最近の更新履歴 kaimunantai

(1)

カウントダウン・コルクボード

2017

年

₂

月

₁₉

日皆無軟体

₂₄

時間、

₁

時間、

₁

分、

₁

秒間隔でカウントダウンしていくボード。　コルクボードになっているため、紙などを貼り付けて飾れる。

　使用部品と回路図

　内部は、

_CPU

基板、

₇

セグメント

_LED

駆動回路基板、

₇

セグメント

_LED

ピン変換基板に分割されている。

　筐体には

₁₀₀

均ショップのコルクボードを使用した。この製品はコルクが薄いため、ピンを刺すと

(2)

＜

CPU

基板＞

回路図

部品名規格等

AVR

マイコン

_{ATmega168P (ATmega328P}

でも動作するが、ファームウェアの

_Makefile

を書き換える必要がある）

IC

ソケット

_28PIN

水晶振動子

_10MHz

電池ボックス及びバッテリスナップ

押しボタンスイッチオルタネート動作

AC

アダプタ用コネクタ

セラミックコンデンサ

_{33pF 2}

個、

_{0.1uF 7}

個

カーボン抵抗器

_10kΩ

タクトスイッチ

₅

個

圧電スピーカ

ユニバーサル基板ブレッドボード互換

(3)

　＜

7 セグメント

LED

駆動回路基板＞

&

＜ピン変換基板＞

　回路図

　部品表

部品名規格等

トランジスタアレイ

_8ch-

ダーリントンシンクドライバ　

_TD62084APG

IC

ソケット

_18PIN

PNP

トランジスタ

_{2SA1015 4}

個

7

セグメント

_LED

青色、４桁、

_OSL-40562-IB

カーボン抵抗器

_{2.2kΩ 4}

個、

_{150Ω 7}

個

ユニバーサル基板ブレッドボード互換

(4)

　別の

₇

セグメント

_LED

に交換する場合は、

₇

セグメント

_LED

ピン変換基板を交換すればよい。明るい

_LED

に交換するには、より多くの電流を制御するため、

₇

セグメント

_LED

駆動回路基板のトランジスタ類の交換が必要になる場合がある。

　今回の製品で使用した

₇

セグメント

_LED

は

OSL-40562-IB

で、４桁の７セグメント

_LED

がカスケード接続されている。ピン配置は図のとおり。

(5)

　裏面の操作パネルには、５個のタクトスイッチ、電源スイッチ、

_ISP

用コネクタ、

_AC

アダプタジャックがある。

(6)

ファームウェア・ソースコード（AVR-GCC 用）

/* *

* 7-segment LED x 4 digit Display Count Down Timer ( EEPROM Backup) * Programmed By Kaimunantai 2016/05/05

* clock 10MHz , div8 *

*/

/*

* PD0, 1, 2, 3, 5 : Push Button Switch : OFF=1, ON=0 * PD2/INT0 : interrupt

*/

#include <avr/io.h>

#include <avr/interrupt.h> #include <avr/eeprom.h>

#define INITIAL_NUMBER 9999 //#define INITIAL_NUMBER 365 //#define INITIAL_NUMBER 30

/*

* clock int.8MHz, div8 : Timer0 1 count = 0.100352 sec. * clock crystal 10MHz, div 8: Timer0 1 count = 0.0999424 sec. * clock crystal 10MHz : Timer0 1 count = 0.019968 sec.

* ( OCR0A / clock frequency * 1024 ) */

//#define TIMER0_LIMIT_1DAY 4326923L // 24 hour. NG. may be 86634 sec. about 7.4min over.

//#define TIMER0_LIMIT_1DAY 4282316L // 24 hour. NG. may be 85741 sec. about 7.5min short.

//#define TIMER0_LIMIT_1DAY 4294244L // 24 hour. NG. may be 86190 sec. about 3.5min short.

//#define TIMER0_LIMIT_1DAY 4304707L // 24 hour. clock 10MHz, 1sec = 49.82299571 ? Timer0, 17sec / 12 day over

//#define TIMER0_LIMIT_1DAY 4304636L // 24 hour. clock 10MHz, 1sec early / 4 day (Timer0)

//#define TIMER0_LIMIT_1DAY 4304648L // 24 hour. clock 10MHz, 2sec late / 14days (Timer0)

#define TIMER0_LIMIT_1DAY 4304640L // 24 hour. clock 10MHz Timer0 //#define TIMER0_LIMIT 180288L // 3600 sec. but 1 hour -> 3618.6 sec.) #define TIMER0_LIMIT_1HOUR 179361L // 3600 sec. tuned parameter

// #define TIMER0_LIMIT_1MINUTE 3005L // 60 sec. but 60'00" -> 60'22"

#define TIMER0_LIMIT_1MINUTE 2989L // 60 sec. tuned parameter. clock crystal 10MHz, Timer0 1 count = 0.0200728

//#define TIMER0_LIMIT_10SEC 501 // 10 sec. #define TIMER0_LIMIT_1SECOND 50 // 1 sec.

enum {

MODE_DAY, MODE_HOUR, MODE_MINUTE, MODE_SECOND };

static uint16_t TIMEMODE = MODE_SECOND;

static uint32_t TIMER0_LIMIT = TIMER0_LIMIT_1SECOND;

enum {

(7)

static uint8_t STAGE = STAGE_READY;

static uint16_t EEMEM EEPROM_NUMBER, EEPROM_MODE; // Previous number storage in EEPROM static uint16_t EEMEM EEPROM_MODE; // Previous time mode storage in EEPROM

static inline void wait(volatile uint32_t i) // wait for a while

// Arguments :

// i : waiting length {

while ( i-- > 0 ); }

static inline void buzOn(void) // Buzzer ON / OFF

{

PORTD ^= (1<<PD4); }

void beepOn(unsigned int tone, unsigned long length) // beep by Buzzer

// Arguments :

// tone : tone height , tone 2 (high) ~ 1000 (low) // length : beep sound time

{

length /= tone;

while (length-- > 0) { buzOn();

wait(tone); }

}

static inline uint8_t isSwitchOn(void) {

return !( PIND & ( 1<<PD2 ) ); }

static inline uint8_t isSwitchOn0(void) {

return !( PIND & ( 1<<PD0 ) ); }

return !( PIND & ( 1<<PD1 ) ); }

return !( PIND & ( 1<<PD2 ) ); }

return !( PIND & ( 1<<PD3 ) ); }

return !( PIND & ( 1<<PD5 ) ); }

uint8_t getSwitch(void) {

uint8_t sw;

(8)

return sw; }

/*

* initialize */

static inline void initIo(void) // initialize I/O ports.

{

PORTD = (1<<PD5) | (1<<PD3) | (1<<PD2) | (1<<PD1) | (1<<PD0); // weak pull up resistor enable on PD53210

DDRD = 0b11010000; // PD53210 as Input, others Output DDRC = 0b11111111; // PORTC All Output

DDRB = 0b11111111; // PORTB All Output }

static inline void initInt0(void) {

EICRA |= (1<<ISC01) | (1<<ISC11); // INT0 Falling Edge, INT1 Falling edge // EIMSK |= (1<<INT0) | (1<<INT1); // Enable Interrupt 0, 1

EIMSK |= (1<<INT0); // Enable Interrupt 0 }

static inline void initTimer0(void) // Initialize TIMER0

{

// CTC mode , TOP is OCR0A

TCCR0A = (1 << WGM01) | (0 << WGM00) ; // I/O clock prescaler N = 8

// TCCR0B = (0 << WGM02) | (0 << CS02) | (1 << CS01) | (0 << CS00); // I/O clock prescaler N = 1024

TCCR0B = (0 << WGM02) | (1 << CS02) | (0 << CS01) | (1 << CS00); // Timer0 on OCR0A compare match interrupt enable

TIMSK0 |= ( 1<< OCIE0A );

// set TOP value . Interrupt every 1 ms

//OCR0A = 125; // OCR0A = interrupt period [s] * f_clkio [Hz] / I/O clock prescaler N // set TOP value. Interrupt every 0.1s at Internal clock 8MHz / 8 = 1MHz

//OCR0A = 98;

// set TOP value. Interrupt every 0.1s at Full Swing clock 10MHz / 8 // OCR0A = 122;

// set TOP value. Interrupt every 0.02s at Full Swing clock 10MHz OCR0A = 195;

}

/*

* Interrupt */

volatile uint32_t TIMER0_COUNTER; // Timer0 interrupt counter

ISR(TIMER0_COMPA_vect)

// Timer0 Timer counter Compair match Interrupt {

TIMER0_COUNTER++; }

ISR(INT0_vect) // INT0 Interrupt {

beepOn(40,10000); switch ( STAGE ) { case STAGE_READY :

STAGE = STAGE_COUNTDOWN; break;

(9)

STAGE = STAGE_READY; break;

case STAGE_ALARM : STAGE = STAGE_READY; }

while( isSwitchOn() ); }

void choose_7seg_digit(uint8_t digit) /*

* PORTC-5432 : 7seg anode ( digit ) 0123 : 1-OFF, 0-ON * digit 0123

* PORTC 0bxx0000xx */

{

// choose digit switch (digit) { case 0 :

PORTC |= (0b00011100); PORTC &= ~(0b00100000); break;

case 1 :

case 2 :

case 3 :

default :

PORTC |= (0b00111100); }

}

void off_7seg(void) {

PORTB = ~(0b00000000); PORTC |= (0b00000000); }

void show_7seg_1digit(uint16_t number) /*

* arguments : * digit : 3210 * number : 0 ~ 9 *

* PORT *

* digit:

* 3 2 1 0 * * | | | | | | | | * f b f b f b f b * | | | | | | | | * * | | | | | | | | * e c e c e c e c * | | | | | | | | * *

*

* PORTC-1 : 7seg -a- : 0-OFF, 1-ON * PORTC 0bxxxxxx0x

(10)

* PORTB-543210 : 7seg -b-c-d-e-f-g- : 0-OFF, 1-ON * PORTB : 0bxx 0 0 0 0 0 0

*

* xxbcdefg * PORTB 0bxx000000 * PORTC 0bxx0000xx *

*/ {

switch (number) { case 0 :

// a-b-c-d-e-f

PORTB = ~(0b00000001); PORTC |= (0b00000010); break;

case 1 : // b-c

PORTB = ~(0b00001111); PORTC &= ~(0b00000010); break;

case 2 :

// a-b-d-e-g

case 3 :

// a-b-c-d-g

case 4 : // b-c-f-g

case 5 :

// a-c-d-f-g

case 6 :

// a-c-d-e-f-g

case 7 : // a-b-c

case 8 :

// a-b-c-d-e-f-g

case 9 :

// a-b-c-d-f-g

default :

// All segments OFF PORTB = ~(0b00111111); PORTC &= ~(0b00000010); }

}

(11)

uint8_t i;

for ( i = 0; i < 4 ; i++) {

choose_7seg_digit( -1 ); // 7SEG ALL DIGIT OFF show_7seg_1digit( number % 10 );

choose_7seg_digit( i );

wait(1);

number /= 10; }

}

void show_7seg_4digit_timer( uint16_t number, uint32_t timer) {

TIMER0_COUNTER = 0;

while( TIMER0_COUNTER < timer ) { show_7seg_4digit(number); }

}

void getDigitNum(uint16_t num, uint16_t *num1000, uint16_t *num100, uint16_t *num10, uint16_t *num1)

{

*num1000 = num / 1000;

*num100 = ( num % 1000 ) / 100; *num10 = (num % 100 ) / 10; *num1 = (num % 10 ); }

void show_7seg_char(char ch) /*

* arguments :

* character 'c', 'd', 'e' , 'H', 'S', '-' *

* PORT *

* digit:

* 3 2 1 0 * * | | | | | | | | * f b f b f b f b * | | | | | | | | * * | | | | | | | | * e c e c e c e c * | | | | | | | | * *

*

* PORTC-1 : 7seg -a- : 0-OFF, 1-ON * PORTC 0bxxxxxx0x

*

* PORTB-543210 : 7seg -b-c-d-e-f-g- : 0-OFF, 1-ON * PORTB : 0bxx 0 0 0 0 0 0

*

* xxbcdefg * PORTB 0bxx000000 * PORTC 0bxx0000xx *

*/ {

(12)

case 'C' : // a-d-e-f

case 'd' : case 'D' : // b-c-d-e-g

case 'e' : case 'E' : // a-d-e-f-g

case 'H' : case 'h':

// b-c-e-f-g

case 'S' : case 's' : // a-c-d-f-g

case '-' : // g

default :

// All segments OFF PORTB = ~(0b00111111); PORTC &= ~(0b00000010); }

}

void show_7seg_mode( uint16_t time_mode ) {

switch (time_mode) { case MODE_DAY :

choose_7seg_digit( -1 ); // 7SEG ALL DIGIT OFF show_7seg_1digit( 2 );

choose_7seg_digit( 3 ); wait(1);

choose_7seg_digit( -1 ); // 7SEG ALL DIGIT OFF show_7seg_char( 'H' );

choose_7seg_digit( -1 ); // 7SEG ALL DIGIT OFF show_7seg_char( '-' );

break; case MODE_HOUR :

(13)

choose_7seg_digit( -1 ); // 7SEG ALL DIGIT OFF show_7seg_char( 'H' );

choose_7seg_digit( -1 ); // 7SEG ALL DIGIT OFF show_7seg_char( '-' );

break;

case MODE_MINUTE :

choose_7seg_digit( -1 ); // 7SEG ALL DIGIT OFF show_7seg_char( 'S' );

choose_7seg_digit( -1 ); // 7SEG ALL DIGIT OFF show_7seg_char( 'E' );

break;

case MODE_SECOND :

choose_7seg_digit( -1 ); // 7SEG ALL DIGIT OFF show_7seg_char( 'S' );

choose_7seg_digit( -1 ); // 7SEG ALL DIGIT OFF show_7seg_char( 'E' );

choose_7seg_digit( -1 ); // 7SEG ALL DIGIT OFF show_7seg_char( 'C' );

break; default :

show_7seg_4digit( 0 ); }

(14)

/* * main */

int main(void) {

volatile uint16_t num = INITIAL_NUMBER; uint16_t num1000, num100, num10, num1;

initIo(); initInt0(); initTimer0();

//while (isSwitchOn0() || isSwitchOn1() || isSwitchOn2() || isSwitchOn3() || isSwitchOn5());

//while (isSwitchOn()); show_7seg_4digit(0); wait(10000);

if ( isSwitchOn0() ) {

// when Boot system, if switch #0 ON -> reset number, Day mode num = INITIAL_NUMBER;

while (isSwitchOn0());

TIMEMODE = MODE_DAY;

TIMER0_LIMIT = TIMER0_LIMIT_1DAY;

// write current value to EEPROM eeprom_busy_wait();

eeprom_update_word(&EEPROM_MODE, TIMEMODE);

STAGE = STAGE_READY;

} else if ( isSwitchOn1()) {

// when Boot system, if switch #1 ON -> reset number, Hour mode num = INITIAL_NUMBER;

TIMEMODE = MODE_HOUR;

TIMER0_LIMIT = TIMER0_LIMIT_1HOUR;

} else if ( isSwitchOn3()) {

// when Boot system, if switch #2 ON -> reset number, Minute mode num = INITIAL_NUMBER;

TIMEMODE = MODE_MINUTE;

TIMER0_LIMIT = TIMER0_LIMIT_1MINUTE;

(15)

// when Boot system, if switch #5 ON -> reset number, Second mode num = INITIAL_NUMBER;

TIMEMODE = MODE_SECOND;

TIMER0_LIMIT = TIMER0_LIMIT_1SECOND;

} else {

// when Boot system, if switch OFF -> recover previous number beepOn( 100 , 1000 );

// get previous number from EEPROM eeprom_busy_wait();

num = eeprom_read_word(&EEPROM_NUMBER);

if ( num > INITIAL_NUMBER ) { num = INITIAL_NUMBER; }

TIMEMODE = eeprom_read_word(&EEPROM_MODE); switch (TIMEMODE) {

case MODE_SECOND:

TIMER0_LIMIT = TIMER0_LIMIT_1SECOND; break;

case MODE_MINUTE:

TIMER0_LIMIT = TIMER0_LIMIT_1MINUTE; break;

case MODE_HOUR:

TIMER0_LIMIT = TIMER0_LIMIT_1HOUR; break;

case MODE_DAY:

TIMER0_LIMIT = TIMER0_LIMIT_1DAY; break;

default:

TIMEMODE = MODE_SECOND;

TIMER0_LIMIT = TIMER0_LIMIT_1SECOND; }

// show_7seg_4digit( num ); STAGE = STAGE_COUNTDOWN; }

beepOn( 20 , 10000 );

sei(); // Enable Interrupt

// TIME mode display 3 sec.

for ( TIMER0_COUNTER = 0; TIMER0_COUNTER < TIMER0_LIMIT_1SECOND * 3; ) { show_7seg_mode( TIMEMODE );

}

while (1) {

switch(STAGE) { case STAGE_READY:

show_7seg_4digit( num ); if (TIMER0_COUNTER > 100) { choose_7seg_digit(-1); wait(50000);

TIMER0_COUNTER = 0; }

(16)

getDigitNum(num, &num1000, &num100, &num10, &num1);

if (isSwitchOn0()) { beepOn(5,1000); num1000++;

if (num1000 > 9) { num1000 = 0; }

while(isSwitchOn0()); }

if (num100 > 9) { num100 = 0; }

if (num10 > 9) { num10 = 0; }

if (num1 > 9) { num1 = 0; }

num = num1000 * 1000 + num100 * 100 + num10 * 10 + num1;

break;

case STAGE_RESET:

num = INITIAL_NUMBER; show_7seg_4digit( num ); STAGE = STAGE_COUNTDOWN; break;

case STAGE_COUNTDOWN:

eeprom_update_word(&EEPROM_NUMBER, num);

TIMER0_COUNTER = 0;

while (TIMER0_COUNTER < TIMER0_LIMIT) { show_7seg_4digit( num );

/* blink

if (TIMER0_COUNTER % 2 == 1) { choose_7seg_digit(-1); //OFF } else {

show_7seg_4digit( num ); }

*/

if ( isSwitchOn0() ) { beepOn(5,1000);

while ( isSwitchOn0() ); num++;

(17)

if ( isSwitchOn1() ) { beepOn(10,1000);

while ( isSwitchOn1() ); if (num <= 0) {

num = 0; } else { num--; }

if (STAGE != STAGE_COUNTDOWN) { break;

} } num--;

if (num <= 0) { num = 0;

STAGE = STAGE_ALARM; TIMER0_COUNTER = 0; }

break;

case STAGE_ALARM:

show_7seg_4digit(0);

if (TIMER0_COUNTER > 100) { choose_7seg_digit(-1); wait(500000L);

break; }

}

(18)

Makefile

（

AVR-GCC, Xcode

用）

# Name: Makefile

# Author: <insert your name here>

# Copyright: <insert your copyright message here> # License: <insert your license reference here>

# This is a prototype Makefile. Modify it according to your needs. # You should at least check the settings for

# DEVICE ... The AVR device you compile for # CLOCK ... Target AVR clock rate in Hertz

# OBJECTS ... The object files created from your source files. This list is # usually the same as the list of source files with suffix ".o". # PROGRAMMER ... Options to avrdude which define the hardware you use for # uploading to the AVR and the interface where this hardware # is connected. We recommend that you leave it undefined and # add settings like this to your ~/.avrduderc file:

# default_programmer = "stk500v2" # default_serial = "avrdoper"

# FUSES ... Parameters for avrdude to flash the fuses appropriately.

DEVICE = atmega168 AVRDUDE_DEVICE = m168p CLOCK = 1000000

PROGRAMMER = -c avrispmkII -P usb OBJECTS = main.o

#FUSES = -U hfuse:w:0xdf:m -U lfuse:w:0x62:m #Full Swing Crystal, Divide clock by 8

#FUSES = -U hfuse:w:0xdf:m -U lfuse:w:0x56:m #Full Swing Crystal

FUSES = -U hfuse:w:0xd9:m -U lfuse:w:0xd6:m

# ATMega8 fuse bits used above (fuse bits for other devices are different!): # Example for 8 MHz internal oscillator

# Fuse high byte:

# 0xd9 = 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 <-- BOOTRST (boot reset vector at 0x0000) # ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^--- BOOTSZ0

# | | | | | +--- BOOTSZ1

# | | | | +--- EESAVE (set to 0 to preserve EEPROM over chip erase) # | | | +--- CKOPT (clock option, depends on oscillator type) # | | +--- SPIEN (if set to 1, serial programming is disabled) # | +--- WDTON (if set to 0, watchdog is always on)

# +--- RSTDISBL (if set to 0, RESET pin is disabled) # Fuse low byte:

# 0x24 = 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 # ^ ^ \ / \--+--/

# | +--- BODEN (if 0, brown-out detector is enabled) # +--- BODLEVEL (if 0: 4V, if 1: 2.7V)

#

# For computing fuse byte values for other devices and options see # the fuse bit calculator at http://www.engbedded.com/fusecalc/

# Tune the lines below only if you know what you are doing:

AVRDUDE = avrdude $(PROGRAMMER) -p $(AVRDUDE_DEVICE)

COMPILE = avr-gcc -Wall -Os -DF_CPU=$(CLOCK) -mmcu=$(DEVICE)

# symbolic targets: all: main.hex

.c.o:

$(COMPILE) -c $< -o $@

(19)

$(COMPILE) -x assembler-with-cpp -c $< -o $@

# "-x assembler-with-cpp" should not be necessary since this is the default # file type for the .S (with capital S) extension. However, upper case # characters are not always preserved on Windows. To ensure WinAVR # compatibility define the file type manually.

.c.s:

$(COMPILE) -S $< -o $@

flash: all

$(AVRDUDE) -U flash:w:main.hex:i

fuse:

$(AVRDUDE) $(FUSES)

# Xcode uses the Makefile targets "", "clean" and "install" install: flash fuse

# if you use a bootloader, change the command below appropriately: load: all

bootloadHID main.hex

clean:

rm -f main.hex main.elf $(OBJECTS)

# file targets: main.elf: $(OBJECTS)

$(COMPILE) -o main.elf $(OBJECTS)

main.hex: main.elf rm -f main.hex

avr-objcopy -j .text -j .data -O ihex main.elf main.hex avr-size --format=avr --mcu=$(DEVICE) main.elf

# If you have an EEPROM section, you must also create a hex file for the # EEPROM and add it to the "flash" target.

# Targets for code debugging and analysis: disasm: main.elf

avr-objdump -d main.elf

cpp: