Information Communication to Promote DR Programs for Small

Generally Emergency Program would be provided with a high necessity for demand reduction in case of power supply shortage, and incentives of these programs would tend to be large. Therefore, this kind of programs should be also provided for small

1) (n N n

n i

Ci 0

n i

Ci 0

)

( ₀

0

i i n

i

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size consumers for incentive enlargement. In order to provide these programs to small size consumers, it is necessary to exchange data between customers and the market, and thus data exchange infrastructure would be necessary. In addition, because market emergency programs require quick response for demand reduction requirement by the market compared with Economic Program , data exchange frequency would be high such as every 15 minutes etc., considering the U.S. market cases.

Considering exchanging data through the infrastructure, major incentives which promote DR for small size consumers should include price reduction and environment-friendliness. Therefore, it is necessary to provide related information of these two major aspects. Generally the diversification of electricity price menus would be complex and it would be difficult for customers to evaluate the optimal price menu.

essential to provide obtained value information.

Table 4-2 shows information and its infrastructure which promote DR programs for small size consumers.

Table 4-2 Information and its Infrastructure Promoting DR Programs for Small Size Consumers

Required infrastructure AMI:

Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Smart Meter, Communication network between service provider and consumer.

For participating to Emergency Program, frequent information exchange such as every 15 minutes is required.

Display

Terminal PC, Smart Phone, In-Home Display etc., for information provision

Required Information Price Related

Information Accumulated incentive amount

Forecast information of future obtaining incentive amount etc.

Environment related information

Accumulated contribution amount by CO2emission reduction Accumulated contribution to forestation

Forecast information of future contribution amount etc.

Summary 4.4.

In this chapter, EMS and DR which are two typical measures for optimal power consumption were considered to explore future effective power utilization in consumers.

With respect to EMS, this study proposed an approach to evaluate the impact of energy reduction on the enterprise productivity, which has not been considered enough, in order to clarify the real effect of consumer-side EMS, whereas many researches for energy reduction effect by EMS have been studied. As the result, it was clarified that EMS should be used for waste energy reduction mainly and energy management activities should not impact on enterprise productivity and profitability. In addition it is important for electric power consumers to understand that excess energy saving results in revenue or productivity reduction. Generally the impact on energy cost by energy reduction is much smaller than that of profit of the enterprise, so balanced energy utilization considering both environmental and business sustainability issues is essential. Also, this research showed that it was important to find optimal environment, and consumer-side EMS and the proposed method can be contribute to decide optimal settings for electricity utilizing equipment. As the future work, RES should be added to this evaluation approach. Although optimal power

larger electric power compared with optimal energy amount from the aspect of CO2

emission, RES, which is environmental friendly but expensive, can be a solution for such the trade-off problem.

Also, DR was considered as a solution for the optimal power utilization method in this study. DR is also one of expected technologies for the future efficient energy utilization and the effectiveness expansion of DR programs is one of the big challenges in the world. In order to expand DR implementation effects, it is necessary to obtain benefits continuously for program participants. Therefore, this research focused on the benefit of DR programs. Through the reorganization of DR programs and clarification of incentive generating mechanisms, this paper described that it was difficult to obtain enough effects in Japan only applying existing DR programs in the world and various arrangements for the targeted market and combination of adequate DR programs were required. In the consideration, some DR promotion points, especially for small size consumers were considered showing incentive provision models and it showed that renewable energy had possibilities to promote DR programs for these consumers. Moreover, because most of

renewable energy generations such as PV and wind power have problem of fluctuating output, new DR programs might be required for power supply reliability and stability.

Although this paper focuses on benefits for suppliers in major DR program types and does not prescribe influences of regulation, subsidies and customer behavior related information, regulation and subsidies affect incentive definition mechanisms and consideration of customer behaviors for DR programs should help program providers to ensure their profitability. Through these researches, we would like to contribute to realize

future advanced EMS f

renewable energy generations.

Chapter References

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[4-2]

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Chapter 5 Optimal Supply and Demand Collaboration for