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environmental efficiency was observed from 2000–2008 as a result of technical change (14%). Furthermore, it was found that although the increase in population has positively impacts the environmental efficiency, the expansion of tertiary industries reduces the environmental efficiency due to the lower per worker GDP for the retail, lodging, and transportation industries compared with the manufacturing industries by combining the results of environmental efficiency by the DEA and regression analysis.
This Ph.D. thesis not only revealed that the trend in productive and environmental efficiency over the long time period taking the accumulated resources into account, but also revealed how the socioeconomic factors such as population density and industrial structures have affected the environmental efficiency and indicated the possible way of improving the environmental efficiency. These results can provide useful information in order to discuss the urban planning policy for achieving the stock-based society.
However, the results of the change in productive and environmental efficiency in this thesis might have been partially effected by technological innovation or financial crisis, which this thesis did not consider in the analysis framework. At the present moment, it is difficult to separate the impact of these factors from the results of the change in productive and environmental efficiency in this research. It should be the future work and more investigated. Furthermore, as mentioned in Chapter 4, to be able to provide the useful information for the effective urban planning policy at the city but not the prefectural level, it is necessary to have more detailed production, CO2 emission, and private capital stock data at the city level and the DEA framework constructed in this thesis should be adapted to the city level data. I believe that the productive and environmental efficiency analysis
100 at the city level is also my next step.
101 Acknowledgement
In writhing this Ph.D. thesis, I really thank my colleagues, family, and friends.
First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Shigemi Kagawa of Kyushu University for teaching me how exciting research works are. After this sentence, I affectionately call him Shigemi-sensei. In 2012, when I was an undergraduate student of 3rd year, I joined the Kagawa laboratory, but I had never dreamt that I would go to doctoral course at the time because I did not like to ‘study’. Especially, I admit that I hated Mathematics during high school. There are full of equations in my research field of Environmental Economics and Econometrics, as you know. However, Shigemi-sensei always told me “We are never studying Mathematics itself. Mathematics is just a tool to solve questions and a tool to see what the socioeconomic data is telling.”
I have liked to think about social issues since I was a high school student and his words gave me a different angle to think about them. After I heard his words, I started to think that I might be able to tell my own messages which no one could find to solve the energy and environmental issues by using the tools of Mathematics. I got very excited about that and that excitement had me study DEA and Econometrics, and even had me go to graduate school.
Furthermore, Shigemi-sensei would often take me to international conferences. When I was a 1st-year master student, I joined The 22nd International Input-Output Conference in Lisbon. That was the first travel overseas for me, of course the first international conference. Moreover, I do not know why, but I was in charge of the chair of a session at
102
the conference. I cannot forget the experience. I could also discuss my research with great researchers such as Prof. Manfred Lenzen of The University of Sydney, Prof. Sangwon Suh of The University of California, and Prof. Euijune Kim of Seoul National University at the international conferences. Although I would like to mention other memories, it will be endless. Once again, I would express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Kagawa from the bottom in my heart.
I am very thankful to Prof. Toshiyuki Fujita and Associate Prof. Nobuhiro Horii of Faculty of Economics, Kyushu University, for their great number of very helpful and constructive comments to my Ph.D thesis. Their knowledgeable and insightful suggestions to my presentations really helped me ponder my research and improve my thesis.
When I joined The 26th Pan Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies Conference at Meiji University, I met Hidemichi Fujii, associate professor of Nagasaki University.
Since the conference, he has always supported me with his technical advice for Data Envelopment Analysis. Without his supports, I would not have completed the Ph.D. thesis.
I am also grateful to Dr. Keisuke Nansai of the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Prof. Yasushi Kondo of Waseda University, Dr. Yuki Kudo of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, and Prof. Shunsuke Managi of Kyushu University for always supporting and encouraging me.
Since I joined Kagawa laboratory, I have participated in the Industrial Ecology Workshops held in every summer with Nagoya and Ritsumeikan Universities. Through
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the Workshops, I have learned a lot of things from Prof. Hiroki Tanikawa of Nagoya University and Prof. Seiji Hashimoto of Ritsumeikan University including how a professor should be as well as the knowledge about the relevant research fields. In addition, I would like to express my great gratitude to Prof. Hiroki Tanikawa for allowing me to use his research estimation in my Ph.D. thesis. My research could not have been completed without him.
My work has been also stimulated by the young researchers belonging to The Student Communication Networks of The Institute of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan. In the Networks, I could have many friends of researcher such as Dr. Shunichi Hienuki of Yokohama National University and Assistant Prof. Yosuke Shigetomi of Nagasaki University. Also, as the representative of the Networks, I was in charge of the Young Researchers Meeting held at the 12th International Conference on EcoBalance in Kyoto and that was a great experience for me.
I would also like to thank my “kohais” in my laboratory for discussing a lot of topics, sometimes with beer in our hands. Especially, I really thank Hirotaka for always having
“research camps” with me in the laboratory. You need to be physically stronger if you would like to go to doctoral course though. I really expect each of you, not only the graduate students, but also an undergraduate student who has already decided to go to graduate school, to bring more energy to the laboratory from the next year.
Finally, I am grateful to my family for supporting and understanding me. I cannot thank you enough.
104
November 2017
Shogo Eguchi
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