Allah ment ions here t he enmit y of Iblis, may t he curse of Allah be upon him and his progeny.
This is an ancient hat red, dat ing from t he t ime t hat Allah creat ed Adam, when He commanded t he angels t o prost rat e t o Adam, and all of t hem prost rat ed except Iblis, who was t oo arrogant and he haught ily refused t o prost rat e t o him. He said in a t one indicat ing cont empt :
びゅ⇔レΒ⌒デ ∠ろ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇リ∠ヨ⌒ャ ⊥ギ⊥イ∇シ∠￢∠ぺ ∠メゅ∠ホぴ
(He said: "Shall I prost rat e myself t o one whom You creat ed from clay'') According t o anot her Ayah, he said:
∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ゅ∠ル∠ぺぴ び∃リΒ⌒デ リ⌒ョ ⊥ヮ∠わ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ∠ヱ ∃ケゅｚル リ⌒ョ ヶ⌒レ∠わ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ⊥ヮ∇レあョ
(I am bet t er t han he. You creat ed me from fire, and You creat ed him from clay.) ぴ7:12び He also said, speaking t o t he Lord wit h disbelief and insolence, but t he Lord bore it pat ient ly:
∇Α∠￢∠ケ∠ぺ ∠メゅ∠ホぴ びｚヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ∠ろ∇ョｚゲ∠ミ ン⌒グｚャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∠マ∠わ
(He said: "See t his one whom You have honored above me...'') ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "He is saying, ` I am going t o dominat e his offspring, all but a few.''' Muj ahid said (it means), "I am going t o surround t hem.'' Ibn Zayd said (it means), "I am going t o lead t hem ast ray.'' All of t hem are close in meaning, and t he meaning of t he Ayah is, "Do You see t his one whom You have honored and made great er t han me If You give me t ime, I will lead his descendant s ast ray, all but a few of t hem.''
∇ユ⊥ミ⊥ぼへ∠ゴ∠ィ ∠ユｚレ∠ヰ∠ィ ｚラ⌒み∠プ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レ⌒ョ ∠マ∠バ⌒ら∠ゎ リ∠ヨ∠プ ∇ょ∠ワ∇クや ∠メゅ∠ホぴ や⇔ケヲ⊥プヲｚョ ⇔￢や∠ゴ∠ィ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レ⌒ョ ∠ろ∇バ∠ト∠わ∇シや ⌒リ∠ョ ∇コ⌒ゴ∇ヘ∠わ∇シや∠ヱ
-∇ユ⊥ヰ∇ミ⌒ケゅ∠セ∠ヱ ∠マ⌒ヤ⌒ィ∠ケ∠ヱ ∠マ⌒ヤ∇Β∠ガ⌒よ ユ⌒ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∇ょ⌒ヤ∇ィ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∠マ⌒ゎ∇ヲ∠ダ⌒よ
∇ョｘΙや ヴ⌒プ
⊥リ⇒∠ト∇Βｚゼャや ⊥ユ⊥ワ⊥ギ⌒バ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ワ∇ギ⌒ハ∠ヱ ⌒ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱｘΙや∠ヱ ⌒メ∠ヲ
や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲ⊥ビ ｚΙ⌒ま
∀リ⇒∠ト∇ヤ⊥シ ∇ユ⌒ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∠マ∠ャ ∠ザ∇Β∠ャ ン⌒キゅ∠ら⌒ハ ｚラ⌒ま
-び ⇔ΚΒ⌒ミ∠ヱ ∠マあよ∠ゲ⌒よ ヴ∠ヘ∠ミ∠ヱ
(63. (Allah) said: "Go, and whosoever of t hem follows you, surely, Hell will be t he recompense of you (all) an ample recompense.) (64. "And f ool t hem gradually, t hose whom you can among t hem wit h your voice, Aj lib upon t hem wit h your cavalry and your infant ry, share wit h t hem wealt h and children, and make promises t o t hem.'' But Shayt an promises t hem not hing but deceit .) (65. "Verily, My servant s, you have no aut horit y over t hem. And All-Sufficient is your Lord as a Guardian.'') When Iblis asked for respit e, Allah said t o him:
び∇ょ∠ワ∇クやぴ
` (Go,) I will give you respit e.' According t o anot her Ayah (Allah) said:
∠リΑ⌒ゲ∠ヌレ⊥ヨ∇ャや ∠リ⌒ョ ∠マｚル⌒み∠プ ∠メゅ∠ホぴ
⌒ろ∇ホ∠ヲ∇ャや ⌒ュ∇ヲ∠Α ヴ∠ャ⌒ま
-び ⌒ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バ∠ヨ∇ャや
(Verily, you are of t hose allowed respit e t ill t he Day of t he t ime appoint ed.) (38:80-81). Then Allah warned him and t hose who follow him among t he progeny of Adam about Hell:
び∇ユ⊥ミ⊥ぼへ∠ゴ∠ィ ∠ユｚレ∠ヰ∠ィ ｚラ⌒み∠プ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レ⌒ョ ∠マ∠バ⌒ら∠ゎ リ∠ヨ∠プ ∇ょ∠ワ∇クや ∠メゅ∠ホぴ
((Allah) said: "Go, and whosoever of t hem follows you, surely, Hell will be t he recompense of you (all)) meaning, for your deeds.
びや⇔ケヲ⊥プヲｚョ ⇔￢や∠ゴ∠ィぴ
(an ample recompense.) Muj ahid said, "Sufficient recompense.'' Qat adah said, "It will be abundant for you and will not be decreased for you.''
び∠マ⌒ゎ∇ヲ∠ダ⌒よ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レ⌒ョ ∠ろ∇バ∠ト∠わ∇シや ⌒リ∠ョ ∇コ⌒ゴ∇ヘ∠わ∇シや∠ヱぴ
(And fool t hem gradually t hose whom you can among t hem wit h your voice,) It was said t hat t his refers t o singing. Muj ahid said, "Wit h idle ent ert ainment and singing,'' meaning, influence t hem wit h t hat .
び∠マ⌒ゎ∇ヲ∠ダ⌒よ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レ⌒ョ ∠ろ∇バ∠ト∠わ∇シや ⌒リ∠ョ ∇コ⌒ゴ∇ヘ∠わ∇シや∠ヱぴ
(And fool t hem gradually t hose whom you can among t hem wit h your voice,) Ibn ` Abbas said,
"Every caller who calls people t o disobey Allah.'' This was t he view of Qat adah, and was also t he opinion favored by Ibn Jarir.
び∠マ⌒ヤ⌒ィ∠ケ∠ヱ ∠マ⌒ヤ∇Β∠ガ⌒よ ユ⌒ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∇ょ⌒ヤ∇ィ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ
(Aj ib upon t hem wit h your cavalry and your infant ry.) Send your t roops and cavalry and infant ry against t hem. The meaning is, send what ever forces you have at your disposal against t hem.
This is a command (relat ed t o t he divine decree), as Allah says elsewhere:
∠リΑ⌒ゲ⌒ヘ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ∠リΒ⌒ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ∠ぺ べｚル∠ぺ ∠ゲ∠ゎ ∇ユ∠ャ∠ぺぴ び ⇔や∂コ∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ワぁコ⊥ぽ∠ゎ
(See you not t hat We have sent t he Shayat in against t he disbelievers t o push t hem t o do evil. ) (19:83), meaning, t o provoke t hem and drive t hem t owards evil.
び∠マ⌒ヤ⌒ィ∠ケ∠ヱ ∠マ⌒ヤ∇Β∠ガ⌒よ ユ⌒ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∇ょ⌒ヤ∇ィ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ
(Aj lib upon t hem wit h your cavalry and your infant ry,) Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid said, "Everyone who rides or walks t o go and commit sin and disobey Allah.'' Qat adah said, "He has infant ry and cavalry among t he Jinn and among humans. They are t he ones who obey him.'' The Arabs use t he verb Aj laba when describing somebody shout ing at anot her person. Hence it is forbidden in races t o shout at one anot her and push one anot her. From t his root is also derived t he word Jalabah, which means raising voices.
ｘΙや∠ヱ ⌒メ∠ヲ∇ョｘΙや ヴ⌒プ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∇ミ⌒ケゅ∠セ∠ヱぴ び⌒ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ
(and share wit h t hem wealt h and children,) Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid said, "This means what he commands t hem t o do of spending money in disobedience t o Allah, may He be exalt ed.''
び⌒ギ⇒∇ャ∇ヱｘΙや∠ヱぴ
(and children,) Ibn' Abbas, as report ed by Al-` Awfi, Muj ahid and Ad-Dahhak said, "This means t he children of Zina (i.e., illegit imat e children).'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means t he children whom t hey used t o kill out of folly, wit hout knowledge.'' Qat adah report ed t hat Al-Hasan Al-Basri said: "Allah caused Shayt an t o t ake a share of wealt h and children by making t hem Magians, Jews and Christ ians, and making t hem follow any religion ot her t han Islam, and by making t hem give a part of t heir wealt h t o t he Shayt an.'' Qat adah said t he same.
び⌒ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱｘΙや∠ヱ ⌒メ∠ヲ∇ョｘΙや ヴ⌒プ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∇ミ⌒ケゅ∠セ∠ヱぴ
(and share wit h t hem wealt h and children.) The fact t hat only wealt h and children are ment ioned in t his Ayah, does not mean t hat it is limit ed only t o t hose t hings. Everyt hing in which a person disobeys Allah or obeys t he Shayt an means t hat he is sharing wit h him. It was report ed in Sahih Muslim from ` Iyad bin Himar t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:
∠￢ゅ∠ヘ∠レ⊥ェ ヵ⌒キゅ∠ら⌒ハ ⊥ろ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ヶあル⌒ま ｚモ∠ィ∠ヱ ｚゴ∠ハ ⊥ぶや ⊥メヲ⊥ボ∠Α
»
ゅ∠プ ⊥リΒ⌒デゅ∠Βｚゼャや ⊥ユ⊥ヰ∇ゎ∠￢ゅ∠イ∠プ∇ろ∠ョｚゲ∠ェ∠ヱ ∇ユ⌒ヰ⌒レΑ⌒キ ∇リ∠ハ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∇わ∠ャゅ∠わ∇ィ
ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ⊥ろ∇ヤ∠ヤ∇ェ∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユ⌒ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
«
(Allah t he Might y and Exalt ed says, "I have creat ed My servant s as Hunafa' ぴmonot heist sび, t hen t he Shayat in come t o t hem and lead t hem ast ray from t heir religion and (t ell t hat ) what I have permit t ed for t hem is forbidden t o t hem.'') According t o t he Two Sahihs, t he Messenger of Allah said:
∠メゅ∠ホ ⊥ヮ∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∠ヶ⌒ゎ∇ほ∠Α ∇ラ∠ぺ ∠キや∠ケ∠ぺ や∠ク⌒ま ∇ユ⊥ワ∠ギ∠ェ∠ぺ ｚラ∠ぺ ∇ヲ∠ャ
»
⌒ユ∇ジ⌒よ
:
ゅ∠ョ ∠ラゅ∠ト∇Βｚゼャや ⌒ょあレ∠ィ∠ヱ ∠ラゅ∠ト∇Βｚゼャや ゅ∠レ∇らあレ∠ィ ｚユ⊥ヰｚヤャや ⌒ぶや
∠ケ
∇ユ∠ャ ∠マ⌒ャ∠ク ヶ⌒プ ∀ギ∠ャ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヨ⊥ヰ∠レ∇Β∠よ ∇ケｚギ∠ボ⊥Α ∇ラ⌒ま ⊥ヮｚル⌒み∠プ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇ホ∠コ や⇔ギ∠よ∠ぺ ⊥ラゅ∠ト∇Βｚゼャや ⊥ロｚゲ⊥ツ∠Α
«
(When one of you want s t o have int ercourse wit h his wife, let him say, ` In t he Name of Allah.
O Allah, keep us away from Shayt an and keep Shayt an away from what you best ow on us (children).' Then if a child is decreed for t hem from t hat , t he Shayt an will never harm him.)
びや⇔ケヱ⊥ゲ⊥ビ ｚΙ⌒ま ⊥リ⇒∠ト∇Βｚゼャや ⊥ユ⊥ワ⊥ギ⌒バ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ワ∇ギ⌒ハ∠ヱぴ
("...and make promises t o t hem.'' But Shayt an promises t hem not hing but deceit .) As Allah t ells us, Iblis will say, on t he Day when t he mat t er is decided:
び∇ユ⊥ム⊥わ∇ヘ∠ヤ∇カ∠ほ∠プ ∇ユ⊥ムぁゎギ∠ハ∠ヱ∠ヱ あペ∠エ∇ャや ∠ギ∇ハ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ミ∠ギ∠ハ∠ヱ ∠ヮｚヤャや ｚラ⌒まぴ
(Verily, Allah promised you a promise of t rut h. And I t oo promised you, but I bet rayed you.) ぴ14:22び
び∀リ⇒∠ト∇ヤ⊥シ ∇ユ⌒ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∠マ∠ャ ∠ザ∇Β∠ャ ン⌒キゅ∠ら⌒ハ ｚラ⌒まぴ
(Verily, My servant s, you have no aut horit y over t hem.) Here Allah t ells us t hat He support s His believing servant s, and guards and prot ect s t hem against t he accursed Shayt an. Allah says:
あよ∠ゲ⌒よ ヴ∠ヘ∠ミ∠ヱぴ び⇔ΚΒ⌒ミ∠ヱ ∠マ
(And All-Sufficient is your Lord as a Guardian.) meaning, as a Prot ect or, Support er and Helper.
∇やヲ⊥ピ∠わ∇ら∠わ⌒ャ ⌒ゲ∇エ∠ら∇ャや ヴ⌒プ ∠マ∇ヤ⊥ヘ∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥ム∠ャ ヴ⌒ィ∇ゴ⊥Α ン⌒グｚャや ⊥ユ⊥ムぁよｚケぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ⌒ェ∠ケ ∇ユ⊥ム⌒よ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ⊥ヮｚル⌒ま ⌒ヮ⌒ヤ∇ツ∠プ リ⌒ョ
(66. Your Lord is He Who drives t he ship for you t hrough t he sea, in order t hat you may seek of His bount y. Truly, He is ever Most Merciful t owards you.)