合性の評価と補正
著者
野田 容助
権利
Copyrights 日本貿易振興機構（ジェトロ）アジア
経済研究所 / Institute of Developing
Economies, Japan External Trade Organization
(IDE-JETRO) http://www.ide.go.jp
シリーズタイトル
アジア経済研究所統計資料シリーズ
シリーズ番号
93
雑誌名
貿易指数と貿易構造の変化
ページ
49-84
発行年
2009
出版者
日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所/Institute of
Developing Economies (IDE-JETRO)
URL
http://hdl.handle.net/2344/00008907
╙
2 ┨
⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߌࠆᣣᧄߣ㖧࿖ߩᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߣᱜ
㊁↰ኈഥ
ߪߓߦ
ᧄ┨ߩ⋡⊛ߪ╙1 ┨ޟUN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ ߦ߅ߌࠆᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߣᱜޠߦၮߠߡ UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߌࠆႎ๔࿖ߩᣣᧄ߅ࠃ ߮㖧࿖ߩャߦߟߡߘߩᢛวᕈߣᱜᣇᴺߦߟ ߡౕࠍߍߡ␜ߔߎߣߢࠆޕ╙1 ┨ߪ⾏ ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߌࠆᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߣਇᢛวߥ⾏ᤃ࠺ ࠲ߩᱜߩᣇᴺࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆ߇ޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ ߦߟߡߪᢛวᕈ߇ࠅޔߒ߆߽ᢙ㊂නߪߔߴ ߡߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߡห৻ߢࠆߣ ߁ᒝቯߩਅߢ⺑ߐࠇߡࠆޕታ㓙ߩ⾏ᤃ࠺ ࠲ߢߪߎߩቯߪᔅߕߒ߽ḩ⿷ߔࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄߕޔ ႎ๔࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩቯ⟵ࠆߪᚑᣇ ᴺߩ⋧㆑߇UN Comtrade⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩ⋥ធ⊛ߦ ᤋߒߡࠆߚޔߎߩ⋧㆑ߦኻᔕߒߡߎߩቯߪ ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ⁁ᘒߦߥࠆޕ߹ߚޔ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߌ ࠆ࿕ߩ⺋Ꮕ߇ߎߩ⺑ߦ㑐ࠊߞߡߊࠆߚ╙ 1 ┨ߢ⺑ߐࠇߡࠆ߶ߤᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߪන⚐ߢߪ ߥޕᧄ┨ߢߪ⺑ࠍ⋭⇛ߒߡࠆ߇ޔጊᧄ㧔1997㧕 ߦࠃࠇ߫⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩ࿕⺋Ꮕߪޔ⛔⸘ߦ߹ࠇ ࠆ⽷ߩ▸࿐ߩᏅ⇣ޔㆇ⾓߅ࠃ߮㒾ᢱޔㅢ⽻឵▚ ߦࠃࠆᏅ⇣ޔຠಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆᏅ⇣ޔኒャޔ⛔⸘⸘ ᤨὐߩߕࠇޔේ↥ቯߩᏅ⇣ޔቯଔ↳๔߹ߚ ߪ㜞ଔ↳๔ޔ╙3 ࿖⚻↱⽻‛ޔߩ 9 ⒳㘃ߦ߹ߣ ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ࠍ↪ ߔࠆߣ߈ߦߪ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ࿕ߩ⺋Ꮕ߇ሽߔࠆ ߚޔᢛวᕈߦߟߡߪᔅߕߒ߽⸽ߐࠇߡࠆ ߣߪ㒢ࠄߥߎߣࠍ㌏⸥ߒߡ߅ߊᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦߩᢛวᕈߦߟߡߪႎ๔࿖ޔᐕޔ ャಽࠍ࿕ቯߒߚߣ߈ޔຠว⸘ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ ⇇ߩขᒁ㗵ࠍၮḰߣߒߡ㓏ጀ⊛ߥᩴࡌ࡞ຠಽ 㘃ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ࠍ߽ߣߦߒߚ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬ߆ࠄ ↢ߕࠆ⺋Ꮕߪຠಽ㘃ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⺋Ꮕޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦ㑐 ࠊࠆ⺋Ꮕޔຠಽ㘃ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ࠍ✚ว⺋Ꮕߢ ࠊߐࠇޔߎࠇࠄߩ⺋Ꮕߩ߇✚ว⺋Ꮕߢࠆޕᢛ วᕈߩ⹏ଔߪߎࠇࠄߩ⺋Ꮕࠍ␜ߔߎߣߢߐࠇ ࠆޕ߽߁߭ߣߟߩᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߪᩴࡌ࡞ಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼ߣߘࠇࠍࡌ࡞ߣߒߡߔࠆਅ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩߩߘࠇߙࠇߩขᒁ㗵ߩᏅߢ ࠆޕߎߩ2 ߟߩᢛวᕈ⹏ଔࠍ߽ߣߦ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ ߩᱜߪ⋧ᚻ࿖߅ࠃ߮ຠಽ㘃ߩᢛวᕈࠍ⛽ᜬߐ ߖࠆߚߦ߅ߎߥࠊࠇޔߘߩᱜߪ⛘ኻ⺋Ꮕߣ⋧ ኻ⺋Ꮕߩ2 ⒳㘃ߦࠃߞߡᱜၮḰ߇ࠄࠇࠆޕ ᧄ┨ߪႎ๔࿖ߩᣣᧄߣ㖧࿖ߩャߦߟߡ⾏ᤃ ࠺࠲ߩຠಽ㘃ޔ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩᢛวᕈ⹏ଔޔ⾏ ᤃ࠺࠲ߩਇᢛวߦ߅ߌࠆᱜޔᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔ ╬ߩ㑐ㅪߔࠆ㒝߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡࠆޕਔႎ๔࿖ ߣ߽ߦຠಽ㘃ߪ SITC-R1ޔኻ⽎ᐕᐲߪᣣᧄߪ 1962 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2005 ᐕޔ㖧࿖ߪ 1962 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2006 ᐕ ߹ߢߣߒߡࠆޕ1㧚⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩຠಽ㘃
ᧄ┨ߢኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߪ࿖ㅪ㧔UN㧕⛔⸘ ዪ㧔International Trade Statistics Section, UN Statistics Devision㧕ᚑߦࠃࠆ on-line ᬌ⚝ߦࠃࠅᓧࠄࠇࠆ UN Comtrade Database ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߢࠆޕ╙ 1 ┨࿑1 UN Comtrade Database ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩႎ๔࿖ᣣᧄߦ߅ߡຠಽ㘃ߏߣߦᚑߐࠇࠆ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ 1962 1975 1976 1987 1988 1995 1996 2001 02 05 SITC-R1 SITC-R2 SITC-R3 HS1988 HS1996 HS2002 φψ φψ φψ φψ φψ φψ
㧔ᚲ㧕UN ᚑߩ on-line ᬌ⚝ߢᓧࠄࠇࠆ UN Comtrade Database ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩႎ๔࿖ᣣᧄߦ߽ߣߠ߈⪺⠪ᚑޕ
㧔ᵈ㧕ຠಽ㘃ߩSITC ᡷ⸓╙㧝 ޔห╙ 2 ޔห╙ 3 ߪߘࠇߙࠇ SITC-R1ޔSITC-R2ޔSITC-R3 ߣࠊߒޔHS1988 ᐕᐲ ޔHS1996 ᐕᐲ ޔHS2002 ᐕᐲ ߪߘࠇߙࠇ HS1988ޔHS1996ޔHS2002 ߣࠊߔޕ⍫ශߪ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩሽߒ ߡࠆᦼ㑆ࠍ␜ߒߡ߅ࠅޔᓇߩઃߡࠆᦼ㑆ߪᣣᧄߩ⽷ോ⋭㧔ᄢ⬿⋭㧕ᚑߩᣣᧄ⾏ᤃ⛔⸘ߦ߅ߡណ↪ߐࠇߡ ࠆຠಽ㘃ࠍࠊߒߡࠆޕ02 ߆ࠄ 05 ߪ 2002 ߆ࠄ 2005 ߩ⋭⇛␜ߢࠆޕ 1 ຠಽ㘃 SITC ߩฦᡷ⸓ ߦ߅ߌࠆຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㗄⋡ᢙ ಽ㘃ߩࡌ࡞ ᄢಽ㘃 ਛಽ㘃 ዊಽ㘃 ⚦ಽ㘃 ၮᧄ㗄⋡ Section Division Group Sub-group Item
ᡷ⸓ ߩ⒳㘃 (1 ᩴ) (2 ᩴ) (3 ᩴ) (4 ᩴ) (4 ᩴ & 5 ᩴ) 5+6%4 5+6%4 5+6%4
㧔ᚲ㧕UN ᚑߦࠃࠆ SITC ฦᡷ⸓ ߩ SITC ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣߘߩฬ⒓ߦ߽ߣߠ߈⪺⠪ᚑ
㧔ᵈ㧕ၮᧄ㗄⋡ߪitem ࠆߪ basic heading ߣ߽⸒ࠊࠇࠆޕၮᧄ㗄⋡ߩᓟࠈߩ㧔 㧕ߩਛߩᢙሼߪၮᧄ㗄⋡ߣߒߡቯ
⟵ߐࠇߡࠆ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ 5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍߘࠇߙࠇࠊߔޕ ߢ⚫ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߢ↪ߐࠇࠆ⾏ᤃ ຠಽ㘃ߪSITC ฦᡷ⸓ ߣHS ߩOriginal ߅ࠃ߮ฦ ᡷ⸓ ߇ሽߔࠆޕߎࠇࠄߩຠಽ㘃ߦኻߒߡ UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߪฦ࿖ᚑߩర࠺࠲ࠍ ߽ߣߦຠಽ㘃ࠍᣂⷙᡷ⸓ ߆ࠄᣥᡷ⸓ ߦᄌ឵ ߒߡห৻ಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆᤨ♽࠺࠲ࠍᚑߒߡࠆ ߣߎࠈߦ․ᓽ߇ࠆޕ߃߫ޔ࿑1 ߦ␜ߐࠇߡ ࠆࠃ߁ߦႎ๔࿖߇ᣣᧄߩ႐วߦߪᒰ࿖ߩ⾏ᤃ࠺ ࠲ߢࠆ⽷ോ⋭ᚑߩᣣᧄ⾏ᤃ⛔⸘ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ ຠಽ㘃ߪ1962 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1975 ᐕ߹ߢߪ SITC-R1ޔ 1976 ᐕ߆ࠄ1987 ᐕߪCCCN㧔Customs Co-operation Council Nomenclature㧕ޔ1988 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1995 ᐕߪ HS1988ᐕᐲ ޔ1996ᐕ߆ࠄ2001ᐕ߹ߢߪHS1996 ᐕᐲ ޔ2002 ᐕએ㒠ߪ HS2002 ᐕᐲ ߢࠆޕ CCCN ߪ SITC-R2ޔHS ߪ SITC-R3 ߦኻᔕߔࠆ ຠಽ㘃ߢࠆ1ޕ࿑1 ߦ߅ߡᓇߩߟߡࠆㇱ ಽ߇ᒰ࿖ߩ↪ߒߡࠆຠಽ㘃ߣߘߩᦼ㑆ߢ ࠆޕ ႎ๔࿖ᣣᧄߦߟߡUN ߪ 1976 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1987 ᐕ ߹ߢߩ SITC-R2 ߦࠃࠆಽ㘃ࠍᣥᡷ⸓ ߢࠆ SITC-R1 ߳ᄌ឵ߒߡ 1962 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1987 ᐕ߹ߢห৻ ߩSITC-R1ߦࠃࠆ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ࠍ↪น⢻ߦߒߡ ࠆޕ1988 ᐕએ㒠ߦߟߡᣂຠಽ㘃ߩ HS ߆ࠄ SITC-R1 ߳ߩᄌ឵ࠍߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ⚿ᨐߣߒߡ 1962 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2005 ᐕ߹ߢࠍห৻ߩ SITC-R1 ߦࠃࠆ 㐳ᦼᤨ♽࠺࠲ߣߒߡߩ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ࠍᚑߒߡ ࠆޕหߓࠃ߁ߦߒߡޔUN ߢߪ SITC-R2 એ㒠ߩ ᡷ⸓ ߢࠆᣂຠಽ㘃߆ࠄSITC-R2߳ߩᄌ឵ࠍ ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ1976 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2005 ᐕ߹ߢࠍห৻ߩ SITC-R2 ߦࠃࠆ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ࠍᚑߒߡࠆޕ࿑ 1
2 ຠಽ㘃 HS ߩ Original ߅ࠃ߮ฦᡷ⸓ ߦ߅ߌࠆຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㗄⋡ᢙ ಽ㘃ߩࡌ࡞ ㇱ 㘃 㗄 ภ
Section Chapter Heading Sub-heading ᡷ⸓ ߩ⒳㘃 (2 ᩴ) (2 ᩴ) (4 ᩴ) (6 ᩴ) HS1988 HS1996 HS2002 㧔ᚲ㧕UN ᚑߦࠃࠆ HS ߩ Original ߅ࠃ߮ฦᡷ⸓ ߩ SITC ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣߘߩฬ⒓ߦ߽ߣߠ߈⪺⠪ᚑ 㧔ᵈ㧕Section ߪ Chapter ࠍ 21 ಽ㘃ߦಽഀߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅᚑߐࠇߡࠆޕ ߦ␜ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦႎ๔࿖ᣣᧄߦߟߡߪSITC-R1 ߆ࠄSITC-R3ޔHS1988 ᐕᐲ᧼߆ࠄ HS2002 ᐕᐲ ߹ߢߩߘࠇߙࠇߩຠಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲߇ឥ ߞߡ߅ࠅޔ↪น⢻ߥ⁁ᘒߢࠆ 2 ޕႎ๔࿖ߩ㖧 ࿖ߦߟߡ߽ᣣᧄߣหߓࠃ߁ߦ࿑1 ߢࠊߐࠇߚ ࠃ߁ߥᦼ㑆ߦߟߡຠಽ㘃ߩᡷ⸓ࠍታᣉߒߡ ࠆޕ UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦߪຠಽ㘃ߦ㑐ߒߡ 㓏ጀ᭴ㅧࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆߘࠇߙࠇߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߦၮߡಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆขᒁ㗵ߩ࠺࠲߇ሽߔࠆޕ SITC ߩฦᡷ⸓ ߦ߅ߌࠆຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ᭴ᚑ ߪߔߴߡߩຠࠍࠊߔ Total ߣ㓏ጀ⊛ߦ᭴ᚑߐ ࠇࠆ1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߆ࠄ 4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼߇ࠅޔߐࠄߦ⚦ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣߒߡߩ4 ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍ ၮᧄ㗄⋡ߩࠕࠗ࠹ࡓ㧔item㧕߹ߚߪ Basic Heading ߇ࠆޕSITC ߦ߅ߌࠆฦᡷ⸓ ߩຠಽ㘃ߩ㗄⋡ ᢙߪ1 ߦ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕHS ߩ Original ߅ࠃ߮ฦ ᡷ⸓ ߦ߅ߌࠆຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ᭴ᚑߪ㓏ጀ⊛ߦ ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ2 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ޔ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼ޔ6 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩઁޔ2 ᩴಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼㧔Chapter㧕ࠍಽഀߒߡᓧࠄࠇࠆᦨࡌ࡞ ߩㇱ㧔Section㧕߇ሽߔࠆޕㇱߪࡠࡑᢙሼߩΣ ߆ࠄXXI ߹ߢߢࠊߐࠇޔchapter ߩ 01 ߆ࠄ 05 ߹ߢࠍ╙1 ㇱߩ Iޔchapter ߩ 06 ߆ࠄ 14 ߹ߢࠍ╙ 2 ㇱߩΤޔߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߦ 21 ಽ㘃ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡࠆ 3 ޕHS ߦ߅ߌࠆฦᡷ⸓ ߩຠಽ㘃ߩ㗄⋡ᢙߪ 2 ߦ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ ╙1 ┨ߩ㧔1-1㧕ᑼߢ␜ߐࠇߡࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ⾏ᤃ ࠺࠲ߣߒߡᓧࠄࠇࠆขᒁ㗵ߪႎ๔࿖ޔᐕޔャ ಽߏߣߦޔk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢߐࠇߚ ຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ci(k)ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖pjࠍv(ci(k),j) ࠆߪv( jc, )ߣߔߎߣߦߔࠆޕᦨࡌ࡞ಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼ߢߐࠇࠆߔߴߡߩຠ㧔Total㧕ߩขᒁ 㗵ߪ⋧ᚻ࿖ࠍ⇇㧔World㧕ߣߔࠇ߫v( WT, )ߣߒ ߡߐࠇࠆޕUN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߡ ຠಽ㘃ߪຠ✚㗵ߣߔߴߡߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ࠍࠎߢߡ㓏ጀ᭴ㅧࠍᒻᚑߒߡࠆߩߦኻߒߡޔ ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦߟߡߪ⇇ว⸘ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩߺ߆ࠄ ᭴ᚑߐࠇޔၞว⸘߿⚻ᷣࡉࡠ࠶ࠢ⸘ߩࠃ߁ߥ ࡌ࡞ߩಽ㘃ߪሽߖߕ㓏ጀ᭴ㅧߪ߹ࠇߡ ߥߎߣߦᵈᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ 㓏ጀ⊛ߦ᭴ᚑߐࠇߚຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣߪߦޔ ႎ๔࿖ޔャಽޔᐕᲤߩ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߡ ขᒁ㗵߇0ߢߥߊޔߒ߆߽ਅᩴࡌ࡞ߩ㓏ጀߦዻ ߒߡࠆಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍᜬߚߥޟ⚦ಽ㘃ޠࠦ ࠼߇mdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼㧔the most detailed classification code: mdcc㧕ߢࠆޕmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪSITCߩฦᡷ ⸓ ߪ╙1┨ߩ㧔2-4㧕ᑼߢࠊߐࠇޔHSߩOriginal ߅ࠃ߮ฦᡷ⸓ ߪ╙1┨ߩ㧔2-6㧕ᑼߢ␜ߐࠇࠆޕ⋧ ᚻ࿖ߣຠಽ㘃ߩᢛวᕈ߇⸽ߐࠇߡࠆ⾏ᤃ࠺ ࠲ߦߟߡߪmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߩว⸘ߪ ຠ✚㗵ߦ৻⥌ߔࠆ߇ޔᔅߕߒ߽㓏ጀ⊛ߥ᭴ㅧߦ ߥߞߡߥߎߣߦᵈᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ UN Comtrade⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߢߪSITC_R3ߦ߅ၮᧄ 㗄⋡ߣmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߇ᷙߒߡࠆߎߣ߇ࠆ ႎ๔࿖ߩᣣᧄߣ㖧࿖ߦ߅ߡ․ቯᐕᐲ߇SITC-R3ޕ ߩmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢࠆ3ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ
3 mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢࠊߐࠇߚ SITC-R3 ߩ 3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ 334,673,676 ߩขᒁ㗵ߩ⁁ᘒ ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ y ᣣᧄ 㖧࿖ ) (c v( Wc, ) v((cux),W) D(c) E(c) v( Wc, ) v((cux),W) D(c) E(c) ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ 㧔ᚲ㧕UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩ SITC-R3 ߦ߅ߌࠆႎ๔࿖ᣣᧄߣ㖧࿖߆ࠄ⪺⠪ᚑޕ 㧔ᵈ㧕⚕㕙ߩㇺว߆ࠄኻ⽎ᐕᐲࠍ 1993 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2005 ᐕ߹ߢߦ㒢ߞߡࠆޕනߪ 1,000US$ޔຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪޔ } 676 , 673 , 334 { c ߢࠆޕv((cux),W)ߪ╙1 ┨ߩ㧔2-8㧕ᑼޔD(c)ߪ╙1 ┨ߩ㧔3-11㧕ᑼߢ␜ߐࠇߡࠆ⛘ኻ ⺋ᏅޔE(c)ߪ╙1 ┨ߩ㧔3-12㧕ᑼߩ⋧ኻ⺋ᏅߢࠆޕUN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩනߪ 1US$ߢࠆߩߦኻߒߡ
334,673,676ߣߘߩਅࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߇ᷙߒ ߡࠆ⁁ᘒࠍ␜ߔޕߎߩᷙߪHSߩฦᡷ⸓ ߆ࠄ SITC-R3߳ߩኻᔕ㑐ଥߦ߅ߡHSߩಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߇ SITC-R3ߩ3ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦኻᔕߒߡࠆ߽ ߩ߇ሽߒߡࠆߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕUN߇ឭଏߒ ߡࠆHS1988ᐕᐲ ߣSITC-R3ߩኻᔕߢߪ೨⠪ ߩ6ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦኻߒߡᓟ⠪ߩၮᧄ㗄⋡ ߇ၮᧄ⊛ߦኻᔕߒߡࠆޕߒ߆ߒ․ߥ߇ሽ ߒޔHSߩಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ271000ߦኻߒߡSITC-R3ߩ3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ334߇ኻᔕߒߡࠆޕHS1996 ᐕᐲ ߣSITC-R3ߩኻᔕ㑐ଥߢߪSITC-R3ߩ344ߩ ઁߦ673ߣ676߇3ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣߒߡኻᔕ ߒߡࠆޕߒ߆߽ޔ3ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩߺߢߪ ߥߊหᤨߦߘߩਅࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ߽ኻᔕߒ ߡࠆߎߣߦᵈᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆ 4 ޕHS2002ᐕᐲ ߣSITC-R3ߩኻᔕ㑐ଥߢߪHSߩ271000߇⚦ಽൻ ߐࠇߚ271011ޔ271019ޔ271091ޔ271099ߦኻߒߡ ߽หߓ334ߦኻᔕߒߡࠆޕ673ߣ676ߦߟߡߪ HS1996ᐕᐲ ߩኻᔕ㑐ଥߣห৻ߢࠆޕ UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩႎ๔࿖ᣣᧄߣ㖧࿖ߩ ャߦ߅ߡ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢࠊߐࠇߚ SITC-R3 ߩ 3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ 334,673,676 ߩขᒁ㗵ߩ⁁ᘒࠍ␜ߒߚߩ߇3 ߢࠆޕߎߩ ߪ⚕㕙ߩㇺว߆ࠄኻ⽎ᐕᐲࠍ1993 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2005 ᐕ ߹ߢߦ㒢ߞߡࠆޕ߹ߚޔUN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺ ࠲ߩනߪ1US$ߢࠆߩߦኻߒߡ 3 ߩขᒁ㗵 ߩනߪ1,000US$ߢࠆߚޔ1,000US$ᧂḩߩ⽶ ߩᏅߦߟߡߪ྾ᝥߦࠃࠅ-0߇␜ߐࠇߡ ࠆޕ 3 ߢ␜ߐࠇࠆv((cux),W)ߪ╙1 ┨ߩ㧔2-8㧕 ᑼޔ⛘ኻ⺋ᏅߩD(c)ߣ⋧ኻ⺋ᏅߩE(c)ߪ╙1 ┨ ߩ㧔3-11㧕ᑼߣ㧔3-12㧕ᑼࠍෳᾖߔࠆߎߣޕߎߩ ߦ߅ߡޔᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆ1993 ᐕߩ SITC-R3 ߩ 334 ߢߪޔv(334,W)ߪ5,282,937㧔1,000US$㧕ߢ ࠅޔ334 ࠍ 3 ᩴࡌ࡞ߣߒߡᜬߟ 4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼ߩߣߥࠆv((334ux),W)ߪ5,282,937 ߣߥ ࠅޔਔ⠪ߪ৻⥌ߒߡ߅ࠅޔD(334)ߪ0 ߣߥࠆޕᩴ ࡌ࡞ߣߒߡߩᢛวᕈߪߚࠇߡࠆޕDS(c)ߪ ╙1 ┨ߩ㧔2-1㧕ᑼߢ␜ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ 3 ߢߪޔ ) 334 ( S D {3341,3342,3343,3345}߇⋭⇛ߐࠇߡ ࠆޕߦ␜ߐࠇߡࠆㅢࠅޔ1993 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2001 ᐕ ߹ߢߪ⛘ኻ⺋ᏅߩD(c)ߪ 0 ߥߩߢᢛวᕈߩ⸽ ߐࠇߚ৻⥌ߒߚ⁁ᘒ߇⛽ᜬߐࠇߡࠆޕߘࠇߦኻ ߒߡ2002ᐕએ㒠ߢߪ334ߒ߆ሽߒߡߥߚ 3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵߇⛘ኻ⺋Ꮕߦߘߩ ߹߹ࠊࠇޔ⋧ኻ⺋ᏅߩE(c)ߪ100%ߢࠆޕ SITC-R3 ߩ 673 ߦߟߡߪ 1993 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1995 ᐕ ߹ߢߪ⛘ኻ⺋Ꮕߪ0 ߢࠅᢛวᕈߪߚࠇߡࠆ ߩߦኻߒߡޕ1996 ᐕએ㒠ߪਔ⠪ߩᏅ߇ሽߒޔߘ ߩ⋧ኻ⺋Ꮕߪ⚂99%ߢࠆޕ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߪHS ߣ SITC-R3 ߩኻᔕߦߒߚ߇ߞߡ 6735 ߩߺ␜ߐࠇࠆޕ3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ 673 ߳ኻ ᔕߒߡࠆHS ߩขᒁ㗵ߩߪ␜⊛ߦߪ␜ߐࠇ ߡߥ߇ޔᢛวᕈ߇⸽ߐࠇߡࠇ߫ߎߩขᒁ 㗵 ࠍ v(673m,W) ߣ ߔ ࠇ ߫ ޔ v(673m,W) ) , 6735 ( ) , 673 ( W v W v ߣߒߡ␜ߐࠇࠆޕ5 ᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦߟߡߩᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߪ⋭⇛ߔࠆޕ 676 ߦߟߡ߽หߓࠃ߁ߦ 1993 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1995 ᐕ߹ ߢߪᢛวᕈ߇ߚࠇߡࠆߩߦኻߒߡ 1996 ᐕએ 㒠ߪਇᢛวߩ⁁ᘒߢࠆޕ⋧ኻ⺋Ꮕߪ 20%߆ࠄ 45%ߊࠄࠍ೨ᓟߒߡࠆޕ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߦߟߡߪDS(676)ߩߔߴߡ߇ሽߔࠆޕ 㖧࿖ߦߟߡ߽3 ߆ࠄ 334 ߦߟߡߪᐕߦࠃ ࠅ3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ߩߺ߇ሽߔࠆߩߣ߈ߣਅᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩሽ߇ࠆߣ߈ߩ⁁ᘒ߇ ߦࠊࠇߡࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆޕ673 ߣ 676 ߦߟ ߡߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢛวᕈߪᣣᧄߣ߶߷ห ߓ⁁ᘒߢࠆޕ એߩߎߣ߆ࠄ UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩ SITC-R3 ߩ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ࠍ↪ߔࠆߣ߈ߦߪၮᧄ㗄 ⋡ߩߺࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߣ߈ߦߪ⸥ߩߩࠃ߁ߥ 3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍኻ⽎ᄖߣߒߡߒ߹߁ߎߣߦ ߥࠆޕmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢߪߎߩ 3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆޕHS ߩฦᡷ ⸓ ߣSITC-R3 ኻᔕࠍ⋥ធ↪ߔࠇ߫673 ߅ࠃ ߮676 ߦߟߡߪ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢ߽ㆡಾߦኻ
ᔕߢ߈ߥߎߣߪࠄ߆ߢࠆޕ߃߫ޔ⇣ߥࠆ ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߇ᷙߒߡࠆ673 ߦߟߡ ߪ673aa ߣ 5 ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ⺞ᢛߔࠆ߆ޔ߹ ߚ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍ⋥ធ↪ߔࠆߩߢߪߥ ߊ3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩߺࠍෳᾖߔࠆߎߣߦࠃ ࠅห৻ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ⺞ᢛߔࠆ╬ߩ⠨ᘦ߇ ᔅⷐߣߥࠆޕ676 ߦߟߡߪ 676aa ߩઁߦޔ6761a ߣ6762a ߩ⺞ᢛ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆޕ
2㧚⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߌࠆᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔ
⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩขᒁ㗵ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚߣ߈ޔຠ✚ 㗵ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖⇇ߩv( WT, )ࠍၮḰ୯ߣߔࠆߎߣߦ ࠃࠅຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠆߪ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ࠺ ࠲ࠍว⸘ߒߚ୯߇ၮḰ୯ߦ৻⥌ߔࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߢ ߘࠇߙࠇຠಽ㘃߅ࠃ߮⋧ᚻ࿖ߩᢛวᕈࠍᬌ⸛ߔ ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߩߪᧄ┨ߩ㒝 1 ߆ࠄ㒝 6 ߦ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ㒝 1 ߆ࠄ㒝 4 ߪon-line ᬌ⚝ߦࠃࠆUN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩ ຠಽ㘃߇SITC-R1ߦ߅ߌࠆႎ๔࿖ߩᣣᧄߣ㖧࿖ ߩャߢࠅޔᩴࡌ࡞ࠍߔk ࠍޔk 1 , ,4ߣ ߒߚߣ߈ߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߦၮߠߊᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔޔᱜߐࠇߚ mdcc ಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߢࠆޕ㒝5 ߣ㒝 6 ߪᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ߣߘߩਅࡌ࡞ߩߦ߅ߌࠆ ขᒁ㗵ߩᢛวᕈ⹏ଔߢࠆޕኻ⽎ᐕᐲߪᣣᧄߪ 1962 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2005 ᐕޔ㖧࿖ߪ 1962 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2006 ᐕ ߹ߢߢࠆޕ╙1 ┨ߩ㧔4-2㧕ᑼߩ⛘ኻ⺋Ꮕߩᱜ ၮḰD ߪ 1US$ߣߒߡࠆޕ* 㒝1 ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔႎ๔࿖ߩᣣᧄߪ 1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼ߦࠃࠆᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߪ⛘ኻ⺋ᏅߩၮḰ * D ߩ 3,000US$ߦኻߒߡ✚ว⺋Ꮕߩ e ߇ዊߐߊޔ ຠಽ㘃߅ࠃ߮⋧ᚻ࿖ߦߟߡߣ߽ߦᢛวᕈ߇ ߚࠇߡࠆߎߣࠍߒߡࠆޕߎߩਛߢ⽶ߩᦨᄢ ⺋Ꮕ߇↢ߓߡࠆߩߪ1977 ᐕߥߩߢޔߎߩᐕࠍౕ ߣߒߡขᒁ㗵ޔᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߩ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߔޕ ╙1 ┨ߩ 3 ߢߐࠇߡࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߏߣߩ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߩⷐ⚂ߪ4 ߦ␜ߐࠇߡ ࠆޕᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߦ߅ߡຠಽ㘃ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ ⺋Ꮕߪ╙1 ┨ߩ㧔3-9㧕ᑼߢߐࠇޔ 4 ߩ Error of ) 1 ( C ߣWorld ߩὐ߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆ-848 ߢࠆޕ⋧ ᚻ࿖ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ⺋Ꮕߪ╙1 ┨ߩ㧔3-10㧕ᑼߢߐ ࠇޔ4 ߩ Total ߣ Error of P ߩὐ߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆ -2874 ߢࠆޕຠಽ㘃ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩㅢߔࠆ⺋Ꮕ ) ( , k ecp ߪError of C(1)ߣError of P ߩὐ߆ࠄᓧ ࠄࠇࠆ-1455 ߢࠆޕޕ✚ว⺋Ꮕߪ╙ 1 ┨ߩ㧔3-8㧕 ᑼߢߐࠇޔຠಽ㘃ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⺋Ꮕߩ߆ࠄߘ ߩㅢߔࠆ⺋Ꮕࠍᒁߡ᳞ࠄࠇޔ-2267ߣߥࠆޕ ߎࠇࠄߩ⺋Ꮕࠍ߹ߣߡ␜ߒߡࠆߩ߇1 ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߢࠅޔ 5 ߦ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ 5 ߪ㒝 1 ߆ࠄ 1977 ᐕߩ ߺࠍขࠅߒߡ߹ߣߚ߽ߩߢࠆޕ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦ߆ ߆ࠊࠆ⺋Ꮕߪv(T,W)v(T,x)ߣߥࠆߎߣ߆ࠄࠊ ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߅ࠃ߮mdcc ಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼߆ࠄߪή㑐ଥߢࠅޔຠಽ㘃߇ߔߴߡߩ ຠߩTotal ߦኻߒߡޔ⋧ᚻ࿖⇇߆ࠄߔߴߡߩ⋧ ᚻ࿖ߩขᒁ㗵ߩࠍᒁߚ߽ߩߢࠆޕ5 ߢߪ ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⺋Ꮕߪห৻ߩ-2874 ߢࠆޕ 5 ߦ߅ߡᣣᧄャߩ 1977 ᐕߪຠಽ㘃߇ SITC-R1 ߥߩߢᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙߪd 1 d4ߢ␜ߐࠇߘࠇߙࠇޔ 10ޔ59ޔ180ޔ598 ߢࠆޕ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߪ৻ㇱߩ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ⚦ಽൻߥߩߢᢛ วᕈߩ⹏ଔߢߪኻ⽎ᄖߣߥࠆޕmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪ ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣߪή㑐ଥߢࠅޔ4 ᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ349 ߣ 5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ 824 ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇޔߔߴߡߩಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙ ߪ1,173 ߣߥࠆޕߥ߅ޔSITC-R1 ߩಽ㘃♽ߣߒ ߡߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙߪ1 ߩ SITC-R1 ߇ෳ⠨ߦߥࠆޕ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙߪ 598 ߢࠆ߇ޔߘߩਛ߆ࠄ349 ࠍᏅߒᒁߚ 249 ߪ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ⚦ಽߐࠇߚߎߣߦߥ ࠆޕᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߣߒߡޔ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߣmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ✚ว⺋Ꮕ߅ࠃ߮ຠಽ㘃ߩ ⺋Ꮕߪ೨⠪ࠃࠅᓟ⠪ߩ߶߁߇ߦዋߥߊߥߞߡ ࠆߩߢޔ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ⚦ಽൻߦࠃࠅࠊ4 ᣣᧄャߦ߅ߌࠆ SITC-R1 ߩᢛวᕈ⹏ଔߩߚߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ⷐ⚂㧔1977㧕 P ) (k C P Error of P World ) 1 ( C Error of C(1) Total ) 2 ( C Error of C(2) Total ) 3 ( C Error of C(3) Total ) 4 ( C Error of C(4) Total mdcc Error of mdcc Total mdcc* Error of mdcc* Total 㧔ᚲ㧕UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩ SITC-R1 ߦ߅ߌࠆႎ๔࿖ᣣᧄߩ 1977 ᐕャߦၮߠ߈⪺⠪ᚑޕ 㧔ᵈ㧕නߪ1US$ߢࠆޕ╙ 1 ┨ߩ 3 ߦၮߠߡ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬขᒁ㗵ⷐ⚂ߩᚑޕmdcc*ߪᱜߐࠇߚ⾏ᤃ࠺ ࠲ߦኻߔࠆmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢࠆޕ 5 ᣣᧄャߦ߅ߌࠆ SITC-R1 ߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢛวᕈ⹏ଔ㧔1977㧕 ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ y v( WT, ) e(k) d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 ec(k)ec,p(k) ep(k)ec,p(k) ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ ᱜ೨ߩ 70%QOVTCFG ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ FKIKVNGXGNQHENCUUKHKECVKQP FKIKVNGXGNQHENCUUKHKECVKQP FKIKVNGXGNQHENCUUKHKECVKQP FKIKVNGXGNQHENCUUKHKECVKQP OFEE ᱜᓟߩ 70%QOVTCFG ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ OFEE ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆
㧔ᚲ㧕ᱜ೨ߩUN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߪᧄ┨ߩ㒝1 ࠃࠅ1977 ᐕࠍᒁ↪ޔᱜᓟߩUN Comtrade
⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߪᧄ┨ߩ㒝2 ࠃࠅ 1977 ᐕࠍᒁ↪ޕ
6 ᣣᧄャߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼㑆ߩ⺋Ꮕߣᢛวᕈ⹏ଔߩຠಽ㘃ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⺋Ꮕߩ㑐ଥ㧔1977㧕 1 k p q D(cx(k)) ec(k)ec,p(k) ec(k1)ec,p(k1) D ว⸘ OFEE 㧔ᚲ㧕4 ߦหߓޕ 㧔ᵈ㧕╙1 ┨ߩ 9 ࠍෳᾖߔࠆߎߣޕනߪ 1US$ߢࠆޕ⛘ኻ⺋Ꮕߩ⹏ଔၮḰD*ߪ1US$ߢࠆޕ 7 ᣣᧄャߩ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ⺋Ꮕ㧔1977㧕 k v(c(k),W) k N c
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ว⸘ 㧔ᚲ㧕4 ߦหߓޕ 㧔ᵈ㧕╙1 ┨ߩ 11 ࠍෳᾖߔࠆߎߣޕᏀㄝߣฝㄝ߇ߘࠇߙࠇಽ߆ࠇߡ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕනߪ 1US$ߢࠆޕ ߕ߆ߢߪࠆ߇ᢛวᕈ߇㜞߹ߞߚߎߣߦߥࠆޕ ᣣᧄャߩ1977ᐕߦ߅ߌࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ 㑆ߩ⺋Ꮕߣᢛวᕈ⹏ଔߩຠಽ㘃ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⺋Ꮕߩ 㑐ଥߪ6ߦ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ6ߩᏀ߇ᩴࡌ࡞ ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼㑆ߩ⺋Ꮕޔฝߪᢛวᕈߦ߅ߌࠆຠ ಽ㘃ߩ⺋Ꮕߢࠆޕ╙1┨ߩ㧔3-16㧕ᑼߢߐࠇߡ ࠆ೨⠪ߩ⺋ᏅߩD(cx(k))ߣᓟ⠪ߩ⺋Ꮕߩd߇6 ߩk1߇0߆ࠄ4ߦ߅ߡ৻⥌ߒߡࠆߎߣࠍ⏕߆ ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆ ᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߦ߅ߡ5ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪਇ น⢻ߥߩߢᰳ៊୯ޟ . ޠߢߒߡࠆޕ ╙1┨ߩ㧔3-15㧕ᑼߩC(k)*ߦ߅ߡޔC(4)*ߪ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߦ0ߢߥ߽ߩ߇ሽ ߒޔߒ߆߽D(c(k))߇0ߢߥ4ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅߢࠆޕߔߥࠊߜޔห৻4ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼ࠍᜬߟ5ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߩ ߣห৻4ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵߇Ყセน⢻ ߥ4ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅߢࠆޕߒߚ߇ߞ ߡޔ5ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍᜬߟ4ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߣߘߩਅࡌ࡞ߩ5ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߩߩᏅߪޔ╙1┨ߩ㧔3-11㧕ᑼࠃ ࠅޔ (2-1) 129 ) ), ) 4 ( (( ) ), 4 ( ( )) 4 ( ( * * * ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( x u¦
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W c v W c v c C c C c C c D ߣߥࠆޕ㧔2-1㧕ᑼߪ6ߩk1߇5ߩⴕߦ␜ߐࠇߡ ࠆޕᣣᧄャߩ1977ᐕߦ߅ߡmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߪ4ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ5ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߆ ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇޔ3ᩴࡌ࡞એߩಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪሽߒߥޕmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ⺋Ꮕߪ╙1┨ߩ㧔3-20㧕ᑼ ߢߐࠇޔ (2-2) ( ( )) ( (4)) 3,426 4 4\ 3 0
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x k c c M N c k D D ߣߥࠆޕN4 \ M4ߪ4ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩਛߢਅ ࡌ࡞ߩ5ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߇ሽߔࠆ߽ߩ ߩ㓸߹ࠅߢࠅޔ(N4 \M4)C(4)*ߥߩߢޔ * * 4 4 4 4 \M {(N \M )\C(4) } C(4) N ߣಽഀߢ߈ࠆޕߎߩಽഀߦࠃࠅᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩ⺋Ꮕߪޔ )) 4 ( ( )) 4 ( ( )) 4 ( ( * * 4 4 4 4 ) 4 ( ) 4 ( \ ) \ ( \ c c c C c C M N c M N c D D D¦
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ߣߥࠆޕ(N4 \M4)\C(4)*ߪD(c(4))߇0ߣߥࠆ߽4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅߢࠆߚޔߎߩᑼ ߩฝㄝߩ╙2㗄⋡ߪ0ߣߥࠆߩߢޔ (2-3) ( (4)) ( (4)) * 4 4\ (4) c c C c M N c D D¦
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߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆޕ㧔2-2㧕ᑼߦ㧔2-3㧕ᑼࠍઍߒߡޔ (2-4) ( ( )) ( (4)) 3,426 * ) 4 ( 3 0¦
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x k c c C c k D D ߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆޕ6ߦ߅ߡᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ ⺋Ꮕߩߪmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆᢛวᕈ⺋Ꮕߩ ຠಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߣ৻⥌ߒޔ-3,426ߣߥࠆޕ 7ߪᣣᧄャߩ1977ᐕߩmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ ߌࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ⺋Ꮕࠍߒߡ߅ࠅޔએ ਅߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡᚑߐࠇࠆޕmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ ߌࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣߘߩ⺋Ꮕߩ㑐ଥߩ৻⥸ ᑼߪ╙1┨ߩ㧔3-18㧕ᑼߢ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕߎߩᑼߦ ߅ߡޔN0ࠍߔߴߡߩຠߢࠆTotalޔM0 Iߣ ߅ߌ߫ޔN0 \M0 N0 Totalޔߣߥࠅޔߎߩᑼߦ ኻߔࠆk 0ߪ╙1┨ߩ㧔3-17㧕ᑼߦኻᔕߔࠆޕߎߩ ߎߣ߆ࠄޔ╙1┨ߩ㧔3-18㧕ᑼߪk߇0ߢ߽ᚑࠅ┙ߟ ߎߣߦߥࠆޕ5߆ࠄmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪ4ᩴࡌ࡞ ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ5ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߒ߆ሽߒߥ ߚޔk 13ߦኻߒߡޔMk I ߥߩߢޔ ) (k C Nk ޔN \k Mk Nk C(k)ߣߥࠅޔNk1 )} ( ), ( | {Z cC k ZDS c ߥߩߢޔNk1 C(k1) ߇ᚑࠅ┙ߟޕߔߥࠊߜޔk 14ߦኻߒߡޔ ) (k C Nk ߣߥࠆޕߐࠄߦޔ╙1┨ߩ㧔3-18㧕ᑼߪޔ 3 1 k ߦኻߒߡޔ (2-5) ) ( ) ), 1 ( ( ) ), ( ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) ( c W k c v W k c v k C c k C c k C c D¦
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ߣߐࠇޔᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵✚㗵ߩޔ (2-6) )) ( ( ) ), 1 ( ( ) ), ( ( k c W k c v W k c v x x x D ߣߥࠆޕߎߩᑼߪ╙1┨ߩ㧔3-14㧕ᑼߢࠆޕ╙1 ┨ߩ㧔3-18㧕ᑼߦ߅ߡk 4ߣߔࠇ߫ޔM4 zIߢ ࠅޔN 4 C(4)ߥߩߢޔ (2-7) )) 4 ( ( ) ), 5 ( ( ) ), 4 ( ( ) ), 4 ( ( 4 5 4 \ ) 4 ( ) 4 ( c W c v W c v W c v M C c N c M c C c D¦
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ߢࠆޕຠಽ㘃ߪSITC-R1ߢࠅޔ5ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼ߪή᧦ઙߦmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣߥࠆߩߢޔ 5 5 M N ߢࠆޕ╙1┨ߩ㧔3-18㧕ᑼߦ߅ߡkࠍ 5ߣߔࠇ߫ޔM5 zIߢࠅޔN 5 M5ߥߩߢޔ I 5 5\ M M ߣߥࠅޔmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆ5ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ⺋Ꮕߪ0ߣߥࠆޕ mdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩߔߴߡߩขᒁ㗵ߩߪ㧔2-4㧕 ᑼࠍ↪ߔࠇ߫ޔ (2-8) )) 4 ( ( ) ), 4 ( ( ) , ( ) , ( 4 \ ) 4 ( 5 4 c W c v W c v W c v M C c M c k M c k D¦
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x ߣߥࠆޕᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߦ߅ߡޔmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߩຠಽ㘃ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ⺋Ꮕߪ╙1┨ߩ㧔3-24㧕ᑼߦ ߅ߡޔk 13ߦኻߒߡMk Iߢᓧࠄࠇޔ (2-9) ( , ) ) , ( ) ( ) ( , W c v W T v mdcc e mdcc e M c p c c¦
8 ᣣᧄャߦ߅ߌࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߣߘߩਅࡌ࡞ߩߘࠇߩߩᢛวᕈ㧔1977㧕 ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ 1 k c p q D(c) k1 c p q D(c) ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ 㨯 㨯 㨯 㨯 㨯 㨯 㨯 㨯 㨯 㨯 㨯 㨯 ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ 㧔ᚲ㧕UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩ SITC-R1 ߦ߅ߌࠆႎ๔࿖ᣣᧄߩ 1977 ᐕャߣ⪺⠪ᚑߦࠃࠆᩴࡌ࡞ᢛวᕈߩ⹏ ଔᚑࡊࡠࠣࡓၮߠ߈⪺⠪ᚑޕ 㧔ᵈ㧕ᧄߪ╙1 ┨ߩ 8 ࠍၮ␆ߣߒߡᚑߐࠇߡࠆޕขᒁ㗵ߩනߪ 1US$ߢࠅޔ⛘ኻ⺋ᏅߩᱜၮḰDk*ࠍ 1US$ߣߒߡࠆޕ
ߢࠆޕ㧔2-6㧕ᑼߩฝㄝߩ╙2㗄⋡߳㧔2-5㧕ᑼࠍ ઍߔࠇ߫ޔ (2-10) )) 4 ( ( )) ( ( )) 4 ( ( ) ), 4 ( ( ) , ( ) ( ) ( 4 4 \ ) 4 ( 3 0 \ ) 4 ( , c k c c W c v W T v mdcc e mdcc e M C c k M C c p c c D D D
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x x ߣߥࠅޔߘߩ୯ߪ-3,426ߢࠆޕߎࠇࠄࠍ߹ߣߚ ߩ߇7ߢࠆޕߎߩ߆ࠄޔmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩข ᒁ㗵ߩߔߴߡߩߪ4ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ5ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆߘࠇߙࠇߩmdccಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩߩ70,560,468,322ߣߥࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇࠆޕ߹ ߚޔߎߩ߆ࠄ4ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ5ᩴࡌ࡞ ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙ߇349ߣ824ߢࠅޔ5ߢ␜ߐࠇ ߚmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙߣ৻⥌ߒߡࠆޕ ᣣᧄャߩ1977ᐕߦ߅ߌࠆSITC-R1ߩᩴࡌ࡞ ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߣߘߩਅࡌ࡞ߩߘࠇߩ ߩᢛวᕈࠍ␜ߒߡࠆߩ߇8ߢࠆޕ↪ߒߚข ᒁ㗵ߪ⋧ᚻ࿖⇇ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡࠆޕ8ߢߪຠ ಽ㘃߇SITC-R1ߥߩߢޔಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᩴࡌ࡞ߩk ߪ1߆ࠄ5߹ߢߣߥࠆޕ߹ߚޔ⛘ኻ⺋ᏅߩᱜၮḰD* ࠍ1ߣߒߡࠆߚޔ8ߦ߅ߡD( kc( ))߇1એ ߩಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߇⺋Ꮕߣߒߡ␜ߐࠇޔᢛวᕈ߇ ⸽ߐࠇߡࠆD( kc( ))߇0ߢࠆಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪ⋭⇛ ߐࠇߡࠆޕ߃߫ޔ1ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢ )) 1 ( (c D ߇0ߣߥࠆߩߪ㨧1㨩ߩ1ሽߒޔ2ᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢD(c(2))߇0ߣߥࠆߩߪޔ㨧00, 07, 08, 22, 23, 25, 29, 32, 34, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 81, 82, 83, 85, 93, 94, 95, 96㨩ߩ25ሽ ߔࠆ 6 ޕ 8 ߦ߅ߡk1߇1 ߢc ߇ⓨ⊕ߩ▎ᚲߪຠ ✚㗵ߩv( WT, )ߣ1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵 ߩߩᲧセߢࠅޔ㧔2-6㧕ᑼߦ߅ߌࠆ k ߇ 1 ߦኻ ᔕߒޔ⺋ᏅߩD(c)ߪ-848 ߢࠆޕߎߩ⺋Ꮕߪ 6 ߦ߅ߌࠆk1߇1ޔ 7 ߩ k ߇ 0 ߦߘࠇߙࠇኻᔕ ߔࠆޕc ߦ߅ߡ 1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣߘߩข ᒁ㗵ߩߘࠇߙࠇߩౝ⸶߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕk1߇2 ߆ࠄ4 ߹ߢߪ 1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣหߓࠃ߁ߦ ␜ߐࠇࠆޕຠಽ㘃߇ SITC-R1 ߢࠆߚޔ 1 k ߇5ߩߣ߈ߪ4ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ5ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᲧセߣߥࠆޕߔߴߡߩ4 ᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦਅࡌ࡞ߩ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼߇ઃߡࠆࠊߌߢߪߥߩߢޔᩴࡌ࡞㑆ߩ ᲧセߪᗧࠍߥߐߥޕߘߩߚߦޔC(4)*ߩಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍណ↪ߒߡᲧセߔࠆޕ8 ߦ߅ߡ c ߇* ߢߐࠇߡࠆߣߎࠈ߇ߘࠇߦኻᔕߔࠆޕ5 ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ߢߘࠇߦᒰߚࠆߩ߇⺋ᏅD(c)ߣߒߡޔ -129 ߢ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ 6 ߢߪ߹ߞߚߊหߓࠃ߁ ߦߐࠇߡࠆ߇ޔ7 ߢߪ⺋Ꮕߪ-129 ߣ৻⥌ߒ ߡࠆ߽ߩߩޔmdcc ߩಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߩࠍ ࠎߢࠆߚޔ␜ᣇᴺ߇⇣ߥߞߡࠆޕ ೨ㅀߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㒝 1 ߪ⛘ኻ⺋ᏅߩᱜၮḰ * D ࠍ 1 ߣ⸳ቯߒߡᚑߐࠇߡࠆ߇ޔߎߩၮḰ * D ࠍ 3,000US$ߣߔࠇ߫ޔႎ๔࿖ߩᣣᧄߪ 1 ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߆ࠄ3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦࠃࠆ ᢛวᕈ⹏ଔߦ߅ߡ✚ว⺋Ꮕߩe ߇ዊߐߊޔຠ ಽ㘃߅ࠃ߮⋧ᚻ࿖ߦߟߡߣ߽ߦᢛวᕈ߇ߚࠇ ߡࠆߎߣࠍߒߡࠆޕၮḰࠍ3,000 ߣߒߚߩ ߪ1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆ✚ว⺋Ꮕߩᦨᄢ ߇1977 ᐕߩ-2,267 ߢࠆߚޔߎߩ୯ࠃࠅᄢ߈ߥ ୯ࠍ⸳ቯߒߚߎߣߦࠃࠆޕ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߦ߅ߡ2002 ᐕએ㒠ߦ⋧ኻ⺋Ꮕߦߒߡ2%એߣ ߥࠆᢛวᕈߩᰳᅤ߇ࠄࠇޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߦ ߪᢛวᕈ߇ߚࠇߡࠆߚޔߎࠇࠄߩ⺋Ꮕߪߔ ߴߡຠಽ㘃ߦࠃߞߡ↢ߓߚ߽ߩߢࠆߣ್ᢿߐ ࠇࠆޕ࿑1 ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ⺋Ꮕߩ↢ߓߡࠆᐕᐲߪᣣ ᧄߢߪHS2002 ᐕᐲ ߩಽ㘃ߢࠅޔ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ⺋ᏅߪHS2002 ᐕᐲ᧼߆ࠄ SITC-R1 ߳ߩᄌ឵ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ 㒝1 ߩ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦߟߡߪ✚ว⺋Ꮕ ߦᄢ߈ߥ୯߇↢ߓߡࠆᐕᐲߪ1962ޔ1963ޔ1965ޔ 1967 ߩฦᐕᐲߣ 1988 ᐕએ㒠ߢࠅޔߎࠇࠄߩ⺋ Ꮕߦߟߡ߽ߔߴߡຠಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆߣ್ᢿߐࠇࠆޕ 2001ᐕએ೨ߩ⺋Ꮕߪ4ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢߪ⺋ Ꮕ߇↢ߓߡߥߩߢޔၮᧄಽ㘃㧔item㧕ߢࠆ9 ᱜߐࠇߚᣣᧄャߦ߅ߌࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߣਅࡌ࡞ߩߘߩߩᢛวᕈ㧔1977㧕 ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ 1 k c p q D(c) k1 c p q D(c) ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ 㨯 O 㨯 O 㨯 O 㨯 O 㨯 O 㨯 O 㨯 O 㨯 㨯 O 㨯 O 㨯 O ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ 㧔ᚲ㧕8 ߦหߓޕ 㧔ᵈ㧕ຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᦨᓟߩᩴߦ m ߇ઃߡࠆߩ߇ᱜߐࠇߚಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢࠆޕ⛘ኻ⺋Ꮕߩ⹏ଔၮḰD*ߪ 1US$ߢࠆޕ
4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ 5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ ߩ㑆ߢ⊒↢ߒߚߎߣ߇ᗐቯߐࠇࠆޕߣߎࠈ߇2002 ᐕએ㒠ߢߪޔၮᧄಽ㘃ߣߩ㑆ߢߪ⺋Ꮕߦᄌൻ߇↢ ߓߡߥߩߢ3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ 4 ᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣߩ㑆ߢ⊒↢ߒߚߣᗐቯߐࠇࠆޕ ႎ๔࿖ߩ㖧࿖ߪ㒝3ߦࠃࠅ⛘ኻ⺋Ꮕߩᱜၮ ḰD ࠍ1ߣߒߡᢛวᕈ⹏ଔ߇ᚑߐࠇߡࠆޕߎ* ߩၮḰD ࠍ3,000US$ߣߔࠇ߫ޔ1ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ* ࠼ߢߊߟ߆ߩᐕᐲߦ߅ߡߔߢߦ✚ว⺋Ꮕߦ ᄢ߈ߥ୯ߢߪߥ߇⺋Ꮕ߇↢ߓߡ߅ࠅޔหᐕ߅ࠃ ߮ߘࠇએᄖߩᐕᐲߦ߅ߡ߽2ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼߆ࠄ4ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ⺋Ꮕ߇↢ߓߡࠆޕ ⺋Ꮕߩᄢ߈ߥᐕᐲߪ1988ᐕએ㒠߆ࠄ1998ᐕ߹ߢߦ 㓸ਛߒߡࠆ߇ޔߎߩᦼ㑆ߪ㖧࿖ߢߪHS1988ᐕᐲ ߣHS1996ᐕᐲ ߩಽ㘃ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆޕ✚ว⺋Ꮕߪ HSߩਔᐕᐲ ߆ࠄSITC-R1߳ߩᄌ឵ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߣ ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ4ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢߪ⺋Ꮕߪ2001 ᐕએ㒠ߦ߽ኻ⽎߇ᐢ߇ߞߡ߅ࠅޔߒ߆߽ޔߎࠇࠄ ߪߔߴߡຠಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߣߥߞߡࠆޕmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦߟߡߪ✚ว⺋Ꮕߦᄢ߈ߥ୯߇↢ߓ ߡࠆᐕᐲߪ1962߆ࠄ1967߹ߢߩฦᐕᐲߣ1988ᐕ એ㒠ߢࠅޔߎࠇࠄߩ⺋Ꮕߪߔߴߡຠಽ㘃ߦࠃ ࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ
3㧚⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߌࠆਇᢛวߩᱜ
UN Comtrade⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߢߪฦᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ㓏ጀ᭴ㅧߩຠಽ㘃♽ߦ߅ ߡᢛวᕈߩࠆ⁁ᘒߣ߁ߩߪਅࡌ࡞ಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ว⸘߇ኻᔕߔࠆࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߣ৻⥌ߒߡࠆߎߣߢࠆޕᧄ┨ߩ ᱜߩᣇᴺߪkᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߣkᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߇ห৻ߢࠆߔߴߡߩk1ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ว⸘ߩᏅ߇ᄢ߈ߣ߈ߪ 1 k ᩴࡌ࡞ߩಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦᱜ㗄⋡ࠍㅊടߒߡ ᢛวᕈࠍߟߎߣࠍឭ᩺ߒߡࠆޕᧄ▵ߢߪᢛว ᕈߦᰳߌࠆ⁁ᘒߢߞߚon-lineߦࠃࠆUN Comtrad e⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩmdccߦ߅ߌࠆႎ๔࿖ᣣᧄ߅ࠃ߮㖧 ࿖ߩਇᢛวߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼㑆ߩขᒁ㗵ߩ⁁ ᘒࠍᬌ⸛ߒޔน⢻ߢࠇ߫ߘߩᱜࠍ⹜ߺࠆޕᧄ ┨ߢߪᱜ᧦ઙߢࠆ╙1┨ߩ㧔4-2㧕ᑼߦ߅ߡ ᱜၮḰߩD ߦ1US$ࠍ⸳ቯߒߡࠆ߇ޔ⋧ኻᱜၮ* Ḱߪណ↪ߒߡߥޕᱜߪ╙1┨ߩ㧔4-5㧕ᑼࠍ ᚑߔࠆߎߣߢ߅ߎߥ߁ޕ ᣣᧄャߩ1977ᐕࠍߣߒߚᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߪ5ޔᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩข ᒁ㗵ߣߘߩਅࡌ࡞ߩߘࠇߩߩᢛวᕈߪ8 ߦ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ5ߩ1ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ ຠಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߩ-848ߪ8ߦ߅ߌࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼㑆ߩ⺋ᏅD(cx(0),W)ߦ৻⥌ߔࠆޕᱜߪ1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᱜ㗄⋡ߣߒߡಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߩ㨧m㨩ߦኻߒߡޔv(m,W) D(cx(0)) 848ޔߣ ߒߡᚑߒޔߎࠇࠍరߩ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦട߃ߡޔ╙1 ┨ߩ㧔4-5㧕ᑼࠍᚑߔࠆߎߣߢ߅ߎߥ߁ޕᱜߐ ࠇߚ⚿ᨐߪ9ߦ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕᱜ㗄⋡ߩ㨧m㨩 ࠍട߃ߚ1ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ว⸘ߪ ຠ✚㗵ߦ৻⥌ߒޔᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ⺋Ꮕߪ0ߣ ߥࠆޕ 2ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᱜ߽หߓࠃ߁ߦߒߡ น⢻ߢࠆޕ5ߩ2ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩຠಽ 㘃ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߪ-2,344ߢࠆ߇ޔ6ߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼㑆ߩ⺋Ꮕߣᢛวᕈ⹏ଔߩຠಽ㘃ߦ㑐ࠊ ࠆ⺋Ꮕߩ㑐ଥ߆ࠄࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦk1߇2ߩߣߎࠈ ߆ࠄD(cx(1))ߣd ߇-1,496ߦ৻⥌ߔࠆߎߣ߇⏕߆ ࠄࠇࠆޕߎߩߎߣߪ8ߦ߅ߌࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼㑆ߩ⺋ᏅD(c)߇-1,496ߦߥߞߡࠆߎߣߩᩮ ߢࠆޕ8ߪ⚕㕙ߩㇺว߆ࠄ৻ㇱߒ߆␜ߐࠇ ߡߥ߇ޔߎࠇߦࠃࠇ߫⺋ᏅߪD(0)߇-40ޔ )D(2 ߇192 ̖ D(9)߇-1ߢࠅޔߎߩ⺋Ꮕࠍว⸘ߔࠇ߫ޔ -1,496ߣߥࠆޕᱜߪ2ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᱜ 㗄⋡ߣߒߡಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩc{0,2, ̖ ,9} ߦኻߒߡޔ ) ( ) ), ((c m W c v u D ޔߣߒߡᚑߒޔߎࠇࠍరߩ⾏ ᤃ࠺࠲ߦട߃ߡޔ╙1┨ߩ㧔4-5㧕ᑼࠍᚑߔࠆߎ ߣߢ߅ߎߥ߁ޕᱜߐࠇߚ⚿ᨐߪ9ߦ␜ߐࠇߡ߅ ࠅޔᱜ㗄⋡ߩ㨧0m,2m, ̖ ,9m㨩ࠍട߃ߚ2ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ว⸘ߪຠ✚㗵ߦ৻⥌ߒޔᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ⺋Ꮕߪ0ߣߥࠆޕ3ᩴࡌ࡞ ߆ࠄ5ᩴࡌ࡞߹ߢߩಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦߟߡ߽หߓ ࠃ߁ߦߒߡᱜ㗄⋡߇ᚑߐࠇࠆޕ 9ߢ␜ߐࠇߡࠆࠃ߁ߦޔᱜߐࠇߚᣣᧄャ ߦ߅ߌࠆ1977ᐕߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߣ ਅࡌ࡞ߩߘߩߩᢛวᕈߪߔߴߡߩᩴࡌ࡞ ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߡD( c) 0ߣߥࠅޔᢛวᕈ߇⸽ ߐࠇߡࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇࠆޕߎߩᱜߐࠇߚ⾏ᤃ ࠺࠲ߩmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆขᒁ㗵ⷐ⚂ߪ 4ߩmdcc*ߦ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ4ߩຠಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆ ⺋ᏅߢࠆError of mdccߩⴕ߅ࠃ߮⋧ᚻ࿖ߦࠃࠆ ⺋ᏅߩError of Pߩߪߔߴߡ0ߣߥࠅޔ⺋Ꮕߪᶖ Ṍߒߡࠆޕ߹ߚޔmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦࠃࠆᢛวᕈ ߩ⹏ଔߪ5ߩmdcc*ߦ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕߎߩ߆ࠄ ߽ຠಽ㘃ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦࠃࠆਔ⺋Ꮕ߇0ߣߥߞߡ ࠆߎߣࠍ⏕ߢ߈ࠆޕᱜᷣߺߩ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ ߌࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ߩᢙߪ1ᩴࡌ࡞߆ࠄ5ᩴࡌ ࡞ߩߘࠇߙࠇߩಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦߟߡޔ1, 9, 32, 448, 925 ߣߥߞߡࠆޕᱜ೨ߩ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߌࠆ ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ߩᢙߪ5ߩmdccߦ␜ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ ᱜᷣߺߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙ߆ࠄᱜ೨ ߩߘࠇࠍᏅߒᒁߊߎߣߦࠃࠅᱜ㗄⋡ߩᢙࠍ⍮ࠆ ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ޔ1ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢߪ1ߩჇടޔ 2ᩴࡌ࡞߆ࠄ5ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߹ߢߩჇടߪ ߘࠇߙࠇޔ9, 32, 99, 101ߢࠆޕ 㒝5ߪᱜߐࠇߚᣣᧄャߦ߅ߌࠆ1962ᐕ߆ ࠄ 2005 ᐕ߹ߢߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߣ ਅࡌ࡞ߩߘߩߩᢛวᕈࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆޕ ขᒁ㗵ߩනߪ 1,000US$ߢࠆޕ㒝㧝ߩ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢ␜ߐࠇߡࠆ 1962 ᐕߩຠಽ㘃ߦ ࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߩ7,997㧔නߪ 1,000US$㧕ߪ㒝 5 ߦ ߅ߡ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ 5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩ㑆ߢ↢ߓߚ⺋Ꮕߣߒߡ␜ߐࠇޔ೨⠪ߩಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼㨧2839㨩ߩขᒁ㗵ߣᓟ⠪ߩDS(2839)ߩⷐ ⚛ߣߥࠆ28391 ߣ 28392 ߩขᒁ㗵ߩߦ 7,997 ߩ Ꮕ߇↢ߓߡࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡࠆޕᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔ ߣߩ㑐ଥߢߪec(4)ec, p(4) ߪ 0㧔නߪ 1,000US$㧕ߥߩߢޔD(2838)ߣec(5)ec, p(5)ߪ৻ ⥌ߒߡ7,997 ߣߥࠆޕห 5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߩౝ⸶ߩDS(2839)ߩขᒁ㗵߇q ߣߒߡ␜ߐࠇ ߡࠆޕᱜߐࠇߚ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߢߪ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼ߢ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍ㨧2838㨩ߣߒ ߡ ߽ ߟ ᢛ ว ᕈ ߩ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ߪ ޔDS(2838)* ) 2838 ( ) 2838 ( m DS ߣߥࠆޕ1962 ᐕߦ߅ߡㅊ ടߐࠇߚᱜ㗄ߪ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ 2838m ߩ1 ߩߺߢࠆޕ㒝 1 ߩ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ ߅ߡ 5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙࠍࠊߔd5 ߪ857 ߢࠆޕߘࠇߦኻߒߡޔᱜߐࠇߚᢛวᕈ ߩ⹏ଔߢࠆ㒝2 ߦ߅ߡd ߪ5 870 ߢࠅޔ ᱜߩߚߦಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ 13 ߇ㅊടߐࠇߚߎ ߣࠍ⏕ߢ߈ࠆޕ 㒝1ߩ2002ᐕએ㒠ߦߪ4ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߆ࠄਇᢛวߩ⁁ᘒ߇ࠊࠇߡࠆޕหߦ߅ߡ mdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ⺋Ꮕߪ4ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ ห㗵ߢࠆߚޔߎߩ⺋Ꮕߪ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߦࠃߞߡ↢ߓߡࠆߣ್ᢿߐࠇࠆޕ㒝5 ߆ࠄ 2004 ᐕࠍߣߒߡขࠅߍࠆޕ2004 ᐕߦߟߡ⺋ Ꮕ߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆߩߪDS(332)ߣDS(641)ߩ2 ▎ ᚲߢࠅޔߎࠇࠍว⸘ߔࠆߣ10,909,055 ߣߥࠅޔ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺋Ꮕߦ৻⥌ߔࠆޕߎ ߩ⺋Ꮕߪ߹ߚ㒝 1 ߩ 4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ 2004 ᐕߣ߽৻⥌ߔࠆޕᱜߪ 332m ߣ 641m ࠍㅊ ടߔࠆߎߣߢ߅ߎߥޔ೨⠪ߪDS(332)* ) 332 ( ) 332 ( m DS ޔᓟ⠪ߪDS(641)*ߢࠆޕ2004 ᐕߦ߅ߡㅊടߐࠇߚᱜ㗄ߪ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩ332mߣ641mߩ2 ߢࠆޕ㒝1 ߩmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߡ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙ ࠍࠊߔd ߪ4 345 ߢࠆޕߘࠇߦኻߒߡޔ㒝 2 ߦ߅ߡd ߪ4 347 ߣߥࠅޔᱜߩߚߦ 2 ߇ㅊ ടߐࠇߚߎߣ߇⏕ߢ߈ࠆޕ 㖧࿖ャߩߣߒߡޔ㒝3 ߦ߅ߌࠆ 3 ᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩਛߢ✚ว⺋Ꮕ߇ᦨᄢߣߥࠆ 1992 ᐕࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆޕ㒝3 ߦ߅ߡ 1992 ᐕߪ 2 ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߆ࠄ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦߟ ߡ✚ว⺋Ꮕ߅ࠃ߮ຠಽ㘃ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⺋Ꮕߪ⋧ኻ⊛ ߦᄢ߈ߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇࠆޕ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⺋Ꮕ߇
10 ᱜၮḰ *D ߦࠃࠆᣣᧄャߩ SITC-R1 ߩᱜߐࠇߚ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢛวᕈ⹏ଔ㧔1977㧕 ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ * D e d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 ecec,p ep ec,p ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ 㧔ᚲ㧕4 ߦหߓޕ 㧔ᵈ㧕ขᒁ㗵ߩනߪ1US$ߢࠆޕ 5 ߩᢛวᕈ⹏ଔߦหߓޕ ⋧ኻ⊛ߦዊߐߚ✚ว⺋Ꮕߪߔߴߡຠಽ㘃ߦ ࠃࠆ߽ߩߣ್ᢿߢ߈ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ㒝6 ߩ 1992 ᐕߦ ߅ߡᩴࡌ࡞ࠍࠊߔk1߇2 ߢࠆ⛘ኻ⺋ ᏅߩD(c)ߩ0 ߢߪߥ߽ߩߪޔDS(6)ޔDS(7)ޔ ) 8 ( S D ߩ3 ߇ሽߒޔ )D(c ߪߘࠇߙࠇ274ޔ5335ޔ 226ߢࠆޕߎߩ3ߩ⺋Ꮕߩว⸘ߪ5,833ߣߥࠅޔ c ߇*ߩ▎ᚲߦ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ␜⊛ߦߪ␜ߒߡ ߥ߇ޔ2 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᱜߪ 2 ᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ6mޔ7mޔ8m ߦኻߒߡ⛘ኻ⺋Ꮕࠍ ߘࠇߙࠇኻᔕߐߖߡ 3 ߩᱜ㗄ࠍᚑߒޔ * ) 6 ( S D ޔDS(7)*ޔDS(8*)ߣߔࠆߎߣߢน⢻ߣߥ ࠆޕ㒝3 ߩ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߡd ߪ2 0 ߢ ࠆߩߦኻߒߡޔ㒝4 ߦ߅ߡd ߪ2 3 ߣߥࠅޔ ᱜߩߚߦ3 ߇ㅊടߐࠇߚߎߣ߇⏕ߢ߈ࠆޕ 3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߆ࠄ 5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼߹ߢߪ㒝3 ߦ߅ߡ✚ว⺋Ꮕ߅ࠃ߮ຠಽ㘃 ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⺋Ꮕߪ⋧ኻ⊛ߦᄢ߈ߊޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ ⺋Ꮕ߇⋧ኻ⊛ߦዊߐߚߎࠇࠄߩ✚ว⺋Ꮕߪ ຠಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߣ್ᢿߢ߈ࠆ 6 ޕ㒝3ߩmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߡ1992 ᐕߩd ޔ3 d ޔ4 d ޔߪ5 ߘࠇߙࠇ0ޔ348ޔ797 ߢࠆߩߦኻߒߡ㒝 4 ߦ ߅ߌࠆ1992 ᐕߩd ޔ3 d ޔ4 d ޔߪߘࠇߙࠇ5 16ޔ 357ޔ798 ߢࠆޕ㒝 4 ߩຠಽ㘃ߩᢙ߆ࠄ㒝 3 ߩߘࠇࠍᏅߒᒁߚ߽ߩ߇ㅊടߐࠇߚᢙߥ ߩߢޔ3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߆ࠄ 5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼߹ߢߪᱜߩߚߦ16 ޔ9 ޔ1 ߇ߘ ࠇߙࠇㅊടߐࠇߚߎߣ߇⏕ߢ߈ࠆޕ ⛘ኻ⺋ᏅߩᱜၮḰD ࠍᧄ┨ߢߪ 1US$ߣ⸳ቯ* ߒߡࠆ߇ޔ⛘ኻ⺋ᏅߩᱜၮḰࠍᄌൻߐߖࠆߎ ߣߦࠃࠅᢛวᕈߩ✚ว⺋Ꮕ߽ᄌൻߒޔߘࠇߦᔕߓ ߡᱜࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙ߽ᄌൻߔࠆޕ 10 ߦ⹏ଔၮḰD ࠍᄌൻߐߖߚߣ߈ߦᓧࠄࠇࠆ* ᣣᧄャ߅ߦߌࠆ1977 ᐕߩᱜᷣߺmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩᢛวᕈ⹏ଔ߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ⹏ଔၮḰ߇ 0 ߩߣ߈ߪ✚ว⺋Ꮕ߇0 ߢࠅޔᱜᷣߺ mdcc ಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙߪᩴࡌ࡞ ߇1 ߆ࠄ 5 ߦኻߒߡߘࠇߙࠇޔ1, 9, 32, 458, 950 ߣ ߥߞߡࠆޕ⹏ଔၮḰ߇1 ߩߣ߈ߪ✚ว⺋Ꮕ߇ 0 ߢࠅޔᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙߪᩴࡌ࡞߇ 1 ߆ࠄ 5 ߦኻߒߡߘࠇߙࠇޔ1, 9, 32, 448, 925 ߣߥ
11 ᣣᧄャߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼㑆ߩ⺋ᏅߣᱜၮḰ *D ߦࠃࠆലߣߥࠆಽ㘃ࠦ࠼㧔1977㧕 ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ c v( Wc, ) v((cux),W) D(c) D* 1 10 50 100 500 1000 ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ (ࡌ࡞߇ߔߴߡߩຠߢࠆಽ㘃ࠦ࠼) 616#.33333㨯 ว⸘ (ࡌ࡞߇ 1 ᩴߢࠆಽ㘃ࠦ࠼) 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 3333㨯㨯 333333 3㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 333㨯㨯㨯 3333㨯㨯 3333㨯㨯 333㨯㨯㨯 3㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 ว⸘ (ࡌ࡞߇ 2 ᩴߢࠆಽ㘃ࠦ࠼) 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 3㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 3333㨯㨯 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 3㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 3㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 3㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 3333㨯㨯 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 3㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 3333㨯㨯 33333㨯 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 3㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 3㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 3㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 3㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 3㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 3㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 3㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 3㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 33㨯㨯㨯㨯 ว⸘ ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ 㧔ᚲ㧕4 ߦหߓޕ
