[049] 史淵表紙奥付等

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[049] 史淵表紙奥付等

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出版情報：史淵. 49, 1951-11-20. 九州大学文学部 バージョン：

権利関係：

-- i - Relation bet:ween Pu・凶Administ:rat:ion （扶徐府）of Pu-hai Kingdom （溺海） and Lung P^問fed:ure （龍チH) and l-luang^・

/uゐg Administ:raf:ion （黄龍府） of Kitai Empire （契丹〉，

and t:hei_{t_} Present: Position. (Pa'rt:. l) By. K. Hino

It has been said that Fu^・yu Administration 〈扶余府） of Pu,hai Kingdom 〈砂海） was occupied by K itai Empir^・e （契丹） and its naiµe was changed into Huang-lung Administration （貴誌府）） or that the changed name .was Lung Prefecture （龍チ［＇！）. These two traditions may tell us that Lung Prefectw·e ;and Huang-lung Administration should be two names of the same place, but there appears a con- tradiction, because in K itai' s administrative system the same place cannot have both the names of Administration制1d of Prefecture_.

In studying出is point carefully, we get to the fりllowing con­

clusion. Namely, the new name of Fiげ^ゑAdministration which was changed by K itai was not Lung Prefecture, but Huang-I ung Admini­

stratidn. But, when Kitai occupied Lung Prefecture, the capital of Pu-hai, she wanted to remove its inhabita.nts to Kitai proper. These inhabitants of Lung Prefecture, however, were forbidden to enter into Kitai proper on account of the civil w^紅白sulting from the succession to the throne after the death of T^’必tsu （太祖〉． Then they were compelled to reside in the region of Huan�

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stration and were ruled by this Huang-lung Administration. This group of Pu・^初iians who removed from Lung Prefecture were· com­

monly called L^仰g Prefecture, and thus the false tradition was born that the name of Fu・^yゑAdministration was changed into Lung Pre^司 fecture. The truth is that the name of F^砂yゑAdministration was changed into Huang-lung Administration.

Nev�rtheless, these three places, Fu^・yi.^占Administration of Pu

－

HuanglungAdministration of Kitai, and so-call台d L^仰g Prefecture, are all on the same postion .. Now, we must ask of ti1eir pr^部ent position.

2 -

Establishmeりt of the System of "Sangt^’ （参議），

the State Councillor.

By R. Takeuchi

“

was the pronoun of Japanese aristocracy.

It was the "Ryoge" （令外） post, which was. not provided in

“Taiho・Rタo^” 〈大宝令） that ordained Mikado's governmental organi­

zation. Originally Sangi was the system which, soon after Taiho^・Ryo, was enforced, was enacted in order to make the old · clans,. thatノ

coul司n^’t be. appointed to higher posts by ·Taiho-R夕刊 participate in the government.

Men of power at that time appointed their associates to Sangi' so as to strengthen their political 1powers, during the political upheavals, namely Nagayao;s （長屋王）affair in A. D. 729 (the 1st year of· T仰のo天平）， the revolt of Hirotsugu Fuji·τvt;tra （藤原広嗣〉

in 739 (the 11th year of Tenカo), the founding of the great figure of Buddha at Nara in 748・9 ( the 20th year of T enpyo・the 1st y�ar of T仰のoshoho 天平勝宝）， the revolt of Nakamaro Fujiwara （藤原仲 麻呂） in 763 ( the 8th year of Ten

の

. Thus the system of Sangi completed its form gradually. Therefore we can say that the system of Sangi con士ained the essential quality which could be taken advantage of as the field to combine the political powers.

-3 Puritanism and American Democracy

一－A Study on Relation between them- By T. Hattori

It seemed to be a widely accepted belief that American,democracy has derived itself from purit�nism. The Puritans, it · is claimed came to America as the champions of religeous freedom and found ed American democracy. We think, how間口出is rests more upon fiction than reality. Because the battle for religeous tolerance in America was won^‘in the face of the Puritans' bitter opposition.

Nor did American democracy has its origin in New England. It was born, defended and ・enlarged in England, and then brought to America by the settlers and there given a new growth under the influence of frontier �onditions. It is true that there were niany good fighters for democracy in New England, as in other colonies but they were all rebels agai1:st the Puritan order, not its defenders.

There is a view that these rebels were also the Puritans. Ac cording to it, puritanism was not the one movement,, but consisted of two movements which were in consistent with each other, both in England and in New England; a ^‘democratic^’ on the one hand, a 'collective^’ on the other hand. The rebels in Massachusetts in­

eluding Thomas Hooker and Roger Williams succeeded to the de­

rnocratic ideas of Separatists in England. Besides, it claims the deep bond between puritanism and democracy was their common respect for human individual.

This view is:, of course, erroneous in three points: because (1) puritanism, in its broader sense, was one sect, identified by the group of .its congenial adherents, (2) it was not only Separatists but also the Non�Conformists or _even the Pr台sbyterians that were 'democratic^’，（3) but the 'democratic^’and 'individualistic^’elements in puritanism differed essentially from those in modern democracy.

They belonged fo their own world philosophy.

-4-

We can

t think, therefore, Americ�n democracy has its origin in pu出anism.

A Survey of the Taχaf:i 。 n System in the Domain of the Takus （多久領） of the .Saga Clan （佐嘉藩〉

By ^{T. Miki}

· U nde! Japanese feudal society. in modern times; finances of feudal lords were based on the taxes which were paid in rice by faロners.

This thesis is written of the taxation · system which was practised in the domain of the Takus, the principal retainer of the Nab.eshi­

mas, mainly .accordihg to the materials from ·about 1818 to about 1862. The House· of Taku received the annual stipend of 21,000 左oku of rice from the N abes必mas，“outside

qaimyo of Tokugawa . regime, was the lord of the clan of Saga.

In Chapter I, I describe the standard of levying the taxes and the registers. Further, I show that the farms belonged to one of several public offices, to which the taxes were paid, and that each office had different function and. different amount of koku under its rule.

In Chapter II, I prove that the quantity of. koku on these registers showed the u口changeable standard of taxation, and that the true revenues .were annually changed. The standard quantities. and the truly tributed quantities, which each office levied, and the areas of the farms under the administration of each- office in one ye

are shown by me under the naines of villages separately.

Chapter I describes the annual ·change of the quantities of koku in the taxation.

ご字、三