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轟 識 ま 榊 拝 鰐 群
ar e devot ed t o t he c om pr ehens i ve anal ys i s
of c hemi c al s ubs t anc es t hat c an i r npac t our‖ ves . Li ke ot her s ci ent i s t s i n t he s chool ′ t hes e
f our have devi s ed t ec hnol ogi es t hat have
opened nevv vvays of s eei ng c hemi c a卜bas ed
phenom ena′
t hus he! pi ng t o keep J apan at t he f or ef r ont of phar mac eut i c al s c i enc es .Appl i ed bi ophar m ac eut i c al s c i enc es
Akem i c hi Baba has h s ow n per s pec t i ve on
i ndi ng t r eat ment s f or ps yc hi at r i c di s or der s Suc h di s or der s ar e c or r pl ex′ and t hos e r es ear c hl ng t r eat ment s have a har d t i me kno、″i ng、´υher e t o s t ar t Baba has pr ovi ded a s o i d f oundat i onHe has s pent near y t ヽ″o dec ades c har ac t er z ― i ng pi t ui t ar y adenyl at e c yc l as e ac t i vat ng pept de
( pへCAP〉 a pol ypept i de nr s t i s ol at ed i n 1 989 and kno、″n t o pl ay an i mpor t ant r ol e l n t he c AI P pat hヽ´vay Baba and h s t eam of r es ear c her s s oon t ook t he l ead i n exanni ni n9 PACAP by c l o∩i ng i t ′
c ar r yi ng out 9e∩om C ana ys es , i dent i ″ ∩
gに
s r ec ept or s ′ t r ac i n9 i t s i nvol vement i n r r ol ec ul ar pat h、´υays and l oc ai z i ng t s di s t r but i on t t ur ns out t hat t he pept i de i s mc l i nl y expr es s ed l n t he br ai n ―― an exc i t l n9 6ndl ng t hat s u99es t ed a pot ent a‖ y l mpor t ant r ol e i n br al n f u∩ c t i onThat i nt er pr et at on t t l r ned out t o be c or r ec t
U s ng m oder n gene―
t ar get ng r et hods ′ Babaゝt eam f ound t hat w hen t he円
ヽ⊂AP 9ene W as
knoc ked out ′ m c e s umer ed t he t el t al e s l gns of s c hi z ophr eni a: hyper ac t i v t y r educ ed ab i t y t o at t uSt t O d St ur banc es oOwer pr e― pu s el nh bt t on) ′ a t endenc y t o j u「np ar ound expl os i vel y c ogni t l ve dys f unc t i On and depr es s on i ke behavl ou「
t was a t numph Of t t ever s e phar mac o o9yl an appr oac h i n ヽ″hi c h s c i ent s t s s t udy phenot ypi c ei 、c t s of a di s t ur banc e t o a c on∩ pl e× s ys t em Baba
kno、´′s t hat t he phenot ypi c expr es s i on of genes al s o depends on c er t al n env r onment s ′ s o he has a s o been s t udyl ng r el evant e∩vi r o∩ment al f ac t or s
Baba' s 6へ
CAP knoc kout m ous e s on i t s
ヽぃ
/ ay t o bec oni ng a neヽ ぃ
/ m odel f or hum an
s c hi z ophr eni a The ml c e s hoヽ ″ i r npr ovement ヽ″hen gi ven ant ―
ps yc hot c s And anal ogi esw t h hum ans ar e s uppor t ed by t he bc t t hat
a c er t ai n mut at i on i n t he らへCAP 9ene′ f ound t o be s 19∩ l ncant i n s chl z ophr eni c pat i ent s ′ l s as s oc i at ed vυt t h s r r a er hl ppoc am pa vo um e
and poor m em or y
l Al hat c aus es s c hl z ophr eni a and ho、″ s houl d i t bes t be t r eat ed? l A/ i t h h s mi c e′ Babal s on h s 、 ハ/ ay t o nndl ng out
M ol ec ul ar phar m ac eut i c al s c i enc es
Hi r oyuki Mi z uguc hi i s per t t c t ng met hods l or i nt r oduc i ng genes l nt o c e s at ヽ ″│‖ ――a t ec hno 09y t hat of l er s t he unpr ec edent ed ab t y t o mani pul at e c e‖ s f or bi omedi c al r es ear c h ―― t o pr oduc e vec t or s f or gene t her apy and pot en―
t i a‖y t o c ar r y out l f e― s avi ng c ni c al t her apl es Adenovi r us vec t or s ac c omp s h t hi s t t at ′ vvi t h t he added advant age t hat t hey e× pr es s t he gene of c hoi c e ぃ/ t hout d s t ur bl ng t he hos t ′
s D N A
But c onvent onal adenov r us vec t or s a s o have pr obl ems ′ s uc h as bei ng unabl e t o penet r at e c e‖ s
t hat l ac k a c er t ai n t ype of r ec ept or l 、4i z u9uChi has exper i enc e i n s ol vi ng s uc h t ouc l h pr obl ems
″
ul e l r yant t o nnd a 1/ ・ ay t o t ake advant age of t he mer t s , ││∩ ∩t t he pr obl ems and i nd a neヽ ´υ gener at on of adenovi r us vec t or s t hat c an s er ve even mor e f u∩c l ons / s ayS MI Zu9uc hl
' 、
4i z uguc hi pi oneer ed an emc i ent 、″ay t o make adenovi r us vec t or s t hr ough a pat ent ed appr oac h t hat i s noヽ ″
c om m O nl y us ed
ヽ″or d―ぃ/ i de Andヽ″i t h s ever al pub c at i ons and pat ent s on a neヽ″ kl nd of adenOvi r us vec t ot he i s 、 ″e‖
pos t oned t o make even mor e br eakt hr ou9hs
Bi oor gani c phar m ac eut i c al s c i enc es
Sat os hi Obi ka f ound a r ec i pe t hat v/ or ks T1/ 7el ve year s ago′
he pl oneer ed a t ec hnol ogy t hat
s t ab z es nuc l ei c ac i ds ′ ヽ″het her DNA or RNA′ by addl ng an ext r a br dge i ∩ t he mol ec ul e′ s s u9arAdver t i s er r et al ns s ol e r es po∩ s i b t y f or c o∩t e∩t
AD ∨ ERT SEM EN T FEAT∪ RE
The′ br i dged′ nuc l ei c ac l d ( BNA) out dl d h S expec t at i ons ′
bi ndi n9 t o c om pl em ent ar y RN A
、″t h an amnt y r r Or e t han 100′ 000 t r nes t hat of nor mal DNA″ was vor y s ur pt t s edr Says ob ka
BNA c an be us ed t o l nc r eas e t he s pec i n― c t y of det ec t on i n c ommon DNA r n c r oar r ays or pol ymer as e c hal n r eac t ons The s pec i nc t y、 ″i ‖
as o a ow′ ant s ens e′ bl oc k ng of DNA t r ans c r i p― t o∩ or RNA t r ans at i on, ヽ″
hi c h c oul d m ake
DNA―bas ed c nl c al t her api es pos s bl e Obi ka des i gns a s uc c es s f ul BNA r ou9hl y onc e per yea呵 eaCh l A/ t h t S oヽ″∩RNA or DNA t ar get s ′ pavi n9 t he ヽ″ay t o a f ut ur e f u‖ of di s c over i esEnvi r onm ent al phar m ac eut i c al s c i enc es
Yas uo Ts ut s umi ′ a t o× i c ol og s t ′
t hl nks peopl e s houl d bewor r yl ng mor eabout t hes ma‖ er t hi ngs ′ and h s anl mal s t udl es bac k up t hat pos t on
He s t udi es s i c a mat er i a s c ompos ed of mo ec ul es s r r a‖ er t han 100 nanomet r es i n di amet er ′
、″hi c h ar e i nc r eas i ngl y bei ng us ed i n c os met c s ′ f ood and dr ugs H s nr s t ques t oni do t hey 9et i nt o t he body? The ans 、 ″er hef oundi n h s mous e and p19 s t udl es i s ′ yes ′
―even 177hen app ed t o t he s kl n′ ヽ″hl c h i s s uppos ed t o be t he t oughes t bar r er t o pas s The s ec o∩ d: ヽ″her e do t hes e na∩o―
par t i c l es 9o l n t he body? The a∩ s ヽ´′er : │∩t o many v t al or ga∩ s ′ i nc l udl ng t he br al n The l as t ques t i oni ar e t hey s af e? ″ 1/ Ve don′ t kno、″ yet / s ays Ts ut s um, ″ ヽ″hl c h i s exac t l y、´υhyヽぃ/ e have t o ext e∩d our s t udi es on na∩ot o× l c ol o9y as qui Ckl y as pos s bl er
■ut s uml want s t o bt t ng t hes eヽ c t s t o our at t ent on
″
l A/ e be eve t hes e pr oduc t s ar e s af e′ wt hout any evi denc er he s ayS t t want t o gr as p t he r s ki nvol ved/