W 言
March 25 March 30
VI. Smary
76 Physiological and Ecological on the Pine Bark Beetles
ResuIts
The development of population of Myelophilus piniperda Linnaeus and CryphalllS
fulvus Niijima was studied in boxes of丘ked temperature (30℃, 240C and 16oC)〟
In the case of MyelophilしlS piniperda Linnaeus :
1) As a result of breeding at 24℃ and 16cc, 4 instars were observed regardless of the d沌erence in temperature.
2) At 24℃, larva group is from 5 to 20 days, pupa groLIp is 25 days, new adult group is 40days, and郎ght hole seems to be completed on the 40th day･
3) At le℃, larva group is from 15to45 days, and it shifts into pupa group on the
55th day, and into adult group on the 65th days. Flight hole can be observed in the earlier group.
In the case of Cryphalus fulvus Niijima :
4) Eggs kept at 30℃ shiftinto 一arva group 5‑15 days later, and though pupa group can not be discerned because of its short period, adult group appears after the lapse of about 20 days, and nying out begins.
5) At 16cc, larva group lasts for 5‑30 days, and shifts into pupa group 35‑40 days later. Some in the earlier group become adults onthe 35th day, but no uniformity can be observed, Flight holes can be seen some 45 days later but owning to the low tem‑
perature, few of the new adults hy out as is the case in hibernation.
6) Immediately after the irruption of adults, the feeding trees were kept at 30℃
and observed. In that case the adults lived for 30 days, but eggs were laid till the 20th day of thereabouts･ Larva group is from 10 t0 20 days, and it shifts into adult group on the 30Lh day. Pupa group stands in between, and the period is short･ Flight
hole takes place on the 20th days at the earliest, but near一y al1日y out in 40 days･
7) At le℃, adults live for some 40 days, and at the same time eggs are laid little
by little. Larva gl･Oup is from lOto 50 days, and pupa group appears in30 days at the
earliest, but generally in 60 days or so. Adults can 一ive more than 40 days. This is because the next 白ight is hindered by the low temperature･
Shegeru lshikubo 〔研究紀要 第14巻〕 77
May and June. Most of this species are of southern origin and primary harmful insects.
Those northern orlgln are few.
2) Relations between the hatching of Ipidae and temperature were studied using over‑saturated salt solutions of ZwoLLEFER. Hatching took place at temperatures ranglng
from 13oC to 33℃, and relative humidity was 90% with Myelophilus pmlperda Linnaeus,
and more than 70‑80% with Cryphalus fulvus Niijima. A considerably high humidity is
required. It seems that this IS because egg are lacking the controlling mechanismagainst physical loss of water, but since in the五eld they are laid beneath the bark
where the humidity is high, it is inferred that the hatching rate is considerably high, The length of time necessary for hatching shortens according as the temperatures rises, but the length of time is not uniform at low temperatures. In the case of
Myelophilus piniperda Linnaeus, the period ()I egg stage shortens with a fall in humidity,
and in the case of Cryphalus fulvus Niijima, the period of egg stage lengthens with a fall in humidity.3) Individual breeding of pine bark beetles was carried out, and date for determining instar were obtained by measuring the head width. Growth rate was apploied to various formula, and their adaptability was tested, and at the same time individual variation was discussed.
In the case of Myelophilus piniperda L., the growth l･ate is almost the same in
every instar, and the growth rate is applicable to GAINES and CAMPBELL's formula thebest. In the case of Cryptorrhynchus insidiosus Roelofs, there are the ヮth and 8th
instar larvae, and in both cases the growth rate applies to GAINES and CAMPBELL's
formula and Tokunaga's formula the best. In the case of Monochamus tesserulla white,
the number of moulting is not de缶nite, but the 7th, 8th and 9th instar larvae are found･
It seems that this variation is due to the innuence of temperature, humidity and nourishment. The growth rate applied to GAINES and CAMPBELL's formula the best in
the 7th and 8th instar larvae. Myelophilus piniperda L. have the least individual
variations, while Monochamuo tesserul White are most varies both in number of
moulting and growth rate, and Cryptorrhynchus insidiosus Roelofs stands between the two.4) The development of population of Ipidae was studied using boxes of 免Ⅹed temperature (30℃, 24oC and 16cc). In the case of Myelophilus piniperda Linnaeus, at 24cc, larva group appears 5‑20 days later, pupa group 25 days later and new adult group appears 35 days later, and then night hole takes place in 40 days･ At le℃, larva group appears 15‑45 days later, pupa group 55 days later and adult group appears 65
days later, but the process is not uniform. In the case of Cryphalus fulvus Niijima, at
So℃, larva group appears after the lapse of 5‑15 days, and though pupa group is not
marked because of the short period, adult group appear in some 20 days and at the
sanle time乱ght hole takes place. Adults live for about 30 days, and eggs arc laid for 20 days. At le℃, larva group appears 5‑30 days later, pupa group 35‑40 days later and
at the same time adult group appears sporadically. Flight hole takes place on the 45th day, but few of the new adults ny out because of the low temperature･ Adults can
live for about 40 days, and at the same time eggs are laid little by litt一e.
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