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1 1ߟߊ߫࿖㓙ᄢቇක≮ஜቇㇱℂቇ≮ᴺቇ⑼㧘2⋴⼔ቇ⑼㧘3ஜᩕ㙃ቇ⑼ ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ ޣⷐ ᣦޤާ⋡⊛ި⼔⠧ੱஜᣉ⸳⼔⠧ੱᣉ⸳⠧ੱ∛㒮ߦᓥߔࠆࡂࡆ⡯(PTޔ OTޔST)⋴⼔⡯⼔⡯⋧⺣⡯߅ࠃ߮ᕈᐕ㦂ߏߣߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬⷐ࿃ࠍࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ ߎߣޔࠨࡆࠬឭଏഭⅣႺߩ⇣ߥࠆ⡯⒳㑆߅ࠃ߮ᕈᐕ㦂ߏߣߩࠬ࠻ࠬ․ᕈߦߟߡ ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣߢࠆޕ ާኻ⽎ᣇᴺި⨙ၔ⋵ၯ₹⋵ౝߩ⼔⠧ੱஜᣉ⸳⼔⠧ੱᣉ⸳⠧ੱ∛㒮ߦൕോߒߡ ࠆࡂࡆ⡯(PTޔOTޔST)⼔⡯⋴⼔⡯⋧⺣⡯ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡޔ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ ᩏᣣᧄ⺆ ദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧࡕ࠺࡞⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬ⺞ᩏࠍ↪ߡ⺞ᩏߒߚޕ ާ⚿ᨐި82ᣉ⸳ 451ฬ߆ࠄ࿁╵ࠍᓧߚޕ↵ᅚߣ߽ో࿖ഭ⠪ߩ⺞ᩏߣᲧセߒߡߺࠆߣޔߩⷐ ᳞ᐲߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ᐲߣ߽ߦ㜞߆ߞߚޕ⠧ੱᣉ⸳ᓥ⠪⡯⒳ߦ߅ߡߪޔ⼔⡯⋴⼔ Ꮷℂቇ≮ᴺ჻ᬺ≮ᴺ჻ߩり⊛⽶မ߇ᄢ߈ߊޔߐࠄߦ⼔⡯ߪߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞߇ૐ߆ ߞߚޕദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧࠬ࠻ࠬߦ߅ߡߪޔ↵ᅚߣ߽ദജ/ႎ㈽ᓧὐᲧߩઁᬺ⒳ᐔဋ୯ߩ⚂2 㜞߆ߞߚޕ ާ⚿⺆ި⼔⠧ੱᣉ⸳ߦ߅ߌࠆࡂ⋴⼔⼔⡯⋧⺣⡯ߦ߅ߡߪޔߐ߹ߑ߹ߩࠬ࠻ࠬߩ 㗴ࠍᛴ߃ߡ߅ࠅޔᣧᕆߦࠬ࠻ࠬኻ╷ࠍߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆ߽ߩߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ (ක≮ஜቇ⎇ⓥ ╙2ภ㧦43-63㗁㧛2010ᐕ1224ᣣណᛯ) ࠠࡢ࠼㧦 ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬޔ⠧ੱᣉ⸳ᓥ⠪ޔࠬ࠻ࠬ⺞ᩏ ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ ᐨ ⺰ ޔᚒ߇࿖ߢߪ㜞㦂ൻ߇ᕆㅦߦㅴⴕߒޔ 2010ᐕߦߪੱญߩ22%ߦߚࠆ2800ਁੱ߇65 ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ ㅪ⛊⽿છ⠪㧦ᨋ 㓉ม ޥ300-0051 ⨙ၔ⋵ᶆᏒ⌀㍿6-8-33 ߟߊ߫࿖㓙ᄢቇක≮ஜቇㇱℂቇ≮ᴺቇ⑼ TEL: 029-883-6029 FAX: 029-826-6776e-mail: t-hayashi @tius-hs.jp
ᱦએߣߥࠅޔߘߩ߁ߜ390ਁੱ߇ⷐ⼔⠪ߦ ߥࠆߣផ᷹ߐࠇߡࠆޕᓟޔⷐ⼔㜞㦂⠪ߩ ᄢߥჇട߇ㄟ߹ࠇߡ߅ࠅޔੱޘ߇ᔃߒߡ ⠧ᓟࠍㆊߏߖࠆ␠ળࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆߚߦߪޔ㜞㦂 ⠪⼔ࠨࡆࠬߩ⾰ࠍ⛽ᜬะߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ ࠃࠅ৻ጀ㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ߈ߡࠆޕ ৻ᣇߢޔᚒ߇࿖ߢߪޔ⚻ᷣਇᴫ߿࿖㓙┹ߩ ỗൻߢડᬺߩࠬ࠻ޔ㓹↪ᒻᘒߩᄙ᭽ൻޔ⚳ り㓹↪߿ᐕഞᐨߩᒻ㜈ൻޔᚑᨐਥ⟵߿ⵙ ㊂ഭߩዉ╬ߦࠃࠅޔ⡯႐ߩ᭽⋧ߪᄌൻߒ
ߡ߈ߡࠆޕߎࠇߦޔ᭽ޘߥࠬ࠻࠶ࠨ ࠍࠎߛഭⅣႺࠍ๒ߒߡࠆડᬺ߇Ⴧ߃ߡ ߈ߚޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥⅣႺߦ߅ߡޔ㊂ߩჇട ߿⡯႐ߩੱ㑆㑐ଥߦ⛊ࠎߛ㗴߇߈ߞ߆ߌߣ ߥࠅޔࠬ࠻ࠬ㑐ㅪ∔ᖚޔㆡᔕ㓚ኂޔ߁ߟ∛ߥ ߤߩࡔࡦ࠲࡞ࡋ࡞ࠬߦᡰ㓚ࠍ߈ߚߔഭ⠪߇ Ⴧ ߃ ߡ ࠆ (Fletcher, 1991; ⨹ ⸥ ߣ Ꮉ , 1993; ᯅᧄ ઁ, 2000)ޕታ㓙ߦޔෘ↢ഭ⋭߇ 5 ᐕߏߣߦታᣉߒߡࠆഭ⠪ஜᐽ⁁ᴫ⺞ᩏ ߦࠃࠆߣޟ߿⡯ᬺ↢ᵴߦ㑐ߔࠆᒝਇޔ ᖠߺޔࠬ࠻ࠬ╬ࠍᗵߓࠆഭ⠪ޠߪోߩ 58%ߦࠆ(ᐔᚑ19ᐕഭ⠪ஜᐽ⁁ᴫ⺞ᩏ)ޕ ᣣᧄഭ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴(1999)ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔࠬ࠻ࠬ ᔕߪޔോ⡯߿ᬺ⡯ߣᲧセߒߡኾ㐷⡯ߢ㜞 ߣߐࠇࠆޕ߹ߚޔ⋴⼔Ꮷߦ߅ߡߪޔᦧൕ ോߣ߁ዞᬺᤨ㑆ߩਇⷙೣᕈ߇∋ഭࠍჇᄢߐ ߖޔഭᗧ᰼ߩૐਅޔࡃࡦࠕ࠙࠻ޔ㔌⡯╬᭽ޘ ߦᓇ㗀ߒߡࠆߣ߁ႎ๔߇ࠆ(⍹Ꮉ ઁ, 1998; ↰, 1998)ޕ․ߦޔࡃࡦࠕ࠙࠻ߪ∝ ⁁߇ᖡൻߔࠆߣൕോᘒᐲߩᖡൻ߿ભ⡯ޔ㔌⡯ߥ ߤߦߟߥ߇ࠅޔࠨࡆࠬߩ⾰ࠍૐਅߐߖࠆⷐ࿃ ߣ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ (Freudenberger, 1974; Bartz and Maloney, 1986; ਭߣ↰የ, 1994; 㜞 ᴛ ઁ, 1994)ޕ㜞㦂⠪⼔ࠨࡆࠬᓥ⠪ߩ♖ ⊛ஜᐽߪޔࠨࡆࠬߩ⾰ߦ⋥ធ⊛ߥᓇ㗀ࠍ ߷ߔ߽ߩߢࠅޔߘߩ᭴ㅧߩᛠីࠍㅢߒߡޔ⚵ ❱⊛␠ળ⊛ኻᔕ߇᳞ࠄࠇߡࠆޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ߪޔ㜞㦂⠪⼔ߩ႐߽ᄖ ߢߪߥޕ⼔ᬺ⇇ࠍขࠅᏎߊᘟᕈ⊛ߥੱᚻਇ ⿷ߪ⡯ຬ৻ੱ৻ੱߩഭ㊂ࠍჇടߐߖޔ⡺⊛ ࠬ࠻ࠬࠍ↢ߓߐߖߡࠆޕ߹ߚޔ㜞㦂⠪⼔ ᬺോߦ߅ߡߪห৻⡯⒳㑆ߢߩੱ㑆㑐ଥߦࠃ ࠆࠬ࠻ࠬߛߌߢߥߊޔᄙ⡯⒳ߦࠃࠆ࠴ࡓࠕ ࡊࡠ࠴߇ⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆߚޔ⡯⒳㑆ߩℂ⸃ਇ⿷ ╬߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆ♖⊛ࠬ࠻߽ࠬ ᔨߐࠇࠆޕ ዊᨋ(2001)ߪޔ⡯႐ࠬ࠻੍ࠬ㒐ኻ╷ᵴേߩ ․ᓽ߇ޔኻ⽎ߩኻ╷ߣ੍㒐ᵴേߩ2ߟߩⷰὐ߆ ࠄᄢ߈ߊ4ߟߦಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡࠆޕ ╙1ಽߪޔ╙1ᰴ੍㒐⊛ߥᵴേߢޔᬺᤨ 㑆ߩᡷༀ߿ޔᬺౝኈߩන⺞ߐࠍᡷༀߔࠆᎿ ᄦޔഭ⠪ߩᗧᕁቯ߳ߩෳട߿⥄ਥᕈࠍჇട ߐߖࠆߎߣߥߤߢࠆޕ╙2ಽߪޔ╙1ಽ ߣ߶߷ห᭽ߥኻ╷ߢࠆ߇ޔ㜞㦂⠪߿⯯ⴊᔃ∔ ᖚߥߤߩ∔∛ߦ⟕ᖚߒߡᓳᏫߒߚੱ߳ߩᬺ ⅣႺߩ⺞ᢛ߇ടࠊࠆޕ╙3ಽߦߪޔੱ㕙߆ ࠄߩណ↪೨ߩකቇ⊛ᬌᩏ߿ߘߩᓟߩ࠻࠾ ࡦࠣޔㆡᱜߥ㈩⟎ߥߤޔ߹ߚޔりㆇേ߿ ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࡊࡠࠣࡓߥߤߩஜᐽߠߊࠅኻ ╷߇߹ࠇࠆޕ╙4ಽߦߪޔࠬ࠻ࠬߦ㑐ㅪ ߒߚ㓚ኂ߿∔∛ࠍᛴ߃ߚ․ቯߩੱߦኻߔࠆ ኻ╷ޔߚߣ߃߫㐳ᦼ∔∛ભᬺ⠪ߩࡂࡆ࠹ ࡚ࠪࡦޔࠬ࠻ࠬᔕ߿∝⁁ߥߤࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࡊࡠࠣࡓ߿ᔃℂ≮ᴺ߇ ߹ࠇࠆޕ ᰷☨߿ࠊ߇࿖ߢߪޔ╙2ޔ╙4ಽߦࠆࠃ ߁ߥᵴേ߇ୟ⊛ߦᄙߊޔㅒߦ╙1ಽߦࠆ ࠃ߁ߥࠬ࠻ࠬࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻߇߈ࠊߡዋߥ ⁁ߢࠅޔᓟޔ⡯႐ߢߩࠬ࠻ࠬࡑࡀࠫ ࡔࡦ࠻ߦ߅ߡޔ․ቯߩੱߩᔕ߿∝⁁ޔ㓚 ኂߦὶὐࠍᒰߡࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔߩࠬ࠻ࠬ ⷐ࿃ߦኻߔࠆࠬ࠻੍ࠬ㒐ኻ╷ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ ᵴേࠍዷ㐿ߔߴ߈ߣㅀߴߡࠆޕ એߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ࠍ〯߹߃ࠆߣޔ㜞㦂⠪⼔ ࠨࡆࠬᓥ⠪ߩࠬ࠻ࠬኻ╷ߪᓟߩ㊀ⷐ ߥ⺖㗴ߢࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ߘߎߢ࿁ޔഭ႐ߦ߅ߡ◲ଢߦ↪ߢ ߈ࠆ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ(ਅశߣዊ↰ ಾ, 2004)ߣᣣᧄ⺆ ദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧࡕ࠺࡞ ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬ⺞ᩏ(Siegrist et al, 1990; Siegrist, 1996; ႇ, 1999; 2000)ࠍ↪ޔ㜞㦂⠪ ⼔ࠨࡆࠬߦᓥߔࠆ᭽ޘߥ⡯⒳ߦ߅ߌࠆ ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬߩⷐ࿃ߦߟߡޔ⡯⒳㑆ߢߩᲧ セᬌ⸛ࠍㅢߒߡࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ⺞ ᩏࠍⴕߥߞߚޕ ᣇ ᴺ ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ ኻ⽎ߪޔਥᣦߦ⾥หߒදജߒߡߚߛߚ⨙ ၔ⋵߅ࠃ߮ၯ₹⋵ߩ⼔⠧ੱஜᣉ⸳(77ᣉ
⸳)ޔ⼔⠧ੱᣉ⸳(4ᣉ⸳)ޔ⼔≮㙃∛ᐥ ⟲ (1 ᣉ ⸳ ) ߦ ൕ ോ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ࡂ ࡆ ⡯ ( એ ਅ RHޕౝ⸶ߪℂቇ≮ᴺ჻(એਅPT)ᬺ≮ᴺ჻ (એਅOT)⸒⺆⡬ⷡ჻(એਅST))ޔ⋴⼔Ꮷ(એਅ NS)ޔ⼔⡯(એਅCW)ޔ⋧⺣⡯(ౝ⸶ߪ࠰ࠪ ࡖ࡞ࡢࠞ(એਅSW)ޔࠤࠕࡑࡀࠫࡖ(એਅ CM))ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚޕߎߎߢߪޔฦᣉ⸳ߦ৻ቯ ᢙએ㈩⟎ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ߹ߚ㜞㦂⠪⼔ߩ႐ ߦ߅ߡ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔߢࠈ߁⡯⒳ࠍ ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ߣߒߚޕ ୶ℂ⊛㈩ᘦ ⺞ᩏߪᣉ⸳ߏߣߦ⺞ᩏ⽿છ⠪ࠍቯߒޔ⺞ ᩏ⽿છ⠪ተߦㅍઃߒߚޕ⺞ᩏߩㅍઃߩ㓙ޔ⺰ ᢥ߿⊒╬ߢߪ⺞ᩏኻ⽎⠪ੱ߇․ቯߐࠇࠆ ߎߣߪߥߊޔ⺞ᩏኻ⽎⠪ߩੱᖱႎ߿ࡊࠗࡃ ࠪࠍଚߔߎߣ߇ߥߎߣޔᓧࠄࠇߚ࠺࠲ߪ ⎇ⓥએᄖߩ⋡⊛ߢ↪ߒߥߎߣޔࠕࡦࠤ࠻ ߳ߩ࿁╵ࠍ߽ߞߡ⎇ⓥ߳ߩหᗧߣߔࠆߎߣࠍ ⸥タߒߚ⺑ᦠࠍหኽߒߚޕหኽߒߚᦠ㕙ࠍర ߦޔ⺞ᩏ⽿છ⠪߆ࠄ⺞ᩏኻ⽎⠪߳ญ㗡ߦߡ⺞ᩏ දജߩ⿰ᣦޔ⎇ⓥ⋡⊛ޔᣇᴺࠍ⺑ߒߡ߽ࠄޔ หᗧ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߦኻߒߡ࿁╵ࠍଐ㗬ߒߚޕ ⺞ᩏߪή⸥ฬ⥄⸥ᑼߣߒޔ⸥ᓟߪᣉ⸳ߩ⺞ ᩏ⽿છ⠪߇৻ߒߡ⺞ᩏോዪ߳ㅍߒߚޕ 㓸ߒߚ࠺࠲ߪࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢߦធ⛯ߐࠇ ߡߥ࠺࠲ࡌࠬߦሽߒޔࡄࠬࡢ࠼ࠍ ⸳ቯߒߡታᣉ⽿છ⠪߮ታᣉಽᜂ⠪એᄖ߇ࠕ ࠢࠬߢ߈ߥࠃ߁ߦߒߚޕ߹ߚಽᨆߦ㓙ߒߡ ߪ࠺࠲ࠍࠦ࠼ൻߒߡੱ߇․ቯߐࠇߥ ࠃ߁ߦ㈩ᘦߒߚޕ⚿ᨐࠍ㐿ߔࠆ㓙ߦߪޔੱ ߇․ቯߐࠇߥࠃ߁ߦ㈩ᘦߒߚޕ ߥ߅ޔᧄ⺞ᩏߪߟߊ߫࿖㓙ᄢቇ⎇ⓥ୶ℂᆔຬ ળߦࠃࠆᛚࠍᓧߡታᣉߒߚޕ ⺞ᩏ߅ࠃ᷹߮ቯᣇᴺ ⺞ᩏᦼ㑆ߪᐔᚑ20ᐕ11㨪ᐔᚑ21ᐕ2ߢ ߞߚޕ ⺞ᩏ㗄⋡ੱዻᕈߪᕈޔᐕ㦂ޔක≮ஜ ߩ⾗ᩰߩήࠍߨߚޕࠬ࠻ࠬ࿃ሶࠍ ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߚ↪ߒߚ⺞ᩏߪޔ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏࠍ↪ޔㇷㅍᴺߦߡታᣉߒߚޕ ⡯႐ࠬ࠻࠶ࠨࡕ࠺࡞ߪߊߟ߆ឭ໒ߐ ࠇߡࠆ߇ޔᱧผ⊛ߦߪKarasek(1979, 1990) ߦࠃࠆޟߩⷐ᳞㧙ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ࡕ࠺࡞(job demands-control model)ޠ߇ฬߢࠆޕߎ ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪޔ⡯႐ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ࠬ࠻࠶ࠨ ߩᒝߐߪޔߩࡍࠬޔ㊂ޔᤨ㑆ޔߩ 㓙ߦⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆ♖⊛㓸ਛᐲ߿✕ᒛߩᐲว ߣߞߚޟߩⷐ᳞ᐲޠߣޔߩᗧᕁ ቯߩᐲวޔ⥄ಽߩ⢻ജ߿ᛛⴚࠍ⊒ើะߢ ߈ࠆน⢻ᕈߣߞߚޟߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ޠߣ ߁2ߟߩⷐ⚛ߣߘߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߦࠃߞߡ߹ ࠆߣߒޔߩⷐ᳞ᐲ߇㜞ߊࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞߇ૐ ⁁ᘒߢߪࠬ࠻ࠬᔕ߇㜞ߊޔ∔∛ߩࠬࠢ ߇㜞ߣߒߡࠆޕߐࠄߦߎࠇߦ⡯႐ߩม ห߆ࠄߩᡰេߩⷐ࿃ࠍട߃ߚⷐ᳞ᐲ㧙 ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞㧙ࠨࡐ࠻ࡕ࠺࡞߽ឭ᩺ߐࠇఝ ⑲ߥ⡯႐ࠬ࠻࠶ࠨࡕ࠺࡞ߩ1ߟߦߥߞߡ ࠆޕ ൮⊛ߥ⡯ᬺࠬ࠻ࠬࡕ࠺࡞ߣߒߡࠕࡔ ࠞ NIOSH (National Institure for Occupational Safety and Health)ߩjob stress model߇ࠆ(Hurrell and Mclaney, 1988)ޕߎ ࠇߪޔ⤘ᄢߥ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠍಽᨆߒߡߟߊࠄࠇߚ߽ ߩߢޔߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬⷐ࿃ߣޔߘࠇ ߦࠃߞߡᒁ߈ߎߐࠇࠆࠬ࠻ࠬᔕ߿ஜᐽ 㓚ኂࠍゲߣߒߡޔߎߩᔕㆊ⒟ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ ࠬ࠻ࠬᔕߩᒝߐࠍୃ㘼ߔࠆੱ⊛ⷐ᳞ޔ એᄖߩኅᐸ߆ࠄߩⷐ᳞ߩ߶߆ޔ␠ળ⊛ᡰេߥ ߤߩᐓᷤⷐ࿃߇ട߃ࠄࠇߡࠆޕ ⡯ᬺࠬ࠻ࠬࡕ࠺࡞ߦኻᔕߒߚ⺞ᩏߢߪޔ ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬ◲ᤃ⹏ଔޔKarasekࠄ߇㐿⊒ ߒߚJCQ (Ꮉ ઁ⠡⸶)ޔNIOSH⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ ࠬ⺞ᩏ(ේ⼱ ઁ⠡⸶)߇ࠅޔ࿁ߪഭ ႐ߦ߅ߡ◲ଢߦ↪ߢ߈ࠆ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬ ◲ᤃ⹏ଔࠍ↪ߒߚޕ ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏߪޔᐔᚑ7㨪11ᐕ ᐲഭ⋭ᆔ⸤⎇ⓥޟᬺ㑐ㅪ∔ᖚߩ੍㒐ߦ㑐ߔ ࠆ⎇ⓥޠߩࠬ࠻᷹ࠬቯࠣ࡞ࡊߩ⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐ
ߢࠅޔ⚂2.5ਁੱ(↵ᕈ15,933ੱޔᅚᕈ8,447 ੱ)ߩ⒳ޘߩᬺ⒳ޔ⡯⒳ߩഭ⠪ߩ࠺࠲ࡌ ࠬ߇ၮḰߣߥߞߡᚑߐࠇߡࠆޕ࿁╵ߩᣇᴺ ߪ4ઙᴺߢࠅޔో㗄⋡ߩ࿁╵ߦⷐߔࠆᤨ㑆ߪ ⚂10ಽߢࠆޕ ᧄ⺞ᩏߩዤᐲߩ᭴ᚑ߅ࠃ߮㗄⋡ᢙߪޔ ߩࠬ࠻ࠬⷐ࿃(17㗄⋡)ޔࠬ࠻ࠬᔕ(29㗄 ⋡)ޔୃ㘼ⷐ࿃(11㗄⋡)ߩ⸘57㗄⋡ߢࠆޕ࿁ ╵߆ࠄฦዤᐲߦᒰߔࠆ㗄⋡ߩὐᢙࠍ▚ߒ ߡ⹏ଔࠍⴕߞߡ߅ࠅޔ↵ᅚߦ⚛ὐ឵▚߇ ᚑߐࠇߡࠆޕ ߩࠬ࠻ࠬⷐ࿃ߦ㑐ߔࠆዤᐲߪޔᔃℂ⊛ ߥߩ㊂⊛⽶ᜂ(⾗ᢱA1㨪3)ߣᔃℂ⊛ߥ ߩ⾰⊛⽶ᜂ(4㨪6)ޔり⊛⽶ᜂ(7)ޔߩࠦࡦ ࠻ࡠ࡞(8㨪10)ޔᛛⴚߩᵴ↪(11)ޔኻੱ㑐ଥ(12 㨪14)ޔ⡯႐ⅣႺ(15)ޔߩㆡᕈᐲ(16)ޔ߈ ߇(17)߆ࠄߥߞߡࠆޕࠬ࠻ࠬᔕߦߟ ߡߪޔᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻ࠬᔕߣり⊛ࠬ࠻ࠬ ᔕߦߟߡ᷹ቯߢ߈ࠆޕ ᔃℂ⊛ࠬ࠻ࠬᔕߩਅዤᐲߪࡏࠫ࠹ࠖ ࡉߥዤᐲߣߒߡᵴ᳇(⾗ᢱB1㨪3)ޔࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉ ߥዤᐲߣߒߡࠗࠗᗵ(4㨪6)ޔ∋ഭᗵ(7㨪9)ޔ ਇᗵ(10㨪12)ޔᛥ߁ߟᗵ(13㨪18)ޔり⊛ࠬ ࠻ࠬᔕߪりᗜ⸷ߦߟߡ11㗄⋡(19㨪 29)߆ࠄߥߞߡࠆޕ ୃ㘼ⷐ࿃ߣߒߡߪޔมޔหޔ߅ࠃ߮㈩ ⠪ኅᣖੱ߆ࠄߩᡰេ9㗄⋡(⾗ᢱC1㨪9) ߅ࠃ߮⡯႐ࠆߪኅᐸ↢ᵴߦኻߔࠆḩ⿷ᐲ ߩ2㗄⋡(⾗ᢱD1ޔ2)߇ࠆޕ ᣣᧄ⺆ ദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧࡕ࠺࡞⡯ᬺᕈࠬ ࠻ࠬ⺞ᩏߪޔో࿖191⡯႐(6,961ੱ)ߦ߅ߌ ࠆ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐࠍၮߦޔ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬ࠻ࠬߩᄢ ߈ߐࠍផቯߒߡࠆޕ⺞ᩏߪദജ㗄⋡6ߣႎ ㈽㗄⋡11߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ⡯ᬺ↢ᵴߦ߅ߌ ࠆޟദജޠߣޟႎ㈽ޠߩੑߟߩゲࠍၮߦ⡯႐ߩ ᘟᕈ⊛ߥࠬ࠻ࠬ⁁ᴫࠍᛠីߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆࡕ ࠺࡞ߢࠆޕฦ㗄⋡ߦኻߔࠆ࿁╵ߪ5ઙᴺߢޔ ో㗄⋡ߩ࿁╵ߦⷐߔࠆᤨ㑆ߪ⚂5ಽ⒟ᐲߢ ࠆޕ⡯ᬺ↢ᵴߦ߅ߡ⾌߿ߔദജߣޔߘߎ߆ࠄ ᓧࠄࠇࠆߴ߈ޔ߽ߒߊߪᓧࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐ ࠇࠆႎ㈽߇ߟࠅࠊߥޟ㜞ദജ/ૐႎ㈽⁁ᘒޠ ࠍࠬ࠻ࠬࡈ࡞ߣߒߡࠆޕޟദജޠࠍ᷹ቯߔ ࠆዤᐲߪޔߩⷐ᳞ᐲޔ⽿છޔ⽶ᜂࠍ᷹ቯߔ ࠆ㗄⋡߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡࠆޕޟႎ㈽ޠዤᐲߪഭ ⠪߇߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩޔ߽ߒߊߪᦼᓙߐ ࠇࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡᔃℂ⊛ߥዅ㊀ႎ㈽ޔ⡯ߩቯᕈ ߿ㅴߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ㈽߅ࠃ߮㊄㌛߿ߦ㑐ㅪ ߔࠆႎ㈽ࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆ㗄⋡߆ࠄߥߞߡࠆޕ ㊂ߪᄙߩߦਇቯߥޔㅴߩㅢߒ߿ㆡ ᒰߥႎ㈽߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߥߊ㜞ࡌ࡞ߩᬺ ❣ࠍ᳞ࠄࠇࠆޔ৻↢ ߿ߞߡࠆߩߦ ᱜᒰߦ⹏ଔߐࠇߥ⁁ᴫޔߥߤ߇ദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇ ဋⴧ⁁ᘒߩߣߒߡߍࠄࠇߡࠆޕ ദജⷐ⚛ߩᓧὐߪ㗄⋡ERI1ERI6ߩ6 㗄⋡ ߩ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࡏ࠶ࠢࠬߩฝߦࠆᢙሼࠍว⸘ ߒߡ▚ߔࠆޕദജ㗄⋡ߩ✚ᓧὐߪ6ὐ߆ࠄ30 ὐߩ▸࿐ࠍߣࠅޔᓧὐ߇㜞߶ߤޔ࿁╵⠪ߦࠃ ߞߡ⚻㛎ߐࠇߡࠆߩⷐ᳞ᐲ߇㜞ߣ⠨ ߃ࠄࠇࠆޕႎ㈽ߩⷐ⚛ߦߪޔ⡯ᬺߩႎ㈽ࠍ᭴ ᚑߔࠆਃߟߩ㗄⋡⟲߇ᗐቯߐࠇߡࠆޕዅ㊀ႎ ㈽ ߣ ߒ ߡ ቯ ⟵ ߐ ࠇ ࠆ 㗄 ⋡ (ERI7ERI10 ޔ ERI15)ޔ⡯ߩቯᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗄⋡(ERI11ޔ ERI13)ޔ㊄㌛߿ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ㗄⋡(ERI12ޔ ERI14ޔERI16ERI17)ޕႎ㈽ᓧὐߪߎߩ11㗄 ⋡ߩ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࡏ࠶ࠢࠬߩฝߦࠆᢙሼࠍߔ ߴߡว⸘ߒߡᓧࠄࠇࠆޕ㜞ᓧὐ(ᦨ㜞55ὐ)ߪ㜞 ႎ㈽ࠍޔૐᓧὐ(ᦨૐ11ὐ)߶ߤૐႎ㈽ߦࠃࠆᖠ ߺ߇ᒝߎߣࠍᗧߒߡࠆޕ ⚿ᨐߩ⹏ଔ ࠬࠢ߇100%ߣߥࠆᓧὐᲧ߇ޔᤨὐߢᧄ ㇌ߦ߅ߌࠆᐔဋ⊛ߥ᳓Ḱߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆദജ/ႎ ㈽ᓧὐᲧߢࠆޕ100%ࠍ߃ࠆಽ߇ޔᧄ࠷ ࡞ߢᝒ߃ࠄࠇࠆ⡯႐ߩࠬ࠻ࠬࠬࠢߢࠆޕ ⡯႐ߩദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧᓧὐᲧ߇0.6႐วߩஜ ᐽࠬࠢߪ100%ߢࠆޕ 0.85ߩ႐วߪޔஜᐽࠬࠢߪ150%ޕߟ߹ࠅ ⡯႐ߩࠬ࠻ࠬߪޔ50%Ⴧߒߦߥࠆޕ1ߩ႐ว ߪޔஜᐽࠬࠢߪ175%ߢޔ⡯႐ߩࠬ࠻ࠬߪ 75%Ⴧߒߦߥࠆޕ
ಽᨆᣇᴺ ⚿ᨐߪ⾰ߩ࿁╵ߢࠆ4ઙᴺߦԘߘ߁ߛ(1 ὐ)ޔԙ߹ߘ߁ߛ(2ὐ)ޔԚ߿߿ߜ߇߁(3ὐ) ߅ࠃ߮ԛߜ߇߁(4ὐ)ߩὐᢙࠍਈ߃ޔ࿃ሶߏߣ ߦว▚ߒ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬ◲ᤃណὐᴺߦᓥߞߡ ว▚ߒߚὐᢙߩᐔဋࠍޔߩ⚛ὐ឵▚߆ࠄԘ ࠬ࠻ࠬ߇ૐ(ዋߥ)ޔԙ߿߿ૐ(߿߿ዋߥ )ޔԚ᥉ㅢޔԛ߿߿㜞(߿߿ᄙ)ޔԜ㜞(ᄙ )ߩᲑ㓏ߩࠬ࠻ࠬࠞ࠹ࠧߦᒰߡߪߡ ಽ㘃ߒߚޕ߹ߚޔ㜞㦂⠪ࠤࠕᓥ⠪ߩࠬ࠻ࠬ ࿃ሶߦߟߡޔઁߩ⡯⒳ߣᲧセߔࠆߚߦޔਅ శ ઁ(2000)߇ⴕߞߚో࿖ഭ⠪ߩࠬ࠻ࠬ⺞ ᩏߦࠃࠆޔ㜞ࠬ࠻ࠬࠞ࠹ࠧഀวߩᮡḰ୯ (ࠬ࠻ࠬ߇㜞߹ߚߪᄙ⠪ߩࠞ࠹ࠧഀ วߩᮡḰ)ࠍ↪ߡᲧセߒߚޕኻ⽎⠪ߩ㜞ࠬ࠻ ࠬࠞ࠹ࠧᬌቯߪ᷹ⷰ୯ߩ95%ା㗬㑆 ࠍ▚ߒޔో࿖ഭ⠪ߩᮡḰ୯ߣᲧセߒߚޕ ߹ߚޔ⡯⒳㑆ᐕઍߩᏅߦߟߡޔ৻ర㈩ ⟎ಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚ(SPSS17.0)ޕᗧߥਥലᨐ߇ ࠄࠇߚ႐วߪޔpost-hocߣߒߡR.E.G.W. ߩᬌቯࠍⴕߞߚޕ߹ߚޔᕈᏅᐕ㦂Ꮕߦߟߡ ߪޔኻᔕߩߥtᬌቯࠍⴕߞߚޕฦᬌቯߣ߽ ᗧ᳓Ḱߪ5%ᧂḩߣߒߚޕ ദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧࡕ࠺࡞⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐߪޔ࿃ ሶߏߣߦว▚ߒߚὐᢙߩᐔဋࠍ⡯⒳ߏߣߦ߹ ߣޔో࿖ഭ⠪ߩᮡḰ୯ߣᲧセߒߚޕ ⚿ ᨐ ၮᧄዻᕈ ല࿁╵⠪ᢙߪ451ฬ(ᐔဋᐕ㦂34.5ᱦޔᮡḰ Ꮕ10.7)ߢߞߚޕߘߩౝ⸶ߪޔPT63ฬ(ᐔဋ ᐕ㦂32.9ᱦޔᮡḰᏅ9.0)ޔOT31ฬ(ᐔဋᐕ㦂 30.1ᱦޔᮡḰᏅ5.7)ޔST7ฬ(ᐔဋᐕ㦂27.6 ᱦޔᮡḰᏅ3.1)ޔNS58ฬ(ᐔဋᐕ㦂41.6ᱦޔ ᮡḰᏅ10.7)ޔCW248ฬ(ᐔဋᐕ㦂34.0ᱦޔᮡ ḰᏅ10.7)ޔSW52ฬ(ᐔဋᐕ㦂30.9ᱦޔᮡḰ Ꮕ7.1)ޔCM19ฬ(ᐔဋᐕ㦂41.8ᱦޔᮡḰᏅ 8.8)ߢߞߚޕ߹ߚޔᕈߢߪޔ↵ᕈ165ฬ(ᐔ ဋᐕ㦂31.6ᱦޔᮡḰᏅ8.0)ޔᅚᕈ286ฬ(ᐔဋ ᐕ㦂36.2ᱦޔᮡḰᏅ11.2)ߢߞߚ(1)ޕ ⡯⒳↵ᅚࠬ࠻ࠬ ⡯⒳↵ᅚࠬ࠻ࠬ࿃ሶߩᐔဋὐࠍޔ ࠬ࠻ࠬ߇ዋߥ߆ࠄᄙ߹ߢߩ5Ბ㓏ߩࠬ࠻ ࠬࠞ࠹ࠧಽ㘃ߦၮߠߡಽߒޔᰴߦ㜞 ࠬ࠻ࠬࠞ࠹ࠧߩഀวࠍో࿖⺞ᩏߩᮡḰ ୯ߣᲧセߒߚ(2)ޕ 1㧚ၮᧄዻᕈ ੱᢙ ᐕ㦂ᐔဋ୯rᮡḰᏅ ല࿁╵ r ᕈ ↵ᕈ r ᅚᕈ r ⡯⒳ ℂቇ≮ᴺ჻ r ᬺ≮ᴺ჻ r ⸒⺆⡬ⷡ჻ r ⋴⼔Ꮷ r ⼔⡯ r ࠰ࠪࡖ࡞ࡢࠞ r ࠤࠕࡑࡀࠫࡖ r
2㧚
⡯ᬺߩ
Ԙ↵ᕈߩࠬ࠻ࠬ࿃ሶߩᐔဋὐߣ㜞ࠬ࠻ࠬ ࠞ࠹ࠧഀว ߩⷐ᳞ᐲ ࠬ࠻ࠬ࿃ሶࠍߩⷐ᳞ᐲߢࠆᔃℂ⊛ ߥߩ㊂ߩ⽶ᜂޔᔃℂ⊛ߥߩ⾰ߩ⽶ᜂޔ ⥄ⷡ⊛ߥり⊛⽶ᜂޔ⡯႐ߩኻੱ㑐ଥޔ⡯႐Ⅳ Ⴚߩ5ߟߩ࿃ሶᐔဋ߆ࠄߺߚޕ↵ᕈߢߪCMޔ NSߩり⊛⽶ᜂߦࠃࠆࠬ࠻ࠬࠞ࠹ࠧߪ ࠬ࠻ࠬ߇㜞/ᄙߢߞߚޕRHߢߪޔ߿߿ 㜞/߿߿ᄙߢߞߚޕᔃℂ⊛ߥߩ㊂ߩ ⽶ᜂߪSWޔRHߢߪޔ߿߿㜞/߿߿ᄙߢ ߞߚޕᔃℂ⊛ߥߩ⾰ߩ⽶ᜂߪޔ࠰ࠪࡖ࡞ ࡢࠞޔRHޔNSߢ߿߿㜞/߿߿ᄙߢ ߞߚޕో࿖ഭ⠪ߩ⺞ᩏߣޔ㜞ࠬ࠻ࠬࠞ࠹ࠧ ഀวࠍᲧセߒߡߺࠆߣޔߩⷐ᳞ᐲߩ߁ ߜޔ⥄ⷡ⊛ߥり⽶ᜂᐲߪCWޔNSߢో࿖ᐔ ဋ୯ߩ⚂8㧙12ߣ㜞ߊޔᔃℂ⊛ߥߩ⽶ᜂ (⾰)ߢߪޔCWޔRHߢో࿖ᐔဋ୯ߩ⚂2㧙4ߣ 㜞߆ߞߚޕ ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ᐲ ↵ᕈߩߩⷐ᳞ᐲߦ߅ߌࠆᐔဋ୯ߪޔ CWޔNSߢ߿߿㜞/߿߿ᄙߢߞߚޕ CWޔNSߩ㜞ࠬ࠻ࠬࠞ࠹ࠧഀวߪో ࿖ഭ⠪ߩ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߣᲧセߒߡߺࠆߣ⚂3㧙5 㜞߆ߞߚޕ ԙᅚᕈߩࠬ࠻ࠬ࿃ሶߩᐔဋὐߣ㜞ࠬ࠻ࠬ ࠞ࠹ࠧഀว ߩⷐ᳞ᐲ ᅚᕈߢߪޔCWRHߢ⥄ⷡ⊛ߥり⊛⽶ᜂ ߩᐔဋࠬ࠻ࠬࠞ࠹ࠧߪ㜞/ᄙߢߞ ߚޕNSߢߪޔ߿߿㜞/߿߿ᄙߢߞߚޕᔃ ℂ⊛ߥߩ⾰ߩ⽶ᜂߦ߅ߡߪޔCWޔSWޔ RHޔNSߢ߿߿㜞/߿߿ᄙߢߞߚޕᅚᕈ ߩߩⷐ᳞ᐲߩ㜞ࠬ࠻ࠬࠞ࠹ࠧഀว ࠍో࿖ᮡḰ୯ߣᲧセߒߚߣߎࠈޔ⥄ⷡ⊛ߥり ⽶ᜂᐲߪCWޔRHޔNSߦ߅ߡޔో࿖ᐔဋߩ ⚂5㧙7㜞߆ߞߚޕ߹ߚޔᔃℂ⊛ߥߩ⾰ ߩ⽶ᜂߦ߅ߡߪޔ㜞ࠬ࠻ࠬࠞ࠹ࠧഀว ࠍో࿖ᮡḰ୯ߣᲧセߒߚߣߎࠈޔCWޔSWޔ RHޔNSߢޔ⚂3㧙5㜞߆ߞߚޕ⡯႐ⅣႺߣ ߒߡޔ㜞ࠬ࠻ࠬࠞ࠹ࠧഀวࠍో࿖ᮡḰ୯ ߣᲧセߒߚߣߎࠈޔCWޔSWޔRHޔNSߢޔ ⚂2ૐ߆ߞߚޕ ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ᐲ ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ᐲߢߪޔ4⡯⒳ߣ߽ห᭽ ߦޔ᥉ㅢߢߞߚޕߩ߈߇ߪޔRHߦ ߅ߡૐ/ዋߥߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅޔࠬ࠻ࠬߪ ߿߿㜞߆ߞߚޕో࿖ᮡḰ୯ߣᲧセߔࠆߣޔో࿖ ᐔဋߩ⚂13㜞߆ߞߚޕ 3㧚り⊛⽶ᜂ̪1 ▸࿐C ⡯⒳ ᐲᢙ ǩ ߩࠨࡉࠣ࡞ࡊ ⼔⡯ ⋴⼔Ꮷ ℂቇ≮ᴺ჻ ᬺ≮ᴺ჻ ⸒⺆⡬ⷡ჻ ࠰ࠪࡖ࡞ࡢࠞ ࠤࠕࡑࡀࠫࡖ ᗧ⏕₸ ̪1り⊛⽶ᜂߪߩࠬ࠻ࠬⷐ࿃ߦ㑐ߔࠆዤᐲߢࠅޔὐᢙ߇㜞߶ߤり ⊛ߥ⽶ᜂ߇ૐߊޔὐᢙ߇ૐ߶ߤり⊛ߥ⽶ᜂ߇㜞ߎߣࠍᗧߔࠆޕ
4㧚ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞̪1 ▸࿐C ⡯⒳ ᐲᢙ ǩ ߩࠨࡉࠣ࡞ࡊ ᬺ≮ᴺ჻ ⸒⺆⡬ⷡ჻ ℂቇ≮ᴺ჻ ࠤࠕࡑࡀࠫࡖ ࠰ࠪࡖ࡞ࡢࠞ ⋴⼔Ꮷ ⼔⡯ ᗧ⏕₸ ̪1ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߪߩࠬ࠻ࠬⷐ࿃ߦ㑐ߔࠆዤᐲߢࠅޔὐᢙ߇㜞߶ߤ ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߪૐߊޔὐᢙ߇ૐ߶ߤߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞߇㜞ߎߣࠍᗧ ߔࠆޕ 5㧚ߩㆡᕈᐲ̪1 ▸࿐ ǩ ߩࠨࡉࠣ࡞ࡊ ⡯⒳ ᐲᢙ ℂቇ≮ᴺ჻ ᬺ≮ᴺ჻ ⸒⺆⡬ⷡ჻ ⼔⡯ ⋴⼔Ꮷ ࠤࠕࡑࡀࠫࡖ ࠰ࠪࡖ࡞ࡢࠞ ᗧ⏕₸ ̪ 1 ߩㆡᕈᐲߪߩࠬ࠻ࠬⷐ࿃ߦ㑐ߔࠆዤᐲߢࠅޔὐᢙ߇㜞߶ߤ ߦኻߔࠆㆡᕈᐲ߇ૐߊޔὐᢙ߇ૐ߶ߤߩㆡᕈᐲ߇㜞ߎߣࠍᗧߔࠆޕ 6㧚߈߇̪1 ▸࿐ ǩ ߩࠨࡉࠣ࡞ࡊ ⡯⒳ ᐲᢙ ℂቇ≮ᴺ჻ ⸒⺆⡬ⷡ჻ ⼔⡯ ᬺ≮ᴺ჻ ࠰ࠪࡖ࡞ࡢࠞ ࠤࠕࡑࡀࠫࡖ ⋴⼔Ꮷ ᗧ⏕₸ ̪1߈߇ߪߩࠬ࠻ࠬⷐ࿃ߦ㑐ߔࠆዤᐲߢࠅޔὐᢙ߇㜞߶ߤ߈߇ ߇ૐߊޔὐᢙ߇ૐ߶ߤ߈߇߇㜞ߎߣࠍᗧߔࠆޕ
7㧚ᐕ㦂̪1
̪1ฦ㗄⋡ߪࠬ࠻ࠬߩⷐ࿃ߦ㑐ߔࠆዤᐲߢࠅޔᔃℂ⊛ߥߩ㊂⊛⽶ᜂߣᵴ ᳇ߪὐᢙ߇ૐ߶ߤ㜞ࠬ࠻ࠬࠍ߽ߚࠄߒޔߩㆡᕈᐲ∋ഭᗵਇᗵ りᗜ⸷ߪὐᢙ߇㜞߶ߤ㜞ࠬ࠻߽ࠬߚࠄߔⷐ࿃ߦߥࠆߎߣࠍᗧߔࠆޕ
り⊛⽶ᜂ(3) 7⡯⒳ࠍⷐ࿃ߣߒߚ৻ర㈩⟎ಽᢔಽᨆࠍⴕߞ ߚ⚿ᨐޔᗧߥਥലᨐࠍߚ(p<.05)ޕ ᄙ㊀Ყセߩ⚿ᨐޔCWޔNSޔPTޔOTߩり ⊛⽶မ߇ᄢ߈ࠣ࡞ࡊߣり⊛⽶မ߇シ ࠤࠕࡑࡀࠫࡖߦಽ߆ࠇߚ(p<.05)ޕ ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞(4) 7⡯⒳ࠍⷐ࿃ߣߒߚ৻ర㈩⟎ಽᢔಽᨆࠍⴕߞ ߚ⚿ᨐޔᗧߥਥലᨐࠍߚ(p<.05)ޕ ᄙ㊀Ყセߩ⚿ᨐޔPTOTSTߩߩࠦࡦ ࠻ࡠ࡞߇ߢ߈ߡࠆࠣ࡞ࡊߣߩࠦࡦ ࠻ ࡠ ࡞ ߇ ߢ ߈ ߡ ߥ CW ߦ ಽ ߆ ࠇ ߚ (p<.05)ޕ ߩㆡᕈᐲ(5) 7⡯⒳ࠍⷐ࿃ߣߒߚ৻ర㈩⟎ಽᢔಽᨆࠍⴕߞ ߚ⚿ᨐޔᗧߥਥലᨐࠍߚ(p<.05)ޕ ᄙ㊀Ყセߩ⚿ᨐޔPTߢߪߩㆡᕈᐲߪ㜞 ߊޔSWߢߪߩㆡᕈᐲߪૐ(p<.05)ޕ Ԛ⡯⒳ߏߣߩᏅ ߈߇(6) 7⡯⒳ࠍⷐ࿃ߣߒߚ৻ర㈩⟎ಽᢔಽᨆࠍⴕߞ ߚ⚿ᨐޔᗧߥਥലᨐࠍߚ(p<.05)ޕ ᄙ㊀Ყセߩ⚿ᨐޔPTߢߪ߈߇߇㜞ߊޔ NSߢߪ߈߇߇ૐ(p<.05)ޕ ԛᐕ㦂(7) tᬌቯࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ᨐޔᔃℂ⊛ߥߩ㊂⊛⽶ ᜂ (t(449)=2.804 ޔ p<.01) ߩ ㆡ ᕈ ᐲ (t(449)=2.345ޔp<.05)ᵴ᳇(t(449)=2.035ޔ p<.05)∋ഭᗵ(t(449)=4.226ޔp<.01)ਇᗵ (t(449)=2.53ޔp<.05)りᗜ⸷(t(449)=2.261ޔ p<.05)ߦᗧᏅࠍߚޕ Ԝദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧࡕ࠺࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬ࠻ࠬ ദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧࡕ࠺࡞ࠬ࠻ࠬߩ⡯⒳ ߩਛߢޔദജ㧙ႎ㈽Ყߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔᐔဋ୯1.1 ߆ࠄ1.6ߩ㑆ߦࠅޔ↵ᅚߦ߅ߡ߽ᄢ߈ߥᏅ ߪࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ(8)ޕ ᣣᧄੱ↵ᕈഭ⠪ߦ߅ߌࠆദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋ ⴧࡕ࠺࡞⺞ᩏߦࠃࠆዤᐲᓧὐ߅ࠃ߮ࠬ࠻ ࠬᜰᮡߩઍ୯ࠍ⼔ᓥ⠪ߣᲧセߒߚޕ↵ᕈ ߩദജ/ႎ㈽ᓧὐᲧߩᐔဋ୯ߦ߅ߡߪޔઁ⡯ ⒳ᐔဋ0.64ߩ⚂2ߢߞߚ(9)ޕ 9㧚ദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧࡕ࠺࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬ࠻ࠬ㧔↵ᕈ㧕 1) 㜞ᓧὐ㧩㜞ࠬ࠻ࠬߣߥࠆࠃ߁▚ޕ
10㧚ദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧࡕ࠺࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬ࠻ࠬ㧔ᅚᕈ㧕 1) 㜞ᓧὐ㧩㜞ࠬ࠻ࠬߣߥࠆࠃ߁▚ޕ ᣣᧄੱᅚᕈഭ⠪ߦ߅ߌࠆദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋ ⴧࡕ࠺࡞⺞ᩏߦࠃࠆዤᐲᓧὐ߅ࠃ߮ࠬ࠻ ࠬᜰᮡߩઍ୯ࠍ⼔ᓥ⠪ߣᲧセߒߚޕᅚᕈ ߩദജ/ႎ㈽ᓧὐᲧߩᐔဋ୯ߦ߅ߡߪޔઁ⡯ ⒳ᐔဋ0.6ߩ⚂2ᒝࠬ࠻ࠬ߇㜞⚿ᨐߢ ߞߚ(10)ޕ ⠨ ኤ 㜞㦂⠪⼔ࠨࡆࠬᓥ⠪ߩࠬ࠻ࠬ ࿁ߩ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐࠃࠅޔ㜞㦂⠪ᚲᣉ⸳ߢࠤࠕ ߩᓥߔࠆ⠪ߩࠬ࠻ࠬࠞ࠹ࠧߪޔ⥄ⷡ⊛ ߥり⽶ᜂޔᔃℂ⊛ߥߩ⽶ᜂ(⾰ߣ㊂)߇㜞 /ᄙߢߞߚޕ࿁ߩ⚿ᨐࠍޔ⡯႐ߩᔃℂ ␠ળ⊛ⷐ࿃ߦߟߡߩࡕ࠺࡞ߣߒߡޔKarasek ߩߩⷐ᳞㊂㧙ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ࡕ࠺࡞ߦᒰߡ ߪߚޕߎߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪޔ⡯႐ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ ࠬ࠻࠶ࠨߩᒝߐߪޔߩ⾰߿㊂ޔᤨ㑆ޔ ߦ㓙ߦⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆ♖⊛㓸ਛᐲ߿✕ᒛߩ ᐲวߥߤߩߩⷐ᳞ᐲߣޔߩᗧᕁ ቯߩᐲวޔ⥄ಽߩ឴ജ߿ᛛⴚࠍ⊒ើะߢ ߈ࠆน⢻ᕈߥߤߩߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ᐲߣ ߁2ߟߩⷐ⚛ߣߘߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߦࠃߞߡ߹ࠆ ߣߒޔԘ㜞ࠬ࠻ࠗࡦ⟲(ߩⷐ᳞ᐲ߇㜞 ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ᐲ߇ૐ)㧦ᔃℂ⊛ߥ ࠬ࠻ࠬᔕ߇㜞ߊߥࠆߣߐࠇࠆޔԙࠕࠢ࠹ࠖ ࡉ⟲(㜞࠺ࡑࡦ࠼㜞ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞)㧦ߪ߈ ߟ߇߿ࠅ߇ࠍᗵߓߡ߅ࠅ࿎㔍ߥ⺖㗴ࠍస ߒࠃ߁ߣᗧ᰼߇ᒝޔԚૐࠬ࠻ࠗࡦ⟲(ૐ ࠺ࡑࡦ࠼㜞ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞)㧦ᦨ߽ࠬ࠻ࠬ߇ ዋߥޔԛࡄ࠶ࠪࡉ⟲(ૐ࠺ࡑࡦ࠼ૐࠦࡦ࠻ ࡠ࡞)㧦ೝỗߦਲߒߊ⢻ജ߇ᰴ╙ߦ⪜❗ߐࠇ ߡߊޔߣߞߚ㧠ߟߦ㘃ဳൻߒߡࠆޕ ᓧὐߪ5Ბ㓏ߢᐔဋ୯ࠍ↪ߡ⹏ଔߔࠆߣޔ ↵ᕈߢߪޔCWޔNSߪ߶߷ห᭽ߦޔߩⷐ ᳞ᐲߣߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ᐲߪ߿߿㜞/߿߿ ᄙߢࠅޔ㜞ࠬ࠻ࠗࡦ⟲ߦዻߔࠆߣ⠨߃ ࠆޕRHޔSWߦ߅ߡߪߩⷐ᳞ᐲߪޔ㜞 ะߛ߇ޔߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ᐲߪ᥉ㅢߢ ߞߚߩߢޔࠕࠢ࠹ࠖࡉ⟲ߣ⠨߃ࠆ ᅚᕈߢߪޔCWޔSWޔNSߩߩⷐ᳞ᐲߪ 㜞ߊࠬ࠻ࠬ߇㜞ߎߣ߆ࠄ⡯႐ߩᔃℂ␠ળ
⊛ࠬ࠻࠶ࠨ߇ᒝߊޔߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ᐲ ߦߟߡߪޔ⡯႐ߩᔃℂ␠ળ⊛ࠬ࠻࠶ࠨ ߩᒝߐ߇ૐߩߢޔࠕࠢ࠹ࠖࡉ⟲(㜞࠺ࡑࡦ ࠼㜞ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞)ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕRHߪޔ ߩⷐ᳞ᐲߣߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ᐲߪ㜞ߩ ߢޔ㜞ࠬ࠻ࠗࡦ⟲ߦዻߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆޕ ߹ߚޔ㜞㦂⠪ᣉ⸳ߢߩࠤࠕᓥ⠪ߪޔో࿖৻ ⥸ഭ⠪ߦᲧߴࠆߣޔ㜞ࠬ࠻ࠬࠞ࠹ࠧߦ ዻߔࠆ⠪ߩഀวߢޔߩⷐ᳞ߩਛߢ⥄ⷡ⊛ߥ り⊛⽶ᜂᐲ߇․ߦ㜞ߊޔᰴߦ⥄ⷡ⊛ߥߩ ⾰ߩ⽶ᜂ߇㜞߆ߞߚޕߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄޔ㊀ᐲൻ ะߩⷐ⼔⠪ߦኻߔࠆࠤࠕߪޔࡂ࠼ߢࠅޔ ߘߩਛߢߐࠄߦࠤࠕߩ⾰ࠍ᳞ࠄࠇߡࠆ ⁁߇ᶋ߈ᓂࠅߦߐࠇߚޕ ᨋ ઁ(2010)ߪฦ⡯⒳ߦ᳞ࠄࠇࠆᓎഀߣ ታߩᬺോߩ㑆ߦߪࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߇ࠅޔߥ߅߆ߟ ↪⠪ߩ↢ᵴࠤࠕࠍㅢߒߚઁ⡯⒳ߣߩㅪ៤߇Ꮧ ⭯ߢࠆߣㅀߴߡࠆޕ ⡯⒳ߏߣߩᏅߦߟߡ PTOTSTߪޔࠍ⥄ಽߢࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ ߢ߈ࠆ⁁ᴫߦࠅޔ․ߦPTߪߦኻߔࠆㆡ ᕈᐲߣ߈߇߇㜞ߎߣ߿り⊛⽶ᜂ߇㜞 ะߢࠆߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚޕ ⼔⠧ੱஜᣉ⸳ߦ߅ߌࠆࡂࡆੱຬၮ Ḱߢߪޔ100ᐥߦኻߒPTOTST߇1ฬએ ⸳⟎ߐࠇߡࠇ߫ࠃߎߣߦߥߞߡࠆޕߒ߆ ߒޔෘ↢ഭ⋭ߩᐔᚑ16㨪18ᐕᐲ⼔ࠨࡆ ࠬᣉ⸳ᬺᚲ⺞ᩏߢߪޔ⼔⠧ੱஜᣉ⸳1 ᣉ⸳ᒰߚࠅߩRH㈩⟎ᢙߪᏱൕ឵▚ᢙߢޔᐔᚑ 16ᐕ2.0ੱޔᐔᚑ17ᐕ2.2ੱޔᐔᚑ18ᐕ2.4ੱߣ Ⴧ߃ߡߪࠆ߇ޔᣂߚߦࡂࡆ࠹࡚ࠪࡦታ ᣉ⸘↹ᦠᚑ߿⍮∝⍴ᦼ㓸ਛࡂࡆ࠹ ࡚ࠪࡦታᣉട▚ᬺോ߇ടࠊߞߡ߈ߡ߅ࠅޔᬺോ ౝኈࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߣଐὼߣߒߡਇ⿷ߒߡࠆߣ ⸒߃ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔ৻ੱߚࠅߩᬺോ⽶ᜂࠍ ⠨߃ࠆߣޔ৻ᤨ⊛ߦߩㆡᕈ߿߈߇߇ ࠆߦߒߡ߽ޔᓟ㊂ࠬ࠻ࠬ⁁ᴫ߇Ⴧߔߎ ߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇޔPTOTSTࠍჇ߿ߔߎߣ߇ᣧ ᕆߦᦸ߹ࠇࠆޕ CWߪޔ߇ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߢ߈ߡߥߎ ߣ߿り⊛⽶ᜂߩ㗄⋡ߩഀว߇㜞߆ߞߚޕ 㜞ᯅ ઁ(2002)ߦࠃࠆ⼔⠧ੱᣉ⸳ߦ ⡯ߒߡࠆCWߩࠬ࠻ࠬߩ⺞ᩏߦ߅ߡޔ ߇ᄙߊᤨ㑆ߦㅊࠊࠇࠆ(50.3%)ޔᄛൕᤨߦ ߆߇ߎࠆߩߢߪߥ߆ߣ✕ᒛߔࠆ(38.9%)ߩ ⚿ᨐߣ㑐ㅪ߇ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ CWߪޔߩ㊂߇ᄙߊ᜔᧤ᤨ㑆߇㐳ߎߣ ߦട߃ޔ⥄ಽߩࡍࠬߢࠍߔࠆߎߣ߇㔍ߒ ߚߦޔࠍߔࠆⅣႺߩ߶߷ో߇ࠬ࠻ ࠬࠍ↢ߺߔ᭴ㅧߦߥߞߡࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ᱞౝߣ↰ญ(2003)ߪޔCWߪஜᏱ⠪ࠃࠅ߽ਇ ஜᐽߢޔਥߦりߦᓇ㗀ߒߡࠆߣㅀߴߡ ࠆޕߐࠄߦޔࠬ࠻ࠬ㗴߇⊒↢ߔࠆน⢻ᕈߩ ࠆㇱ⟑ߢࠆߣ߽ᜰ៰ߒߡࠆޕ ߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄCWߦ߅ߌࠆ⋥ធ⊛ᡷༀ╷ߣ ߒߡߪޔൕോᤨ㑆߿ൕോᣣᢙߩ⺞ᢛࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ ߢᤨ㑆⊛ߥࠍࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ㑆ធ ⊛ᡷༀ╷ߣߒߡߪޔCWߩ▤ℂ⠪ࠍ㙃ᚑߒޔࠨ ࡐ࠻ࠍ⋥ߔߎߣߢޔࠬ࠻ࠬࠍࠅ ߒߦߊੱ㑆㑐ଥߣੱຬߩ᭴▽߇᳞ࠄ ࠇࠆޕ ޘੱ߳ߩࠬ࠻ࠬ⸃ᶖߦߟߡߪޔੱ⋧ ⺣ߥߤߩᡰេ߿ࠬ࠻ࠬ⸃ᶖᴺߦߟߡߩᜰ ዉ߇ലᨐ⊛ߢߪࠆ߇ޔੱ⊛ߥኻಣߦߪ㒢⇇ ߇ࠅޔฦ⡯႐ߢߩ╙1ᰴ੍㒐ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚࠬ࠻ ࠬࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩ㓸࿅ᜰዉࠍੱᜰዉߣห ᤨߦⴕ߁ߎߣ߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆ(ਃᓼ ઁ, 2008)ޕ SWߪޔߩㆡᕈᐲߩ㗄⋡ߩഀว߇㜞ߊޔ ߩㆡᕈᐲߪૐะߢߞߚޕ SWߪ1ᣉ⸳ߦ⚂2㨪3ੱߢޔᣉ⸳ౝᄖߩኾ㐷 ⡯㑆ߩㅪ៤⺞ᢛ߿ኅᣖᡰេࠍⴕޔක≮ᯏ㑐 ߩකᏧߣߩ⺞ᢛޔߐࠄߦߪㆡಾߥᚲࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ ࡞(⚻༡⊛㗴)ࠍ߽ᜂߞߡࠆޕ࿁ߩ⺞ᩏ ⚿ᨐߪޔᧄ᧪ߩኾ㐷ᕈߣ⡯⒳㑆ㅪ៤ߦ߅ߌࠆℂ ᗐߣታߩᏅߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕᡷༀ╷ߣ ߒߡߪޔታߦහߒߚᢎ⢒ޔኾ㐷⡯ߣߒߡߩ⏕ ┙ޔ߅ࠃ߮ᄙ⡯⒳߆ࠄߩදജ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆޕ NSߪޔ߈߇߇ߥߎߣ߿り⊛⽶ᜂߣ ߞߚ㗄⋡ߩഀว߇㜞߆ߞߚޕߎߩ⢛᥊ߣߒ ߡޔ⥄ಽ߇ฃߌߚᢎ⢒߿࠻࠾ࡦࠣ߇ᤋߐ
ࠇߡߥߎߣ߿∛㒮ᣉ⸳ᬺോߩ㆑ߦࠃࠆ ᚭᖺ߿ਇᘠࠇޔᣉ⸳ߢߩ⼔⡯ߣߩᓎഀಽᜂ ߇⏕ߢߥߎߣߥߤ߇ߍࠄࠇࠆޕ ᩉᴛ ઁ(2005)ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ৻⥸∛㒮ൕോߩNS ߪߩ㊂⾰り⊛⽶ᜂ߇ᄙߊޔᐕઍ߇ ߇ࠆߦޔߩⵙ㊂(ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞) ᐲߪჇߔ߇⥄ಽߩ⍮⼂߿ᛛ⢻ࠍ⥃ᐥߢ߁ߎ ߣ߇ዋߥߊߥࠆ(ᛛ⢻ߩᷫዋ)ߣႎ๔ߐࠇߡ ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ߈߇ࠍᦨ߽ᗵߓߡࠆߩߪ40 ઍߣ߽ㅀߴߡࠆޕߎߩℂ↱ߪ৻⥸∛㒮ൕോߩ NSߪ⚻㛎ᐕᢙࠍ㊀ߨߡ40ઍߊࠄߦߥࠇ߫ⵙ ㊂ᐲ߇Ⴧ߃ޔࠆ⒟ᐲ⥄ಽߩࡍࠬߢ߇ߢ ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߚޔߦኻߔࠆࠬ࠻߽ࠬ ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ߆ࠄߢࠆߣ ᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ৻ᣇޔᣉ⸳ൕോߩNSߢߪ⚻㛎ᐕᢙ ࠍ㊀ߨߡ߽ⵙ㊂ᐲߪჇ߃ߡߥޕᣉ⸳ߢߪක Ꮷߩᜰ␜߇චಽߢߥߊޔක≮⍮⼂߿ᛛ⢻߇↢߆ ߒ߈ࠇߡߥߎߣ߿⥄ಽߩࡍࠬߢࠍ ߔࠆߎߣ߇࿎㔍ߥߎߣߥߤ߇ޔ߈߇߇ߥ ߣᗵߓࠆߩߢߪߥ߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ᡷༀ╷ߣߒߡޔޘߩᣉ⸳ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠾࠭ߦ ᔕߓߡޔකᏧߩᜰ␜ߩਅߢNSߩᬺോ▸࿐ࠍ ᄢߒޔⵙ㊂ᮭࠍ⏕ߔࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕߎ ߩߎߣߦࠃࠅޔNS⥄りߩᬺോߩ⽶ᜂࠍシᷫ ߔࠆߣߦޔNS߇႐ߢߩᬺോߩ⺞ᢛ⊛ߥᓎ ഀࠍᨐߚߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅޔ⚿ᨐߣߒߡNS߇ᣉ ⸳ߢߩᬺോߦ߈߇ࠍߛߖࠆߩߢߪߥ ߆ߣ⠨߃ࠆޕ ᣉ⸳ߦ߅ߌࠆCMߪޔり⊛⽶ᜂߪシߣᗵ ߓߡࠆะߢߞߚޕ CMߪޔㅪ៤ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢߩᢙᄙࡂ࠼࡞߿ ක≮ߣ߁㜞ኾ㐷ᕈࠍ߽ߟ⡯⒳߳ߩ᳇ᓟࠇޔ ᄙ⡯⒳߆ࠄCMߩᓎഀߩℂ⸃ᐲߩૐਅޔ㈩⟎ߪ ㅢᏱ1ฬߢࠆߚޔ⡯႐ߦ⋧⺣ߢ߈ࠆੱ߽ߥ ߊቅ┙ߒߚ⁁ᴫߩਛߢᬺോࠍㆀⴕߒߡࠆޕ SWߣߩᓎഀಽမ߽⏕ߢߪߥޕߘߩ߁߃ ↪⠪ኅᣖߦኻߔࠆኻᔕ⺑⧰ᖱಣℂߦࠃ ࠅ♖⊛⽶ᜂ߇㜞ߊ∋ᑷߒߡࠆ⁁ᘒߢࠆ ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ߘߩߎߣߦࠃࠅࠤࠕࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩ⾰߇ ࠊࠇߡࠆޕᡷༀ╷ߣߒߡߪޔᣉ⸳CMߩᓎഀ ߩ⏕ൻޔ⁛⥄ᕈ߿ኾ㐷ᕈߩ⏕┙ޔᣉ⸳CMߩ ߚߩㅪ⛊ળ߿ㇺᐭ⋵ߦ߅ߡߩ⎇ୃߩᔅ ⷐᕈޔⴕߣߩදജࠍలታߐߖࠆߎߣߦ ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ ᐕ㦂ߩᏅߦߟߡ 20ઍߪޔ30ઍએ㒠ߦᲧߴߡᔃℂ⊛ߥߩ ㊂ߩ⽶ᜂ߇㜞ߊޔߦኻߔࠆㆡᕈᐲߪૐ ะ߇ࠄࠇߚޕࠬ࠻ࠬᔕߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔᵴ ᳇ߩૐਅޔ∋ഭᗵޔਇᗵޔりᗜ⸷߇㜞 ะߦࠆߎߣ߇ࠄࠇߚޕ ⢛᥊ߣߒߡߪޔߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂߿ᛛ⢻ߩᧂ ᾫߐޔ⚻㛎ਇ⿷ߦࠃߞߡ⥄ା߇ߥߎߣ߇ࠬ࠻ ࠬᔕߣߒߡࠇߡࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ኻ╷ߣߒߡߪޔ⡯႐ౝᄖߢߩᢎ⢒ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ లታ߿ࡈࠜࡠࠕ࠶ࡊߩ⏕┙ࠍߔࠆᔅⷐ ࠍ⠨߃ࠆޕ ദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧࡕ࠺࡞ߦߟߡ ദ ജ / ႎ ㈽ ᓧ ὐ Ყ (0.6) ߢ ࠆ ஜ ᐽ ࠬ ࠢ 100%ࠍ߃ࠆಽ߇ޔᧄ࠷࡞ߢᝒ߃ࠄࠇࠆ⡯ ႐ߩࠬ࠻ࠬࠬࠢߢࠆޕో࿖⡯ᬺߩദജ 㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧᓧὐᲧᐔဋ୯ߢߪޔോຬߩ 0.4᳃㑆ડᬺߩ0.7ߥߤߣᲧセߒߚޕ㜞㦂⠪ ⼔ࠨࡆࠬᓥ⠪ߦ߅ߡߪޔᐔဋ୯1.1એ ߢߞߚޕઁᬺ⒳ߣᲧセߒߡߺࠆߣ⚂2એ ߢߞߚޕ⡯႐ߩദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧᓧὐᲧ߇ 0.6ߩ႐วޔஜᐽࠬࠢߪ100%ߢࠆߣߔࠇ ߫ޔ㜞㦂⠪⼔ࠨࡆࠬᓥ⠪ߪޔ⚂200%ߩ ஜᐽࠬࠢࠍ߽ߞߡࠆߎߣߦߥࠆޕ㜞㦂⠪ ⼔ࠨࡆࠬᓥ⠪ߩஜᐽࠬࠢߪޔઁᬺ⒳߆ࠄ Ყߴ⇣Ᏹߦ㜞߆ߞߚޕᓟޔ⡯႐ߩദജߣႎ㈽ ߩဋⴧߩⅣႺߠߊࠅࠍᣧᕆߦᡷༀߒߡߊᔅ ⷐ߇ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ એߩߎߣࠃࠅᓟߪޔ⼔⠧ੱᣉ⸳ߢߊ ⡯ຬߩࠬ࠻ࠬኻ╷ࠍ⠨߃ߡߊߦߚߞߡ ߪޔ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬⷐ࿃ߣ⡯⒳㑆ᕈᐕ㦂 ദജ㧙ႎ㈽ߩࠬ࠻ࠬ․ᕈࠍචಽᛠីߔࠆ
ᔅⷐ߇ࠆߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚޕ ⚿ ⺆ એߩߎߣ߆ࠄޔ⼔⠧ੱᣉ⸳ߦ߅ߌࠆ PTOTSTNSCWSWCMߦ߅ߡ ߪޔᔃℂ⊛ߥߩ⽶ᜂ(㊂)ޔᔃℂ⊛ߥߩ ⽶ᜂ(⾰)ޔ⥄ⷡ⊛ߥり⊛⽶ᜂᐲޔ⡯႐ߩኻੱ 㑐ଥߢߩࠬ࠻ࠬޔ⡯႐ⅣႺߦࠃࠆࠬ࠻ࠬߣ ߞߚ5ߟߩࠬ࠻ࠬ࿃ሶࠍᛴ߃ߡࠆߎߣ߇ ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚޕߐࠄߦޔࡌࠬࠗࡦ⺞ᩏߩ ߣᬺᡷༀ߿▤ℂ⡯߳ߩᢎ⢒⸠✵ߥߤߩ ࠍⴕޔߘߩലᨐ߿ലᕈߩᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁ ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߡߊᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ ㄭᐕߩ⼔⠧ੱᣉ⸳ߦ߅ߌࠆᔒᦸ⠪ߩᷫዋޔ 㔌⡯ߪᕆോߩ⺖㗴ߢࠅޔෂᯏ⊛ߥ⁁ᴫߦࠆ ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕੱߩ․ᕈࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚࠠࡖࠕ ࡊࡦࠍߪߓߣߔࠆ⚵❱ᣇ㊎߿⋧⺣ߩ ᢛ߇ޔഭ⠪ߩஜᐽߩߺߥࠄߕޔ⚵❱ߩ↢↥ ᕈߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆ㔌⡯߳ߩኻ╷ߦ߅ߡᦸ߹ࠇࠆޕ ᧄ⎇ⓥ߆ࠄᣧᕆߦࠬ࠻ࠬኻ╷ߩታᣉࠍឭ⸒ ߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ ⻢ ㄉ ᧄ⎇ⓥߪᐔᚑ21ᐕᐲߟߊ߫࿖㓙ᄢቇห⎇ ⓥߩഥᚑࠍฃߌߡⴕࠊࠇ߹ߒߚޕ ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⺞ᩏߦߏදജߚߛߚ⊝᭽ߦᔃ ࠃࠅᗵ⻢↳ߒߍ߹ߔޕ ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ ⨹⸥ବ৻㧘Ꮉᙗੱ (1993) ⡯႐ࠬ࠻ࠬߩஜ ᐽ▤ℂ(✚ⷩ)㧚↥ᬺකቇ 35:88-97. ⍹Ꮉ⾆⟤ሶ㧘ጊ↰⟤ሶ㧘ጟብሶ (1998) ⋴ ⼔ᇚߩ∋ഭߣ⡯ോḩ⿷ᐲߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆⷐ࿃ ߩᬌ⸛㧙ᣇㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆ✚ว∛㒮ߩታ ᘒ⺞ᩏ㧙㧚╙29࿁ᣣᧄ⋴⼔ቇળ(⋴⼔▤ ℂ) 16:161-163. ↰⒩ઍሶ (1998) 3ᦧࠍߒߡࠆ⋴⼔Ꮷߩ ࠗࡈࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߩ⁁ᴫߣᘟᕈ⊛∋ഭ߅ࠃ ߮QOLߣߩ㑐ㅪ㧚⋴⼔ዷᦸ 23:99-107. ਭ⌀ੱ㧘↰የ㓷ᄦ (1994) ⋴⼔ᇚߦ߅ߌࠆࡃ ࡦࠕ࠙࠻㧙ࠬ࠻ࠬߣࡃࡦࠕ࠙࠻ߣ ߩ㑐ଥ㧚ታ㛎␠ળᔃℂቇ⎇ⓥ 34:33-43. ዊᨋ┨㓶 (2001) ⡯႐ߩࠬ࠻ࠬࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ ࠻ ߩ ⠨ ߃ ᣇ 㧚 ↥ ᬺ ࠬ ࠻ ࠬ ⎇ ⓥ (Job Stress Res) 8:115-118. ෘ↢ഭ⋭ (2008) ᐔᚑ19ᐕഭ⠪ஜᐽ⁁ᴫ ⺞ᩏ㧚 ਅశノ৻㧘ᄢ㊁㧘ਛ⾫㧘ᮮጊੳ㧘ጤ↰㧘 ේ⼱㓉ผ㧘ฎᧁൎ㧘ਣ↰ᢅ㓷 (2000) ⡯ ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬ◲ᤃߩା㗬ᕈߩᬌ⸛ߣၮ Ḱ୯ߩ⸳ቯ㧚ഭ⋭ᐔᚑ11ᐕᐲᬺ㑐ㅪ∔ ᖚߩ੍㒐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㧘ഭߩ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ ࠬ࠻ࠬ߮ߘߩஜᐽᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ ႎ๔ᦠ㧘᧲੩㧚pp126-138. ਅశノ৻㧘ዊ↰ಾఝሶ (2004) ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬ ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏ㧚↥ᬺ♖ஜ 12:25-36. 㜞ᯅ⟤ጘሶ㧘⮮ᴛ✛ሶ㧘⮮ᴕ❱㧘⮮ᕀ (2002) ⼔ኾ㐷⡯ߩࠬ࠻ࠬߩ⁁ߣ⺖ 㗴㧙․㙃⼔⠧ੱࡎࡓ⼔⡯ߩࠬ࠻ ࠬⷐ࿃㛎㗫ᐲߩಽᨆ߆ࠄ㧚ᣣᧄ⿒චሼ⑺ ↰⍴ᦼᄢቇ♿ⷐ 6:61-68. 㜞ᴛᕺ⟤ሶ㧘ቬᕡᰴ㧘Ꮉ㊁㓷⾗ (1994) ⺞ ᩏߦߺࠆ⠧ੱஜᣉ⸳⼔⡯ຬߩ♖ஜ ᐽ㧚㊄ ᧲੩㧚pp155-163. ᱞౝብᙗ㧘↰ญ⼾㇚ (2003) ␠ળ႐⡯ຬ ߩ ࠬ ࠻ ࠬ ታ ᘒ 㧚 Ꮉ ፒ ක ≮ ቇ ળ 13:111-116. ႇ⚐ (1999) ദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧࡕ࠺࡞ℂ⺰ ߣታ⸽⎇ⓥ㧚ࠬ࠻ࠬ⑼ቇ 13:247-252. ႇ⚐ (2000) ദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧࡕ࠺࡞ߣᣣ ᧄߢߩㆡ↪㧚↥ᬺ♖ஜ 8(3):230-234. ᣣᧄഭ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ (1999) 㓹↪▤ℂᬺോᡰេ ߩߚߩዤᐲ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࠬ࠻ߩ㐿⊒㧙 HRM(Human resource management)࠴ ࠚ࠶ࠢࠬ࠻㧙㧚ᣣᧄഭ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ႎ๔ ᦠ㧘pp124.
ม (2000) ∔∛ભᬺ࠺࠲ߦၮߠߊ ߩࠬ࠻್ࠬቯ࿑ߩౣᬌ⸛㧚ഭ⋭ᐔᚑ 11ᐕᐲᬺ㑐ㅪ∔ᖚߩ੍㒐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㧘 ഭߩ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬ࠻ࠬ߮ߘߩஜᐽ ᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ㧘pp27-34. ᨋ㓉ม㧘ᴰ⼱ᒾ㧘✽ᷡᔒ㧘ᤊ⯥↵㧘Ỉ↰ ᒾ㧘᧖㊁৻ⴕ㧘ᬁฬᷡ㧘ਣ⟤㧘ޘ ᧁ⟤᮸㧘ችፒᵏ (2010) ⼔⠧ੱஜᣉ⸳ ߦ߅ߌࠆኾ㐷⡯ߩᓎഀ㧚ක≮ஜቇ⎇ⓥ 1:41-54. ਃᓼሶ㧘ᧄኡ⸠㧘⍫㊁㚅ઍ㧘ዊᴡቁೣ㧘㐳 የశၔ㧘❥᮸㧘▘ベ⋿Ẵ (2008) ᣉ⸳ߦ ߅ߌࠆ㜞㦂⠪ࠤࠕᓥ⠪ߩ⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ ࠬⷐ࿃ߣߘߩ․ᓽ㧚Ꮉፒක≮ቇળ 18:121-128. ᩉᴛ↱⟤㧘㊄ᴛ㕏ሶ㧘ਭᥓሶ㧘⼱↰⽴⽵ሶ (2005) ᐕઍ߆ࠄߺߚ⋴⼔Ꮷߩࠬ࠻ࠬ ߩ․ᓽ㧙⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬ◲ᤃ⺞ᩏࠍ↪ ߡ㧙㧚╙36࿁⋴⼔✚ว 36:46-48. Bartz C, Maloney JP (1986) Burnout among
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⾗ ᢱ
ޣᣣᧄ⺆ ദജ㧙ႎ㈽ਇဋⴧࡕ࠺࡞⡯ᬺᕈࠬ࠻ࠬ⺞ᩏޤ
Original article
Occupation stresses of health professions on geriatric facilities:
a comparison among rehabilitation staffs, nursing staffs,
care-givers and social workers
Takashi Hayashi
1, Satomi Kobayashi
1, Yasufumi Suzuki
1, Kouki Sone
1,
Kiyoshi Nawai
1, Kazuhiko Sawada
1, Kazunori Sato
1, Takashi Fukaya
1,
Chiyoko Seki
2, Midori Nagashima
2, Kiyoshi Ikeda
3, Yasushi Miyazaki
11Department of Physical Therapy, 2Department of Nursing, 3Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science,
Tsukuba International University Abstract
Objectives: Minorities of rehabilitation staffs, nursing staffs, care-givers and social workers working in geriatric facilities have to manage a lot of risks around their patients. They need to establish an interpersonal relationship with their patients for such risk managements. The present study aimed to clarify risk factors for the occupation stress, and differences in stress characteristics among various types of workers which had different service offers and/or working environments, ages and gender
Methods: The survey was conducted for rehabilitation staffs (PT OT and ST), nursing staffs, care-givers and social workers, which worked in the Elderly Walfare Facility, Elderly Care Nursing Facility or Geriatric Hospital in Ibaraki and Saitama prefectures by using
"Occupation Stress Simplicity Questionnaires and The Japanese version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaires”.
Results: Total 451 candidates including 101 rehabilitation staffs, 58 nursing staffs, 248 care-givers and 71 social workers were replied. These candidates worked at 82 of the different geriatric facilities in Ibaraki and Saitama prefectures. Either the work demands or work control were higher in these candidates when compared to the other workers. Among geriatric care staffs, a physical load was relatively higher in PT, OT, nursing staffs and care-givers while the work control was low in the care-givers. Furthermore, geriatric care staffs marked about twofold level of the average of Efforts-Rewards Imbalance Stress in other workers. Conclusion: The present results may warn the necessity of the immediate measurements of various types of stresses in geriatric care staffs. [Med Health Sci Res TIU 2: 43-63 / Accepted 24 December 2010]
