1. Ueshima H. Explanation for the Japanese paradox: prevention of increase in coronary heart disease and reduction in stroke. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2007 Dec;14(6):278-86.
2. 清原 裕. 久山町研究. 日本臨床. 2010;68:575-582 3. 厚生労働省発表 平成26年患者調査の概況
4. 厚生労働省発表 平成28年人口動態統計の年間推移
5. Beller GA. Coronary heart disease in the first 30 years of the 21st century:
challenges and opportunities: The 33rd Annual James B. Herrick Lecture of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association. Circulation.
2001 May 22;103(20):2428-35.
6. 総務省消防庁救急企画室. 救急蘇生統計（2008年）
7. Kawakubo K, Sugimoto T. angina pectoris: Classification and clinical significance the AHA classification and who classification. Nihon Rinsho. 1986;44:1336-1342.
8. Austen WG, Edwards JE, Frye RL, Gensini GG, Gott VL, Griffith LS, McGoon DC, Murphy ML, Roe BB. A reporting system on patients evaluated for coronary artery disease. Report of the Ad Hoc Committee for Grading of Coronary Artery Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery, American Heart Association. Circulation. 1975 Apr;51(4 Suppl):5-40.
9. Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB.
Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998 May 12;97(18):1837-47.
10. Gould KL, Lipscomb K. Effects of coronary stenoses on coronary flow reserve and resistance. Am J Cardiol. 1974 Jul;34(1):48-55.
11. Herrick JB. Landmark article (JAMA 1912). Clinical features of sudden obstruction
60
of the coronary arteries. JAMA. 1983 Oct 7;250(13):1757-65.
12. Fuster V, Badimon L, Badimon JJ, Chesebro JH. The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes (2). N Engl J Med. 1992 Jan 30;326(5):310-8.
13. Falk E, Shah PK, Fuster V. Coronary plaque disruption. Circulation. 1995 Aug 1;92(3):657-71.
14. Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E, Casscells SW, Litovsky S, Rumberger J, Badimon JJ, Stefanadis C, Moreno P, Pasterkamp G, Fayad Z, Stone PH, Waxman S, Raggi P, Madjid M, Zarrabi A, Burke A, Yuan C, Fitzgerald PJ, Siscovick DS, de Korte CL, Aikawa M, Juhani Airaksinen KE, Assmann G, Becker CR, Chesebro JH, Farb A, Galis ZS, Jackson C, Jang IK, Koenig W, Lodder RA, March K, Demirovic J, Navab M, Priori SG, Rekhter MD, Bahr R, Grundy SM, Mehran R, Colombo A, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne C, Insull W, Jr., Schwartz RS, Vogel R, Serruys PW, Hansson GK, Faxon DP, Kaul S, Drexler H, Greenland P, Muller JE, Virmani R, Ridker PM, Zipes DP, Shah PK, Willerson JT. From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part I. Circulation. 2003 Oct 7;108(14):1664-72.
15. Libby P. Vascular biology of atherosclerosis: overview and state of the art. Am J Cardiol. 2003 Feb 6;91(3A):3A-6A.
16. Okamura T, Kadowaki T, Hayakawa T, Kita Y, Okayama A, Ueshima H. What cause of mortality can we predict by cholesterol screening in the Japanese general population? J Intern Med. 2003 Feb;253(2):169-80.
17. Imamura T, Doi Y, Arima H, Yonemoto K, Hata J, Kubo M, Tanizaki Y, Ibayashi S, Iida M, Kiyohara Y. LDL cholesterol and the development of stroke subtypes and coronary heart disease in a general Japanese population: The Hisayama study.
61
Stroke. 2009 Feb;40(2):382-8.18. Kodama K, Sasaki H, Shimizu Y. Trend of coronary heart disease and its relationship to risk factors in a Japanese population: A 26-year follow-up, Hiroshima/Nagasaki study. Japnese Circulation Journal. 1990 Apr;54:414-421.
19. Ueshima H, Choudhury SR, Okayama A, Hayakawa T, Kita Y, Kadowaki T, Okamura T, Minowa M, Iimura O. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke death in Japan: NIPPON DATA80 Stroke. 2004 Aug;35(8):1836-41.
20. Doi Y, Ninomiya T, Hata J, Fukuhara M, Yonemoto K, Iwase M, Iida M, Kiyohara Y. Impact of glucose tolerance status on development of ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama study Stroke. 2010 Feb;41(2):203-9.
21. Kadowaki S, Okamura T, Hozawa A, Kadowaki T, Kadota A, Murakami Y, Nakamura K, Saitoh S, Nakamura Y, Hayakawa T, Kita Y, Okayama A, Ueshima H; NIPPON DATA Research Group. Relationship of elevated casual blood glucose level with coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in a representative sample of the Japanese population. NIPPON DATA80.
Diabetologia. 2008 Apr;51(4):575-82.
22. Tedgui A, Mallat Z. Cytokines in atherosclerosis: pathogenic and regulatory pathways. Physiol Rev. 2006 Apr;86(2):515-81.
23. Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E, Casscells SW, Litovsky S, Rumberger J, Badimon JJ, Stefanadis C, Moreno P, Pasterkamp G, Fayad Z, Stone PH, Waxman S,Raggi P, Madjid M, Zarrabi A, Burke A, Yuan C, Fitzgerald PJ, Siscovick DS, de Korte CL, Aikawa M, Juhani Airaksinen KE, Assmann G, Becker CR, Chesebro JH, Farb A, Galis ZS, Jackson C, Jang IK, Koenig W, Lodder RA, March
K, Demirovic J, Navab M, Priori SG, Rekhter MD, Bahr R, Grundy SM, Mehran
62
R,Colombo A, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne C, Insull W Jr, Schwartz RS, Vogel R, Serruys PW, Hansson GK, Faxon DP, Kaul S, Drexler H, Greenland P, Muller JE,Virmani R, Ridker PM, Zipes DP, Shah PK, Willerson JT. From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part II. Circulation. 2003 Oct 14;108(15):1772-8.
24. Tabata T, Mine S, Kawahara C, Okada Y, Tanaka Y. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induces scavenger receptor expression and monocyte differentiation into foam cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 May 30;305(2):380-5.
25. Libby P. Act local, act global: inflammation and the multiplicity of "vulnerable"
coronary plaques. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 May 17;45(10):1600-2.
26. Hansson GK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2005 Apr 21;352(16):1685-95.
27. Cipolletta C, Ryan KE, Hanna EV, Trimble ER. Activation of peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes occurs in diabetes. Diabetes. 2005 Sep;54(9):2779-86.
28. Buja LM. Is inflammation the critical factor linking vulnerable coronary plaques to clinical coronary disease? Am J Med. 2003 May;114(7):607-8.
29. Mauriello A, Sangiorgi G, Fratoni S, Palmieri G, Bonanno E, Anemona L, Schwartz RS, Spagnoli LG. Diffuse and active inflammation occurs in both vulnerable and stable plaques of the entire coronary tree: a histopathologic study of patients dying of acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 May 17;45(10):1585-93.
30. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998 Sep 12;352(9131):837-53.
31. ACCORD Study Group;Chew EY, Ambrosius WT, Davis MD, Danis RP, Gangaputra
63
S, Greven CM, Hubbard L, Esser BA, Lovato JF, Perdue LH, Goff DC Jr, Cushman WC, Ginsberg HN, Elam MB, Genuth S, Gerstein HC, Schubart U, Fine LJ. Effects of medical therapies on retinopathy progression in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med.
2010 Jul 15;363(3):233-44.
32. David M. Nathan, John B. Buse, Mayer B. Davidson, Ele Ferrannini, Rury R.
Holman, Robert Sherwin, and Bernard Zinman. Medical Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Algorithm for the Initiation and Adjustment of Therapy. Diabetes Care 2009 Jan; 32(1): 193-203.
33. Robert JA, Gideon DB, Thomas EM, Derrick K, Carlos A, William D and for the VADT Study Group. Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial. Diabetes Care 2011 Jan; 34(1): 34-38.
34. Greig NH, Holloway HW, De Ore KA, Jani D, Wang Y, Zhou J, Garant MJ, Egan JM. Once daily injection of exendin-4 to diabetic mice achieves long-term beneficial effects on blood glucose concentrations.Diabetologia. 1999 Jan;42(1):45-50.
35. Kolterman OG, Buse JB, Fineman MS, Gaines E, Heintz S, Bicsak TA, Taylor K, Kim D, Aisporna M, Wang Y, Baron AD. Synthetic exendin-4 (exenatide) significantly reduces postprandial and fasting plasma glucose in subjects with type 2 diabetes.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jul;88(7):3082-9.
36. Seino Y, Yabe D. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1: Incretin actions beyond the pancreas. J Diabetes Investig. 2013 Mar 18;4(2):108-30.
37. Cai HY, Holscher C, Yue XH, Zhang SX, Wang XH, Qiao F, Yang W, Qi JS.
Lixisenatide rescues spatial memory and synaptic plasticity from amyloid β protein-induced impairments in rats.Neuroscience. 2014 Sep 26;277:6-13.
64
38. Roland Stocker, John F. Keaney Jr. Role of oxidative modifications in atherosclerosis.
Physiol Rev. 2004 Oct;84(4):1381-478.
39. Mizuno Y, Jacob RF, Mason RP. Inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis.J Atheroscler Thromb. 2011;18(5):351-8.
40. Kröller-Schön S, Knorr M, Hausding M, Oelze M, Schuff A, Schell R, Sudowe S, Scholz A, Daub S, Karbach S, Kossmann S, Gori T, Wenzel P, Schulz E, Grabbe S, Klein T, Münzel T, Daiber A. Glucose-independent improvement of vascular dysfunction in experimental sepsis by dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibition.Cardiovasc Res. 2012 Oct 1;96(1):140-9.
41. Watanabe Y. Serial inbreeding of rabbits with hereditary hyperlipidemia (WHHL-rabbit).Atherosclerosis. 1980 Jun;36(2):261-8.
42. Shiomi M, Ito T, Yamada S, Kawashima S, Fan J. Development of an animal model for spontaneous myocardial infarction (WHHLMI rabbit). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Jul 1;23(7):1239-44.
43. Tanzawa K, Shimada Y, Kuroda M, Tsujita Y, Arai M, Watanabe H. Whhl-rabbit: A low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia. FEBS Lett. 1980 Aug 25;118(1):81-4.
44. Yock, PG, Johnson, EL, Linker, DT. Intravascular ultrasound: Development and clinical potential. Am J Card Imag. 1988;2(3):185-193.
45. Nissen SE, Yock P. Intravascular ultrasound: novel pathophysiological insights and current clinical applications.Circulation. 2001 Jan 30;103(4):604-16.
46. Mintz GS, Kent KM, Pichard AD, Popma JJ, Satler LF, Leon MB. Intravascular ultrasound insights into mechanisms of stenosis formation and restenosis.Cardiol Clin. 1997 Feb;15(1):17-29.
65
47. Sudo M, Li Y, Hiro T, Takayama T, Mitsumata M, Shiomi M, Sugitani M, Matsumoto T, Hao H, Hirayama A. Inhibition of plaque progression and promotion of plaque stability by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist: Serial in vivo findings from iMap-IVUS in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Atherosclerosis. 2017 Oct;265:283-291.
48. Li S, Liang J, Niimi M, Bilal Waqar A, Kang D, Koike T, Wang Y, Shiomi M, Fan J.
Probucol suppresses macrophage infiltration and MMP expression in atherosclerotic plaques of WHHL rabbits. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2014;21(7):648-58.
49. Hiro T, Leung CY, Russo RJ, Moussa I, Karimi H, Farvid AR, Tobis JM. Variability in tissue characterization of atherosclerotic plaque by intravascular ultrasound: A comparison of four intravascular ultrasound systems. Am J Card Imag.
1996;10:209-218.
50. Hiro T, Leung CY, De Guzman S, Caiozzo VJ, Farvid AR, Karimi H, Helfant RH, Tobis JM. Are soft echoes really soft? Intravascular ultrasound assessment of mechanical properties in human atherosclerotic tissue. Am Heart J. 1997 Jan;133(1):1-7.
51. Jeremias A, Kolz ML, Ikonen TS, Gummert JF, Oshima A, Hayase M, Honda Y, Komiyama N, Berry GJ, Morris RE, Yock PG, Fitzgerald PJ. FFeasibility of in vivo intravascular ultrasound tissue characterization in the detection of early vascular transplant rejection.Circulation. 1999 Nov 23;100(21):2127-30.
52. Kimura BJ, Bhargava V, DeMaria AN. Value and limitations of intravascular ultrasound imaging in characterizing coronary atherosclerotic plaque.Am Heart J.
1995 Aug;130(2):386-96.
53. Sathyanarayana S, Carlier S, Li W, Thomas L. Characterisation of atherosclerotic
66
plaque by spectral similarity of radiofrequency intravascular ultrasound signals.
EuroIntervention. 2009 May;5(1):133-9.
54． Nicholls SJ, Ballantyne CM, Barter PJ, Chapman MJ, Erbel RM, Libby P, Raichlen JS, Uno K, Borgman M, Wolski K, Nissen SE. Effect of two intensive statin regimens on progression of coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 1;365(22):2078-87.
55. Tsukada T, Rosenfeld M, Ross R, Gown AM. Immunocytochemical analysis of cellular components in atherosclerotic lesions. Use of monoclonal antibodies with the Watanabe and fat-fed rabbit.Arteriosclerosis. 1986 Nov-Dec;6(6):601-13.
56. Kitahara M, Kanaki T, Toyoda K, Miyakoshi C, Tanaka S, Tamaki T, Saito Y. NK-104, a newly developed HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, suppresses neointimal thickening by inhibiting smooth muscle cell growth and fibronectin production in balloon-injured rabbit carotid artery.Jpn J Pharmacol. 1998 Jun;77(2):117-28.
57. Koyama A, Komori K, Otsuka R, Kajikuri J, Itoh T. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor reduces intimal hyperplasia in rabbit autologous jugular vein graft under poor distal runoff. J Vasc Surg. 2016 May;63(5):1360-70.
58. Arakawa M, Mita T, Azuma K, Ebato C, Goto H, Nomiyama T, Fujitani Y, Hirose T, Kawamori R, Watada H. Inhibition of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and attenuation of atherosclerotic lesion by a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4.Diabetes. 2010 Apr;59(4):1030-7.
59. Goto H, Nomiyama T, Mita T, Yasunari E, Azuma K, Komiya K, Arakawa M, Jin WL, Kanazawa A, Kawamori R, Fujitani Y, Hirose T, Watada H. Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, reduces intimal thickening after vascular injury.Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Feb 4;405(1):79-84.
60. Arakawa M, Ebato C, Mita T, Hirose T, Kawamori R, Fujitani Y, Watada H. Effects
67
of exendin-4 on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and beta-cell proliferation depend on treatment dose, treatment duration and meal contents. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Dec 18;390(3):809-14.
61. Green JB, Bethel MA, Armstrong PW, Buse JB, Engel SS, Garg J, Josse R, Kaufman KD, Koglin J, Korn S, Lachin JM, McGuire DK, Pencina MJ, Standl E, Stein PP, Suryawanshi S, Van de Werf F, Peterson ED, Holman RR. TECOS Study Group : Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med.
2015 Jul 16;373(3):232-42.
62. Zhou X, Huang CH, Lao J, Pocai A, Forrest G, Price O, Roy S, Kelley DE, Sullivan KA, Forrest MJ. Acute hemodynamic and renal effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 analog and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in rats.Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2015 Mar 7;14:29.
63. Matsubara J, Sugiyama S, Sugamura K, Nakamura T, Fujiwara Y, Akiyama E, Kurokawa H, Nozaki T, Ohba K, Konishi M, Maeda H, Izumiya Y, Kaikita K, Sumida H, Jinnouchi H, Matsui K, Kim-Mitsuyama S, Takeya M, Ogawa H. A dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, des-fluoro-sitagliptin, improves endothelial function and reduces atherosclerotic lesion formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Jan 17;59(3):265-76.
64. Shah Z, Kampfrath T, Deiuliis JA, Zhong J, Pineda C, Ying Z, Xu X, Lu B, Moffatt-Bruce S, Durairaj R, Sun Q, Mihai G, Maiseyeu A, Rajagopalan S. Long-term dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibition reduces atherosclerosis and inflammation via effects on monocyte recruitment and chemotaxis. Circulation. 2011 Nov 22;124(21):2338-49.
65. Iwaya H, Fujii N, Hagio M, Hara H, Ishizuka S.Contribution of dipeptidyl peptidase IV to the severity of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in the early phase.
68
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2013;77(7):1461-6.
66. Schade J, Schmiedl A, Kehlen A, Veres TZ, Stephan M, Pabst R, von Horsten S.
Airway-specific recruitment of T cells is reduced in a CD26-deficient F344 rat substrain.Clin Exp Immunol. 2009 Oct;158(1):133-42.
67. Busso N, Wagtmann N, Herling C, Chobaz-Peclat V, Bischof-Delaloye A, So A, Grouzmann E. Circulating cd26 is negatively associated with inflammation in human and experimental arthritis. Am J Pathol. 2005 Feb;166(2):433-42.
68. Wang Y, Parlevliet ET, Geerling JJ, van der Tuin SJ, Zhang H, Bieghs V, Jawad AH, Shiri-Sverdlov R, Bot I, de Jager SC, Havekes LM, Romijn JA, Willems van Dijk K, Rensen PC. Exendin-4 decreases liver inflammation and atherosclerosis development simultaneously by reducing macrophage infiltrationBr J Pharmacol.
2014 Feb;171(3):723-34.
69. Steven S, Hausding M, Kröller-Schön S, Mader M, Mikhed Y, Stamm P, Zinßius E, Pfeffer A, Welschof P, Agdauletova S, Sudowe S, Li H, Oelze M, Schulz E, Klein T, Münzel T, Daiber A. Gliptin and GLP-1 analog treatment improves survival and vascular inflammation/dysfunction in animals with lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. Basic Res Cardiol. 2015 Mar;110(2):6.
70. Zheng G, Li Y, Huang H, Wang J, Hirayama A, Lin J. The e
ffect of statin therapy on coronary plaque composition using virtual histology intravascular ultrasound: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. PLoS One. 2015; 10(7):
e0133433.