Chapter 2. Isolation and taxonomic study of the class Ktedonobacteria
2.4 Description of the novel Ktedonobacteria isolates
2.4.1 Description of the novel Ktedonobacteria isolates
Dictyobacteraceae (Dic.ty.o.bac.ter.a’ce.ae. N.L. masc. n. Dictyobacter, type genus of the family; -aceae., suffix denoting a family; N.L. fam. pl. n.
Dictyobacteraceae, the Dictyobacter family).
The description is the same as for the genus Dictyobacter. The family is a member of the order Ktedonobacterales. The type genus is Dictyobacter.
Description of Tengunoibacter gen. nov.
Tengunoibacter (Ten.gu.no.i.bac’ter. N.L. n. Tengunoi, of Tengu-no-mugimeshi, soil-like microbial granule; Gr. masc. n. bacter rod, bacterium; N.L. masc. n.
Tengunoibacter, bacterium of Tengu).
Mesophilic bacteria. Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive, and branched-mycelia-forming. Contain D-glutamic acid, glycine, L-serine, L -alanine, D-alanine, β-alanine, and L-ornithine as peptidoglycan amino acids. Iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C17:0, and Sum in Feature 9 (10-methyl C16:0/iso-C17:1 9c) are the major fatty acids, and MK-9 is the major menaquinone. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of the type strain of the type species is 50.7 mol %. The type species is Tengunoibacter tsumagoiensis.
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Description of Tengunoibacter tsumagoiensis sp. nov.
Tengunoibacter tsumagoiensis (tsu.ma.go.i.en’sis. N.L. masc. adj. tsumagoiensis, named for Tsumagoi Village, Gunma Prefecture, Japan, one of the localities wherein the Tengu-no-mugimeshi occurs).
Cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive, mesophilic, and branched-mycelia-forming. Grows at 20~37 °C (optimum 20~30 °C) and pH 4.0~8.0 (optimum 6.0) on 10-fold-diluted R2A medium. NaCl is not required for growth; growth is observed at 2 % NaCl. Xylan is hydrolyzed. Mannitol, arabinose, fructose, glucose, sucrose, and rhamnose are utilized as sole carbon sources.
Cell-wall peptidoglycans contain D-glutamic acid, glycine, L-serine, L-alanine, D -alanine, β-alanine, and L-ornithine. Cell-wall sugars are mannose, glucose, and galactose. The predominant menaquinone is MK-9. The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) are iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C17:0, Sum In Feature 9 (10-methyl C16:0
and/or iso-C17:1 9c), and C16:1-2OH. The polar lipid profile consists of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unidentified glycolipids, and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of the type strain is 49.4 mol %.
The type strain Uno3T (= NBRC 113152T = LMG 30471T = BCRC 81113T) was isolated from a soil-like granular mass of microorganisms, Tengu-no-mugimeshi, collected in an alpine area in Tsumagoi-mura, Agatsuma-gun, Gunma Prefecture, Japan.
Description of Dictyobacter kobayashii sp. nov.
Dictyobacter kobayashii (ko.ba.ya’shi.i. N.L. gen. n. kobayashii of Kobayashi, named after Mr. Yasuaki Kobayashi, Gunma Prefecture, Japan, a landowner of the “Tengu-no-mugimeshi”-producing area from which the type strain was isolated).
Cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive, mesophilic, and branched-mycelia-forming. Grows at 20~37 °C (optimum 20~30 °C) and pH 4.0~8.0 (optimum 6.0) on 10-fold-diluted R2A medium. NaCl is not required for growth; growth is observed at 2 % NaCl. Cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC),
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skim milk, starch, and xylan are hydrolyzed. Arabinose, glucose, sucrose, xylose, and rhamnose are utilized as sole carbon sources. Cell-wall peptidoglycans contain D-glutamic acid, glycine, L-serine, L-alanine, D-alanine, β-alanine, and L -ornithine. Cell-wall sugars are mannose, arabinose, and xylose. The predominant menaquinone is MK-9(H2). The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) are C16:1-2OH, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C17:0, iso-C16:0, Sum In Feature 9, and anteiso-C17:1 ω9c. The polar lipid profile consists of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified phospholipid, three unidentified glycolipids, and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of the type strain is 50.3 mol %.
The type strain Uno11T (= NBRC 113153T = LMG 30472T = BCRC 81114T) was isolated from a soil-like granular mass of microorganisms, Tengu-no-mugimeshi, collected in an alpine area in Tsumagoi-mura, Agatsuma-gun, Gunma Prefecture, Japan.
Description of Dictyobacter alpinus sp. nov.
Dictyobacter alpinus (al.pi’nus. L. masc. adj. alpinus, pertaining to alpine area).
Cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive, mesophilic, and branched-mycelia-forming. Grows at 11~37 °C (optimum 20~30 °C) and pH 4.0~8.0 (optimum 6.0) on 10-fold-diluted R2A medium. NaCl is not required for growth; growth is observed at 2 % NaCl. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), casein (skim milk), starch, and gelatin are hydrolyzed. Mannitol, arabinose, glucose, sucrose, xylose, and rhamnose are utilized as sole carbon sources. Cell-wall peptidoglycans contain D-glutamic acid, glycine, L-serine, L-alanine, D-alanine, β-alanine, and L-ornithine. Cell-wall sugars are glucose and mannose. The predominant menaquinone is MK-9(H2). The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) are C16:1-2OH, Sum In Feature 9, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0, and iso-C17:0. The polar lipid profile consists of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified glycolipids, and two unidentified lipids. DNA G+C content of the type strain is 49.7 mol %.
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The type strain Uno16T (= NBRC 113154T = BCRC 81115T) was isolated from a soil-like granular mass of microorganisms, Tengu-no-mugimeshi, collected in an alpine area in Tsumagoi-mura, Agatsuma-gun, Gunma Prefecture, Japan.
Description of Dictyobacter vulcani sp. nov.
Dictyobacter vulcani sp. nov. (vul.ca’ni. L. gen. n. vulcani of Vulcan, the god of fire, of the volcano, referring to the Mt. Zao volcano from which the type strain was isolated).
Cells are aerobic, gram-positive, catalase-positive, filamentous, non-motile, and form oval spores on aerial mycelia. Cells grow at 20-37 °C (optimally at 30 °C), pH 5.0-7.0 (optimally at pH 6.0), <2 % (w/v) NaCl on 10-fold diluted R2A medium.
Microcrystalline cellulose and xylan are weakly hydrolyzed. D-Glucose is used as the sole carbon source. The major menaquinone is MK-9. Cell wall amino acids are D-glutamic acid, glycine, serine, D-alanine, alanine, β-alanine, and L-ornithine. Cell wall sugars are mannose and xylose. Polar lipids are phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified glycolipid and phospholipid. The major cellular fatty acid compositions are C16:1-2OH, iso-C17:0, and summed feature 9 (10-methyl C16:0 and/or iso-C17:1
ω9c). DNA G+C content of the type strain is 49.7 mol %.
The type strain, W12T (=NBRC 113551T= BCRC 81169T), was isolated from soil of volcanic Mt. Zao in Miyagi, Japan.
Description of Thermogemmatispora aurantia sp. nov.
Thermogemmatispora aurantia (au.ran’ti.a. N.L. fem. adj. aurantia, orange, referring to the colony colour of the type strain).
Cells are Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, non-motile, and form branched aerial mycelium with multiple grape-like exospores per mother cell.
Growth occurs at 45~69 °C (optimal at 60~65 °C), at pH values of 3.5~9.0 (optimal at pH 6.0~7.0) on 10-fold diluted R2A medium. Grows in the presence of 0~1 % (w/v) NaCl. Casein (skim milk), microcrystalline cellulose, starch, chitin, and xylan
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are hydrolysed. Sucrose and gellan gum are utilised as sole carbon sources while inositol inhibits the growth. The G+C content of the type strain is 63.2 mol%.
The type strain, A1-2T (=NBRC 113123T = CGMCC 1.13886T), was isolated from geothermal clay soil in Miyagi, Japan.
Description of Thermogemmatispora argillosa sp. nov.
Thermogemmatispora argillosa (ar.gil.lo’sa. L. fem. adj. argillosa abounding in clay, referring to the soil from which the type strain was isolated).
Cells are Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, non-motile, and form branched aerial mycelium with multiple grape-like exospores per mother cell.
Growth occurs at 40~78°C (optimal at 60~65 °C), at pH values of 3.5~9.5 (optimal at pH 6.0~7.0) on 10-fold diluted R2A medium. Grows in the presence of 0~1 % (w/v) NaCl. Casein (skim milk), microcrystalline cellulose, starch, chitin and xylan are hydrolysed. Gellan gum is utilised as the sole carbon source while inositol and sucrose could not be utilised. The G+C content of the type strain is 63.1 mol%.
The type strain, A3-2T (=NBRC 113122T = CGMCC 1.13887T), was isolated from geothermal clay soil in Miyagi, Japan.