Conclusions

40

expected to decrease by 2.8 percent from the 2010 level. Similar trends are observed for the biomass model. However, the trend reverses in 2027.

In 2030, we expect to see improvements to global marine fish stocks, although the predicted volume of biomass should still exist below the 2010 level.

A more detailed analysis of the top fishing countries examine d (see Figure 2.4) shows that rich countries such as Japan, the UK and the USA contribute positively to declining global catch levels, which in turn prevent the stock from deteriorating further. This highlights the beneficial impacts of better fisheries management systems used in these countries.

Interesting findings were found in the case of Malaysia. Unlike those of other middle-income countries, Malaysia’s total catch is expected to peak in the near future. However, such declining catch levels are not immediately followed by stock recovery. For other developing countries such as China and Indonesia, we expect to see an increase in catch levels over the next two decades, leading to a steady decline in stock levels.

41

growth will lead to stock improvements. We also found that population density places constant pressure on resource use by increasing catch levels or reducing stock sizes.

Our models forecast that over the next two decades, global catch levels should decline alongside economic and population growth. We also expect to find a slight decline in stock levels followed indications of stock recovery. However, our models do not dismiss the need for more stringent environmental regulations and for the use of better fisheries management practices. The higher secondary turning point and the small value of the

Figure 2.4 Projection of landings and stocks for the examined countries

42

lagged error-correction term of the biomass model suggest that current quota-based management approaches that attempt to limit the volume of catch might help mitigate pressures on the environment while preventing stock depletion. However, stock recovery is unlikely to be observed over the short term.

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47 Appendix 2A. Estimated Stock

Table 2A1. Estimated Biomass

1950195119521953195419551956195719581959196019611962196319641965196619671968196919701971197219731974197519761977197819791980 1Albania90.200.200.190.190.190.180.180.180.170.170.170.170.170.170.170.170.160.160.160.160.150.150.140.140.140.130.130.120.120.120.11 2Algeria1855.124.534.183.943.783.663.573.503.443.403.373.333.303.293.283.283.273.273.263.263.253.253.253.243.233.213.193.183.163.153.13 3American Samoa960.090.090.080.080.080.080.080.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.060.070.060.060.060.060.06 4Angola8013.1812.1711.5011.0610.7010.4110.119.659.269.048.848.698.548.388.258.007.867.657.477.296.996.776.606.145.825.555.575.665.735.795.86 5Antigua and Barbuda320.100.090.080.080.070.070.070.070.070.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.05 6Argentina6134.2832.2930.9329.9429.1828.5828.1027.7227.4027.1326.9026.7026.5426.3926.2326.0425.8425.6125.4325.1424.9524.8424.7224.6024.3824.1824.1323.9723.6423.0722.48 7Aruba760.080.080.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06 8Australia27110.8210.3610.029.759.529.329.179.038.908.798.688.588.498.408.308.228.138.047.967.887.807.707.577.457.337.177.096.986.856.726.59 9Bahamas, The450.680.630.600.580.560.550.540.530.520.510.500.500.490.480.480.470.460.450.440.440.430.420.410.400.390.390.380.370.370.360.35 10Bahrain360.850.730.670.620.590.570.550.530.520.510.500.490.480.480.470.460.450.440.440.430.430.430.430.430.430.430.430.430.430.430.43 11Bangladesh10418.3416.3215.0914.2413.6313.1712.8112.5212.2912.1011.9411.8011.6711.5611.4511.3611.2811.2111.1411.0711.0110.9510.8910.8210.7610.6810.6210.5610.4910.4210.35 12Barbados440.230.210.200.190.180.170.170.160.160.150.150.140.140.140.130.130.130.120.120.120.120.110.110.110.110.110.110.100.100.100.10 13Belgium750.530.510.490.460.430.400.370.340.340.330.320.320.310.310.310.300.290.290.290.290.290.280.280.280.270.270.260.250.250.260.26 14Belize570.220.210.200.190.180.180.170.170.170.160.160.160.160.150.150.150.150.150.140.140.140.140.140.130.130.130.130.130.130.130.13 15Benin891.691.581.511.461.411.381.351.331.311.301.291.271.261.241.231.211.191.161.161.151.131.131.131.121.121.121.121.121.121.111.11 16Bermuda560.040.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02 17Bosnia and Herzegovina320.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 18Brazil26030.2128.0026.6125.6024.8724.2723.7723.3523.0122.7022.3722.0421.7321.2820.8420.5220.2319.9019.5019.1718.8918.5718.2017.7417.2316.8316.4916.2815.9215.4714.99 19Brunei Darussalam540.320.280.260.250.240.240.230.230.220.220.220.220.210.210.210.210.210.210.210.200.200.200.200.200.200.200.200.200.200.200.20 20Bulgaria150.430.410.390.370.360.340.330.330.320.310.310.300.290.290.280.280.280.270.270.270.270.260.260.260.260.250.250.240.230.230.22 21Cabo Verde390.540.500.470.450.440.420.410.400.390.390.380.380.370.370.360.360.350.340.340.330.320.320.310.310.310.310.300.300.290.290.29 22Cambodia10531.7230.1328.9828.1227.4426.9126.4826.1325.8425.6125.4125.2525.1024.9824.8824.8024.6824.5524.4224.2524.0623.8423.6123.3623.1222.9122.7222.5122.1521.8121.53 23Cameroon602.482.322.212.132.072.021.981.941.901.871.851.831.821.801.781.771.761.751.751.741.731.711.681.651.601.561.521.481.441.401.37 24Canada172199.38192.85187.49182.05177.04171.55166.47161.47156.70151.84146.67141.14134.88129.00122.72116.44109.80103.6797.6591.1185.7981.4577.3473.6269.9767.4265.5064.4365.0066.3667.68 25Cayman Islands180.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 26Chile86112.66109.01106.46104.51102.98101.75100.6999.8499.1398.5498.0197.3796.7496.2294.7692.6492.2091.0590.3889.4188.8987.9487.1287.1287.2886.0985.3684.6683.2880.9379.91 27China185219.92203.34192.49184.67178.89174.18170.35166.92164.20161.89159.88158.17156.71155.36154.20153.16152.19151.31150.59149.84149.17148.64148.06147.33146.55145.65144.60143.68142.72141.94141.31 28Colombia743.233.173.133.093.053.023.002.982.952.922.882.842.782.692.572.522.472.392.292.222.202.132.092.001.841.751.651.651.601.611.63 29Comoros210.430.390.370.350.340.330.330.320.320.310.310.310.300.300.300.300.300.300.290.290.290.290.290.280.280.280.280.280.280.280.28 30Congo, Dem. Rep.410.500.460.430.410.400.390.380.370.370.360.350.350.340.340.330.330.320.320.310.310.300.290.290.280.270.260.250.240.240.230.23 31Congo, Rep.562.021.961.921.881.851.831.801.781.761.731.701.681.661.631.611.571.521.471.461.441.421.401.371.331.291.231.181.121.061.020.97 32Costa Rica812.682.602.552.502.472.442.422.402.392.372.352.322.292.262.232.182.142.112.082.032.011.981.911.841.741.641.621.601.601.591.57 33Côte d'Ivoire1393.243.133.052.992.942.892.852.812.772.742.702.662.612.572.522.482.442.392.352.312.282.242.212.192.172.162.152.132.102.072.04 34Croatia571.831.721.641.581.521.481.451.411.381.361.341.321.301.291.271.251.241.221.211.191.181.181.161.151.141.131.121.111.101.081.07 35Cuba551.701.641.601.561.531.511.481.461.441.421.401.381.361.341.321.301.271.251.231.211.191.171.141.111.081.041.010.980.950.920.90 36Curaçao280.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.04 37Denmark13544.0642.9842.0641.2740.6039.8239.1338.5337.9137.3036.7536.2635.7235.1834.5833.9133.3332.8132.2531.5730.9530.3929.8029.2728.6828.0927.3426.5525.9425.3324.81 38Djibouti100.040.040.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.03 39Dominica370.060.050.050.050.050.050.050.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.03 40Dominican Republic921.741.531.401.311.241.191.151.121.091.071.051.031.021.000.990.970.960.950.940.930.920.920.910.890.890.880.870.870.870.870.86

No. of SpeciesCountryNoYear

48

198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010 1Albania90.110.110.100.100.100.090.090.080.070.070.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06 2Algeria1853.113.083.043.002.972.922.892.832.762.702.662.642.592.542.452.412.402.382.362.332.282.212.142.062.011.941.841.751.661.59 3American Samoa960.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.070.070.060.060.060.060.060.050.060.050.040.040.040.040.040.030.030.03 4Angola805.976.016.086.166.286.366.456.566.606.636.596.596.606.626.596.576.596.556.486.406.296.196.186.186.206.176.126.056.005.95 5Antigua and Barbuda320.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.03 6Argentina6122.2822.1521.8421.6121.5521.3721.1820.8920.5020.1119.6519.0518.3217.3816.6915.7714.8113.7312.9912.3912.0211.6211.2410.9110.5610.269.618.988.167.69 7Aruba760.060.060.050.050.050.050.050.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.030.030.030.020.020.020.020.020.02 8Australia2716.506.346.186.025.885.725.585.405.195.004.774.504.324.144.023.883.763.623.493.363.263.143.082.992.912.812.712.702.692.68 9Bahamas, The450.340.340.330.320.310.290.290.290.280.280.280.270.270.260.260.260.250.250.240.240.230.230.230.220.220.210.210.210.210.21 10Bahrain360.430.420.420.420.410.400.400.390.390.380.380.380.370.370.360.350.340.330.330.320.320.320.320.320.310.310.310.310.300.29 11Bangladesh10410.2810.2210.1510.0810.019.929.829.709.599.489.379.269.149.018.898.768.638.518.398.268.158.027.907.777.577.407.257.116.976.78 12Barbados440.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.090.090.090.090.090.100.090.100.090.100.090.090.100.100.100.100.100.10 13Belgium750.260.250.240.240.240.240.250.250.260.260.270.280.280.290.290.300.310.320.330.330.340.350.360.360.370.380.390.390.400.41 14Belize570.130.120.120.120.120.120.120.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.11 15Benin891.101.101.091.071.061.051.031.010.980.950.910.870.840.810.780.760.730.710.690.670.640.620.590.560.530.490.470.450.440.42 16Bermuda560.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02 17Bosnia and Herzegovina320.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 18Brazil26014.6814.3914.0513.6213.0912.5812.1211.6411.3011.0010.9510.8610.7910.8110.7910.8010.8310.7710.7510.7710.7510.6410.5310.4910.4310.3710.2910.1810.079.93 19Brunei Darussalam540.200.200.200.200.190.190.190.190.190.190.190.180.180.180.170.170.160.160.160.160.160.150.150.140.140.130.130.120.120.11 20Bulgaria150.200.190.180.170.170.160.150.150.150.150.160.160.170.180.180.190.190.190.200.200.200.210.200.200.200.200.200.200.200.20 21Cabo Verde390.290.280.280.270.270.260.260.260.260.250.250.250.250.250.240.230.230.220.210.200.190.180.180.180.170.150.150.140.140.13 22Cambodia10521.2820.9420.5120.0319.6019.1018.5317.8717.3616.9116.4716.0715.5615.0914.5714.0413.3912.7311.9811.2110.449.799.098.397.636.856.175.595.465.31 23Cameroon601.341.321.301.291.271.261.251.241.231.211.181.141.121.091.061.020.990.960.920.880.840.800.770.730.690.670.660.650.650.64 24Canada17269.2670.9772.8274.7576.7778.5980.1681.8283.5085.1886.8889.0491.6094.3896.93100.31103.59106.80110.12113.41116.63119.76122.81125.75128.59131.45134.25137.01139.74142.11 25Cayman Islands180.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 26Chile8678.7077.0773.6471.3669.2066.8963.8461.1258.7155.3052.2649.0846.3244.7142.0339.3636.7335.2035.1033.8133.1932.5331.8331.0228.8427.3526.1525.4324.8924.13 27China185140.78140.23139.26138.35137.13135.65134.28132.43130.44128.96127.01124.95122.07119.55115.98111.59106.18100.6295.5692.3289.5486.0982.8580.3278.0676.0374.2172.2870.1768.05 28Colombia741.631.611.591.601.571.481.461.441.401.371.321.251.121.091.091.081.051.031.011.031.021.021.031.031.051.071.091.081.091.10 29Comoros210.280.280.280.270.270.260.260.260.260.250.240.240.230.230.220.220.210.200.190.180.180.170.160.150.140.140.130.130.120.12 30Congo, Dem. Rep.410.230.230.230.230.230.230.230.230.230.230.230.230.230.230.230.230.230.230.220.220.220.220.220.210.210.210.210.210.210.21 31Congo, Rep.560.910.860.820.770.740.720.710.690.690.680.680.690.700.710.710.720.730.740.750.760.760.770.770.770.770.770.770.770.760.76 32Costa Rica811.551.511.481.481.441.341.231.171.131.091.071.071.071.051.021.000.970.960.950.940.920.920.880.840.820.800.780.780.790.79 33Côte d'Ivoire1392.032.022.012.002.001.991.981.961.961.941.921.901.861.821.801.781.761.731.721.691.671.661.651.651.651.651.671.681.691.70 34Croatia571.051.031.000.970.940.910.880.840.810.790.770.770.760.740.740.740.750.760.760.780.790.800.820.820.820.820.810.810.810.79 35Cuba550.870.850.830.800.770.740.710.680.660.630.610.600.590.580.570.560.550.530.520.510.490.490.490.490.490.500.510.510.520.53 36Curaçao280.040.040.040.030.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 37Denmark13524.1623.5122.9122.3921.8121.3120.7120.3719.6619.0218.7118.1917.4717.1216.5015.7715.4415.0014.7014.4814.1913.8013.3913.3913.3213.3513.4713.7514.0014.16 38Djibouti100.030.030.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02 39Dominica370.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.03 40Dominican Republic920.850.840.820.800.780.770.750.730.710.700.680.680.650.630.620.610.610.600.610.600.600.590.580.580.580.580.580.580.580.57 YearNoCountryNo. of Species

49

1950195119521953195419551956195719581959196019611962196319641965196619671968196919701971197219731974197519761977197819791980 41Ecuador6920.0019.4919.1618.9318.7518.6118.5018.4018.3218.2618.1918.1418.0918.0417.9617.9117.8617.8117.7617.6917.6217.5417.4417.3117.1116.8916.6216.1415.3614.2513.23 42Egypt, Arab Rep.732.842.622.482.372.302.232.192.142.102.052.001.961.921.881.831.781.751.741.731.721.721.721.711.701.711.701.691.681.661.651.62 43El Salvador622.312.272.242.222.202.182.172.162.132.102.071.981.881.801.731.651.581.501.451.381.341.301.251.221.151.101.071.041.040.980.95 44Equatorial Guinea801.341.281.241.211.191.171.151.141.121.111.101.091.081.081.071.061.051.051.041.021.000.990.970.940.920.880.840.790.760.740.74 45Eritrea520.530.500.480.460.440.420.400.380.370.360.360.360.350.340.340.340.320.310.300.290.280.270.250.250.250.250.260.260.270.280.29 46Estonia472.572.322.162.041.951.881.821.771.731.701.671.651.631.611.591.571.551.531.521.491.471.451.431.401.381.351.331.311.301.281.27 47Faroe Islands9014.9914.0713.3712.8012.2811.7511.1610.5510.3110.3310.3210.4010.5510.7210.8610.8910.4910.1410.029.969.979.919.949.9910.0710.2210.3210.4010.5010.5310.59 48Fiji521.571.521.471.441.411.381.361.331.321.301.281.261.241.231.211.201.181.171.151.141.121.111.101.081.071.061.041.031.021.000.98 49Finland463.342.942.702.532.402.302.222.162.112.082.042.011.991.971.931.921.901.881.871.841.821.801.781.761.731.711.691.671.641.621.60 50France29411.3510.549.999.609.309.088.898.738.588.448.348.228.087.977.887.807.727.647.547.437.347.287.227.097.036.906.766.566.396.216.06 51French Polynesia330.640.600.580.560.550.540.530.530.520.510.490.460.430.430.430.430.430.430.420.420.420.410.400.390.390.380.370.360.350.260.25 52Gabon793.583.443.343.263.203.153.113.073.043.022.992.962.942.912.892.862.832.792.742.692.632.602.552.512.462.422.382.322.262.152.05 53Gambia, The1994.884.634.464.344.254.184.124.074.033.993.973.953.933.913.883.863.823.793.763.743.713.623.433.263.163.113.052.992.952.912.88 54Georgia372.782.402.202.061.971.911.861.821.791.771.751.731.721.701.691.681.661.651.631.611.591.571.551.521.491.451.411.361.321.261.21 55Germany1184.804.644.514.394.274.164.053.973.883.803.743.703.643.593.513.443.393.313.253.173.123.053.012.962.892.832.782.742.712.712.71 56Ghana8713.0412.2911.7811.4111.1110.8910.7110.5410.3810.2510.1310.049.959.869.769.649.539.419.299.209.048.828.578.278.157.997.787.627.437.277.14 57Greece685.885.465.184.974.814.674.564.474.384.304.234.164.094.044.003.953.923.883.853.823.803.773.753.733.703.673.633.593.553.513.47 58Greenland9016.1715.3914.8314.3013.9013.5113.1512.8512.5712.2111.9011.6311.3210.9710.6510.349.979.649.328.998.788.668.508.328.208.057.947.857.797.797.75 59Grenada500.150.150.140.140.130.130.120.120.110.110.110.100.100.100.090.090.090.090.080.080.070.070.070.060.060.060.060.060.050.050.05 60Guam730.040.040.040.040.040.040.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.01 61Guatemala841.171.091.041.000.980.950.940.920.910.900.890.880.850.840.830.820.810.800.790.770.770.760.750.740.730.710.690.690.670.660.65 62Guinea12111.029.698.958.478.127.877.677.517.397.287.197.107.016.916.836.766.716.676.626.576.526.466.406.346.286.216.136.045.935.805.68 63Guinea-Bissau1448.567.937.537.257.056.906.786.686.596.516.446.386.326.266.206.136.086.035.985.925.865.805.745.675.605.525.435.365.245.135.00 64Guyana571.431.351.291.241.211.181.161.141.121.111.101.081.071.061.051.041.031.021.011.000.990.980.970.950.940.930.920.910.890.870.86 65Haiti670.580.490.440.410.390.370.360.350.340.340.330.330.320.320.310.310.310.310.300.300.300.300.290.290.290.290.290.280.280.280.28 66Honduras920.530.510.490.480.470.460.450.450.440.430.430.420.420.410.410.410.400.400.390.380.380.370.360.350.350.350.350.340.340.330.32 67Hong Kong SAR, China830.510.500.490.490.480.470.470.460.460.450.450.450.440.440.440.430.420.410.410.390.380.360.350.340.340.330.320.310.300.290.28 68Iceland6847.3045.0743.4242.1641.0840.1839.4038.6938.0937.5637.0236.5435.9735.3034.7633.9733.1532.5632.2832.0831.7831.4831.2631.0430.7130.3730.0729.7529.0428.2227.38 69India206116.12102.6994.6789.2685.2382.1079.6877.5975.7974.5273.5872.5471.7671.1270.6269.8569.2568.6368.1167.5767.1566.5165.8665.3964.8564.1363.3062.6462.1261.4860.94 70Indonesia143161.01147.77139.35133.49129.23126.00123.52121.57120.03118.79117.80117.00116.25115.59115.03114.52113.97113.42112.98112.48111.96111.25110.61109.92109.19108.50107.73106.74105.42104.22103.15 71Iran, Islamic Rep.13211.2510.489.929.489.148.858.628.418.248.087.957.827.717.617.527.437.357.277.197.137.067.016.966.916.876.836.786.726.666.606.55 72Iraq120.300.280.270.260.250.250.240.240.230.230.230.230.220.220.220.220.220.220.220.210.210.210.210.210.200.190.180.170.170.160.15 73Ireland13114.2313.6813.2412.8812.5612.2812.0711.8411.6211.4111.2311.0110.9010.7810.6510.5310.4410.3710.2810.1810.079.949.819.699.579.469.399.369.399.399.38 74Israel490.160.150.140.140.140.130.130.130.120.120.120.110.110.110.110.110.110.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.090.090.090.090.090.090.09 75Italy9624.9723.9023.0522.1621.5020.9320.4319.9519.6219.3519.1318.9618.7618.6618.5118.3518.1717.9617.7317.5617.4117.2117.0516.8416.5716.2815.8415.4415.1114.6914.26 76Jamaica621.581.481.411.351.311.271.241.221.191.171.151.141.121.111.091.081.071.051.041.031.021.000.990.980.970.960.940.930.920.910.89 77Japan159251.82239.16230.31223.55217.91213.23209.03205.37201.65198.30195.06191.98188.74185.81183.20181.47179.45177.72175.93173.88172.16170.10167.90165.63163.12160.45157.53154.48151.24147.64144.29 78Jordan180.010.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 79Kenya450.480.450.420.410.390.380.370.360.360.350.340.340.330.330.320.320.310.310.300.300.290.280.280.270.270.260.250.250.240.240.23 80Kiribati354.554.173.933.773.653.573.503.443.403.353.303.283.263.233.223.203.193.173.163.153.123.143.153.143.143.143.133.113.093.053.06

NoCountryNo. of SpeciesYear

50

198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010 41Ecuador6912.1611.4110.5210.289.247.566.586.055.374.934.904.844.834.684.644.584.234.004.024.054.023.994.114.224.364.444.604.794.925.11 42Egypt, Arab Rep.731.601.591.581.571.551.531.521.511.481.451.411.381.361.311.291.271.241.211.161.091.061.031.011.000.990.970.950.910.860.83 43El Salvador620.960.930.910.910.850.840.830.820.810.810.820.830.850.850.850.840.820.820.820.840.870.890.910.920.940.950.960.971.001.03 44Equatorial Guinea800.710.670.640.620.610.590.580.570.560.560.550.550.540.550.540.540.530.530.520.520.520.520.520.530.540.550.550.560.560.57 45Eritrea520.290.300.310.320.330.330.340.340.350.360.360.370.380.390.400.400.410.420.430.440.430.430.430.430.430.430.430.430.440.45 46Estonia471.261.261.251.241.231.211.201.191.171.161.151.151.151.141.121.091.061.021.000.980.960.940.940.950.950.940.950.950.920.90 47Faroe Islands9010.7310.8611.0411.1511.1711.1611.0811.0411.0111.0111.0311.1411.2311.3111.4011.3211.3411.2611.1611.1010.9610.6810.5610.119.859.569.269.089.069.05 48Fiji520.970.960.960.950.950.940.940.930.930.930.930.930.930.930.930.930.940.950.950.960.960.950.950.950.960.970.980.980.990.98 49Finland461.581.581.571.551.531.521.501.491.471.461.451.451.431.411.371.331.301.251.211.171.141.121.121.141.151.141.141.121.101.08 50France2945.905.855.805.655.555.425.295.205.054.964.884.814.704.634.574.514.494.444.414.334.254.204.144.053.993.933.883.823.813.79 51French Polynesia330.240.230.230.230.230.230.220.220.220.220.220.220.210.220.220.220.230.230.230.230.240.240.240.250.250.250.260.260.270.27 52Gabon791.961.871.801.731.691.631.581.551.501.471.441.411.391.371.331.261.231.211.161.121.051.010.960.920.860.820.800.780.750.74 53Gambia, The1992.842.812.782.762.742.652.572.472.362.211.991.791.721.671.641.631.621.621.641.641.641.601.571.521.471.441.411.381.341.31 54Georgia371.151.101.051.010.960.920.890.850.810.850.921.001.061.131.201.251.291.321.341.361.371.381.381.371.351.321.291.241.161.10 55Germany1182.712.712.702.692.682.672.682.692.712.732.772.812.842.872.892.912.932.942.972.983.003.013.023.063.083.093.113.133.163.20 56Ghana877.036.906.816.736.686.606.506.336.226.126.005.885.715.595.525.415.205.034.874.664.494.344.244.093.923.803.693.623.483.35 57Greece683.433.383.323.273.203.143.052.972.902.832.772.702.632.552.422.322.232.142.092.042.001.971.941.911.881.851.821.791.761.74 58Greenland907.717.777.847.907.977.857.827.807.837.787.757.807.797.737.687.797.917.947.998.038.068.038.007.977.998.028.048.088.128.20 59Grenada500.050.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.08 60Guam730.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.03 61Guatemala840.640.630.620.620.610.600.600.600.590.580.580.570.560.550.530.510.490.480.460.440.430.410.400.390.380.370.370.360.360.36 62Guinea1215.565.455.355.265.195.155.115.085.055.044.984.894.844.814.814.744.684.554.404.314.174.053.963.923.913.893.813.723.643.51 63Guinea-Bissau1444.784.614.414.234.123.983.793.583.413.183.093.012.992.972.952.922.882.842.812.772.692.632.582.532.492.452.442.432.442.47 64Guyana570.850.840.830.820.810.800.790.790.780.770.760.750.750.730.720.700.660.620.590.550.530.500.490.460.440.430.410.400.390.38 65Haiti670.280.280.280.270.270.270.270.270.270.270.270.270.260.260.260.260.250.250.250.240.240.230.230.220.220.210.210.200.190.19 66Honduras920.320.310.310.300.300.290.270.260.250.250.250.240.230.230.220.210.200.190.190.180.170.170.160.150.140.140.140.140.140.14 67Hong Kong SAR, China830.270.260.250.250.240.230.220.210.200.180.180.170.160.150.140.140.130.120.120.130.130.130.140.140.140.150.150.150.160.16 68Iceland6826.7226.1826.3126.4025.7825.0424.2923.5822.7722.2221.6821.6521.0620.3919.9519.6018.8517.8817.4216.9816.2815.5014.6113.9013.3112.8112.7112.4512.2812.24 69India20660.5560.0859.1158.2157.5257.0756.6056.1655.7054.7153.6152.3751.3050.7149.6648.7747.5446.1144.7743.6842.6742.0641.1840.4139.6438.9838.2637.3036.4035.49 70Indonesia143102.42101.6499.7597.7395.7793.5691.3088.8286.4784.1582.2180.6278.9577.4075.6473.5171.2669.1866.9964.9762.9360.9258.8856.8154.8453.1351.2849.5548.1746.71 71Iran, Islamic Rep.1326.526.486.446.406.366.316.236.136.015.875.745.605.425.274.994.734.494.183.983.753.573.453.343.293.243.203.163.153.113.09 72Iraq120.150.150.140.140.140.140.140.140.140.140.150.150.160.160.160.160.150.140.130.120.110.090.080.080.080.080.070.070.070.06 73Ireland1319.329.209.068.928.788.648.508.338.167.947.787.757.717.617.447.116.836.676.316.095.905.825.715.485.254.924.614.374.194.14 74Israel490.090.090.090.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06 75Italy9613.9113.5313.1212.8212.5012.1611.8611.6711.5711.5211.5411.5211.5211.4911.4711.4211.4111.4011.3611.3911.4311.5511.7311.8812.0612.2912.4812.7012.9713.23 76Jamaica620.880.880.870.860.850.850.840.840.850.850.850.850.860.860.870.880.880.890.900.910.920.930.940.950.960.970.980.991.001.01 77Japan159140.76136.91133.04128.85123.99119.63114.99110.44105.76101.4097.4894.5992.5990.6789.2388.1286.4085.1584.7384.0683.7483.9784.5184.8185.2585.7286.2586.9587.6288.65 78Jordan180.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 79Kenya450.220.210.210.200.200.190.180.180.170.170.170.170.170.170.170.170.170.170.170.180.180.180.180.190.190.190.190.190.190.19 80Kiribati353.043.043.032.992.992.992.982.952.952.952.862.782.672.572.502.562.562.422.262.202.141.991.721.761.781.721.681.651.601.42 YearNoCountryNo. of Species

51

1950195119521953195419551956195719581959196019611962196319641965196619671968196919701971197219731974197519761977197819791980 81Korea, Dem. People's Rep.8422.8422.1721.6021.0920.6520.2119.7719.3318.8818.4418.0117.6017.2216.8816.5516.2515.9715.6615.3515.0414.7414.4514.1513.8113.4613.0612.6412.0511.5210.8710.27 82Korea, Rep.18273.6268.3064.8762.4360.6259.2458.1057.0756.1555.3754.7254.2053.6653.1652.7252.2551.8051.4051.0250.6050.1749.7349.2448.5747.8747.0246.2445.4744.6443.7942.93 83Kuwait240.770.690.640.600.570.550.530.510.500.480.470.460.450.440.440.430.420.410.400.400.390.380.380.370.360.360.360.370.370.370.38 84Latvia483.553.233.012.862.742.652.572.512.452.412.372.342.312.292.262.242.222.192.162.122.092.062.031.991.961.921.891.861.841.821.80 85Lebanon200.240.210.190.180.170.160.150.150.150.140.140.140.130.130.130.130.130.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.110.110.110.110.110.11 86Liberia1341.761.581.471.401.351.321.291.261.251.231.211.201.181.171.161.151.141.131.121.111.101.081.051.031.021.011.011.000.990.970.96 87Libya911.821.651.551.481.431.401.371.341.321.311.291.281.271.271.261.251.251.251.251.241.241.241.241.241.241.241.241.241.241.231.23 88Lithuania440.870.830.800.780.760.740.720.710.700.680.670.670.660.650.640.640.630.620.620.610.590.580.570.560.550.530.520.510.500.500.49 89Madagascar513.382.992.762.602.502.422.362.312.272.242.212.192.172.152.142.122.112.102.082.062.042.022.001.981.961.941.931.921.901.881.86 90Malaysia17183.6475.3470.3567.0064.6362.8761.5460.5159.7159.0558.5158.0557.6657.3056.9556.5656.1755.7855.3854.9654.6554.3053.8253.2852.6451.9251.2250.3249.4348.4547.53 91Maldives613.172.862.672.542.442.372.322.282.242.222.192.182.162.152.142.142.122.112.102.092.082.052.032.011.981.951.931.931.931.941.94 92Malta1010.050.050.050.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.02 93Marshall Islands600.810.760.710.690.670.650.640.630.620.610.600.590.590.580.570.570.560.550.540.540.530.530.530.520.500.490.460.440.420.390.38 94Mauritania18522.0420.3319.2618.5418.0117.6217.3217.0916.9016.7516.6216.5216.4316.3316.2516.1516.0515.9815.8415.6115.3815.1114.8014.5314.2113.7813.4112.9412.6812.7112.76 95Mauritius460.460.440.430.420.410.410.400.400.390.390.380.380.380.370.370.370.360.360.350.330.330.330.330.320.320.320.320.310.300.300.30 96Mexico14261.2156.4353.3651.2049.5448.2147.1146.1345.4044.5443.7142.9142.1541.5140.8940.5040.2439.9539.4939.1538.9338.5138.0937.6737.2937.0436.7736.7336.7036.1435.36 97Micronesia, Fed. Sts.655.325.024.814.664.534.444.354.294.234.174.114.084.034.003.983.953.933.903.883.863.823.813.813.803.753.733.723.713.683.613.57 98Montenegro550.040.040.040.040.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02 99Morocco17545.8841.1238.3336.4135.0434.0733.3432.7332.1731.7031.3331.0230.7630.5030.2730.0529.7929.3829.0028.6728.2427.7827.3026.7225.9725.4324.9324.5123.9523.6323.46 100Mozambique634.694.284.003.793.643.523.423.333.273.213.163.113.073.033.002.972.942.912.882.852.812.782.742.692.652.592.532.472.422.372.31 101Myanmar9238.3134.6432.3530.7829.6528.8028.1527.6327.2126.8826.6226.4126.2726.1526.0626.0125.9325.8825.8225.7425.6525.5725.4825.4025.2525.1625.0424.9024.7724.6724.58 102Namibia4261.0360.6360.0759.3158.5457.8857.3356.8456.3855.9755.4855.0054.4153.7152.5750.9649.0446.9744.0139.9136.3034.3632.3030.7528.8026.8924.7523.1122.2721.2820.91 103Netherlands14614.1313.5913.1112.7112.2911.9511.6911.4611.1910.9510.7210.5110.2510.019.719.429.219.018.938.798.628.438.268.117.977.837.727.697.707.747.76 104New Caledonia390.330.290.270.260.250.240.230.230.220.220.220.210.210.200.200.200.200.200.190.190.190.190.180.180.170.170.170.160.160.160.15 105New Zealand8725.3724.4823.8223.3022.8822.5222.2221.9521.7121.5221.3221.1320.9920.8820.7720.6720.5520.4320.3120.1520.0019.8419.6319.3118.9818.5718.3217.8317.1116.9516.68 106Nicaragua321.121.061.020.990.950.930.910.890.870.850.840.820.800.780.770.750.740.720.700.670.650.620.600.580.550.540.520.500.480.470.46 107Nigeria4910.309.498.978.618.348.147.987.867.767.687.627.567.527.487.457.417.377.347.307.277.257.217.127.046.976.906.856.796.736.696.64 108Northern Mariana Islands830.120.120.120.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.090.090.090.090.080.070.070.060.060.050.04 109Norway13681.9375.8171.7268.8667.0365.0763.8362.4361.4060.5959.7658.9858.2657.7657.2956.8556.0954.4452.2951.0050.1349.0248.0747.0646.2545.4944.9543.5041.9641.2440.58 110Oman595.194.644.304.073.903.763.643.553.473.413.353.313.263.223.183.153.123.083.053.023.002.982.962.942.922.892.872.842.812.782.74 111Pakistan12225.0323.1121.9121.0820.3919.8619.4219.0618.8018.5618.3618.1617.9917.8717.7217.5217.3217.0916.9016.7516.5916.4316.3016.1315.9415.8115.6815.5315.3515.0814.86 112Palau541.361.181.081.010.970.940.910.900.880.870.860.850.840.840.830.830.820.820.810.810.810.800.790.800.790.790.790.790.790.800.80 113Panama525.194.974.814.694.604.524.454.384.324.274.214.164.124.063.943.843.763.643.573.523.513.493.453.433.383.363.343.243.103.062.99 114Papua New Guinea526.755.715.164.824.594.414.294.194.114.043.983.953.913.863.843.803.793.753.733.713.673.413.173.223.243.203.233.233.253.273.32 115Peru49292.92281.47272.59265.55259.88255.24251.37248.05245.07242.07238.14233.07226.50218.51211.57202.24196.09188.57179.65170.63163.87152.41143.93143.57146.44146.82148.13148.28150.83152.16153.54 116Philippines16037.0932.2729.5227.7226.4625.5224.8024.2523.8323.4723.1822.9422.7322.5322.3122.0721.8321.6021.3821.1220.9320.7620.6120.4220.2120.0319.8119.6119.4319.2819.15 117Poland535.074.864.704.564.444.344.254.174.104.043.983.933.893.843.803.773.733.693.653.593.543.483.433.373.313.243.163.103.043.002.95 118Portugal23913.1812.7912.4512.1311.8111.5111.2811.0210.7710.5210.2910.059.809.569.308.988.668.438.208.027.927.737.577.417.237.147.087.016.966.936.90 119Puerto Rico370.170.170.160.160.160.160.150.150.150.150.150.140.140.140.140.130.130.130.130.130.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.110.110.110.11 120Qatar430.250.240.220.220.210.200.200.200.200.200.190.190.190.190.190.190.190.190.180.180.180.180.180.180.180.170.170.170.170.170.17

NoCountryNo. of SpeciesYear

52

198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010 81Korea, Dem. People's Rep.849.729.148.588.227.917.637.326.936.646.336.316.416.526.616.726.877.127.397.698.008.318.638.949.269.499.7910.0910.4110.7311.08 82Korea, Rep.18242.1441.3140.6339.8939.1438.5137.5636.8236.1735.4534.7534.2233.7232.9132.1731.4431.1931.2630.7029.8729.2328.8528.6128.4028.0427.6627.2626.8326.3426.10 83Kuwait240.390.390.380.370.360.350.350.330.310.300.300.300.290.280.270.260.260.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.240.240.24 84Latvia481.771.741.721.691.661.631.611.591.571.561.551.541.531.531.511.481.421.361.341.331.321.321.311.311.301.301.301.301.291.27 85Lebanon200.110.110.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.110.110.100.100.100.100.090.090.090.090.080.080.080.080.08 86Liberia1340.950.930.910.900.890.870.850.830.790.770.740.720.710.700.690.680.670.650.640.630.620.610.600.590.580.570.550.540.520.51 87Libya911.221.221.211.201.191.181.171.161.151.141.131.131.121.111.101.081.071.051.041.010.980.950.910.870.820.780.750.700.660.62 88Lithuania440.480.470.460.450.440.430.430.420.410.410.410.400.400.390.380.370.350.320.310.300.290.290.280.270.270.260.260.240.240.23 89Madagascar511.841.821.801.781.761.741.711.671.651.631.601.581.551.521.471.441.411.371.331.301.271.241.211.191.171.141.121.091.061.02 90Malaysia17146.6545.7544.9744.2343.6443.0742.5741.9741.5240.9740.4239.8239.0338.2437.4136.4335.4734.5933.7732.8631.9831.2630.5329.7228.8728.1627.4626.8426.4226.01 91Maldives611.941.931.931.921.911.881.861.841.821.801.771.731.701.681.721.751.771.791.801.821.831.831.821.811.651.501.351.271.201.12 92Malta1010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.03 93Marshall Islands600.370.360.360.330.340.350.350.350.350.360.370.380.380.380.380.390.390.390.340.330.320.270.230.230.220.210.200.200.200.19 94Mauritania18512.5912.3612.1011.8711.7211.5111.2610.9010.5210.179.849.549.429.369.379.429.349.209.058.928.778.568.418.247.987.677.577.417.227.03 95Mauritius460.300.300.300.300.300.300.300.290.290.290.280.280.270.270.260.250.250.230.220.220.200.190.170.160.160.150.150.150.150.14 96Mexico14234.2532.8031.8031.2430.7230.1229.5128.8028.2327.5126.9326.2826.0225.7525.4024.8824.2723.6723.4823.3023.0622.7922.4922.1622.0722.1222.0921.9421.6421.41 97Micronesia, Fed. Sts.653.553.493.463.403.253.193.002.882.712.592.502.402.252.101.991.861.811.821.831.761.671.651.651.491.381.221.040.820.840.79 98Montenegro550.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02 99Morocco17523.2123.0222.8022.4722.2522.0321.7021.4720.9520.4720.0419.6519.5119.2818.8818.4218.3017.9817.7417.5617.1616.5216.1615.9215.6815.4515.3715.3515.1614.83 100Mozambique632.242.182.122.072.031.991.941.901.861.821.791.751.721.691.661.641.621.601.581.561.551.541.531.531.531.541.551.561.581.60 101Myanmar9224.4924.4024.2624.1023.9223.7323.4823.1722.8822.5822.2521.9021.4720.9920.4019.7819.1018.5017.9017.2816.5915.9715.3314.7114.0913.4712.9212.4612.1911.91 102Namibia4220.5619.8919.3918.8018.4718.2818.3117.4917.2517.4417.9018.5619.0919.5120.0820.7621.5322.3323.0523.7724.5025.2525.9526.6127.3428.0728.8429.7030.5731.40 103Netherlands1467.747.697.577.457.347.126.936.786.646.466.356.286.246.186.156.106.166.226.216.206.226.276.346.416.496.606.706.836.977.07 104New Caledonia390.150.150.140.140.140.140.140.140.130.130.130.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.11 105New Zealand8716.4016.0315.6815.2514.7114.3113.7912.9812.1311.4310.9610.5610.129.819.519.228.968.638.267.967.737.507.266.986.746.586.406.256.176.11 106Nicaragua320.450.440.440.450.450.450.460.470.470.480.480.480.480.480.480.470.460.450.430.410.400.390.380.370.370.360.360.360.360.37 107Nigeria496.606.546.476.406.316.236.156.065.965.855.795.645.505.365.225.064.914.754.604.454.294.143.993.823.673.513.353.213.062.93 108Northern Mariana Islands830.030.020.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.060.060.060.06 109Norway13640.0439.2138.4637.4336.9136.7136.8836.9937.1637.4237.8837.6237.2636.6436.1135.4734.9234.1133.6733.4133.0932.8432.5132.4332.5032.7433.0733.1733.2233.13 110Oman592.712.692.672.632.602.562.542.492.412.382.332.312.272.202.172.102.062.032.011.991.961.921.881.841.771.721.671.621.571.52 111Pakistan12214.6614.4114.1913.9413.6813.4213.1712.8812.5412.2411.8711.4911.1210.6110.3310.069.819.519.248.928.668.388.127.887.587.387.166.966.746.53 112Palau540.780.760.730.700.670.650.640.620.620.610.630.620.620.630.630.620.580.550.560.550.550.560.550.540.520.510.500.470.430.39 113Panama522.872.822.752.612.572.382.342.282.282.212.212.182.152.102.062.001.981.941.851.861.751.621.521.451.421.401.401.381.351.30 114Papua New Guinea523.343.343.313.303.273.193.133.073.062.912.792.642.582.562.442.192.172.192.252.332.332.402.492.492.492.492.462.422.372.26 115Peru49156.09158.61159.75163.17164.31164.41162.45162.01158.28153.81150.53147.02142.42135.96125.07119.27112.67108.42110.29105.4797.3093.2887.7485.9078.8772.3269.1365.5561.7858.47 116Philippines16019.0518.9518.8418.7518.6718.6118.5318.4318.3518.1617.9517.7417.4617.1416.8416.5716.3116.0715.7615.4815.2114.9114.5614.2113.8713.4613.2012.8112.3811.96 117Poland532.882.822.762.692.622.562.512.472.442.412.392.372.342.302.212.121.981.831.731.661.581.511.471.421.371.341.311.261.241.20 118Portugal2396.816.726.676.646.586.486.366.266.206.156.156.156.146.136.176.216.276.356.436.536.656.756.876.987.107.207.307.397.457.55 119Puerto Rico370.100.100.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.110.110.110.110.11 120Qatar430.170.170.170.170.170.160.160.160.160.160.150.150.140.140.140.140.140.140.140.140.140.140.140.130.130.120.110.110.100.10

CountryNo. of SpeciesYearNo

53

1950195119521953195419551956195719581959196019611962196319641965196619671968196919701971197219731974197519761977197819791980 121Romania260.340.330.320.310.300.300.290.290.280.270.270.260.260.250.250.250.240.240.240.240.240.240.230.230.230.220.220.220.220.220.21 122Russian Federation193250.38235.10223.97215.69209.18203.85199.11195.06191.65189.14187.19185.73184.33183.17181.78180.57179.20177.82176.37174.59173.18171.78170.38169.24166.92164.67161.95159.42157.01154.93153.10 123Samoa600.420.390.370.360.340.330.330.320.310.310.300.300.290.290.280.280.280.270.270.270.260.260.260.250.250.250.250.240.240.240.23 124São Tomé and Principe1411.071.020.970.940.910.880.860.850.830.820.800.790.780.770.770.760.750.750.730.710.690.680.660.630.620.610.600.580.560.560.55 125Saudi Arabia752.262.152.072.011.971.941.911.881.861.841.821.811.791.771.751.731.711.681.631.591.541.511.481.441.391.371.341.321.281.261.26 126Senegal15628.1226.9326.0925.4624.9724.5724.2123.9023.6323.3823.0822.7622.4722.1721.8821.5821.3221.0620.7620.4019.9519.4618.9018.3117.7617.1916.6016.0815.6415.2815.00 127Seychelles341.471.361.291.241.201.171.151.131.111.101.091.081.071.071.061.061.051.051.051.000.990.990.980.970.980.980.980.990.990.990.99 128Sierra Leone1316.315.374.874.544.314.144.013.913.833.763.703.653.583.513.443.393.353.313.273.233.203.173.143.103.053.012.962.922.882.842.82 129Singapore610.240.230.220.220.210.210.200.200.200.190.190.190.180.180.180.180.170.170.170.170.170.170.170.170.170.170.170.170.170.160.16 130Sint Maarten (Dutch part)260.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 131Slovenia680.040.040.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.03 132Solomon Islands141.871.701.601.531.471.431.411.391.371.361.351.351.341.321.321.321.321.311.311.311.301.301.241.251.261.251.261.251.251.241.24 133Somalia963.062.812.662.552.482.422.372.342.312.292.272.262.242.232.232.222.212.202.202.192.182.172.162.162.162.152.152.142.132.132.12 134South Africa10139.3837.9336.7435.6234.7033.9233.2732.7632.2731.7531.2030.5829.8329.0628.2327.3826.4825.6024.4222.7921.4520.8220.2419.7118.9618.1717.4616.9516.6616.3316.04 135Spain25129.1328.0627.0626.3425.6925.0824.4023.8523.3122.7722.2421.7421.1720.7120.2119.8019.3919.0118.6418.2617.9517.5617.3417.1116.8416.6316.3116.0515.7515.5315.38 136Sri Lanka12013.5212.0611.2110.6310.219.899.649.439.279.129.008.898.798.698.618.518.468.418.368.318.278.238.218.188.158.108.047.987.937.797.67 137St. Kitts and Nevis300.050.050.050.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.03 138St. Lucia560.150.150.140.140.140.130.130.120.120.120.120.110.110.110.110.110.100.100.100.100.100.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.080.08 139St. Martin (French part)320.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 140St. Vincent and the Grenadines660.200.190.180.180.170.170.160.150.140.140.140.130.130.130.120.120.120.120.110.110.100.100.100.090.090.090.090.090.090.080.08 141Sudan230.080.070.070.070.070.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.05 142Suriname701.861.671.561.481.431.381.351.321.301.281.271.251.231.211.201.181.171.151.141.121.101.071.051.020.990.970.940.930.910.900.89 143Sweden8511.9711.1110.4910.029.649.349.098.888.698.538.398.278.178.077.977.897.807.717.617.497.397.317.247.167.056.956.856.766.686.616.52 144Syrian Arab Republic16713.6213.1512.8112.5312.3012.0911.9011.7211.5511.3911.2311.1010.9510.8010.6410.4810.3310.1910.049.889.719.539.369.188.998.848.648.438.157.887.68 145Tanzania913.122.812.622.492.382.312.242.192.152.122.092.062.042.022.001.981.961.931.911.881.871.851.831.801.791.771.721.681.641.601.58 146Thailand9070.1565.0161.4858.8956.8955.3154.0352.9652.0651.2950.6250.0349.4948.9748.4547.8847.1146.3045.4644.5343.5742.5641.5240.5039.6439.1538.7638.3737.5036.8636.47 147Togo1121.521.431.381.331.301.271.251.221.201.181.161.141.131.111.091.081.061.051.031.021.000.990.970.960.940.920.910.900.890.890.87 148Tonga780.210.200.200.190.190.190.180.180.180.180.170.170.170.160.160.160.160.150.150.150.150.140.140.140.130.130.130.120.120.120.12 149Trinidad and Tobago950.920.870.840.810.790.770.750.730.720.710.700.690.680.670.670.660.650.650.640.630.610.600.580.570.560.540.530.520.500.490.47 150Tunisia842.192.011.891.811.751.701.671.641.611.591.581.561.541.531.511.501.491.481.461.451.441.441.431.421.411.401.391.371.351.331.31 151Turkey11224.2022.1020.7219.7519.0618.4818.0517.6617.3717.1416.9416.7816.6616.5916.4116.2816.1015.9815.7215.6015.4415.2815.1615.0515.0014.9914.9914.9514.8914.7114.37 152Turks and Caicos Islands290.350.330.320.300.290.280.270.260.250.250.240.240.240.240.240.240.250.250.250.260.260.270.270.270.280.280.280.280.280.280.28 153Tuvalu770.380.350.330.320.310.300.290.290.280.280.280.280.270.270.270.270.270.270.260.260.260.260.260.260.260.260.260.260.260.250.26 154Ukraine343.323.183.062.972.902.842.802.762.732.702.682.662.642.612.592.562.542.502.482.462.452.432.412.402.382.332.292.202.142.082.00 155United Arab Emirates642.051.931.841.791.741.711.681.651.631.611.601.581.561.551.541.521.511.501.491.481.471.461.451.441.431.411.391.371.351.331.32 156United Kingdom26060.3758.1056.3554.9853.7752.7951.9951.3250.7250.1949.7249.2548.9248.6148.2847.9447.3946.8046.2145.6845.2244.3943.7343.0242.1941.5541.1340.5839.8438.8638.16 157United States557220.20208.40199.93193.14187.63182.83178.68174.86171.74168.94165.99162.98159.82156.97154.72152.56150.53148.78147.22145.43143.54141.29138.67135.91133.56131.54129.92128.05126.61124.78123.04 158Uruguay453.643.423.283.183.113.063.012.982.952.922.902.882.862.842.822.802.782.772.742.732.732.732.722.712.712.702.692.662.622.552.46 159Vanuatu620.230.210.200.190.190.180.170.170.170.170.170.170.160.160.160.160.160.160.160.160.160.160.160.160.150.150.150.150.150.140.14 160Venezuela, RB11610.099.669.329.078.858.678.508.358.218.097.987.887.797.717.627.557.467.407.327.237.147.076.976.856.736.656.556.476.406.336.28 161Vietnam12166.5259.0854.6751.7749.7548.1846.9145.9245.1244.4543.8443.1842.6442.0441.4040.8240.3539.9539.6339.3639.1438.9738.8438.7438.6738.6338.6438.5538.5538.5838.58 162Virgin Islands (U.S.)360.060.060.050.050.050.050.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.030.030.03 163West Bank and Gaza260.090.080.080.070.070.070.070.070.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.040.040.040.040.040.030.030.03 164Yemen, Rep.636.876.335.995.745.565.435.325.255.195.145.105.075.045.025.004.984.964.954.934.914.904.884.864.844.804.754.714.644.574.524.47

NoCountryNo. of SpeciesYear

54

198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010 121Romania260.210.200.200.190.180.170.160.150.140.130.120.110.110.100.100.100.090.090.090.090.090.100.100.100.110.110.110.120.120.13 122Russian Federation193151.20148.98146.11143.20138.68133.97129.18125.21121.68117.38112.72108.24104.33102.19101.2898.8995.1191.5088.9687.3086.7386.1087.0987.4489.0990.2591.3691.9392.5192.58 123Samoa600.230.230.220.220.210.210.210.200.200.200.200.200.210.210.210.200.200.200.190.180.180.170.160.160.160.160.160.160.160.15 124São Tomé and Principe1410.550.540.530.520.510.500.480.460.420.410.400.390.380.370.360.360.360.350.350.350.340.340.330.330.330.320.320.320.320.32 125Saudi Arabia751.261.251.231.211.181.141.061.031.000.970.950.930.900.880.820.800.770.740.710.690.690.690.690.690.690.690.690.680.680.67 126Senegal15614.6314.3714.1213.9313.7313.5413.3513.0112.7512.5112.1411.8211.4011.1010.8710.7010.3410.069.839.639.509.359.259.209.119.008.958.969.029.08 127Seychelles341.001.001.001.000.970.950.930.910.860.820.810.790.750.710.700.650.650.640.650.650.650.620.600.530.470.430.390.350.330.32 128Sierra Leone1312.792.772.752.732.722.712.702.682.662.642.612.612.612.622.632.642.662.692.722.742.732.682.612.512.422.342.262.192.122.04 129Singapore610.160.160.150.140.130.130.120.120.130.130.130.120.110.110.110.110.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.090.090.090.09 130Sint Maarten (Dutch part)260.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 131Slovenia680.030.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 132Solomon Islands141.241.241.241.231.191.201.211.231.231.221.211.201.201.191.191.191.181.171.121.131.171.171.191.171.091.000.920.850.740.72 133Somalia962.112.102.092.082.062.042.032.001.981.971.941.921.881.841.791.751.671.611.561.491.431.381.311.161.040.920.870.840.820.79 134South Africa10115.9215.8015.7515.5815.6415.6615.6514.9914.4714.3914.6815.0215.1415.4015.7015.9616.3616.6916.9717.2317.4217.4917.5517.5517.4817.4817.6917.8418.0118.30 135Spain25115.2715.1615.0515.0715.0415.0915.1915.2915.4115.5215.6415.7315.8415.9516.0016.0616.1616.2316.3216.4316.5916.7016.9417.1817.4617.6717.8418.1018.3618.61 136Sri Lanka1207.537.437.347.277.227.207.167.137.077.047.026.996.896.786.666.496.316.196.075.945.745.525.284.974.734.734.564.444.324.21 137St. Kitts and Nevis300.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.03 138St. Lucia560.080.080.070.050.050.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.070.070.070.070.070.070.080.070.070.070.070.070.070.07 139St. Martin (French part)320.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 140St. Vincent and the Grenadines660.070.070.060.060.060.060.060.060.070.070.070.070.070.080.080.080.080.090.090.090.090.100.100.100.100.100.110.110.110.11 141Sudan230.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.04 142Suriname700.900.890.890.880.880.870.870.860.860.860.870.870.860.860.850.830.820.810.790.780.760.740.720.700.670.660.650.620.600.60 143Sweden856.406.296.186.065.915.805.725.665.585.505.445.395.315.205.034.854.684.514.324.214.134.094.074.094.094.094.114.144.184.20 144Syrian Arab Republic1677.477.297.086.896.706.476.246.055.875.655.485.365.265.205.145.044.934.854.814.794.804.814.784.704.634.544.514.544.594.62 145Tanzania911.561.531.531.521.491.471.451.431.411.391.361.341.311.311.301.301.261.251.231.201.181.151.121.101.071.041.031.010.990.97 146Thailand9036.2736.0335.7035.3835.2735.1734.8034.2033.7833.3432.8632.2331.3530.4329.4328.3827.6127.1326.6726.2325.6625.3425.1324.8224.6324.3323.9023.9623.7223.55 147Togo1120.860.840.830.820.810.800.790.780.770.760.750.740.730.720.720.720.720.720.720.720.730.730.730.740.740.750.760.760.770.79 148Tonga780.120.120.120.120.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.130.130.130.130.130.130.130.130.130.130.13 149Trinidad and Tobago950.460.440.420.420.420.420.420.410.400.390.380.370.360.360.350.350.360.360.360.370.370.370.370.370.370.370.380.380.380.38 150Tunisia841.281.261.241.221.181.151.111.061.020.980.950.930.900.880.850.840.830.820.810.800.780.770.770.760.750.730.720.700.690.69 151Turkey11214.0013.6013.1912.7112.2911.8911.5011.0610.5810.4110.3610.3310.169.879.529.148.948.878.768.518.378.187.947.817.627.607.447.157.087.07 152Turks and Caicos Islands290.280.280.280.280.270.270.270.270.270.270.270.280.280.280.280.280.270.270.270.270.270.270.270.270.270.270.260.260.260.26 153Tuvalu770.260.260.260.250.250.250.260.260.250.260.260.250.250.250.250.250.250.260.240.230.220.210.190.200.190.180.180.170.150.13 154Ukraine341.911.841.771.721.651.601.561.511.421.361.351.371.381.391.391.391.401.401.401.401.381.331.301.281.261.231.211.211.201.17 155United Arab Emirates641.301.281.271.251.231.221.201.181.151.121.091.061.041.010.980.950.920.890.860.820.780.740.720.690.670.650.630.610.600.59 156United Kingdom26037.1936.3535.2634.2133.5132.6331.6630.5129.3128.1827.3626.5625.8825.4224.9424.2323.7623.1922.6521.8021.2020.7620.4520.1720.0120.0319.9719.5719.2719.24 157United States557121.25119.56117.77116.05113.69111.58109.85108.09106.63105.45104.28102.92101.53100.3999.2598.4897.9397.2897.0196.7696.6496.2895.9895.4894.8294.5094.0193.5293.4893.56 158Uruguay452.362.252.172.082.011.931.851.781.741.691.671.601.541.491.431.381.331.271.201.181.151.141.121.101.061.010.940.900.860.84 159Vanuatu620.140.130.140.140.140.140.140.140.130.130.130.130.120.120.120.120.120.120.110.110.110.110.110.100.100.100.100.090.090.08 160Venezuela, RB1166.226.176.096.015.935.845.755.635.575.455.335.195.074.874.654.404.183.993.753.583.473.273.062.862.532.372.272.202.172.09 161Vietnam12138.6238.6138.5138.2638.0637.8537.6137.3737.1336.8136.5036.1435.7735.3334.6433.9533.2032.4831.7330.7429.8128.9628.1827.2626.5925.9525.3324.7224.1023.28 162Virgin Islands (U.S.)360.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02 163West Bank and Gaza260.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.020.02 164Yemen, Rep.634.384.314.284.244.184.114.023.953.883.823.803.763.753.733.723.683.653.593.493.393.323.213.042.792.522.322.142.052.062.03 YearNoCountryNo. of Species

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Chapter 3 New Evidence of Energy-Growth Nexus from