Nobuyuki TANAKA ⏣୰ ఙᖾ ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔๰㐀⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ 2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ Study on the atmospheric behavior and the suitable management method for semi-volatile environmental organic compounds ༙᥹Ⓨᛶ⎔ቃ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢ኱Ẽᅪືែ࡜㐺ᛶ⟶⌮ᡭἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲

༙᥹Ⓨᛶ⎔ቃ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢ኱Ẽᅪືែ࡜㐺ᛶ

⟶⌮ᡭἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲

Study on the atmospheric behavior and the suitable management method for semi-volatile

environmental organic compounds

2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶

᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ๰㐀⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉

⏣୰ ఙᖾ

Nobuyuki TANAKA

2

┠ḟ

➨ ❶ ⥴ゝ 㸬 ௦⾲ⓗ࡞᭷ᶵ኱Ẽởᰁ≀㉁ࡢືែ◊✲࡜ㄢ㢟 㸬㸬 ከ⎔ⰾ㤶᪘Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲㸦3$+V㸧 㸬㸬 ࣏ࣜሷ໬ࣅࣇ࢙ࢽࣝ㸦3&%㸧 㸬㸬 ኱Ẽ୰᭷ᐖ᭷ᶵ኱Ẽởᰁ≀㉁ࡢ㝖ཤ㐣⛬

㸬 ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ࡜㐍ࡵ᪉ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩➨ ❶

➨㸰❶ ⎔ቃ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢ⡆᫆ ᐃἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜ᛂ⏝

㸬 ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ୰ࡢ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫᡂศࡢ⡆౽㎿㏿࡞ ᐃᡭἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ

㸬㸬 ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

㸬㸬 ከගᏊඹ㬆࣮ࣞࢨ࢖࢜ࣥ໬ 720)6 ᢏ⾡ࡢ᳨ウ 㸬㸬㸬 ᴫせ 㸬㸬㸬 ᐇ㦂 㸬㸬㸬 ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ 㸬㸬 ࣮ࣞࢨࣈࣞ࢖ࢡࢲ࢘ࣥ 720)6 ᢏ⾡ࡢ᳨ウ 㸬㸬㸬 ᴫせ 㸬㸬㸬 ᐇ㦂 㸬㸬㸬 ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ 㸬㸬 ගᏊ㸦ࢯࣇࢺ㸧࣮ࣞࢨ࢖࢜ࣥ໬ 720)6 ᢏ⾡ࡢ᳨ウ 㸬㸬㸬 ᴫせ 㸬㸬㸬 ᐇ㦂 㸬㸬㸬 ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ 㸬㸬 㟼㟁ศ⣭ᢏ⾡࡜࣮ࣞࢨ࢖࢜ࣥ໬ 72)06 ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏

㸬㸬 㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ ᐃࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝ᤼࢞ࢫ࡬ࡢ㐺⏝

㸬㸬㸬 ࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝ᤼࢞ࢫࡢⓎ⏕࡜ ᐃ 㸬㸬㸬 ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ 㸬㸬 ࡲ࡜ࡵ

㸬 ኱Ẽ࢚࢔ࣟࢰࣝ୰ࡢ 3&% ࡢ⡆౽㎿㏿࡞ ᐃᡭἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜ᛂ⏝

㸬㸬 ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

㸬㸬 ᐇ㦂 㸬㸬㸬 ヨ⸆

3

㸬㸬㸬 ヨᩱ

㸬㸬㸬 ࣒࢝ࣛࢡ࣐ࣟࢺࢢࣛࣇ࢕࣮࡟ࡼࡿศ⏬

㸬㸬㸬 *&06 ศᯒ 㸬㸬 ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ 㸬㸬㸬 ༢┦࣒࢝ࣛࢡ࣐ࣟࢺࢢࣛࣇ࢕࣮࡟ࡼࡿ ᐃጉᐖᡂศࡢ㝖

ཤ 㸬㸬㸬 ኱Ẽ࢚࢔ࣟࢰࣝヨᩱ࡬ࡢ㐺⏝࠾ࡼࡧබᐃἲ࡜ࡢẚ㍑

㸬㸬㸬 㛤Ⓨᡭἲࡢ⤯⦕Ἔ୰ 3&%  ᐃ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝

 ᐃጉᐖᡂศࡢ㝖ཤ⋡ࡢ┠ᶆ್

ẁ㝵ࡢ࣒࢝ࣛࢡ࣐ࣟࢺࢢࣛࣇ࢕࣮࡟ࡼࡿ㖔Ἔᡂศࡢ㝖ཤ ጉᐖᡂศࡢ㝖ཤ⋡ྥୖࡢࡓࡵࡢ᳨ウ 㸬㸬㸬 ࣓࢖࣒ࣥ࢝ࣛࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ฼⏝ᛶ 㸬㸬㸬 3&% ྵ᭷⤯⦕Ἔ࡬ࡢ㐺⏝࡜බᐃἲ࡜ࡢẚ㍑

㸬㸬 ࡲ࡜ࡵ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸦➨ ❶㸧

➨㸱❶ ㄪ⌮᤼Ẽ୰࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿከ⎔ⰾ㤶᪘Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲ࡢ⤌ᡂ࡜⢏ᚄศᕸ 㸬 ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

㸬 ᐇ㦂 㸬㸬 ᑐ㇟ᡂศ 㸬㸬 ヨ⸆

㸬㸬 㣗ᮦ

㸬㸬 㣗ᮦࡢㄪ⌮

㸬㸬 ㄪ⌮᤼Ẽࡢࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢ 㸬㸬 ๓ฎ⌮࠾ࡼࡧศᯒ 㸬 ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ 㸬㸬 ໬Ꮫศᯒࡢጇᙜᛶ 㸬㸬 ඲⢏Ꮚ୰ࡢ໬Ꮫᡂศࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝ 㸬㸬 ຍ⇕ㄪ⌮࡟ࡼࡾ᤼ฟࡉࢀࡿ 3$+V ࡢ⤌ᡂ 㸬㸬 ┤ⅆㄪ⌮ࡀ 3$+V ⏕ᡂ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪 㸬㸬 㣗ᮦࡢᡂศ⤌ᡂ࡜ຍ⇕ㄪ⌮࡟ࡼࡿ 3$+V ⏕ᡂࡢ㛵ಀ 㸬㸬 ㄪ⌮᤼Ẽ୰ࡢ 3$+V ࡢ೺ᗣࣜࢫࢡ 㸬㸬 ຍ⇕ㄪ⌮࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ᡂࡍࡿ 3$+V ࡢᣲື

㸬㸬 ㄪ⌮᤼Ẽ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ⢏Ꮚࡢ⢏ᚄศᕸ 㸬㸬 3$+V ࡢ⢏ᚄศᕸ

㸬 ࡲ࡜ࡵ

4

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸦➨ ❶㸧

➨㸲❶ ከ⎔ⰾ㤶᪘Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲ࡢ㛗㊥㞳㍺㏦࡟࠾ࡅࡿග໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡿኚ㉁㐣⛬ࡢゎ᫂

㸬 ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

㸬 ᐇ㦂 㸬㸬 ᑐ㇟≀㉁

㸬㸬 ヨ⸆

㸬㸬 ໬▼⇞ᩱࡢ⇞↝࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿ %D3 ࡜ %H3 ࡢࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢ 㸬㸬 89 ↷ᑕヨ㦂 㸬㸬 ኱Ẽヨᩱࡢ᥇ྲྀ

㸬㸬 ኱Ẽヨᩱࡢ๓ฎ⌮

㸬㸬  ᐃ 㸬 ⤖ᯝ 㸬㸬 ⇞↝࢞ࢫ୰ࡢ %D%%H3 ࠾ࡼࡧ %D3 ࡜ %H3 ࡢț&

㸬㸬 89 ↷ᑕヨ㦂 㸬㸬 ᯇỤ࡟࠾ࡅࡿほ ⤖ᯝ 㸬 ⪃ᐹ 㸬㸬 ග㓟໬ࡀ %D3 ࠾ࡼࡧ %H3 ࡢț& ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪 㸬㸬 ෤ᏘࡢᯇỤ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ %D3 ࡜ %H3 ࡢ᤼ฟ※

㸬 ࡲ࡜ࡵ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸦➨ ❶㸧

➨㸳❶ ኱Ẽ⎔ቃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫᡂศࡢືែ

㸬 ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

㸬 ᐇ㦂 㸬㸬 ᑐ㇟ᡂศ 㸬㸬 ヨ⸆

㸬㸬 ヨᩱ᥇ྲྀ

㸬㸬 ๓ฎ⌮

㸬㸬 ศᯒ 㸬 ⤖ᯝ 㸬㸬 㝆Ỉヨᩱ୰ࡢ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫᡂศࡢศᕸ 㸬㸬㸬 Q࢔ࣝ࢝ࣥ

㸬㸬㸬 8&0 Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲

㸬㸬㸬 ከ⎔ⰾ㤶᪘Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲

5

㸬㸬㸬 Q࢔ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ

㸬㸬㸬 ࢫࢸ࣮ࣟࣝ

㸬㸬 ࢚࢔ࣟࢰࣝヨᩱ୰ࡢ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫᡂศࡢศᕸ 㸬㸬㸬 Q࢔ࣝ࢝ࣥ

㸬㸬㸬 8&0 Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲

㸬㸬㸬 ከ⎔ⰾ㤶᪘Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲

㸬㸬㸬 Q࢔ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ

㸬㸬㸬 ࢫࢸ࣮ࣟࣝ

㸬 ⪃ᐹ 㸬㸬 㝆Ỉ୰ࡢ㝣※᭷ᶵ≀ࡢῶᑡ࡜ᾏὒ㉳※᭷ᶵ≀ࡢቑຍഴྥ

㸬㸬 ࢚࢔ࣟࢰࣝ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫᡂศࡢ⃰ᗘኚ໬ࡢ≉ᚩ 㸬㸬 ྠ᫬᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㝆Ỉ࠾ࡼࡧ࢚࢔ࣟࢰࣝヨᩱ୰ࡢ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫᡂศࡢ⤌ᡂࡢ㐪࠸

㸬 ࡲ࡜ࡵ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸦➨ ❶㸧

➨㸴❶ ⤖ㄒ

ㅰ㎡

ᴗ⦼ࣜࢫࢺ

6 㸯㸬⥴ゝ

ᆅ⌫ୖ࡟࠾࠸࡚⏕࿨ࡀㄌ⏕ࡋ࡚௨᮶㸪ே㢮ࢆྵࡴ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⏕≀ࡣᖖ࡟ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࣜࢫࢡ

࡟᫹ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࣜࢫࢡ࡬ࡢᑐᛂࡣ⏕࿨ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞άືࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ࡇࢀࡣ⌧௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㐍໬ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ே㢮ࡣࡑࡢᏑᅾࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸

ࡿ᭱ྂࡢ᫬௦㸦ᪧ▼ჾ᫬௦㸧࠿ࡽ᪤࡟ࣜࢫࢡᚷ㑊ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡺ࠼ே㢮ࡀㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࣜࢫ ࢡࡢ኱ᑠࡣ㸪ࡋࡤࡋࡤ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡟ᐃ㔞ࡉࢀࡿࣜࢫࢡ࡜኱ࡁ࡞஋㞳ࢆ⏕ࡌ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦Slovic, 1987;

Gardner, 2009㸧㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣜࢫࢡㄆ▱ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡣ㸪⌧௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㈝⏝ᑐຠᯝࡢప࠸ᨻ⟇

ࢆ࣑ࢫ࣮ࣜࢻࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢᘢᐖࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ㸬࡜ࡾࢃࡅ⎔ቃၥ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㈝⏝ᑐຠᯝࢆ↓

どࡋࡓ᝟⥴ⓗ࡞ᨻ⟇ࡀ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸㸬౛࠼ࡤ୰す㸦1995㸧ࡣ㸪1970ᖺ௦ࡢ࢝ࢭ࢖ࢯ࣮

ࢲ〇㐀࡟࠾ࡅࡿỈ㖟㦁ື࡜ࡑࡢᚋࡢᨻ⟇ⓗᑐᛂࢆㄪᰝࡋ㸪Ỉ㖟࡬ࡢ᝟⥴ⓗ࠿ࡘ㐣๫࡞᪋⟇

ࡀࣜࢫࢡపῶ࡟ᐤ୚ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᨻᗓ࡟㝈ࡽࡎ㸪⮬἞యࡸ࣓࣮࢝

࡞࡝㸪࠶ࡽࡺࡿᶵ㛵ࡢ㈨※࡟㝈ࡾࡀ࠶ࡿ௨ୖ㸪ࣜࢫࢡࢆຠᯝⓗ࡟పῶࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪⪃࠼࠺ࡿ

඲࡚ࡢࣜࢫࢡࡢ኱ᑠࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ᑐ⟇ࡢ㈝⏝ᑐຠᯝࢆホ౯ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢୖ࡛ඃඛᗘ ࡢ㧗࠸ၥ㢟࠿ࡽᑐ⟇ࢆㅮࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᮏㄽᩥࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡛࠶ࡿ኱Ẽ୰

࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ໬Ꮫ≀㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

኱Ẽ⎔ቃ୰࡟ࡣᩘከࡃࡢ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸸Simoneit and Mazurek, 1989㸧㸬኱Ẽ୰࡟ぢฟࡉࢀࡿ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࣉࣟࣃࣥࡸࣈࢱࣥ࡞࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㙐≧

Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲㸪࣋ࣥࢮࣥ㸪ࢺ࢚ࣝࣥ࡞࡝࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿⰾ㤶⎔ࢆࡶࡘⅣ໬Ỉ⣲㸦ⰾ㤶᪘Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲㸧

ࡸ㸪࣒࣍ࣝ࢔ࣝࢹࣄࢻ㸪࢔ࢭࢺ࢔ࣝࢹࣄࢻ࡞࡝࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿ࢔ࣝࢹࣄࢻ㢮㸦ศᏊෆ࡟CHO ᇶࢆࡶࡘࡶࡢ㸧㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࣃ࣑ࣝࢳࣥ㓟ࡸࢫࢸ࢔ࣜࣥ㓟࡜࠸ࡗࡓࣔࣀ࢝ࣝ࣎ࣥ㓟㸦ศᏊෆ

࡟COOHᇶࢆ1ࡘࡶࡘࡶࡢ㸧ࡸ㸪ࢠ㓟ࡸࣇ࣐ࣝ㓟࡞࡝ࡢࢪ࢝ࣝ࣎ࣥ㓟㸦ศᏊෆ࡟COOH ᇶࢆ2 ࡘࡶࡘࡶࡢ㸧㸪ሷ໬࣓ࢳࣝࡸ⮯໬࣓ࢳࣝ࡞࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ศᏊෆ࡟ࣁࣟࢤࣥඖ⣲ࢆࡶࡘ

ࣁࣟࢤࣥ໬≀࡞࡝㸪ከᒱ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ㸬

᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀ࡣࡑࡢ≀⌮໬Ꮫᛶ㉁ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡾ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ศ㢮࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡲࡓศ 㢮᪉ἲࡣ୍ࡘ࡟㝈ࡽ࡞࠸㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪๓㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ྛ໬ྜ≀ࡀ᭷ࡍࡿᐁ⬟ᇶ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪࢔ࣝࢹ

ࣄࢻ㢮㸪࢝ࣝ࣎ࣥ㓟࡞࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ศ㢮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏑᅾᙧែ

࡟ࡼࡾศ㢮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪኱Ẽ⎔ቃ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀ࡣ㸪ྛ໬ྜ≀

ࡢ⵨Ẽᅽࡢ࡯࠿㸪኱ẼࡢẼᅽࡸ ᗘ࡞࡝࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚㸪኱ࡁࡃ࢞ࢫ㸪࢚࢔ࣟࢰࣝ⢏Ꮚࡢ2ࡘ ࡢᙧែࢆ࡜ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛࢚࢔ࣟࢰࣝ⢏Ꮚ࡜ࡣ㸪኱Ẽ୰࡟ᾋ㐟ࡍࡿᚤᑠ⢏Ꮚࢆᣦࡋ㸪኱ࡁࡃᾮ య≧࡜ᅛయ≧ࡢࡶࡢ࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡿ㸬ୡ⏺ಖ೺ᶵ㛵㸦World Health Organization: WHO,

7

1989) ࡣ㸪᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀ࢆࡑࡢἛⅬ⠊ᅖ࡟ࡼࡾ㧗᥹Ⓨᛶ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀ (Very Volatile Organic Compounds: VVOCs, ἛⅬ⠊ᅖࡀịⅬୗ࠿ࡽ 50~100Υࡢࡶࡢ)㸪᥹Ⓨᛶ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀

(Volatile Organic Compounds: VOCs, ἛⅬ⠊ᅖࡀ50~100Υ࠿ࡽ240~260Υࡢࡶࡢ) 㸪༙

᥹Ⓨᛶ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀ (semi-Volatile Organic Compounds: SVOCs, ἛⅬ⠊ᅖࡀ240~260Υ

࠿ࡽ380~400Υࡢࡶࡢ)㸪⢏Ꮚ≧᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀ (Particulate Volatile Organic Compounds:

PVOCs, ἛⅬࡀ 380Υ௨ୖࡢࡶࡢ)ࡢ 4ࡘ࡟ศ㢮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡋࡓࡀ࠺࡜㸪ࣉࣟࣃࣥ

ࡸࣈࢱࣥ࡞࡝ࡣVVOCs࡟㸪࣋ࣥࢮࣥࡸࢺ࢚ࣝࣥ࡞࡝ࡣVOCs࡟㸪࣏ࣜሷ໬ࣅࣇ࢙ࢽࣝࡸ

ࢡࣟࣝࢹࣥ㸪ከࡃࡢከ⎔ⰾ㤶᪘Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲࡞࡝ࡣ SVOCs ࡟㸪㧗ศᏊࡢⅣ໬Ỉ⣲࡞࡝ࡣ

PVOCs ࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪Ỉ⁐ᛶ㸦ࡲࡓࡣ⬡⁐ᛶ㸧ࡢ⛬ᗘࡸ㸪⎔ቃ୰࡟

࠾ࡅࡿศゎᛶࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ࡼࡾศ㢮ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬௨ୖ࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀ࢆࡑࡢ

≀⌮໬Ꮫⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ศ㢮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀ࡢ኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

ືែࡸ㸪ࣄࢺࡸ⎔ቃ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿୖ࡛ᇶ♏ⓗ࡞᝟ሗࢆ୚࠼ࡿ㸬

኱Ẽ୰ࡢ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀ࡣ⎔ቃࡸࣄࢺࡢ೺ᗣ࡟ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࠺ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪⤯⦕

Ἔ࡜ࡋ࡚ୡ⏺ⓗ࡟኱㔞࡟⏕⏘㸪౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓ࣏ࣜሷ໬ࣅࣇ࢙ࢽࣝ㸦PCB㸧ࡣ㸪㞴ศゎᛶࡢࡓ

ࡵ⎔ቃ୰࡟ṧ␃ࡋࡸࡍࡃ㸪ࡑࡢ୍㒊ࡣ኱Ẽ⎔ቃࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚⏕≀యෆ࡟ࡶྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ㸪᭱⤊

ⓗ࡟࢖ࣝ࢝ࡸࢡࢪࣛ࡞࡝㣗≀㐃㙐ࡢ᭱ୖ఩࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿື≀యෆ࡟㧗ᗘ࡟⃰⦰ࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࡇ

࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Tanabe et al., 1993: Kannan et al., 1993: Kuehl et al., 1994; Borrel

et al., 1995㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪୺࡜ࡋ࡚໬▼⇞ᩱࡢ୙᏶඲⇞↝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ᡂ㸪኱Ẽ୰࡟ᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ

ከ⎔ⰾ㤶᪘Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲㸦PAHs㸧ࡣ㸪྾ᘬ࡟ࡼࡾ࿧྾ჾ⑌ᝈࡸ⫵⭘⒆࡞࡝ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ᝹ࢀ

ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸸Barfknecht, 1983㸧㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ኳ↛࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣே㛫άື࡟ࡼࡾᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ

࢔ࣝࢹࣄࢻ㢮ࡸప⣭⬡⫫㓟࡞࡝ࡢ᥹Ⓨᛶ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀㸦VOCs㸧ࡣ㸪኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿග໬Ꮫ

཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡾ㓟໬ࡉࢀ㸪⵨Ẽᅽࡢప࠸ࢪ࢝ࣝ࣎ࣥ㓟࡞࡝ࡀ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸦Grosjean and Friedlander, 1980; Grosjean, 1989㸧㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡣ ᚤ ᑠ ⢏ Ꮚ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᗈ ᇦ ࡟ ㍺ ㏦ ࡉ ࢀ 㸦Kawamura et al., 1995㸧㸪୍㒊ࡣ྾ᘬ࡟ࡼࡾࣄࢺࡢయෆ࡟౵ධࡋ㸪࿧྾ჾࡸ⫵➼࡟ᝏᙳ 㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦Ning and Sioutas, 2010㸧㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ໬Ꮫ

≀㉁ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢⓎ⏕࠿ࡽ኱Ẽ࡬ࡢ᤼ฟ㸪ᣑᩓ㸪⛣ື㸪ศゎ཯ᛂ㸪㝖ཤ➼ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪ࣄ

ࢺࡢ೺ᗣࡸ⎔ቃ࡟ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࠺ࡿ㸬

໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢ೺ᗣࡸ⎔ቃ࡬ࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎᙜヱ≀㉁ࡢ≀⌮໬Ꮫⓗ࡞ᛶ

㉁ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪⎔ቃ୰⃰ᗘࡸᏑᅾᙧែ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ᤼ฟ※࠿ࡽࡢᐤ୚㸪኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾

ࡅࡿ཯ᛂ㸪ᣑᩓ㸪⛣ື㸪㝖ཤ㐣⛬࡞࡝ࡢືែࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࣄࢺࡸື᳜≀࡬

ࡢ᭚㟢㔞ࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬೺ᗣࣜࢫࢡホ౯࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ୖグ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ࣛࢵࢺࡸ

8

࣐࢘ࢫ➼ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᭚㟢ヨ㦂࡟ࡼࡾ㸪᭷ᐖᛶࡢホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺㸬ࡼࡾලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᙜヱ≀㉁ࡢኚ

␗ཎᛶࡸⓎࡀࢇᛶࡢ᭷↓㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ㠀Ⓨࡀࢇᛶ⑌ᝈࡢㄏⓎྍ⬟ᛶࡢ᭷↓ࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡍ

ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪↓ẘᛶ㔞㸦㸻㜈್㸸㠀Ⓨࡀࢇᛶ⑌ᝈࡢሙྜ㸧ࡸࣘࢽࢵࢺࣜࢫࢡ㸦Ⓨ

ࡀࢇᛶ≀㉁ࡢሙྜ㸸ᙜヱ≀㉁ࡢ༢఩᭚㟢㔞ᙜࡓࡾࡢⓎࡀࢇ☜⋡㸧㸪ࢫ࣮ࣟࣉࣇ࢓ࢡࢱ㸦ᙜ ヱ≀㉁ࡢ༢఩᭚㟢㔞ቑຍᙜࡓࡾࡢ⑌ᝈቑຍ⋡㸧ࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ㸬ᐇ㦂ື≀ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓヨ㦂࡟ࡼࡾ

ᚓࡓࡇࢀࡽࡢ್ࢆࣄࢺ࡟እᤄࡋ࡚㸪ࡉࡽ࡟✀㛫ࡢ┦㐪࡟ࡼࡿᏳ඲⋡㸦㏻ᖖࡣ10ಸ㸧ࡸࣄ

ࢺࡢឤཷᛶࡢᕪ࡟ࡼࡿᏳ඲⋡㸦㏻ᖖࡣ10 ಸ㸧ࢆ᥃ࡅྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ᙜヱ

≀㉁ࡢࣄࢺ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡࡀホ౯ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽ୍㐃ࡢホ౯㐣⛬ࡢ࡝ࡢ㒊ศࡀḞⴠࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪

ࣜࢫࢡホ౯⤖ᯝ࡟㔜኱࡞୙☜ᐇᛶࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸㸬୙☜ᐇᛶࡢ㧗࠸ࣜࢫࢡホ౯⤖ᯝࡣ㸪

ࣜࢫࢡࢆ㐣኱࡞࠸ࡋ㐣ᑠ࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆቑ኱ࡉࡏ㸪ࡑࡢᖐ⤖࡜ࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡞ࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮

ࢆ㜼ࡴᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࣜࢫࢡホ౯࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛Ḟዴࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪࡞࠸ࡋ୙

༑ศ࡞Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ṇࡋ࠸᝟ሗࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ホ౯ࡢ୙☜ᐇᛶࢆ⦆࿴ࡋ㸪᭷ຠ࡞ࣜࢫࢡᑐ⟇

ࢆㅮࡌࡿୖ࡛ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

⎔ቃ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢືែࡣ㸪໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢᛶ㉁ࡸⓎ⏕※࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡾ㸪 ࡑࡢᚲ↛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ྛ㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ೺ᗣ࣭⎔ቃࣜࢫࢡࡢ኱ᑠࡸᛶ㉁ࡶ໬Ꮫ≀㉁࡟ࡼࡗ࡚኱ࡁ ࡃ␗࡞ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪௨ୗ࡟㏙࡭ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡽືែࡢ୍㒊ࡣゎ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪ࡑࡢ ヲ⣽ࡀ࠸ࡲࡔ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡀ࣎ࢺࣝࢿࢵࢡ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚᭷ຠ࡞⎔ቃ

ࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࢆጉࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࢆຠᯝⓗ࡟⾜

࠺࡟ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ୍㐃ࡢືែࢆ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡈ࡜࡟ᢕᥱࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪࣎ࢺࣝࢿࢵࢡࢆゎᾘࡍࡿࡇ࡜

ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪኱Ẽ୰࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫᡂศࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ẘᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪ࣄࢺࡢ೺ᗣࡸ⎔ቃ࡟

⏒኱࡞ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࠺ࡿ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡀከࡃศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿ༙᥹Ⓨᛶ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀(SVOCs)࡟╔

┠ࡍࡿ㸬༙᥹Ⓨᛶ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿ໬ྜ≀࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪PAHs㸪PCB㸪ࢲ࢖࢜࢟ࢩࣥ

㢮㸪࣊࢟ࢧࢡࣟࣟ࣋ࣥࢮࣥ㸪DDT ࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪௦⾲ⓗ࡞

༙᥹Ⓨᛶ᭷ᶵ኱Ẽởᰁ≀㉁࡜ࡋ࡚㸪໬▼⇞ᩱࡸ㣗ᮦ㸪ᮌᮦ➼ࡢ୙᏶඲⇞↝࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ᡂࡋ㸪

୍㒊࡟ࡣኚ␗ཎᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿPAHsࢆ୺ࡓࡿࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿ㸬࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪 ᚋ㏙ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࣄࢺࡣ⮬ື㌴᤼࢞ࢫࡸㄪ⌮᤼Ẽ➼ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚᪥ᖖⓗ࡟PAHs࡟᭚㟢ࡉࢀ࡚

࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡑࡢᐇែࡢヲ⣽ࡣ࠸ࡲࡔゎ᫂ࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡣゝ࠼ࡎ㸪ࡇࢀࡀPAHsࡢຠᯝⓗ࡞ࣜ

ࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࢆጉࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢ୍㒊࡛ࡣ㸪PAHs࡜≀⌮

໬Ꮫᛶ࡞ᛶ㉁ࡀ㢮ఝࡍࡿᡂศࡸ㸪PAHsࡢ⎔ቃືែࢆ▱ࡿୖ࡛᭷┈࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿᡂศࡶᑐ

㇟࡜ࡍࡿ㸬࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ➨୍࡟㸪≀⌮໬Ꮫⓗᛶ㉁ࡀ㢮ఝࡍࡿᡂศࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࢆศ㞳ࡍࡿࡇ࡜

9

ࡀᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡋࡤࡋࡤྠ᫬࡟᳨ฟࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࢀࡀࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࡢᚲせᛶࡢ࠶ࡿᡂศ ࡢሙྜ㸪ྠ᫬࡟ィ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡼࡾຠᯝⓗ࡞ࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࡀᐇ⌧ࡋ࠺ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ➨

஧࡟㸪≀⌮໬Ꮫⓗᛶ㉁ࡀ㢮ఝࡍࡿᡂศࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤᙜヱ≀㉁㸦ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣPAHs㸧ࡢ ᐃࢆ

ጉᐖࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ศᯒ࡟ඛ❧ࡕศ㞳ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ⏕ࡌ࠺ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᙜヱ≀㉁ࡢศ㞳࣭ ᐃ ᢏ⾡ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪 ᐃጉᐖᡂศࡢศ㞳࣭ ᐃᢏ⾡ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ㸬ຍ

࠼࡚➨୕࡟㸪PAHs௨እࡢᡂศࡢ⃰ᗘࡸ⤌ᡂࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪PAHsࡢ᤼ฟ※ࡸ኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾

ࡅࡿືែ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡼࡾヲ⣽࡞᝟ሗࢆᘬࡁฟࡏࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲ࡢ୍㒊࡛ࡣ㸪 PAHs࡜≀⌮໬Ꮫⓗᛶ㉁ࡀ㏆ࡋࡃ㸪⎔ቃࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࡢᚲせᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ᭷ᶵ኱Ẽ ởᰁ≀㉁ࡸ㸪PAHsࡢ⎔ቃືែࢆ▱ࡿୖ࡛᭷┈࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫᡂศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᑐ㇟

࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪๓⪅ࡣPCBࢆ㸪ᚋ⪅࡛ࡣ┤㙐Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲㸪┤㙐࢔ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ㢮㸪ࢫࢸ

࣮ࣟࣝ㢮࡞࡝ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ඲యᴫ␎ࢆFig. 1. 1࡟♧ࡍ㸬௨ୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪 ࡇࢀࡽࡢ≀㉁࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲ືྥࢆᴫほࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪᭷ຠ࡞⎔ቃࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࢆ

⾜࠺ୖ࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ࡭ࡁㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬

㸯㸬㸯 ௦⾲ⓗ࡞᭷ᶵ኱Ẽởᰁ≀㉁ࡢືែ◊✲࡜ㄢ㢟

㸯㸬㸯㸬㸯 ከ⎔ⰾ㤶᪘Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲㸦3$+V㸧

PAHs ࡜ࡣ࣋ࣥࢮࣥ⎔ࡀ 2 ࡘ௨ୖ⦰㔜ྜࡋࡓ໬ྜ≀ࡢ⥲⛠࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪୺࡞

PAHsࡢᵓ㐀ࢆFig. 1.2࡟♧ࡍ㸬PAHsࡣⅣ⣲ࢆྵࡴᮦᩱࡢ୙᏶඲⇞↝࡞࠸ࡋ⇕ศゎ࡟ࡼ

ࡾ⏕ᡂࡍࡿ(౛࠼ࡤ㸸Sroge, 2007)㸬ࡲࡓ㸪PAHsࡣࡍࡍࡢ๓㥑≀㉁࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬PAHsࡣ⌮

ㄽୖ㸪ከࡃࡢᵓ㐀␗ᛶయࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㸬㏆ᖺ㸪⎔ቃ୰࡟ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ100௨ୖࡢPAHsࡀᏑᅾ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ(Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,

1996)㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⎔ቃ୰࡟ࡣPAHsࡢ࣋ࣥࢮࣥ⎔ࡢỈ⣲ࡀࢽࢺࣟᇶࡸ࢔ࣝ࢟ࣝᇶ࡞࡝࡟⨨᥮

ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡸ㸪㓟໬≀࡞࡝ࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬࡜ࡾࢃࡅࢽࢺࣟᇶ࡛⨨᥮ࡉࢀࡓPAHs(ࢽࢺࣟ࢔ࣞ

࣮ࣥ)ࡣ㸪⎔ቃ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏑᅾ㔞ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪ẘᛶࡀ㧗࠸(Tokiwa and Ohnishi, 1986)㸬

⎔ቃ୰࡟ከࡃぢฟࡉࢀࡿ୺࡞PAHsࡢ≀ᛶࢆTable 1.1࡟♧ࡍ㸬ྠ⾲ࡼࡾ㸪PAHsࡣศ Ꮚ㔞ࡢቑ኱࡜࡜ࡶ࡟⵨Ẽᅽࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓἛⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪2⎔㸦࣋ࣥࢮࣥ⎔2ࡘ㸧ᵓ 㐀ࡢࢼࣇࢱࣞࣥࡣ218Υ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡣWHO(1989)ࡢᐃ⩏࡟ࡋࡓࡀ࠼ࡤ᥹Ⓨᛶ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ

≀(VOCs)࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋࢼࣇࢱࣞࣥ௨እࡢ PAHs ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶἛⅬࡀ 270Υࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠾ࡾ㸪༙᥹Ⓨᛶ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀(SVOCs)࡞࠸ࡋ㞴᥹Ⓨᛶ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀ

ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿPAHsࡣ㸪ࢼࣇࢱࣞࣥ࡞࡝୍㒊ࡢపศᏊᡂศࡣ࢞ࢫ≧

10

M a jo r em issi o n so ur ce s o f a tm o sphe ri c P A H s

Combustionplants Thermal cooking Volcanos

Biomass combustion

Cokeoven

Lack of high time- resolution analytical method for PAHs in nano-particles prevents to clarify the risk of diesel exhaust.

Concentration, distribution, behavior, health risks and control technologies are not well-known. Chapter2Chapter3 Lack of simple, rapid and low-cost analytical method for PCB prevents to clarify the contribution of PCB from the emission sources.

ClxCly Chapter2

Emissionsources ofatmospheric PCB

In t h e a tm o sphe re

Photochemical reactionofPAHs Scavenging of non-polar organic compounds such as PAHs in aerosols by rains has not been clarified yet. Scavenging by rains is the important process to understand the behavior of organic compounds in aerosols. Chapter5

Scavengingaerosols byrains

cloud rain

UV radiation

Focusofthisstudyforeffectivereducingandmanaginghealth/environmentalriskoforganicpollutants Lack of suitable measurement method

Fo cu s o f th is s tu d y

Emission

11

࡛Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ๭ྜࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟㧗࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪㧗ศᏊ࡟࡞ࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚࢞ࢫ≧࡛Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ๭ྜࡣప ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ከࡃࡣ⢏Ꮚ≧≀㉁࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬

Fig. 1.2 Chemical structure of major PAHs

ᅜ㝿ࡀࢇ◊✲ᶵ㛵(International Agency for Research for Cancer, IARC)ࡣPAHsࡢⓎࡀ

ࢇᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪PAHs ࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿ࣋ࣥࢰ[a]ࣆࣞࣥࡣࠕࣄࢺ

࡬ࡢⓎࡀࢇᛶ࠶ࡾ(Group 1)ࠖ࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡯࠿㸪࣋ࣥࢰ[b]ࣇࣝ࢜ࣛࣥࢸࣥ㸪࣋ࣥࢰ[k]

ࣇࣝ࢜ࣛࣥࢸࣥ࡞࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠕࣄࢺ࡬ࡢⓎࡀࢇᛶࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࠶ࡾ(Group 2B)ࠖ࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀ࡚

Naphthalene C₁₀H₈

Anthracene C₁₄H₁₀ Acenaphthylene

C₁₂H₈

Phenanthrene C₁₄H₁₀

Pyrene C₁₆H₁₀

Chrysene C₁₆H₁₀

Benzo[a]pyrene C₂₀H₁₂

Benzo[e]pyrene C₂₀H₁₂

Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene C₂₂H₁₄

Coronene C₂₄H₁₂

12

࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶከ࠸㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕPAHsࡢከࡃࡣⓎࡀࢇᛶࡀ␲ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ྛPAHsࡢẘ ᛶ ࡢ ᙉ ࡉ ࢆ ࣋ ࣥ ࢰ[a]ࣆ ࣞ ࣥ ࡢ ẘ ᛶ ᙜ 㔞 ࡟ ᥮ ⟬ ࡍ ࡿ ಀ ᩘ 㸦 ẘ ᛶ ᙜ 㔞 ಀ ᩘ 㸸Toxicity Equivalence Factor, TEF㸧ࡣ㸪PAHs࡟ࡼࡾ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ᴫࡋ࡚࣋ࣥࢮࣥ⎔ࢆ4ࡘ௨ୖ

ࡶࡘ(4 ⎔௨ୖࡢ)PAHs ࡢ᪉ࡀపศᏊࡢ PAHs ࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸ẘᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ

(Nisbet and Lagoy, 1992㸸Table 1.1ཧ↷)㸬௨ୖࡼࡾ㸪PAHsࡣⓎࡀࢇᛶࡀ␲ࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢࡀ ከࡃ㸪ࡲࡓPAHsࡢẘᛶࡣ≀㉁࡟ࡼࡗ࡚኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᴫࡋ࡚ศᏊ㔞ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪 ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⢏Ꮚ≧≀㉁࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡯࡝㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚኱Ẽ୰࡟Ꮡ ᅾࡍࡿ PAHs ࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪࢞ࢫ≧ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ⢏Ꮚ≧≀㉁࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ

PAHsࡢ⃰ᗘࡸ⤌ᡂࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

Table 1.1 Physical properties of major PAHs

Compounds Chemical

formula

Molecular weight

Boiling point [䉝]

Vapor pressure

at 25䉝 [Pa] TEF¹⁾ Nunber of ring Polycyclic armotic hydrocarbons (PAH)

Naphthalene C10H8 128.17 218 10.9 0.001 2

Acenaphthylene C12H8 152.2 270 3.9²⁾ 0.001 3

Acenaphthene C12H10 154.21 279 0.596 0.001 3

Fluorene C13H10 166.22 294 0.0886 0.001 3

Phenanthrene C14H10 178.23 338 0.018 0.001 3

Anthracene C14H10 178.23 340 7.5E-04 0.01 3

Fluoranthene C16H10 202.26 383 6.7E-04 0.001 4

Pyrene C16H10 202.26 393 7.2E-04 0.001 4

Benz[a]anthracene C18H12 228.29 425 7.3E-06 0.1 4

Chrysene C18H12 228.29 431 5.7E-07 0.01 4

Benzo[b]fluoranthene C20H12 252.31 ND³⁾ 6.7E-05 0.1 5

Benzo[k]fluoranthene C20H12 252.31 480 1.3E-08 0.1 5

Benzo[e]pyrene C20H12 252.31 493 4.0E-07 - 5

Benzo[a]pyrene C20H12 252.31 496 8.4E-07 1 5

Perylene C20H12 252.31 497 ND³⁾ - 5

Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene C22H12 276.34 530 1.0E-11 0.1 6

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene C22H14 278.35 535 3.7E-10 5 5

Benzo[ghi]perylene C22H12 276.34 542 6.0E-08 0.01 6

Coronene C24H12 300.36 590 5.0E-11 - 7

1)Toxicity Equivalence Factor; Nisbet et al. (1992) 2) at 20䉝

3)No data

13

኱Ẽ୰࡟ᏑᅾࡍࡿPAHsࡢືែࡢᴫ␎ࢆ♧ࡋࡓFig. 1.1ࡼࡾ㸪኱Ẽ୰PAHsࡢ୺࡞᤼ฟ

※ࡣ໬▼⇞ᩱࡢ୙᏶඲⇞↝࡟࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ୍᪉㸪㣗ᮦࡢຍ⇕࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ⏕ᡂࡋ㸪኱Ẽ

୰࡟᤼ฟࡉࢀࡿ㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸸Rogge et al., 1991㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ே㢮ࡀⅆࢆ⏝࠸࡚㣗ᮦࢆㄪ⌮ࡍࡿ

ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚௨㝆㸪኱Ẽ୰࡟ PAHs ࢆ᤼ฟࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㔝↝ࡁࡸ

ᒣⅆ஦࡞࡝ᮌᮦ➼ࡢࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫࡢ⇞↝(Masclet et al., 1995; Zamperlini et al., 1997;

Lemieux et al., 2004)ࡸ㸪ⅆᒣࡢᄇⅆ㸦Zolotov and Shock, 2000㸧࡞࡝࠿ࡽࡶPAHsࡀ᤼

ฟࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௨ୖ࠿ࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ࡼ࠺࡟㸪PAHsࡣ㠀ពᅗⓗ࡟⏕ᡂࡋ㸪኱Ẽ

୰࡟᤼ฟࡉࢀࡿ≀㉁࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ᤼ฟ※ࡣேⅭⓗ࡞㉳※ࡀ୺࡛࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪ⅆᒣ࡞࡝ࡢ⮬

↛࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬

ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ໬▼⇞ᩱࡢ୙᏶඲⇞↝࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿ PAHs ࡢ᤼ฟ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪୺せ࡞᤼ฟ※࡜⪃

࠼ࡽࢀࡿ⛣ືⓎ⏕※㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝ᤼࢞ࢫࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪ࡑࡢ⤌ᡂࡸ᤼ฟ㸪⏕ᡂ㐣⛬➼

࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪᪤࡟ከࡃࡢ▱ぢࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸸Scheepers and Bos, 1992; Lee et al., 1995;

Fernandes and Brooks, 2003; Okuda et al., 2003; McDonald et al., 2004; Lim et al., 2005; Ravindra et al., 2008. ࡯࠿ከᩘ㸧㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪」ᩘࡢ᤼ฟ※࠿ࡽࡢPAHsࡢ᤼ฟ࡟ࡘ࠸

࡚ࣞࣅ࣮ࣗࡋࡓRavindra et al. (2008)࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࢹ࢕࣮ࢮ࢚ࣝࣥࢪࣥ࠿ࡽࡢ㉮⾜㊥㞳ᙜࡓ

ࡾࡢPAHs᤼ฟ⋡ࡣ኱ᆺࡢࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝࢺࣛࢵࢡ࡛240s60.2 g km^-1㸪ᾘ㈝⇞ᩱᙜࡓࡾ࡛ࡣ 14.3 g kg^-1࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Lee et al. (1995)ࡣ㸪⛣ືⓎ⏕※⏤᮶ࡢPAHs࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪

⢏Ꮚ≧≀㉁࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ࣋ࣥࢰ[a]ࣆࣞࣥࡸ࣋ࣥࢰ[e]ࣆࣞࣥ㸪࣋ࣥࢰ[k]ࣇࣝ࢜ࣛࣥࢸࣥ࡞࡝㸪4

⎔࠿ࡽ5⎔ࡢẚ㍑ⓗศᏊ㔞ࡢ኱ࡁ࠸PAHsࡀᨭ㓄ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ୍᪉㸪࢞ࢫ≧PAHsࡢ኱㒊ศࡣ ࢼࣇࢱ࡛ࣞࣥ࠶ࡿ࡜ሗ࿌ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪PAHsࡢ᤼ฟ⤌ᡂࡣ᤼ฟ※࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ

࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪౛࠼ࡤࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࣇࣝ࢜ࣞࣥ/(ࣇࣝ࢜ࣞࣥ+ࣆࣞࣥ)ࡸ㸪࣋ࣥ

ࢰ[b]ࣇࣝ࢜ࣛࣥࢸࣥ/࣋ࣥࢰ[k]ࣇࣝ࢜ࣛࣥࢸࣥࡀ>0.5 ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ᤼ฟ※ࡢ ᥎ᐃࡶᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Ravindra et al., 2008)㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝ㌴࠿ࡽࡢPAHsࡢ᤼ฟ⃰

ᗘࡣ㸪࢔࢖ࢻࣜࣥࢢ᫬ࡸຍ㏿࣭ῶ㏿᫬࡟㧗ࡃ㸪ᐃ㏿㐠㌿᫬࡟ࡣపࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞

ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ(Kinsey et al., 2007; Borrás et al., 2009 )㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝ᤼࢞ࢫ୰ࡢPAHs

࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㍍Ἔ୰࡟ΰධࡍࡿ₶⁥Ἔࡀ PAHs ࡢ⏕ᡂࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸪࠾ࡼࡧ㸪ࡑࡢ᫬ࡢ PAHsࡢ⤌ᡂࡣ₶⁥Ἔࡢΰධ๭ྜ࡜ࡣ㛵㐃ᛶࡀ࡞࠸୍᪉࡛㸪⇞↝ ᗘ࡜⏕ᡂࡍࡿPAHsࡢⅣ

⣲ᩘࡢ㛫࡟ࡣṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Kobayashi et al., 2006; Hayashida et al., 2006)㸬

୍᪉࡛㸪㏆ᖺࡢ ᐃᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝ᤼࢞ࢫ୰ࡢ PAHs ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⢏ᚄ

100 nmࢆୗᅇࡿࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ୰࡟PAHsࡢከࡃࡀ⃰⦰ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦౛࠼

14

ࡤ㸸Wichmann, 2007㸧㸬ࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝ᤼࢞ࢫ୰ࡢ⢏Ꮚࡢ⢏ᚄศᕸࢆFig. 1.3࡟♧ࡍ㸬ࢹ࢕࣮

ࢮࣝ⢏Ꮚࡣ⢏ᚄᩘ nm࠿ࡽ10 mࡢ࣮࢜ࢲ࣮ࡲ࡛ᗈࡃศᕸࡍࡿ㸬⢏Ꮚࡣ㸪኱Ẽ୰ᣲືࡸ

೺ᗣᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡘ࠿࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿ㸬᭱ࡶཷᐜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿศ㢮ἲࡢ୍ࡘ࡟㸪ᴫࡡ⢏ᚄ 100 nmࢆୗᅇࡿ⢏Ꮚࢆ᰾⏕ᡂ࣮ࣔࢻ (nuclei mode)㸪⢏ᚄ100 nm࠿ࡽᩘ m⛬ᗘࡲ࡛

ࡢ⢏Ꮚࢆ⵳✚࣮ࣔࢻ(accumulation mode)㸪ࡑࢀ௨ୖࢆ⢒኱⢏Ꮚ࣮ࣔࢻ(coarse mode)࡜ࡍ

ࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦࡞࠾㸪஫࠸ࡢቃ⏺ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ᫂☜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸧㸬ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ᰾⏕ᡂ࣮ࣔࢻࡢ⢏

Ꮚࡣ㸪኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾࠸࡚஫࠸࡟จ㞟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⵳✚࣮ࣔࢻࡢ⢏Ꮚ࡟ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿ࡯࠿㸪㞵⁲࡟ᣑ ᩓࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪᰾⏕ᡂ࣮ࣔࢻ⢏Ꮚࡢ኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ༙ῶᮇࡣ㸪ᩘศ࠿ࡽᩘ᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

୍᪉㸪⢒኱⢏Ꮚ࣮ࣔࢻࡢ⢏Ꮚࡣ㔜ຊỿ㝆࡟ࡼࡾ኱Ẽ୰࠿ࡽ㝖ཤࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾ࡅ

ࡿ༙ῶᮇࡣ᰾⏕ᡂ࣮ࣔࢻ⢏Ꮚ࡜ྠࡌࡃ㸪ᩘศ࠿ࡽᩘ᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⵳✚࣮ࣔࢻ ࡢ⢏Ꮚࡣ㸪㔜ຊỿ㝆ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡙ࡽࡃ㸪኱Ẽ୰࡟ᩘ᪥࠿ࡽᩘ㐌㛫ࡣ␃ࡍࡿ㸦Wilson and Suh, 1997㸧㸬ࡇࢀ௨እࡢศ㢮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪⢏ᚄ100 nmࢆୗᅇࡿ⢏Ꮚࢆ㉸ᚤᑠ⢏Ꮚ(ultrafine particle)㸪⢏ᚄ50 nmࢆୗᅇࡿ⢏Ꮚࢆࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ(nanoparticle)㸪⢏ᚄ2.5 mࢆୗᅇࡿ⢏

Ꮚࢆᚤᑠ⢏Ꮚ(fine particle)࡞࠸ࡋPM2.5㸪⢏ᚄ10 mࢆୗᅇࡿ⢏ᏊࢆPM10࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡶ

࠶ࡿ(Fig. 1.3)㸬

Fig. 1.3 Diesel engine exhaust size distribution (Created based on Kittelson, 1998)

Fig. 1.3ࡼࡾࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝ᤼࢞ࢫ࡞࡝໬▼⇞ᩱࡢ⇞↝࠿ࡽ᤼ฟࡉࢀࡿ⢏Ꮚࡣ㸪ಶᩘ⃰ᗘ࡜

ࡋ࡚ࡣ9๭௨ୖࢆࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚࡀ༨ࡵࡿ㸦Kittelson, 1998㸧㸬ࢼࣀ⢏ᏊࡣẼ㐨ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚ࣄࢺ ࡢయෆ῝㒊࡟฿㐩ࡋ࠺ࡿ㸬࡜ࡾࢃࡅࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ௨ୖࡢᚄࡢ⢏Ꮚ࡜␗࡞ࡾ㸪⫵⬊ࢆ㏻

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

Nanoparticles Dp <50nm

Fineparticles Dp <2.5m Nuclei

mode

Accumulation mode

Coarsemode

Diameter[m]

Number weighting

Mass weighting

Normalizedconcentration[dC/dlogDp]

15

㐣㸪ࣜࣥࣃ⠇➼ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ಶࠎࡢ⣽⬊࡟ࡲ࡛฿㐩ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

㸦Sterns et al., 1994; ᒾ஭㸪2000㸧ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢヲ⣽ࡣゎ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ຍ࠼࡚ࢹ࢕࣮ࢮ

ࣝࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ⾲㠃࡟ࡣPAHsࡀ㧗ᗘ࡟⃰⦰ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦Phuleria et al., 2006㸧㸪ࡑࡢ᭚㟢࡟

ࡼࡿ೺ᗣᙳ㡪ࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ヲ⣽ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚࡢࣄࢺ࡬ࡢᙳ 㡪ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚࡢ೺ᗣᙳ㡪ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ ࡢⓎ⏕ᐇែࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬≉࡟㸪㠀ពᅗⓗ࡟⏕ᡂ㸪᤼ฟࡉࢀࡿࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝ᤼࢞ࢫ

୰ࡢࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㐨㊰㏆ഐ࡞࡝࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣄࢺ࡬ࡢ᭚㟢ࡀከ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿

ࡽ㸪໬Ꮫᡂศ⤌ᡂࢆྵࡵ࡚ࡑࡢヲ⣽ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿ㸬ຍ࠼࡚㸪ࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝ

᤼࢞ࢫ୰ࡢPAHs࡞࡝ࡢ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡣ㸪㐠㌿᮲௳࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ㔞ࡸ⤌ᡂ㸪⢏ᚄศᕸࡀኚ

ືࡍࡿ㸦Dobbions, 2007㸧㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ୰ࡢPAHsࢆ㐺ษ࡟ホ౯㸪

⟶⌮ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪᫬㛫ศゎ⬟ࡢ㧗࠸ ᐃᢏ⾡ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᢏ⾡

ࡣ࠸ࡲࡔ㛤Ⓨ㏵ୖ࡟࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ୰ࡢ໬Ꮫᡂศ㸪≉࡟PAHsࢆ㧗࠸᫬㛫ศゎ

⬟࡛ ᐃࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪Ⓨ⏕※࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࡀⴭࡋࡃྥୖࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶

ࡿ㸬

ࡲࡓ㸪ຍ⇕ㄪ⌮࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿPAHs࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ⓨ⏕※ࡢࡈࡃ㏆ഐ࡟࠸ࡿㄪ⌮⪅࡬

ࡢ᭚㟢ࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿ࡯࠿㸪኱Ẽ⎔ቃ࡬ࡢᐤ୚ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿㸪㣗ᮦࡢຍ⇕ㄪ⌮࡟

ࡼࡾ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿPAHsࡣ㸪ྎ‴࡟࠾࠸࡚⮬ື㌴᤼࢞ࢫ࡟༉ᩛࡍࡿ㔞ࢆ኱Ẽ୰࡟᤼ฟࡍࡿ࡜

᥎ィࡉࢀࡓ㸦Li et al., 2004㸧㸬ࡲࡓ໭ிࡸୖᾏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ຍ⇕ㄪ⌮ࡣ኱Ẽ୰࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ

PAHsࡢ୺せ࡞Ⓨ⏕※ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Jiang et al., 2009㸧㸬ࡉࡽ࡟すḢ

࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᐙᗞ࠿ࡽࡢPAHs᤼ฟࡣ඲PAHs᤼ฟ㔞ࡢ30.8%ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ୍㒊ࡣ ຍ⇕ㄪ⌮࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Ravindra et al., 2008)㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᡃ ࡀᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡑࡢᐇែࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬ຍ࠼࡚㸪㣗ᮦࡸㄪ⌮᪉ἲࡢ㐪࠸ࡀPAHsࡢ⏕

ᡂ㔞ࡸ⤌ᡂ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ⢏ᚄศᕸ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡶ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿ㸬ㄪ⌮᤼ẼࡣⓎ⏕※ࡢࡈࡃ㏆ഐ

࡟࠸ࡿㄪ⌮⪅ࡀ᪥ᖖⓗ࡟᫹ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡑࡢࣜࢫࢡࡣᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ᢕᥱࡉࢀ࡚࠾

ࡽࡎ㸪㐺ษ࡟⟶⌮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ຍ⇕ㄪ⌮࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿPAHs࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑ ࡢⓎ⏕ᐇែࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪PAHsࡢࣄࢺ࡬ࡢ೺ᗣࣜࢫࢡࢆ㐺ษ࡟ホ౯ࡋ㸪ࡼࡾຠᯝⓗ

࡞ࣜࢫࢡపῶ᪉⟇ࢆ❧᱌ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡶ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

Ⓨ⏕※࡟࠾࠸࡚⏕ᡂࡋࡓPAHsࡣ㸪௚ࡢ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫᡂศ࡜ྠᵝ㸪ពᅗⓗ࡞࠸ࡋ㠀ពᅗⓗ࡟

኱Ẽ୰࡟ᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡣ࢞ࢫ㸪࣑ࢫࢺ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⢏Ꮚ≧≀㉁࡞࡝ࡢᙧែࢆ࡜ࡾ࡞ࡀ

ࡽ㸪୍㒊ࡣ኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾࠸࡚ග໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿኚ㉁㐣⛬ࢆ⤒ࡘࡘ㸪ᗈᇦ࡟㍺㏦ࡉࢀ

ࡿ㸬࡜ࡾࢃࡅ࢞ࢫᡂศࡸPM2.5࡟྾╔ࡍࡿPAHsࡣ㸪㔜ຊỿ㝆ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ᅜ

16

ቃࢆ㉺࠼࡚㛗㊥㞳㍺㏦ࡉࢀ࠺ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪୰ᅜ኱㝣ࢆ㉳※࡜ࡍࡿPM2.5ࡣ㸪໭すᏘ⠇㢼ࡸ

೫す㢼࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᮾࢩࢼᾏࡸ᪥ᮏᾏࢆΏࡾ㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡟㣕᮶ࡋ࡚ỿ╔ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚

࠸ࡿ㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸸Hatakeyama et al., 2004㸧㸬୰ᅜࡼࡾ㣕᮶ࡍࡿPM2.5࡟ࡣ㸪㔜㔠ᒓ➼ࡢ↓

ᶵᡂศࡢ࡯࠿࡟㸪PAHs࡞࡝ࡢ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫᡂศࡶ௜╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㍺㏦ᐇែࡢ ヲ⣽ࡸ㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡬ࡢᐤ୚ࡢ๭ྜࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬㛗㊥㞳㍺㏦㐣⛬࡛ࡣ㸪ඹᏑࡍࡿ࢜ࢰࣥ

ࡸග↷ᑕ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾ✀ࠎࡢ཯ᛂࡀ㐍⾜ࡋ㸪Ⓨ⏕※࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≀㉁⤌ᡂࡸᏳᐃྠ఩యẚ࡞࡝ࡀ

኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋ࠺ࡿ㸦㓇஭㸪ᯇஂ㸪1996㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡣูࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤ㸪≀㉁⤌ᡂࡸᏳᐃྠ

఩యẚ࡞࡝ࡢኚ໬ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡑࡢᡂศࡢ㉳※ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋ࠺ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ㸬

౛࠼ࡤ㸪Tsunogai et al.(1999)ࡣ㸪໭ኴᖹὒୖ࡛኱Ẽ୰ࡢC2-C5ࡢⅣ໬Ỉ⣲࠾ࡼࡧሷ໬࣓

ࢳࣝࡢⅣ⣲ྠ఩యẚ㸦¹³C/¹²C㸧ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㉳※ࡸ኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ཯ᛂࢆ

᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪኱Ẽ୰࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫᡂศࡢ㉳※ࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ

ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫᡂศࡢ኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿᣲືࢆ▱ࡿᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡟࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪᭷

ຠ࡞Ⓨ⏕※ᑐ⟇ࢆ᪋ࡍୖ࡛ࡶᚲせ࡞▱ぢࢆ୚࠼ࡿ㸬ᡃࡀᅜࡢ኱Ẽ୰࡟ᏑᅾࡍࡿPAHs ࡣ㸪 ࡑࡢ୍㒊ࡀ୰ᅜ኱㝣ࢆ㉳※࡜ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ୰ᅜ኱㝣࡜ᡃࡀᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྠ

᫬ほ ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡞࡝࠿ࡽࡶᨭᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Inomata et al., 2012㸧㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢヲ⣽ࡣ࠸

ࡲࡔ୙᫂☜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ⅳ⣲Ᏻᐃྠ఩యẚࢆゎᯒࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪PAHsࡢࣜࢫࢡ

⟶⌮ࢆ⾜࠺࡟࠶ࡓࡾ㸪㔜せ࡞▱ぢࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬

௨ୖ࡛ᴫほࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪PAHs࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪➨୍࡟ࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ୰ࡢPAHsࢆ㧗

࠸᫬㛫ศゎ⬟࡛ ᐃࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ୖࡢࣈࣞ࢖ࢡࢫ࣮ࣝ࡜࡞ࡾ࠺

ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᐇែࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓㄪ⌮᤼Ẽ୰ࡢPAHsࡢ⃰ᗘࡸ⤌ᡂࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟

ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ㄪ⌮᤼Ẽ୰ࡢPAHsࡢࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࢆ⾜࠺࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡢ➨୍Ṍ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪 PAHsࡢ㉺ቃ㍺㏦㸪≉࡟୰ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ㍺㏦ᐇែ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚▱ぢࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

PAHsࡢࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࢆຠᯝⓗ࡟⾜࠺ୖ࡛㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

㸯㸬㸯㸬㸰 ࣏ࣜሷ໬ࣅࣇ࢙ࢽࣝ㸦3&%㸧

PCBࡢᵓ㐀ᘧࢆFig. 1.4࡟♧ࡍ㸬PCBࡣ㸪ࣅࣇ࢙ࢽࣝ࡟1࠿ࡽ10ࡢሷ⣲ࡀ㓄఩ࡋࡓ

໬ྜ≀ࡢ⥲⛠࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⌮ㄽୖ209ࡢᡂศࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬PCBࡣඃࢀࡓ⤯⦕ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪 ࢥࣥࢹࣥࢧࡸࢺࣛࣥࢫࡢ⤯⦕Ἔ࡜ࡋ࡚ୡ⏺୰࡛ᗈࡃ⏕⏘㸪౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ୡ⏺࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

PCB 〇㐀ࡢ᭱኱ᡭࡣ⡿ᅜ Monsanto ♫࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ྠ♫〇ࡢ PCB ࡣ࢔ࣛࢡ࣮ࣟࣝ(Aroclor) ࡢྡ࡛࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸬ᡃࡀᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿPCBࡣ㚝ῡ໬Ꮫࡀ⏕⏘ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ྠ♫〇ࡢPCBࡣ࢝ࢿ

ࢡ࣮ࣟࣝࡢၟရྡ࡛࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸬࢔ࣛࢡ࣮ࣟࣝ㸪࢝ࢿࢡ࣮ࣟࣝ࡜ࡶ࡟㸪」ᩘࡢPCBᡂศࡢ

17

ΰྜ≀࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ⤌ᡂࡣ〇ရ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡀ㸪୺࡜ࡋ࡚3ሷ⣲࠿ࡽ6ሷ⣲ࡢPCBࡀ ከࡃྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬PCBࡣ㸪ࡑࡢẘᛶࡀ♫఍ၥ㢟໬ࡍࡿ1970ᖺ௦๓༙ࡲ࡛㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࠾ࡼ

ࡧୡ⏺୰࡟࠾࠸࡚⏕⏘ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬

Fig. 1.4 The chemical structure of PCB

Table 1.2 Physical properties of PCB

PCBࡢ≀⌮ⓗᛶ㉁ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡓTable 1.2ࡼࡾ㸪PCBࡣሷ⣲ᩘࡀቑࡍ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚⵨Ẽᅽࡀ పࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬WHOࡣ㸪᥹Ⓨᛶ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀(Volatile Organic Compounds: VOCs)ࢆ㸪ᖖᅽ࡟

࠾ ࡅ ࡿ Ἓ Ⅼ ࡀ 50-100Υ ࠿ ࡽ 240-260Υ ࡢ ⠊ ᅖ ࡟ ࠶ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ 㸪 ༙ ᥹ Ⓨ ᛶ ᭷ ᶵ ໬ ྜ ≀ (Semi-volatile Organic Compounds: SVOCs)ࡣᖖᅽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿἛⅬࡀ 240-260Υ࠿ࡽ

380-400Υࡢ⠊ᅖ࡟࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(WHO, 1989) 㸬ࡇࡢᐃ⩏࡟ࡋࡓࡀ࠼ࡤ㸪PCB ࡣ209ᡂศ඲࡚ࡀSVOCs࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿ㸬SVOCsࡣ኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡑࡢ኱㒊ศࡀ⢏Ꮚ≧

Cl

Cl

1 ӌ x+y ӌ 10

PCB congener group

Chemical formula

Mean molecular

weight

Number of isomers

Melting point [䉝]

Boiling point [䉝]

Vapor pressure at 25䉝 [Pa] Log Pow

Approximate bioconcentration factor

in fish

Mono CB C12H9Cl 188.7 3 25-77.9 285 1.1 4.7 2.5E+03

Di CB C12H8Cl2 223.1 12 24.4-149 312 0.24 5.1 6.3E+03

Tri CB C12H7Cl3 257.6 24 28-87 337 0.054 5.5 1.6E+04

Tetra CB C12H6Cl4 292.0 42 47-180 360 0.012 5.9 4.0E+04

Penta CB C12H5Cl5 326.4 46 76.5-124 381 2.6E-03 6.3 1.0E+05

Hexa CB C12H4Cl6 360.9 42 77-150 400 5.8E-04 6.7 2.5E+05

Hepta CB C12H3Cl7 395.3 24 122.4-149 417 1.3E-04 7.1 6.3E+05

Octa CB C12H2Cl8 429.8 12 159-162 432 2.8E-05 7.5 1.6E+06

Nona CB C12HCl9 464.2 3 182.8-206 445 6.3E-06 7.9 4.0E+06

Deca CB C12Cl10 498.7 1 305.9 456 1.4E-06 8.3 1.0E+07

18

≀㉁࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(WHO, 1989)㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪኱Ẽ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿPCBࡣࡑࡢ

኱㒊ศࡀ⢏Ꮚ≧≀㉁࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬

ࡲࡓTable 1.2ࡼࡾ㸪⬡⁐ᛶࡢᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ࢜ࢡࢱࣀ࣮ࣝ-Ỉศ㓄ಀᩘ(log P^ow)ࡣ4.7~8.3 ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡟࠶ࡿ㸬ຍ࠼࡚㨶㢮࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⏕≀⃰⦰ಀᩘࡣ᭱ࡶᑠࡉ࠸ࣔࣀሷ໬ࣅࣇ࢙ࢽ࡛ࣝ 2.5

™10³㸪᭱ࡶ኱ࡁ࠸ࢹ࢝ሷ໬ࣅࣇ࢙ࢽ࡛ࣝࡣ1.0™10⁷࡟ཬࡪ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪PCBࡣ⬡⁐ᛶ࠾

ࡼࡧ⏕≀⃰⦰ᛶࡀ㧗࠸㸬ࡉࡽ࡟PCBࡣ≀⌮໬Ꮫⓗ࡟Ᏻᐃ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⎔ቃ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿศゎࡀ 㐍ࡳ࡙ࡽ࠸㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ PCBࡣ㸪ࢲ࢖࢜࢟ࢩࣥ㢮ࡸ࣊࢟ࢧࢡࣟࣟ࣋ࣥࢮࣥ࡜୪ࢇ࡛ṧ␃ᛶ

᭷ᶵởᰁ≀㉁(Persistent Organic Pollutants: POPs)࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢពᅗⓗ࡞⏕

⏘ࡸᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡓ㍺㏦ࡣ㸪2004ᖺ5᭶࡟Ⓨຠࡋࡓࠕṧ␃ᛶ᭷ᶵởᰁ≀㉁࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢫࢺࢵ

ࢡ࣒࣍ࣝ᮲⣙ࠖ㸦࠸ࢃࡺࡿPOPs᮲⣙㸧࡟ࡼࡾཝࡋࡃไ㝈ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

PCBࡢẘᛶࡣሷ⣲ᩘࡸ␗ᛶయࡢᵓ㐀࡟ࡼࡗ࡚኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿ㸬PCBࡢ୰࡛ࡶ2ࡘࡢ࣋ࣥ

ࢮࣥ⎔ࡀྠ୍ᖹ㠃ୖ࡟࠶ࡿ㸦ඹᖹ㠃ᵓ㐀ࢆ࡜ࡿ㸧ࡶࡢࢆࢥࣉࣛࢼ(Coplanar: ඹᖹ㠃)PCB

࡜࿧ࡪ㸬ࢥࣉࣛࢼPCB ࡣࡑࡢᵓ㐀ࡀࢲ࢖࢜࢟ࢩࣥ㢮࡜㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࢲ࢖࢜࢟ࢩࣥ㢮࡜

ྠᵝ㸪Ⓨࡀࢇᛶࡸദወᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪PCBࡢ࠺ࡕࢥࣉࣛࢼPCBࡣࢲ࢖࢜࢟ࢩࣥ

㢮࡟ࡶศ㢮ࡉࢀ㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣ1999ᖺ࡟ไᐃ㸪᪋⾜ࡉࢀࡓࠕࢲ࢖࢜࢟ࢩࣥ㢮ᑐ⟇≉ูᥐ⨨

ἲࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚㠀ពᅗⓗ࡞⏕ᡂࡸ᤼ฟࡀཝࡋࡃつไࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢥࣉࣛࢼPCB௨እࡢPCB

࡟ࡣⓎࡀࢇᛶࡸദወᛶࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪⏥≧⭢␗ᖖࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ࡞࡝ࡢẘᛶࢆ

᭷ࡍࡿ㸬࡞࠾㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ 1968 ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ࢝ࢿ࣑Ἔ⑕஦௳ࡣ㸪㣗⏝Ἔ࡟ΰධࡋࡓ PCB ࡀຍ⇕࡟ࡼࡾࢲ࢖࢜࢟ࢩࣥ㢮࡟ኚ໬ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆᦤྲྀࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⫢ᶵ⬟㞀ᐖࡸ⓶⭵࡬ࡢⰍ⣲

ỿ╔࡞࡝ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

⎔ቃ୰ࡢ PCBࡣ㸪୺࡜ࡋ࡚⤯⦕Ἔၟရ࡜ࡋ࡚〇㐀ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢ࡯࠿㸪ሷ⣲ࢆྵࡴᗫᲠ

≀ ࡢ ↝ ༷ ࡢ 㐣 ⛬ ࡛ 㠀 ព ᅗ ⓗ ࡟ ⏕ ᡂ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪 ኱ Ẽ ୰ ࡟ ᨺ ฟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࢆ ㉳ ※ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸦Ballschmiter et al., 1987: Sakai et al., 1994; Miyata et al., 1994㸧㸬ࡇࡢ࡯࠿㸪࣌ࣥࢱ ࢡࣟࣟࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝࡸࢡࣟࣝࢽࢺࣟࣇ࢙ࣥ࡞࡝ࡢ㝖ⲡ๣ࡢ୙⣧≀࡜ࡋ࡚ྵ᭷ࡉࢀࡓPCB ࡀ㸪 ࡑࡢᩓᕸ࡟క࠸㠀ពᅗⓗ࡟⎔ቃ୰࡟ᨺฟࡉࢀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡶ࠶ࡿ(┈Ọ㸪1999㸹┈Ọ㸪2000)㸬 ࡇࢀࡽ3ࡘࡀ኱Ẽ୰PCBࡢ᤼ฟ※࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(┈Ọ㸪1999㸹┈Ọ㸪2000)㸬኱Ẽ୰

PCB ࡢࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽྛ᤼ฟ※࠿ࡽࡢᐤ୚⋡ࢆᢕᥱࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪᭱ࡶᨭ 㓄ⓗ࡞᤼ฟ※࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㔜Ⅼⓗ࡟ᑐ⟇ࢆ᪋ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬≉࡟㸪1990 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙࠿

ࡽ2000 ᖺ௦ึ㢌࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡈࡳ↝༷࡟㉳ᅉࡋ࡚᤼ฟࡉࢀࡿࢲ࢖࢜࢟ࢩࣥᵝ PCB ࡟ࡼ

ࡿ೺ᗣᙳ㡪࡬ࡢᠱᛕࡀ♫఍ၥ㢟໬ࡋࡓࡓࡵ㸪ྛ᤼ฟ※㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅࡈࡳ↝༷࠿ࡽࡢPCB ࡢ ᐤ୚⋡ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ୖ㸪㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ྛ᤼ฟ※࡟࠾ࡅࡿPCB ࡢ

19

⤌ᡂࡣ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(┈Ọ㸪1999㸹┈Ọ㸪2000)ࡓࡵ㸪኱Ẽ୰PCBࡢ

⤌ᡂࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ྛⓎ⏕※࠿ࡽࡢᐤ୚ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋ࠺ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪1 ሷ⣲࠿ࡽ 10 ሷ⣲ࡲ

࡛ࡢ10 ✀ࡢྠ᪘యࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪ྛྠ᪘యࡢ␗ᛶయࡢྜィࡀ209࡟ࡶཬࡪPCB࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྛ

ᡂศࢆ⢭⦓࡟ ᐃࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪౛࠼ࡤ᪥ᮏᕤᴗᶆ‽ㄪᰝ఍㸦JIS㸧ࡀつᐃࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞↹㞧࡞

ᡭ㡰ࢆせࡍࡿ㧗ࢥࢫࢺ࡞ ᐃᢏ⾡㸦໬Ꮫ≀㉁ホ౯◊✲ᶵᵓ㸪2008㸧࡟ࡼࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪 ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ኱Ẽ୰PCBࡢ㢖⦾࡞ ᐃࢆጉࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⡆౽㎿㏿࠿ࡘᏳ౯࡞PCB  ᐃᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀ㸪኱Ẽ୰PCB ࡢࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ࣈࣞ࢖ࢡࢫ࣮ࣝ࡟࡞

ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬

୍᪉㸪PCBࡢࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪PCBࢆྵࡴ⤯⦕Ἔ〇ရࡢ⎔ቃ୰࡬ࡢ₃ฟࢆ㜵 ࡄࡇ࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⤯⦕Ἔ୰࡟ᏑᅾࡍࡿPCBࡣ㸪2001ᖺ࡟ᡂ❧㸪᪋⾜ࡉࢀࡓࠕ࣏

ࣜሷ໬ࣅࣇ࢙ࢽࣝᗫᲠ≀ࡢ㐺ṇ࡞ฎ⌮ࡢ᥎㐍࡟㛵ࡍࡿ≉ูᥐ⨨ἲࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ኚᅽჾ➼࡟

⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓ0.5 ppm௨ୖࡢPCBࢆྵࡴ⤯⦕Ἔ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚↓ᐖ໬ฎ⌮ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ

࠿ࡋ㸪⤯⦕Ἔ୰ࡢPCB ࡢከࡃࡣࡈࡃᚤ㔞ࡀ㠀ពᅗⓗ࡟ΰධࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ኱㒊ศ

࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ PCB⃰ᗘࡣᢕᥱࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ᳨యᩘࡣ 2000 ᖺ௦ึ㢌࡟࠾࠸࡚ᑡ࡞

ࡃ࡜ࡶ୍༓୓௨ୖ࡟ཬࡪ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀ㸪᪩ᮇ࡟PCB ⃰ᗘࢆ ᐃࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸬࡜ࡇࢁ

ࡀศᯒ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟ඛ❧ࡕ㸪⤯⦕Ἔࡢ୺ᡂศ࡛࠶ࡾPCB ࡢ ᐃጉᐖᡂศ࡛࠶ࡿ

㖔ἜࢆPCB࠿ࡽศ㞳ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᚑ᮶ࡢ⤯⦕Ἔ୰ࡢPCBศᯒἲ (౛࠼ࡤ㸸Nakajima

et al., 1998)࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㖔Ἔᡂศ㝖ཤࡣ㸪↹㞧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪1ヨᩱࡢ๓ฎ⌮࠿ࡽ ᐃࡲ࡛࡟᭱ప6

᫬㛫⛬ᗘࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪㖔Ἔ࡜PCBࢆ⡆᫆㎿㏿࡟ศ㞳ࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࡣ㸪PCBࡢ↓ᐖ໬

ฎ⌮ࢆ෇⁥࡟㐍ࡵࡿ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕPCBࡢࣄࢺࡸ⎔ቃ࡬ࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆపῶࡍࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ௨ୖ࡟ᴫほࡋࡓ㏻ࡾ㸪PCBࡢࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣎ࢺࣝࢿࢵࢡࡣ㸪⎔ቃ୰ࡢPCBࢆ㧗⢭

ᗘ࡛⡆౽࣭㎿㏿㸪࠿ࡘᏳ౯࡟ ᐃࡍࡿᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

㸯㸬㸯㸬㸱 ኱Ẽ୰᭷ᐖ᭷ᶵ኱Ẽởᰁ≀㉁ࡢ㝖ཤ㐣⛬

኱Ẽ୰࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᴟᛶࡀ㧗࠸㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪Ỉ⁐ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ᭷ᶵ໬

ྜ≀ࡣ㸪㝆Ỉ࡟ࡼࡾຠᯝⓗ࡟㝖ཤࡉࢀࡿ㸦౛࠼ࡤDavenport and Peters, 1978㸧㸬㝆Ỉ୰

࡟ࡣ኱Ẽ୰࡛࢞ࢫࡸ࢚࢔ࣟࢰࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᵝࠎ࡞᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

ࡀ㸦Mazurek and Simoneit, 1986㸹Kawamura and Kaplan, 1986㸪1991㸧㸪ࡑࡢ㝆ỈὙ ίᶵᵓࡣ࢞ࢫ࡜⢏Ꮚ࡛␗࡞ࡿ㸬

኱Ẽ࠿ࡽࡢ໬Ꮫᡂศࡢ㝖ཤࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪㝆Ỉ࡜࢞ࢫࡸ࢚࢔ࣟࢰࣝࢆྠ᫬࡟᥇ྲྀࡋ

࡚୧⪅ࡢ໬Ꮫᡂศ⤌ᡂࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣ㸪Ỉ࡬ࡢ⁐ゎᗘࡀ㧗࠸◲㯤㓟໬≀ࡸ❅⣲㓟໬≀࡞

20

࡝ࡢ↓ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁㸦㭯⏣ࡽ㸪1988㸪1990㸧ࡢ࡯࠿㸪ࢪ࢝ࣝ࣎ࣥ㓟࡞࡝ࡢᴟᛶࡢ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ

≀㉁࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶሗ࿌౛ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦Sempéré and Kawamura, 1994; Kawamura et al., 1996;

௒஭㸪Ἑᮧ㸪2000㸧㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪┤㙐Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲ࡸPAHs࡞࡝ࡢᴟᛶࡀపࡃỈ࡟⁐ࡅ࡟ࡃ࠸᭷

ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㢮ఝࡢ◊✲౛ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ᑡ࡞࠸㸬኱Ẽ୰ࡢ┤㙐Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲ࡣ໬▼⇞ᩱ

ࡢ⇞↝࡞࡝ࡢே㛫άືࢆ㉳※࡜ࡍࡿ࡯࠿㸪㝣ୖ㧗➼᳜≀࡞࡝࠿ࡽࡶᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪᪤

㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾPAHsࡶ」ᩘࡢ᤼ฟ※ࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡣ㏆ഐࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㐲᪉࠿ࡽࡶ㛗㊥㞳㍺㏦ࡉ

ࢀ࠺ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪㝆Ỉ࡜࢚࢔ࣟࢰࣝࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪㝆Ỉࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ỿ╔

ࡋࡓ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢ㉳※ࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ᝟ሗࡣ㸪᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢࣄࢺࡸ⎔ቃ࡬

ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆホ౯ࡋ㸪᭷ຠ࡞ᑐ⟇ࢆㅮࡌࡿୖ࡛ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

㸯㸬㸰 ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ࡜㐍ࡵ᪉

௨ୖࢆ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣ኱Ẽ୰࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪≉࡟PAHs࡟ࡘ࠸

࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽ࡟ࡼࡿࣄࢺࡸ⎔ቃ࡬ࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆྜ⌮ⓗ࠿ࡘຠᯝⓗ࡟⟶⌮㸪పῶࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡾ㸪

ࣈࣞ࢖ࢡࢫ࣮ࣝ࡜࡞ࡿᢏ⾡ࡸ▱ぢࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ௨ୗ࡟♧ࡍ࡜࠾

ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

㸦㸯㸧PAHs➼ࡢ⡆᫆㎿㏿࡞ ᐃᡭἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ

ࣄࢺࡸ⎔ቃ࡬ࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆຠᯝⓗ࡟⟶⌮㸪పῶࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡾ㸪 ᐃᢏ⾡ࡢḞዴࡀ࣎ࢺࣝࢿ

ࢵࢡ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⡆᫆㎿㏿࡞ ᐃᡭἲࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ࢹ࢕࣮

ࢮࣝࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ୰ࡢPAHs➼ࡢ⎔ቃ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࢆ㧗࠸᫬㛫ศゎ⬟࡛ ᐃࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ㸪

ྠᢏ⾡ࡢࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ୰PAHs ᐃ࡬ࡢ㐺⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪PAHs࡜≀⌮

໬Ꮫⓗᛶ㉁ࡀ㢮ఝࡍࡿPCB࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪኱Ẽ୰⃰ᗘࢆ⡆౽㎿㏿࠿ࡘపࢥࢫࢺ࡛ ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿᢏ

⾡ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ㸪ྠᢏ⾡ࢆ኱Ẽ୰PCB࠾ࡼࡧ⤯⦕Ἔ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㐺⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ㸬 㸦㸰㸧ຍ⇕ㄪ⌮࡟ࡼࡿPAHsࡢ⏕ᡂ࠾ࡼࡧ᤼ฟᣲືࡢゎ᫂

ࣄࢺ࡬ࡢከ኱࡞᭚㟢ࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛᤼ฟᐇែࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ ㄪ⌮᤼Ẽ୰࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ PAHs ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢ⤌ᡂ㸪⏕ᡂ㔞࠾ࡼࡧ⢏ᚄศᕸࢆ㸪㣗ᮦࡢ㐪࠸

ࡸㄪ⌮᪉ἲࡢ㐪࠸࡞࡝ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡞ࡀࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ㸬

㸦㸱㸧኱Ẽ⎔ቃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿPAHs➼ࡢ⎔ቃ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢኚ㉁㐣⛬࠾ࡼࡧ㝖ཤ㐣⛬ࡢゎ᫂

㉺ቃởᰁᑐ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚㸪኱Ẽ୰ PAHs ࡢ㛗㊥㞳㍺㏦᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿග໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡿኚ㉁㐣⛬

ࢆྠ఩యศู࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚ゎ᫂ࡍࡿ㸬┤㙐Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲㸪PAHs㸪࢔ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ㢮࡞࡝ࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞኱

Ẽ୰ࡢ୰ᛶ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀ࡢᣲື࡜㝆Ỉ࡟ࡼࡿ㝖ཤ㐣⛬ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ㸬

21

㸦㸯㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ୰ࡢ PAHs ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⢏ᚄࡀᚤᑠ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ⤒Ẽ 㐨᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡾయෆࡢ῝㒊࡟⛣⾜ࡋࡸࡍࡃ㸪⫵⬊㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࣜࣥࣃ⠇ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚⣽⬊ෆ࡟ࡲ

࡛⛣ධࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬࡜ࡾࢃࡅ⮬ື㌴ࡢࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝ᤼࢞ࢫࡣ㸪᤼ฟ※ࡀࣄࢺࡢ⏕ά✵

㛫ࡢࡈࡃ㏆ഐ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࣄࢺ࡬ࡢ᭚㟢㔞ࡀከࡃ㸪⏒኱࡞೺ᗣᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࠺ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᠱᛕ ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪᤼ฟᐇែࡢヲ⣽ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪㐠㌿≧ែࡢኚ໬࡟ࡼࡾ኱ࡁࡃ ኚືࡍࡿࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ୰ࡢ PAHs ⃰ᗘࢆホ౯ࡋ࠺ࡿ㸪᫬㛫ศゎ⬟ࡢ㧗࠸ ᐃᢏ⾡ࡀ Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪኱Ẽ୰ࡢPCBࡢຠᯝⓗ࡞ࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ㉳

※࠾ࡼࡧྛ㉳※࠿ࡽࡢᐤ୚⋡ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ ᐃᢏ⾡ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㧗⢭ᗘ࠿ࡘ⡆

౽࡛Ᏻ౯࡞ ᐃᢏ⾡ࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟༑ศ࡞ ᐃࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡎ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ຠᯝⓗ࡞ࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮

ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬PCBࡣPAHs࡜≀⌮໬Ꮫⓗᛶ㉁ࡀ㏆࠸ࡓࡵ㸪 ୧⪅ࢆྠ᫬࡟ ᐃࡍࡿᡭἲࡀ㛤Ⓨ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ୖ㸪ຠ⋡ⓗ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ຍ࠼࡚㸪኱Ẽ

୰PCBࡢ᤼ฟ※ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ⤯⦕Ἔ〇ရࡣ࠸ࡲࡔ࡟኱㔞࡟ಖ⟶ࡉࢀ㸪↓ᐖ໬ฎ⌮ࡀᛴࡀࢀ

࡚࠸ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪㐜ࠎ࡜ࡋ࡚㐍ࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࡎ㸪ࡑࡢ୍ᅉ࡟⡆౽࠿ࡘపࢥࢫࢺࡢ ᐃᢏ

⾡ࡢḞዴࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

㸦㸰㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ຍ⇕ㄪ⌮⏤᮶ࡢPAHs࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪኱Ẽ୰PAHsࡢ୺せ࡞᤼

ฟ※ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡑࡢࡑࡢᐇែࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚

࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡶ㸪ຍ⇕ㄪ⌮ࡢ᤼Ẽࡣ㸪࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᕼ㔘ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲㄪ⌮⪅ࡀ᭚㟢ࡉࢀࡿ

ࡓࡵ㸪ࣄࢺࡢ೺ᗣ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㸪ࡑࡢᐇែࡀゎ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪㣗ᮦࡸㄪ⌮ჾලࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ⏕ᡂ㔞ࡸ⤌ᡂ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ⢏ᚄศᕸ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ 㡪ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ㸬

㸦㸱㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪኱Ẽ୰࡛ග໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ࡌࡿྠ఩యศู࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚㸪ග

໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࡢ㐍⾜㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㛗㊥㞳㍺㏦ࡀ PAHs ࡢⅣ⣲ྠ఩యẚ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍ

ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⓎ⏕※ᑐ⟇ࡀ㐍ࡳ㸪ᅜෆࢆ㉳※࡜ࡋࡓ᭷ᐖởᰁ≀㉁ࡢ᤼ฟ㔞 ࡀపῶࡉࢀࡿ୰࡛㸪㉺ቃ㍺㏦ࡉࢀࡿ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅࣄࢺ࡬ࡢⓎࡀࢇᛶࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀ

ࡿPAHs࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢᐇែࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ຍ࠼࡚㸪

࢚࢔ࣟࢰࣝ୰᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀ࡢ኱Ẽ࠿ࡽࡢ㔜せ࡞㝖ཤ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡑࡢヲ⣽ࡀ

᫂ࡽ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㝆ỈὙί࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪ྠ᫬࡟᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㝆Ỉ࡜࢚࢔ࣟࢰࣝ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ┤㙐

Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲㸪PAHs㸪࢔ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ㢮➼ࡢྛᡂศࡢ⤒᫬ኚ໬࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡽᡂศࡢ኱Ẽືែ࡜㝖ཤ 㐣⛬ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ㸬

22 ᮏㄽᩥࡢᵓᡂࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

➨1❶㸦ᮏ❶㸧࡛ࡣ⥴ゝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᮏㄽᩥࡢ⫼ᬒ࠾ࡼࡧ◊✲ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࢆ㏙࡭ࡿ㸬➨2 ❶

࡛ࡣࠕ⎔ቃ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢ⡆᫆ ᐃἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜ᛂ⏝ࠖ࡜㢟ࡋ࡚㸪➨୍࡟ࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝࢼࣀ⢏

Ꮚ୰ࡢPAHs࡞࡝ࡢ໬Ꮫᡂศࢆᑐ㇟࡟㸪㟼㟁ศ⣭ᢏ⾡࡜࣮ࣞࢨ࢖࢜ࣥ໬TOFMSࢆ⤌ࡳྜ

ࢃࡏࡓ ᐃᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢᛂ⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡎࡿ㸬ຍ࠼࡚㸪኱Ẽ୰ࡢPCBࢆ ᐃጉᐖ ᡂศ࠿ࡽ⡆౽㎿㏿࡟ศ㞳ࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ㐺⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬➨3❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕㄪ

⌮᤼Ẽ୰࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿከ⎔ⰾ㤶᪘Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲ࡢ⤌ᡂ࡜⢏ᚄศᕸࠖ࡜㢟ࡋ࡚㸪✀ࠎࡢ㣗ᮦࡢຍ⇕

ㄪ⌮࡟ࡼࡿPAHsࡢ⏕ᡂ㸪⤌ᡂ㸪⢏ᚄศᕸ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ㸬➨4❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕከ⎔ⰾ㤶 ᪘Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲ࡢ㛗㊥㞳㍺㏦࡟࠾ࡅࡿග໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡿኚ㉁㐣⛬ࡢゎ᫂ࠖ࡜㢟ࡋ࡚㸪Ᏻᐃྠ఩

యẚ࡟╔┠ࡋࡓPAHsࡢ኱Ẽ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࡢ㐍⾜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬➨ 5❶࡛ࡣࠕ኱Ẽ⎔ቃ࡟࠾

ࡅࡿ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫᡂศࡢືែࠖ࡜㢟ࡋ࡚㸪↓ᴟᛶ࡞࠸ࡋᚤᴟᛶࡢ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢ㝆Ỉ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

㝖ཤ㐣⛬ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ㸬᭱ᚋ࡟➨6❶࡜ࡋ࡚ᮏㄽᩥࢆ⥲ᣓࡍࡿ㸬

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