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(1)2 0 1 8 年度 < 2 0 1 8 H 3 0 1 2 1 1 2 3 > 注意事項. 1 . 試験開始の指示があるまで、問題冊子およぴ解答用紙には手を触れないこと。 2 . 問題は 2∼ 1 1ページに記載されている。試験中に問題冊子の印刷不鮮明、ページの落了・乱丁及び解答. 用紙の汚損等に気付いた場合は、手を挙げて監督員に知らせること。 3 . 解答はすべて、 HBの黒鉛筆または HBのシャープペンシルで記入すること。. 4 . マーク解答用紙記入上の注意 ( 1 ) 印刷されている受験番号が、自分の受験番号と一致していることを確認したうえで、氏名欄に氏名を. 記入すること。 ( 2) マーク欄にははっきりとマークすること。また、訂正する場合は、消しゴムで丁寧に、消し残しがな. いようによく消すこと。マークする時｜・良い G 悪い＠悪いマークを消す時 10 良いの悪い G 悪い 5 . 記述解答用紙記入上の注意 ( 1）記述解答用紙の所定欄（ 2カ所）に、氏名および受験番号を正確に丁寧に記λすること。. ( 2）所定欄以外に受験番号・氏名を記入した解答用紙は採点の対象外となる場合がある。 ( 3 ) 受験番号の記入にあたっては、次の数字見本にしたがい、読みやすいように、正擁に丁寧に記入する. とと。数字見本. l o lrl2j3)4js/617[8[9. ( 4）受験番号は右詰めで記入し、余白が生じる場合でも受験番号の前に「 OJを記入しないこと。. （例）. 3 回5 番コ. ｜万｜千！百｜十 1 1 i I3IsI2IsI. 6 . 解答はすべて所定の解答欄に記入すること。所定欄以外に何かを記入した解答用紙は採点の対象外とな. る場合がある。 7 . 試験終了の指示が出たら、すぐに解答をやめ、筆記用具を置き解害用紙を裏返しにすること。終了の指. 示に従わない場合は、答案のすべてを無効とするのでi 注意すること。 8 . いかなる場合でも、解答用紙は必ず提出すること。. 9 . 試験終了後、問題冊子は持ち帰ること。. 1. e 一度部日年学日8国. 瓜引構. 9 2仕初学文大試回入稲般早一. ココ口. 五ロ. 英（間題）.

(2) I Read t h ef o l l o w i n g two p a s s a g e s and c h o o s et h e most a p p r o p r i a t e word o rp h r a s ef o r e a c hi t e m (1∼ 1 4 ).Marky o u rc h o i c e s (a∼ d)ont h es e p a r a t ea n s w e rs h e e t .. ※この問題は、著作権の関係により掲載ができません。. a p t e dfromT i f f a n yNoeandG e o r g eE c h e v a r r i a , F o r a g e r :A S u b j e c t i v eG u i d et oM i a m i ' sE d i b l eP l a n t s . ). 1. (a) camedown. (b) grewup. (c)t o o kp l a c e. (d)wento v e r. 2. (a)bombarded. (h)e n v e l o p e d. (c)p i t c h e d. (d)v e n t i l a t e d. r t i v e l y 3. (a）主r. (h)i m p u l s i v e l y. (c)o b s e s s i v e l y. (d)r e g r e t f u l l y. 4. (a) p l a c e. (b) s e a s o n. (c)t i m e. (d）同m. 5. (a)d r e a m e r. s (b) n a t i v e’. (c)t e a c h e r’ s. (d) t. 6. (a)c o l o n i a l. (b) g l o b a l. (c)l o c a l. (d) na 旬r a l. 7. (a)a c r o s s. (b) b e h i n d. (c) beyond. (d) u n t o. 一一一 2 一一一.

(3) ( B). Modem s c i e n c e and modern e m p i r e sw e r em o t i v a t e d by t h er e s t l e s sf e e l i n gt h 剖. p e r h a p ss o m e t h i n gi m p o r t a n ta w a i t e dbeyond t h eh o r i z o n- s o m e t h i n gt h e y hadb e t t e re x p l o r e andm a s t e r .Y e tt h ec o n n e c t i o nb e t w e e ns c i e n c e and e m p i r e wentmuch d e e p e r . Notj u s tt h e u i l d e r swere e n t a 昭l e dw i t ht h o s e ofs c i e n t i s t s . m o t i v a t i o n ,b u ta l s ot h e ( 8 )o fe m p i r eb 『. h i l es e t t i n g up a F o r modem E u r o p e a n s ,b u i l d i n ga ne m p i r e was a s c i e n t i f i cp r o j e c t w ヲ. s c i e n t i f i cd i s c i p l i n ewas a n ( 9 )p r o j e c t . When t h e Muslims C叫. U悶. dI n 出a ラ出e yd i dn o tb r i n g( 1 0 )a r 伽 e o l o g i s t st o. s y s t e m a t i c a l l ys t u d yI n d i a nh i s t o r y ,( 1 1 )t o rz o o l o g i s t st os t u d yI n d i a nf a u n a . When t h eB r i t i s hc o n q u e r 吋 I n d i a ,t h e yd i d I n d i a ns o i l so ヲ. 0A p r i l 1802t h eG r e a tS u r v e yo fI n d i awasl a u n c h e d .I tl a s t e ds i x 句r a l loft h e s et h i n g s . On 1. y e a r s . Witht h eh e l poft e n s oft h o u s a n d so fn a t i v el a b o u r e r s ,s c h o l a r s andg u i d e s ,t h eB r i t i s h c a r e f u l l y mapped t h e whole o fI n d i a , m a r k i n gb o r d e r s , m e a s u r i n gd i s t a n c e s , a n d e v e n c a l c u l a t i n gf o rt h ef i r s tt i m et h ee x a c th e i g h to f Mount E v e r e s ta n dt h eo t h e r Himalayan p e a k s . The B r i t i s he x p l o r e dt h em i l i t a r yr e s o u r c e s of I n d i a np r o v i n c e s and t h el o c a t i o no f h et r o u b l et oc o l l e c ti n f o r m a t i o na b o u tr a r eI n d i a n t h e i rg o l dm i n e s ,b u tt h e ya l s o ( 12 )t s p i d e r l a n g u a g e s ,a n dt od i gup f o r g o t t e nr u i n s . ・d a r o was o n eo ft h ec h i e fc i t i e so ft h eI n d u sV a l l e yc i v i l i z a t i o n , which Mohenjo. f l o u r i s h e di nt h et h i r dm i l l e n n i u m BC a n d was d e s t r o y e da r o u n d 1900 BC. None o fI n d i a’ s ・ B r i t i s hr u l e r s n e i t h e rt h eM a u r y a s ,n o rt h eG u p t a s ,n o rt h eD e l h is u l t a n s ,n o rt h eg r e a t p r e. Mughals- had g i v e nt h er u i n s a ( 14 )g l a n c e . But a B r i t i s ha r c h a e o l o g i c a ls u r v e yt o o k 9 2 2 ;t h es i t ewas e x c a v a t e da n dt h ef i r s tg r e a tc i v i l i z a t i o no fI n d i awas n o t i c eo ft h es i t ei n1. u n c o v e r e d . a r a r i ,S a p i e n s :A B r i e fH i s t o r yo fHumankind.) ( A d a p t e d仕omYuvalNoahH 8. (a)a d v a n t a g e s. (b)c h a r a c t e r s. (c)p r a c t i c e s. (d)s i t u a t i o n s. 9. (a)e x p e r i m e n t a l. (h)i m p e r i a l. (c)o f f i c i a l. (d)u n p r e c e d e n t e d. 1 0 . (a) a l o n g. (h）白r t h. (c) on. (d) w i t h. 1 1. (a)a n t h r o p o l o g i s t s. (h) a s t r o l o g i s t s. (c)m e t e o r o l o g i s t s. (d)p h y s i o l o g i s t s. 1 2 . (a)a v o i d e d. (h) c a u s e d. (c)r e d u c e d. (d) t o o k. 1 3 . (a)e x c e s s i v e. (b) e x t e r n a l. (c) e x t i n c t. (d)e x u b e r a n t. 1 4 . (a)c a s u a l. (h) f o r m a l. (c) q u i c k. (d) s e c o n d. 3.

(4) I l Read t h ef o l l o w i n gt h r e ep a s s a g e sa n d mark t h e most 叩 p r o p r i a t ec h o i c e (a∼ d)f o r h es e p 訂a t e姐 s w e rs h e e t . e a c hi t e m( 1 5∼ 24)ont ( A). A u t o b i o g r a p h i c a lmemoryi sn o t o r i o u s l yu n s t a b l e . Al 出o ughp e o p l et y p i c a l l yremember. w e l lt h eg i s t of姐 i m p o r t a n tl i f ee v e n ta st i m ep a s s e s ,t h e yo 負担 m isremembert h ed e t a i l s . F a c t u a le r r o r si na u t o b i o g r a p h i c a lr e c o l l e c t i o ni n c r e a s es u b s t a n t i a l l ya st h et e m p o r a ld i s t a n c e from t h et o b e r e m e m b e r e de ve n ti n c r e a s e s .F o re x a m p l e ,r e s e a r c hi n d i c a t e st h a ta c c u r a c yi n r e c o l l e c t i o n s ofhow p e o p l eh e a r dt h e news o ft h eS e p t e m b e r1 1 ,2 0 0 1t e r r o r i s ta t t a c k si n New York C i t yd e c r e a s e ds u b s t a n t i a l l yo v e r an 8 ・m onth p e r i o d .R e s e a r c h on p e r s o n a l sb e l i e f st ot h ec o n t r 紅y , r e c o l l e c t i o n so fd r a m a t i ch i s t o r i c a le v e n t ss u g g e s t st h a tde s p i t ep e o p l e’ s s a s s i n a t i o no rt h e9 / 1 1a t t a c k smay be no a c c u r a c yf o rmemories oft h e JohnF.Kennedy a g r e a t e rt h a nf o rmemoriesofanyo t h e re v e n t si nl 江e . Thet e m p o r a li n s t a b i l i 守 o fa u t o b i o g r a p h i c a lmemory ,t h e r e f o r e ,c o n t r i b u t e st oc h a n g e i nt h el i f es t o r yo v e rt i m e . But many o t h e rp r o c e s s e sa r ea l s oa tp l a y ,a n d many oft h e s e 丘町 w i t ht h es o c i a lw o r l d . Most o b v i o u s l y , r e f l e c tc h a n g e si n how t h ep e r s on comes t ot e p e o p l ea c c u m u l a t enew e x p e r i e n c e so v e rt i m e , some ofwhich may p r o v et obe s oi m p o r t a n t. a s tq make t h e i r way i n t on a r r a t i v ei d e n t i t y .F u r t h e r m o r e,a sp e o p l e’ sm o t i v a t i o n s,g o a l s , p e r s o n a lc o n c e r n s ,a n ds o c i a lp o s i t i o n sc h a n g e ,t h e i rm e m o r i e so fi m p o r t a n t ev e n t si nt h e i r l i v e sa n dt h em e a n i n g st h e ya t t r i b u t et ot h o s ee v e n t smaya l s oc h a n g e . .McAdams ， “P e r s o n a lN a r r a t i v e sa n dt h eUお S t o r γ” ） ( A d a p t e d企omDanP 1 5 .A c c o r d i n gt ot h ep a s s a g e,whatdo we knowa b o u tp e o p l e’ smemories o fm勾o rh i s t o r i c a l e v e n t s ? (a)The a c c u r a c y of r e c o 日e c t i o n s t e n d s t o i n c r e a s e i np r o p o 出o nt o t h e h i s t o r i c a l i m p o r t a n c eo ft h ee v e n t . (b)As t i m ep a s s e sp e o p l ea r eu s u a l l ya b l et or e c a l lm j o re v e n t s血 b o t hg r e a td e t a i la n d a c e ぽ a c y . (c)P e o p l e’ s memories o f m司o re v e n t sa r ef a r more s t a b l et h a nt h e i r memories of e v e r y d a yo c c u r r e n c e s . (d)T h e r ei snoe v i d e n c et os u g g e s tt h a tp e o p l erememberm勾o rh i s t o r i c a le ve n t sanymore a c c u r a t e l yt h a nt h e yremembero t h e rt h i n g s . 1 6 . Wh 瓜 d o e st h eau 也o rs u g g e s ti s am a j o rr e a s o nf o rp e o p l e’ su n r e l i a b l ememories? ，江 b ecomes more d i f f i c u l tt o (a)As p e o p l ea c c u m u l a t e more memories o v e r t i m e a c c u r a t e l yrememberthema l l .. (b)Asp e o p l eg e to l d e r ,t h en a t u r a lp r o c e s s e s ofa g i n gweakent h eb r a i nandt h e r e f o r et h e memory. (c)P e o p l e’ si n t e r p 附 a t i o n so f也ep a s tt e n dt oc h a n g ea st h e i ru n d e r s t a n d i n goft h e m s e l v e s c h a n g e so v e rt h e i rl i f e s p a n . (d)P e o p l e’ sl i f e s t y l e sa r e more s t a b l et h a ni nt h e pa s t ,s oi th a s become d i f f i c u l tf o r p e o p l et orememberi m p o r t a n te v e n t s .. ※ Web 公開にあたり、蓄作権者の要請により出典追記しております。 RepublishedwithpermissionofG u i l f o r dP u b l i c a t i o n s , fromPersonalNarrativesandtheL i f eStory/ 4 一一一 Handbookofpersonality・theoryandresearch, DanP .McAdams,Jan/1/2008;permissionconveyed g h tClearanceCenter,I n c . throughCopy「i.

(5) ( B). Whenwel o o kc l o s e l y瓜 ahumanf a c ewe a r eaw 訂 co fmanye x p r e s s i v ed e t a i l s-. t h el i n e so ft h ef o r e h e a dt h ew i d e n e s so ft h ee y e s ,t h ec u r v eo ft h el i p s ,t h ej u to ft h ec h i n . ヲ. T h e s ee l e m e n t sc o m b i n et op r e s e n tu sw i t hat o t a lf a c i a le x p r e s s i o nwhichweu s et oi n t e r p r e t t h e mood o fo u rc o m p a n i o n . But we a l l know t h a tp e o p l e canζput o n a happy f a c e’o r d e l i b e r a t e l ya d o p tas a df a c ew i t h o u tf e e l i n ge i t h e r happy o rs a d .F a c e sc a nl i e ,a n d s o m e t i m e sc a nl i es ow e l lt h 剖 i t becomes h a r dt or e a dt h et r u ee m o t i o n so ft h e i ro w n e r s . 出 to n ef a c i a ls i g n a lt h a tc a n n o te a s i l ybe ‘ p u to n ' .I ti sas m a l ls i g n a l ,a n d Butt h e r ei sa tl e. r a t h e ras u b t l eo n e ,b u tb e c a u s ei tt e l l st h et r u t hi ti so fs p e c i a li n t e r e s t .I tc omes fromt h e p u p i l sa n dh a st od ow i t ht h e i rs i z en o to n l yi nr e l a t i o nt ot h eamounto fl i g h tt h a ti sf a l l i n g upont h e m . The human p u p i l sa p p e a ra s two b l a c ks p o t sa tt h ec e n t r e so ft h ec o l o u r e di r i s e s and i ti s con 立n onk n o w l e d g et h a tt h e s es p o t sa r eo p e n i n g st h a t vaηin w i d t ha st h el i g h t c h a n g e s .I nb r i g h ts u n l i g h tt h e yn a r r o wt op i n h e a ds i z e- a b o u ttwom i l l i m e t r e sa c r o s s- a n d a sd u s kf a l l s也e ywident op e r h a p sf o u rt i m e st h e i rs u n l i td i a m e t e r . But i ti sn o to n l yl i g h t t h a ta f f e c t st h ep u p i l s . They a r ea l s oa f f e c t e d by e m o t i o n a lc h a n g e s . And i ti sb e c a u s e e m o t i o n a lc h a n g e sc a nn o t i c e a b l ya l t e rp u p i ls i z e whent h el i g h tr e m a i n sc o n s t a n tt h a tp u p i l s i z e c h a n g eo p e r a t e sa s a mood s i g n a l .I f we s e es o m e t h i n gt h a te x c i t e su s ,w h e t h e rw i t h p l e a s u r a b l ea n t i c i p a t i o no rw i t hf e a r 0町 p u p i l se x p a n dmoret h a nu s u a lf o rt h ee x i s t i n gl i g h t ラ. c o n d i t i o n s .I fwe s e es o m e t h i n gm i l d l yd i s t a s t e f u l ,t h e yc o n t r a c tmoret h a nt h e ys h o u l di nt h e n d ,s i n c et h e y e x i s t i n gl i g h tc o n d i t i o n s .T h e s ec h a n g e sn o r m a l l yo c c u rw i t h o u tO町 knowledgea a r ea l s ol a r g e l ybeyondo u rc o n t r o l ,t h e yf o r ma ni n v a l u a b l eg u i d et oo u rt r u ef e e l i n g s . ( A d a p t e dfromDesmo 吋 M o r r i sP e o p j eW a t c h i n g . ) ラ. 米 W巴b 公閣にあたり、著作権者の要請により出典追記しております。. F r o mP e o p l eW a t c h i n gb yD e s m o n dM o r r i sP u b l i s h e d b yV i n t a g eR e p r i n t e db yp e si n n e re m o t i o n sc a nb ed e t e c t e d T h eR a n d o mH o u s 巴G r o u pL i m i t e d . 1 7 .P e o p l e’ (a)byl o o k i n ga tt h e i rf a c e si ne a c ha n de v e r yd e t a i l ?2002 (b)bywhati sshowni nt h ec e n t r eo ft h e i re y e s . (c)t h r o u g ht h ec o m b i n a t i o n so fe x p r e s s i v ep a r t sont h e i rf a c e s . (d)whent h e yt a k eo f ft h e i rmaskso fp r e t e n c e . 1 8 . Thew i d t ho fp u p i l s (a)c a n n o tc h a n g ew i t h o u tk e e p i n gt h e i rl e n g t h . (b)c h a n g e so n l ywhenyouf e e ls o m e t h i n gp l e a s u r a b l eo rf e a r f u l . (c)mayc h a n g er e g a r d l e s so ft h es 仕e n g t ho ft h el i g h t . (d) n肝 e rc h a re swhent h el i g h tc o n d i t i o ni sc o n s t a n t . 1 9 .F a c e sl i es ow e l l (a)a sl o n ga sd u s kf a l l s . (b）出 l o n ga se m o t i o n sc h a n g e . (c)w h i l ep u p i l sd on o t . (d)w h i l et h es u ns h i n e s . 5.

(6) ※この問題は、著作権の関係により掲載ができません。. ( A d a p t e df r o mK a r e nA r m s t r o n g ,F i e l . ゐ o fB l o o d .) - 6一一.

(7) 2 0 .A c c o r d i n gt ot h et e x t ,t h eS u m e r i a np e a s a n t s yi na品位 s o c i a ls y s t e m . (a)e x c h a n g e dt h e i rp r o d u c e仕切l 恥 et o也et e m p l e s ,ands o l dt h er e m a i n d e r . (h)g a v e ap o r t i o no ft h e i rp r o d. 巾s . (c)hadt og i v emosto ft h e i rp r o d u c et ot h eu r b a ne l. (d)l i v e dah e a l t h i e ra n dh a p p i e rl i f et h a np e o p l ei nt h ec i t i e s . 2 1 .A c c o r d i n gt ot h et e x t ,t h er u l e r so ft h eS u m e r i a nc i t i e s e a ro ff a m i n ea n dd e a t ht om a i n t a i nt h e i rp o w e r . (a) c y n i c a l l ym a n i p u l a t e dt h ep e a s a n t s’f (b)f o r c e dt h e i rs o l d i e r sa n ds e r v a n t st oworkh a r dont h el a n dwhent i m e swereh a r d . (c)r e p a i r e dv i t a ls y s t e m sa n ds a f e g u a r d e ds o c i a lo r d e r ,b u tp u n i s h e di n f r a c t i o n sw i t h o u t m e r c y . (d)w e r eo b l i v i o u st ot h ec h a o st h a tc o u l dr e s u l tf r o ms l a v er e v o l t sa n du p r i s i n g s . 2 2 . Thea u t h o ro ft h et e x tc l a i m st h a ta l m o s ta l ll a r g ep r e i n d u s t r i a ls o c i e t i e s (a)d e p e n d e donacommunals p i r i to fg i v ea n dt a k eb e t w e e na l lm e m b e r s . (b)h a dr i g i d l ys t r a t i f i e ds o c i a ls t r u c 印r e s ,w i t has m a l le l i t ea tt h es u m m i t . 脱出． (c)s u f f e r e dfromo c c a s i o n a lh a r d s h i p sb u tw e r eg e n e r a l l ys t a b l eandc o. (d) weremuchb e t t e rf o rmostp e o p l et h a nt h ep r i m i t i v el i v e shumansl e db e f o r e . 2 3 . ThomasMertona n dW a l t e rB e n j a m i n ,a c c o r d i n gt ot h ep a s s a g e , 悶v e白叫 t h emodemi d e ao ft h ep r o g r e s so fc i v i l i z a t i o no b s c u r e st h em i s e r a b l el i v e s (a)b e l i. s u f f e r e dbyp r e v i o u sg e n e r a t i o n s . (b)b l a m e t h e c i v i l i z e d w e s t e r n c o u n t r i e s f o r t h e t e r r i b l e c o n d i t i o n s s u f f e r e d by u n d e r d e v e l o p e dn a t i o n si nt h ep o s t c o l o n i a le r a . (c)f e e lt h a tw h i l e human e x p e r i e n c e was g e n 町a l l ym i s e r a b l ei nt h ep a s t , modem t e c h n o l o g yh a se n a b l e du st oh a v ehappyandc o n v e n i e n tl i v e s . (d)t h i n kt h a taf o c u s on t h ed a r ks i d eo fhuman h i s t o r yc a nb l i n du st ot h ev e r yg r e a t a c h i e v e m e n t smadebyo 田 a n c e s t o r s . ¥. 凶 t i t l eb e s tg i v e st h ep r 印刷li d e ao f帥 2 4 . Wh. t e x t ?. (a) A n c i e n tC i t i e sWereP l a c e so fM y s t e r y . (b) C i v i l i z a t i o nHasBeenB u i l tonC r u e l t y . (c) M e s o p o t a m i a ,ThenandNow. (d)WeAreLuckyt oL i v ei naModernS o c i e t y .. 7 一一一.

(8) i l Chooset h emost叩 p r o p r i a t es e n t e n c efromt h ef o l l o w i n gl i s t (a∼ h) f o re a c hi t e m ( 2 5∼ 3 1 ) .Marky o u rc h o i c e sont h es e p a r a t ea n s w e rs h e e t . c a and p a r t so fS o u t hE a s tA s i a had p r e v i o u s l yb e e n (a) E u r o p e a n movement i n A企i i n h i b i t e d by t h ep r e s e n c eo fm a l a r i a , ad e a d l yd i s e a s et r a n s m i t t e d by m o s q u i t o e s ,f o r whicht h e r ewasnoknownc u r eo rmeanso fp r e v e n t i o n . (b) H o w e v e r ,t h ei m p a c to fP e r k i n ' sm a u v e i n ed y e on t h ew o r l d was p e r h a p sj u s ta s i n t e n s ea smoreo b v i o u s l ys o c i a l l yu s e f u li n v e n t i o n s . (c) I n d e e d ,i t was s u c he x p e r i m e n t sw i t hc o a lt a r ,a n di nt h e samep e r i o dw i t hr o c ko i l , t h a te s t a b l i s h e dmodemm a t e r i a l sa n dp r o d u c t si nav a s tnumbero fa r e a s . (d) I nt h e Romanr e p u b l i ca n dt h ee m p i r e whichf o l l o w e di t ,t h e r e hadbeen a l a wt h a t o n l y members o ft h eh e r e d i t a r yu p p e rc l a s s ,t h e“ p a t r i c i a n s ， ” were p e r m i t t e dt o wear c l o t h e sw i t hp u r p l ed y e . (e) The new s y n t h e t i cp r o d u c t sw e r eb r i e f l yp o p u l a r ,b u ta f t e r aw h i l ep e o p l e went b a c k t ou s i n gn a t u r a lo r g a n i cp r o d u c t s . ヲ. (f) P e o p l el i v i n gne 町 P e r k i 山 f a c t o r yn o t i c e dhowt h ec o l o u ro ft h ew a t e r so ft h ec a n a l wouldc h a n g ep e r i o d i c a l l y ,a sd i f f e r e n tc h e m i c a lcompoundsweres y n t h e s i s e d . (g) The p r o b l e mw i t hv e g e t a t i v ed y e s was t h a tt h e yq u i c k l yf a d e da n dl o s tc o l o u r ,a n d e v e nwhennewweren o tp a r t i c u l a r l yb r i g h t . (h). w地. t h ei n q u i s i t i v e n e s s and i n s i g h t也a tg r e a ti n v e n t o r sh a v e , he t o o kt h i sb y p r o d u c t. a n dl o o k e df o rwayst ou s ei t . I n1 8 5 6 ,W i l l i a mP e r k i na n1 8 y e a r o l dc h e m i s tw o r k i n gi nL o n d o n , madea na c c i d e n t a l ヲ. d i s c o v e r yt h a tc h a n g e dt h ew o r l d .P e r k i nwas w o r k i n gi nh i shome l a b o r a t o r y ,e x p e r i m e n t i n g on c o a lt a rr e s i d u ew h i l e 廿y i n gt of i n d as y n t h e t i ce q u i v a l e n to fq u i n i n e .C o a lt a rwas t h e p r o d u c tu s e df o rl a m p l i g h ti nmany 1 9 t h c e n t u r yhomes,a n di t sr e s i d u e ,madeup o fcomplex c a r b o n b a s e dc o m p o u n d s , was p r o v i n gav a l u a b l es o u r c eo fm a t e r i a lf o rt h e pe 仕o c h e m i c a l. 5 )A l lt h ev a r i o u s s y n t h e t i c st h a t werej u s tb e g i n n i n gt ob ed i s c o v e r e d by c h e m i s t s .( 2 p l a s t i cm a t e r i a l s ,s o l v e n t sa n dc l e a n i n gm a t e r i a l ss u c ha ss o a p ,m e d i c i n e s ,p e s t i c i d e s ,f e r t i l i z e r s, e x p l o s i v e s ,a n d many more p r o d u c t st h a t we u s et o d a y come from s u c hh y d r o c a r b o n s y n t h e s e s . Q u i n i n e ,t h en a t u r a lp r o d u c twhichP e r k i nwas a t t e m p t i n gt or e p r o d u c es y n t h e t i c a l l y ,was a ni m m e n s e l yi m p o r t a n tp r o d u c ti na l l o w i n gf o rt h es p r e a do fi m p e r i a l i s m ,c o l o n i a l i s ma n d w o r l d回 d e血 t h e1 9 t hc e n 同r y .( 2 6 )Q u i n i n e ,made企omt h eb a r ko faS o u t hAmerican 位e e ,wast h eo n l yknownp r o p h y l a c t i c ,b u ti twasi ns h o r ts u p p l ya n de x p e n s i v e ;t h u s , ar a c e. was onf o rc h e m i s t s 由r o u g h o u tt h ew o r l dt o comeup w i t has y n t h e t i ca l t e r n a t i v e ,t h o u g hi t wasn o tu n t i l1 9 3 4t h a ta na r t i f i c i a lm e d i c i n ea g a i n s tm a l a r i awas d e v e l o p e d . T h u s ,t h o u g hP e r k i nd i dn o td i s c o v e ra na l t e r n a t i v et oq u i n i n e , what h e came up w i t h. 一 −. 8一一.

(9) was s o m e t h i n ge v e n more i m p r e s s i v ea n dw o r l d c h a n g i n g . On t h a tp a r t i c u l a rd a y ,a sh e 凶e d on t h ec a r b o nc o m p o u n d s ,h en o t i c e d ab 均h tl i g h t p u r p l er e s i d u e . ( 27 ) e x p e r i m e. What h ef o u n d was t h a tt h er e s i d u e ,a na n i l i n ec o m p o u n d , made a d y et h a tc o u l dc o l o u r f a b r i c s and m a t e r i a l sw i t h o u td i s s o l v i n gi nw a t e ro rf a d i n gi ns u n l i g h t . He had c r e a t e dt h e sf i r s ts y n t h e t i cd y e ,aw o n d e r f u li n v e n t i o n . w o r l d’ P r e v i o u s l y ,d y e sh a d been e i t h e rp l a n t b a s e do rd e r i v e d 企om a p a r t i c u l a rs e am o l l u s c . (2 8 )The o t h e rp r e i n d u s t r i a ld y e came 企om t h em u r e x , a 守pe o fs e a s n a i l , and was e x t r e m e l ye x p e n s i v e ,a si tn e e d e dt ob ef i s h e dup i ns m a l lq u a n t i t i e s fromt h ed e p t h so ft h e s e aby d i v e r s .M u r e x ,o rT y r i a np u r p l ea si t was k n o w n , was a b e a u t i f u l l yr i c h ,a n dl o n g l a s t i n gd y e .H o w e v e r , ve 巧r f ew p e o p l ec o u l da f f o r di t ,a n di nt h eM e d i t e r r a n e a na r e at h e T y r i a np u r p l ewasamarko fg r e a tw e a l t ha n dp o w e r .( 2 9 ) P e r k i n ,a l o n gw i t hh i sb r o t h e randa企i e n d ,s e tup af a c t o r yi nLondont op r o d u c et h e. ：’. 凹p l e i nl a r g eq u a n t i t i e s . The new p r o d u c t , which d y e , which h ei n i t i a l l yc a l l e d" a n i l i n ep. was p l e n t i f u l and c h e a p , became i n s t a n t l yp o p u l a r ,a n di np a r t i c u l a r women o fa l lc l a s s e s w e r e now a b l et o buy a n d wear d r e s s e so fab e a u t i f u lb r i g h tp u r p l eh u e .P e r k i nd e c i d e dt o m a u v e i n e ”and t h ec o l o u rbecame known a s“ mauve ヘtaken 合omthe namet h e compound “ F r e n c h name f o rt h e mallow w i l d f l o w e ro fa s i m i l a rc o l o u r .A f t e rh i ss u c c e s sw i t h mauve scompanye x p e r i m e n t e dw i t ha n dd e v e l o p e dn u m e r o u so t h e rp r o d u c t s ,i n c l u d i n g d y e s ,P e r k i n’ g r e e n ,r e da n dy e l l o wd y e s ,a sw e l la so t h e rs y n t h e t i c compounds a st h eb a s i sf o rp e r f u m e s . 仕e mely r i c h ,p r o g r e s si nc h e m i c a l (3 0 )H o w e v e r ,t h o u g hP e r k i nh i m s e l f became e x. s company s y n t h e s i s became i n c r e a s i n g l yd o m i n a t e d by l a r g e German c o m p a n i e s ,a n dP e r k i n’ a n di t sf a c t o r i e se v e n t u a l l yc l o s e dd o w n ,andP e r k i nr e t i r e d . C h e m i c a ls y n t h e s i s ,a sp r a c t i s e dby s o manyo t h e rs c i e n t i s t so ft h e1 9 t hc e n t u r yh a so f c o u r s ep r o d u c e de n o r m o u sb e n e f i t sf o rp e o p l ei nt h ea r e a so fm e d i c i n e ,h y g i e n ea n ds a n i t a t i o n , a n dc h e a pm a t e r i a l so fa l lk i n d s .( 3 1 )Cheap c l o t h i n g ,a swornbyt h ev a s tm司o r i t yo f p e o p l e , was no l o n g e rd r a ba n dc o l o u r l e s s ;i n s t e a d ,b r i g h 仕1 e s s ,v a r i e t y ,a n dd i s t i n c t i v e n e s s became p a r to fcommon l i f e .B e g i n n i n gw i t ha na c c i d e n t a ld i s c o v e r y ,, i n a London a t t i c ,t h e w o r l d so ff a s h i o ni nc l o t h i n g ,d e s i g nands t y l ei nf a b r i c sandt e x t i l e sb e g a nt omakeo u rl i v e s f e e la ss t i m u l a t i n gandi n t e r e s t i n ga st h o s eo ft h eu p p e rc l a s s e so fp r e v i o u sp e r i o d s .. 一一 −. 9一一一.

(10) N Choose t h e most a p p r o p r i a t ep h r a s e 企om t h el i s t (a∼ r n )f o re a c hi t e m( 3 2∼ 3 8 ) . Marky o u rc h o i c e sont h es e p a r a t ea n s w e rs h e e t . Twof r i e n d sM i l e sα ndS o p h i ea r et a l k i n g . ラ. M i l e s :. ぅ. Areyouo k a y ,S o p h i e ?We’ v e( 3 2 )awordo u to fyoua l la f t e r n o o n .. S o p h i e : S u r e ,M i l e s .I t’ st h i st e r mp叩 e rI ’ m (3 3 )on： “J e a n s and t h ed e v e l o p m e n to f. moderns o c i e t y .”I t’ ss oi n t e r e s t i n g .Ic a n’ tg e t( 3 4 )t h i sk i n doft h i n g . M i l e s :. Youc a n’ t( 35 ） … canyou?. S o p h i e : N o,I ( 3 6 ) .Didyouknowt h a tt h eo r i 伊 o ft h eword‘ j e a n s’r e l a t e st oG e n o a ,. denim’comes企omt h eF r e n c h‘ d eNimes三atowni n ap o r ti nI t a l y ,b u tt h eword ‘ F r a n c e ? M i l e s :. Hangon ( 37 ) ,It h o u g h t也a tj e a n sweret h ea l l A m e r i c a nc l o t h i n g .. S o p h i e : S u r e ,i nmanywayst h e ya r e ,b u t血 e ya l s ot e l lu ss o m e t h i n ga b o u twhati tmeans. t obe ‘ a l l A m e r i c a n ' . M i l e s: I fyou ( 38 ） … Your e a da b o u tthema n dI ' l lj u s tweart h e m .. (a) a l r e a d yl i s t e n e d (h)b e l i e v eyou (c)b e l o n g st o (d)b es e r i o u s (e)enougho f (f)h a r d l yh e a r d (g) meani t (h) amoment (i)r e a d i n gup (j) s a ys o (k)t ot h i s (I)t o omuch ( m)w r i t i n gdown. 一一一 10. ー←ー.

(11) PLEASEREADTHEE呼STRUCTIONSCAREFULLY.. t h es p a c ep r o v i d e d on t h es e p a r a t ea n s w e rs h e e t .. e LU T. V Read t h ef o l l o w i n gp a s s a g e and c o m p l e t et h eE n g l i s h summary 立1 yo 町. 0羽r nw ords m. b e g i n n i n g of t h e summary i s. o r d s . p r o v i d e d ;youmustc o m p l e t ei ti n4・10w I ti sa l m o s ti m p o s s i b l et of i n das o c i e t yw i t h o u t somep r o c e s s ofe d u c a t i o n .H i s t o r i c a l l y t h e r eh a v e been a v a r i e t y of a i m sp u r s u e ds u c ha s c o m p l e t i o n of p e r s o n a lc h a r a c t e r , c u l t i v a t i o n of i n t e l l i g e n c e ,o rs i m p l yj o bp r e p a r a t i o n ;h o w e v e r ,a st h e American p h i l o s o p h e r John Dewey p u ti t ， ‘t h ep u r p o s e ofe d u c a t i o nh a sb e e n ,m e s s e n c e ,t h e same-t og i v et h e. young t h et h i n g st h e y need i no r d e rt od e v e l o pi n an o r d e r l y ,s e q u e n t i a l way i n t o members o c i a l i z a t i o nh a s been a r g u a b l yone oft h emost common f ofs o c i e t y .’S u n c t i o n s ,r e g a r d l e s s of. 戸i u. 制. kc. VA. eb. ac. m. t i m eo rp l a c e ,t h a ts c h o o l so rt e a c h e r sa r ee x p e c t e dt o 五I l f i l l .P e o p l ew i t h o u tc h i l d r e n ,f o r u s u a l l y 紅 en’ to p p o s e dt ot h eg o v e r n m e n ts p e n d i n gt h e i rt a x e s on e d u c a t i o n ,p a r t l y. t h e yb e l i e v et h i sc o n t r i b u t e st ot h ew e l f a r e of s o c i e t yt h r o u g hc r e a t i n gr e s p o n s i b l e. goodn e i g h b o r s ・ ’ Whatc o u n t sh e r ei swhata‘ r e s p o n s i b l e’memberofas members a n d‘ o c i e t y m e a n s .I fs o c i a l i z a t i o ns i m p l y means t o make c h i l d r e nw e l l b e h a v e d and o b e d i e n tt os o c i e 句r by i n s t i l l i n g m them e x i s t i n gn o r m s ,e d u c a t i o nc o u l dm a ne x 仕e me c o m p l i c i ti n a s e be c 刷a t i n gc o 汀u p t i o no rt 戸加n y .I nf a c t ,t h i sh a ss e l d o mbeen t h ec p e r p e a s e ,a n de d u c a t i o nc a n. h a v et h eo p p o s i t ee f f e c t . What James B a l d w i n , an American w r i t e r ,c a l l e d‘ t h ep a r a d o xo f e d u c a t i o no c c u r s ,t h a t' a s oneb e g i n st obecomec o n s c i o u soneb e g i n st o examinet h es o c i e t y ヲ. m which he i sb e i n ge t sf a i l u r et d u c a t e d .’By i oc o m p l e t et h e i rs o c i a l i z a t i o n ,e d u c a t i o nc a n r a i s ec h i l d r e nt obecomemembers o fs o c i e t ywho ぽ er e s p o n s i b l en o to n l yf o rt h ep r e s e n tb u t r e . a l s of o rt h ehれr SUMMARY:. E d u c a t i o nh a sh i s t o r i c a l l y aimeda tmakingp e o p l ec o n f o r mt os o c i e t y ,b u ti ta l s o.. [ c o m p l e t et h esumm αr yont h es e p a r a t eanswers h e e t ]. 〔以下余. 一一一 1 1一一一. 自〕.

(12) HH. 五日. 二一. ＋央. < 2 0 1 8H 3 0 1 2 1 1 2 3 >. l . J ' ι. 万. 一. 十. 百. 千. 採. 点. 4 聞. 験香号. 氏. I. 名. （注意）所定欄以外に受験番号・氏名を記入してはならない。記入した解答用紙は採点の対象外となる場合がある。. ﹃. 1 −. ηt J v. ム−. E 唱. tA. ノ、U. ηム − 一 Illi ， nU一 −−. −. OOFIll. 町一十. −ム− n u 一位一百. 千. 万. 受験番号氏. V. 名. （注意）所定欄以外に受験番号，氏名を記入してはならない。記入した解答用紙は採点の対象外となる場合がある。. 五日. 円一 − ＝ H. 英. E d u c a t i o nh a sh i s t o r i c a l l yaimeda tmaking p e o p l econformt os o c i e t y ,b u ti ta l s o. （記述解答用紙）. ※解答欄以外には書かないこと. I.

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