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A NOTION OF LIPSCHITZ MAPPINGS IN RANKED SPACES WITH AN APPLICATION TO THE ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

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訊πJoumal of Math㎝atics (Formerly TRU Math∈matics) Volu皿e 25, N㎞i)er 1 〔1989), 57−78

       A NOTION OF LIPSCHITZ MAPPINGS

IN RANKED SPACES WITH AN APPLICATION TO

  THE oRDINARY・DIFFERENTIAL EQuATIoNs

YOSHIKO TAGUCHI

〔Received Apri1 3,1989;Revised June 12,1989) Abstract. Our ma』n purposes of this paper are to define ranked vec− t。τspace valued Lipschitz ’高≠垂oings∫(ちx), f・r each t in a c1。sed in− terva1∫⊆R, and to show the existence theorem of the first order O.D.E.:dxldt=∫(t,x)with the iniCial condition x(α)、=6by a certain 侃xed point theorem treated by the method of ranked spaces. Up to rece皿t・Lipschitz mapPings are defined only for metτizable vector space valued mappings. 1980Mα‘施emαま‘c53思6jed classificat‘oπ(1985 Rω‘8‘oπ). Primary 34G20 Keyωords. Lipschitz map, ranked 8pace, ODE

§0.Introduction.

  The ranked vector spaces are vadously studied(19】,13】,[61,[8]fbr ex− ample). In this paper we use this word in the sense that a ranked vector space satisfies fbur conditions, two of which assure the continu− ity of the addition and the scalar multiplication slightly di丑brent知m the conditions in【9]on the continuity of these operations and the other two of which aエe conditions on absoltite collvexity of preneighborhoods, stronger than the corresponding condition in l到, and absorbability of the space itself in a certain sense(固). The continUity is’one de丘ned by the method of ranked spaces(14】fbr example).’   On the other hand a fixed point theorem of Tychonov type has been shown by the method of ranked spaces(12D. We shgw that of Banach contraction type in this papeL If a mapping is an R−contraction, as defined below on the ranked vector.space with separatedlless and com− pleteness in. a sense of ranked spaces, it has only one丘xed point. Proving this, the starting point of.the successive mappings of the R:contraction is never rest亘cted in any domain. We considCr a family E∼of R−uniformly     .      ロ contlnuous mapplngs on an closed intervaJ∫⊆Rinto a ranked vector space E, and l its subfamily B(α, b,1), for whose element g, we suppose

9(α)=b and 9(t)−bis R−u品㎜ly bo皿ded on 1. E∼becomes a

ranked vector space. R−completeness a皿d R−sepamtedness of E∼and B(α,b,1)come from those properties of E. 57

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58 LIPSCHITZ MAPPINGS IN RANKED SPACES   Next, we・make defini.tions of integrations and differentiations of map− pings in’ E∼,:i.eらR−u㎡fbrmly conti皿ous E−valued functions on a.closed interva1 1⊂・R, adding the丘fth・condition on E, whi(;h’ is slightly modi一 丘ed from the corresponding condition in[3]. There are severaJ works on these l)y the method of ranked spaces([3】,[6】,etc.).   At last, de丘ning R−Lipschitz mappings∫:D⊂R.×E→Ewith R− uniform continuity and its Riema皿type integral over【α,t]⊂∫, we show the unique existence of the integral u皿der the fifth condition on E. Then we may de丘ne derivatives of mappings g:1’→E, aCcordingly f(ちg(t)): ∫→Eand show th6 relation between integrations and differentiations in七he realm of rallked spaces. That is, a n ordinary differential equation dx/dt=∫(ちx)is meaningful in our method of ranked.spaces. Fbr七he initial condition x(α)=b, we translate the above ordinary’different輌al ・q・・ti・n i・t・th・i・t・g・a1・q・・ti・n・fth・f・・m・x(t)−b+f;f(ちx(t))dt. P・tti・g A・B(α,b,1)→B(・, b,∫);Ap(t)−b+£f(ちP(オ))耽w・・h・W Ais an R−contiraction on B(α, b,.τ)and、4 has unique fixed point in B(α,b,∫)by applying the fixed point「theorem mentioned aboマe.   Terminologies are referred to[4]fundamentally and mainly to[31 especially fbr R notions. There are sligh七modifications of fundamen一 七al de丘nitions in the sequel for necessity. We prepare aboUt ranked spaces『in§1 and show a 6xed poillt theorem in§2. Ih§3, we define the ranked.vector spa£e E∼a皿d itsゴsubset B(α, b,∫)and in§4, inte− grations and differentiations are’ de丘ned. We discuss about Lipschitz

mapPings f:1)⊂’R×E→Ein§5 and at last the existence theorem

of O.D.E.;dx/dt・=∫(オ,りwith・x(α)=bin§6.  .『 ・       . §1.Ranked vector space E・.   Alipear space..臥over the real field R is ca皿ed a ranked space.if it 三sassogiated wi七h a fa㎡1y V of Subsets V−⊂Ea皿d a sequence{「レn} (n=0,1,2,...)of sUbfa頑lies of V satisf ing七he fbllowing conditions (A)an(1(a):   (A)F()revery V∈ツ,0∈V;   (a)’For every V∈Vand every nonnegative integerη, there are some       integer m andσ∈Vm such that m>ηandσ⊂V.

EaCh V∈γis called a preneighborhood(of七he o亘gin O「∈E)1a皿d

σ’クVn  (n=0,1,2∴_)is called’a preneighboThoOd(of.the origin O) ・f tank nl’ Th・・P・・6 E it・elf i・q・firi・d・・ap・en・ighb・・h・・d(・f th・ origin O∈E)of rank O..rn the sequel we suppose

 拓

・・

t⋮

 ‥

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Y.’sAGUCHI 59 without any impropriety for our following discussions.   Asequence{Vk}. (le=1,2,...)in V, denoted also by v, is ca皿ed a fundamental sequence(f・s・fbr short)(of center O∈E)if the fb皿owing conditions are satisfied:   (1) {Vk}is nonincreasing,、   (2)Vk∈Vn㈹  (k=1,2,_), where{n(k)}is nondecreasing and       tends to in丘nity as k does so.       ・   A ranked space E with an『associated familyγis called aエanked vector space迂the fbnowing(1)一(IV)are satisfied: (1) (II) (III) R)rany£s.{Uk}and{Vk}, there is another fs.{Wk}such that σ★十「レk⊂Wk fbr each k, Fbr any£s.{「Vk}andλ>0, there are a no亘decre…輻sing se《1ue亘ce {m(k)}tpnding to in丘nity and a皿integer ko≧1satisfyingλVk⊂ Vm(k) fbr k≧ ko,. Anyγ∈γis absolutely convex, i.e., fbr’ノ,μ∈‘q,1λ1十、1μ1≦1,

λv+μv⊂v,

(IV)R)r any¢∈五)).’there is a fs・{Vk}such that x∈E({Vk}),       whereE({Vk})={¢∈Elfbr each k, there is aλ鳶>Osuch that       x∈λkVk}. LEMMA 1([3D. Let{Vk}be a£s.    (i)F・r anyλ>O・and.k,オhere js・・rne・k’su〈h that AVk⊃Vk’. (ii)斑・a・昧孟here」・S・㎜・k’・U・励・堪’.+Vk’⊂Vk,   The above condition(II)and(III)impliy these(i)and(ii).  . . Re marks.(1)and(II)aエe almost equivalehtly rew亘tten by using the notion】of the relatiol1}({4D as pointed、 by M.Washihaエa.(1)and(II) imply conditions in l6】丘)r continuity of the addition and the scalaエ multiplication in E in homogeneous cases. The conditions(1)一(IV)fbr a ranked vecfor sPQce diffヒr from those in.’ [3] gnly by convexity in(III).   in the sequel, we suppose a ranked space’E』is a ranked vector space. Ad(五tionally, the ranked Vector space E is supposed to be R−sepaエa缶ed and R−complete in the fbllowing sellse:   E is said t.o .be’ R−sepa rqted if for every f.s. v={Vk},∩vr∩㌫1.Vk= {0}、(the set C6ntaining only one point O∈E). A sequence{xn}in E is said to be R−Cauchy(w.r.to{Vk})if・there is some f.s.{Vk}satisfying that, for each k, there’is a皿ipteger nk such that m,η;.m,η≧nk imply xm−xn∈Vk., A sequence{xn}in E is said to be R−convergent(to ¢∈E)(w.r.to{Vk})if there is some.fs↓{Vk}satisfying.that, fbr each ゐ,there is a皿integelr’nk such thatれ≧nk ’implies xn−x∈1Vk. Then,

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60 LIPSCHITZ MAPPINGS IN RANKED SPACES we ca11 x∈Ean R−limit of{xn}and denote as¢=R 一. lim x n({Vk}). E is said to be R−complete if every R.Cauchy sequence{xn}w.r.to{Vk} iS R−COnvergent w;r.tO{Vk}. LEMMA 2([3]). Let E be an R.separate(l fanked vector space and{xn} be・an・R−C・nVerge皿t SeqUenCe in E(W.r. t・伍}).   (i)R−lim’t・f{X。}」・頑qU・ly d・t・min・d,   (ii)Any SUbseqUenCe Of{Xn}iS also R−cOnvergent to the R−1i皿’‡of       {Xn}w.r. t・{Vk}. Remarks. The R−separatedness in the above is an equivalent notion to r−separatedness in a ranked space E when E is a linear space and each preneighborhood of each point x ∈ E is a translation by x of a correSponding preneifhborhood of the origin O∈E. Consequently, the rank of the translated preneighborhood is that of the original one(【6D. The hotion of R−Cauchy sequence{xn}is slightly different to one of r− cauchy sequence(14D. The notion of R−convergence is equivalent to one of r−convergence when E is as mentioned above.   R−completeness is slightly different to r−completeness. The notion of R−completeness is point ’sequential one(【6D.

§2.R−contraction・A:E→Eand a fixed point theorem.

  Let」E)be a ranked vector space associated to a family V=Uee=oVn delloted in§1, that is, E is a lirtear space over R satisfying(A),(a),(1)一 (rV), R−sepaτatedness and R−completeness. And Iet A be a mapping on 王)into itself. DEFINITIoN 1. A:E→Ejs called an R−contraction if, fbr every fs. {Vk}, there is some rCk; 0<κ嵩<1 (k=1,2,_)satisfying that,五)r anyβ鳶1>0, x−y∈fik Vk imp五es/lx一ノly∈κk/3k Vk (瓦二1,2,… )・

THEoREM(Fixed Point Theorem). Let E be a ranked vector space

w・’狽?@R−sel)砲εed皿ess and R二c・mplet・孕ess・Lρt A;E→Ebe an R− con右rac舌ion. Then, there eXists one a皿d 6nly one fixed po血t of A. PRooF(Existepce):丁己ke a皿y x∈E. Since/lx−x∈E, there is a£s. {Vk}suCh that Ax−x∈E({Vk})(IV). From the definition of E({Vk}), it fbllows that ヨβ,>0;Ax−x∈βk Vk (le=1,2,._).

Putting Anx=xn (n=1,2,_)and x=xo,and applying the R一

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Y.TAGUCHI

contraction.4 successively, we have, fbrκA;0<κ★〈1,       x1−Xo∈βkVk,       X2−X1∈4k6k Vk,       …   .・◆.●■●●●        ・1+・−Xl∈・1fi,V, (∼=1,2,...). E)rintegers m,η;m>n, we have       ¢m−¢。=(Xm−¢m−・)+_+(x。+、−Xn)       ∈(κ『−1+_+κ2)βk Vk       (III)       ⊂β・・Z、三譜  (III) then,       ヨ・…≧・k⇒β・・z、i。k≦・・ consequently, for nk,

       m>n≧nk⇒Xm−Xn∈Vk       (III).

This shows{xn}is an R−Cauchy sequence w.r.to the£s.{Vk}. The R− completeness of E implies the R−convergence of{xn}w.r.to this f.s. {Vk}. That is, there is a皿x。。∈E’such that       ∀k,ヨnk;n≧nk⇒Xn−x◎o∈Vk. Since A is an R−contraction wi七hκた (k=1,2,_), we have, for n≧nk,

       A・n−A…∈・kVk⊆v    .(III)

tha七is, for each k,       n≧nk⇒Xn十1−AXoo∈「Vk. Since there is a£s. {VVk}such that Vk十Vk ⊂ Wk for each k(1), it

f・11・ws, f・r n≧nk,       馳

Ax。・−x。・=(Ax。・−Xn+・)+(・n+・−x∞)∈Wk(k=1,2,_), that is, Ax。。』−x。。∈Wk (k=1,2,...). Since E is R−separated, we

have

              ∩VVk−{o}・       k:=1 61

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62 1、IPSCHITZ MAPPINGS IN RANKED SPACES Then, Ax。。=x。。. This shows x。。 is a fixed point of/1.   (Uniqueness)Let y∈Ebe a皿other fixed point of.A. By(IV),七here is a f.s.{Uk}such七hat xoo−y∈E({Uk}), i.e., ヨ7夫>0;Xoo−y∈ork Uk (k=1,2,...). Since A is an R−con七raction, there areλk;0〈λk<1   such tha七 x◎◎−y∈7k Uik⇒Ax◎o一ノly∈λk7k Uk (k=1,2,… )・

Remembering x。。=Ax。。 and y=Ay,we have

Xoo−

凵クλkOtkUk

(陥=1,2,...). Repea七ing this process n七imes, we have Xoo−y∈λ・z・ykUk (k=1,2,_.). 頚)rsu伍ciently laエgeη; λ鴛・Tk≦1, we have by(III)

x。。−y∈Uk

(k=1,2,...). The R−separatedness of E implies∩2p=, Uk=0, consequen七1y,x。。=y.■ §3Ranked vector space E∼. and its subset B(α, b,1)・   1、et E be a ranked vector space as in the preceding§2. Let∫be a closed interval in R and C(∫, E)be the to七a五ty of R一皿iformly con七inuous mappings g on∫into E defined as fbllows: DEFNITIoN 1.9:∫→E is said to be R−uniformly conti皿uous on 1 (R−u.・.・n∫fb・・h・・りif舌here iS・・me£・.{Vk}Sati・fyin9 thaちf()r eaCh 瓦,there is a 6k>O・such that ちτ’∈∫, lt−t,1≦δk⇒9(t)一ψ(t’)∈Vlk. Remarks. Any constant mapping on∫is R−u.’c. on∫. The R−uniform continUity is almost equivalen七ly defined.as follows ([6],13D:   (p:1→E is said to be R−u.c. on∫if, fbr any sequence{δk}of posi七ive numbers decreasing七〇〇, there exists some£s。{Vk}satisfying tha七, fbr each k,        ちt’∈∫, lt−t’1≦δk⇒《P(t)一(P(t’)∈Vk.

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Y.TAGUCHI

 Then we define fatniliesγ∼and V㌃.(n=0,1,2,・...):R)r each

V∈γ,let

V∼={9∈e(1,E)19(t)∈V f・r anyt∈∫},

v∼={γ∼l v∈』y},

V㌃={V∼lV∈Vn} (n・・O,1,2,_),

and丘om the hypothesis V=Uge−oVn,we have   ・   一

       ’v−・=.U二。v㌃・ Denote C(1, E)associated with the above family V∼as EN fbr short. Operations in E∼are de丘ned aS usual way:R)r any{ρ,ψ∈E∼and α∈R,       『   (i)(9+ψ)(t)=9(t)+ψ(t),   (ii)(αψ)(り=α{9(り}.  .、 ・ 、一 ’・  ・。・ ・  Fbr anyγ∈ツandμ∈R, it is reasonable to define that  (iii)  (μεノ)∼ =: μ「V∼., PRoPOSITIoN 1. For anyび, V∈V,

u⊂v ⇔ u∼⊂v∼.

PRoPslTIoN 2. E∼is a五早ear space and a ranked sl)ace. These訂e evident丘om the conditiOns(1),§1.Lemma・1(i), Prorosition

land definitions・ We sayγ∼∈y∼apreneighborhood of the origin

O∈・E「V.andγ^∠∈V㌃.apreneighborhood of the origin O∈E∼of.rank η(η=0,1,2,一・)・By definition, E∼itself is a preneighborhood of the origin of rank O.    . 『    1  ・       、 PR°P°slTI°N 3・lf {Vk}i・af&i・E・姐・n、{㍗}i・al・・af・・.in・E∼・   This fbnows丘om de五nitions and Proposition 1. Now, we know that {㍗}t・b・af・. in・E∼if{Vk}i・af・.−in・E. PRopQslTIoN 4. E∼輌s a ranked vector sl)ac巳 PRooF:It is enough to show伍e Conditions(1)L(IV)aエe satisfied. (1)R)rany fs.{σξ}a皿d{レk”v},{σ兎}and{Vk}are f.s. in E f士om the de丘nition. By 1.(1), there is some£s.{Wk}in E such that..

σた+Vk⊂恥五)r each克.

63

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64 LIPSCHITZ MAPPINGS IN・RANKED SPACES For ead1兎, a皿y(ρ∈στandψ∈’V,’”v imply       9(£)∈σ斥 and ψ(オ)∈Vk fbr every 毒∈∫・ Then, 9(り+ψ(t)∈VIZk’for every£∈.∫ (ゐ=1元2・…)・that is・        9+ψ∈咋 by(i) (&=1,2,...). This shows U,r十咋》⊂町fbr, a£s..{㎎】}in E∼(PrOposition.3). (II)R)r any f.s.{Vi》}ブ{Vk}is a f.s. in E. Letλbd a皿Y positive number. By§1.(II), there aエe nondecreasing sequence{m(ゐ)}tending to in丑nity

and an三nteger克o≧1satis]シingλ隆⊂Vm㈹fbr克≧ゐo.By Proposition

land(iii), it fbllows       λ「レ1》⊂V.’v,(夫)  fbr ゐ≧たo・ Conclusion fbUows. (III)Absolute convexity of E∼is similaエly showh as the above proofs by§1.(III). (rV)Wεwm show that, for a nY g∈E∼, there is some fs.{W}in E∼ such that《ρ∈E({VkN}). Since g is R−u.c. on∫, there is a f,S.{1な}in EsatiSiying that, fOr each夫, there is aδ斥>Osuch that       ち老’∈1, 1老一♂’1≦δ★⇒《ρ(t)−9(t’)∈「Vk. .Th・亘・・ak・⊇・・g・…西・ea・hゐ・u血・h・・        111・upち,’∈∫1老一t’1

      兀= δ、 〈η゜斥・  ・

and conseqUently we have, for any君∈・1 anq some a∈1 arbitTa rily fixed,        9(t) 一一 9(α)∈nOkVk (ゐ=i,2,...). By§1.(IV), there is a£s.{σた}.fbr《ρ(α)∈.E such that   ・        9(α)∈E({σ夫}), that is, fbr eadhた, there is a∼1k>0・satisfying       9(α)∈λゐσ夫. It fbUows, fbr∂叫y t∈∫,        9(t)∈λたσ★+η。kVk(鳶=1,2,._).

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Y.TAGU(HI Le七μ&=max(λk,nok)and by 1.(III), we have          λkUk十nOk「Vk⊂μた(Uk十Vk) (k=1,2,...). By§1.(1), there is a£s.{Wk}such tha七Uk+Vk⊂VVk f()r each k. Then, fbr each k andμた>0, we have        ¥)(り∈PS k Wk fbr any  t∈∫, tha七is, by(iii),       9∈μkW,N (k=1,2,_.).

This shows

       9∈E({w,)}). ■ DEFINITIoN 2・9:∫→E is said to be R−uniform!y bounded on 1(R− uゐ・・nl・f…h・・りif th・・e i…me£S・{喝・atiSfying thaちf・r・ea・h k, 舌here is an Mk>Osuch‘ha‘        9(t)∈Mk Vk f()r any 舌∈∫, that is, fr()1ユユ (iii),       9∈ハ4k「VkN (k=1,2,...). LEMMA. Any R−u.c.9・n lis R−uゐ.・nエ PRooF:The above property(IV)implies, fbr some£s.{Vk’一},        ¥)∈王)({「履v}). That is, fbr each k, there is some.Mk>Osuch七ha七       9∈M夫㌃・ This is七he R一皿玉fbrm boundedness of g on 1.■ PRoPoslTIoN 5.1f E js R−separa舌ed, then E∼is also R−separated. P・・…L・t{㌃}b・a£・.i・E∼and・9∈∩㌫、 VA・.F・・m hyp・th・・i・, it fbllows               9(t)∈∩偏一〇f・・any t∈1,       k=1 七hat is,(ρ≡0.■ 65

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66 LIPSCHITZ MAPPINGS IN RANKED SPA(路 PRoPoslTloN 6. ff E is R」cαmple舌e,舌力en」酵∼∫s also R−complete・ PRooF:Let{9n}.be a耳 R−CaUChy sequence in E∼. There is some fs. {玲}・ati・fying that, fb・ea・泊, th・・e i・an n:・ti・血that “        m,星≧π乞⇒.9nゴー9)t∈「Vkr. That is, fbr each先, m,’;w膓,∼≧η:hnply        ‘『 (*)      9m(t)一{ρ∼(り∈Vk fbr any t∈∫, then, for any t∈∫, {φπ(t)}is R−Cauchy w.r.to the£s.{Vk}. From the hypothesis, fbr eachオ∈∫, there is only one goo(り∈Esatisfying tha土,.fbr someη2(t),

(**)・  m≧n9(t)⇒9m(り一φ三(t)∈Vk(k=1,2,…)・

Thus, there is ulliquely de6ned.the mapping g。。:∫→E. g(幻is an R−Hmit of the sequence{9h}w.r.tO the f.s.{W}, that is, g。。∈E∼. ln fact, taking n and m such thatη≧n‘, m≧ma x(n乞,n2(t))fbr each オ∈1・ and先,. we have by(*).a血d(**)     ψ。(t)−9。。(t)=ψ。(り二伽(t)+ψm(t)−9。。(t)∈’Vk+Vk・ By§1.Lemma 1(ii), this implies that for each k, there is an nk satisfying (***)      n≧n斥⇒9n(り一90◎て¢)∈Vk・for a皿y t∈∫, that is,       n≧η夫⇒《ρn−《ρ∞∈VA》 (克=1,2,・・.・)・ If we know g。。∈E∼, this mea皿s that the R−Cauchy sequence{gn}in E∼W.r.tO the fS.{W}‘iSr『R−COnVergelit tO.《ρ。。∈E∼W.r.tO the Same £s.{Vk’.}. So, since R−Cauchy sequ餌Ces{(ρπ}aエe arbitrarily chosen, the R−completepess of E∼is concluded. A’Ctually, take a皿mber. no’?獅求DSince協。∈.E∼, that is,ψπl is. R−u.c. ol11, there is some£s. {Uk}satisfying that, fbr each k, there is aδた>Osuch that,         ち¢’∈∫,1£−t’1≦δた⇒9。。(t)−9。。(均∈σk. If t,£’∈∫, 1£−t’1≦δ瓦,we have from the above・property and(***)        ψ。。(t)−9。。(の=sr)。。(t)一.9・。(£)+9n。(t)−9n。(の       十《ρπo(t’)一¥)∞(オ’)∈Vk十σ斥十Vk  (ゐ=::1,2,… )・ By§1.(1), there is somσf.s.{Wk}such that  …  』・ 1   ・ ・       ∵ .」偏+Uk+.Vk⊂晦・(ゐ=『・1,2,∴.).  .. Then,¥)。。 is R−u.c. on∫, that is, g。。∈E∼.■  ・  /   Now, we defヨ皿e a subset B(α,6,∫)of E∼fbrα∈∫and b∈E:       B(α, b, 1)一{q∈E∼1φ(・)=6}・ Since a constant mapPingψ(t)=b on∫is ih E∼,P−b is also in E∼ where《ρ∈E∼(Proposition 2), coIlsequently, R−u.b. on J(Le㎜a);

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t

Y.TAGUCHI

67 PRoPOslTloN 7.1τ舌he space E is R−separa‡ed and R−complete,舌hen

any R−Cau吻sequ・nce」刀B(a,b,り6頑・a£&{Vi∼}for examp1・)

」8R−COnvergent U皿’曹浮?撃刮EO some mapPing jn B(a, b,1)w.r. to the Same £s・{VA∼}. PRooF:(i)The uniqueness of七he R−convergence of R−Cauchy sequences is guaranteed by Propos輌tion 5 and§1.工・emma 2(i).   (ii)Let{gn}be an R−Cauchy sequence in B(α, b,1)w.r.to so皿e f.s. {Vk’一}. Since E is R−complete, E∼is also R−complete(Proposition 6). Then, there is a mapping g。。∈E∼which is an R−limit of{gn}w.r.to 七he£s.{VA∼}. From the definition, for each k, there is some nk such

that

n≧nk=>9n(t)−900(t)∈Vk fbr any t∈1.

1 Taking t=α, it follows, for each k,

n≧nk⇒9n(α)−90◎(α)∈Vk.

Since go(α)ニb (n=1,2,_), b−g。。(a)∈∩:9=1Vk.  The R− separatedness of E implies∩29=1Vk={0}, that is,ψ。。(α)=b. Remem− bering 9。。∈E∼, we have lρ。。∈B(α, b,1).■

§4・Integration and differentiation of・E−valued mapPings g on

∫. In the seque1, we suppose an additional conditiol1(V)on E: (V)If any sequence{xn}in.E R−convergent七〇some元。。 is contained    in a set E({Vk})for some £s.{Vk}in E,七hen the seqUence{エn}    is R−convergent to x◎。 w.r.to the f.s.{Vk}. LEMMA・血(V),  x。。∈E({Vk}). Remark. The condition(V)is slightly stronger.than(A2)in[3]. Example・Z)is a Union of convex me七ric vector spaces. Consequently, the space 1)satisfies conditions(1)一(y)as a typical example of non− metrizable ranked vector space usually treated as in− m3].   Let I=[α一r,α十r]f()r the sake of convenience in the following: THEoREM 1. Le古Ebe a ranke(f vecto「sPace w1’孟h con(蹴jon8(1)一(V), R−Sepa・a舌・dneS・and R−c・mple舌・neS・. Le‘9・∫=[α一r,α+・1→Ebe amaPP∫刀g R−u.C. on工’Then,   (i)gi・R−uゐ・・n,1, th・舌i・,古here i・a£・.{Vk}」刀E・and・Mk>O      such‘ha舌 ∀t∈1,9(t)∈Mk Vk (kニ1,2,。..);

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, 68 LIPSCHITZ MAPPINGS IN RANK日D SPA(ES (ii)丑》r each t∈∫, there exis舌s un1’quely the Ri’emann血tegral of g

  加m・£・舌d…t・d品£9(り』nd£9(t)旋E({Vk}),吐…

   t力・f&{殉i・・頑nω,and, fo・any k and any・斥>0・ f。‘9(t)d・・E・(lt−・IM・・+・・k)v・・ PRdoF:(i)E∼Where∫={α一r,α十. r]satisfieS the copdition(IV) (§3.Proposition 4), whidh is about the R−uniform boundedness Qf map− pings in E∼(§3. Lemma)・ (ii)Let△=(△〃,t〃),1≦〃≦nl)e a division of fhe closed interva1{α・t] (・r[¢,q]),wh・r・   、

α=r。<r、<…〈・。=ちt“∈△“=1ア“一、,司;1≦〃≦n,

      δ(△)=ma」C・≦“≦。1△“1; 1△“1ニ1τ〃一・〃一・1 皿d5(9,△)=Σ:.、9(t。)1△“1.L・t△(1),△(2),…,△(n),…b・a・e− quence of d三vis三〇ns such that       δ(△(1))〉δ(△(2))〉…〉δ(△(n))〉…→0・ Since g:∫→’Eis’R−u.c., there is a£s.{Uk}satisfying that there is a

numberδk>Osuch that.

(*) 毒’,¢”∈∫, 1毒’一£”1〈δ斥⇒9(老’)−9(毒”)∈U鳶 (た=1,2,… )・ Then, thεre aエe mk satisfying that i,」;        δk        2 Cons6quently, we have from(*)that i,」≧Mk imply max(δ(△(‘)),δ(△(」))<一(k=1,2,_). 5(9,△ω)5(9,△(」))         Σ:二、9(¢9))1△S’)1一Σ1二、9(tff))1△y)1         Σ1二、9(t(り 〃)(・5の一・b(tl)・)一Σ:tr、9(t$j))(・∼」L・昆・)        ⊂lt一α1σ夫 (ゐ=1,2,_) considering the union of△ωand△(」), and a corresponding sequence {tv.}.We may take a X’fbr eadi k such that lt一α1び★’⊂.σ★ (§1.Le㎜a 1(i)). Th・t i・,飴・ea・圭いぱ・先’品・b・vρ皿dδ先’in(*)・ numberπ1(k)=・m夫, such that

We may take a

i,」≧m(k)=〉・s(9,△(’))−s(9,△(」))・∈σk.

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Y.TAGUCHI

This mea ns S(g,△(り)is an R−Cauchy sequence, then it. is R−convergent to some element in E denoted.by S(g)since E is R−complete. On the other hand,(i)implies, for each i,

   (**)    s(9,△ω)∈lt−・IM、 Vk(k−1,2,_),

that is,       {s(9,△(i))}⊂E({Vk}). Then, the condition(V)implies that the sequence{S(g,△ω)}is R− convergen七to S(9)w・r・to the f.s.{Vk}and S(9)∈E({Vk})by Lemma. Especially, since, for some mt(k),         i≧m’㈹⇒S(9,△ω)−S(9)∈Vk(k=1,2,_), and for each k and ek>0, there is a number k’such tha七

      (***)    咋’⊂ek Vk(§1.Le輌1(i)),

we take this k’and i=mt(k’)so tha七 that is      , s(9,△ω)−s(9)∈Vk’. s(9)∈s(9,△ω)+Vk・. Then, we have』m(**)and(***)    5(9)∈1老一al Mk Vk+・kVk⊂(1£一・IM夫+・★)Vk(ゐ=1,2,_). Th・ab…i・t・g・al∫lg(t)∂¢i・.皿iq・・1y d・fi・・d・…th・R−1imit・f th・ ・eq・・nce{s(9,△(i))}f・・a血・d・s・q・・n・e.・f di・i・i・n{△ω}becau・e・f the R−separatedness of E. N・xt,1・t{△{’,}and{△1‘)}b・七w・・eq・・nce・。f di。i,i。。, and・e。nd ηb・tw・R一五mit・・f{s(9,△{‘))}皿d{S(9,△1り)}・e・pecti・・ly. L。t {△(り}={△1’) U△1り}and{5(9,△ω)}i・R−。。nverg。。t t。,。m。ζ∈E. Ifξ=ζ, thenηニζis show・1 similarly andξ=ηfollows. That is, ∫lg(t)硫・皿iq・・ly d・査・・d・・もd・p・nd三・g・n the ch・i・e。f,eq。。nce、。f di・i・i・n・・ln fa・t・there is s・m・f’・・{周・ati・輌g th・t, f…s・m・m(k),       ξ一s(9,△e(k))∈Vk,       ζ一s(9,△m㈹∈Vk

and

Then,

that

   s(9,△㌘㈹)−s(9,△m㈹)∈Vk(k−1,2,_). ξ一ζ∈3Vk (k=1,2,…), which impl輌es from§1.Lemma 1(i)

and consequently

      ξ一ζ・∩ll−1 ξ一くニOin E since E is R−separated.■ ’ 69

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70 1.IPSCHITZ MAPPINGS IN RANKED SPA(]ES

THEOREM 2.

︵i︶ (ii) (iii)       Le舌9,ん∈」D∼andα∈R. ∬(9十九)(オ)虚 :g(t)dt十f;h(t)dt, f;(α9)(舌)dt=・£9(t)dt,一 £’9(t)脳f,f 9(t)dt−fg(t)dt.・E・p・・i㎡1ぱ9(t)∂£−0, PRooF:(i)and(ii)aエe evident. Ii fac七,. it is enough to consi(享er a sequence{△ω}of divisions(f the interva1[α,司(or[t,αD and equalities Σ1二、(9+九)θ1△9)1一Σ1二、9(t〃)1△£”)1+Σ1二、ん(t〃)1△S’)1・ {Σ:,〈a,)(tv)1△s,)1−。rZ:;i,(tの1△s,)L As i increases to・ inf桓itY, each七erm in the above is R−convergen七to 魔(9十h)(t)dち∬9(t)∂ち.£み(£)dち.f(・9)(t)dt・and・£gl(鋤i・ E「esPectively」Since E輌s a vector space in the sense that the addition. and the scalar multiplica七i6n are R−continuous, the conclusions fbllow. (iii)Consider a sequence{△(i)}of divisions of the interva1[α,老](or{t,αD, each division of which has the division pbint t’. Divide each△(りinto two par七s, one of which is the division of the interva1[α, t’]denoted by △1‘)・nd血・・th・・i・th。t・f.問d…t・d.・by△1‘)(・・間and[t’,・l respectively). Then we have. Σ1:、9(t。)1△S’)1+Σ’:n,+、9両1△1‘)1一Σ        ● ni 〃ニ1 9(tv)1△(i)1 f。。ea。h i. A・‘increa・e・t・i・fi・ity, ’ oδ(△(・))},・・n・eq・・ntly{δ(△1’,)} ・nd{δ(△1’)’)}.・alfl・,・dec・eas・・….FT・in・Th…em・, r・・h・・㎜i・・h・ above is R−cohvlergent to ∬9(・)∂ち∬・(・)dt

and

1。‘・(t)dt respectively as i increases to infinity. left−hand side is R−convergent to Since E is a vector space, the £・(t)場∬・(t)d・・ Then the conclusion fbllows.■

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Y.TAGUCHI

THEoREM 3. Under hypothes輌s of the preceding Theorem 1,

F(t)一£9鋼 i・R−u.・.㎝ 1−{・一・,・+・].

PRooF:From the R−unifbrm boundedness of g(Theorem 1), Theorem

2above and the definition of the integra1(Theorem 1), there is some£s. {「レ偏}satisfying that fbr any t,t’∈∫, F(t)−F(t’)−f。‘9(t)dt−f.1’ 9(t)dt−∬9(t)dt       ∈21t−t’IM, V,  (ゐ=1,2,t..). Let a sequence of posi七ive numbers{δk}satisfies that        1       δk<2M、,δk>δk+・(k=1,2,…)・ Then,t,t’∈1;lt−t’1<δk imply F(t)−F(tt)∈lt 一 t’IMk Vk⊂Vk(k==1,2,_), since each Vk is absolutely convex(§1.(III)).■   Next, we consider derivatives of mappings in E∼. DEFINITIoN・9∈E∼is R−df丑’erentiable a古to∈∫ff, fbr any sequence {hi}・f・real…ber・鋤血9古・0,‘h・・eq・㎝ce{9(t°+九元i−9(t°)}∫・R− ・・…rg・nt・i・E・lt・R麺’右㎡舌h・・eq・…e{9(to十九‘)−9(重〇     九‘)}」・Call・d 右h・R−derivati…fg・‘£・and・d・n・‡・d・by g’(t・)嬬L,。・ffg∈E∼i・ R−differentiabl・a孟・v・ry t∈’1 and th・ resulting R−d・ivative g’(t)」・i刀 E∼,then 9 iS R−differentiable ・n 1 and the R−de亘vaεive・n l js den・ted

妙芸.

  Remark that fbr R−differentiability of mappings, it is enough七〇con− sider only mono七〇ne seque耳ces{hi}七ending to O since any subsequence of an R−convergent sequence is also R−convergent to七he same element. Since E i・R−sep・・at・d, th・R−limit・f th・・eq・・n・e{9(t°+九元i−9(t°)} is皿iquely defined fbr a mapping g differentiable at to and it is no七 depend on any choice of sequence{hi}decreasing to O. In fact,1e七{hi} and{h;・}be sequences of posi七ive numbers decreasing to O,ξand・ξ’ b・derivati・…fg・t t・d・丘・・d by th・・eq…ce・{9(te十hi)−9(to      hi)}and

{〔}・e・pecti・・ly. L・t th・曲d・eq。。。ce{厨dec,ea、i。g t。

       t Owhich are constructed fro皿{ゐ‘}U{h;}andηbe a derivative 6f g ・tt・d・丘・・d by th・・eq・・nce{9(’to十ki −9 to     ki)}. Since七h・p・ecedi・g七w・ sequences aエe subSequences of the latter one,ξandξ’aエe respectively equal toη (§1.Lemma.2(ii)). Similaエargumen七s apPly in the case of sequences of negative numbers. 71

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72 1、IPSCHITZ MAPPINGS.IN RANKED SPACES

PROPOSITION.

  (i)L・tg(毒)一一・;・∈E.丁九・n{t=0(∈E∼)・   (ii) Le舌∫,9《≡王)∼ be R−(五丑そぼen孟iable oll IL Then,        ∂(e/の一皇+害

THE・REM 4(M・孤Wu・Th・・f・m). L鋤∈.E∼and¢∈∫. Th・n,

there・is.s・me fs.’{晩}satiSfy血9古haちfbr eacほ, there・is・s・me p・s伽e 丑㎜berδ先>O such that

.σ〈lhl<い・

轣{㌔(・)4・∈ん・(・)+1晒・

PR・…Th・hyp・th・・i・g∈E∼implies£9(・)d・∈Er・by・Th…em l

aPd Theorepa・3, consequently∬+㌧(5)ds∈E∼by Theorems 2 and§3

Proposition 2. Since g∈E∼, there is so耳1e f.s.{Vk}satisfying that, fbr each k, (1) ヨδk>o;ーちt’∈∫,lt −t’1<δk⇒9ω一9(t’)∈Vk・ Take any number九; 0〈lhi<δk and any sequence{△n}of divisions of the closed interva1[t, t十司(or{t十ん,‘]). The sequence{S(g,△π)} i・R−c・n…g・・tt・∬+㌔(・)d・, th・t i・, th・・e is s・m・£・.{σk}・ati・fyi・g th4t, f・r ea《in k,

(・)ヨnk・・≧・−5(・・△・)−

P,t+ゐ・(・)d・∈σk・ Denoting 5(9,△n)fbr any△π∈{△π}such as 5(9,△。)一Σご、9(ξ“)(老“−t“.・);△。一{舌一¢・,¢・,…,tNn−£+九},        ξπ∈1ち_1,ん】(・r[tv,t。一、】) (〃=1,2,_.,Nπ),

we have

(3) 5(9,△。)一・hg(t)一Σ三、9(ξ“)(し一£〃一・)一ん9(t)       一Σ三、{・(ξ“)一・(t)}(t。 −t“一・)       ・ΣY、い“.・)Vk((・))       ⊂1ん11レk       (§1.(III)).

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Y.TAGUCHI

For七hese£s.{Vk}and{Uk}, there is some f.s.{Wk}such tha七, for eachk, (4)

Vk+Uk⊂VVk

(§1.(1)).   Now, we七ake this£s.{Wk}. R)r each k, we take a mmberδk>O de丘ned by(1)and a皿y number九; 0<1川くδk. F()r this九, there is some number k’=k’(h, k)sa七isfying七hat For this

we have

Uk’⊂lhluた k’,defining nk’by(2)such tha七 (§1.Lemma 1(i)). s(9・・A・。・・)− ?狽煤{hg(・)熾⊂lhlσ・,   t十九

     9(3)(is一ん9(t)       一{  t十hft     9(s)∂・−5(・,△nkt)}+{5(・,△nkt)一九・(・)}

      ∈固σ★刊ん悟         ((3))

      ⊂1ん1(σた十Vk)       ⊂lhl W,       ((4)). This implies our required result.■

THEOREM 5・Le古9∈E∼a刀d F(t)=

C・R・LLARY・L・t・・P,9∈E∼,6∈E㎝d砦

b+£9(t)dt i・・n・・f・a・did・古es・f g. pRooF(of Corollary): f:9(り∂舌OI1工Then,毛緩=9.

=9.Then,

6{b+f.‘g(t)dt}一妾{、ノit9(t)dt} comes from the above Proposition(i),(ii).■ PRooF(of Theorem 5):1七is su伍cien七to show七ha七fbr ally nonincreas− ing sequence{hi}of positive numbers tending to O, the sequellce {認z+ん‘9(・)d・}i・R−c・・verg・n七・・g(オ)・・麺d・t・i・finity(t∈∫) 73

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74 1、IPSCHITZ MAPPINGS IN RANKED SPACES ・ince F(t+ん、)−F(t)弍+九‘9(・)d・(Th・・rem・2).・By th・p・eced− ing Theorem 4, there is some£s.{Wk}and a sequence{δ斥}of positive numbers such tha七, for each k,

・<九くδ・⇒

轣{㌧(・)d・∈九・(・)+晒(・∈∫)・ 恥・ea・hた, th・・e is s・m・‘・・u・h. th・t..:

@  ・

       i≧ik⇒0<んi〈δ斥. Then, fbr i≧ik,        ご∫+㌔(・)d・−9(・)一ご{∠¢+㌔(・)∂・一ん・・(・)ド        ・ご・晒一Wk(・∈∫)・ that i・, th・・eq・・nce{去∬+h‘・9(s)d・}i・R−c・nv・・g・nt t・g(老)(老∈∫)・■ §5.∫:1)→Eand its integral JC∫(ちψ(t))∂ム ’

L・t1)={(ち釧lt 一・1≦r,x∈E}・

DEFINITIoN 1.∫:1)→Eis said to sa孟is」ry R−LjPsChi‘z con(胱ion on D if there exists s・me L>O satisfying thaちfbr any fs.{Vk} in E, each・k and a刀yβ★>0,        (ち・),(ち・’)∈1),x−・’∈βみ       ⇒’ ∫(t,x)一∫(¢,aノ)∈Lβピレ1. L・i・・cal1・d・Lip・chi協・・η・古孤舌・f f垣・m・ppi皿9”£ DEFINITIoN 2L∫:D→’E▲s called R−uni五)rmly co皿ti皿ous o刀D (R− u.・.・n・D・for sh・rt) if’ fo・a・y・eguence{δk}・f p・sitiv・n卿ber・de− creasing t・Oand any fs.{Uk}」n E, there・eXists・s・me fs.{Vk}in E such thaちfbr eac力k,       (ちx),(t’,x’)∈D, lt −t’1≦δ★,x−xt∈σ先        ⇒∫(t, x)−f(t’,xt)∈Vk. PRoPOSITIoN. Let 1=(a−r, a≠1」. 1f¥):∫・→Eis R−u.c. on I and ∫(ちx):D→E輌sR−u.・.・nD, then f(t,9(t)):∫→EisR−u・Cr.㎝エ、 PRooF:From the、hypothesis, fbエany sequence{δk}decreasing to O, there is somβfs.{Vk}in E sueh that   ちt’∈1, 1老一£’1≦δ夫 ⇒  9(t)−9(£’)∈「Vk  (え=1,2,∵・)・

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Y.工AGUCHI R)rthis sequence{δk}and the£s.{Vk}, there is some fs.{Wk}i丑E such that (ちエ),(t’,xt)∈D, lt−t’1≦δk, x−xt∈Vk ⇒f(t,x)−f(tt,xt)∈Wk (k=1,2,_). From these, fbr a皿y sequence{δk}decreasing to O, there existS a£s. {Wk}in E such that ち舌’∈1,1老一¢’1≦δ・⇒∫(t,9(t))一∫(t’,9(諺’))∈肱(丘一1,2,_), that is, f(t,9(t))is R−u.c. on l.■   From this Proposition and§4.Theorem 1, the following theorems f()1− 10w: THEoREM 1・Le古Ebe a ranked vector space wi孟五condit輌ons(り一(V), R−・ep・・a孟・dn・・s and R−c・mp1・孟・n…,9・1=【・一・,α+・1→Eb・a

m・pp」ng R−・・…ηland∫・1)=∫×E→Eb・amaPP血g R−・.c.・n

D』hen,亡here・紬s u頑u・1y‘he斑em鋤」n孟・)9・al fr・m a‘・舌den・古ed by£∫(t, 9(t))dt. THEOREM 2・5upPose E,(P and f satisfy the same conditions a8 in t五e preceding The・rem 1・L・t A b・the・m・pP垣9・n E∼defUed by Ag(t)−6イ∫(t,9(t))dt・ Then,       ・ .      ’  ・   (i)ノlg∈1ヲ(α,6,∫).   (ii)∬f・ati・五・・R−Lfp・Chit…ndit迦w・’鋤h・LipSChi協・㎝・tant      Land O<rL<1, then A・is an・R−c・ntracti・n・n E∼,毒ha舌is,      fbr ev・・y f・・{VA∼}in E∼,古here跡e s・m・κ夫;0’<・ゐ〈1(k=      1,2,… )satisfying‘ha孟, for aΩyβ夫>0, (ρ一ψ∈fik Vi∼丘nP五e8      /1・ρ一・4ψ∈κたβ斥㌃  (k=1,2,...) (§2De£ヱ).

PRooF:(i)It is evident tha七Ag(α)=b(Theorem 1,§4. Theorem

2(iii))and :f(ちP(舌))dt・i・’・R−u.・.・・∫, th・t i・,£f(ちq(り)娠E−, ・・n・eq・・ntly, b+t∫(ち¥)(¢))娠E−, th・t i・,却∈E−(Th。。。em 1・§4・Theorem 3,§3・Proposi七ion 2)・These imply.Ag∈B(α, b,∫)長)r any (ρ∈E∼. (ii)From the hypothesis, there exists some L>Osatisfying that, fbr any£s・{Vk}in E, each k a皿d anyβ夫>0, (ちx),(t,x’)∈1),   x−xt∈βk Vk    ⇒  f(t,x)一∫(t,xt)∈Lfik Vk. 75

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76 1.IPSCHITZ MAPPINGS IN RANKED SPACES We now fix a f.s.{Vi∼}ln E∼arbitrarily. Letψ,ψ∈E∼andψ一ψ∈ fik Vi∼fbr anyβ斥>0, that is3¥)(t)一ψ(t)∈βk Vk for every t∈∫ (k= 1,2,...) (§3.(iii)). Then we have f(ち(ρ(t))−f(ちψ(t))∈..LflkVk f‘)r every t∈1 (k=1,2・… ), that is, the皿apPing∫¢,9(t))一∫(ちψ(諺))is R−u・b・on∫w・r・to the £s.{Vk}(§3, Definition 2). Since the mapPing∫(ち9(t))一∫(ちψ(老))is R−u.c. on∫ (Proposition,§3.Proposition 2), we have fbr anyεk>0, f.t{f(t,.・9(t))−f(ちψ(t))}dt∈(lt−・ILfik +・・k)v・ (k−・……)

(§4.Theorem 1). We take a numberε>Osuch tha七It−alL+e=

rL+c<1and any number ek such that O<ek〈εβ斥 (k=1,2,…)・ Then we have fbr this.r.L十ε<1 ルM)−f(ちψ(t))}dt∈(・L・+・)β・・Vk’(k−1……)(§・・(III)), that is, A is an R−contraction on E∼・■ §6.An application to..the existence theorem of O.D.E.. THEoREM. Le孟Eb・a・rank・d vecε・r space w・’古h・・刀diti・n・ω一↓γ), R−・ep・・at・dn…and R−c・mp1・t・n…,∫・D−[・一・,・+・]×E→Eb・ am・pPi刀g R−u.・.・n・D・and sati・fy R−Lfp・chitz・・ηd元古i・n・n D・Let an ordinary di丑bre丑‡輌a 1 equat輌0刀be (1) (2)

dx

百一f(t,・), x(α)=b 吐ere・x:1α一r,α+r]→E』1en, there are a number fi>Osuch亡ha亡 0<βL<1and a mappingψ∈B(α,6,[α一β,α+βD wh元ch is a u亘fque solution of(ヱ)with(2), that js, x=(ρ(t)sati5五es that 害一f(t,・(t))and・(・)−b・ PRooF:It is ellough to consider the following integral equation:

・(    t

{fa     f(t,x(t))dt

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Y.TAGUC田〔 77 (§4.CoroUary of Theorem 5).『Let L be a n R−Lips(ihitz・s constant of

given∫(t,x)andβbe a mlmber such that O<βL<1. Then, the

mapping A on E∼, defined bellow, is an R−contraction on E∼, where E∼= {9:[α一β,α+β】→El g is R−u.c.on {α一β,α+β】} (§5・Theorem 2(ii)): Ag(・)−b+∠ε∫M)dt(t∈[・−fi、・+β])・ E∼is a ranked vector space with conditions(1)一(V), R−separatedness and R−completeness(§3.Propositions 4,5,6). Then、A hqs a unique fixed point in E∼(§2・Fixed poillt theorem).   Since Ag∈B(α, b,[α一β,α+βD⊂E∼fbr any 9∈B(α, b,[α一β,α+ βD (§5・Theorem 2(i)), the丘xed point of the mapPing A should be in B(a.・b・{α一β,α+βD・1・et it be 9∈B(α, b,1α一β,α+βD. Then we have

P(t)−b+/.‘f(ち蹴

that is,9is a unique solution of the integral equation equivalent to the given(1)and(2).■

Addendum.1

  1n the case when E is a B・anach space,.our Theorem(§6)is explicitly stated by G.Birkhoff([A 1,p.122,Theorem 16])and it was the baSis of his investigations on product integration on B anach space valuedπ}apPings. Furthermore the idea leads him to study Banadh Lie groups(analytic groups)・On the other hand, our Theorem(§6)will be used in our forthcom輌ng studies on product integrations and non−Banach Lie groups. In the丘eld of abstract differential equations, it is a common practice to

consider the’Lipschitz collditi皿in Sobolev spaces(T.Kato【A2]fbr

example). While the existence of regular solutions of such equations is usually shown by the method of Sobolev lemma after finding weak solutions of numerical differential equations by using linear functionals( J.L.Lions[A3]for example), our methQd gives a direct approach hence m’≠凵@be applied to the spaces which have no linear functionals(like Lo f・r example). .

AcknoWledgment.1 would like to thank Professors M.Washihara and

K,Nakaga mi.for their valuable discussions during the preparation of this paper and to the referees for their suggestions which improved greatly the presentation of this paper. IAdd・d by a・ef・・ee’s suggesti。n

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78 LIPSCHITZ MAPPINGS IN RANKED SPACES        REFERENCES,  1..S.Kasalhara,、4 ■εmαずk oπ‘ゐz contずαcま‘oπpr‘πc印∫ε, Ploc. Japan Acadご44     (1968),21−26.  2.Y二Nagakura, On貢2εJ po‘π口九eorεm, Proc. Japa皿Acad.50(1974),218−221. 3.Y.Nagakura, D沮εrεπ‘‘d cα∫c砲3‘π∫輌πeαr冗nked 8,αcε3, Hiloshima Math.」.     8(1978),269−299.  4.S.Nakanishi, Tゐεmetゐo♂o∫祀π舵ば8Pαcε5 proposed by Pγo∫e830ア κ‘πjjro     κ旭π包g‘,Math. Japonica 23(1978),291−323. 5.S.Nakanishi,0πrαπ洗e4包η‘oπ3pαcε3 and dual 8ραcε8, Math. Japonica 28     (1983)・.353−370・ 6.S.Nakanishi,∫π匂rα’‘oπo∫ ranked①εdoアθμce valu ed −funct‘oπ3, MathJapon−    ica 33(1988);105−128.  7.H.Okano,0παd4・30∫comp1εオe 8p4cε5 and some fi’xed point‘九eorems, Math.     Japonica 21・(1976),179−185.  .     ’     1       .・・  8.Y,Taguchi,ハπ‘‘e dimen.sional ranked●εc重oア8ραce8, TRU Mathematics 18     (1982),131−137. 9.M.W・・hih・・a,0−・虎・d・μ・・3. E・d・li晒鴫11, P・。・・」・p・・A・ad・45(・969),     238−242.    、 A1. GBirkho鉦,0π,roduct‘ntegrations, J。 of MatL. and.Phys.16(1938),104−132. A2. T.Kato,“Abstract Dif』ential Equations and Non−li皿ear Mixed Problems,”Ac−     ca(lemia Nazionale dei Lincei, Piza,1985.       ク A3. J.LI.ions,“Equations diff6rentielles op6rationelles,,, Springer,1961. Yoshiko TAGUCHI Department of Mathematics・ Science University of. Tokyo Noda 278

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