㨪 ߘߩഞ❣ࠍࡄ࠰ࠦࡦߢㅊ૕㛎ߔࠆ㨪

ੱ㑆ߣᢥൻࠦ࡯ࠬ ጊญᢥᄦ ᔃℂߣᢎ⢒ࠦ࡯ࠬ ┻ౝ ቁ ߪߓ߼ߦ

㩷

ᳯᚭᤨઍ䈱೨ᦼ䈮๺▚䈲㓉⋓ᦼ䉕ㄫ䈋䈢䇯๺▚ኅ䇮᧛᧻⨃ᷡ䋨㪈㪍㪇㪏㪄㪈㪍㪐㪌䋩䇮㑐ቁ๺䋨㪈㪍㪋㪉㪄㪈㪎㪇㪏䋩䇮ᑪㇱ

⾫ᒄ䋨㪈㪍㪍㪋㪄㪈㪎㪊㪐䋩䇮᧻᳗⦟ᒠ䋨㪈㪍㪐㪉䋭㪈㪎㪋㪎䋩䈏౞๟₸䉕᳞䉄䈩᜸ᚢ䈚䈢ᄸ〔䉕ㄡ䉍䇮 䊌䉸䉮䊮䋨㪮㫀㫅㪻㫆㫎㫊㩷㪯㪧䋩䈪ㅊ૕㛎䈚䈢䇯㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 ౞๟₸䈲ਅ⸥䈱ᩴ䉁䈪ᱜ䈚䈒᳞䉄䉌䉏䈢䇯㩷

䊶᧛᧻⨃ᷡ䋺ዊᢙὐએਅ 㪎 ᩴ㩷 㩷 䋺䋳䋮䋱䋴䋱䋵䋹䋲䋶㩷

䊶㑐㩷 ቁ๺㩷 䋺ዊᢙὐએਅ 㪈㪉 ᩴ㩷 䋺䋳䋮䋱䋴䋱䋵䋹䋲䋶䋵䋳䋵䋸䋹㩷

䊶ᑪㇱ⾫ᒄ䋺ዊᢙὐએਅ 㪋㪈 ᩴ㩷 䋺㩷 䋳䋮䋱䋴䋱䋵䋹䋲䋶䋵䋳䋵䋸䋹䋷䋹䋳䋲䋳䋸䋴䋶䋲䋶䋴䋳㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䋳䋸䋳䋲䋷䋹䋵䋰䋲䋸䋸䋴䋱䋹䋷䋱䋶㩷

㩷 ౞๟₸䉕▚಴䈜䉎ේℂ䈲౞䈮ౝធ䈜䉎ᱜᄙⷺᒻ䈱๟䈱㐳䈘䉕᳞䉄䉎䈖䈫䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷

ᱜᄙⷺᒻ䈱ㄝᢙ䈏ᄢ䈐䈒䈜䉏䈳䈜䉎䈾䈬䇮ᱜᄙⷺᒻ䈱๟䈱㐳䈘䈲౞๟䈮ㄭ䈨䈒䇯䈖䈱ේℂ䈮ၮ䈨䈐ᦨೋ䈮

౞๟₸䉕ᛒ䈦䈢ᢙቇᦠ䈲䇺▚ର䋨䈘䉖䈠䋩䇻䈪䈅䉎䇯䈖䈱ᦠ䈲᧛᧻⨃ᷡ䈏ኡᢥ 㪊 ᐕ㩿㪈㪍㪍㪊㪀䈮⪺䈚䈢䇯䇺▚ର䇻䈮 䉋䉎䈫䇮᧛᧻⨃ᷡ䈲ᱜ 㪊㪉㪃㪎㪍㪏 ⷺᒻ䈱๟䈱㐳䈘䈎䉌౞๟₸ 㪊㪅㪈㪋㪈㪌㪐㪉㪍 䉕᳞䉄䈢䇯㩷

㩷 㑐ቁ๺䈲ᱜ 㪊㪉㪃㪎㪍㪏 ⷺᒻ䇮ᱜ 㪍㪌㪃㪌㪊㪍 ⷺᒻ䇮ᱜ 㪈㪊㪈㪃㪇㪎㪉 ⷺᒻ䈱ฦ๟䈱㐳䈘䉕⸘▚䈚䇮౞๟䉕䈖䈱ਃ䈧䈱ᢙ 䉕╬Ყᢙ೉䈫䈚䈩ᛒ䈉ᚻᴺ䉕⊒⷗䈚䈩䇮ዊᢙὐએਅ 㪈㪉 ᩴ䉁䈪䈱౞๟₸䉕᳞䉄䈢䇯䈖䈱ᚻᴺ䈲㑐ቁ๺䈱㐷 ᒉ䈱᧻᳗⦟ᒠ䈮䉋䉍⸃᣿䈘䉏䈢䇯㩷

㩷 ᐜ䈐㗃䉋䉍㑐ቁ๺䈮઀䈋䈢ᑪㇱ⾫ᒄ䈲㑐ቁ๺䈱ᚑᨐ䉕ᒁ䈐⛮䈑⊒ዷ䈘䈞䈩ዊᢙὐએਅ 㪋㪈 ᩴ䉁䈪䈱ᱜ䈚 䈇౞๟₸䉕᳞䉄䈢䇯

㩷 㩷

᧛᧻⨃ᷡߩ᜸ᚢ

㩷 ⪺ᦠ䇺▚ର䇻䈱౞๟₸▚಴䈱᭎ᔨ䉕࿑䋲䈮␜䈜䇯⋥ᓘ䋱䈱౞䈮ౝធ䈜䉎ᱜ䌮ⷺᒻ䈎䉌ᱜ 㫅䋫㪈 ⷺᒻ䈱๟䈱㩷 㩷

࿑ 㪈㩷 㑐ቁ๺䈱ಾᚻ㩷

㐳䈘䉕᳞䉄䉎㑐ଥ䉕ᐞ૗ቇ⊛䈮⠨ኤ䈚䈩䇮ẋൻᑼ

2 1

1

²

1 n

n

c c

䉕᩺಴䈚䈢䇯㩷

᧛᧻䈲 㫅㪔㪈㪌䋨හ䈤䇮ᱜ 㪊㪉㪃㪎㪍㪏 ⷺᒻ䋩䉁䈪䈱ẋൻᑼ䉕⸘▚䈚䈢䇯ᐔᣇᩮ䈏 㪉 ㊀䈮䈅䉎ⶄ㔀䈭ᑼ䉕▚⋚䈫▚

ᧁ䈫╩▚䈪⸘▚䈜䉎䈖䈫䈲ᄢᄌ䈭ഭജ䉕ⷐ䈚䈢䈖䈫䈲චಽ䈮ᗐ௝䈪䈐䉎䇯㩷

䈖䈱ẋൻᑼ䈲 㪜㫏㪺㪼㫃 䈪ኈᤃ䈮⸘▚䈪䈐䉎䇯᧛᧻䈲 㫅㪔㪈㪌 䈱ᱜ 㪊㪉㪃㪎㪍㪏 ⷺᒻ䈱⸘▚䈱ㅜਛ䈪䇮ዊᢙὐએਅ 㪎

ᩴ⋡䉁䈪䈲ᱜ䈚䈒⸘▚䈚䈢䈏䇮ዊᢙὐએਅ 㪏 ᩴ⋡䉕䇸䋵䇹䈪䈅䉎䈼䈐䈫䈖䉐䉕䇸䋴䇹䈫⸘▚㑆㆑䈇䉕䈚䈢䈖䈫䈏ಽ 䈎䉎䇯㩷

㩷 㩷

㩷 㩷

䋳䋮㑐㩷 ቁ๺䈱᜸ᚢ㩷

㪊㪅㪈 ౞䈮ౝធ䈜䉎ᱜᄙⷺᒻ

㩷

౞䈮ౝធ䈜䉎ᱜᄙⷺᒻ䈱๟䈱㐳䈘䉕▚಴䈜䉎ẋൻᑼ䉕᧛᧻䈲ᐞ૗ቇ⊛䈮᳞

䉄䈢䇯ẋൻᑼ䉕᳞䉄䉎ᣇᴺ䈲ਃⷺ㑐ᢙ䉕↪䈇䉎䈖䈫䉅䈪䈐䉎䇯ᒰὼਔ⠪䈲৻⥌

䈜䉎䇯㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷

㩷 ⋥ᓘ䉕䋱䈫䈜䉎න૏౞䈮ౝធ䈜䉎ᱜ䌮ⷺᒻ䈱๟䈱㐳䈘䈲 n n

Ln S

sin

㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷

2n

T S

㩷 㹢㩷

_{(1 1 sin 2 )}

2 ) 1 2 cos 1 2(

sin²T 1 T ² T

㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷

㩷

L n

S_n n _n S

1 sin

㩷 㹢㩷

2 1

1 ²

2 n

n

S S

㩷

㩷

_S2n䈲S_n䉋䉍ടᷫਸ਼㒰䈫㐿ᐔ▚䈣䈔䈪᳞䉄䉎䈖䈫䈏಴᧪䉎䇯㩷㩷

㩷 ⇟ภ䉕ઃ䈔ᦧ䈋䈩䇮

L ( n ) L

₂n䈫⟎䈒䇯䈜䉎䈫䇮L(1) 2,L(2) 2 2 )

( 2 ) ( )

( 2 )

(n L n L n S n

S ⁿ Ÿ ⁿ 䈫䈜䉏䈳䇮

2 ) ( 1 ) 1

1

( S n ²

n

S

㩷

࿑ 㪊㩷 ⋥ᓘ䋱䈱౞䈮ౝធ䈜 䉎䇸ᱜ2^{nᄙⷺᒻ䇹㩷}

㩷

䌮䈏ᄢ䈐䈒䈭䉏䈳䈭䉎䈾䈬䇮ᱜ ᄙⷺᒻ䈱๟䈲౞๟䈮ㄭ䈨䈒㩷

⴫ ᧛᧻⨃ᷡߩ౞๟₸▚಴⚿ᨐ㧔'ZEGN ߢㅊ૕㛎ߩ⚿ᨐ㧕 ᱜ ⷺᒻ߹ߢ⸘▚ߒዊᢙὐએਅ ᩴ߹ߢᱜߒ޿౞๟₸ࠍᓧߚ

㪊㪅㪉 㑐ቁ๺䈱౞๟₸⸘▚㩷 㩷

㩷

㩷㪣㫅䋺⋥ᓘ䋱䈱౞䈮ౝធ䈜䉎ᱜ䌮ⷺᒻ䈱๟䈱㐳䈘䈫䈜䉎ᰴ䈱 㪊 䈧䈱㐳䈘䉕వ䈝᳞䉄䈢䇯

889927759 1415926532

. 3 072

, 131 2

4

865913571 1415926523

. 3 536

, 65 2

2

769856708 1415926487

. 3 768

, 32 2

17 4 16 2 15

n n n

L n

L n

L n

㩷

ᰴ䈇䈪䇮

3 . 1415926535 89

) (

) (

) )(

(

2 4 2

2 4 2 2

c

n n n

n

n n n n n

n

L L L L

L L L L L

L

㩷

㩷

㑐䈲ẋൻᑼ䈮䉋䉍᧛᧻䈫ห䈛ᱜ 㪊㪉㪃㪎㪍㪏 ⷺᒻ䇮䈘䉌䈮䇮୚䈱ᱜ 㪍㪌㪃㪌㪊㪍 ⷺᒻ䇮䈘䉌䈮୚䈱ᱜ 㪈㪊㪈㪃㪇㪎㪉 ⷺᒻ䉁 䈪▚಴䈚䈢䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮䈖䈖䉁䈪䈲᧛᧻䈱䉝䉟䊂䉝䉕〯ⷅ䈚䈢䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯㑐䈲਄⸥䈱ᑼ䉕᩺಴䈚౞๟₸䉕ዊ ᢙὐએਅ 㪈㪉 ᩴ䉁䈪᳞䉄䉎䈖䈫䈮ᚑഞ䈚䈢䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮㑐䈲䈖䈱ᑼ䈱ᩮ᜚䉕౏㐿䈚䈭䈎䈦䈢䇯䈖䈱ᑼ䈱ᅷᒰᕈ䉕 ᬌ⸽䈚䈢䈱䈲㐷ᒉ䈱᧻᳗⦟ᒠ䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷

㩷

㪊㪅㪊 㑐ቁ๺䈱౞๟₸䈱▚಴䈱ㅊ૕㛎㩷

㩷

䊌䉸䉮䊮㩿㪮㫀㫅㪻㫆㫎㫊㩷㪯㪧㪀䈱චㅴ 㪙㪘㪪㪠㪚 䉕↪䈇䈩䇮㑐䈱౞๟₸▚಴䈱䉝䊦䉯䊥䉵䊛䉕䊒䊨䉫䊤䊚䊮䉫䈚䈢䇯㩷

࿑ 㑐ߩࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓ චㅴ $#5+% ߦࠃࠅࠦ࡯࠺ࠖࡦࠣ

࿑ චㅴ $#5+% ߦࠃࠆṶ▚⚿ᨐ

㑐ߪዊᢙὐએਅ ᩴࠍ଻⸽ߒߚ߇㑐ߩࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓࠍㅊ૕㛎ߢ⸘

▚ߔࠆߣ ᩴ߹ߢᱜߒ޿୯߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆ 㩷

㩷 㩷

䋴㪅㩷 㑐ቁ๺䈱ᓟ⛮⠪䊶᧻᳗⦟ᒠ䈱ᬌ⸽㩷 㪋㪅㪈 㑐ቁ๺䈱౞๟₸䈱ㄭૃ୯䈱⏕⹺㩷

䊶㩷 䌮㸢㺙㩷 䈫䈚䈢䈫䈐䈱 㪣㫅 䈱ᭂ㒢୯䋨හ䈤䇮౞๟₸䋩䉕ᰴ䈱䉋䈉䈭ή㒢๺䈪⴫⃻䈜䉎䇯㩷

㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷

L_{n (}L_2nL_n)(L_4n L_2n)(L_8nL_{4n) (1)}

㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷

䈠䈚䈩䇮ᢙ೉㩷 L_4nL_2n ,L_8nL_4n , ^䉕ೋ㗄L_4nL_2n ^䈪౏Ყ䈏

n n

n n

L L

L L

2 2

4 䈱╬Ყ⚖ᢙ䈫䉂䈭䈜䇯㩷

䈜䉎䈫䇮ᑼ䋱䈲

n n

n n

n n n

n n n

L L

L L

L L L

L L L

|

2 2 4

2 2 4

1 ) (

' 䈪ㄭૃ䈪䈐䉎䇯ᑼ䋱䈲㑐ቁ๺䈱ᭂ㒢୯L^'_'n^{䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷}

ᢙ೉L_4nL_2n,L_8nL_4n , 䈲ᰴ䈱ᱜᄙⷺᒻ䈱๟䈱㐳䈘䈫ర䈱ᱜᄙⷺᒻ䈱๟䈱㐳䈘䈱㓏Ꮕ䉕ᗧ๧䈚䈩 䈇䉎䇯ᑼ䋱䈲㪣㪉㫅䉕⿠ὐ䈫䈚䈩䇮㗅ᰴ䇮㓏Ꮕ䉕ട䈋䈩䇮౞๟䈱㐳䈘䈮ㄭ䈨䈔䉋䈉䈫䈚䈩䈇䉎䉅䈱䈪䈅䉍䇮䈖䈖䈮㑐 䈱㐹䈐䈏ᗵ䈛䉌䉏䉎䇯㩷

䈭䈍䇮౏Ყ

n n

n n

L L

L L

2 2

4 䈲䈾䈿 㪈㪆㪋 䈮䈭䉎䈖䈫䉕᧻᳗䈲ᬌ⸽䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯

㩷

㪋㪅㪉㩷 㓏Ꮕᢙ೉䈱ᬌ⸽㩷

᧻᳗䈲਄⸥䈪᳞䉄䈢䇸╙ 㪈 㓏Ꮕᢙ೉䇹䈍䉋䈶䇸╙䋱㓏Ꮕᢙ೉䈱Ყ䇹䈱䉂䈭䉌䈝䇮╙䋴㓏Ꮕ䉁䈪ᬌ⸽䈚䈢䇯㩷

䊶㩷

╙ 㪈 㓏Ꮕ䋺D(n) L(n)L(n1)

㩷 㹢㩷

D₍n_)/D₍n₁₎o _1/4

㩷

䊶㩷

^{╙ 㪉 㓏Ꮕ䋺}E(n) 4D(n)D(n1)

㩷 㹢㩷

E(n)/E(n1)o 1/16 1/4²

㩷 㩷 䊶㩷

╙ 㪊 㓏Ꮕ䋺F(n) 16E(n)E(n1)

㩷 㹢㩷

F(n)/F(n1)o 1/64 1/4³

㩷 䊶㩷

╙ 㪋 㓏Ꮕ䋺G₍n_{) 64}F₍n₎F₍n₁₎

㩷 㹢㩷

G(n)/G(n1)o 1/256 1/4⁴

㩷 㩷

㪋㪅㪊 ᧻᳗䈱ᬌ⸽䈚䈢䇸㓏Ꮕᢙ೉䇹䈍䉋䈶䇸㓏Ꮕᢙ೉䈱Ყ䇹䈱ㅊ૕㛎㩷

᧻᳗䈲㑐䈏ᑼ 㪈 䈪␜䈚䈢ᢙ೉䈲╬Ყ⚖ᢙ䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䉕⏕⹺䈚䈩䇮㓏Ꮕᢙ೉䈱Ყ䈏 㪈㪆㪋 䈮ㄭ䈨䈒䈖䈫䉕ᬌ⸽䈚 䈢䇯㩷

੹࿁䈱ㅊ૕㛎䈪䉅ห৻⚿ᨐ䉕ᓧ䈢䇯᧻᳗䈲╙ 㪋 ᰴ㓏Ꮕᢙ೉䉁䈪⏕⹺䈚䈢䈏䇮ㅊ૕㛎䉅ห᭽䈮ᬌ⸽䈪䈐䈢䇯㩷

㩷 㩷

࿑ 㓏Ꮕᢙ೉࡮㓏Ꮕᢙ೉ߩᲧߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ ࿑ ╙ 㓏Ꮕᢙ೉ߩᲧߩ⸘▚⚿ᨐ

㪌䋮ᑪㇱ⾫ᒄ䈱᜸ᚢ㩷

㪌㪅㪈㩷 ᑪㇱ⾫ᒄ䇸⚥ㆉჇ⚂ⴚ䇹䈮䉋䉎౞๟₸䈱▚಴

㩷

㩷

ᑪㇱ⾫ᒄ䈲㑐ቁ๺䊶᧻᳗⦟ᒠ䈱ᚑᨐ䉕ᒁ䈐⛮䈑⊒ዷ䈘䈞䈩䇮ዊᢙὐએਅ 㪋㪈 ᩴ䉁䈪䈱ᱜ䈚䈇౞㩷

๟₸䉕᳞䉄䈢䇯᧻᳗䈏␜䈚䈢㓏Ꮕᢙ೉䈱Ყ䉕╙ 㪐 ᰴ䉁䈪᳞䉄䉎䈫ᑼ 㪉 䈏⏕┙䈚䈢䇯䋨㪌㪅㪊 㗄䈮⵬⿷䈜䉎䇯䋩㩷

㩷 㩷 㩷 (2)

4 1 4

1 4

1 4

) 1 (

9 9 3

3 2 2 1

0 ¸ 㧔⺋Ꮕ㗄㧕

¹

¨ ·

© §

¸

¹

¨ ·

© §

¸¹

¨ ·

© §

¸¹

¨ ·

© §

n n

n n

A A

A A

A n

L 㩷

㩷 ᑪㇱ䈲వ䈝䇮᧛᧻䈫ห䈛᭎ᔨ䈪ਅ⸥䈱 㪈㪇 ୘䈱ᢙ୯䉕᳞䉄䈢䇯㩷

㩷 㩷 㩷

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ᰴ䈮䇮⺋Ꮕ㗄䉕 㪇 䈫⷗஖䈚䈩䇮㪘_㪇㪃㩷㪘_㪈㪃㩷 䊶䊶䊶㪘_㪐䉕ᧂ⍮ᢙ䈫䈜䉎 㪈㪇 రㅪ┙䋱ᰴᣇ⒟ᑼ䉕⸃䈐䇮㪣㩿㫅㪀䈱ⓥᭂ୯䋨䈜 䈭䉒䈤䇮౞๟₸䋩㪘㪇䉕᳞䉄䉎䈖䈫䈏಴᧪䉎䇯㩷

㩷 ታ㓙䈮䈲਄⸥ 㪈㪇 రㅪ┙䋱ᰴᣇ⒟ᑼ䉕⸃䈒䈖䈫䈲ኈᤃ䈪䈲䈭䈇䇯䈚䈢䈏䈦䈩䇮ᑪㇱ䈲ਅ⸥䈱ᣇᴺ䉕↪䈇䈩䇮 ዊᢙὐએਅ 㪋㪈 ᩴ䉁䈪䈱౞๟₸䉕᳞䉄䈢䇯䈖䈱ᣇᴺ䉕ᑪㇱ䈲䇸⚥ㆉჇ⚂ⴚ䇹䈫䉋䉖䈪䈇䉎䇯㩷

䇸⚥ㆉჇ⚂ⴚ䇹䈱⠨䈋ᣇ䉕ਅ⸥䈮␜䈜䇯㩷

䊶㩷 䌮_㪇䋽㪈㪇 䈫䈚䇮㪣㩿㫂㪃㫅㪀㩷㪃㩷㪇㻡㫂㪓㫅㻡䌮_㪇㩷䉕ᰴ䈱䉋䈉䈮ቯ䉄䉎䇯㩷

䊶㩷 䉁䈝䇮㪣㩿㪇㪃㫅㪀䋽㪣㩿㫅㪀䈫䈜䉎䇯䋨ᑪㇱ䈲㪣㩿㪇㪃㪈㪀㪃㪣㩿㪇㪃㪉㪀㪃䊶䊶䊶䊶㪣㩿㪇㪃㪈㪇㪀䈲੍䉄᧛᧻ᣇᑼ䈪⸘▚䈚䈩䈅䉎䇯䋩㩷 䊶㩷㪣㩿㫂㪄㪈㪃㫅㪀䈏ቯ䉁䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮㪣㩿㫂㪃㫅㪀䉕ᰴ䈱䉋䈉䈮䈐䉄䉎䇯㩷

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㩷 ᑼ 㪉 䈱㪘㪇㩷䉕᳞䉄䉎䈢䉄䈮ᑪㇱ䈲Ꮑᅱ䈭䉝䊦䉯䊥䉵䊛䋨ᑼ 㪊䋩䉕⊒⷗䈚䈢䇯㩷 䈖䈱䉝䊦䉯䊥䉵䊛䈱ᚻ㗅䉕ਅ⸥䈮␜䈜䇯㩷

╙㧝ടㅦㄭૃ୯ ߩ㗄ࠍᶖߔ

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㪌㪅㪉㩷 ᑪㇱ⾫ᒄ䇸⚥ㆉჇ⚂ⴚ䇹䈮䉋䉎౞๟₸䈱▚಴䈱ㅊ૕㛎

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࿑ ⚥ㆉჇ⚂ⴚߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔චㅴ $#5+%㧕㧕

࿑ ╙ ടㅦㄭૃ୯߹ߢߩ⸘▚⚿ᨐ

࿑ ╙ ടㅦㄭૃ୯߹ߢߩ⸘▚⚿ᨐ㩷

࿑ ╙ ടㅦㄭૃ୯߹ߢߩ⸘▚⚿ᨐ ዊᢙὐએਅ ᩴ߹ߢߩᱜߒ޿౞๟₸ࠍ▚಴ߒߚ㩷 㩷

䋵䋮䋳㩷 㩷 ᑼ 㪉 䈱⸽᣿㩷

㩷

ᑪㇱ䈲᧻᳗䈏␜䈚䈢㓏Ꮕᢙ೉䈱Ყ䉕╙ 㪐 ᰴ䉁䈪᳞䉄䈩ᑼ 㪉 䉕⏕┙䈚䈢䇯╩⠪䈲㓏Ꮕᢙ೉䈱Ყ䉕╙ 㪉 ᰴ 䉁䈪૶↪䈚䈩䇮ᑼ 㪉 䈱᳞䉄ᣇ䈱ᬌ⸽䉕䈚䈢䇯㩷

㪸

_㫅䉕ᢙ೉䈫䈜䉎䇯╙ 㪈 㓏Ꮕᢙ೉ 㪹㫅㪔㪸㫅㪄㪸㫅㪄㪈㪃㩷 㩷 㫅䋽㪉㪃㪊㪃㪋㪃䊶䊶䊶䈏㩷 ਅᑼ䉕ḩ䈢䈜䉅䈱䈫䈜䉎䇯㩷

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䋵㪅䋴㩷 ᑼ 㪉 䉕ᓸಽⓍಽቇ䋨䊁䉟䊤䊷ዷ㐿䋩䈪⸃ᨆ䈜䉎㩷

ߣ⟎ߊߣ ߥߩߢޔ

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㩷 ᑼ 㪈㪈 䈮䈍䈇䈩䇮䌮㸢㺙䈫䈜䉎䈫䇮㫃㫀㫄㩷㪣㩿㫅㪀㩷㪔㱜㩷 䈫䈭䉍ᑪㇱ䈱ਥᒛ䋨ᑼ 㪉䋩䈫ห৻䈫䈭䉎䇯㩷

) 4 ( 4b₂b₁ b₂b₁

ో䈒੤ᵹ䈞䈝䈮䇮䈾䈿หᤨᦼ䈮⁛⥄䈮⠨᩺䈚䈢䈫䈖䉐䈮ଔ୯䈏䈅䉎䇯㩷 㩷

䋶䋮䈍䉒䉍䈮㩷

㩷 ᳯᚭᤨઍ೨ᦼ䈱 㪋 ੱ䈱๺▚ኅ䈏౞๟₸䉕ត᳞䈚䈢〔䉕ㅊ䈦䈩䇮䊌䉸䉮䊮䉕↪䈇䈩ㅊ૕㛎䈚䈢䇯৻⥸⊛䈮

౏⴫䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䊂䊷䉺䈫ห䈛⚿ᨐ䈏಴䈢䈫䈐䈮䈲䇮䈖䉏䉌䈱๺▚ኅ䈱⻧ຕ䈮ធ䈚䈢䉋䈉䈭༑䈶䉕ᗵ䈛䈢䇯㩷 㩷 ᧛᧻䈲ᱜ䌮ⷺᒻ䈎䉌ᱜ䋲㫅 ⷺᒻ䈱๟䈱㐳䈘䉕᳞䉄䉎ẋൻᑼ䉕᩺಴䈚䇮⋥ᓘ䋱䈱౞䈮ౝធ䈜䉎ᱜ 㪊㪉㪃㪎㪍㪏 ⷺ ᒻ䈱๟䈱㐳䈘䈎䉌䇮ዊᢙὐએਅ 㪉㪈 ᩴ䉁䈪⸘▚䈚䇮⥄⪺䇺▚ର䇻䈪౏⴫䈚䈢䇯䈢䈣䈚 㪏 ᩴ⋡䈪⸘▚㑆㆑䈇䉕䈚 䈩䈇䈢䇯䈖䈱䈖䈫䈲ㅊ૕㛎䈪䉅⏕⹺䈪䈐䈢䇯䋨⴫䋱䋩㩷

㩷 㑐䈲䇮᧛᧻䈫ห䈛ᣇᴺ䈪䇮ᱜ 㪊㪉㪃㪎㪍㪏 ⷺᒻ䇮ᱜ 㪍㪌㪃㪌㪊㪍 ⷺᒻ䇮ᱜ 㪈㪊㪈㪃㪇㪎㪉 ⷺᒻ䈱๟䈱㐳䈘䉕᳞䉄䇮䈖䉏䉌䈱 ᢙ೉䈱㓏Ꮕ䈲╬Ყᢙ೉䈫䈭䉎䈖䈫䈮㐹䈐䇮ή㒢ᄢ䈱╬Ყ⚖ᢙ䈫䈚䈩౞๟₸䉕᳞䉄䈢䇯ዊᢙὐએਅ 㪈㪉 ᩴ䉁䈪 䈱౞๟₸䉕ᓧ䈢䈖䈫䉕ት⸒䈚䈢䇯ታ㓙䈲 㪈㪏 ᩴ䉁䈪䈱ᱜ䈚䈇౞๟₸䉕ᓧ䈩䈇䈢䈏䇮วุ䈱್ቯ䈲⥄ಽ䈪ᬌ

⸽䈜䉎䈚䈎ᚻᲑ䈏䈭䈇ᤨઍ䈪䈅䈦䈢䇯䋨࿑ 㪌䋩㩷

㩷 ᑪㇱ䈲↹ᦼ⊛䈭⚥ㆉჇ⚂ⴚ䉕⠨᩺䈚䈩䇮ዊᢙὐએਅ 㪉㪈 ᩴ䉁䈪䈱౞๟₸䉕᳞䉄䈢䇯䈠䈱⚿ᨐ䈲⥄⪺䇺✄

ⴚ▚⚻䇻䈮⸥䈚䈩䈅䉎䇯䋨࿑ 㪈㪉䋩㩷 ฝ஥ 㪊 ⴕ⋡䈎䉌 㪌 ⴕ⋡䈮䈎䈔䈩䇮ṽᢙሼ䈱 㪋㪉

ᩴ䋨ዊᢙὐએਅ 㪋㪈 ᩴ䋩䈱౞๟₸䈏⹶䉌 䈚䈕䈮⸥䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷

㩷 䈢䈣䈚䇮ዊᢙὐએਅ 㪋㪈 ᩴ⋡䈱ᢙ୯ 䈲䇸䋲䇹䈫䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䈏䇮ᢙ⴫䉇╩⠪䈱 ㅊ૕㛎䈪䈲䇸㪍䇹䈪䈅䉎䈼䈐䈪䈅䉎䇯䇺✄

ⴚ▚⚻䇻䈲ᦠ䈐㑆㆑䈋䈢䉅䈱䈫ᕁ䉒䉏 䉎䇯䋨࿑ 㪈㪈䇮࿑ 㪈㪉䋩㩷

㩷 ᧻᳗䈲㑐䈱㐷ᒉ䈫䈚䈩䇮㑐䈱䇸㓏Ꮕ ᢙ೉䇹䉇䇸㓏Ꮕᢙ೉䈱Ყ䇹䈱⠨䈋ᣇ䉕㩷 ᢛℂ䈚䇮ห䈛䈒㑐䈱㐷ᒉ䈪䈅䉎ᑪㇱ䈮ᓇ㩷 㗀䉕෸䈿䈚䈢䇯㩿࿑ 㪎䋩㩷

䋷䋮ෳ⠨ᢥ₂㩷

㧔㧝㧕᫪ᧄశ↢, 1999, ࡄ࠰ࠦࡦߦࠃࠆ⸃ᨆቇ, ᡼ㅍᄢቇᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝ળ, ᧲੩

㧔㧞㧕ዊᎹ ᧤, ૒⮮ஜ৻,┻ਯౝ⣑,᫪ᧄశ↢, 2008, ᑪㇱ⾫ᒄߩᢙቇ, ౒┙಴ ᩣᑼળ␠, ᧲੩ 㧔㧟㧕ዊኹ ⵨,2010, ᳯᚭߩᢙቇ ๺▚, ᛛⴚ⹏⺰␠, ᧲੩

࿑ 㪈㪉㩷 ᑪㇱ⾫ᒄ䇺✄ⴚ▚⚻䋨㪈㪎㪉㪉 ᐕೀ䋩䇻㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䋨࿖┙౏ᢥᦠ㙚ౝ㑑ᢥᐶ䋩㩷

䊣 -2 䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䝒䞊䝹ᑡ⪃

⏘ᴗ䛸ᢏ⾡ᑓᨷ༞ᴗ ཱྀᨻග 䠍. 䛿䛨䜑䛻

ᶵჾ䚸ᕤල䛺䛹䜢౑䛖䛸䛝䚸౑䛔຾ᡭ䛾ᝏ䛥䛻䛖䜣䛦䜚䛧䛯⤒㦂䛿ㄡ䛻䛷䜒䛒䜚䜎䛩䚹㢼㞷䛻⪏䛘 㛗䛔ᖺ᭶䜢⤒㐣䛧䛯ၟရ䛻䛿䛔䛔䜒䛾䛜䛒䜚䜎䛩䛜䚸䛻䜟䛛䛺〇ရ䛻䛿≀㊊䜚䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜ከ䛟≉䛻 䝟䝋䝁䞁䜢౑䛔ጞ䜑䜛䛸䛝䛻㢧ⴭ䛻ឤ䛨䜎䛩䚹䛣䛾ᑡ⪃䛿䚸䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛾ᇶ♏䜢⌮ゎ䛥䜜䝒䞊䝹䛸 䛧䛶౽฼䛻౑䛔䛣䛺䛫䜛䜘䛖䛻㢪䛳䛶䜎䛸䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹

2.䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛾Ṕྐ

Ᏻ඲ᆺ⮬㌿㌴䛿1817ᖺ䛻ᐇ⏝໬䛥䜜䚸䜺䝋䝸䞁⮬ື㌴䛜Ⓨ᫂䛥䜜䛯䛾䛿1859ᖺ䛷䛒䜛䛾䛻ᑐ 䛧䛶䚸䛭䜝䜀䜣䛾䜘䛖䛺ィ⟬ჾ䛿⣖ඖ๓2000㡭䚸㝵ᕪᶵ㛵䚸ゎᯒᶵ㛵䛸䛧䛶䛾ィ⟬ᶵ䛿1833ᖺ 㡭䛻䛿䛩䛷䛻⪃᱌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜎䛧䛯䛜䚸᪥ᮏ䛾䝟䞊䝋䝘䝹䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛾ጞ䜎䜚䛿 1973 ᖺ䛣䜝䛷䛧䛯䚹 ᡃ䛜ᅜ䛾䝟䞊䝋䝘䝹䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛿Ᏻ඲ᆺ⮬㌿㌴䛛䜙160ᖺ䚸㌴䛛䜙110ᖺ㏆䛟㐜䜜䛶䝇䝍䞊䝖䛧 䛯Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖ䛾〇ရ䛸ゝ䛘䜎䛩䚹

⤮䛷ぢ䜛䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛾Ṕྐ

3.䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍㛤Ⓨ䛾䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖

⮬㌿㌴䛾฼⏝⪅䛿䛚䜘䛭3ṓඣ䛛䜙90ṓ䛟䜙䛔䜎䛷䛾ᡂே䛜ᑐ㇟䛷䚸ከ䛟䛾ୡ௦䛜஌䜚䛣䛺䛧 䜎䛩䚹⮬㌿㌴䛻䛚䛔䛶3㍯㌴䚸⿵ຓ㍯௜䛝2㍯㌴䚸⿵ຓ㍯䛺䛧2㍯㌴䚸䛱䜗䛳䛸኱䛝䛟䛺䛳䛯⮬㌿

㌴䚸䛰䛔䜆኱䛝䛟䛺䛳䛯⮬㌿㌴䛸㈙䛔᥮䛘䜙䜜䜎䛩䚹䜎䛥䛻ᡂ⇍䛧䛯ၟရ䛷䛩䚹୍᪉䚸䝟䞊䝋䝘䝹䝁 䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛿ᮍᡂ⇍ၟရ䛾୍䛴䛷䛒䜚OS䜔ᶵ✀䛿ᩘ✀䛒䛳䛶䜒≉䛻ึᚰ⪅ྥ䛡䛸䛔䛖㛤Ⓨ䛿䛥 䜜䛶䛔䜎䛫䜣䚹ὒ᭹䛾䜘䛖䛻ⱝ⪅䚸ᖺ㓄⪅ྥ䛡䚸⑭䛫䛯ே䚸ኴ䛳䛯ே䛸䛔䛖༊ศ䜒䛺䛟䚸኱㞧ᢕ䛷䛩䚹

䝧䝔䝷䞁䚸ึᚰ⪅ྥ䛡䛺䛹䛸ရᥞ䛘䜢ቑ䜔䛫䜀䚸౯᱁䛿㦫䛟䜋䛹㧗䛟䛺䜚䜎䛩䚹䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䝯䞊䜹 䞊䛿ከ䛟䛾ே䛻኱⾗౯᱁䛷ᥦ౪䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ᣦ䛧䚸↓⌮䜔䜚ὒ᭹䛻య䜢ྜ䜟䛫䜛䜘䛖䛺䛣䛸䜢䛧䛶䛔 䜎䛩䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺䛔䛝䛥䛴䜢⌮ゎ䛧Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖ䛾䝒䞊䝹䛸⪃䛘䜜䜀䚸ึᚰ⪅䛷䜒⭡䜒❧䛯䛪㎞ᢪᙉ䛟 ぬ䛘䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䛷䛧䜗䛖䚹䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䜢౑䛔䛣䛺䛩䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛䛯䜑䛾ⱞ⾜䛿ᒣ䛻Ⓩ䜛䜘䛖䛺䜒䛾䛷䛩䚹 㡬ୖ䜢ᴟ䜑䛯䛸䛝䛿∝ᛌឤ䚸㐩ᡂឤ䛷‶䛯䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛷䛧䜗䛖䚹

4.䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛾௙⤌䜏

㌴䜢஌䜚䛣䛺䛩䛻䛒䛯䜚䚸㌴䛻㛵䛩䜛ᇶ♏▱㆑䜢㌟䛻௜䛡䜎䛩䚹䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䜢౑䛔䛣䛺䛩䛯䜑䛻 䜒ᇶᮏⓗ䛺▱㆑䜢㌟䛻௜䛡䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜚䜎䛫䜣䚹䛒䜛᫬ᮇ䛻Ⓨ኎䛥䜜䛯䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛾᧯స䜢䝬䝇 䝍䞊䛧䛯䛸䛧䛶䜒ྂ䛟䛺䜚㈙䛔᥮䛘䛯䜚䚸ᇶᮏⓗ䛺ᶵ⬟䜢㞟኱ᡂ䛧䛯䜸䝨䝺䞊䝔䜱䞁䜾䞉䝅䝇䝔䝮䛜᪂ 䛧䛟Ⓨ኎䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜䛒䜚䜎䛩䚹䛭䛾䜘䛖䛻᫬ᮇ䛻䛿᪂⪺䞉㞧ㄅ䜢䛿䛨䜑䛸䛩䜛䝬䝇䝁䝭䛻ゎㄝグ஦䛜

㍕䜚䜎䛩䚹䛭䜜䜙䜢⌮ゎ䛧᪂䛧䛔ᶵ⬟䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䜒䚸䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛾ᇶ♏䜢⌮ゎ䛧䜎䛧䜗䛖䚹

ドキュメント内 茨城SCフォーラム第3号 (ページ 43-54)