knowledge and strategic MSW management options?
The third SRQ of this dissertation is related to KM and service concepts in the way to identify co-created values that enhance the overall performance of MSWM service provision.
Accordingly, the answers are available in ‘Chapter 6’, which encompasses three parts in total.
The first part relates to essential knowledge and roles of KM for MSWM. From the analyzed results, respondents think that knowledge on waste management should be consistently promoted to all residents, to be incorporated in lessons for students, and to waste management providers. The study presents 13 needed types of knowledge for having sustainable waste management. Besides, the results show that KS and KT are needed at each step of MSWM for effective KM. KT can be done internally among service recipients or service providers, or externally between service recipients and providers or other indirect actors. All processes of MSWM need KT to lessen knowledge gaps. Some residents can transfer their knowledge on how to minimize waste generation by using reduce and reuse strategies. Staff in the same or different levels can train or suggest each other in order to have the same knowledge that creates norm of MSWM practice.
In terms of value co-creation, applying KM as an alternative solution to increase the effectiveness of the MSWM system, a big concern for practically successful KM is the transparent MSWM process. In service provider side, if each MSWM process along waste management chain is transparently managed based on well-planned policies complying with all stakeholders requirements, provided MSWM service performance will be improved. On service recipients perspective, if residents who are the main waste generators and any other generators are informed, educated, or learn how to correctly manage their waste, waste generation rate will be decreased. Furthermore, respondents and experts agree that if they know what or how to reduce waste, not only waste generation will reduce, but also consumption of natural resources will decrease.
Values that are co-created by related stakeholders for each MSWM process are identified.
If KM is successfully applied, respondents state that collaboration among key related actors is formed to create mutual benefits, which results in reduction of waste generation, better MSWM service, transparent and effective MSWM system as a whole, and less socio-economic and environmental impacts. In terms of value co-creation, there will be better understanding of how sustainable MSWM should be among all sectors. Consequently, awareness of impacts caused by waste will increase, so will awareness of the importance of ecosystem. Therefore, the better MSWM system will eventually lead to the better well-being of the society as a whole.
In terms of value co-creation in the implementation of partnership at community level, the inclusive CBOs allow a number of opportunities, such as recyclable waste will be correctly sorted and properly managed; waste pickers will be more recognized and have a formal role in MSWM system without losing their source of income; and waste collection staff spend less time in collection process as they do not have to sort out the recyclables. Therefore, all these benefits can be considered as co-created values that are beneficial to all involved actors. The study also proposes a conceptual service policy framework for MSWM system, which provides a better understanding of how inclusive CBOs will enhance the effectiveness of MSWM service at community level.
The last part consists of the analyzed strategic MSWM options. By employing the stakeholder analysis and TOWS analysis techniques, stakeholders from different levels state both common and diverse opinions on MSW generation concerns. From the given issues, solutions are formed as ways to solve the concerns to make the MSWM system more effective. The
solutions are categorized into the four aspects of TOWS analysis. The analysis eventually reveals the possible conflicts of interest and expectation among stakeholders. Consequently, seven strategic MSWM options that the BMA can adopt as a useful guideline for MSWM planning are identified in order to make the MSWM system more effective and reliable.
With the integrated essence of KM and service concepts, co-created values, needed knowledge, and strategic MSWM options are identified and discussed. Incorporating all of these outcomes, the obtained results are constructive for the enhancement of MSWM service provision which fulfills the third SRQ.
MRQ: How to enhance the effectiveness of MSWM service provision by applying the service and KM concepts?
By combining all results that answer the SRQs, the study explains important factors, processes, and techniques that can be applied to enhance the effectiveness of MSWM service provision. To achieve the main objective of this study, the following results were analyzed and explained:
- Factors that are influential to the effectiveness of MSWM system, which are human attitudes on current MSWM, waste generation factors, and technological challenges - Service concept approaches on MSWM partnerships, which are human attitudes on
implementing partnerships; possibility of having partnerships, and essential policies for implementing partnerships
- Co-created values for MSWM service provision, which include important knowledge for MSWM system, co-created values, and strategic management options
With an elaborate comprising of all factors of each perspective, this study proposes a conceptual model that covers the core concepts of KM and service approaches in MSWM perspective. Consequently, all results explicably confirm that the research question of how to enhance the effectiveness of MSWM service provision by applying the service and KM concepts has been entirely achieved.