: The Association of North East Asia Regional Governments as a New International Social Unit

᪩✄⏣኱ᏛᑂᰝᏛ఩ㄽᩥ㸦༤ኈ㸧

ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿෆⓎⓗ㉺ቃ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ

㸸 ࠕ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦ⮬἞య㐃ྜ㸦NEAR㸧ࠖࡢ஦౛◊✲

A Study of Endogenous Governance and Transnational Actor in Northeast Asia

: The Association of North East Asia Regional Governments as a New International Social Unit

᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔♫఍⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉

ᆅ⌫♫఍ㄽᑓᨷᅜ㝿㛵ಀㄽ◊✲

୰ᒣ ㈼ྖ

NAKAYAMA, Kenji

2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶

i

┠ ḟ

ᗎ ㄽ ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡜NEAR࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭1

➨㸯⠇ ၥ㢟ព㆑ 1 㸯㸫㸯㸬◊✲┠ⓗ 1 㸯㸫㸰㸬◊✲⫼ᬒ 3

➨㸰⠇ ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡬ࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ 6 㸰㸫㸯㸬ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢᴫᛕᩚ⌮ 6 㸰㸫㸰㸬ᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ 9

㸰㸫㸱㸬⾜Ⅽయ―✵㛫ㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ 10 㸰㸫㸲㸬ᶵᵓㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ 12

㸰㸫㸳㸬ᮏㄽᩥࡢどⅬ㸸㉺ቃ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ 13

➨㸱⠇ ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢNEAR 16 㸱㸫㸯㸬ᵓᡂ༢఩࡜ᆅ⌮ⓗ⠊ᅖ 16 㸱㸫㸰㸬య᱁࣭యຊ࣭య㉁ࡢ㠀ᑐ⛠ᛶ 19 㸱㸫㸱㸬᫬ᮇ༊ศ㸸ᙧᡂ࣭῝໬࣭ᒎ㛤 22 㸱㸫㸲㸬⪃ᐹㄢ㢟 25

➨㸲⠇ ᵓᡂ 26

➨Ϩ㒊 ᪉ἲㄽࡢ⪃ᐹ࡜࣐ࢡࣟศᯒ

➨㸯❶ ෆⓎⓗ㉺ቃ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫㄽ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭43 ᗎ 43

➨㸯⠇ ㉺ቃ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ࡜ෆⓎᛶ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ 44 㸯㸫㸯㸬EU࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ◊✲ࡢ᪉ἲㄽୖࡢྵព 44 㸯㸫㸰㸬ෆⓎᛶ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ 46

㸯㸫㸱㸬ෆⓎⓗ㉺ቃ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫㄽࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ 48

➨㸰⠇ ᅜ㝿⾜Ⅽయ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ 52 㸰㸫㸯㸬ᅜ㝿⾜Ⅽయ࡜ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ 52 㸰㸫㸰㸬┦஫౫Ꮡᆺࡢ⮬ᚊᛶ 55

ii

➨㸱⠇ ⮬ᕫ฼┈ࡢ㏣ồࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ㐃ྜయ 59 㸱㸫㸯㸬๰㐀ᛶ 59

㸱㸫㸰㸬ᅜ㝿⾜Ⅽయࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ 60

㸱㸫㸱㸬ᅜ㝿⾜Ⅽయ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢ┦஫㛵ಀࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ 62 ᑠ ᣓ㸸⮬ᚊᛶ࡜๰㐀ᛶ 65

➨㸰❶ ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫㛵ಀࡢከඖ໬࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭75 ᗎ 75

➨㸯⠇ ᅜᐙ㛫㛵ಀࡢኚື 76 㸯㸫㸯㸬⬺෭ᡓࣉࣟࢭࢫ 76

㸯㸫㸰㸬ᡓ␎ⓗᏳᐃ࡜ᑐ❧࣭⥭ᙇ 78 㸯㸫㸱㸬⦆ࡸ࠿࡞ไᗘ໬࡜ศ⿣ 81

➨㸰⠇ ጜጒ㸦཭ዲ㸧㒔ᕷ஺ὶ 84 㸰㸫㸯㸬඲⯡ⓗഴྥ 84

㸰㸫㸰㸬ᗈᇦᆅ᪉ᨻᗓูഴྥ 88

➨㸱⠇ ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫ࡢ㉺ቃ㐃ᦠᯟ⤌ࡳ 97 㸱㸫㸯㸬ከඖ໬ 97

㸱㸫㸰㸬࣐ࣝࢳ࣭࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ 100 㸱㸫㸱㸬ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡜ᅪᇦタᐃ 103

➨㸲⠇ NEAR࡟ࡳࡿᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫㛵ಀ 106 㸲㸫㸯㸬NEARᐃ౛఍㆟ཧຍ≧ἣ 106

㸲㸫㸰㸬NEAR࡟࠾ࡅࡿጜጒ㸦཭ዲ㸧㒔ᕷ㛵ಀ 113 ᑠ ᣓ㸸ࢺࣛࣥࢫࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫㐃ᦠ 118

➨ϩ㒊 ᙧᡂ࡜ືែ

➨㸱❶ ᡂ❧㐣⛬࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭125 ᗎ 125

➨㸯⠇ NEAR఍㆟ࡢⓎ㊊ 128

㸯㸫㸯㸬᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᆅᇦᅜ㝿໬ᨻ⟇ࡢᒎ㛤 128 㸯㸫㸰㸬ᓥ᰿࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈࡢ⮬ᚊᛶ 129

iii

㸯㸫㸱㸬࣮࣭࣐ࣟ࢝ࣝࣝࢳࣛࢸࣛࣜࢬ࣒ 132 㸯㸫㸲㸬ᑐヰࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢNEAR఍㆟ 134

➨㸰⠇ NEARࡢᡂ❧ 135 㸰㸫㸯㸬ᥦ ၐ 135 㸰㸫㸰㸬ලయ໬ 139 㸰㸫㸱㸬ᡂ ❧ 141

ᑠ ᣓ㸸࣮࣭࣐ࣟ࢝ࣝࣝࢳࣛࢸࣛࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ⫾ື 147

➨㸲❶ ᆅ⌮ⓗᣑ኱࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭155 ᗎ 155

➨㸯⠇ ⥲యศᯒ 158

㸯㸫㸯㸬ᆅ⌮ⓗᣑ኱ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ 158 㸯㸫㸰㸬㝵ᒙⓗᆅ᪉ไᗘ࡜ᆅ⌮ⓗᣑ኱ 160 㸯㸫㸱㸬Ỉᖹᣑ኱࡜ᆶ┤ᣑ኱ 162

➨㸰⠇ ᅜูศᯒ 164 㸰㸫㸯㸬ࣔࣥࢦࣝ 164 㸰㸫㸰㸬ࣟࢩ࢔ 171 㸰㸫㸱㸬㡑 ᅜ 177 㸰㸫㸲㸬୰ ᅜ 183 㸰㸫㸳㸬໭ᮅ㩭 189 㸰㸫㸴㸬᪥ ᮏ 195

ᑠ ᣓ㸸Ỉᖹᣑ኱࡜ᆶ┤ᣑ኱ࡢ஺㘒 200

➨㸳❶ ไᗘ໬࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭209 ᗎ 209

➨㸯⠇ ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫ᅜ㝿ไᗘ 211

➨㸰⠇ ᴫほ㸸῝໬࣭ᒎ㛤ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ 213 㸰㸫㸯㸬ึᮇࡢไᗘ 213

㸰㸫㸰㸬῝໬ᮇ㸸㝵ᒙ໬࣭ᣑ඘ 214 㸰㸫㸱㸬ᒎ㛤ᮇ㸸ከᵝ໬ 218

➨㸱⠇ ஦ົᒁᅛᐃ໬ၥ㢟㸸ᑐ❧࣭Ỵ╔࣭ໟᦤ 224

㸱㸫㸯㸬㉳※࡜ࠕ㐃ྜࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠖ᱌ࢆࡵࡄࡿྠᗋ␗ክ 224

iv

㸱㸫㸰㸬஧ࡘࡢ஦ົᒁ᱌ࡢⓏሙ࡜ᑐ❧ 226 㸱㸫㸱㸬៞ᑦ໭㐨᱌࡬ࡢ཰ᩡ 228

㸱㸫㸲㸬஦ົᒁ㛤タ࡜➉ᓥ㸦⊂ᓥ㸧ၥ㢟 231

➨㸲⠇ ㈈ᨻไᗘၥ㢟㸸ඞ᭹ࡢヨࡳ࡜᣸ᢡ 233 㸲㸫㸯㸬఍㈝ไࡢᲴୖࡆ 233

㸲㸫㸰㸬఍㆟㛤ദ⤒㈝ࡢ୍㒊ศᢸไࡢᑟධ 234 㸲㸫㸱㸬఍㈝ไᑟධࡢ᣸ᢡ 237

➨㸳⠇ ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ⠏㸸ᅜ㝿⾜Ⅽయ໬ 241 㸳㸫㸯㸬ᅜ㐃ᑓ㛛ᶵ㛵࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠ 241

㸳㸫㸰㸬࢖ࣥࢱ࣮࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ 244 ᑠ ᣓ㸸⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫ᅜ㝿⾜ᨻࡢ⫾ື 246

➨Ϫ㒊 άື࡜๰㐀

➨㸴❶ ᇦෆ஺ὶ࣭༠ຊ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭255 ᗎ 255

➨㸯⠇ ศᯒどゅ㸸άື㡿ᇦ࡜⾜Ⅽᚿྥᛶ 256

➨㸰⠇ ඹྠ஦ᴗࡢᶍ⣴ 259 㸰㸫㸯㸬஺ὶࡢ⯪஦ᴗ 259

㸰㸫㸰㸬ከᵝ࡞஦ᴗᥦ᱌࡜ศ⛉ጤဨ఍ࡢⓎ㊊ 260

➨㸱⠇ ῝໬㸸㔞ⓗᣑ኱ 263 㸱㸫㸯㸬ศ⛉ጤဨ఍ࡢጞື 263

㸱㸫㸰㸬ศ⛉ጤဨ఍࡬ࡢᡤᒓ࡜ཧຍ 266

➨㸲⠇ ᒎ㛤㸸⤒῭እ஺࡬ࡢഴᩳ࡜⤒㦂ࡢ⵳✚ 271 㸲㸫㸯㸬⤒῭እ஺࡬ࡢഴᩳ 271

㸲㸫㸰㸬⤒㦂ࡢ⵳✚ 273

➨㸳⠇ ㄢ㢟࡜⾜Ⅽᚿྥᛶ 274 㸳㸫㸯㸬㉁ⓗ೵ 274 㸳㸫㸰㸬⾜Ⅽᚿྥᛶ 276

ᑠ ᣓ㸸⮬ᕫ฼┈ࡢ㏣ồࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ㐃ྜయ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢNEAR 278

v

➨㸵❶ ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ⎔ቃ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭285 ᗎ 285

➨㸯⠇ ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫ᅜ㝿⎔ቃ༠ຊ 286

㸯㸫㸯㸬ᅜ㝿⎔ቃ༠ຊ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ 286 㸯㸫㸰㸬⾜Ⅽᚿྥᛶ 288

㸯㸫㸱㸬┦஫㛵ಀ 289

➨㸰⠇ ⌮㸦issue-oriented identity㸧ࡢ⎔ቃ༠ຊ 290 㸰㸫㸯㸬⎔ቃศ⛉ጤဨ఍ࡢᴫほ 290

㸰㸫㸰㸬ᐩᒣ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈ 292

㸰㸫㸱㸬⌮㸦issue-oriented identity㸧ࡢ⎔ቃ༠ຊ 294

➨㸱⠇ ࠕ༠⏕ࠖࡢ⎔ቃ༠ຊ 297

㸱㸫㸯㸬ࠕ࡜ࡸࡲᐉゝࠖࡢ୕ศ㢮 297 㸱㸫㸰㸬⎔ቃᩍ⫱ 300

㸱㸫㸱㸬ᢏ⾡᝟ሗඹ᭷ 301 㸱㸫㸲㸬ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ 303

➨㸲⠇ ๰㐀ᛶ 307

㸲㸫㸯㸬ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ከᅜ㛫⎔ቃ༠ຊ 307 㸲㸫㸰㸬NOWPAP࡜NEAR 311 㸲㸫㸱㸬DSS-RETA࡜NEAR 314

➨㸳⠇ ㄢ㢟 317

ᑠ ᣓ㸸๰㐀ᛶࡢNEAR⎔ቃ༠ຊ 321

⤖ ㄽ ⮬ᚊ࡜๰㐀ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭333 ᗎ 333

ศᯒ⤖ᯝࡢᩚ⌮㸸ࣇ࢓࢖ࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࢫ 333

⥲ ᣓ㸸⮬ᚊ࡜๰㐀ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ 343

vi

ᅗ⾲୍ぴ

ۂᅗ࣭ࢢࣛࣇ

ᅗᗎ-1 㡿ᇦᛶࡢ෌⦅࡜ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ 3

ᅗᗎ-2 ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢከ୰ᚰⓗᵓᅗ 8 ᅗᗎ-3 NEARຍ┕ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓᆅᅗ 17

ᅗᗎ-4 NEARຍ┕ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢ㠃✚࡜ேཱྀ 20 ᅗᗎ-5 NEARຍ┕ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢ⤒῭つᶍ࡜ேཱྀ 21

㝃ᅗᗎ-1 ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢከᒙⓗதⅬ㐃ᦠ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ 31 㝃ᅗᗎ-2 ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔භࣨᅜࡢPolity ϫࠕᨻయࠖᣦᶆࡢ᥎⛣ 40 㝃ᅗᗎ-3 ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔භࣨᅜࡢFreedom Houseࠕ⮬⏤ࠖᣦᶆࡢ᥎⛣ 41 ᅗ1-1 ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㉺ቃ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ 50 ᅗ1-2 ᅜ㝿⾜Ⅽయ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢᅜ㝿⾜ືࣔࢹࣝ 58

ᅗ1-3 ከ㈡ࡢࠕ⾜Ⅽయࡢ῝ᒙࠖࣔࢹࣝ 61

ᅗ1-4 ᅜ㝿⾜Ⅽయ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢ┦஫㛵ಀࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ 64 ᅗ1-5 ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣝ㉺ቃ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡢ⌮ᛕࣔࢹࣝ 66

ᅗ2-1 ጜጒ㒔ᕷᥦᦠ⥲ᩘࡢ᥎⛣㸦┦ᡭඛᅜูࠊୖẁ⣼ィ࣭ୗẁ᪂つ㸧 86

ᅗ2-2 ጜጒ㒔ᕷᥦᦠ⥲ᩘࡢ᥎⛣㸦┦ᡭඛᅜูࠊୖẁ᪥ᮏ࣭୰ẁ୰ᅜ࣭ୗẁ㡑ᅜ㸧 87 ᅗ2-3 ᪥ᮏࡢጜጒ㒔ᕷ஺ὶ㸦ᆅ᪉ࣈࣟࢵࢡู㸧 89

ᅗ2-4 ᪥ᮏࡢᆅ᪉ᨻᗓูᥦᦠ┦ᡭඛࡢᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࣭⡿ᅜẚ⋡㸦㒔㐨ᗓ┴ู㸧 90 ᅗ2-5 ୰ᅜࡢጜጒ㒔ᕷ஺ὶ㸦ᆅ᪉ࣈࣟࢵࢡู㸧 92

ᅗ2-6 ୰ᅜࡢᆅ᪉ᨻᗓูᥦᦠ┦ᡭඛࡢᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࣭⡿ᅜẚ⋡㸦┬࣭⮬἞༊࣭┤㎄ᕷู㸧 93 ᅗ2-7 㡑ᅜࡢጜጒ㒔ᕷ஺ὶ㸦ᆅ᪉ࣈࣟࢵࢡู㸧 95

ᅗ2-8 㡑ᅜࡢᆅ᪉ᨻᗓูᥦᦠ┦ᡭඛࡢᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࣭⡿ᅜẚ⋡㸦㐨࣭ᗈᇦᕷู㸧 96 ᅗ2-9 NEARᐃ౛఍㆟࡬ࡢຍ┕ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢཧຍᩘ࠾ࡼࡧ๭ྜࡢ᥎⛣㸦ᅜู㸧 107 ᅗ2-10 ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢNEARᐃ౛఍㆟࡬ࡢཧຍᅇᩘศᕸ 110

ᅗ2-11 NEARཧຍᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ศᯒ 111

ᅗ2-12 NEARຍ┕ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ࡜ጜጒ㸦཭ዲ㸧㒔ᕷᥦᦠ㛵ಀ㸦2012ᖺ᫬Ⅼ㸧 115 ᅗ2-13 NEAR࡟࠾ࡅࡿጜጒ㒔ᕷ㛵ಀ 116

ᅗ3-1 ➨1ᅇNEAR఍㆟ཧຍᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ࡜ጜጒ㒔ᕷ㛵ಀ㸦1993ᖺ10᭶㸧 132 ᅗ3-2 ➨2ᅇNEAR఍㆟ཧຍᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ࡜ጜጒ㒔ᕷ㛵ಀ㸦1994ᖺ9᭶㸧 138

vii

ᅗ3-3 ➨3ᅇNEAR఍㆟ཧຍᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ࡜ጜጒ㒔ᕷ㛵ಀ㸦1995ᖺ9᭶㸧 140 ᅗ3-4 ➨4ᅇNEAR఍㆟ཧຍᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ࡜ጜጒ㒔ᕷ㛵ಀ㸦1996ᖺ9᭶㸧 143 ᅗ4-1 NEARࡢຍ┕ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓᩘࡢ᥎⛣㸦ᅜู㸧 156

ᅗ4-2 ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢNEARຍ┕࣭㠀ຍ┕᫬⣔ิศᕸ 157 ᅗ4-3 NEAR࡬ࡢᅜูຍ┕ᩘࡢ᥎⛣ 159

ᅗ4-4 NEARຍ┕ࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ศᯒ 159

ᅗ4-5 Ẹ୺໬ᣦᶆ࡜ᅜูNEAR㐃ྜຍ┕⋡ࡢ┦㛵 161 ᅗ4-6 NEARຍ┕ࡢἼཬࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ 163

ᅗ4-7 ࣔࣥࢦࣝࡢNEARຍ┕Ἴཬࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸸᪂つຍ┕ᩘ࡜⣼✚๭ྜࡢ᥎⛣ 165

ᅗ4-8 ࣔࣥࢦࣝࡢNEARᐃ౛఍㆟࡬ࡢཧຍ≧ἣࡢ᥎⛣ 170 ᅗ4-9 ࣔࣥࢦࣝࡢNEAR⥲఍࡬ࡢ௦⾲ཧຍ⪅ࡢ⫋㈐ 170

ᅗ4-10 ࣟࢩ࢔ࡢNEARຍ┕Ἴཬࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸸᪂つຍ┕ᩘ࡜⣼✚๭ྜࡢ᥎⛣ 172

ᅗ4-11 ࣟࢩ࢔ࡢNEARᐃ౛఍㆟࡬ࡢཧຍ≧ἣࡢ᥎⛣ 176 ᅗ4-12 ࣟࢩ࢔ࡢNEAR⥲఍࡬ࡢ௦⾲ཧຍ⪅ࡢ⫋㈐ 176

ᅗ4-13 㡑ᅜࡢNEARຍ┕Ἴཬࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸸᪂つຍ┕ᩘ࡜⣼✚๭ྜࡢ᥎⛣ 178

ᅗ4-14 㡑ᅜࡢNEARᐃ౛఍㆟࡬ࡢཧຍ≧ἣࡢ᥎⛣ 182 ᅗ4-15 㡑ᅜࡢNEAR⥲఍࡬ࡢ௦⾲ཧຍ⪅ࡢ⫋㈐ 182

ᅗ4-16 ୰ᅜࡢNEARຍ┕Ἴཬࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸸᪂つຍ┕ᩘ࡜⣼✚๭ྜࡢ᥎⛣ 184

ᅗ4-17 ୰ᅜࡢNEARᐃ౛఍㆟࡬ࡢཧຍ≧ἣࡢ᥎⛣ 188 ᅗ4-18 ୰ᅜࡢNEAR⥲఍࡬ࡢ௦⾲ཧຍ⪅ࡢ⫋㈐ 188

ᅗ4-19 ໭ᮅ㩭ࡢNEARຍ┕Ἴཬࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸸᪂つຍ┕ᩘ࡜⣼✚๭ྜࡢ᥎⛣ 190

ᅗ4-20 ໭ᮅ㩭ࡢNEARᐃ౛఍㆟࡬ࡢཧຍ≧ἣࡢ᥎⛣ 194

ᅗ4-21 ᪥ᮏࡢNEARຍ┕Ἴཬࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸸᪂つຍ┕ᩘ࡜⣼✚๭ྜࡢ᥎⛣ 196

ᅗ4-22 ᪥ᮏࡢNEARᐃ౛఍㆟࡬ࡢཧຍ≧ἣࡢ᥎⛣ 199 ᅗ4-23 ᪥ᮏࡢNEAR⥲఍࡬ࡢ௦⾲ཧຍ⪅ࡢ⫋㈐ 199

㝃ᅗ4-1 Ἴཬ᭤⥺ࡢᙧ≧㸦SᏐ᭤⥺ࠊฝᆺ᭤⥺㸧 202

ᅗ5-1 NEARࡢ⤌⧊ᅗ㸦1996ᖺ᫬Ⅼࠊᴫ␎㸧 214 ᅗ5-2 NEARࡢ⤌⧊ᅗ㸦2004ᖺ᫬Ⅼࠊᴫ␎㸧 216 ᅗ5-3 NEARࡢ⤌⧊ᅗ㸦2012ᖺ⌧ᅾࠊᴫ␎㸧 220 ᅗ5-4 NEARグ❶ 221

ᅗ5-5 ஧ࡘࡢᖖタ஦ົᒁタ⨨᱌㸦ᣦ᥹࿨௧⣔⤫㸧 227

ᅗ5-6 රᗜ᱌ 229

viii ᅗ5-7 ఍㆟㛤ദ⤒㈝ࡢ୍㒊ศᢸไ 237

㝃ᅗ5-1 ࣂࣝࢺᾏ㒔ᕷ㐃ྜ㸦UBC㸧ࡢ⤌⧊ᅗ 250 ᅗ6-1 άື㡿ᇦ࡜⾜Ⅽᚿྥᛶ 258

ᅗ6-2 ➨1ᅇᐇົጤဨ఍ࡢᥦ᱌ෆᐜࡢศ㢮㸦ᅜู㸧 261 ᅗ6-3 ศ⛉ጤဨ఍ࡢᡤᒓࡢศ㢮㸦ᅜู㸧 268

ᅗ6-4 ศ⛉ጤဨ఍࡬ࡢཧຍ≧ἣࡢ᥎⛣ 269 ᅗ6-5 ศ⛉ጤဨ఍࡬ࡢཧຍ≧ἣࡢ᥎⛣ 270

㝃ᅗ6-1 ࠕNEAR஺ὶࡢ⯪ࠖ஦ᴗࡢཧຍᆅ᪉ᨻᗓูཧຍ⪅ᩘ 281

㝃ᅗ6-2 㧊☯䡫㸦Lee, Dong-Hyung㸧࡟ࡼࡿ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ㸸NEARཧຍࡢ┠ⓗ㸦」

ᩘᅇ⟅㸧 282

㝃ᅗ6-3 ศ⛉ጤဨ఍ࡢ఍㆟࡬ࡢཧຍ≧ἣࡢ᥎⛣㸦ᅜูࠊ῝໬ᮇ㸧 283

ᅗ7-1 ⎔ቃศ⛉ጤဨ఍ᵓᡂᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ࡜ጜጒ㸦཭ዲ㸧㒔ᕷᥦᦠ㛵ಀ 296

ᅗ7-2 ࠕᾏ㎶ࡢ⁻╔≀ㄪᰝࠖᐇ᪋ᾏᓊ 304

ᅗ7-3 㯤◁ᗈᇦࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢཧຍᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ 306

ᅗ7-4 ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢከᅜ㛫⎔ቃ༠ຊ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡜ཧຍᅜ 309

㝃ᅗ7-1 ཧຍᆅ᪉ᨻᗓᩘ࣭ᾏᓊᩘࠊཧຍேᩘ 326

㝃ᅗ7-2 ᅜูࡢཧຍᆅ᪉ᨻᗓᩘࡢ᥎⛣ 326

㝃ᅗ7-3 ⎔ቃศ⛉ጤဨ఍࡬ࡢཧຍ≧ἣࡢ㠀୍ᵝᛶ 331

ۂ⾲

⾲ᗎ-1 ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢ኱ู 7

⾲ᗎ-2 NEARᐃ౛఍㆟➼ࡢ⤒⦋ 24

⾲2-1 ࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫㉺ቃ㐃ᦠᯟ⤌ࡳ 99

⾲2-2 ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫㉺ቃ㐃ᦠᯟ⤌ࡳࡢᡤᒓᅜูᆅ⌮ⓗ⠊ᅖ 100

⾲2-3 ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫ᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣭࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ 102

⾲2-4 ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫㉺ቃ㐃ᦠᯟ⤌ࡳࡢศ㢮 105

⾲2-5 NEARᐃ౛఍㆟࡬ࡢཧຍᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ୍ぴ 109

⾲2-6 ྛࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓศ㢮 112

㝃⾲2-1 ᪥୰㡑୕㒔ᕷ஺ὶ 122

㝃⾲2-2 ᱱ࡜ᮔ࡟ࡼࡿᾏὒࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢱ࢖ࣉࡢศᯒ 123

⾲3-1 TRADP࡜NEAR࡟࠾ࡅࡿᶵᵓタ❧࡟⮳ࡿ⤒⦋ 127

⾲3-2 ➨4ᅇNEAR఍㆟㸻➨1ᅇNEAR⥲఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ₇ㄝ࣭ᥦ᱌ࡢᴫせ 144

ix

⾲5-1 NEARࡢ㆟㛗࣭๪㆟㛗ࡢኚ㑄 218

⾲5-2 NEAR஦ົᒁ࡬ࡢὴ㐵ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ୍ぴ 222

⾲6-1 ➨1ᅇᐇົጤဨ఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢᥦ᱌࣭Ⓨゝ୍ぴ 262

⾲6-2 ศ⛉ጤဨ఍࡜୺࡞஺ὶ࣭ඹྠ஦ᴗ୍ぴ 265

⾲6-3 ศ⛉ጤဨ఍ࡢᡤᒓ୍ぴ㸦῝໬ᮇ㸧 267

⾲7-1 ⎔ቃศ⛉ጤဨ఍ࡢ㛤ദ⤒⦋ 291

⾲7-2 ⎔ቃศ⛉ጤဨ఍ࡢ୺࡞ಶูࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ 299

⾲7-3 ⎔ቃศ⛉ጤဨ఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿᥦ᱌ಶูࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ୍ぴ࡜ᐇ᪋≧ἣ 319

⾲7-4 ⎔ቃศ⛉ጤဨ఍࡬ࡢཧຍ≧ἣ 320 㝃⾲7-1 ⁻╔≀ㄪᰝ࡬ࡢཧຍ≧ἣ୍ぴ 327

x

␎ㄒ୍ぴ

ADB Asian Development Bank ࢔ࢪ࢔㛤Ⓨ㖟⾜

AEBR Association of European Border Regions Ḣᕞᅜቃᆅᇦ༠఍

AER Assembly of European Regions Ḣᕞᆅᇦ఍㆟

AMF Asian Monetary Fund ࢔ࢪ࢔㏻㈌ᇶ㔠

ANMC21 Asian Network of Major Cities 21 ࢔ࢪ࢔኱㒔ᕷࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ21 APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ⤒῭༠ຊ఍㆟

ARF ASEAN Regional Forum ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜ㐃ྜᆅᇦࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ

ASEAN Association of South̺East Asian Nations ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜ㐃ྜ

ASEM Asia-Europe Meeting ࢔ࢪ࢔Ḣᕞ఍ྜ

CBC Cross Border Cooperation ㉺ቃ༠ຊ

CDI Community-based Development Initiative ᆅᇦ୺యᆺ㛤Ⓨ༠ຊ

CFP Common Fisheries Policy 㸦Ḣᕞ㸧ඹ㏻⁺ᴗᨻ⟇

CITYNET CITYNET ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ㒔ᕷ㛫༠ຊࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ

CLAIR Council of Local Authorities for International Relations

⮬἞యᅜ㝿໬༠఍

CoR Committee of the Regions 㸦Ḣᕞ㸧ࡢᆅᇦጤဨ఍

CPMR Conference of Peripheral Maritime Regions 㸦Ḣᕞ㸧ἢᓊ㎶ቃᆅᇦ఍㆟

DSS-RETA Regional Technical Assistance on Dust and Sandstorm

㯤◁ᑐ⟇ᆅᇦᢏ⾡༠ຊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ

EANET Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia

ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔㓟ᛶ㞵ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࢿࢵࢺ

࣮࣡ࢡ

EAS East Asia Summit ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔㤳⬻఍㆟

EASG East Asia Study Group ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢫࢱࢹ࢕࣭ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ

EAVG East Asia Vision Group ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࣅࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ

EGTC European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation 㡿ᇦⓗ༠ຊᅋయ ESCAP United Nations Economic and Social

Commission for Asia and the Pacific

ᅜ㐃࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ⤒῭♫఍ጤဨ఍

ESCAP SRO-ENEA

UN-ESCAP Subregional Office for East and North-East Asia

ᅜ㐃࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ⤒῭♫఍ጤဨ఍໭

ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔஦ົᡤ

EU European Union Ḣᕞ㐃ྜ

FASID Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development

ᅜ㝿㛤Ⓨ㧗➼◊✲ᶵᵓ

GAOK Governors Association of Korea ඲ᅜᕷ㐨▱஦༠㆟఍

GCNEA Governor̓s conference of the North East Asia ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᅜ㝿஺ὶ࣭༠ຊᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ ࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ

GEF Global Environment Facility ᆅ⌫⎔ቃࣇ࢓ࢩࣜࢸ࢕

xi

GMS Greater Mekong Subregion ኱࣓ࢥࣥᕝࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ

GTI Greater Tumen Initiative ኱ᅗ಼Ụ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈ

ICC International Coastal Cleanup ᅜ㝿ᾏᓊࢡ࣮ࣜࣥ࢔ࢵࣉ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥ

ICLEI International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives

ᅜ㝿⎔ቃ⮬἞య༠㆟఍

IGES Institute for Global Environmental Strategies ᆅ⌫⎔ቃᡓ␎◊✲ᶵ㛵

INTERREG INTERREG EU㉺ቃᆅᇦ㛫༠ຊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ

IULA International Union of Local Authorities ᅜ㝿ᆅ᪉⮬἞య㐃ྜ

JIAM Japan Intercultural Academy of Municipalities ඲ᅜᕷ⏫ᮧᅜ㝿ᩥ໬◊ಟᡤ JKSGM Japan-Korea Strait Governor meeting ᪥㡑ᾏᓙἢᓊᕷ㐨▱஦஺ὶ఍㆟

KEDO Korean peninsula Energy Development Organization

ᮅ㩭༙ᓥ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ

KEI Korea Environment Institute 㡑ᅜ⎔ቃ◊✲ᡤ

KLAFIR Korea Local Authorities Foundation for International Relations

㡑ᅜᆅ᪉⮬἞ᅋయᅜ㝿໬㈈ᅋ

LOGODEF Local Government Development Foundation ᆅ᪉⮬἞య㛤Ⓨ㈈ᅋ LTP Joint Research on Long-Range Transboundary

Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia

໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔㛗㊥㞳㉺ቃ኱Ẽởᰁඹྠ

◊✲

MALITA Marine Litter Activities ᾏὒࢦ࣑࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇ᪋ィ⏬

MIC Municipal International Cooperation ⮬἞యᅜ㝿༠ຊ

MLG Multi-Level Governance ࣐ࣝࢳ࣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ

NEAC Northeast Asian Conference on Environmental Cooperation

⎔᪥ᮏᾏ⎔ቃ༠ຊ఍㆟

NEADB Northeast Asian Development Bank ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔㛤Ⓨ㖟⾜

NEASPEC Northeast Asian Subregional Programme of Environmental Cooperation

໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦ⎔ቃ༠ຊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ

NEAPSM Northeast Asia Peace and Security Mechanism ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᖹ࿴Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒

NEAR Association of North East Asia Regional Governments

໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦ⮬἞య㐃ྜ

NET Natural Economic Territory ⮬↛⤒῭ᅪ

NOWPAP North-west Pacific Action Plan ໭すኴᖹὒᆅᇦᾏ⾜ືィ⏬

NPEC Northwest Pacific Region Environmental Cooperation Center

⎔᪥ᮏᾏ⎔ቃ༠ຊࢭࣥࢱ࣮

NPT Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

᰾රჾࡢ୙ᣑᩓ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᮲⣙

ODA Official Development Assistance ᨻᗓ㛤Ⓨ᥼ຓ

OEAED Organization for the East Asia Economic Development

ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔⤒῭஺ὶ᥎㐍ᶵᵓ

OECC Overseas Environmental Cooperation Center ᾏእ⎔ቃ༠ຊࢭࣥࢱ࣮

PATA Pacific Asia Travel Association ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒほග༠఍

xii

PECC Pacific Economic Cooperation Council ኴᖹὒ⤒῭༠ຊ఍㆟

PEMSEA Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia

ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᾏᇦ⎔ቃ⟶⌮ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩ

ࢵࣉ

PRCEE Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China

୰ᅜᅜᐙ⎔ቃಖㆤ⥲ᒁ⎔ቃ⤒῭ᨻ⟇

◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮

RAP MALI NOWPAP Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter

NOWPAPᾏὒࡈࡳᆅᇦ⾜ືィ⏬

R-20 R-20: Regions of Climate Change Ẽೃኚືࡢࡓࡵࡢୡ⏺ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ⾜ື

㐃ྜ

SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization ୖᾏ༠ຊᶵᵓ

SEA Single European Act ༢୍Ḣᕞ㆟ᐃ᭩

SPT Six-Party Talks භ⪅༠㆟

TAC Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia

ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔཭ዲ༠ຊ᮲⣙

TCS Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat ᪥୰㡑୕ᅜ༠ຊ஦ົᒁ TEMM Tripartite Environmental Ministers Meeting ᪥୰㡑୕࢝ᅜ⎔ቃ኱⮧఍ྜ

TPO Tourism Promotion Organization for Asian-Pacific Cities

࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ㒔ᕷほග᣺⯆ᶵᵓ

TRADP Tumen River Area Development Programme ᅗ಼Ụᆅᇦ㛤Ⓨィ⏬

UBC Union of Baltic Cities ࣂࣝࢺᾏ㒔ᕷ㐃ྜ

UCLG United Cities and Local Governments 㒔ᕷ࣭⮬἞య㐃ྜ

UCLG-ASPAC United Cities and Local Governments Asia-Pacific

㒔ᕷ࣭⮬἞య㐃ྜ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᨭ㒊

UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

ᅜ㐃◁₍໬ᑐฎ᮲⣙஦ົᒁ

UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

ᅜ㐃⎔ቃ㛤Ⓨ఍㆟㸦ᆅ⌫ࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ㸧

UNDP United Nations Development Programme ᅜ㐃㛤Ⓨィ⏬

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme ᅜ㐃⎔ቃィ⏬

UNESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

ᅜ㐃࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ⤒῭♫఍ጤဨ఍

UTO United Towns Organization ୡ⏺㒔ᕷ㐃ྜ

UNWTO United Nations World Tourism Organization ᅜ㐃ୡ⏺ほගᶵᵓ

YSLME Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem Project 㯤ᾏᗈᇦᾏὒ⏕ែ⣔ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ

- 1 -

ᗎ ㄽ

ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡜ NEAR

➨㸯⠇ ၥ㢟ព㆑

㸯㸫㸯㸬◊✲┠ⓗ

෭ᡓ⤊↉ᚋࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࡜ᅜ㝿⛛ᗎࡢኚᐜࡀ㐍ࡴ୰ࠊୡ⏺ྛᆅ࡛㡿ᇦ࣭ቃ⏺ࡢ෌⦅⌧㇟

ࡀ㐍⾜ࡋࡓ¹ࠋ୺ᶒᅜᐙࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ㸦region㸧ࡢᙧᡂࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ㸦local㸧ྠኈࡀᅜቃ

ࢆ㉺࠼࡚┤᥋⤖ࡧࡘࡃࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ㸦subregion㸧ࡢฟ⌧࡞࡝ࠊ㔜␚ࡍࡿᆅᇦኚᐜࡢࢲ࢖

ࢼ࣑ࢬ࣒࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗᗎ-1 ཧ↷㸧ࠋᅜ㝿♫఍ࡢࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㡿ᇦ࣭ቃ⏺ࡢኚᐜࢆ࠸࠿࡟ᤊ࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ

࠿²ࠋ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ㸦୺ᶒᅜᐙ㸧ࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡣ┦஫࡟࡝ࡢ

ࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀ࡟⨨࠿ࢀࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ᅜ㝿⛛ᗎࢆࡘࡃࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ

࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠕ」ᩘࡢ୺ᶒᅜᐙࡢ㒊ศࢆษࡾྲྀࡗࡓ㞟ྜࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ

࡛࡟࡞࠸ࠕ㉺ቃⓗ࡞ᅜ㝿♫఍༢఩ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵጞࡵࠊࠕᆅᇦ⤫ྜ◊✲ࡢ➨஧Ἴࠖ࡜ࡋ

࡚ᅜ㝿㛵ಀࡢ୺せ࡞◊✲ㄢ㢟ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡟ᾋୖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ³ࠋḢᕞ࡛ࡣ INTERREG ࡜⛠ࡉࢀࡿ

EUࡢ㉺ቃᆅᇦ㛫༠ຊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀᩚഛࡉࢀࠊ࣮࣮ࣘࣟࣜࢪࣙࣥ㸦Euroregion㸧ࢆྵࡴᵝࠎ

࡞ᙧែࡢࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ༠ຊࡀ㣕㌍ⓗ࡟῝໬࣭ᣑ኱ࡋࡓ⁴ࠋᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡶࠊ኱ᅗ಼Ụᅪࠊ῾ᾏ 㸭㯤ᾏᅪࠊ኱⳹༡ᅪࠊ኱࣓ࢥࣥᅪࠊᡂ㛗ࡢ୕ゅᆅᖏࠊᮾASEANᡂ㛗ᅪ࡞࡝ࡢࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙ

ࣥ༠ຊࡀ㐍ᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ⁵ࠋ

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢฟ⌧࡜ᣑ኱ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢᅜ㝿⛛ᗎࡢᇶᮏ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ㡿ᇦᛶ࡜༢఩ࡢ

- 2 -

ᴫᛕ࡟ಟṇࢆ㏕ࡾࠊ୺ᶒᅜᐙ୰ᚰࡢᅜ㝿♫఍య⣔ࢆ┦ᑐ໬ࡍࡿࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢬ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀ

࡚࠸ࡿ⁶ࠋ᥮ゝࡍࢀࡤࠊᶒຊ࡜ྜ⌮ᛶࡢ㏣ồࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋࡓఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᅜ㝿ᨻ἞ࡢ⛛ᗎㄽ⌮ࢆ㌿᥮

ࡋࠊ⏕ά♫఍ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ༠ㄪ࡜㠀㌷஦ࡢᖹ࿴ᅪ๰ฟ࡜ࡶ࠸࠺࡭ࡁࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝḟඖࡢ㠀ᅜᐙ⾜Ⅽ య୺ᑟࡢ⬺㡿ᇦⓗ࡞⛛ᗎㄽ⌮ᵓ⠏࡬ࡢᮇᚅ࡛࠶ࡿ⁷ࠋ

ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿぢ᪉ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୍✀ࡢࣛࢹ࢕࢝ࣝ࡞Ⓨ᝿࡛ࡢࡳᤊ࠼ࡽ

ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡀ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝḟඖ࡟ᾐ㏱ࡍࡿ

୰࡛ࢹ࣭ࣇ࢓ࢡࢺ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿᒁᆅ⤒῭ᅪࡢ୍᩿㠃࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅽಽⓗ࡟ከ࠸⁸ࠋ

ࡲࡓࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞㡿ᇦᛶ࡟ᇶ♏௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓᅜᐙ୰ᚰࡢ✵㛫࡟࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࡀཧຍࡍࡿධࢀᏊ≧

㸦nested㸧ࡢ㓄⨨ࡢࡲࡲࠊᅜᐙ㛫ࡢᶒຊᨻ἞ࡢࢶ࣮ࣝ࡞࠸ࡋࡣ⤒῭ⓗ࡞฼┈㏣ồࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ

ࡦ࡜ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⁹ࠋ

ࡣࡓࡋ࡚ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥᙧᡂ࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡿࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢬ࣒ࡣࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᅜ㝿ᨻ἞ࡢ⛛ᗎㄽ⌮ࢆ

┦ᑐ໬ࡍࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ᅜ㝿♫఍༢఩ࡢ๰㐀ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢලయീ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅜ㝿 㛵ಀࡢ୰࡟఩⨨௜ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿ࠋࡑࢀ࡜ࡶࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞㡿ᇦᛶࡢಖ඲࡞࠸ࡋࡣᙉ

໬࡜࠸࠺▸ᑠ໬ࡉࢀࡓᨻ἞ⓗࣞࢺࣜࢵࢡ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᅜᐙ㛫ࡢᶒຊᨻ἞ࡢࢶ࣮ࣝ࡞࠸ࡋࡣ⤒῭ⓗ

࡞฼┈㏣ồࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋ

ᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࠊ௨ୖࡢၥ࠸࡟ᑐࡋࠊᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔¹⁰ࢆ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥᙧᡂࣉࣟࢭ ࢫࡢᐇែᢕᥱ࡜࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢゎ᫂ࢆヨࡳࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ◊✲࡛୺ὶࡢ⤒῭

㡿ᇦ࡟㝈ᐃࡋࡓ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࢆྍど໬ࡋࡓไᗘⓗᐇయ

࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠕ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦ⮬἞య㐃ྜ㸦Association of North East Asia Regional Governments = NEAR㸧ࠖ¹¹ࢆ⣲ᮦ࡟ࠊไᗘࡢᙧᡂ࣭ᣑ኱ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾ࡼࡧ஺ὶ࣭༠ຊάື࡞

࡝ࡢᐇែࢆศᯒࡍࡿࠋᗈᇦᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㸦᪥ᮏࡢ㒔㐨ᗓ┴࡟┦ᙜ㸧¹²࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿᆅᇦᶵᵓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ NEARࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝḟඖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᨻ἞ຊᏛࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ᶵ⬟ࡢᯒฟ࡟↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡾ㎸ࡴࠋ ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㡿ᇦ࣭ቃ⏺ࡢ⦆ࡸ࠿࡞ኚᐜࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢬ࣒࡜ࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝḟඖ ࡢ㠀ᅜᐙ⾜Ⅽయ࡟ࡼࡿ⛛ᗎᙧᡂࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸どゅࢆ᥈ồࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮏㄽᩥࡢ┠

ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

- 3 -

ᅗᗎ-1 㡿ᇦᛶࡢ෌⦅࡜ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ

ὀ㸸ᐇ⥺࡛♧ࡋࡓ㡿ᇦࡀࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ㸦୺ᶒᅜᐙ㸧ࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࡣࡑࡢ୰࡟཰ࡲࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ไᗘⓗᏑᅾㄽࡢḟඖ࠿ࡽᅗ♧ࡋࡓࠋ୍

᪉࡛ࠊ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡜ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢ㡿ᇦࡣᙧᡂ㏵ୖ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛᫂☜࡟☜ᐃࡋᚓࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ◚⥺࡛♧ࡋࡓࠋ ฟᡤ㸸➹⪅సᡂࠋ

㸯㸫㸰㸬◊✲⫼ᬒ

ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢୡ⏺ྛᆅ࡛ࡢ⯆㝯࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࡽࡎࠊ⌧௦ᅜ㝿㛵ಀㄽ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙ

ࣥ࡟㛵ᚰࢆᐤࡏࡿ◊✲ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶከࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡜࠸࠺ྡࢆෙࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚

ࡶࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ」ᩘࡢ୺ᶒᅜᐙ඲యࡢ㞟ྜయ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࢆᢅ࠺◊✲ࡀከ࠸¹³ࠋᅜᐙ࣭

ᅜቃࢆᇶ‽࡟ࠊྜ⌮ⓗ⾜ືほ࡜᪉ἲㄽⓗࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒¹⁴࡟つᐃࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᅜ㝿㛵ಀࡢศᯒ ᡭἲ࡛ࡣࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝྠኈࡢࢺࣛࣥࢫࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞㛵ಀࢆᑕ⛬ࡢእ࡟⨨࠸࡚ࡁࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇែᢕᥱࡸᙧᡂ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢゎ᫂ࡣࠊ࠸ࡲࡔ⪃ᐹ㏵ୖࡢẁ㝵࡟࠶ࡾࠊ ᪉ἲㄽࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡋ࡚◊✲ୖࡢㄢ㢟ࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋ

ࡇࡢⅬࠊEU࡜࠸࠺᪂ࡓ࡞ᨻయ㸦polity㸧ࢆ๰㐀ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓḢᕞ࡛ࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢᨻ἞ⓗቃ⏺ࢆ㉺

࠼ࡓ㡿ᇦࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡟ࡍ࠼ࡓ◊✲ࡢ⵳✚ࡀ㇏ᐩ࡛࠶ࡿࠋヲ⣽ࡣ➨1❶࡛ㄽ㏙ࡍࡿࡀࠊᅜᐙ୺

ᶒࡢᨺᲠ࡜⥔ᣢ࡟↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡾ㎸ࢇࡔ⤫ྜ◊✲ࢆ⬺⓶ࡋࠊࠕ⤫ྜࡢ⤊↉ࠖ¹⁵ࡸࠕ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㌿ᅇ 㸦Governance Turn㸧ࠖ¹⁶࡜ࡶ⛠ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⤫ྜࡢព࿡ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀၥ࠸┤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ

ࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡣࠊ୺ᶒᅜᐙࡢṔྐࡀὸࡃࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞㡿ᇦᛶࡢಖ඲࡞࠸ࡋࡣᙉ໬

ࡀ᭱ඃඛㄢ㢟࡜ࡉࢀࡿ¹⁷ࠋ⤫ྜ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࡴࡋࢁᅜᐙ㛫ࡢ㝵ᒙⓗ࡞⛛ᗎࢆ㋃くࡋࡓᵓ㐀ࡀే⨨

ࡉࢀࡓࡲࡲࠊ㔠⼥ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡋࡓࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞༴ᶵࡀఏ᧛ࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᆅᇦ

࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ㸦region㸧

ex: EU ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ㸦national㸧

ࢧࣈࣜ㸫ࢪࣙࣥ㸦subregion㸧

࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ㸦local㸧

- 4 -

༠ຊᯟ⤌ࡳࡀ῝໬ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ⟶⌮ࡉࢀࡓศ⿣ࠖ࡜ࡶ࠸࠺࡭ࡁࠕศ⿣࡜㝵ᒙࡢᆅᇦ ᙧᡂࠖࢆṌࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡀᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛࠶ࡿ¹⁸ࠋ㠀ᅜᐙ⾜Ⅽయ࡟ࡼࡿࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥᙧᡂ࡟ᑐࡋ

࡚ࡶࠊᅜᐙࡢᑐእᡓ␎࡜↓㛵ಀ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡴࡋࢁࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞㡿ᇦᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓᨻ἞ⓗ⌧㇟

࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋࢫ࢝ࣛࣆ࣮ࣀ㸦R. A. Scalapino㸧ࡀᣦ᦬ࡋࡓ⤒῭ⓗ┦஫⿵᏶

ᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃNET㸦⮬↛⤒῭ᅪ㸧ㄽࡶࡇ࠺ࡋࡓぢ᪉࡟❧ࡗࡓⓎ᝿࡛࠶ࡿ¹⁹ࠋᅜᐙࢆ⾜Ⅽయࡢᇶ ᮏ༢఩࡜ࡋࡓ᪉ἲࢆ࡜ࡿ㝈ࡾࠊࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶᶒຊ࡜ྜ⌮ᛶࡢ㏣ồࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ ࡓᅜᐙ୰ᚰࡢ✵㛫࡟࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࡀཧຍࡍࡿධࢀᏊ≧ࡢ㓄⨨࡜ࡋ࡚ࡋ࠿ᫎࡽ࡞࠸²⁰ࠋ

ᮏㄽᩥࡀᢅ࠺ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ࡣࠊ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃᅜᐙࡢ㡿ᇦᛶࡀᙉᅛ࡟ṧᏑࡋࡓࡲࡲࡢ࣮ࣜࢪ

ࣙࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ᱁ࢆᖏࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ²¹ࠋᮅ㩭༙ᓥࡢศ᩿ࡸ㡿ᅵࡢ㡿᭷ᶒࢆࡵࡄࡿᑐ❧ࠊṔྐㄆ㆑

ᦶ᧿࡜࠸ࡗࡓ෭ᡓࡢṧ⁦ࢆᘬࡁࡎࡾࠊ⤒῭ⓗ┦஫౫Ꮡࡢᣑ኱࡜⿬⭡࡟ᆅᇦ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕

ࡢᙧᡂࡀ㐜ࢀࠊࣟࢬ࣐ࣥ㸦G. Rozman㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠕⓎ⫱୙Ⰻࡢᆅᇦ୺⩏㸦Stunted Regionalism㸧ࠖ࡜⛠ࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥᙧᡂࡣ೵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ²²ࠋࠕᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ඹྠࡢᐙࠖ

ࡸࠕᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ඹྠయࠖ࡞࡝ࡢᵓ᝿࡛ࡍࡽࠊ2000 ᖺ௦࡟ධࡗ࡚࠿ࡽⓏሙࡋࡓ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸²³ࠋ ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᅜ㝿㛵ಀ࡞࠸ࡋࡣ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲㄽࡢከࡃࡣࠊྜ⌮ᛶ

࡜ᶵ⬟ࡢ୧㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ᅜᐙ୺య࡟೫㔜ࡋࡓ᪉ἲㄽࡀከࡃࢆ༨ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓ²⁴ࠋࢺࣛࢵࢡϩࣞ࣋ࣝ

࡛◊✲ࡀ㐍ࡴࣇ࢕ࢪ࣭࢝ࣝࣉࣛࣥࢽࣥࢢ㸦physical planning㸧ࡢࠕ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢢࣛࣥࢻࢹࢨ

࢖ࣥࠖᵓ᝿ࡶࡑࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ²⁵ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒◊✲࡛ࡣࠊḢᕞ ࡢ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ◊✲࡜ࡣᑐ↷ⓗ࡟ࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝḟඖࡢ㠀ᅜᐙ⾜Ⅽయ࡟ࡼࡿᨻ἞⾜Ⅽࡸゝㄝ࡟ࡘ࠸

࡚ࡢ⪃ᐹࡣ➼㛩࡟௜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᆅ᪉⮬἞ࡀ⥲ࡌ࡚ᮍⓎ㐩࡞ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶ

࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࡢ⮬ᚊᛶࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟᠜␲ⓗ࡞ホ౯ࡀୗࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢧ

ࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࢆ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝྠኈࡢ஺ὶ࣭༠ຊ㛵ಀࡢᒎ㛤࡜࠸࠺どⅬ࠿ࡽ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᐇែ

㠃࡛ࡢ㐜ࢀ࠿ࡽᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ

ࡔࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᅜᐙ୰ᚰ࡛ᆅᇦࡢᅜ㝿⛛ᗎࡀㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡉ࠼ࠊࡑ ࡢ῝ᒙ㒊ศࢆᏊ⣽࡟ほᐹࡍࢀࡤࠊ㠀ᅜᐙ⾜Ⅽయࡢᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡿࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢬ࣒ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᅜᐙࡢᡓ␎ࡸᕷሙ୰ᚰࡢNET࡞࡝࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ≉ᛶࡀࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝྠኈࡢ஺ὶ࣭༠ຊ㛵ಀࡢ୰

࡟ぢฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᅜᐙ㛫ࡢ┦ඞࡀ⥆ࡃᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ᆅᇦ༠ຊࡢ᥎㐍ຊ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ ࡣࠊᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ࡞࡝ࡢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝḟඖࡢ⾜Ⅽయ࡟ࡼࡿ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ᨻ἞⾜Ⅽࡢ⵳✚࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᅜᐙ㛫 ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ㉸࠼࡚ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓྠኈࡀࢺࣛࣥࢫࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡟ᆅᇦ㛫༠ᐃࢆ⥾⤖ࡋࠊᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡓά

- 5 -

ືࡢሙࡢᙧᡂࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ²⁶ࠋᅜ㝿♫఍࡛ὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᑡ

࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᗈᇦᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡀཧຍࡍࡿ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝྠኈࡢ༠ຊ㛵ಀࢆ┠ᣦࡍᆅᇦᶵ ᵓࡀㄌ⏕ࡍࡿࡲ࡛࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ2013ᖺ⌧ᅾ࡛6࢝ᅜ71ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ࡟ࡲ࡛ᣑ኱ࡋࡓNEARࡀࡑ ࡢ௦⾲᱁࡛࠶ࡿࠋNEARࡢᙧᡂ࣭ᒎ㛤ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆほᐹࡍࢀࡤࠊᅜᐙ㸦୰ኸᨻᗓ㸧ࡢᨻ἞㈨※

ࡀᢞධࡉࢀࠊᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᅜᐙ㛫㛵ಀ࡜῝࠸㛵ࢃࡾࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊྛᅜᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢ⮬

ᚊⓗ࡞ᨻ἞⾜Ⅽ࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ࠊNEARࡣ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛Ꮡ⥆ࡋᚓ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜᐙ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ࣜ

࣮ࢪࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ♫఍⌧㇟ࡀ┳㐣ࡉࢀࠊ㆟ㄽࡢಋୖ࡟㍕ࡏࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡍࡽ

ᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

21ୡ⣖࡟ධࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࠕᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ඹྠయࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢゝㄝࡀேཱྀ࡟⮊⅝ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡀ

27ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢෆᐜࡀࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢆඞ᭹ࡍࡿゝㄝࡢࡼ࠺࡛ࡣ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊḟ➨࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ

ࡢᅜᐙ୰ᚰࡢᛮ᝿࡟ഴ࠸࡚࠸ࡃ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ㝗✶࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿᵓᅗࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ²⁸ࠋ RCEP㸦ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦໟᣓⓗ⤒῭㐃ᦠ㸧ࡸ᪥୰㡑FTA࡞࡝ࡢᆅᇦᵓ᝿࡞࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡢ᥎㐍ຊࡣ ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋᅜᐙ࡜ᕷሙࡢ㛵ಀࡀ๓㠃࡟ฟ࡚ࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡬ࡢ

║ᕪࡋࡣⷧࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࠋᖹ࿴࣭࿴ゎ࡜⦾ᰤࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢆඞ᭹ࡍࡿᡭẁࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡜

ࡋ࡚Ⓩሙࡋࡓ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡶࠊᕷẸ♫఍࡟ࡼࡿࠕ࣮࣭ࣟ࢝ࣝ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈࠖ²⁹ࡢᨭᣢ ࡀ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊᖹ࿴ⓗ࡞✵㛫ࡢᙧᡂ࡜࠸࠺ᮏ᮶ࡢ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࡢ⾜Ⅽయྠኈ ࡀᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼࡚⤖ࡧࡘࡃࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࢆᙉ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡇࡑࡀࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢆඞ᭹

ࡋࠊᆅᇦࡢᖹ࿴࣭Ⓨᒎ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ╔ᐇ࡞㐨⛬࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋⓒ℩ᏹࡀࢧࣈࣜ

࣮ࢪࣙࣥ◊✲ࢆࠕᆅୖ࡛ࡢேࠎࡢႠࡳ࡟ᐦ╔ࡋࡓほᐹ࠿ࡽ኱≧ἣࢆぢᐃࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ◊✲ࠖ࡜఩

⨨࡙ࡅࡓࡼ࠺࡟³⁰ࠊ㌟㏆࡞⏕ά✵㛫ࡢどᗙ࠿ࡽᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᅜ㝿㛵ಀ࡟᥋㏆ࡍࡿసᴗࡀᮏㄽ

ᩥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⪃ᐹࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞᪉㔪࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

- 6 -

➨㸰⠇ ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡬ࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ

ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣࠊ෭ᡓ⤊↉ᚋ࡟Ⓩሙࡋࡓ◊✲ศ㔝࡛࠶

ࡾࠊ⵳✚ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶከࡃ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ⠇࡛ࡣࠊඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ୺࡞࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆᴫほࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ◊✲ࡢ≉ᛶࢆᢕᥱࡋࠊᮏㄽᩥࡢㄢ㢟࡜どⅬࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ࡞

࠾ࠊᅜᐙࢆ୺せ࡞⾜Ⅽయ࡜ࡋࡓ᪉ἲㄽࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡣཎ๎ⓗ࡟ᤞ㇟ࡋࡓࠋ

㸰㸫㸯㸬ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢᴫᛕᩚ⌮

ࡲࡎࠊࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢᆅ⌮✵㛫ࡢᴫᛕࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ

ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ୰ᅜࠊ㡑ᅜࠊ໭ᮅ㩭ࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝࠊࣟࢩ࢔ᴟᮾ㒊࡜࠸࠺᪤Ꮡࡢᨻ἞ⓗቃ⏺

ࡢ኱㒊ศࢆཷࡅධࢀࡓᗈ࠸ᐃ⩏࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢ୍㒊ࢆษࡾྲྀࡗࡓ᪥ᮏࡢ᪥ᮏᾏഃࠊ୰ᅜᮾ໭㒊ࠊ ᮅ㩭༙ᓥࡢ᪥ᮏᾏ㸦ᮾᾏ㸧ഃࠊࣟࢩ࢔ᴟᮾ㒊࡞࡝ࡢ⬺ᅜᐙ㡿ᇦⓗ࡞ᴫᛕࡲ࡛ᖜᗈࡃᥦฟࡉࢀ

࡚ࡁࡓ³¹ࠋほᐹ⪅ࡸᥦၐ⪅ࡢศᯒどᗙࡸᡓ␎࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢᆅ⌮ⓗ⠊ᅖࡣ ఙ⦰⮬ᅾ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿ³²ࠋ࣌ࣥ࣌ࣝ㸦T. J. Pempel㸧ࡀᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢆࠕ෌ᆅᅗ

໬㸦Remapping㸧ࠖ࡜ᴫᛕ໬ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡶ୍⩏ⓗ࡟ᐃ⩏࡛ࡁ

ࡿᆅᅗࡣᏑᅾࡏࡎࠊࡑࡢ᫬ࠎ࡟┤㠃ࡍࡿㄢ㢟࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ᥥ෗ࡢ௙᪉ࡶኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ³³ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ ࡓᆅ⌮ⓗ⠊ᅖࡢ᭕᫕ࡉ࡜」㞧࡞ኚ໬ࡣࠊࠕ㏆௦ᅜẸᅜᐙࡢⓏሙ௨๓࡟Ꮡᅾࡋࡓ㔜ᒙⓗ࡛」㞧

࡞ᆅᇦࡢᵓ㐀ࡀࠊᅜẸᅜᐙࡢ┦ᑐ໬࡟࡜ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚෌⌧ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺୍㠃ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࠿ࡽ࡜

ࡢᣦ᦬ࡶ࠶ࡿ³⁴ࠋ

ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲࡛ᥦฟࡉࢀࡓ௦⾲ⓗ࡞⠊ᅖࢆ౛♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺㸦ᅗᗎ-2 ཧ↷㸧ࠋࣟࢬ࣐

ࣥ㸦G. Rozman㸧ࡣࠊᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࢆࠊϨ㸬୰ࣟ኱㝣ᅜቃࠊϩ㸬୰ࣟᮅᅇᗯࠊ

Ϫ㸬᪥ࣟἢᓊᆅᇦࠊϫ㸬᪥㡑ᮅἢᓊᆅᇦࠊϬ㸬୰ᮅᅜቃᆅᇦࠊϭ㸬୰㡑㯤ᾏἢᓊᆅᇦࠊϮ㸬

᪥㡑ἢᓊᅪࠊϯ㸬᪥୰ἢᓊᆅᇦ̿̿ࡢඵࡘ࡟ศ㢮ࡍࡿ³⁵ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㔠㸦Kim㸧࡜ᓲ㸦Choe㸧ࡣࠊ

໭᪉ෆ㝣ࠊ⎔᪥ᮏᾏ㸦ᮾᾏ㸧ࠊ⎔㯤ᾏࠊ᪥㡑ᾏᓙᅪ̿̿ࡢᅄࡘ࡟ᩚ⌮ࡍࡿ³⁶ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢศ㢮ࡣࠊ ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡀࡑࡢୗ఩࡟」ᩘࡢ࣑ࢡ࣮ࣟࣜࢪࣙࣥ㸦microregion㸧ࢆෆໟࡍࡿከ୰ᚰⓗᵓ

- 7 -

ᅗ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋḢᕞࡢINTERREG࡜㛵㐃௜ࡅࢀࡤࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣑ࢡ࣮ࣟࣜࢪࣙ

ࣥࡣࢫࢺࣛࣥࢻAࡢ㉺ቃ༠ຊ㸦cross border cooperation = CBC㸧࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ³⁷ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ ᮏㄽᩥࡀ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿNEAR ࡣࠊࡼࡾᗈᇦ࡞⠊ᅖ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢ

୰࡛ࡶࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࣐ࢡ࣮ࣟࣜࢪࣙࣥ㸦macroregion㸧ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ㆟ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦⾲ᗎ-1 ཧ↷㸧ࠋ

INTERREGࡢࢫࢺࣛࣥࢻBࡢ⬺ᅜᐙ㛫༠ຊ㸦transnational cooperation㸧࡞࠸ࡋࡣࢫࢺࣛࣥࢻ

Cࡢᆅᇦ㛫༠ຊ㸦interregional cooperation㸧ࡢ⠊␪࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ³⁸ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᮏㄽᩥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣑

ࢡ࣭࣐ࣟࢡࣟࢆཝᐦ࡟༊ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ

⾲ᗎ-1 ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢ኱ู

㠀ᅜᐙ⾜Ⅽయᆺ ᅜᐙ୺ᑟᆺ

ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ

㸦subregion㸧

࣐ࢡ࣮ࣟࣜࢪࣙࣥ

㸦macroregion㸧 NEARࠊGCNEA^* GTI^**

࣑ࢡ࣮ࣟࣜࢪࣙࣥ

㸦microregion㸧

⎔᪥ᮏᾏᅪ㸦⎔᪥ᮏᾏᣐⅬ㒔ᕷ఍㆟㸧ࠊ⎔

㯤ᾏᅪ㸦BESETOࠊOEAED㸧ࠊ᪥㡑ᾏᓙ ᅪ㸦KJSGS㸧ࠊ୰ࣟ኱㝣ᅜቃࠊ୰ᮅᅜቃᆅ ᇦࠊ᪥ࣟἢᓊᆅᇦ㸦᪥ࣟἢᓊᕷ㛗఍㸧ࠊ᪥

୰ἢᓊᆅᇦ ➼

TRADP^**

* 㸸GCNEA㸦໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᅜ㝿஺ὶ࣭༠ຊᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ㸧ࡣࠊ㫽ྲྀ┴ࠊ୰ᅜྜྷᯘ┬ࠊ㡑ᅜỤཎ㐨ࠊࣟࢩ࢔ἢᾏᆅ᪉ࠊࣔࣥࢦ

ࣝ୰ኸ┴࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿᗈᇦᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ࣐ࢡ࣮ࣟࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡓࠋ

** 㸸ᅜᐙ୺ᑟᆺࡢTRADP㸦ᅗ಼Ụᆅᇦ㛤Ⓨィ⏬㸧࡜GTI㸦኱ᅗ಼Ụ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ୰ᮅࣟࣔ㡑ࡢ5࠿ᅜࡀཧຍ

ࡍࡿᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㛤Ⓨᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊTRADP㸦୰ᅜྜྷᯘ┬ᘏ㎶ᮅ㩭⮬἞ᕞࠊ໭ᮅ㩭⨶ὠᕷࠊࣟࢩ࢔ἢᾏᆅ᪉ࡢ୍㒊ࠊ

ࣔࣥࢦࣝᮾ㒊ᆅᇦ㸧ࡣ࣑ࢡ࣮ࣟࣜࢪࣙࣥࠊGTI㸦୰ᅜᮾ໭୕┬㸦㑈ᑀ┬࣭ྜྷᯘ┬࣭㯮㱟Ụ┬㸧ࠊෆࣔࣥࢦࣝ⮬἞༊ࠊ໭ᮅ㩭

⨶ඛ⤒῭㈠᫆ᆅᖏࠊ㡑ᅜᮾ㒊ἢᾏ㒔ᕷ࡬࡜ᣑ኱㸧ࡣ࣐ࢡ࣮ࣟࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ ฟᡤ㸸➹⪅సᡂࠋ

- 8 -

ᅗᗎ-2 ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢከ୰ᚰⓗᵓᅗ 1㸧Rozman࡟ࡼࡿศ㢮

2㸧Kim࡜Choe࡟ࡼࡿศ㢮

ฟᡤ㸸Won Bae Kim, Yue-Man Yeung, Sang-Chuel Choe, eds, Collaborative Regional Development in Northeast Asia, Chinese Univ Pr, 2011, p. 181, p. 7.

- 9 -

㸰㸫㸰㸬ᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ

ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࢆศᯒ┠ⓗ࠿ࡽ኱ูࡍࢀࡤࠊձᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗ

࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠊղ⾜Ⅽయ̿✵㛫ㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠊճᶵᵓㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢ୕ࡘ࡟ศ㢮ྍ⬟࡛࠶

ࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࡲࡎࠊᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ◊✲ࡢ୺ὶ࡛࠶ࡿձᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣࠊ1㸧⤒

῭㸦ᨻ἞⤒῭㸧Ꮫⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜2㸧⤒῭ᆅ⌮Ꮫⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢ஧ࡘ࡟༊ศ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ

๓⪅ࡢ1㸧⤒῭㸦ᨻ἞⤒῭㸧Ꮫⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣࠊࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࢆࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᕷሙࡢୗ࡛ࢹ࣭

ࣇ࢓ࢡࢺ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ⤒῭༢఩࡜ࡳࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋඛ㏙ࡋࡓᒁᆅ⤒῭ᅪࡸNETㄽࡢ

࡯࠿ࠊ኱๓㸦K. Ohmae㸧ࡢᆅᇦᅜᐙ㸦region states㸧ㄽ³⁹ࠊ჆ᩘࡢࠕᡂ㛗ࡢ୕ゅᆅᖏ㸦GT㸧ࠖ

40ࠊᙰ㸦D. Peng㸧ࡢࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣝ⤒῭ᅪ㸦SREZs㸧⁴¹ࠊ㈗ᐙ㸦K. Sasuga㸧ࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ

࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒㸦microregionalism㸧⁴²࡞࡝ࠊࡇࡢ㢮࠸ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣከᩘ࡟ୖࡿࠋ⏕⏘せ⣲ࡢ

┦஫⿵᏶ᛶ࡜ᆅ⌮ⓗ㏆᥋ᛶ࡞࡝ࢆ᰿ᣐ࡟ࠊᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡓ⤒῭ᅪࡢᙧᡂ࡟୺║ࢆ⨨ࡃࡢࡀ≉ᚩ

࡛࠶ࡿ⁴³ࠋᅜᐙ࣮࣋ࢫࡢ㛤Ⓨィ⏬࣭ᵓ᝿ࡢ㢮࠸࡛ࡣࠊUNDP㸦ᅜ㐃㛤Ⓨィ⏬㸧࡟ࡼࡿTRDAP 㸦ᅗ಼Ụᆅᇦ㛤Ⓨィ⏬㸧࣭GTI㸦኱ᅗ಼Ụ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧⁴⁴ࡢ࡯࠿ࠊ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔㈠᫆ᅇᗯ⁴⁵ࠊ

໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔㍺㏦ᅇᗯ⁴⁶ࠊNEADB㸦໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔㛤Ⓨ㖟⾜㸧⁴⁷ࠊ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢢࣛࣥࢻࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡞

࡝ࡢᵓ᝿⩌ࡶࡇࡇ࡟ྵࡵ࡚ᕪࡋᨭ࠼࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ⤒῭࡜ࡢ┦஫౫Ꮡࢆᙉࡵᣑ኱࣭

῝໬ࡍࡿ⎔㯤ᾏᅪ࡟ẚ࡭⁴⁸ࠊ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚㞳㝣ࡢືࡁࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸⎔᪥ᮏᾏᅪ࡛ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ 㛤Ⓨᵓ᝿ࡢ㢮࠸ࡀẚ㍑ⓗ࡟ከ࠸⁴⁹ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ୺ὶὴࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣࠊྜ⌮ᛶࢆ᰿ᣐ࡜ࡍࡿ⤒

῭ⓗ฼┈ࡢ᭱኱໬ࢆ୺║࡜ࡋࠊ㈠࣭᫆ᢞ㈨࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⤒῭άືࡢᗈᇦⓗ࡞ᒎ㛤ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜ᐦ᥋࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊ2㸧⤒῭ᆅ⌮Ꮫⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ

ࣝ⤒῭ࡢࣇ࣮ࣟࡢ⤖⠇Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ㒔ᕷ࡟╔┠ࡋࠊࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡

ࢡ࡟ศᯒࡢ㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡃࠋୡ⏺㒔ᕷㄽࢆ㛤ᣅࡋࡓࣇ࣮ࣜࢻ࣐ࣥ㸦J. Friedmann㸧࡟ࡼࡿ⎔㯤ᾏ ඹྠ༊ᵓ᝿⁵⁰ࡸࠊ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢢࣛࣥࢻࢹࢨ࢖ࣥᵓ᝿ࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࡟࠶ࡿBESETOᅇᗯ⁵¹ࠊࡑࢀ

ࢆᣑᙇࡋࡓBESETOSHA⁵²࡞࡝ࡀࡇࢀ࡟ᙜࡓࡿ⁵³ࠋࡲࡓࠊୖ఩㝵ᒙ࡟࠶ࡿୡ⏺㒔ᕷ㛫ࡔࡅ࡛

ࡣ࡞ࡃᆅ᪉㒔ᕷ㛫࡟↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡗࡓ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊ⚟ᒸ࣭㔩ᒣ㉸ᗈᇦ⤒῭ᅪ◊✲⁵⁴ࡸࠊࡑ ࡢ㈠᫆ྲྀᘬ࡞࡝ࡢᗈᇦὶືᛶࡸ௻ᴗάືࡢ┦஫౫Ꮡ㛵ಀ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇドⓗ࡞◊✲⁵⁵ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ

ࢀࡽࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡓ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟╔┠ࡍࡿⅬ࡛ࡣࠊᅜᐙ୰ᚰⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜᫂

- 10 -

☜࡟␗࡞ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡑࡢከࡃࡣ㒔ᕷࡢ⤒῭ⓗ୰ᯡ⟶⌮ᶵ⬟࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㒔ᕷࡢ୺య࡜

ࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ᱁ࢆ➇தⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚つᐃࡍࡿ⁵⁶ࠋ㒔ᕷ㛫➇தㄽࡸ㒔ᕷ㛫ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡㄽࡶࡇ

࠺ࡋࡓⓎ᝿ࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ

௨ୖࡢձᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᕷሙୗ࡛ࡢ⤒῭༢఩࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ௻

ᴗ࣭㒔ᕷࡢࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣝ࡞㉺ቃᗈᇦⓗ࡞⾜ື࡟╔┠ࡋࠊ௻ᴗ࣭㒔ᕷ┈ࡢ᭱኱໬ࢆㄽ⌮ⓗ

࡞᰿ᣐ࡟ࡋࡓ᭱㐺⤒῭ᅪࡢᙧᡂ࡟୺║ࢆ⨨ࡃࠋ⌧௦ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛୺ὶࡢࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗ࡞

࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣࠊ୍ぢࡍࡿ࡜࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝḟඖࡢ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞஺ὶ࣭༠ຊ࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀ

ࡿࡀࠊ⤖ᒁࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠊࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢬ࣒࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ⏕⏘యไ෌⦅ࡢ㐺ᛂ㐣⛬ࠖ⁵⁷

࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓ⤒῭㡿ᇦ࡟㝈ᐃࡋࡓ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜᐙࡢᡓ␎࣭ไᗘ࡜✚ᴟⓗ࡟㐃ᦠࡍࡿഴྥ

ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠕ⓶⫗࡟ࡶᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡓⓎ᝿ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࠊᐇࡣࠊ୍ᅜ⤒῭࡜୰ኸ㞟ᶒ࡜࡟Ⓨ

᝿ࡀࡋࡤࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㝈⏺ࠖࢆ㟢࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⁵⁸ࠋ

㸰㸫㸱㸬⾜Ⅽయ̿✵㛫ㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ

ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⾜Ⅽయࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢከඖ໬ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࠊ㠀ᆅ⌮ⓗ࡞✵㛫ࡢᙧᡂࢲ

࢖ࢼ࣑ࢬ࣒࡟୺║ࢆ⨨ࡃࠊղ⾜Ⅽయ̿✵㛫ㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏㄽᩥࡢၥ㢟ព㆑࡟㏻ᗏ ࡍࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ1㸧ᨻ἞♫఍Ꮫⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠊ2㸧ᨻ἞ᆅ⌮Ꮫⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠊ3㸧

⎔᪥ᮏᾏ◊✲࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢ୕ࡘ࡟༊ศ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

ࡲࡎࠊ1㸧ᨻ἞♫఍Ꮫⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝḟඖࡢᅜ㝿⾜ືࡢᐇែ࣭ゝㄝ࡞࡝࡟╔┠

ࡋࠊ♫఍㞟ᅋࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢඹ᭷࣭ᕪ␗໬࡜࠸ࡗࡓࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ࣏

ࢫࢸࣝࣅࢿ࢖㸦K. Postel-Vinay㸧ࡣNETㄽࢆᢈุࡋࠊᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ࡞࡝ࡢ࣮࣭ࣟ࢝ࣝ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮

ࡢⓎᒎࢽ࣮ࢬ࡜ᨻ἞ⓗ⾜ⅭࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࢆࠕ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ༠ຊᅪ㸦zone of local cooperation㸧ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡓ⁵⁹ࠋࡲࡓࣇࢵࢡ㸦G. Hook㸧ࡣࠊ࣮࣭ࣟ࢝ࣝ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡢᙺ๭࡜୺

ほⓗ⾲㇟㸦subjective representation㸧࡟╔┠ࡋ♫఍ⓗ࡟ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢ⏕ᡂ 㐣⛬ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ⁶⁰ࠋࢧ࣒㸦N-L. Sum㸧ࡣࠊࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ኱୰⳹ᅪ㸦Greater China㸧

ࢆ஦౛࡟ࠊ♫఍㞟ᅋࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢከඖ໬ࡀ᫬⣔ิ࡟ኚᐜࡍࡿ⌧㇟ࢆᢳฟࡋศᯒࡍࡿ

ᯟ⤌ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ᫬✵ᑒ㸦Time-Space Envelope㸧ࠖ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆᥦ㉳ࡋࡓ⁶¹ࠋ࢔ࣛࢭ㸦D. Arase㸧

- 11 -

ࡶࡲࡓࠊᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ࡞࡝࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝḟඖࡢᅜ㝿⾜Ⅽయࡢᙺ๭ࢆᙉㄪࡋࡓ⁶²ࠋ

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ♫఍㞟ᅋࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡀከඖ໬ࡍࡿࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢬ࣒ࡢ࡞࠿࡟࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࢆ

ᢕᥱࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿヨࡳࡣࠊᨻ἞ᆅ⌮Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢫࢣ࣮ࣝᴫᛕࢆ᥼⏝ࡋࡓ2㸧ᨻ἞ᆅ⌮Ꮫⓗ࢔

ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡬࡜ᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪤Ꮡࡢ✵㛫ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝᴫᛕࡢኚᐜࢆ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥᙧᡂࡢどⅬ࡟ᤣ࠼

ࡓࠕ✵㛫ࡢฎ⌮ࠖ⁶³࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢศᯒࡀヨࡳࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᯿ᮏⱥ㞝ࡀEU ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢ⤒㦂๎ࢆᇶ࡟ࠊᡓ␎ࡸᶒຊࡢศᕸ࡜ᨻ⟇ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢᙧᡂࢆ༢୍ࡢᆅ⌮

ⓗ✵㛫ࡢࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝࡣ࡞ࡃࠊከḟඖࡢࠕ࣐ࣝࢸ࢕ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࠖࢆᇶ࡟㠀ᆅ⌮ⓗ✵㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ㄽࡌ ࡓ◊✲ࡣ⁶⁴ࠊᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࢆศᯒࡍࡿ᭷ពᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚⏬ᮇࢆ࡞

ࡍࠋ

௨ୖࡢ࠾ࡶ࡟すḢฟ⮬ࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜ࡶᑐヰࢆ῝ࡵ࡞ࡀࡽ᪥ᮏࡢࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ◊✲ࡢ ࡉࡁࡀࡅ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄌ⏕ࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊ3㸧⎔᪥ᮏᾏ◊✲࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣࠊᶒຊ࣭

฼┈࡛ᙬࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㏆௦すḢฟ⮬ࡢㄽ⌮࣭⌮ㄽࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ࡢ㌿᥮ࢆ௻ᅗࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୺࡜ࡋ࡚

ᮾὒⓗ࡞ᛮ᝿࣭ㄆ㆑ㄽࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࠊ⾜Ⅽయࡢෆ㠃ⓗせ⣲ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞᪉ἲㄽࢆ᥈ồࡋࡓ ࡇ࡜࡟኱ࡁ࡞≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿ⁶⁵ࠋヲ⣽ࡣ➨1❶࡛ㄽࡌࡿࡀࠊ῰㇂Ṋࡣࠊྂ௦࢖ࣥࢻᛮ᝿࡜௖ᩍᛮ

᝿࡟╔┠ࡋࠊࠕ௚⪅⫯ᐃ࣭⮬⪅⫯ᐃࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠕ༠⏕ࠖᛮ᝿࡟᪂ࡓ࡞ࣔࢹࣝࡢᇶᮏ࡜࡞ࡿᛮ᝿

ࢆぢฟࡋࡓ⁶⁶ࠋࡲࡓ㛵ᐶ἞ࡣࠊ௖ᩍᛮ᝿࠿ࡽ♧၀ࢆᚓ࡚ࠊせ⣲࠿ࡽ඲యീࢆᥥࡃ᪉ἲㄽⓗㄆ

㆑ࢆᥦ㉳ࡋࡓ⁶⁷ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᛮ᝿࣭ㄆ㆑ㄽࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࠊࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢලయⓗ࡞ศᯒ࢔ࣉࣟ

࣮ࢳࢆ᥈ồࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊከ㈡⚽ᩄ࡛࠶ࡿࠋከ㈡ࡣศᯒࡢᇶᮏ༢఩ࢆࠕ⾜Ⅽయࡢ῝ᒙࠖ࡟ࡲ࡛᥀

ࡾୗࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ᪉ἲㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ㄽࢆ⤌ࡳ᥮࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆヨࡳࡓ⁶⁸ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇ

ࢀ௨ୖศ๭୙ྍ⬟࡞༢఩㸦unit㸧ࢆ⾜Ⅽయࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡟ࡲ࡛᥀ࡾୗࡆࠊࡑࡢ┦஫㛵 ಀ㸦relation㸧࡜ࡋ࡚࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆࡵࡄࡿไᗘ㸦institution㸧࡟╔┠ࡋࠊศᯒࡢ⠊ᅖ 㸦boundary㸧ࢆᆅ⌮ⓗ✵㛫ࡸ⾜ᨻ༊⏺࡟ࡣ཰ࡲࡾࡁࡽ࡞࠸ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸦network㸧࡟↔Ⅼ

ࢆᙜ࡚ࡓ⁶⁹ࠋ⾜Ⅽయࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡀከඖ໬ࡍࡿࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢬ࣒ࢆᤊ࠼ࠊࡑࡢ୰࠿ࡽෆⓎ

ⓗ࡞≉ᛶ࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮ࣜࢪ࣭ࣙࣥᅜᐙ࣭࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽ⎔᪥ᮏᾏ◊✲ࡢศᯒ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ෌᳨ドࡋ⊂⮬ࡢゎ㔘ࢆຍ࠼ࡓ᳃ᕝ⿱஧ࡣ⁷⁰ࠊ⾜Ⅽయ ࡢࠕ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢ᫬㛫ⓗ࡞ኚ໬ࡀࠊᆅ⌮ⓗ࡞⠊ᅖ࡜࠿࠿ࢃࡾ࡞ࡃࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࢆỴ ᐃࡍࡿࠖ࡜ࡋࠊ᫬㛫ⓗ⛛ᗎ㛵ಀ㸦᫬✵㸧ࢆᯒฟࡋ࡚ࡳࡏࡓ⁷¹ࠋ

ᮏㄽᩥࡢၥ㢟ព㆑ࡶࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⾜Ⅽయࡢෆ㠃ⓗせ⣲ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠊ᥮ゝࡍࢀࡤࠊ

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ࠕ༢఩ࡢෆഃ࠿ࡽᅜ㝿㛵ಀㄽࡢ෌ᵓ⠏ࠖ⁷²ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࡜࠸࠺Ⓨ᝿࠿ࡽከࡃࡢ♧၀ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡔࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ3㸧⎔᪥ᮏᾏ◊✲࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢ⌮ㄽⓗ᥈ồࡀලయⓗ࡞ᐇドศᯒ࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡃࡇ

࡜ࡣ↓࠿ࡗࡓࠋศᯒ༢఩ࢆ⾜Ⅽయࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡟ࡲ࡛᥀ࡾୗࡆ♫఍༢఩ࡢ⤌ࡳ᥮࠼⌧

㇟ࢆ῝ᒙ࠿ࡽㄞࡳྲྀࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ᪉ἲㄽୖࡢᅔ㞴ᛶࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ⁷³ࠊࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᐇែࡀ⤒῭㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᶵ⬟ⓗ࡞ኚ໬࡟೫㔜ࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊᐇドࡢ㛵ᚰ࣭ዎᶵࡀኻ

ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㸰㸫㸲㸬ᶵᵓㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࢔ࢪ࢔⊂⮬࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿᛮ᝿࡜⌮ㄽࡢ᥈ồ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⤒῭㡿ᇦ࡟೫㔜ࡋࡓࢧࣈ࣮ࣜ

ࢪࣙࣥ◊✲ࡀ⥆ࡃ୰ࠊ2000 ᖺ௦༙ࡤ௨㝆ࠊᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࢆྍど໬ࡋࡓไᗘ

ⓗ࡞ᐇయࡀලయ໬ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ⎔㯤ᾏᅪ࡛ࡣ2004ᖺ࡟OEAED㸦ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔⤒῭஺ὶ ᥎㐍ᶵᵓ㸧ࡀⓎ㊊ࡋࠊNEAR࡛ࡶ2005ᖺ࡟ᖖタ஦ົᒁࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ⁷⁴ࠋ

ࡇࢀࡽࡢᶵᵓ࣭ไᗘࢆࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢㄆ㆑ྍ⬟࡞ᐇయ࡜ࡋ࡚ศᯒᑐ㇟࡟ᤣ࠼ࠊཧຍ࣭ㄪ

ᩚ࣭Ỵᐃࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡸつ⠊࡞࡝ࡢᙧᡂ࣭ᒎ㛤࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊճᶵᵓㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟ

ࢳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ✵㛫ᙧᡂࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢬ࣒࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊලయⓗ࡞ไᗘ࣭ᶵᵓࡢ≉ᚩࡸᶵ⬟ࡢᯒฟ

࡟⪃ᐹࡢ୺║ࢆ⨨ࡃࡢࡀ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ኱ὠᾈࡀ NEAR ࢆ஦౛࡟ពᛮỴᐃᡭ⥆࡜஦ົᒁయไ

࡞࡝࠿ࡽᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫㐃ྜ⤌⧊ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓඛ㥑ⓗ◊✲ࡀ࠶ࡿ⁷⁵ࠋࡔࡀࠊࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣝ࡞⤌

⧊࣭ᯟ⤌ࡳࡢάືᐇែࡀ㉁㔞୧㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚୙༑ศ࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣭᝟ሗࡢ⵳✚ࡶᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿

ࡽࠊᙜヱศ㔝ࡢ◊✲⵳✚ࡣ༑ศ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸⁷⁶ࠋᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚

ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫ᆅᇦᶵᵓࡣ⪃ᐹᑐ㇟ࡢ୺ࡓࡿ㛵ᚰ࠿ࡽእࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ

࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ2000 ᖺ௦༙ࡤ௨㝆ࡢࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࢼࣝ࡞ไᗘ࣭ᶵᵓࡢ῝໬࣭ᣑ኱ࢆཷࡅࠊไ ᗘ࣭ᶵᵓㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢᇶ♏◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚୺せ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐࡟ᾋୖࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢᅜ㝿ᨻ⟇ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽࠕᆅᇦ㛫ᅜ㝿ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠖࡢᙧᡂ࡜≉ᚩࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓᒣୗỌ Ꮚࡢẚ㍑ⓗࡲ࡜ࡲࡗࡓ◊✲ࡢ࡯࠿⁷⁷ࠊNEARᖖタ஦ົᒁࢆㄏ⮴ࡋࡓ㡑ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊḢᕞࡢᆅ ᇦጤဨ఍㸦CoR㸧ࡸḢᕞᆅᇦ఍㆟㸦AER㸧࡜NEAR࡜ࡢẚ㍑⪃ᐹ⁷⁸ࠊᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ඹྠయᵓ⠏

どⅬ࠿ࡽ⪃ᐹࡋࡓNEARࡢ஦౛◊✲⁷⁹ࠊ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆᇶ࡟NEARࡢ஺ὶࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ

- 13 -

᳨ウࡋࡓሗ࿌᭩⁸⁰࡞࡝ࠊNEAR ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡛࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ◊✲ࡀᥦฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡶࠊ

NEAR ࡜GCNEA㸦໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᅜ㝿஺ὶ࣭༠ຊᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ㸧ࢆẚ㍑⪃ᐹࡋࡓ◊✲⁸¹ࠊ

ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢ⤌⧊࣭ᯟ⤌ࡳࡢศ㢮ᩚ⌮࡜ẚ㍑⪃ᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᣋ✏⁸²ࠊᾏὒࢿ

ࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸦Maritime Networks㸧ࡢไᗘ࡜ᐇែࢆẚ㍑ศᯒࡋࡓ◊✲⁸³࡞࡝ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫ᶵᵓ ࡢ◊✲ࡣάⓎ໬ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋḢᕞ࡛ࡶ2006ᖺ࡟EGTC࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠕ㡿ᇦⓗ༠ຊᅋయࠖ⁸⁴ࡢἲ

ⓗᩚഛࡀ㐍ࡳࠊࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢไᗘ◊✲࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡣቑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡞ไᗘ࣭ᶵᵓࢆ

ศᯒᑐ㇟࡟ᤣ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᛮ᝿࣭⌮ㄽࡢᇦ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ⎔᪥ᮏᾏ◊✲ࢆᐇド◊✲࡬࡜ᒎ 㛤ࡉࡏࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ

௨ୖࠊᮏㄽᩥࡢၥ㢟ព㆑࡟༶ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲

ࢆ୕ࡘࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟኱ูࡋࠊ⡆₩࡟ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡢ࡯࠿࡟ࡶࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࢆᆅᇦ◊

✲࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡓ◊✲ࡢ⵳✚ࡣ㇏ᐩ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᩥ໬࣭ᆅᇦྐ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ

㏆⌧௦⎔᪥ᮏᾏᆅᇦྐ࡞࡝ࡢṔྐᏛⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ⁸⁵ࡸᆅ᪉㛫஺ὶࡢ㐣⛬㏣㊧ⓗ࡞グ㏙࢔ࣉࣟ

࣮ࢳ࡞࡝ࡣᩘከ࠸⁸⁶ࠋࡲࡓ≉➹ࡍ࡭ࡁࡣࠊ⏕ែᏛⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ᥈ồࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿ⁸⁷ࠋ 㞟Ỉᇦ㸦catchment area㸧࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕ࡟╔┠ࡋࠊ᪥ᮏᾏ࡟ὶࢀ㎸ࡴỈ⣔඲యࢆࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙ

ࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿどゅࡶᥦၐࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⁸⁸ࠋᐩᒣ┴ࡀ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࠕ᪥ᮏᾏᏛࠖࡶ⎔᪥ᮏᾏᆅᇦ࠾

ࡼࡧ᪥ᮏᾏࢆࡦ࡜ࡘࡢᚠ⎔࣭ඹ⏕య⣔࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࠊே㛫࡜⮬↛ࡢ࠿࠿ࢃࡾ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓど ゅࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⁸⁹ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ◊✲ࡣᏛ㝿ᛶ࡟ᐩࡴ◊✲ศ㔝

࡛࠶ࡿࠋᓥ᰿┴❧኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔Ꮫࠖ๰ᡂࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡶࠕಠ▔ⓗ⥲ྜࠖ⁹⁰ࢆᥖ ࡆࠊከᵝ࡞࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⁹¹ࠋᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ᅜ㝿㛵ಀࢆࠕⓎ㐩୙Ⰻࡢᆅᇦ୺⩏ࠖ⁹²ࡸ ࠕࣀࣥࣞࢪ࣮࣒ࠖ⁹³࡜࠸ࡗࡓ୺ᶒᅜᐙࡢ┦஫㛵ಀ࠿ࡽㄞࡳゎ࠸ࡓྰᐃⓗഃ㠃ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࡇ࡜

ࡢࡳ࡛ࡣࡶࡣࡸ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࢁ࠺ࠋ

㸰㸫㸳㸬ᮏㄽᩥࡢどⅬ㸸㉺ቃ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ

࡛ࡣࠊᮏㄽᩥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲㄽ࡛ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡟᥋㏆ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ➨1❶࡛ヲ㏙ࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣศᯒࡢどⅬࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ

- 14 -

ᮏㄽᩥࡣࠊୖ㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢලయⓗ࡞ไᗘ࣭ᶵᵓࡢ⪃ᐹࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ⌮ㄽⓗ⪃

ᐹ࡟ᇦ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ⎔᪥ᮏᾏ◊✲ࡢᐇド◊✲࡬ࡢᒎ㛤ࢆ௻ᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊղ

⾜Ⅽయ̿✵㛫ㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆᛕ㢌࡟⨨ࡁࡘࡘࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣࠊճᶵᵓㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ࣮࣋

ࢫ࡟ᤣ࠼ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊճᶵᵓㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣࠊᅜ㝿♫఍༢఩ࡢ඲యീࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞

ࡃࠊᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫ᆅᇦᶵᵓࡢไᗘⓗ≉ᚩࡸㄪᩚ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡞࡝ࡢ⪃ᐹ࡟ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢ◊✲

ࢆ▸ᑠ໬ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ࠋᅜᐙࡢᶒຊᨻ἞ࡸᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅜ㝿⛛ᗎ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃 ᛶࡀ⪃ᐹᑐ㇟࠿ࡽ⬺₃ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࠊᶵᵓㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟

ෆᅾࡍࡿࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ㟼Ꮫⓗ࡞Ⓨ᝿ࠖ⁹⁴ࢆᡶᣔࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜

࡜ࡍࡿ⁹⁵ࠋ

࿘▱ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᴫᛕࡣᴟࡵ࡚ከ⩏ⓗ࡛ࠊᑐ㇟ࡸࢹ࢕ࢩࣉࣜࣥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶᤊ࠼᪉ࡀ

኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿ⁹⁶ࠋ௻ᴗ⤒Ⴀ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࡣࢥ࣮࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࣭࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫㄽࠊ㛤Ⓨ᥼ຓ࣭ᅜ㝿༠ຊ ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣࢢࢵࢻ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㸦good governance㸧ㄽ࡞࡝ࡀᗈࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊ

࠾ࡶ࡟࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᴫᛕࢆࠊㄝ᫂㈐௵ࡸᛂ⟅ᛶࠊ㏱᫂ᛶ࡜࠸ࡗࡓつ⠊ࡢཧ↷ᯟ⤌࡜ࡋ࡚タᐃࡍ

ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊᅜᐙ㸦࢞ࣂ࣓ࣥࢺ㸧ࡢ⤫἞⬟ຊࡢపୗࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ࠊᨻ⟇❧᱌࣭ᐇ᪋ᵝᘧࡢල యⓗ࡞≉ᚩࢆᤊ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫㄽࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠕᨻᗓ࡞ࡁ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㸦governance without governments㸧ࠖ⁹⁷ࡢゝⴥࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊከᵝ࡞⾜Ⅽయ㸦ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࠊNGO࣭NPOࠊ Ẹ㛫௻ᴗ࡞࡝㸧ࡀཧ⏬ࡍࡿ㠀㝵ᒙࡢ⛛ᗎ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᶵ⬟ࡸつ⠊࡞࡝࠿ࡽㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ๓

⪅ࡢ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡀ࠾ࡶ࡟ᆶ┤ⓗ࡞㛵ಀࢆᢅ࠺ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᚋ⪅ࡣỈᖹⓗ࡞㛵ಀࢆ㔜どࡍࡿഴ

ྥ࡟࠶ࡿ⁹⁸ࠋᮏㄽᩥࡀᢅ࠺࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᴫᛕࡣᚋ⪅ࡢ౑⏝ἲ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡿ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ

ࢆᑕ⛬࡟⨨ࡃࠋ

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㉺ቃ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࠊ༑ศ࡟࡞ࡉࢀ࡚

ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⎔ቃศ㔝࡛㔜ᒙ໬ࡍࡿ༠ຊ㛵ಀࢆᛕ㢌࡟࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ᥦ ฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣ୺࡟ᅜᐙ㛫༠ຊࢆ࠾ࡶ࡞⪃ᐹㄢ㢟࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࣞࢪ࣮࣒ㄽ࡞࠸ࡋ ࡣࣞࢪ࣮࣒㛫┦஫స⏝࡞࡝ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟㏆࠸ࠋࠕᨻᗓ࡞ࡁ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࠖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᥈ồࡍࡿヨࡳ

ࡣࠊୡ⏺ᨻᗓࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ᅜ㝿♫఍࡛ࡣࠊᅜᐙ㛫ྜពࡢᙺ๭ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿᅜ㝿ࣞࢪ࣮࣒ㄽࡸᅜ 㝿ไᗘㄽ࡞࡝ࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࡟⨨࠿ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⁹⁹ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᅜᐙ୰ᚰⓗ࡞࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᴫᛕ

ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡟᥋㏆ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᅜᐙḟඖࡢ

⤫ྜ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡀไᗘⓗ࡞ᒎ㛤ࢆぢࡏࡓḢᕞ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ㉸ᅜᐙⓗᶵᵓࡀ୙ᅾ࡛ᆅ

- 15 -

᪉⮬἞ࡶᮍᡂ⇍ࡢࡲࡲࠊ⤒῭୰ᚰࡢࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡀ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡣࠊᅜᐙ

୰ᚰᆺࡢ㉺ቃ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡢᩥ⬦࡛ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥୰㡑 FTA

࡞࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᅜᐙࡀ୺య࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢ༠ຊ㛵ಀࡀ⦆ࡸ࠿࡟ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ㡿ᅵ⣮

தࡸṔྐㄆ㆑ᦶ᧿࡞࡝ࡢ㝈⏺࡟ࡶ┤㠃ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋ

ᅜᐙࢆᇶ♏࡟つไⓗつ⠊ࢆᛕ㢌࡟⨨ࡃࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᅜᐙ୰ᚰⓗ࡞࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᴫᛕ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ㠀ᅜ ᐙ⾜Ⅽయࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ᤣ࠼ࡓ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᴫᛕࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ๓⪅ࡀ᧯⯦㸦steering㸧ࢆ୰ᚰㄢ㢟࡜ࡍࡿ

ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊᚋ⪅ࡣ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ᵓᡂ༢఩㛫ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡜つ⠊ᚿྥࢆᣢࡘࠋᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࠊᅜᐙ

࡜࠸࠺୰ᚰⓗ࡞ᶒጾయࡢᏑᅾࢆ⤯ᑐどࡋ࡞࠸㠀ᅜᐙ⾜Ⅽయ୰ᚰⓗ࡞࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᴫᛕࢆᛕ㢌

࡟ࠊ␗✀⾜Ⅽయ㛫ࡢࢭࣝࣇ࣭ࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢿ࣮ࢺ࣭࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚

࠾ࡃࠋ

ᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡶࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝྠኈࡢᨻ἞⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࡢ㡿ᇦⓗ⤌⧊ࡸไᗘࡀ ㄌ⏕ࡋࠊᅜ㝿⤌⧊࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡶ⏕ࡲࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ༠ຊࡢ⤌⧊໬࣭ไᗘ໬ࡣࠊᅜ ᐙᡓ␎࡜ࡶ㛵㐃ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢ┦஫⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ㊶ࡉࢀࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࠊ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㠀ᅜᐙ⾜Ⅽయࡢᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡀ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ᵓ⠏ࡋࡓᶵᵓ࣭ไᗘࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡟఩⨨௜ࡅࠊ

␗✀⾜Ⅽయ㛫ࡢࢭࣝࣇ࣭ࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢿ࣮ࢺ࣭࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㉺ቃ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡢᐇീ࡟㏕ࡗ

࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔᭱኱ࡢNEARࢆ஦౛࡟ࠊࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥࢆලయ໬ࡋࡓไᗘ࣭

ᶵᵓࡢᵓ⠏ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜άືᐇែࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋලయⓗ࡞ศᯒ᪉ἲ࡜ᯟ⤌ࡳࡣ➨1❶࡛ヲ㏙ࡍࡿ

ࡀࠊෆⓎᛶࢆ㘽ᴫᛕ࡜ࡋࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝḟඖࡢ⾜Ⅽయ࡜ࡑࡢෆⓎⓗ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿせ⣲ࢆᘬࡁฟࡋࠊ

࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡢ඲యീ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆຍ࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ

- 16 -

➨㸱⠇ ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ NEAR

࡛ࡣࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ NEAR ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅᇦᶵᵓ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠋලయⓗ࡞⪃ᐹ࡟ධ

ࡿ๓࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᐇែᢕᥱࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ༑ศ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓNEARࡢᇶᮏ≉ᛶ࡜ἢ㠉ࢆᴫほࡋࠊ

࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ⪃ᐹㄢ㢟ࢆᢳฟࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸¹⁰⁰ࠋ

㸱㸫㸯㸬ᵓᡂ༢఩࡜ᆅ⌮ⓗ⠊ᅖ

NEARࡣࠊᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿ᪥ᮏࠊ୰ᅜࠊ㡑ᅜࠊ໭ᮅ㩭ࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝࠊࣟࢩ࢔ࡢභࣨᅜ

࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿᗈᇦᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㛫ࡢ㐃ྜయ࡛࠶ࡿ¹⁰¹ࠋ2013ᖺ᫬Ⅼ࡛71ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ࡟ࡲ࡛࣓ࣥࣂ

࣮ࡀᣑ኱ࡋࠊᆅ᪉ᨻᗓඛᑟࡢࠕᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔࣭࣐ࣝࢳࣛࢸࣛࣜࢬ࣒ࠖ¹⁰²࡜ࡉ࠼⛠ࡉࢀࡿࠋὀ┠

ࡍ࡭ࡁࡣࠊᙜヱᆅᇦࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ㔜せ࡞࢔ࢡࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡿ໭ᮅ㩭ࡀཧຍࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ⡿ᅜࡀ ཧຍࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋභ⪅༠㆟࡞࡝ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀ᯟ⤌࡜ࡣࡑࡢᛶ㉁ࢆ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡲ

ࡓࠊᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔භࣨᅜࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᗈᇦᆅ᪉ᨻᗓᩘࡣྜィ145 ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊNEAR ຍ┕ᆅ᪉ ᨻᗓࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ༙ศࢆ༨ࡵࡿࠋຍ┕ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡟㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ ༢⣧࡟ᵓᡂ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢᩘ࠿ࡽ࠸࠼ࡤࠊᗈᇦᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔᭱኱ࡢ㐃ྜయࡀ NEAR࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

NEARຍ┕ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࢆᅜูࡢᆅᅗ࡛ᥥ࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡀࠊᅗᗎ-3࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣔࣥࢦࣝ࡜㡑ᅜࡣ࡯ࡰ

ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᗈᇦᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡀຍ┕ࡋࠊࣟࢩ࢔ࡣᴟᮾ㐃㑥⟶༊࣭ࢩ࣋ࣜ࢔㐃㑥⟶༊࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿᆅ᪉ ᨻᗓࡢከࡃࡀཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ୰ᅜࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ໭ᮅ㩭࡛ࡣຍ┕ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢศᕸࡣ೫ ᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟ࡤࡽࡘࡁࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡢࡀ୰ᅜ࡛ࠊᮾ໭ᆅ᪉ࡸἢᓊᆅᇦࡢ୍㒊ࡢ࡯࠿ࠊෆ㝣 㒊ࡢᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㸦ᑀኟᅇ᪘⮬἞༊㸧ࡶཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡣ᪥ᮏᾏഃ࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢࡳ

࡛࠶ࡾࠊ໭ᮅ㩭ࡣᅗ಼Ụ㸦㇋‶Ụ㸧ୗὶᇦࡢᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㸦ဒ㙾໭㐨ࠊ⨶ὠ┤㎄ᕷ㸧ࡢࡳࡀཧຍ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟NEAR ຍ┕ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢᆅ⌮ⓗ⠊ᅖࡣࠊᅜᐙࢆᇶᮏ࡟ᤣ࠼ࡓᆅᅗࡢୖ

࡛ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡜ࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊᅜᐙࡢ୍㒊ࢆษࡾྲྀࡗࡓ⠊ᅖ࡜ࡋ

࡚᪂ࡓ࡞㡿ᇦࢆ⏕ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

- 17 -

ᅗᗎ-3 NEARຍ┕ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓᆅᅗ

ࣟࢩ࢔㸦RUS㸧

ࣔࣥࢦࣝ㸦MNG㸧

୰ᅜ㸦CHN㸧

- 18 -

໭ᮅ㩭㸦PRC㸧 㡑ᅜ㸦KOR㸧

᪥ᮏ㸦JPN㸧

ฟᡤ㸸NEAR࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ<http://www.neargov.org/app/intro.jsp>㸦2013ᖺ6᭶18᪥ྲྀᚓ㸧ࡼࡾసᡂࠋ

- 19 -

㸱㸫㸰㸬య᱁࣭యຊ࣭య㉁¹⁰³ࡢ㠀ᑐ⛠ᛶ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ NEAR ຍ┕ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸࡀࡤࡽࡘࡁࢆ♧ࡍࡢࡣࠊᒓᛶࡢከᵝᛶ࡟つ ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᐜ᫆࡟᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡼ࠺ࠋ

ࡲࡎࠊNEARຍ┕ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢᒓᛶࢆ♧ࡍᇶᮏ⤫ィࢆぢ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋᅗᗎ-4ࡣࠊ㠃✚࡜ேཱྀ࠿

ࡽྛᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢࡤࡽࡘࡁࢆ⾲ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㠃✚࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣟࢩ࢔࣭ࢧࣁඹ࿴ᅜ࡜㡑ᅜ࣭

ගᕞᗈᇦᕷ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛6༓ಸࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ᱁ᕪࠋேཱྀ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୰ᅜ࣭Ἑ༡┬࡜ࣔࣥࢦ࣭ࣝࢦࣅࢫࣥ

࣋ࣝ┴࡜ࡢ᱁ᕪࡣ7༓ಸࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ேཱྀᐦᗘ࡟⮳ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ㡑ᅜ࣭㔩ᒣᗈᇦᕷ࡜ࣔࣥࢦ

࣭ࣝ࢘ࢾࣝࢦࣅ┴ࡢ㛫࡛1୓7༓ಸࡢ㛤ࡁࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦య᱁ࡢ㠀ᑐ⛠ᛶ㸧ࠋ

ࡲࡓࠊ⤒῭つᶍ࡜ேཱྀ࡛᱁ᕪࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊᅗᗎ-5࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⤒῭つᶍࡢ⤯ᑐ㢠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ

୰ᅜ࣭ᒣᮾ┬࡜ࣔࣥࢦ࣭ࣝࢦࣅࢫࣥ࣋ࣝ┴࡜ࡢ㛫࡛3୓ಸࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ᱁ᕪࠋேཱྀࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓ⤒

῭Ỉ‽࡛ࡣࠊ㡑ᅜ࣭ⶢᒣᗈᇦᕷ࡜ࣔࣥࢦ࣭ࣝࣇࣈࢫࢢࣝ┴࡜࡛130ಸࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ᱁ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦య ຊࡢ㠀ᑐ⛠ᛶ㸧ࠋ

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᇶᮏᒓᛶࡢ㠀ᑐ⛠ᛶ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ࿘▱ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࠊᮾ໭࢔ࢪ࢔ྛᅜࡢᨻ἞⤒῭యไࡢ

┦㐪ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦య㉁ࡢ㠀ᑐ⛠ᛶ㸧ࠋ㈨ᮏ୺⩏⤒῭ࡀⓎ㐩ࡋࡓ᪥ᮏ࡜㡑ᅜࡣࠊ」ᩘᨻඪไ࡟ࡼࡿ

Ẹ୺୺⩏యไ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊࡑࡢᑐᴟ࡜ࡋ࡚໭ᮅ㩭ࡣ୍ඪ⊂⿢ࠊィ⏬⤒῭ࢆሀᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᕷሙ⤒῭࡬ࡢ⛣⾜ᮇ⤒῭࡜఩⨨௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿࣟࢩ࢔࣭ࣔࣥࢦ࣭ࣝ୰ᅜࡢ㛫࡛ࡶࠊẸ୺㑅ᣲ࡟ࡼ

ࡿᨻᶒ஺௦ྍ⬟࡞௙⤌ࡳ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࣟࢩ࢔࣭ࣔࣥࢦࣝ࡜ࠊඹ⏘ඪᣦᑟయไࢆ⥆ࡅࡿ୰ᅜ࡜࡛ࡣ

኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿ¹⁰⁴ࠋẸ୺໬ࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿPolity IV Project 㸦P ϫ㸧ࡢࠕᨻ యࠖᣦᶆ࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࣭ࣔࣥࢦ࣭ࣝ㡑ᅜ࣭ࣟࢩ࢔ࡀࠕẸ୺ไ㸦democ㸧࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ୰ᅜ࣭

໭ᮅ㩭ࡣࠕᑓไ㸦autoc㸧ࠖ࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿ¹⁰⁵ࠋࡲࡓࠊFreedom House㸦FH㸧 ࡢࠕ⮬⏤ࠖᣦᶆ

࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࣭ࣔࣥࢦ࣭ࣝ㡑ᅜࡀࠕ⮬⏤㸦Free㸧࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ୰ᅜ࣭໭ᮅ㩭࣭ࣟࢩ࢔ࡀ ࠕ㠀⮬⏤㸦Not Free㸧ࠖ㸦ࣟࢩ࢔ࡣ2004ᖺ௨㝆ࠕ㒊ศⓗ⮬⏤㸦Partly Free㸧ࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ㠀⮬⏤

㸦Not Free㸧ࠖ࡬࡜⛣⾜㸧࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿ¹⁰⁶ࠋ

ྛᅜࡢᆅ᪉ไᗘࡶࠊᆅ᪉ศᶒࡀ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘ㐍ࡳᗈᇦᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢ㤳㛗ࡢ┤᥋බ㑅ไࢆᑟධࡋࡓ

᪥ᮏ࣭㡑ᅜ࡟ᑐࡋࠊయไ⛣⾜ᅜࡢ୰ᅜ࣭ࣟࢩ࢔࣭ࣔࣥࢦ࡛ࣝࡣᅜᐙ࡟ࡼࡿ௵࿨ไࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿ

࡞࡝኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿ㸦ࣟࢩ࢔ࡣ2004ᖺ࡟බ㑅ไࢆᗫṆ㸧ࠋ

- 20 -

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ᅗᗎ-4 NEARຍ┕ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢ㠃✚࡜ேཱྀ

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