Objective of this study

The conversion of biomass and coal as a renewable energy sources on the thermochemical process to produce energy and fuels is considered. The conversion process with low temperature, less pollution, and fewer effects to the global-warming issues compared to existing fossil fuel is required.

The preparation of activated carbons (ACs) from agricultural by-products has attracted much attention due to their low-cost, renewable and environmental friendly. Low temperature coal gasification by metal species has been also studied in order to develop the coal utilization with high efficiency. Many extensive works had been performed to investigate the catalysts such as alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs). However, the cost of purchasing chemical catalysts is expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to identify inexpensive biomass as a catalyst that will improve the surface area of ACs and reactivity of gasification.

The objective of this research is to study the novel utilization of biomass-derived ash for ACs preparation and catalytic gasification. Two types of biomass-derived ashes including chicken dropping compost ash (CCA) and empty fruit bunch ash (EFBA) was used as a catalyst.

In ACs preparation, five different types of biomass that are abundant in Asia including teak sawdust (TS), bagasse (BG), cypress (CP), palm kernel shell (PKS) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) were used as a feedstock for pyrolysis to produce activated carbon. The specific surface area of ACs that using CCA and EFBA was also compared with the process that utilizing chemical reagents (CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2).

Moreover, the utilizing of different sources of catalyst on Loy Yang brown coal (LY) char by CO2 gasification including CCA and EFBA biomass-derived ashes and K2CO3 and CaCO3 chemical reagents were compared. Furthermore, various process parameters included char conversion, reaction rate, gasification temperature were investigated.

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