平成29年度 入学試験問題
(東 京・東 海・中 四 国・福 岡会場)
西大和学園高等学校
( 6 0 分)
〔 注 意 〕
① 問題は1~5まであります。
② 解答用紙はこの問題用紙の間にはさんであります。 ③ 解答用紙には受験番号、氏名を必ず記入のこと。 ④ 各問題とも解答は解答用紙の所定のところへ記入
のこと。
⑤ リスニング問題は試験開始10分後に始めます。
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(リスニング問題) この問題は試験開始10分後に始まる。
これから放送する英文はある人のスピーチである。次の設問 A と設問 B にそれぞれ答え よ。なお、英文と設問 A の質問は2度放送される。
設問 A 対話文の内容について英語で 4 つの質問を行う。それぞれの質問に対する最も適当
な答えを選び、記号で答えよ。 (1)
(ア)Youwanttounderstandtheirideas. (イ)Theywanttohelpyou.
(ウ)Theywanttorealizetheirdreams. (エ)Youwanttosellyourproducts. (2)
(ア)Family. (イ)Friends. (ウ)Goodplayers. (エ)Yourself. (3)
(ア)Theygothappy.
(イ)Theythoughtitwasthebestanswer. (ウ)Theygotsad.
(エ)Itwassohard. (4)
(ア)Hetalksaboutthethingsyoushouldnotdowhentryingtorealizeyourdream. (イ)Hetellsyounottoclimbmountainsinordertobecomehappy.
(ウ)Hetalksabouthisowndreamstoyou.
(エ)Hetellshisfriendsnottobelievetheirfamilies.
設問 B なぜ筆者は 「夢を実現させることそのものが重要ではない」 と述べているのか。 20字以内の日本語(句読点を含む)で説明せよ。
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次の英文は apartheid(アパルトヘイト)のあった SouthAfrica(南アフリカ)で wine(ワ イン)が有名になったことに貢献した人の話である。本文をよく読み、本文の内容に合う最 も適当な英文を4つ選び、記号で答えよ。(*は、あとに注釈のあることを示す。)
“Whatiswine?Isitajuiceorsomething?AtfirstIhatedthedrink.”ThatwasNtsiki Biyela'sfirst*responseaftershewona*scholarshiptostudywinemakingin1998.Though
shehadbeenagoodstudent, noneofher *applicationsforcollegewereaccepteduntilan *airwayacceptedherapplication.TheairwayhopedtohelpblackSouthAfricans.The
youngwomanwonderedwhatwinewasandguesseditwasanothernameforjuice.Now she'saninternationalprizewinnerfromSouthAfrica.Shemadealuckychoice.Shehad
grownupatasmallvillageinSouthAfrica.Peoplethereraisedpumpkinsandcorn.The only*alcoholtheydrankwasbeer.Asshewantedtocreateabetterlifeforherself,she
startedlookingforchancesoutsideofhervillage.“Iwantedtobeachemicalengineer butIcouldn'tbecauseofthe*financialsituation,”shesaid.Soonafterapartheidwasover
in1994,SouthAfricanAirwaysbeganofferingwinemakingscholarshipsasaprogramto helpthecountry.Biyelajumpedatthechance.“Therewasachancetostudyandbecome something,”shesaid.
Shehadneverbeenoutsidehervillage,butshegotonabusandtraveledacrossSouth Africa tothewinemakingareaintheWest.Shelookedatthehighmountainscarefully. Shewonderedabouttheshort,thintreesplantedinperfectrows.Shedidn'tknowwhat theywere.Afterarrivingattheuniversity,Biyelatastedthedrinkshehadcometostudy. Sheandafewofotherblackscholarshipstudentsmetawineexpert.Heopenedared wine,raisedthebottletohisnoseandtalkedaboutthewine's*fruitinessandcolor.Shewas
expectingtotastesomethingwonderfulwhenshegotabeautifulglassofwine.Instead,she wassurprised.Itwasterrible.
AtStellenboschUniversity,Biyelanotonlyhadtolearneverythingaboutwinebutshehad tostudyinalanguage,themainlanguageofthearea,*Afrikaans.“Itwasdifficult.Ididn't
knowAfrikaansbutIhadnochoice,”shesaid.
Graduatingwasjustthefirststep.Thoughapartheidhadbeenended,thiscountrywas stilla*racially*dividedsociety.Biyelastillhadahardtimefindingacompany.Shefailed
threetimesbeforeshegotthepresentjob.Andthereshequicklyfoundsuccess.Herfirst cropin2004producedawinewithwhichshegotaprize.Biyelatookonebottlebacktoher homevillage.Duringthestay,hergrandmotherAslinatastedwinefortheveryfirsttime.
― ―4 Herresponse?“It'snice.”
Herproductshavewongoldmedalsandfour-star.HernamewasonthelistofSouth Africa's Winemaker of the Year in 2009. She became the country's first black female
winemakerinanindustry*dominatedbywhitemen.“I'msupportedbymanypeople.Ifell
inlovewiththechangingtasteofwine,”shesaid.“Wineisneverthesametodayasitis tomorrow. It even*depends on where you drinkitandwhoyou arewithandwhat *moodyouarein.It'svery,veryinteresting.”shesaid.
SouthAfricaisoneoftheworld'stop10wineproducers.Theclimateisgoodforgrapes. Biyelaisnowpreparingtostarttomakeanewwineasanindependentwinemaker.She'll
beleavingthecompanyandwillbuygrapesfromfarmersbecauseshecan'thaveherown
farmtogrowgrapesjustyet.Butshealreadyhasanameforthebrand,Aslina.
*)response:反応 scholarship:奨学金 application:応募 airway:航空会社 alcohol:アルコール類 financial:金銭的な fruitiness:果物の風味が豊かであること
Afrikaans:アフリカーンス語(南アフリカの公用語)
racially:人種的に divided:分けられた dominate:を支配する dependon:~次第である mood:気分
Biyeladecidedtostudywinemakingatauniversitybecauseshewasofferedfinancial helpforthissubjectonly.
ManypeopleinSouthAfricadrankmuchbeer,soBiyelawantedtocreatesomealcohol. BeforeBiyelalefthervillagetogototheuniversity,sheknewalmostnothingaboutwine orhowgrapesweregrown.
AttheuniversityshewasintroublebecausetherewasnoonetotalktoinEnglish. Biyelagotajobofwinemakingandsoonwonaprizeatthethirdcompany.
Biyela'sgrandmotherhadnoexperienceofdrinkingwine,butshegotachancetodrink
thefirstwinethatBiyelaproduced.
WhenanexpertintroducedBiyelatowinesoonaftershestartedlearningwine,she begantolovewine.
Thetasteofwinedependsontheplaceandthereasontodrinkwine.
InSouthAfricatherearetenwinemakersandtheyareamongtheworldtopwinemakers. Biyela has decided the name of her wine brand and the name is the same as her grandmather'sname.
(ア)
(イ) (ウ)
(エ) (オ) (カ)
(キ)
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次の英文は IQ(知能指数)に関する英文である。本文をよく読み、あとの問いに答えよ。 (*は、あとに注釈のあることを示す。)
Inrecentyears,researchershavelookedcarefullyatthewaysthatenvironmentaffects intelligence. Swiss*psychologistJean Piagetthoughtof intelligenceas the abilitythat
helpsapersonsolveproblemsand*adapttohisorherenvironment.But①this*definition
doesnotincludemanyotherabilitiesandqualitiesthatmostofuswouldusetoexplain intelligence.Intelligencecouldalsomeantheabilitytodo*abstractthinking,tocarryout
plans,ortothink*logically;italsomightmeaneverythingthatapersonhaslearnedinhisor
herlife.
Before1960,somepeoplebelievedthat,forthemostpart,intelligencewas*innate.More
recently,scientistshavebeguntolookathowaperson'senvironmentmightaffectthe developmentofintelligence.
Theothermaintopicinunderstandingintelligenceishowtomeasureit.Twoofthe mainabilitiesthatwehavemeasuredinIQtestsareverbalcomprehension(understanding words)andtheabilitytothinkwithandaboutnumbers.IQtestsalsomeasureotherparts ofintelligence such as*general thinking abilityandmemory.However,otherabilities
often( ② )withintelligence,suchas*creativity,musicaltalent,socialskills,andregular
commonsense,areoftennotincludedonIQtests.
The IQ test was designed to measure success in school. Alfred Binet was asked to developthefirstIQtesttofind“dull”children -thechildrenwhoneededmoresupport inschool.③Thisisimportantbecausemanypeopledonotthinkthatschoolsuccessisthe onlykindofintelligence,butthisisallthatIQtestmeasures.Binet'soriginaltestwaslater
changedbyaresearcherfromStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.TheIQtestusedtoday,is calledtheStanford-Binet.
TheIQtestsweredevelopedto*predictfutureschoolsuccess. ④Whatelsedothey
predict?Ifwethinkofthemasmeasuresofintelligence, ⑤ (them/otherthings/we/ expect/to/might/predict), suchasjob*performance,orlife*satisfaction.
ResearchershavefoundthattheaverageIQofpeoplewhohavemore*prestigiousjobs
(suchasdoctorsorlawyers)ishigherthantheaverageIQofpeopleinlowprestigiousjobs (suchasfarmersorfactoryworkers).Inaddition,researchershavefoundthatalthough therearehigh-IQpeopleinlowprestigiousjobs,therearenopeoplewithlowIQsinhigh
あ
い
― ―6 prestigiousjobs.
Inmanycases, IQdoesnotpredictjobperformanceverywell.Inprofessionalworkersof middleclass,IQmakesadifferenceinjobperformance.However,atthehigherandlower ends,aperson'sIQscoredoesnotshowanyrelationshiptosuccessinthejob.
Anotherquestioniswhetherhigh-IQpeoplearehappierthanpeoplewithlowerIQs. LewisTermandidastudyofchildrenwithveryhighIQs.Hediscoveredthatchildren withhigh-IQhadmoreskillsandknowledge,andadaptedtotheirenvironmentbetterthan childrenwithlowerIQs. However,⑥therewasaproblemwithhisstudy.WhenTermanchosepeoplethattook partinhisstudy,hisgroupofhigh-IQstudentshadtoomanychildrenofeducated,rich andpowerfulparents.So,thesechildrenhadmorechances,highersocialpositions,and moremoneythanmanyofthelower-IQchildren.AlloftheseareconnectedwithhighIQ. Therefore,thesuccessofthesechildrenmayhavebeenmoreinfluencedbytheirsocial positionthanbytheirmeasuredIQ.
*) psychologist:心理学者 adaptto:~に適応する definition:定義 abstract:抽象的な logically:論理的に innate:生まれつきの general:一般的な creativity:創造性 predict:を予測する performance:出来栄え satisfaction:満足度 prestigious:名声のある
問1 下線部①が指す内容を40字以内の日本語(句読点を含む)で答えよ。
問2 ( ② )に入る最も適当なものを選び、記号で答えよ。
(ア)filled (イ)connected (ウ)invented (エ)satisfied
問3 下線部③を日本語にせよ。
問4 下線部④への答えとして、最も適当なものを1つ選び、記号で答えよ。 (ア)社会的名声の低い職業従事者の人生への満足度
(イ)中流階級の専門的職業従事者の人生への満足度 (ウ)社会的名声の低い職業従事者の仕事の出来栄え (エ)中流階級の専門的職業従事者の仕事の出来栄え
問5 下線部⑤の( )内の語(句)を、本文の内容に最も合うように並びかえて、英文を 完成させよ。ただし、解答欄には並べかえた英語だけを書くこと。
え
問6 下線部⑥の理由として最も不適当なものを選び、記号で答えよ。 (ア)実験に参加した子どもの多くは収入が高い家庭の子であったから。 (イ)実験に参加した子どもの多くは過去に同様の調査に参加していたから。 (ウ)実験に参加した子どもの多くは多岐にわたる教育機会があったから。
(エ)実験に参加した子どもの多くは社会的に大きな影響力をもつ家庭の子であったから。
問7 次の英文を入れるのに最も適当な箇所はどこか。本文中の~より選び、記号で答 えよ。
Eachofthesehasbeenstudied*inrelationtoIQscores.
*)inrelationtoIQscores:知能指数の得点と関連して
問8 本文の内容に合う最も適当な英文を1つ選び、記号で答えよ。
(ア)Scientistsbelievethathowyourintelligencedevelopsisdecidedbeforeyouare born.
(イ)Verbal comprehension and the ability to think with and about numbers are thoughtofaspartofintelligence.
(ウ)AlfredBinetdesignedthefirstIQtesttopredictfuturesuccessinschool.
(エ)AccordingtothestudybyLewisTerman,high-IQpeoplearehappierthanpeople withlowIQs.
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次の英文をよく読み、あとの問いに答えよ。( *は、あとに注釈のあることを示す。)AfriendofminelovesthemovieCasablanca.LikeBogart,helooksatmewithacool expression,andsays,“Here'slookingatyou,kid.”Anotherfriendreallylikesthenovel
Gone with the wind.Whenshehasabadday,sheencouragesherselfwithScarlett'sfamous
word's,“Tomorrowisanotherday.”Oneofmyfavorite*linesisnotasfamousasthese
two,butjust(①)*impressive.Itcomesfromthenovel,The*Invisible Man,byRalph
Ellison.
Here'sthesituation:ayoungAfricanAmericanmanleavestheSouthandmovestoNew York.HethinkstheNorthisbetter,andtriestohidehissouthern*roots.Onecoldnight,
whenheiswalkingaround*Harlem,hefeelsalone.Suddenly② (something/well/knows
/he/he/smells):hotsweetpotatoes.Theyarecalled“yams”intheSouth.Anoldman issellingSouthCarolinayamsonthestreet.Theyoungmanbuysone,takesabite,and feelshomesick.Heremembersthedaysofbeingachildandsaystohimself,“…*tohell
with*beingashamedofsomethingyouliked.”Thenhebuystwomoreyamsandtellsthe
oldmanproudly,“③IyamwhatIam!”
A*variationoftheexpression“IamwhatIam,”thislinemeansthatyourbasiccharacter
neverreallychanges.Italsomeansthatwhereyoucomefromiswhoyouare.Forthe youngman,eatingyamsandbeingapoor,black*southernercan'tbeseparated.Hisfamily
atethemallthetimebecausetheywerecheapanddelicious.④ Buyingthreeyamsonthe streetinHarlemmakesitclearthatheisfromtheSouth,butinthissceneheremembers thegoodfeelingabouthissouthernrootsandnolongerfeelsashamed.
(⑤ )myown*backgroundisdifferentfromthatofEllison'scharacter,Ialsotriedto
hidemyrootswhenImovedfromTexastotheNortheastatseventeen.Beforethat,I neverthoughtofmyselfasa“southerner.”AndIdidn'tknowthatmywayoftalkingwas different.Ihadasouthern*accent,andIoftenusedstrangewords,sopeoplelaughedor
lookedatmeinastrangewaywhenIwasspeaking.OnceIwentintoastoreandaskedfor a“sack.”“Awhat?”theclerkasked.“Youknow,asack.Apapersack,”Isaid.“Oh,you meanabag,”sheansweredandfinallygavemeone.
Theexpression thatgavemethemosttroublewas“ya'll.”Thismeans“youall,”and
⑥it'sasbasictothesouthern*dialectasbreadistotheAmericandiet.WhenIuseditup
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Iknewtheyreallywantedtosay,“Yousouthernerssoundfunnywhenyoutalk.”(⑦) thecharacterinEllison'snovel,Ifeltashamedofbeingasouthernerandtriedtohideitby speakingmorelikethepeoplearoundme.
⑧ Nowpeopleareoftensurprisedto knowthatI'mfromTexas.“Butyoudon'thave
anaccent,”theysay.It'strue.⑨ Ichangedmysouthernwayofspeakingsothatpeople aroundmemightnotlaughatme.Idon't*regretit.It'simportanttobeabletoliveinany
worldthatyoufindyourselfin,and,it'sharderto*dowithasouthernaccent.Still,whenI
gobacktoTexasandhear“ya'll”andtheslowsouthernwayofspeakingthatIlove,Iknow I'vecomehome.IguessIyamwhatIam.
*) impressive: 印象的な line:せりふ invisible:目に見えない root:自分の心のふるさと Harlem:ハーレム ( 黒人居住地 )
tohellwith:~は何てことだ beashamedof:~を恥ずかしがる southerner:南部 ( 生まれ ) の人 variation:変化したもの
background:経歴 accent:なまり dialect:方言 regret:を後悔する dowith:~で済ます
問1 ( ① )( ⑤ )( ⑦)に入る最も適当なものを選び、記号で答えよ。
( ① ):(ア)in (イ)for (ウ)like
(エ)of (オ)as
( ⑤ ):(ア)However (イ)Therefore (ウ)Since (エ)Though (オ)When
( ⑦ ):(ア)Before (イ)For (ウ)Through
(エ)Like (オ)As
問2 下線部②の( )内の語を、本文の内容に合うように並べかえて、英文を完成させ
問3 TheInvisibleManに登場する若い男性が下線部③のように述べた理由を表すものとし
て最も適切なものを選び、記号で答えよ。
(ア)自分の出身地である南部の食べ物であるyamsを買って食べて、ホームシックに なった自分を恥じたから。
(イ)南部を出て、ニューヨークに移り住み、すっかり今ではニューヨークに馴染んでし まったから。
(ウ)路上で売られているyamsを買って食べて、自分が南部出身であることを再認識し たから。
(エ)自分の性格が変わったり、出身地がどこであっても、自分にとってはあまり重要な 問題ではないから。
問4 下線部④、⑥、⑨を日本語にせよ。
問5 下線部⑧で人々が驚いた理由を20字程度の日本語(句読点を含む)で答えよ。
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5
次の日本語を英語に直せ。① 実を言うと海外留学する若者は増えている。