The dissertation consists of five chapters.
Chapter 1 is an introductory chapter outlining the problem statement, the objectives of the research work, and the scope of the study. Furthermore, literature review and theoretical principles of some of the main articles, studies and researches that were needed for this research are mentioned in this chapter.
Chapter 2 describes the effect of ratio alkaline solution, curing time and paper debris to geopolymer stabilized sludge is shown. The characteristic and the durability performance of modified sludge were investigated by Unconfined compression test and Drying and Wetting cyclic test. The influence of apparent water content to shorten the curing time was also investigated in this chapter. The various apparent water content after mixing sludge with geopolymer and paper debris was examined to classify the possibility of shortening the curing time of geopolymer stabilized sludge.
Chapter 3 compares the efficiency of two methods sludge conditioning and sludge dewatering. Test results indicated that the initial curing time has the potential for improving failure strain and strength of modified sludge with the specific condition of soft soil. The optimum moisture content of geopolymer modified sludge has strong influence on the amount of geopolymer content and initial water content of the sludge.
Chapter 4 evaluates the effect of different kind of sludge on the reaction of geopolymer to achieve the desired strength and strain. The Taguchi method was used to determine the most important factor that affects several properties of geopolymer modified sludge by minimizing the effects of variation, but without eliminating the cause. The results indicate that the geopolymer content, clay content in sludge, initial water content and moisture content play a unique role in different properties of modified sludge.
Chapter 5 proposes the different application of geopolymer, Liquefied Stabilized Soil method. The mainly purpose of this chapter presents the utilization of Paper sludge ash (PSA)-based geopolymer to improve the soft soil by LSS method with paper debris fiber. The results show that PSA can solve the drawback of normal geopolymer on strength development in high-amount-of-water sludge. The application of state-of-the-art machine learning models show the potential on prediction the strength performance of LSS with consideration of many meaningful feature variables.
Chapter 6 presents the conclusions and recommendations for this research.
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2.1 Introduction
Geopolymer is a member of the inorganic polymers’ family. The chemical composition of geopolymer and natural zeolitic materials are similar, but the geopolymer’s microstructure is amorphous. The geopolymerisation process generates a considerably fast chemical reaction under alkaline conditions on Si-Al minerals, resulting in three-dimensional polymeric chains in which consist of Si-O-Al-O bonds.
Generally, there are two main components to synthesis geopolymers: the source materials and the alkaline liquids.
Source materials is the materials rich in silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), and chemical compositions such as: kaolinite, clays… (natural minerals) or fly ash, silica fume, slag, rice-husk ash, red mud... (byproduct materials) [1]. Among of them, the resemblance of fly ash to natural aluminosilicate materials (given the presence of Si and Al in the ash) has motivated the utilization of geopolymerisation as a feasible technological solution in making special cement. Nowadays, most of the globally obtainable globally fly ash is low-calcium ASTM Class F formed as a by-product of burning anthracite or bituminous coal. Although coal burning power plants are considered to be environmentally unfriendly, the expansion in the amount of power generated from these plants is unstoppable, mainly due to the huge reserve of good