0 5000 10000 15000 Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06
Count rate (counts/s)
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02
Count rate (counts/s)
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Count rate (counts/s)
(1.5-7.0keV)
0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
DH_Tau 15264 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008
Count rate (counts/s)
FU_Tau 10984 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ876 17315 ACIS
(ハードネス比)
0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0.00
0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25
Hardness ratio
DH_Tau 15264 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Hardness ratio
FU_Tau 10984 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Hardness ratio
GJ876 17315 ACIS
図4.8 DH Tau, FU Tau, GJ 876の0.5–1.5 keV, 1.5–7 keVのライトカーブとハードネス比の変化。
4.2 比較的明るい天体のライトカーブ 125
(0.5-1.5keV)
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ876 17316 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Count rate (counts/s)
HD_163296 3733 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Count rate (counts/s)
HD_163296 12359 ACIS
(1.5-7.0keV)
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ876 17316 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
HD_163296 3733 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Time (s) 0.0000
0.0025 0.0050 0.0075 0.0100 0.0125 0.0150
Count rate (counts/s)
HD_163296 12359 ACIS
(ハードネス比)
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Hardness ratio
1e 12 GJ876 17316 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.05 0.10 0.15
Hardness ratio
HD_163296 3733 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Time (s)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Hardness ratio
HD_163296 12359 ACIS
図4.9 GJ 876 (2回目)とHD 163296の2回の観測の0.5–1.5 keV, 1.5–7 keVのライトカーブと ハードネス比の変化。
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Time (s)
0.000 0.001
Count rate (counts/s)
0 2500 5000 7500 10000
Time (s) 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015
Count rate (counts/s)
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.025 0.050
Count rate (counts/s)
(ハードネス比)
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Time (s)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Hardness ratio
HR_8799 10975 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000
Time (s) 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Hardness ratio
LkCa_15 10999 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
Hardness ratio
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 641 ACIS
図4.10 HR 8799, Lkca 15, Proxima Centauri (1回目)の観測の0.5–1.5 keV, 1.5–7 keVのライト カーブとハードネス比の変化。
4.2 比較的明るい天体のライトカーブ 127 (0.5-1.5keV)
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Time (s)
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15
Count rate (counts/s)
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 2388 ACIS
0 20000 40000 60000 80000
Time (s) 0.000
0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125 0.150
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Cen 12360 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Centauri 22185 ACIS
(1.5-7.0keV)
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Time (s)
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Count rate (counts/s)
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 2388 ACIS
0 20000 40000 60000 80000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Cen 12360 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Centauri 22185 ACIS
(ハードネス比)
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Time (s) 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Hardness ratio
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 2388 ACIS
0 20000 40000 60000 80000
Time (s) 0.0
0.5 1.0 1.5
Hardness ratio
Proxima_Cen 12360 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0
1 2 3
Hardness ratio
Proxima_Centauri 22185 ACIS
図4.11 Proxima Centauriの2–4回目の観測の0.5–1.5 keV, 1.5–7 keVのライトカーブとハード ネス比の変化。
0 5000 10000 15000 Time (s)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015
Count rate (counts/s)
0 10000 20000 30000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04
Count rate (counts/s)
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Time (s)
0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075
Count rate (counts/s)
(ハードネス比)
0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0.0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Hardness ratio
Proxima_Centauri 22186 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000
Time (s) 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
Hardness ratio
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 49899 ACIS
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Time (s)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
Hardness ratio
TWA-5 971 ACIS
図4.12 Proxima Centauriの5, 6回目とTWA-5の観測の0.5–1.5 keV, 1.5–7 keVのライトカー ブとハードネス比の変化。
4.2 比較的明るい天体のライトカーブ 129 (0.5-1.5keV)
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06
Count rate (counts/s)
Wolf_1061 20163 ACIS
(1.5-7.0keV)
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Count rate (counts/s)
Wolf_1061 20163 ACIS
(ハードネス比)
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Time (s) 0.0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Hardness ratio
Wolf_1061 20163 ACIS
図4.13 Wolf 1061の観測の0.5–1.5 keV, 1.5–7 keVのライトカーブとハードネス比の変化。
0 10000 20000 30000 Time (s) 0.00
0.01
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.00 0.01
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
51_Eri 5185 ACIS
0 2000 4000 6000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
51_Peg 10825 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
55_Cnc 14401 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
55_Cnc 14402 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000
Time (s) 0.00
0.05 0.10 0.15
Count rate (counts/s)
AB_Pic 15263 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Time (s) 0.00
0.05 0.10 0.15
Count rate (counts/s)
AD_LEO 2570 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
BETA_PIC 2537 ACIS
図4.14 0.5-1.5 keVのライトカーブ
4.3 ライトカーブ 131
0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
Count rate (counts/s)
DH_Tau 15264 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03
Count rate (counts/s)
FU_Tau 10984 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ1214 15725 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ_436 14459 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ_436 15537 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ_436 15536 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ_436 15642 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ436 17322 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ436 17321 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ581 15724 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000
Time (s) 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ667C 17318 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ667C 17317 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ876 17316 ACIS
図4.15 0.5-1.5 keVのライトカーブ
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.005 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
0 1000 2000 3000
Time (s) 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015
Count rate (counts/s)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Time (s) 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020
Count rate (counts/s)
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Count rate (counts/s)
HD_163296 3733 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Count rate (counts/s)
HD_163296 12359 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Count rate (counts/s)
HR_7329_B 4472 ACIS
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Time (s)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Count rate (counts/s)
HR_8799 10975 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time (s)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Count rate (counts/s)
Kapteyn's_Star 20162 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
Kapteyn's_Star 21071 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
Kepler-444 17733 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
Kepler-444 20066 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06
Count rate (counts/s)
LkCa_15 10999 ACIS
図4.16 0.5-1.5 keVのライトカーブ
4.3 ライトカーブ 133
0 10000 20000 30000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
LSR1835+32 7427 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000
Time (s) 0.00
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20
Count rate (counts/s)
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 49899 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20
Count rate (counts/s)
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 641 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Time (s)
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15
Count rate (counts/s)
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 2388 ACIS
0 20000 40000 60000 80000
Time (s) 0.000
0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125 0.150
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Cen 12360 ACIS
図4.17 0.5-1.5 keVのライトカーブ
0 5000 10000 15000 Time (s)
0.00 0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s)
0.00 0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015
Count rate (counts/s)
PSR_B1257+12 7577 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008
Count rate (counts/s)
TAU_CETI 1886 ACIS
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Time (s)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Count rate (counts/s)
TWA-5 971 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time (s)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030
Count rate (counts/s)
V830_Tau 21166 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
V830_Tau 21962 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
V830_Tau 21963 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
V830_Tau 21964 ACIS
0 1000 2000 3000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12
Count rate (counts/s)
V1298_Tau 22913 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Count rate (counts/s)
Wasp-8 15712 ACIS
図4.18 0.5-1.5 keVのライトカーブ
4.3 ライトカーブ 135
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
Wasp-10 15710 ACIS
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
WASP-18 14566 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
WASP_19 15729 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
Wasp-38 15708 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
WASP_52 15728 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
WASP_59 15727 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015
Count rate (counts/s)
Wasp-77 15709 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
WD_1145+017 18917 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
WD_1145+017 18918 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
WD_1145+017 18919 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
WD_1145+017 18920 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06
Count rate (counts/s)
Wolf_1061 20163 ACIS
図4.19 0.5-1.5 keVのライトカーブ
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Time (s)
0.000 0.002
Count rate (counts/s)
0 2000 4000 6000
Time (s) 0.00
Count rate (counts/s)0.01
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.002
Count rate (counts/s)
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
55_Cnc 14402 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
Count rate (counts/s)
AB_Pic 15263 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Count rate (counts/s)
AD_LEO 2570 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
BETA_PIC 2537 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
DH_Tau 15264 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008
Count rate (counts/s)
FU_Tau 10984 ACIS
図4.20 1.5–7.0 keVのライトカーブ
4.3.2 1.5-7.0keV
ACISを用いた観測データによる1.5-7.0 keVのエネルギーバンドのライトカーブを図4.20-4.25に 示す。
4.3 ライトカーブ 137
0 10000 20000 30000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ1214 15725 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ_436 14459 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ_436 15537 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ_436 15536 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ_436 15642 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ436 17322 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ436 17321 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ581 15724 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ667C 17318 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ667C 17317 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ876 17316 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ876 17315 ACIS
図4.21 1.5–7.0 keVのライトカーブ
0 1000 2000 3000 Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006
Count rate (counts/s)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Time (s) 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015
Count rate (counts/s)
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006
Count rate (counts/s)
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Time (s) 0.0000
0.0025 0.0050 0.0075 0.0100 0.0125 0.0150
Count rate (counts/s)
HD_163296 12359 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
HR_7329_B 4472 ACIS
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Time (s)
0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003
Count rate (counts/s)
HR_8799 10975 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time (s)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015
Count rate (counts/s)
Kapteyn's_Star 20162 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
Kapteyn's_Star 21071 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
Kepler-444 17733 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
Kepler-444 20066 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000
Time (s) 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030
Count rate (counts/s)
LkCa_15 10999 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
LSR1835+32 7427 ACIS
図4.22 1.5–7.0 keVのライトカーブ
4.3 ライトカーブ 139
0 10000 20000 30000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
Count rate (counts/s)
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 49899 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125
Count rate (counts/s)
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 641 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Time (s)
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Count rate (counts/s)
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 2388 ACIS
0 20000 40000 60000 80000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Cen 12360 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Centauri 22185 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Centauri 22186 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Count rate (counts/s)
PSR_B1257+12 5518 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
PSR_B1257+12 7577 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0010
Count rate (counts/s)
TAU_CETI 1886 ACIS
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Time (s)
0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125 0.150
Count rate (counts/s)
TWA-5 971 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time (s)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015
Count rate (counts/s)
V830_Tau 21166 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
V830_Tau 21962 ACIS
図4.23 1.5–7.0 keVのライトカーブ
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time (s)
0.000
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time (s)
0.000 0 1000 2000 3000
Time (s) 0.00
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
Wasp-8 15712 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
Wasp-10 15710 ACIS
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
WASP-18 14566 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
WASP_19 15729 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
Wasp-38 15708 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
WASP_52 15728 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
WASP_59 15727 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
Wasp-77 15709 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
WD_1145+017 18917 ACIS
図4.24 1.5–7.0 keVのライトカーブ
4.3 ライトカーブ 141
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
WD_1145+017 18918 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
WD_1145+017 18919 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
WD_1145+017 18920 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Time (s) 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Count rate (counts/s)
Wolf_1061 20163 ACIS
図4.25 1.5–7.0 keVのライトカーブ
ソフトバンドで見えていても、ハードバンドではほとんど見えていない観測もある。
0 10000 20000 30000 Time (s)
0.0 0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Time (s)
0.0 0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0.00
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Hardness ratio
FU_Tau 10984 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Hardness ratio
GJ876 17315 ACIS
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Time (s) 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6
Hardness ratio
HAT-P-11 16669 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.05 0.10 0.15
Hardness ratio
HD_163296 3733 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Time (s) 0.0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Hardness ratio
HD_163296 12359 ACIS
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Time (s)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Hardness ratio
HR_8799 10975 ACIS
0 2500 5000 7500 10000
Time (s) 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Hardness ratio
LkCa_15 10999 ACIS
図4.26 ハードネス比(1.5–7.0/0.5–1.5 keV)の時間変化
4.3 ライトカーブ 143
0 10000 20000 30000
Time (s) 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
Hardness ratio
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 49899 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.00
0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
Hardness ratio
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 641 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Time (s) 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Hardness ratio
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 2388 ACIS
0 20000 40000 60000 80000
Time (s) 0.0
0.5 1.0 1.5
Hardness ratio
Proxima_Cen 12360 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0
1 2 3
Hardness ratio
Proxima_Centauri 22185 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0.0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Hardness ratio
Proxima_Centauri 22186 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Hardness ratio
TAU_CETI 1886 ACIS
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Time (s)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
Hardness ratio
TWA-5 971 ACIS
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time (s)
0 1 2 3 4
Hardness ratio
V830_Tau 21166 ACIS
0 1000 2000 3000
Time (s) 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Hardness ratio
V1298_Tau 22913 ACIS
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Time (s) 0.0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Hardness ratio
Wolf_1061 20163 ACIS
図4.27 ハードネス比(1.5–7.0/0.5–1.5 keV)の時間変化
0 50 100 150 Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Hardness ratio
0 50 100 150 200
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.1 0.2 0.3
Hardness ratio
0 10 20 30 40 50
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.00
0.25 0.50 0.75
Hardness ratio
0 10 20 30 40
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Hardness ratio
FU_Tau 10984 ACIS
0 10 20 30
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Hardness ratio
GJ876 17315 ACIS
0 5 10 15
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6
Hardness ratio
HAT-P-11 16669 ACIS
0 20 40 60 80
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.00
0.05 0.10 0.15
Hardness ratio
HD_163296 3733 ACIS
0 20 40 60 80
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Hardness ratio
HD_163296 12359 ACIS
0 5 10 15
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6
Hardness ratio
HR_8799 10975 ACIS
0 20 40 60
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Hardness ratio
LkCa_15 10999 ACIS
図4.28 ハードネス比とＸ線強度の相関
4.3 ライトカーブ 145
0 20 40 60 80
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
Hardness ratio
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 49899 ACIS
0 20 40 60 80 100
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.00
0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
Hardness ratio
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 641 ACIS
0 20 40 60 80
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Hardness ratio
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 2388 ACIS
0 20 40 60 80
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.5 1.0 1.5
Hardness ratio
Proxima_Cen 12360 ACIS
0 5 10 15 20
Hard counts + Soft counts 0
1 2 3
Hardness ratio
Proxima_Centauri 22185 ACIS
0 10 20 30
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Hardness ratio
Proxima_Centauri 22186 ACIS
0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6
Hardness ratio
TAU_CETI 1886 ACIS
0 50 100 150 200
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.1 0.2 0.3
Hardness ratio
TWA-5 971 ACIS
0 2 4 6
Hard counts + Soft counts 0
1 2 3 4
Hardness ratio
V830_Tau 21166 ACIS
0 5 10 15
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Hardness ratio
V1298_Tau 22913 ACIS
0 10 20 30 40
Hard counts + Soft counts 0.0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Hardness ratio
Wolf_1061 20163 ACIS
図4.29 ハードネス比とＸ線強度の相関
HD163296 3733 0.6±0.1
HD163296 12359 0.2±0.1
HR 8799 10975 0.0±0.2
Lkca 15 10999 0.4±0.2
PROXIMA CENTAURI 641 0.4±0.1 PROXIMA CENTAURI 2388 0.6±0.1 PROXIMA CENTAURI 12360 0.6±0.0 PROXIMA CENTAURI 22185 0.3±0.2 PROXIMA CENTAURI 22186 0.4±0.2 PROXIMA CENTAURI 49899 0.6±0.1
tau ceti 1886 0.0±0.2
TWA-5 971 0.5±0.1
V1298 Tau 22913 0.8±0.1
V830 Tau 21166 0.6±0.1
Wolf 1061 20163 0.4±0.1
相関係数は一般的には |0−0.2| で相関なし、|0.2−0.4| で弱い相関あり、|0.4−0.7| で相関あり、
|0.7−1.0|で強い相関ありという目安が用いられる。表4.1 より、Proxima centauriでは1つの観測 を除き少なくとも弱い正の相関があるといえる。M型星全般に関してもカウント数が多い観測では弱 い正の相関がある。
4.3 ライトカーブ 147
4.3.5 HRC
HRCを用いた観測データのライトカーブを図4.30, 4.31に示す。HRCはエネルギー分解能を持た ないため、フィルターで決まる1バンドのカウントレートだけが得られる。
0 2000 4000 6000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06
Count rate (counts/s)
51_Peg 10826 HRC
0 2500 5000 7500 10000
Time (s) 0.0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Count rate (counts/s)
AD_LEO 24 HRC
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Count rate (counts/s)
AD_LEO 975 HRC
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
ALPHA_TAURI 2554 HRC
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Time (s) 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Count rate (counts/s)
beta_Pic 13626 HRC
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 Time (s)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Count rate (counts/s)
EPSILON_ERI 1869 HRC
0 10000 20000 30000
Time (s) 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
Fomalhaut_b 17896 HRC
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Cen 14276 HRC
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Cen 17377 HRC
図4.30 HRCによるライトカーブ。
0 5000 10000 15000 Time (s)
0.0 0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500
Time (s) 0.000
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Cen 19790 HRC
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 Time (s)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Cen 19793 HRC
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Time (s) 0.00
0.05 0.10 0.15
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Centauri 20073 HRC
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Centauri 20080 HRC
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Time (s)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Centauri 19708 HRC
0 10000 20000 30000
Time (s) 0.0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Centauri 20084 HRC
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Time (s)
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Count rate (counts/s)
Tau_Boo 17715 HRC
0 10000 20000 30000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Count rate (counts/s)
Tau_Boo 20019 HRC
0 5000 10000 15000
Time (s) 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Count rate (counts/s)
Tau_Boo 20020 HRC
図4.31 HRCによるライトカーブ。
4.3 ライトカーブ 149
4.3.6
軌道位相に合わせたライトカーブ
トランジットが観測されているシステムでは軌道位相がわかっているので、横軸を惑星の軌道位相 (トランジットの中心が 0または1) とした ACISの 0.5–1.5 keVのライトカーブを図4.32-4.34に 示す。
0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 Orbital phase
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20
Count rate (counts/s)
AD_LEO 2570 ACIS
0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 Orbital phase
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ1214 15725 ACIS
0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 Orbital phase
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ_436 14459 ACIS
0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 Orbital phase 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ_436 15537 ACIS
0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 Orbital phase
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ_436 15536 ACIS
0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 Orbital phase
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ_436 15642 ACIS
0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.02 Orbital phase
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ436 17322 ACIS
0.34 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 Orbital phase
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030
Count rate (counts/s)
GJ436 17321 ACIS
0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.01 Orbital phase 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Count rate (counts/s)
HAT-P-2 15707 ACIS
0.500 0.505 0.510 0.515 0.520 Orbital phase
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020
Count rate (counts/s)
HAT-P-11 16669 ACIS
0.70 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.74 0.75 Orbital phase
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015
Count rate (counts/s)
Hat-P-20 15711 ACIS
0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
Orbital phase 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
Kepler-444 17733 ACIS
図4.32 横軸を軌道位相とした0.5–1.5 keVのライトカーブ
0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 Orbital phase
0.000 0.17 0.18 0.19
Orbital phase
0.00 0.260 0.265 0.270 0.275 0.280
Orbital phase 0.00
0.26 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.30 Orbital phase
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20
Count rate (counts/s)
PROXIMA_CENTAURI 2388 ACIS
0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88
Orbital phase 0.00
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Cen 12360 ACIS
0.295 0.300 0.305
Orbital phase 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Centauri 22185 ACIS
0.560 0.565 0.570 0.575
Orbital phase 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Centauri 22186 ACIS
0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020 Orbital phase
0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125 0.150
Count rate (counts/s)
V1298_Tau 22913 ACIS
0.110 0.115 0.120 0.125
Orbital phase 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Count rate (counts/s)
Wasp-8 15712 ACIS
0.79 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.83
Orbital phase 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
Wasp-10 15710 ACIS
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
Orbital phase 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
WASP-18 14566 ACIS
0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60
Orbital phase 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
WASP_19 15729 ACIS
図4.33 横軸を軌道位相とした0.5–1.5 keVのライトカーブ
4.3 ライトカーブ 151
0.99 1.00 1.01
Orbital phase 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
Wasp-38 15708 ACIS
0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64
Orbital phase 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
WASP_52 15728 ACIS
0.320 0.325 0.330 0.335 Orbital phase
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
WASP_59 15727 ACIS
0.90 0.95 1.00
Orbital phase 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015
Count rate (counts/s)
Wasp-77 15709 ACIS
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
Orbital phase 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
WD_1145+017 18917 ACIS
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Orbital phase 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
WD_1145+017 18918 ACIS
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Orbital phase 0.000
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Count rate (counts/s)
WD_1145+017 18919 ACIS
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
Orbital phase 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Count rate (counts/s)
WD_1145+017 18920 ACIS
図4.34 横軸を軌道位相とした0.5–1.5 keVのライトカーブ
4.3 ライトカーブ 153
0.99 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 Orbital phase
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Cen 14276 HRC
0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 Orbital phase
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Cen 17377 HRC
0.575 0.580 0.585 0.590
Orbital phase 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Cen 19788 HRC
0.2250 0.2275 0.2300 0.2325 0.2350 Orbital phase 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Cen 19789 HRC
0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Orbital phase 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Cen 19790 HRC
0.150 0.155 0.160
Orbital phase 0.000
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Cen 19793 HRC
0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33
Orbital phase 0.00
0.05 0.10 0.15
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Centauri 20073 HRC
0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56
Orbital phase 0.00
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Centauri 20080 HRC
0.69 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.74 Orbital phase
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Centauri 19708 HRC
0.92 0.93 0.94
Orbital phase 0.0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Count rate (counts/s)
Proxima_Centauri 20084 HRC
図4.36 軌道位相に対するHRCのライトカーブ。
まで晩期型星のＸ線観測で得られた結果と矛盾しない。(OB型星は0.5 keVほどが多い。)
4.4 エネルギースペクトル 155
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
AB Pic 15263
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 16:55
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
AD_LEO 2570
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 16:59
(apec+apec)
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
AD_LEO 2570
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 19−Jan−2020 18:39
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
DH Tau 15264
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 19−Jan−2020 18:22
10−410−30.010.11
FU_Tau 10984
1
0.5 2 5
−4−2024
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:11
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
GJ667C 17317
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:12
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
GJ876 17316
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:14
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
GJ876 17315
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:13
10−410−30.010.11
GJ876 Flare1 17315
1
0.5 2 5
−4−2024
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 10−Jan−2020 01:20
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
GJ876 Flare2 17315
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 14−Jan−2020 11:44
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
GJ876 Quiescent 17315
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 11−Jan−2020 20:59
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
HAT−P−2 15707
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:15
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
HAT−P−11 16669
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:16
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
HD_163296 3733
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 19−Jan−2020 18:35
(powerlaw+apec)
10−410−30.010.11
HD_163296 3733
1
0.5 2 5
−4−2024
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:21
図4.37 ACISのエネルギースペクトルにモデルをフィットした結果。
10−4 10−3
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:31
10−4 10−3
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 13−Jan−2020 14:21
10−4 10−3
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:32
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
PROXIMA CENTAURI 49899
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:54
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
PROXIMA CENTAURI 641
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:35
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
PROXIMA CENTAURI 641
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:35
10−410−30.010.11
PROXIMA CENTAURI Flare1 641
1
0.5 2 5
−4−2024
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 9−Jan−2020 20:31
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
PROXIMA CENTAURI Quiescent 641
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 11−Jan−2020 13:43
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
PROXIMA CENTAURI 2388
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:36
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
PROXIMA CENTAURI Flare1 2388
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 12−Jan−2020 17:58
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
PROXIMA CENTAURI Quiescent 2388
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 11−Jan−2020 18:32
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
Proxima Cen 12360
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:41
図4.38 ACISのエネルギースペクトルにモデルをフィットした結果。
4.4 エネルギースペクトル 157
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
Proxima Cen Flare1 12360
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 19−Jan−2020 19:55
(powerlaw+apec)
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
Proxima Cen Flare2 12360
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 9−Jan−2020 22:37
10−410−30.010.11
Proxima Cen Flare3 12360
1
0.5 2 5
−4−2024
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 10−Jan−2020 00:40
10−410−30.010.11
Proxima Cen Flare4 12360
1
0.5 2 5
−4−2024
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 10−Jan−2020 00:46
10−410−30.010.11
Proxima Cen Flare5 12360
1
0.5 2 5
−4−2024
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 10−Jan−2020 00:55
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
Proxima Cen Quiescent 12360
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 19−Jan−2020 19:57
(apec)
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
Proxima Centauri 22185
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:50
(powerlaw)
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
Proxima Centauri 22185
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:49
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
Proxima Centauri 22186
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:52
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
Proxima Centauri Flare1 22186
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 10−Jan−2020 01:06
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
Proxima Centauri Quiescent 22186
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 11−Jan−2020 18:38
(apec+apec)
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
TAU CETI 1886
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:56
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
TAU CETI 1886
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:55
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
TWA−5 971
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 19−Jan−2020 18:37
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
V830 Tau 21166
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 17:59
図4.39 ACISのエネルギースペクトルにモデルをフィットした結果。
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
V1298 Tau 22913
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 14−Jan−2020 12:08
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
Wolf_1061 20163
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 8−Jan−2020 18:00
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
Wolf_1061 Flare1 20163
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 19−Jan−2020 20:49
10−4 10−3 0.01 0.1 1
Wolf_1061 Quiescent 20163
1
0.5 2 5
−4
−2 0 2 4
Energy (keV) u_tubasa 19−Jan−2020 20:53
図4.40 ACISのエネルギースペクトルにモデルをフィットした結果。
4.4 エネルギースペクトル 159
表4.2スペクトルフィッティングの結果 天体名備考binspecObsIDPowerlawkT1kT2AbundanceReducedchi-squaredFlux(ergs/cm2/s)Luminosity(ergs/s) ABPicaverage20152634.31±0.270.83±0.020.38±0.121.91(142)1.32×10−123.53×1029 ADLEOaverage2025702.36 ±1.840.97±0.020.27±0.020.10 ±0.041.76(136)8.55×10−122.52×1028 ADLEOTT2025701.00 ±0.020.27±0.020.08±0.012.01(138)8.51×10−122.51×1028 DHTauaverage20152643.44 ±0.621.09 ±0.430.42±0.231.28(49)5.49×10−131.29×1030 FUTauaverage20109841.26 ±0.070.07±0.031.15(23)5.29×10−141.24×1029 GJ667Caverage7173170.68±0.080.13±0.081.10(9)3.43×10−141.92×1026 GJ876f17173150.85±0.040.11±0.031.37(39)5.51×10−131.46×1027 GJ876f27173150.96±0.170.26±0.090.19±0.170.88(10)2.37×10−136.28×1026 GJ876q20173150.84±0.140.20±0.100.32±0.240.61(5)1.83×10−134.84×1026 GJ876average20173150.87±0.060.26±0.040.19±0.071.55(24)2.55×10−136.74×1026 GJ876average7173160.91±0.150.07 frozen1.31(7)5.92×10−141.56×1026 HAT-P-2average7157070.48±0.101.00frozen0.12(5)3.20×10−145.34×1028 HAT-P-11average7166690.75±0.080.11±0.070.49(7)7.01×10−141.21×1028 HD163296average20123592.92±0.250.65±0.020.14±0.071.38(59)2.45×10−134.36×1029 HD163296average2037333.23 ±0.180.63±0.041.00 frozen1.04(37)2.20×10−133.91×1029 HD163296T2037330.62±0.020.05± 0.011.16(38)2.02×10−133.60×1029 HR7329Baverage744720.83±0.140.05±0.041.55(5)6.30×10−151.74×1027 HR8799average20109750.24±0.031.00 frozen0.75(1)4.56×10−148.48×1027 kapteyn’saverage7201623.65 ±0.610.84(5)3.66×10−146.70×1025 kapteyn’sT7201620.73±0.280.02± 0.050.97(4)2.55×10−144.66×1025 Lkca15average20109991.83 ±0.260.83±0.040.50frozen1.34(21)3.28×10−138.25×1029 Proximacenf220123602.74 ±0.210.77±0.040.20frozen1.00(25)6.78×10−121.36×1027 Proximacenf37123603.59 ±0.610.72(2)6.78×10−121.36×1027 Proximacenf47123604.54 ±0.490.60(4)6.59×10−121.32×1027 Proximacenf12023881.19 ±0.090.27±0.040.11±0.051.12(33)5.90×10−121.18×1027 Proximacenf120123601.24 ±0.150.35±0.130.16±0.131.19(10)5.05×10−121.01×1027 Proximacenf17221861.08 ±0.131.00frozen0.18(4)5.04×10−121.01×1027 Proximacenaverage20221854.89 ±0.2661.17(6)4.33×10−128.69×1026 Proximacenf57123600.79±0.091.00frozen0.17(3) 3.21×10−126.44×1026 Proximacenaverage20123600.94±0.030.25±0.020.15±0.021.10(71) 2.96×10−125.95×1026 Proximacenq20123600.87±0.030.23±0.010.20±0.040.93(59)2.41×10−124.84×1026 Proximacenaverage2023880.97±0.040.24±0.020.10±0.021.51(60)2.24×10−124.50×1026 Proximacenaverage20221860.78±0.100.26±0.150.44(4)1.70×10−123.41×1026 Proximacenq20221860.59±0.090.15±0.100.74(3)1.69×10−123.39×1026 Proximacenaverage20221850.75±0.080.22±0.121.51(5)1.66×10−123.33×1026 Proximacenq2023880.89±0.060.24±0.020.14±0.051.33(37)1.56×10−123.13×1026 Proximacenaverage206410.92±0.100.77±0.040.07±0.022.43(106)1.14×10−122.28×1026 Proximacenq206410.61±0.0564.0 ±78.31.00frozen2.44(103)1.08×10−122.16×1026 Proximacenaverage206410.66±0.0564.0 ±78.80.40frozen2.58(107)1.06×10−122.13×1026 Proximacenaverage20498992.66 ±0.210.70±0.080.06±0.031.52(117)7.26×10−131.46×1026 Proximacenf1206411.04 ±0.040.13±0.041.68(10)5.66×10−131.14×1026 taucetTT718860.20±1.16×1070.14±1.47×1053.79 ±7173.20(5)9.89×10−151.58×1025 taucetaverage718860.14±0.020.89±21.42.29(7)9.87×10−151.57×1025 TWA-5Aaverage209712.57 ±0.061.04 ±0.020.15±0.051.45(93) 2.05×10−121.54×1029 V1298Tauaverage7229130.73±0.140.09frozen0.42(6)7.39×10−131.04×1030 V1298Tauaverage20211661.27 ±0.101.40frozen1.08(3)4.35×10−138.93×1029 Wolf1061q20201630.28±0.050.13frozen0.13(2)5.90×10−141.30×1026 Wolf1061f120201630.96±0.140.08±0.080.41(2)3.21×10−137.08×1026 Wolf1061average20201630.86±0.240.14±0.070.06(4)4.80×10−141.06×1026
0 1 2 3 4 kT (keV)
10
25図4.41 温度kT とＸ線光度LX の関係。黒いデータ点は各観測について全てのデータを使った場 合、赤いデータ点はフレアを起こしている時間帯のみを抜き出した場合、青いデータ点はフレア時 以外の時間を抜き出した場合を表す。
19個の天体についてフィッティングの結果得られた光度LX と温度kT の関係を図4.41に示す。2 keV以上を示す高温結果(AB Pic 4.3 keV, DH Tau 3.4 keV, Proxima Centauri 2.7 keV)を別にする と、大部分の結果はkT =0.5−1.3keVの範囲に分布し、1 keV程度のものが非常に多いことがわか る。対応する0.5–7 keVの LX は1025−1030erg s−1と、ほぼ5桁もの範囲に分布していることがわ かる。また、フレア(赤)と静穏時(青)を比較すると、例数が少ないが、フレア時にＸ線光度と温度の いずれもが増加することがわかる。