86
87
ߒ߆ߒޔ⪇߿߆ߥࠬ࠹ࠫߩߢ⌇ߒࠬࡐ࠶࠻ࠗ࠻ࠍᶎ߮ߡ〭ࠅ⛯ߌࠆߎߣ߇♖
⊛ߦ߽⡺⊛ߦ߽ਇน⢻ߥࠃ߁ߦޔ67 ᐕ㗃ߦߪޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߦ⠞ࠅ߇߃ ᆎߡߚޕߘߩේ࿃ߪታߦන⚐ߢࠅޔࠗࠡࠬߩ㜞ᐲ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳߇ṛߒᆎߚߎߣߢޔ ਇᴫਅߢߪᔟᭉਥ⟵⊛ߥᶖ⾌ဳߩࠗࡈࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߎߣ߇࿎㔍ߦߥߞߚ߆ࠄߢ
ࠆޕߘࠇߪ৻ቯߩߩߞߚ⧯⠪ߚߜߦߣߞߡ߽ᄖߢߪߥ߆ߞߚޕߘߩᗧߢޔޟࠬ࠙
ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߪ⊹⡺ߦ߽⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߩ⚂ࠍฃߌ߿ߔ⧯⠪ᢥൻߢߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ ޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩᄬㅦߪ࠶ࠢࠬޔ࠼࠶ࠣޔࡠ࠶ࠢࡦࡠ࡞ߣ߁ਃᜉ ሶឥߞߚ੨ᭉ⊛ߥࠗࡈࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ࠍߢⴕߊሽߢߞߚࡠࡦࠣࠬ࠻ࡦ࠭ߩਅ㒠
✢ߦߘߩ߹߹⽎ᓽߐࠇߡࠆޕ67 ᐕߦߪฬߥ࠶࠼ࡦ࠭ߢߩࡒ࠶ࠢࠫࡖࠟߣࠠ
ࠬ࠴ࡖ࠭ߩ㤗⮎ઙߣⵙ್ޔ69 ᐕߦߪᦨ߽㖸ᭉ⊛ᚽ⢻ߩߞߚࠡ࠲ࠬ࠻
࠳ߩࡉࠗࠕࡦ࡚ࠫࡦ࠭(Brian Jones, 1942-69)ߩ⻘ߩṃᱫ߇㑆ࠍ㛍߇ߖߚޕ߹ߚޔ ࡒ࠶ࠢࠫࡖࠟ߇⥄りߩࠗࡔࠫߦㄭ࠼࠶ࠣਛᲥߩ⪭ߜ⋡ߢቅ⁛ߥࡠ࠶ࠢࠬ࠲ᓎ ߢਥṶߒߚ70ᐕ㐿ߩᤋ↹ޡࡄࡈࠜࡑࡦࠬޢ(Performance, 1970)ߪޔޡ࠲ࠗࡓޢ߆ࠄ“the most disgusting, the most completely worthless film I have seen since I began reviewing.” (West
212) ߣ㉃⹏ߐࠇޔᬺ⊛ߦ߽ᄬᢌߦ⚳ࠊߞߚ㚝ߢߞߚޕߐࠄߦߪޔࡠࡦࠣࠬ࠻
ࡦ࠭ߩ໑৻ήੑߩࠗࡃ࡞ߢߞߚࡆ࠻࡞࠭߇࠼࠶ࠣ㗴߽ߘߩ৻࿃ߦߥߞߡߚ ࡔࡦࡃ㑆ߩଔ୯ⷰߩ⋧㆑߿ਇ⺞߆ࠄޔࡐ࡞ࡑ࠶ࠞ࠻࠾߇⣕ㅌࠍߒߚߎߣ ߢޔ70ᐕߦ⸃ᢔߒߡߒ߹߁ޕޟࡁࡦ㧛ࡑ࠶ࠞ࠻࠾ޠߣ߁ผᦨᒝߩ࠰ࡦࠣࠗ࠹ࠖ
ࡦࠣ࠴ࡓࠍᡰ߃ߚ㓏⚖⊛⚷Ꮺߪ⣀ߊ߽ᶖṌߒߡߒ߹ߞߚߩߢࠆޕ
ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ࠼࠶ࠣࠍߋࠆੱ㑆㑐ଥߩਇද㖸߆ࠄߪޔ࠼࠶ࠣ߇ᔟᭉ߿ⷡ㉕ߩઍఘ ߣߒߡࠗࠡࠬᢥൻ⇇ࠍ⏕ታߦⲁࠎߢߞߚߎߣ߇┍⍮ࠇࠆޕߘߩὐߢޔ66ᐕ6ߦ㜞
⚖㔀ޡࠢࠗࡦޢ(Queen)߇ޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠫࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ̆ߘߩ⌀ታޠ(“Swingeing London: The Truth”, 1966)ߣ߁ଗㄗ⊛ߥߒࠍឝߍ(Rycroft 81)ޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩ࠼࠶
ࠣ㗴ߩታᘒࠍ⺞ᩏߒߚߩߪ㍈ᵢኤߛߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ࠼࠶ࠣࠞ࡞࠴ࡖߪ♖⊛ⷡ
㉕ߣ㕟ᣂ⊛ᗐജࠍ߽ߚࠄߔ㝷ᴺߢߞߚ߆߽ߒࠇߥ߇ޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠࠍ ๆㄟࠎߢߒ߹߁Ꮒᄢߥࡉ࠶ࠢࡎ࡞ߢ߽ߞߚߩߢࠆޕߘߒߡޔ67 ᐕએ㒠ߪࠕࡔ
ࠞᶏጯߩࠨࡦࡈࡦࠪࠬࠦ߇⧯⠪ᢥൻߩਛᔃߣߥࠅޔࠗࠡࠬᢥൻߦୟߐࠇߡߚ ࠕࡔࠞᢥൻ߇Ꮞ߈ߒࠍߺߖࠆޕߎ߁ߒߡޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߪޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲
ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߦๆߐࠇࠆᒻߢޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࠪ࠶ࠢࠬ࠹ࠖ࠭ޠ߳ߣᒛࠍㆀߍߡ
ߊߩߢࠆޕ
㧔㧞㧕ޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߩ⚳Ὣ
ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ߇ᦨᓟߩࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠣࠍߒߡߚ66ᐕ㗃ޔࠕࡔࠞߢߪᶏጯߩࠨࡦࡈࡦࠪࠬ
ࠦࠍਛᔃߦࡠ࠶ࠢߣ࠼࠶ࠣߢ♖⊛ⷡ㉕ࠍ⺃⊒ߔࠆޟࠨࠗࠤ࠺࠶ࠢࡓࡧࡔࡦ࠻ޠ
(psychedelic movement)߇ߎࠅᆎߡߚޕࠨࠗࠤ࠺࠶ࠢߪޔ60 ᐕઍߩ࠼࠶ࠣࠍઍ
ߔࠆ LSD ߦࠃࠆᐛⷡ㛎߇↥ߺ⪭ߣߒߚᔃℂ⊛ᗵⷡߢࠆޕߘߩᚻᲑߣߒߡ↪ߐࠇߚ LSD ߩᱜᑼฬ⒓ߪ࡞ࠣ㉄ࠫࠛ࠴࡞ࠕࡒ࠼ߢޔ㕖Ᏹߦᒝὓߥ↪ࠍߔࠆඨวᚑߩᐛⷡ
ߢߞߚޕLSDߪࠕࡔࠞߩᔃℂቇ⠪࠹ࠖࡕࠪࠕ(Timothy Leary, 1920-96)ߦࠃ ߞߡ♖ታ㛎ߦ↪ࠄࠇߚߎߣߢޔᓢޘߦ⧯⠪ߩ㑆ߦᶐㅘߒߡߞߚޕߘߩ⁁ᴫࠍฃߌߡޔ
88
66ᐕ10ߦࠕࡔࠞมᴺᒰዪߪޔෂ㒾ߥᐛⷡߣߒߡLSDࠍ㕖วᴺൻߔࠆޕߛ߇ޔLSD ߪࠊ߫ᤨઍߩ᰼᳞ߣߒߡߒߚ߽ߩߛߞߚޕ⊹⡺ߥߎߣߦ㕖วᴺߣߥߞߚߎߣߢޔLSD ߪޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߦ߅ߡޔߘߩੱ᳇ࠍࠃࠅ㜞ߡߊߎߣߦߥࠆޕߥ߅ޔ65 ᐕ㗃ߦߪߔߢߦࠗࠡࠬߢ߽ᵹㅢߒᆎߡ߅ࠅޔࡆ࠻ࠫࠚࡀ࡚ࠪࡦߩੱޔࠕ
ࡦࠡࡦ࠭ࡃࠣ߇ṛ⧷ᤨߦࡃࡑࠗ࡞ࠬ(Barry Miles, 1943-)ࠄࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߩ⧯ᚻᢥൻੱ
ߦࠕࠪ࠶࠼㛎ࠍ⚫ߒޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩ1ߟߩࠕࠗ࠹ࡓߣߥߞߡߚޕ
߃߫ޔ67 ᐕ⊒ߩࡆ࠻࡞࠭ߩࠨࠗࠤ࠺࠶ࠢߥࠕ࡞ࡃࡓޡࠨࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࡍࡄ࠭ࡠ ࡦࡂ࠷ࠢࡉࡃࡦ࠼ޢᚲߩޟ࡞ࠪࠗࡦࠩࠬࠞࠗ࠙ࠖ࠭࠳ࠗ
ࠕࡕࡦ࠭ޠ(“Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds”, 1967)ߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩฬ⹖ߩ㗡ᢥሼࠍߟߥߍࠆߣ LSD ߦߥࠆࠕ࠽ࠣࡓ߆ࠄޔ࠼࠶ࠣߩ㜞឴ᗵߦߟߡߞߡࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߢࠅޔ
⹖ߩౝኈ߽ࠨ࠙ࡦ࠼߽ࠨࠗࠤ࠺࠶ࠢ㖸ᭉߩౖဳߣߐࠇߡࠆ(Lee and Shlain 143)ޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ࠼࠶ࠣࠞ࡞࠴ࡖ߇⧷☨ߢቯ⌕ߒߚ 67ᐕ 1 ߦޔޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖ
ޠߦ߅ߡઍ␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆੱ㑆ᕈߩ࿁ᓳߣ߁ᱜᄢߥℂᗐࠍਥᒛߒߚᐔਥ⟵⠪
ࡅ࠶ࡇ(Hippie)ߚߜߩ㓸ળޟࡅࡘࡑࡦࡆࠗࡦޠ(Human Be-In)߇ࠨࡦࡈࡦࠪࠬࠦߩ
ࠧ࡞࠺ࡦࠥ࠻ࡄࠢߢ㐿ߐࠇߚޕߐࠄߦޔหᐕ6ߦߪ60ᐕઍ㖸ᭉࠪࡦࠍ⺆
ࠆߢㆱߌߡߪㅢࠇߥ㊁ᄖ㖸ᭉࡈࠚࠬ࠹ࠖࡃ࡞ߩḮᵹߣߥߞߚޟࡕࡦ࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊ
ࡈࠚࠬ࠹ࠖࡃ࡞ޠ(Monterey Pop Festival)߽㐿ߐࠇߡࠆޕ㧞
ߎ߁ߒߚࠛࡐ࠶ࠢࡔࠗࠠࡦࠣߥᄢⷙᮨ㊁ᄖࠗࡌࡦ࠻߇㐿ߐࠇߚߎߣ߽ࠅޔ67 ᐕߩ ᄐߪޟࠨࡑࠝࡉࡉޠ(Summer of Love)ߣ߫ࠇޔ⧯⠪ߚߜߩ␠ળᄌ㕟ᗧ⼂߇৻ቯߩ Ꮢ᳃ᮭࠍᜬߜᆎߚ⁁ᴫࠍ⽎ᓽߒߡߚޕࠕࡔࠞߩࠪࡦࠟ࠰ࡦࠣࠗ࠲ޔࠬࠦ࠶࠻
ࡑ࠶ࠤࡦࠫ(Scott McKenzie, 1939-2012)߇ޔ⧷☨ߢᄢࡅ࠶࠻ᦛߣߥߞߚޟ⧎ߩࠨࡦࡈ
ࡦࠪࠬࠦޠ(“San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair)”, 1967)ߩലᨐ߽ᚻવߞߡޔࠨ ࡦࡈࡦࠪࠬࠦߩࡋࠗ࠻ࠕࠪࡘࡌߦߪޔ㜬ߦ⧎㘼ࠅࠍߒߚࡅ࠶ࡇޔੱޔ↹
ኅޔหᕈᗲ⠪ߥߤ߇⧷☨߆ࠄߒነߖޔޟࡈࡢ࠴࡞࠼ࡦޠ(flower children)ࠍ⥄⒓ߒߚ ᓐࠄߪޔ␠ળᄌ㕟ࠍߑߒߚޕ㤥ੱᏅߦኻߔࠆ᳃ᮭㆇേޔࡌ࠻࠽ࡓᚢߦኻߔࠆᚢ ㆇേޔ಄ᚢ⁁ᘒߦኻߔࠆᩭᐔㆇേޔᅚᕈᏅߦኻߔࠆᅚᕈ⸃ㆇേޔߐࠄߦߪ↢‛ቇ
⠪ߩࠗ࠴ࠚ࡞ࠞ࠰ࡦ(Rachel Carson, 1907-64)߇62ᐕߦⅣႺ㗴ࠍ๔⊒ߒߚޡᴉ㤩ߩᤐޢ
(Silent Spring, 1962)ߢవ㒯ࠍಾߞߚ⥄ὼⅣႺ⼔ㆇേߥߤߐ߹ߑ߹ߥᏒ᳃ㆇേ߇㓸⚿ߒޔߘ
ࠇߙࠇߩਥᒛߦ㡆ߒޔㅪᏪᗵࠍᒝൻߒߡߞߚޕ
ᓐࠄࡅ࠶ࡇߪ50ᐕઍ߆ࠄࠕࡔࠞᢥൻ⇇ࠍ‧ᒁߔࠆޟࡆ࠻ࠫࠚࡀ࡚ࠪࡦޠߩ
ࠫࡖ࠶ࠢࠤ࡞ࠕ࠶ࠢޔ࠙ࠖࠕࡓࡃࡠ࠙࠭ޔࠕࡦࠡࡦ࠭ࡃࠣࠄߩ⊛ࡏࡋ ࡒࠕࡦ♖ࠍᕁᗐ⊛ၮ⋚ߣߒޔ࠼࠶ࠣ߿᧲ᵗᕁᗐࠍ↪ߡ♖⊛⸃ࠍᏗ᳞ߒߚޕ㧟ߘࠇ ߪ㜬߿㜯ࠍિ߫ߒߚࡧࠖࠫࡘࠕ࡞ޔ㨀ࠪࡖ࠷߿ࠫࡦ࠭߿᳃ᣖⵝࠍขࠅࠇߚࡈࠔ࠶ࠪ
࡚ࡦޔ⥄ὼਥ⟵⊛ߥࠦࡒࡘࡦߢߩห↢ᵴߥߤߦߡขࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦޔㄭઍൻߐࠇߚㇺᏒ
↢ᵴߦኻߔࠆേߣߒߡߩࡊࡒ࠹ࠖࡉߥࠗࡈࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߩታ〣ߢߞߚޕޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ
࡞࠴ࡖޠߣ߁⒓ࠍೋߡߞߚᱧผቇ⠪ߩࠪࠝ࠼ࠕࡠࠩ࠶ࠢ(Theodore Roszak, 1933-2011)ߪޡࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖߩᒻᚑޢ(The Making of a Counter Culture, 1969)ߦ߅
ߡޔߘ߁ߒߚ⊛േะ߆ࠄޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߩᧄ⾰ࠍᴦ⊛ᗧ⼂ߩ༐ߣ⚿
⺰ߠߌߡࠆޕ
ߎߩ৻ㅪߩޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߪޔ69ᐕ8ߩޟ࠙࠶࠼ࠬ࠻࠶ࠢࡒࡘࠫ࠶ࠢ
89
ࠕࡦ࠼ࠕ࠻ࡈࠚࠬ࠹ࠖࡃ࡞ޠ(Woodstock Music and Art Festival)ߢ㗂ὐࠍㄫ߃ࠆޕ࠙࠶
࠼ࠬ࠻࠶ࠢࡈࠚࠬ࠹ࠖࡃ࡞ߪޔ࠾ࡘ࡛ࠢᎺࠨࡃࡦߴ࡞ߩㄘ႐ߦޔᒰᤨߩᦨᣂ ᛛⴚࠍᜬߜㄟࠎߢ㐿ߐࠇߚ㊁ᄖ㖸ᭉࠗࡌࡦ࠻ߢࠆޕ㧠ߘࠇߪޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠ ߩၮᧄℂᔨߢࠆ⥄ὼਥ⟵ߣ⑼ቇᛛⴚߩⲢวࠍ⽎ᓽߒߡ߅ࠅޔ50 ਁੱએߩⷰቴࠍേຬߒ ߚߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡࠆޕࡠ࠶ࠢࠦࡦࠨ࠻߇ਛᔃߦᝪ߃ࠄࠇߡߚ߇ޔ69ᐕ3ߣ6ߦⴕ ࠊࠇߚ࡚ࠫࡦࡁࡦߣࠝࡁ࡛ࠦߦࠃࠆᐔᵴേࡄࡈࠜࡑࡦࠬޟࡌ࠶࠼ࠗࡦޠ(Bed In)߿ࡆ࠻࡞࠭ߩࠕࡦࡓޟᗲߎߘߔߴߡޠߦ⊒ߐࠇߚෳട⠪߇ޟᗲߣᐔޠߣ߁ੱ
㘃ᗲࠍⷡ㉕ߒޔᐔߩዅߐࠍ⇇ߦ⸷߃ࠆߎߣߎߘ߇⌀ߩ⋡⊛ߢߞߚޕߔߥࠊߜޔޟࠞ࠙
ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߪޔߘߩ㕍⥇ߣ߽⸒߃ࠆ߶ߤߩ⚐⌀ή၁ߥℂᗐਥ⟵ࠍ⧷☨ߩ⧯⠪ߚ ߜߦᏒ᳃ᮭࠍᓧߚࡠ࠶ࠢߩജߣࡐࡇࡘ࠹ࠖߩജࠍ୫ࠅߡޔᣥઍߦ⓭߈ઃߌࠃ ߁ߣߒߚߩߢࠆޕߎ߁ߒߡޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠ߆ࠄޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠ
߳ߣᒛࠍߖߚޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࠪ࠶ࠢࠬ࠹ࠖ࠭ޠߪߎߎߦ⛘㗂ࠍᭂߚߩߢࠆޕ ߣߎࠈ߇ޔ⥋ߩᤨ㑆ߪߘ߁㐳ߊߪ⛯߆ߥ߆ߞߚޕ࠙࠶࠼ࠬ࠻࠶ࠢࡈࠚࠬ࠹ࠖࡃ࡞߆ ࠄ 1 ᐕ߽⚻ߚߥ߁ߜߦޔࠨࡦࡈࡦࠪࠬࠦ㇠ᄖࡧࠔࡕࠕߩࠝ࡞࠲ࡕࡦ࠻ࠬࡇ࠼࠙
ࠚࠗߢ㐿ߐࠇߚޟࠝ࡞࠲ࡕࡦ࠻ࠬࡇ࠼࠙ࠚࠗࡈࡈࠚࠬ࠹ࠖࡃ࡞ޠ(Altamont
Speedway Free Festival)߇ޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߦ⥌்ࠍਈ߃ߡߒ߹߁ޕࠝ࡞࠲ࡕࡦ࠻
ࠬࡇ࠼࠙ࠚࠗࡈࡈࠚࠬ࠹ࠖࡃ࡞ߪࡠࡦࠣࠬ࠻ࡦ࠭ࠍࡔࠗࡦߣߔࠆࡈ
ࠦࡦࠨ࠻ߢ20ਁੱએߩⷰቴࠍേຬߒߚ߇ޔળ႐ߢߪⷰቴห჻ߩੂ㑵߇⊒↢ߔࠆߥ ߤਇⓏߥⓨ᳇߇ṫߞߡߚޕߘࠎߥ৻⸅හ⊒ߩ✕ᒛᗵߩਛޔࡠࡦࠣࠬ࠻ࡦ࠭ߩṶ ᄼਛߦઙ߇ߎࠆޕળ႐ౝߩ⼊ຬߣߒߡ㓹↪ߐࠇߡߚะ߈ߪࠝ࠻ࡃࠗࠢࡉޔ ߘߩታᘒߪࠡࡖࡦࠣ㓸࿅ߢߞߚޟࡋ࡞࠭ࠛࡦࠫࠚ࡞ࠬޠ(Hells Angels)ߩࡔࡦࡃ߇ⷰቴ ࠍ㎾ߔࠆߚߦജⴕὑߦ߅ࠃ߮ޔ18ᱦߩ㤥ੱ㕍ᐕࠍᲕኂߒߡߒ߹ߞߚߩߢࠆޕ㧡ߎߩ ޟࠝ࡞࠲ࡕࡦ࠻ߩᖤޠ(Altamont tragedy)ߪࡠࡦࠣࠬ࠻ࡦ࠭ߩ࠳࠹ࠖߥࠗࡔ
ࠫࠍቯߠߌߚߛߌߢߥߊޔࡅ࠶ࡇࠦࡒࡘࡦߩ⥄ᴦ⢻ജߩ⣀ᒙᕈࠍ㔺๒ߒߡߒ߹ߞ ߚޕౝㇱ፣უߒߚޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߦኻߔࠆᄬᦸߪ৻᳇ߦᐢ߇ࠅޔߘߩ⥝ᅗߣᖱ ᾲߪᓢޘߦ಄ߡߞߚޕືቇ⠪ࠕࡦࡉ࡞ࡓ(Allan Bloom, 1930-92)߇ޡࠕࡔࠞࡦ
ࡑࠗࡦ࠼ߩ⚳Ὣޢ(The Closing of the American Mind, 1987)ߦ߅ߡޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠ ࠍࠕࡔࠞߩ∛ℂߣ㕖㔍ߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔ60 ᐕઍᓟඨߦᒝ⋑ޔജޔࠗࡊߥߤߩ‽⟋ⴕὑ߇ ᕆჇߒߚߎߣ߆ࠄ߽ޔߘߩ⽶ߩ㕙ߪ␠ળಽⵚߩෂᯏࠍሺࠎߢߚߩߢࠆޕ
ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔ࠙࠶࠼ࠬ࠻࠶ࠢߣࠝ࡞࠲ࡕࡦ࠻ߣ߁ࠕࡔࠞߩ᧲ߢ㐿ߐࠇߚ 2 ߟߩ ࡈࠚࠬ࠹ࠖࡃ࡞ߪޔ߹ߐߦޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߩᥧࠍ␜ߒߚߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁ޕࠝ࡞࠲
ࡕࡦ࠻ߪ࠙࠶࠼ࠬ࠻࠶ࠢ߇ឝߍߚℂᗐਥ⟵⊛ߥޟᗲߣᐔޠߩ♖ࠍቢ⤏ή߈߹ߢߦ☳⎈
ߒޔ⧯⠪ߚߜࠍታ⇇ߦᒁ߈ᚯߒߚޕ߹ߚޔ࠙࠶࠼ࠬ࠻࠶ࠢߩࠬ࠹ࠫߢノ߈ࠍߞߚ
ࠫࡒࡋࡦ࠼࠶ࠢࠬ(Jimi Hendrix, 1942-70)ޔࠫࡖ࠾࡚ࠬࠫࡊࡦ(Janis Joplin, 1943-70) ߣߞߚࡠ࠶ࠢࠬ࠲߇70ᐕߦ⋧ᰴߢ࠼࠶ࠣ㗴ߢᱫߒߚߎߣ߽ᥧᓇࠍ⪭ߣߒߚޕ ࡠ࠶ࠢߪ⧯⠪ߚߜ߇ᦼᓙࠍㄟߚ␠ળᄌ㕟ߩน⢻ᕈࠍឭ␜ߒߚ৻ᣇߢޔࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴
ࡖߩ᐀ᒁ߈ᓎࠍ࿑ࠄߕ߽⥄ࠄᨐߚߒߡߒ߹ߞߚޕߘࠇߪ⧯⠪ߚߜ߇ߒߚᓐࠄߥࠅߩ ࠕࡔࠞࡦ࠼ࡓ߇ታㅏㆱߩᐛᗐߢߒ߆ߥ߆ߞߚߣ߁ᱷ㉃ߥታࠍ⊕ᣣߩਅߦᤴ
ߔ⚿ᨐߣߥߞߚޕޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠࠍౝ൮ߔࠆޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߪߘߩ 㒢⇇ߣᢌർᗵࠍᒁ߈ߕࠅߥ߇ࠄ㎾㕒ൻߒޔᤨઍߪ70ᐕઍߦ㔐፣ࠇㄟࠎߢⴕߊߎߣߦߥࠆޕ
90
㧔㧟㧕ޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠ߳ߩࠢࠗࠛࡓ
70ᐕઍߦ߅ߌࠆ60ᐕઍߩޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߦኻߔࠆౝ⋭ᬺߪޔࠕࡔࠞ⁛┙
ት⸒߆ࠄ200ᐕ⋡ߦߚࠆ1976ᐕߦࠕࡔࠞߩࡠ࠶ࠢࡃࡦ࠼ޔࠩࠗࠣ࡞ࠬ(The Eagles, 1971-80)߇⊒ߒߚ5ᨎ⋡ߩࠕ࡞ࡃࡓޡࡎ࠹࡞ࠞࡈࠜ࡞࠾ࠕޢ(Hotel California, 1976)ᚲ
ߩ㗴ᦛߢޔ⠉ᐕࠪࡦࠣ࡞ࠞ࠶࠻߽ߐࠇߚޟࡎ࠹࡞ࠞࡈࠜ࡞࠾ࠕޠ(“Hotel California”,
1977)߇ᭂߡ␜ໂ⊛ߢࠆޕ⧷☨ߩࡅ࠶࠻࠴ࡖ࠻ߢ1ࠍ⸥㍳ߒߚޟࡎ࠹࡞ࠞࡈࠜ
࡞࠾ࠕޠߪޔޟࡐࠬ࠻ࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠ(post-counterculture)ߩⶄ㔀ߥᔃᖱࠍฯ㔺ߒߡ
ࠆߣ⸃㉼ߢ߈ࠆޕߘߩ⹖ࠍಽᨆߒߡߺࠆߣޔ‛⺆ߩ⥰บߢࠆࡎ࠹࡞ࠞࡈࠜ࡞࠾
ࠕߪޔ60 ᐕઍߩޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߩ⚳Ὣߩࡔ࠲ࡈࠔߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߒߡࠆߣ⸒߃ ࠆޕᰴߦᒁ↪ߔࠆኋᴱቴߢࠆਥੱߣࡎ࠹࡞ߩ⛎㐳ߩ߿ࠅߣࠅߪ㕖Ᏹߦᗧᷓ㐳ߢ
ࠆޕ
So I called up the Captain:
“Please bring me my wine.”
He said, “We haven’t had that spirit here since 1969.”
(Felder, Henley and Frey 1)
ߎߩ৻▵ߩ“sprit”ߪޔޟ߅㈬ޠߣޟ60ᐕઍߩᤨઍ♖ޠߣ߁࠳ࡉ࡞ࡒ࠾ࡦࠣߦߥߞߡ
ࠆޕ೨ㅀߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔ1969 ᐕߣߪޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠ߇⚳Ὣࠍㄫ߃ߚᐕߢࠅޔ60 ᐕઍߩࡔ࠲ࡈࠔߢࠆࡎ࠹࡞ࠞࡈࠜ࡞࠾ࠕߦߐ߃߽ޔ60 ᐕઍߩᤨઍ♖ߪ߽ߪ߿ሽ
ߒߡߥߣ߁ᗧߢࠈ߁ޕ
ߐࠄߦޔᦛߩ⚳⋚ߢޔਥੱ߆ࠄ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࠕ࠙࠻ߩଐ㗬ࠍฃߌߚᄛ⼊ຬߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ
╵ߔࠆޕ
“We are programmed to receive, You can check out anytime you like, but you can never leave.”
(Felder, Henley and Frey 1)
ߎߩ৻▵ߪޔ60 ᐕઍߩ⽎ᓽߢࠆࡎ࠹࡞ࠞࡈࠜ࡞࠾ࠕࠍ‛ℂ⊛ߦ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࠕ࠙࠻ߔ ࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߡ߽ޔ♖⊛ߦ 60 ᐕઍ߆ࠄ㔌ࠇࠆߎߣߪਇน⢻ߢࠆߣ߁ᗧߢࠈ߁ޕ ߟ߹ࠅޔޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߩᱷࠅ㚅߇߹ߛᓸ߆ߦṫߞߡߚ 70 ᐕઍਛᦼޔᝂ᛬ࠍ
ࠊߞߚߪߕߩ⧯⠪ߚߜ߇߹ߛߘߩน⢻ᕈࠍቢోߦߪᝥߡಾࠇߕߦߚߎߣ߇ᥧ␜ߐࠇߡ
ࠆߩߢࠆޕ
ߎࠇࠄߩᒁ↪▎ᚲߦฃߌࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ⹖ᦛࠍߒߚࠗࠣ࡞ࠬߩࡔࡦࡃ
ߩ࠼ࡦࡈࠚ࡞࠳(Don Felder, 1947-)ޔ࠼ࡦࡋࡦ(Don Henley, 1947-)ޔࠣࡦࡈ
ࠗ(Glenn Frey, 1948-)ߪ60ᐕઍߦ㕍ᤐࠍㆊߏߒߡߪࠆ߇ޔᓐࠄ߇ޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠ ߦ⋥ធ⊛ߦෳ↹ߔࠆߦߪ⧯ߔ߉ߚߒޔర߆ࠄߪℂ⊛ߦ㆙ߔ߉ߚޕᓐࠄ߇ో☨ฦ߆ࠄ
91
ᶏጯߦ⒖ߒߡ߈ߚᤨߦߪޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߪߔߢߦ⥰บ߆ࠄߪᆫࠍᶖߒޔ
ੱߩᔃߩਛߦ㐽ߓㄟࠄࠇߡࠆ⁁ᘒߢߞߚޕߘߩᗧߢޔࠗࠣ࡞ࠬ߇ޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲
ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߩ⡛ߢߞߚࠨࡦࡈࡦࠪࠬࠦߢߪߥߊޔࡂ࠙࠶࠼⊛ᬺਥ⟵ࠍฃߌ
ࠇࠆࡠࠨࡦ࡞ࠬࠍᵴേὐߦㆬᛯߒߚߎߣߪ⽎ᓽ⊛ߢࠆޕታޔࠗࠣ࡞ࠬߪߘߩ ᓟࠕࡔࠞࠍઍߔࠆࡠ࠶ࠢࡃࡦ࠼ߦᚑ㐳ߒޔ⇇⊛ߥᬺ⊛ᚑഞࠍߡࠆޕ
ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޟࡐࠬ࠻ࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠઍߩ⧯⠪ߪޔޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠ ߩ⚳Ὣߣ߁ታߦኻߒߡᄬᦸߣ⟴ᦸ߇ᷙߒߚࠕࡦࡆࡃࡦ࠻ߥᗵᖱࠍᛴߡߚߩߢ
ࠆޕᓐࠄߪ60ᐕઍߩ㛍ੂ߆ࠄߪኻᭂ⊛ߥ70ᐕઍߩ㕒ߩਛߢ㕍ᤐࠍㆊߏߒߚߛߌߦޔޟࠞ
࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߦኻߒߡ಄㕒߆ߟታ⊛ߢߞߚ߇ޔหᤨߦᙏᙔࠍ៤߃ߡ߽ߚޕ ߘࠇࠁ߃ߦޔޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߪᤨߣߒߡޔࡠࡑࡦ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥࡁࠬ࠲࡞ࠫߩਛߢ
ᝒ߃ࠄࠇࠆะߦࠆߩߛࠈ߁ޕߎ߁ߒߚ♖ผ⊛ᢥ⣂߆ࠄޔޟࡎ࠹࡞ࠞࡈࠜ࡞࠾ࠕޠ ߪ60ᐕઍ⊛ⴕേߩ⚳Ὣߣ60ᐕઍ⊛♖ߩ⛮⛯ࠍหᤨߦឭ␜ߒߡ߅ࠅޔޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴
ࡖޠߩᱷ㗀ࠍߒߚࠢࠗࠛࡓߣ⸒߃ࠆߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆ޕ৻ᣇߢޔޟࡎ࠹࡞ࠞ
ࡈࠜ࡞࠾ࠕޠߩ⇇⊛ࡅ࠶࠻ߪޔᬺਥ⟵⊛㘑ầߩਛߢᶖ⾌␠ળߦᩮߑߒߚࡐࠬ࠻ࡕ࠳࠾
࠭ࡓᢥൻ߇ߒߚߚ߆ߦ↢߈ᑧ߮ߡߊน⢻ᕈࠍ߽␜ߒߚߩߢࠆޕ
㧞㧚70ᐕઍ
㧔㧝㧕ޟࠗࠡࠬ∛ޠߩ⊒∝
70ᐕઍߩࠗࠡࠬߢߪޔ60ᐕઍ߆ࠄ⛯ߊ⚻ᷣ⊛ṛ߇࿖᳃↢ᵴߦᄢ߈ߥᛂ᠄ࠍਈ߃ߡ
ߚޕ╙ੑᰴ⇇ᄢᚢᓟޔഭ⠪ᮭߩਥዉߢޟࠁࠅ߆ߏ߆ࠄჄ႐߹ߢޠߩ࿖ኅ╷߿
ၮᐙ↥ᬺߩ࿖ൻ߇ㅴࠄࠇߚޕᒰೋߪᚢᓟߩᓳ⥝ᦼߦߞߡ࿖᳃↢ᵴࠍቯൻߐߖࠆߎ ߣ߇ᦨఝవ⺖㗴ߢߞߚߩߛ߇ޔߘߩ⚿ᨐߪᐭߩᗧ࿑ߣߪⵣ⣻ߦޔ␠ળ㓚⾌ߩჇᄢ߿
࿖༡ડᬺߩ⸳ᛩ⾗ᷫߦ߁⾗ᧄᛛⴚߩᶏᄖᵹࠍ߈ޔࠗࠡࠬߪ࿖㓙┹ജࠍᄬߞ ߡ࿖㓙ᡰߪᖡൻߩ৻ㅜࠍㄡߞߡߞߚޕᘟᕈ⊛ߥࠗࡦࡈ࡚ࠪࡦߦട߃ߡޔᭂ┵ߥᚲ ᓧ⒢⚥ㅴ⺖⒢߿ᚻෘࠨࡆࠬߦࠃࠆൕഭᗧ᰼ߩૐਅޔ⧯ᐕጀߩᄬᬺ₸ߩޔ73 ᐕ ߩ╙྾ᰴਛ᧲ᚢࠍ⊒┵ߣߔࠆ╙৻ᰴࠝࠗ࡞࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢߦࠃࠆ‛ଔ߽߹ߞߡ࿖ኅ⚻
ᷣߪ∋ᑷߒޔޟࠗࠡࠬ∛ޠ(British disease)߿ޟ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߩ∛ੱޠ(Sick man of Europe)ߣៃ
ឦߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡߚޕ
ޟࠗࠡࠬ∛ޠߩᄢ߈ߥⷐ࿃ߩ 1 ߟߣߥߞߡߚߩ߇ޔഭ⚵วߦࠃࠆࠬ࠻ࠗࠠߢ
ߞߚޕഭౄᮭߩᡰᜬᲣߢߞߚഭ⚵วߪቢో㓹↪ࠍൎߜขߞߡߚߎߣ߽ࠅޔ ഭ⼏ߢᒝജߥ⊒⸒ജࠍᜬߞߡߚޕഭ⚵วߪᚢ㑵⊛ߢޔડᬺ⚻༡߿࿖᳃ߩ⋉ࠍή ⷞߒߡޔⷐ᳞ࠍൎߜขࠆ߹ߢ㐳ᦼࠬ࠻ࠗࠠࠍㄉߐߥߣ߁ኻᆫࠍขࠅ⛯ߌߚߚ
ߦޔ⾓㊄߇↢↥ᕈࠍ࿁ߞߡߒޔ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ࠍᅹߍߡߚޕߘߩߚޔࠗࠡࠬߩ⾗ᧄ ߪ࿖ౝᛩ⾗߆ࠄᶏᄖᛩ⾗߳ߣಾࠅᦧ߃ޔ࿖ౝߢߪㅧᬺߩ⸳ᛩ⾗߇ਇ⿷ߒߡャ߇ᷫዋ ߒޔャ߇Ⴧടߒߡޔ⾏ᤃᡰߪᄢߥ⿒ሼߦߥߞߡߚߩߢࠆޕ
75 ᐕޔࡂࡠ࡞࠼࠙ࠖ࡞࠰ࡦ₸ࠆഭౄᮭߪޔᏅߒㄼߞߚࡐࡦ࠼ෂᯏࠍ࿁ㆱߒࠃ߁ ߣ࿖㓙ㅢ⽻ၮ㊄(IMF)ߦ✕ᕆⲢ⾗ࠍઔ߉ޔ᧦ઙࠍḩߚߔߚߦᡰᷫࠍ✕❗╷ࠍታ ⴕߦ⒖ߒߚޕ76ᐕ4ߦߘߩᓟࠍฃߌߡ⊒⿷ߒߚࠫࠚࡓ࠭ࠠࡖࡂࡦ(James Callaghan, 1912-2005)₸ࠆഭౄᮭߪߎߩ⽷ኻ╷ࠍᒁ߈⛮߉ޔవㅴ࿖ߦߣߞߡዮㄗ⊛ߥⲢ⾗ࠍฃ
92
ߌࠇߑࠆࠍᓧߥ߆ߞߚޕߎ߁ߒߚෂᯏ⊛⁁ᴫߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔഭ⚵วߪ⾓ߍࠍⷐ᳞
ߒޔ78ᐕᧃ߆ࠄ79ᐕೋߩ౻ߦ߆ߌߡࠗࠡࠬోߢᄢⷙᮨߥࠬ࠻ࠗࠠ߇ⴕߐࠇߚޕ
ࠄࠁࠆ␠ળᯏ⢻ߪ㤗∽ߒޔᣣᏱ↢ᵴߦᡰ㓚߇ߚޔ㕖Ᏹߦኙߐߩ෩ߒ౻ߛߞߚߎߣ
߽ࠅޔߘߩ⁁ᴫߪ࠙ࠖࠕࡓࠪࠚࠗࠢࠬࡇࠕߩᚨᦛޡ࠴ࡖ࠼3ޢ(Richard III, 1597) ߩบ⹖ࠍᒁ↪ߒߡޔޟਇḩߩ౻ޠ(Winter of discontent)ߣ߫ࠇߚޕ
߹ߚޔ70ᐕઍߩࠗࠡࠬߪ60ᐕઍߦᒁ߈⛯߈ޔᬀ᳃ߩ⁛┙ߦࠃߞߡᏢ࿖ߩ⸃❗ዊ ߇ㅴࠎߢߞߚߛߌߢߪߥߊޔ⋥㕙ߔࠆ⚻ᷣෂᯏ߆ࠄ⣕ߒߡ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߩ৻ຬߣߒߡ↢
߈ᱷࠆࠍㆬᛯߒޔ73 ᐕߦ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄห(EC)ട⋖߇ታߒߚޕ߆ߟߡߩᏢ࿖ߩᆭାߦ
࿕ၫߒߡቅ┙⊛ᆫࠍขࠆߩߪޔ߽ߪ߿ᤨઍㆃࠇߢࠆߣ߁⼂߇࿖᳃ߩ㑆ߦ߽ቯ⌕ߒ ߟߟߞߚޕหᤨߦޔㅪว₺࿖ࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆ࠙ࠚ࡞࠭ߣࠬࠦ࠶࠻ࡦ࠼ߩฦ࿖᳃ౄ߇べㅴ ߒޔ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࠭ࡓ߇㜞឴ߒޔᮭ㒢ᆔ⼑ߩ⼏⺰߇ᧄᩰൻߒߡߞߚᤨᦼߢ߽ࠆޕ৻ᣇߢޔ ർࠕࠗ࡞ࡦ࠼ߢߪࠞ࠻࠶ࠢ♽᳃ߣࡊࡠ࠹ࠬ࠲ࡦ࠻♽᳃ߩኻ┙߇ߒ߫ߒ߫ᵹⴊߩᗌ
ࠍᒁ߈ߎߒޔᘒߪㆊỗᵷ⚵❱ࠕࠗ࡞ࡦ࠼ァ(IRA)ߦࠃࠆᱞജ㑵߳ߣ⊒ዷߒޔ
ࠗࠡࠬᐭߪ72ᐕߩޟⴊߩᣣᦐᣣޠ(Bloody Sunday)ઙߦࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥᒝ⎬ᆫࠍข ࠅ⛯ߌߚߚޔᵆᴧൻߒߡߞߚޕ߹ߚޔ76 ᐕߦߪޔ⒖᳃ߣ⼊ቭ㓌߇ⴣ⓭ߒߚࡁ࠶࠹ࠖࡦ
ࠣࡅ࡞ࠞ࠾ࡃ࡞േ߇⊒↢ߒޔᩮᒝߊᱷࠆੱ⒳㗴߇ᶋ߈ᓂࠅߣߥߞߚޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦ
ࠗࠡࠬߪౝㇱಽⵚߒޔ⛔ᴦਇน⢻ߥᷙᴋߣߒߚ⁁ᘒߦߥࠅߟߟࠅޔ࿖ኅ⊛ෂᯏߩዪ㕙 ࠍㄫ߃ߡߚߩߢࠆޕ
㧔㧞㧕ޟࡄࡦࠢޠߩ⊓႐
70ᐕઍඨ߫ߩࠗࠡࠬߪޔ60ᐕઍߩޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩ❥ᩕ߇߹ࠆߢཐߩࠃ ߁ߦノ߈ࠍᄬߞߡߚޕ㊀⧰ߒ⚻ᷣਇᴫਅߢࠗࡦࡈߣᄬᬺ₸ߪߒޔㇺᏒߪ⨹ᑄߒ ߡ↢ᵴ᳓Ḱ߽ૐਅߒߡߞߚޕ߹ߚޔ60 ᐕઍߦᬺ⊛ᚑഞࠍߚࡠ࠶ࠢߪᴦ⊛ߥ✕ᒛ ᗵࠍᰳ߈ޔ㖸ᭉࠪࡦߪㅌዮߥ߽ߩߦߥߞߡߚޕߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⚻ᷣ⊛ṛߣᢥൻ⊛ⓨᵢߦ ࠃߞߡ↢ߓߚ␠ળ⊛㐽Ⴇ⁁ᴫߦ߅ߡޔ⓭ᅤߣߒߡ㖸ᭉࠪࡦߦࠇߚߩ߇ޟࡄࡦࠢࡠ
࠶ࠢޠ(Punk Rock)ޔ⇛ߒߡޟࡄࡦࠢޠ(punk)ߢࠆޕࡄࡦࠢߪ70ᐕઍᓟඨߦ࠾ࡘ࡛ࠢ
ߣࡠࡦ࠼ࡦࠍਛᔃߦߒߡ⧷☨ࠍ߹ߚߋᒻߢ↢ᚑߒ⊒ዷߒߚㇺᏒ⊛ߥࠨࡉࠞ࡞࠴ࡖߩ 1 ߟ ߢࠅޔࡠ࠶ࠢߦ1ߟߩᢿ⛘ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚߣߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ㧢
ࠗࠡࠬߦߣߞߡࡄࡦࠢߩ⊓႐ߪޔ1 ߟߩ␠ળᢥൻ⊛ઙߢߞߚޕ1976 ᐕޔࡄࡦࠢߩ ઍฬ⹖ߣߥࠆ࠶ࠢࠬࡇࠬ࠻࡞࠭(Sex Pistols, 1976-78)ߪޔㅒ┙ߡߚ㜬ဳߦಾࠅⵚߚࠪࡖ
࠷߿ోࡇࡦߩࠕࠢࠨߥߤᄸᛮߥࡈࠔ࠶࡚ࠪࡦࠍりߦ߹ߣޔ⊒⊛ߥࠪࡦࠣ࡞ޟࠕ
࠽ࠠࠗࡦࠩU.K.ޠ(“Anarchy in the U.K.”, 1976)ߢ࠺ࡆࡘࠍᨐߚߒߚޕ⋥ᓟߦ
Ṷߒߚ࠹ࡆ⇟⚵ߢߪㅍᱛ↪⺆ࠍㅪ⊒ߒޔ⧰ᖱ߇Ვߒߡ᛫⼏ㆇേߦ߹ߢ⊒ዷߒߚޕ
⛯ߊ77 ᐕߦߪޔ࿖ኅ⊛ⴕߢࠆࠛࠩࡌࠬᅚ₺25 ᐕ⸥ᔨᑼౖޟࠪ࡞ࡃࠫࡘ
ࡆޠ(Silver Jubilee)ߦวࠊߖߡࠗࠡࠬ࿖ኅߣหฬߩࠪࡦࠣ࡞ޟࠧ࠶࠼ࠗࡧࠩ
ࠢࠗࡦޠ(“God Save the Queen”, 1977)ࠍ⊒ᄁߔࠆޕ God save the Queen
The fascist regime
93 They made you a moron
Potential H-bomb
God save the Queen She ain’t no human being There is no future In England’s dreaming
(Savage 353-55)
࠺ࠗࡧࠖ࠶࠼ࠠࡖ࠽࠳ࠗࡦ(David Cannadine, 1950-)߇ⷰኤߒߡࠆࠃ߁ߦޔࠗࠡࠬߪ ᚢᓟ߽₺ቶࠍ㗂ὐߣߔࠆ㓏ጀ㓏⚖ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍή்ߢ⛽ᜬߒߡߚ(22)ޕߘߩࠃ߁ߥ␠ળ❗
࿑߆ࠄޔ࠶ࠢࠬࡇࠬ࠻࡞࠭߇ᛂߜߒߚࠗࠡࠬߩ࿖ኅ⊛⽎ᓽߢࠆࠛࠩࡌࠬᅚ₺
ࠍᔀᐩ⊛ߦ⟒ୟߔࠆ߹ࠅߦ߽ㆊỗߥ⹖ޔᅚ₺ߩᑼ⡿౮⌀ߦᣂ⡞ߩಾࠅᛮ߈ࠍࠦ
ࠫࡘߒߚ೨ⴡ⊛ߥࠫࡖࠤ࠶࠻߇ߔߋߐ߹ᄢ㗴ߣߥࠅޔ࠹ࡆ߿ࠫࠝߢㅍᱛಣಽ ߣߥߞߚߎߣߪᗐߦ㔍ߊߥޕߘࠇߛߌߦߣߤ߹ࠄߕޔᓐࠄߪޟࠪ࡞ࡃࠫࡘࡆޠ ߩᒰᣣߦ࠹ࡓ࠭Ꮉߩ⦁ߢࠥࠗࡉࠍᢓⴕߒޔ㑐ଥ⠪ߪోຬㅱߐࠇߚޕߎ߁ߒߚ
৻ㅪߩઙߦࠃߞߡޔ࠶ࠢࠬࡇࠬ࠻࡞࠭ߪ㗴ᕈߣߣ߽ߦ⧯⠪߆ࠄᾲ⁅⊛ߥੱ᳇ࠍ㓸
ޔ⚿ᨐ⊛ߦࠢࠫ࠶࠻߆ࠄߪᦛฬ߇㒰ߐࠇߡߚ߽ߩߩޔޟࠧ࠶࠼ࠗࡧࠩࠢࠗ
ࡦޠߪో⧷࠴ࡖ࠻ 1 ࠍ₪ᓧߒߚޕᓐࠄߪ⡛ߦߒߡਇนଚߥሽߢࠆᅚ₺ࠍଗㄗ ߒߚߎߣ߆ࠄޔᒰዪ߆ࠄߪෂ㒾ಽሶߣߺߥߐࠇޔ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽ࠬ࠻߆ࠄⷅ᠄ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣ߽
ᐲޘߞߚޕหᐕߦߪޔ໑৻ߩࠝࠫ࠽࡞ࠕ࡞ࡃࡓޡൎᚻߦߒ߿߇ࠇޢ(Never Mind the Bollocks: Here’s the Sex Pistols, 1978)ࠍ⊒ᄁߒޔో⧷࠴ࡖ࠻1ࠍ₪ᓧߔࠆ߽ߩߩޔ78ᐕߩ ࠕࡔࠞ࠷ࠕਛߦ⓭ὼ⸃ᢔߒޔ79ᐕߦߪࠪ࠼߇࠼࠶ࠣߩㆊ៨ขߢᱫߒߚޕ
ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔ࠶ࠢࠬࡇࠬ࠻࡞࠭ߩ․ᓽߪ᠄ᕈߣജᕈߦዧ߈ࠆޕࡏࠞ࡞ߩ࡚ࠫ
࠾ࡠ࠶࠻ࡦ(Johnny Rotten, 1956-)߇㊄ಾࠅჿߢต߱ㆊỗߢࠬ࠻࠻ߥࡔ࠶ࠫᕈߩ ᒝ⹖ޔࡋࡠࠗࡦਛᲥ⠪ߢṶᄼ⢻ജ߽⊝ήߛߞߚࡌࠪࠬ࠻ߩࠪ࠼ࡧࠖࠪࡖࠬ(Sid Vicious, 1957-79)ߩ⎕ᄤ⨹ߥⴕേߪޔ₺ቶ߿ᐭ߿ᄢᚻડᬺࠍฬᜰߒߢᛕ್ߒߡ⊛ᆫ
ࠍో㕙⊛ߦᛂߜߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆޕߘߩࠃ߁ߥࠛࠬ࠲ࡉ࠶ࠪࡘࡔࡦ࠻ߦኻߔࠆᢜᗧࠍ
߈ߒߦߒߚࡄࡦࠢߩ᛫ߪޔഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩᔃᖱࠍઍᑯߒߚ߽ߩߛߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ ߘߩ⍦వߪᓥ᧪⊛ߥߢߞߚߪߕߩࡠ࠶ࠢߦ߽ะߌࠄࠇޔ⨹ޘߒߊ∔ߔࠆࠪ
ࡦࡊ࡞ߥࡠ࠶ࠢࡦࡠ࡞߳ߩ࿁ᏫߣDIY ⊛ߥᵴേᣇ㊎ߪޔᬺਥ⟵ߦⲁ߹ࠇߡ㛽ᛮ߈ߦߥ ߞߚࡠ࠶ࠢ߇ำ⥃ߔࠆ㖸ᭉࠪࡦߩ⁁ߦኻߔࠆᒝὓߥࠕࡦ࠴࠹ߢߞߚޕࠨࠗࡕ ࡦࡈࠬ߇⚿⺰ߠߌߡࠆࠃ߁ߦޔࡄࡦࠢߪ⚗ࠇ߽ߥߊࠄࠁࠆᡰ㈩⊛ߥࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍุ
ቯߔࠆ᛫ߢߞߚߩߢࠆ(Frith 192)ޕ 㧔㧟㧕ޟࡄࡦࠢࡓࡧࡔࡦ࠻ޠߣ߁⁁ᴫ
ߢߪޔߥߗ␠ળ⊛ߥ࠶ࠢࠬࡇࠬ࠻࡞࠭߇ߎࠇ߶ߤ߹ߢߦᚑഞࠍߚߩߛࠈ߁߆ޕ
⏕߆ߦޔ߽ߥߊ᧪߳ߩㅢߒ߽ߥഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩ⧯⠪߇ᔶࠅߣ᰼᳞ਇḩߩߌญࠍ
᳞ߡߚߎߣߪኈᤃߦℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆޕߘߩ࠾࠭ࠍߥ߹ߢߦߒߚࡄࡦࠢ߇ߘߩฃ
94
ߌ⋁ߣߥߞߚߎߣ߽ᔅὼ⊛ߢࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔߎ߁ߒߚ㔛ⷐߣଏ⛎߇߯ߚࠅߣ৻⥌ߒߚޟ⁁
ᴫޠߪ߹ࠅߦ߽ਇ⥄ὼߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆ޕ࠶ࠢࠬࡇࠬ࠻࡞࠭ߪᮭᆭߦໜࠍฯ߈߆ߌޔ ᄢੱࠍシ⬦ߒޔ⧯⠪ࠍᚸേߔࠆߎߣߢ㑆߆ࠄߩᵈ⋡ࠍ㓸ߚ߇ޔߘࠇߪ␠ળߦᒝᒁߦ
ߒޔ1 ߟߩޟ⁁ᴫޠࠍࠅߘ߁ߣߒߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕߘߩ⢛ᓟߦߪޔޟࡄࡦࠢࡓࡧࡔࡦ
࠻ޠߩ㚂⻎⠪߇ሽߒߡߚߩߢࠆޕ
75 ᐕޔ࠾ࡘ࡛ࠢߢߪࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߦవⴕߒߡߔߢߦࡄࡦࠢࡠ࠶ࠢ߇⊓႐ߒߡߚޕೝ
ỗࠍ᳞ߡ┆ዮߥࠗࠡࠬࠍ⣕ߒߡߚࡑ࡞࠴ࠢࠛࠗ࠲ߩࡑ࡞ࠦࡓࡑࠢࡦ (Malcolm McLaren, 1946-2010)ߪޔ࠾ࡘ࡛ࠢߩࠗࡉࡂ࠙ࠬߢࡄࡦࠢࠪࡦߦㆣㆄߔ ࠆޕߘࠇ߇࠾ࡘ࡛ࠢࡄࡦࠢߩઍ⊛ࡃࡦ࠼ߢߞߚ࠾ࡘ࡛ࠢ࠼࡞࠭(New York Dolls, 1971-76)ߢߞߚޕࡄࡦࠢߩ㖸ᭉᕈߣࡈࠔ࠶࡚ࠪࡦᕈߦᗵ㌏ࠍฃߌߚࡑࠢࡦߪޔ ࡆࠫࡀࠬ࠴ࡖࡦࠬߣᝒ߃ޔᓐࠄߩᓟᦼࡑࡀࠫࡖߦዞછߔࠆޕߘߩᓟޔࡃࡦ࠼⸃ᢔߦ
ޔࠗࠡࠬ߳Ꮻ࿖ߒߚࡑࠢࡦߪࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߩฬߥਇ⦟ዋᐕߚߜࠍ൘⺃ߒޔᣂߚߥ ࡃࡦ࠼ࠍ⚿ᚑߒߚޕߘࠇ߇࠶ࠢࠬࡇࠬ࠻࡞࠭ߢࠆޕࠪࡦࡊ࡞ߥࡠ࠶ࠢޔ㗭ᑄ⊛ߥࡈ ࠔ࠶࡚ࠪࡦߣ߁ᣇะᕈߪ࠾ࡘ࡛ࠢࡄࡦࠢߩᮨ୮ߢࠅޔࠗࠡࠬߩ␠ળ⁁ᴫࠍ〯
߹߃ߡࠃࠅ⊒⊛ߥߦࠕࡦࠫߒߚ⧯⠪ࡑࠤ࠶࠻ะ߈ߩࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߢߞߚޕߟ߹ࠅޔ ࡑࠢࡦߪࡄࡦࠢߣ߁ຠࠍࠗࠡࠬߦャߒߚᒛᧄੱߥߩߢࠆޕ
ࡑࠢࡦߪࡈࠔ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ࠺ࠩࠗ࠽ߢࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߩห⚻༡⠪ߢߞߚࡧࠖࡧࠖ
ࠕࡦ࠙ࠛࠬ࠻࠙࠶࠼(Vivienne Westwood, 1941-)ޔࠕ࠹ࠖࠬ࠻ߩࠫࠚࠗࡒ࠼(Jamie
Reid, 1947-)ߣߣ߽ߦޔࠕ࠻ࠬࠢ࡞߿ࠕࡦ࠳ࠣ࠙ࡦ࠼⚻↱ߢޟࠪ࠴ࡘࠕࠪࠝ࠾ࠬ࠻
ࠗࡦ࠲࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ޠ(Situationist International)ߦᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡߚޕࠪ࠴ࡘࠕࠪࠝ࠾ࠬ࠻
ࠗࡦ࠲࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ߪޔࡑ࡞ࠢࠬਥ⟵ߦᕁᗐ⊛ၮ⋚ࠍᜬߟᕁᗐኅ߿⧓ⴚኅߥߤࠍਛᔃߦ 57 ᐕߦࡈࡦࠬߢ⚿ᚑߐࠇߚ㓸࿅ߢޔ60 ᐕઍߩ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄฦ࿖ߢ⧓ⴚ⊛ᴦ⊛೨ⴡࠍ⋡⊛
ߣߒߚᵴേࠍⴕߞߚޕߘߩਥዉ⊛┙႐ߦߞߚࡈࡦࠬߩᕁᗐኅߢᤋ↹⋙〈ߢ߽ߞߚࠡ
࠼࠘ࡏ࡞(Guy Debord, 1931-94)ߪޔߘߩਥ⪺ޡࠬࡍࠢ࠲ࠢ࡞ߩ␠ળޢ(The Society of the Spectacle, 1967)ߦ߅ߡޔઍߩ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߦၮߠߊᶖ⾌␠ળߣߘࠇࠍขࠅᏎߊࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ߇ᣣ Ᏹ↢ᵴࠍᡰ㈩ߒߡ߅ࠅޔੱ㑆ࠍࡕࡁࠍᚲߔࠆߛߌߩฃേ⊛ߥሽߦ⾇ߡߒ߹ߞߡࠆ ߎߣޔㇺᏒⓨ㑆߇ࠬࡍࠢ࠲ࠢ࡞ߣߒߡᶖ⾌ߐࠇߡࠆ⁁ࠍᛕ್ߒߡࠆޕߘߩਥᒛߦ
㡆ߒߚࠪ࠴ࡘࠕࠪࠝ࠾ࠬ࠻ߚߜߪޔߘߩᛥ⁁ᴫࠍᄌ㕟ߔࠆߚߦޔᴦ⊛ᵴേࠍታ〣ߒ ߚޕߘߩઍ⊛ߪޔቇ↢߿ഭ⠪߇ਛᔃߣߥࠅޔᢎ⢒ᐲߩ᳃ਥൻࠍൎߜขߞߚ68ᐕ ߩࡄ5㕟ߢࠆޕ
ࡑࠢࡦߚߜߪ⁛⥄ߩ⸃㉼ߢࠪ࠴ࡘࠕࠪࠝ࠾ࠬ࠻⊛ᚻᴺࠍォߐߖޔᢥൻ㗔ၞߦ߅
ߡᔕ↪ߒߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕᓐࠄߪDIY♖߿ࠕࡑ࠴ࡘࠕ࠭ࡓߦࠃࠆ㖸ᭉߩォⷒޔᄸᛮߥࡈ ࠔ࠶࡚ࠪࡦޔࠬࠠࡖࡦ࠳ࠬߥ⸒⺑ޔᵷᚻߥࡔ࠺ࠖࠕࡄࡈࠜࡑࡦࠬߣߞߚᏁߺߥᚢ
⇛ߦࠃߞߡ࠶ࠢࠬࡇࠬ࠻࡞࠭ࠍᤨઍߩઍᑯ⠪ߣߒߡࠬࡍࠢ࠲ࠢ࡞ߦṶߒߚߩߢࠆޕ ߟ߹ࠅޔ࠶ࠢࠬࡇࠬ࠻࡞࠭ߣߪޔᓐࠄ߇ដߌߚ 1 ߟߩޟ⁁ᴫޠߦઁߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚߩ ߢࠆޕࠨࠗࡕࡦࡈࠬߣࡂࡢ࠼ࡎࡦ߇ࡑ࡞ࠦࡓࡑࠢࡦ߿ᒰᤨߩࡄࡦࠢ
ࡓࡧࡔࡦ࠻ࠍޟࡐ࠶ࡊࠪ࠴ࡘࠕࠪࠝ࠾࠭ࡓޠ(Pop Situationism)ߣ⹏ߒߡࠆߩߪ⊛⏕ߢ
ࠈ߁(133)ޕ߹ߚޔ࠺ࠖ࠶ࠢࡋࡉ࠺ࠖࠫߪᚢᓟࠗࠡࠬߩ⧯⠪ᢥൻࠍಽᨆߒޔࠨࡉࠞ࡞
࠴ࡖࠍࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߦࠃࠆᣢᚑଔ୯߳ߩᛶ᛫ߣᝒ߃ࠆޟ⸥ภ⺰⊛ࠥᚢޠ(semiotic guerrilla
warfare)ߣ⸃⺒ߒߡࠆ߇ޔߘࠇ߇ᦨ߽ᒰߡߪ߹ࠆߩ߇ࡄࡦࠢߢࠆ(105)ޕࡄࡦࠢߩࠬ࠲ࠗ
95
࡞ߪવ⛔⊛ߥᢥൻࠕࠗࠦࡦࠍࠦࠫࡘߒߥ߇ࠄޔߘߩᗧࠍᵹ↪ߒޔォߐߖࠆߎߣߢޔ ᣢᚑଔ୯ࠍམ╉ߒߚޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦᢥൻࠍᱧผ⊛ߥᢥ⣂߆ࠄಾࠅ㔌ߒ⥄↱ߦ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆᚻ ᴺߪޔࠆ⒳ࡐࠬ࠻ࡕ࠳ࡦ⊛ߥ⸥ภᠲߦㄭߣ⸒߃ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ
ⷐ⚂ߔࠆߣޔ࠶ࠢࠬࡇࠬ࠻࡞࠭ߣ߁ઙߪޔ⧓ⴚ⊛ߥ⟤ቇߣᚸേ⊛ߥᚢ⇛ߦࠃ ߞߡࠆ⒟ᐲ߹ߢ⸘▚ߒߡ⚵߹ࠇߚຠߛߞߚߩࠆޕ࠶ࠢࠬࡇࠬ࠻࡞࠭ߩ᛫߇ 㝯ജ⊛ߥຠߣߥࠅޔ␠ળ⽎ߣߥߞߚߩߪޔᴦ⚻ᷣ⊛ṛ߆ࠄ↢߹ࠇഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩᙍ ᙴߣޔ⧯⠪ࠍᗖ߈ઃߌࠆࠨࡉࠞ࡞࠴ࡖߩਇߣ߁ⅣႺ߇ߞߚ߆ࠄߛࠈ߁ޕᬺ⇇ߩ
ដੱߦࠃߞߡ⧯⠪ߩ᛫߇ຠൻߐࠇࠆߣ߁ࡊࡠࠬߪޔ60 ᐕઍߩࡆ࠻࡞࠭ߣ㉃ૃߒ ߡࠆޕߘߩ⚿ᨐޔຠൻߐࠇߚޟࡄࡦࠢࡓࡧࡔࡦ࠻ޠߪᒰ⠪ߚߜߩᕁᖺࠍߪࠆ߆ ߦ߃ߚⷙᮨߣㅦᐲߢߒޔࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ਇน⢻ߥ⽎߳ߣᚑ㐳ߒߡߒ߹ߞߚޕ࠶ࠢ
ࠬࡇࠬ࠻࡞࠭એ㒠ޔࠗࠡࠬߩࡄࡦࠢߪࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘࡄࡦࠢ(British punk)ߣ߫ࠇޔ ᕆㅦߦዷ㐿ߒޔࠢ࠶ࠪࡘ߿࠳ࡓ࠼ߣߞߚࡄࡦࠢࡃࡦ࠼߇ᵴべߒߚ߇ޔࡄࡦࠢ߇ࡄ࠲
ࡦൻߐࠇߚࠗࡔࠫߢຠߣߒߡᶖ⾌ߒዧߊߐࠇࠆߣޔ70 ᐕઍᧃߦޟࡄࡦࠢࡓࡧࡔ ࡦ࠻ޠߪ⚳Ὣࠍㄫ߃ߚޕ࡚ࠫ࠾ࡠ࠶࠻ࡦ߇࠶ࠢࠬࡇࠬ࠻࡞࠭⣕ㅌ⋥ᓟߦ“I’m fed up with all this punk thing.” (510) ߣฯ߈ᝥߡޔᶖ⾌␠ળߦขࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡᬺൻߐࠇߚࡄࡦࠢߦ
ࠍ๔ߍߚߎߣߪ⽎ᓽ⊛ߢࠆޕ
㧟㧚80ᐕઍ
㧔㧝㧕ޟࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓޠߩഞ⟋
ࠬ࠻ࠗࠠ߇㗫⊒ߔࠆᷙੂߩਛߢⴕࠊࠇߚ 79 ᐕߩ✚ㆬߦ߅ߡޔޟ㋕ߩᅚޠ(The Iron Lady)ߩ⇣ฬࠍᜬߟࡑࠟ࠶࠻ࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ(Margaret Thatcher, 1925-2013)₸ࠆౄߪ ޟࠗࠡࠬ∛ޠࠍᴦ≮ߔࠆⴚࠍߖߥഭౄߦൎߒޔᮭߩᐳߦࠅດߚޕࠨ࠶
࠴ࡖߪవㅴ࿖ߦ߅ߡᦨೋߩᅚᕈ㚂⋧ߣߥࠅޔ90ᐕߩㄉછ߹ߢߩ3ᦼ11ᐕඨޔ20♿ࠗ
ࠡࠬߦ߅ߡᦨ㐳ߩᮭᦼ㑆ࠍോࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ߇ౄౄ㚂ߦዞછߒ ߚ75ᐕએ㒠ߩౄᮭ߇ᓐᅚߩ࠳ࠪ࠶ࡊߩਅߢౕൻߒߡ߈ߚࠗ࠺ࠝࡠࠡޔ
ᴦࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞߮৻ㅪߩ╷ߪޟࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓޠ(Thatcherism)ߣ߫ࠇߡࠆޕ
⚻ᷣቇ⠪ࡈ࠼ࡅࡂࠗࠛࠢ(Friedrich Hayek, 1899-1992)ߩᏒ႐ේℂਥ⟵ࠍାᄺߒߡ
ߚࠨ࠶࠴ࡖߪޔ⊛ߥㆇേޟ࠾ࡘࠗ࠻ޠ(New Right)ߣ⚿߮ߟߚᣂ⥄↱ਥ⟵(New Liberalism)ߩⷞὐ߆ࠄዊߐߥᐭࠍឝߍޔ⚻ᷣ⊛ṛ߇ᷓೞൻߔࠆޟࠗࠡࠬ∛ޠߩ⨹ᴦ≮
ߣߒߡޔᄢߥⷙ✭ޔ࿖༡ડᬺߩ᳃༡ൻޔ␠ળ㓚ߩᷫޔഭ⚵วߩᒙൻߣߞ ߚ↥ᬺ᭴ㅧᡷ㕟ࠍᢿⴕߒޔ⚻ᷣߩ┙ߡ⋥ߒࠍ࿑ߞߚޕหᤨߦࠨ࠶࠴ࡖߪ☨࠰಄ᚢ᭴ㅧߩ ਅޔ81ᐕߦࠕࡔࠞߩᄢ⛔㗔ߦዞછߒߚࡠ࠽࡞࠼ࠟࡦ(Ronald Reagan, 1911-2004)ߣද
⺞ߒޔ․ߥ㑐ଥࠍ▽߈ޔ࿖㓙␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆࠗࠡࠬߩᓳᮭࠍߑߒޔ಄ᚢ⚳⚿ߦ߽৻ᓎ
⾈ߞߚޕ߹ߚޔࡈࠚࡒ࠾࠭ࡓߩⷰὐ߆ࠄࠇ߫ޔਅጀਛ↥㓏⚖ߩᅚᕈ߇ᴦኅߣߒߡᄢᚑ ߔࠆߎߣ⥄߇60ᐕઍએ㒠ߩࡈࠚࡒ࠾࠭ࡓߩべㅴࠍ⽎ᓽߒߡ߅ࠅޔᅚᕈߩ␠ળㅴ߇ଦㅴ ߐࠇߚߎߣࠍ⸽ߒߡࠆߣ߽⸒߃ࠆޕ
ߒ߆ߒޔࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓߩᭂ┵ߥ╷ߩઍఘߪᄢ߈߆ߞߚޕ70 ᐕߦ⊒ߐࠇߚർᶏᴤ↰
ߦࠃࠅ⍹ᴤャ࿖ߦߥߞߡߚࠗࠡࠬߪޔ80 ᐕߦߪ⾏ᤃᡰߢ㤥ሼࠍߟࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ ߇ޔ↥ᬺャ߇ోߣߒߡਇᝄߢࠆߣ߁ታߪ㓝ߒࠃ߁߽ߥߊޔ80 ᐕઍೋ㗡ߩ⇇⊛
96
ਇᴫߦ߽⿷ࠍᒁߞᒛࠄࠇޔࠗࠡࠬߪౣ߮⚻ᷣ⊛ṛߦ㒱ߞߚޕࠗࡦࡈᛥߦ߽ᱤᱛ
߇߆߆ࠄߕޔᄖ࿖⾗ᧄߩෳߢ࿖ౝડᬺߪୟ↥ߒߚޕ㓹↪㕙ߦ߅ߡߪޔ⾓㊄߇ਅ߇ࠅޔ ᄬᬺ₸߽߇ࠅޔ82ᐕߦߪᄬᬺ⠪ߪㆊᦨ㜞ߩ300ਁੱࠍ߃ߚޕ߹ߚޔᚲᓧ⒢ߣᴺੱ⒢
ߩᷫ⒢ࠍㅴࠆ৻ᣇߢޔઃടଔ୯⒢ࠍჇ⒢ߒޔ࿖᳃ߦൕീߣ⚂ࠍଦߒߚ߇ޔઃടଔ୯⒢
ߦߪㅒㅴᕈ߇ࠆߚޔ㜞ᚲᓧ⠪ጀߦߦૐᚲᓧ⠪ጀߦߪਇߦߥࠆ╷ߢߞߚޕ વ⛔⊛ߥ␠ળ㓚ᐲࠍ⛽ᜬߒߥ߇ࠄޔ⚻ᷣߩᄢޔ┹ജߩᒝൻޔᄬᬺ₸ߩૐਅޔഭ
⠪ߩᚲᓧߩჇᄢޔ⽷ᡰߩ㤥ሼൻߥߤࠍหᤨߦᚑࠅ┙ߚߖࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢޔੱ㗡⒢ዉ
ߦ߅ߡ࿖᳃ߩਇḩ߇⊒ߒޔᡰᜬ₸߇ૐਅߒߡࠨ࠶࠴ࡖߪㄉ⡯ߦㅊㄟ߹ࠇߚޕ⚿
ᨐ⊛ߦޔࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓߪᄢⷙᮨߥᄬᬺ⠪ࠍ↢ߺޔ⽺ንߩᩰᏅᄢޔ‽⟋ߩჇടޔ␠ળਇ
ߩჇᄢࠍߚޕߣࠅࠊߌޔߘࠇ߹ߢߩࠗࠡࠬ↥ᬺߩᔃ⤳ㇱߛߞߚࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼ർㇱ ߢߪޔㅧ⦁ޔ㋕ޔ㋶ߣߞߚഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩਥߥ߈ญߦუṌ⊛ߥᛂ᠄ࠍਈ߃ߚޕ84 ᐕ ߆ࠄ85ߦ߆ߌߡߩ㋶ࠬ࠻ࠗࠠߦ߅ߡޔഭ⚵วߣߩኻᆫࠍ㞲ߦᛂߜߒߡ㐽
㎮ߣࠬ࠻ࠍᒝⴕߒߚߎߣߪ⽎ᓽ⊛ߢࠆޕࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ⥄り߇ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘߢ“there is no such thing as society. There are individual men and women, and there are families.” (Thatcher, “No such thing as society” 10) ߣ಄㉃ߦ⺆ߞߡࠆࠃ߁ߦޔࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓߪࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖࠍ፣უ ߐߖޔੱ㑆⊛⚷Ꮺࠍಽᢿߒߚޕታޔࠨ࠶࠴ࡖߩ╷ߪㇺᏒㇱߩንጀࠍఝㆄߒޔᣇ ߩ␠ળ⊛ᒙ⠪ࠍಾࠅᝥߡࠆ߽ߩ߫߆ࠅߢࠅޔᓐࠄߪᔀᐩ⊛ߥวℂൻߩ‶†⠪ߦߥߞߚޕ ࠨ࠶࠴ࡖᮭ⺀↢એ㒠ޔᴦ⊛⊒⸒ࠍᒝߡߞߚࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࠻ࡎ࡞ߪޡᣂ߳ߩ 㒾ߒޢ(The Hard Road to Renewal: Thatcherism and the Crisis of the Left,1988)ߦ߅ߡޔࠨ
࠶࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓࠍޟᮭᆭਥ⟵⊛ࡐࡇࡘ࠭ࡓޠ(authoritarian populism)ߣ߮ޔߘߩࡋࠥࡕ࠾
⊛ડ࿑ߢࠆਛᄩ㓸ᮭߦࠃࠆ៦ขߣᛥࠍᛕ್ߒޔ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߩᓟㅌࠍ ᔨߒߡࠆ(7)ޕ ߘߩ⁁ᴫߦਇḩࠍࠄߖߡߚߩߪޔഭ⠪㓏⚖߿ᴦ⊛Ꮐᵷߛߌߢߪߥ߆ߞߚޕࠗ
ࡦ࠼⻉ፉޔࠗࡦ࠼ޔࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦߥߤ߆ࠄߩ⒖᳃߇ᕆჇߒޔੱ⒳ߩࠆߟ߷ߣߥߞߚࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ ߢߪੱ⒳㗴߇⛊ࠎߛ᛫߇➅ࠅߒ⊒↢ߒߡߚޕᦨਅጀߩࠕࡦ࠳ࠢࠬߦಽ㘃ߐࠇ ߚ⒖᳃ߩഠᖡߥഭ᧦ઙ߿ੱ⒳Ꮕߦኻߔࠆᙍࠅߪޔᄬᬺਛߩ⊕ੱഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩ⊒ࠍ⾈
ޔࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޔࡑࡦ࠴ࠚࠬ࠲ޔࡃࡒࡦࠟࡓߥߤฦߢേ߇㗫⊒ߒߚޕߘߩ᭽⋧ߪࠗ
ࠡࠬ߇߹ߐߦᄙᢥൻਥ⟵࿖ኅߦઁߥࠄߥߎߣࠍ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡߚߩߢࠆޕ 㧔㧞㧕ᄢ⧷Ꮲ࿖ߩᱷṗ
ࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓߦ߅ߡߪޔౄߩવ⛔⊛ߥਛ↥㓏⚖⊛ࡕ࠭ࡓ߳ߩ⒓឴ߣ⸒߃ࠆ ޟᣂਥ⟵ޠ(Neo Conservatism)ߦࠃߞߡޔᄢ⧷Ꮲ࿖ߩᱷṗ߇㓐ᚲߦ၂㑆߃ߚޕߣࠅࠊ ߌޔ⽎ᓽ⊛ߥߩ߇82ᐕߦഺ⊒ߒߚࡈࠜࠢࡦ࠼⚗(Falklands War)ߢࠆޕ82ᐕ4ޔ ࠕ࡞ࡦ࠴ࡦァᮭ߇ᣥᄢ⧷Ꮲ࿖ߩᬀ᳃ਥ⟵ᷡ▚ߩᄢ⟵ࠍឝߍޔ8,000ੱߩຬߢධᄢ
ᵗߩࠗࠡࠬ㗔ࡈࠜࠢࡦ࠼⻉ፉߩ㚂ㇺࡐ࠻ࠬ࠲ࡦࠍ⓭ᅤߣߒߡᱞജභ㗔ߒ ߚޕߎߩ৻ႎࠍฃߌߡޔࠬࠛ࠭ᵷએ᧪ߩ✕ᕆ㓸ࠍⴕߞߚ⥃ᤨਅ㒮⼏ળߢޔࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ
ߪਈ㊁ౄߩᘕ㊀⺰ࠍߒಾࠅޔᢿ࿕ߚࠆᘒᐲߢᚢࠍਥᒛߒޔහߒߚޕ࿖㓙ᴺ߆ࠄߺߡ ࠕ࡞ࡦ࠴ࡦ߇ਇᴺߦ㗔ࠍଚߒߚߣߪ߃ޔࡈࠜࠢࡦ࠼⻉ፉߪࠗࠡࠬ߆ࠄߪࠆ
߆13,000km߽㔌ࠇߚධᄥᐔᵗߩቅፉߢޔ߆2,000 ੱߩ᳃߇⟠ࠍ㘺ߞߡ⚦ޘߣ↢ᵴߒߡ
ࠆߦㆊ߉ߥ߆ߞߚޕ⚻ᷣ⊛ߦߪߣࠆߦ⿷ࠄߥߎߩቅፉࠍᅓ࿁ߔࠆߚߦޔࠗࠡࠬߪ
97
࡙࠾ࠝࡦࠫࡖ࠶ࠢࠍ⠡ߒߚ100㓲એߩ⦘⦁ߣ25,000ੱએߩຬࠍ⋥ߜߦᛩߒޔ⚂
1,000ੱߩ‶†ࠍߔ߽ߩߩޔ2ࡩߢࠕ࡞ࡦ࠴ࡦࠍ㒠ફߐߖߚޕ
ࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ߇ᷤߦࠃࠆᐔ⊛⸃ࠍ᳞ࠆ࿖㓙⺰ߦ߽⡊ࠍ⾉ߐߕޔୟ⊛ߥァജ ࠍⴕߒߚℂ↱ߪޔࡈࠔࠪ࠭ࡓߦኻߒߡ߆ߟߡߩᏢ࿖ࠗࠡࠬߩജࠍ࿖㓙␠ળߦ␜ߔࠆ ߣߣ߽ߦޔ࿖᳃ߩ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࠭ࡓࠍ༐ߔࠆߚߩᴦ⊛ࡊࡠࡄࠟࡦ࠳߇⋡⊛ߢߞߚߣ ߔࠆ⸃߇৻⥸⊛ߢࠆ(Noakes 103)ޕࡈࠜࠢࡦ࠼⚗ߩൎ⋥ᓟߩ73ᣣߩṶ⺑ߢޔ ࠨ࠶࠴ࡖߪࠗࠡࠬੱߣߒߡߩ♖⊛ⷡ㉕ࠍ࿖᳃ߦ߮߆ߌߚޕ
We have ceased to be a nation in retreat. We have instead a new-found confidence—born in the economic battles at home and tested and found true 8,000 miles away. That confidence comes from the re-discovery of ourselves, and grows with the recovery of our self-respect. And so today, we can rejoice at our success in the Falklands and take pride in the achievement of the men and women of our Task Force. But we do so, not as at some last flickering of a flame which must soon be dead. No—we rejoice that Britain has re-kindled that spirit which has fired her for generations past and which today has begun to burn as brightly as before. Britain found herself again in the South Atlantic and will not look back from the victory she has won. (Thatcher, Downing 35)
ߎߩᏢ࿖ਥ⟵ߦၮߠߊᅢᚢ⺰߆ࠄਥᮭ࿁ᓳߩᱜᒰᕈࠍ⸷߃ࠆᚻᴺߪޔ࿖᳃ߩ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࠭
ࡓࠍࡁࠬ࠲࡞ࠫ࠶ࠢߦ㜞឴ߐߖࠆߎߣߦᚑഞߒߚޕࡈࠜࠢࡦ࠼⚗ߩൎߦኻߔࠆ࿖
᳃ߩᾲ⁅ߪޔ╙ੑᰴ⇇ᄢᚢᤨߩ 40 ᐕߩࡃ࠻࡞ࠝࡉࡉ࠹ࡦߩ৻ᗵࠍᓌᓓߣߐߖޔ
ࠗࠡࠬ߇߹ߛᄢ⧷Ꮲ࿖ᤨઍߩㆊߩᩕశߦၫ⌕ߒߡࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡࠆߩߪࠄ߆ߢ
ࠆޕߎ߁ߒߡࠗࠡࠬߩᢇਥߣߥߞߚࠨ࠶࠴ࡖߪᕁᖺㅢࠅߦᄬ߆ߌߡߚᡰᜬ₸
ࠍ80%߹ߢᕆߐߖޔ⚿ᨐ⊛ߦ83ᐕߩ✚ㆬߢߪౄ߇ൎߒޔᮭ⛯ᛩ߇ቯߒߚ
ߩߢࠆޕߥ߅ޔࠨ࠶࠴ࡖߩᄢ⧷Ꮲ࿖ߦኻߔࠆ࿕ၫߪޔ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߩᏒ႐⥄↱ൻߦߪⓍ
ᭂ⊛ߛߞߚ߽ߩߩޔᴦ⊛⛔ว߿ㅢ⽻⛔วߦߪุቯ⊛ߛߞߚߎߣߦ߽ࠇߡࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ
߹ߚޔࠨ࠶࠴ࡖߩᕁᗐߩᩮᐙߦߞߚߩߪޔ60 ᐕઍߩ␠ળᄌ㕟ࠍታߐߖߚߐ߹ߑ߹
ߥㆇേࠍ৻ߒޔ∛ࠆ࿖ኅࠍࡧࠖࠢ࠻ࠕᦺ⊛ߥᓼⷙ▸ࠍᜬߟવ⛔⊛ߥ␠ળ߳࿁Ꮻߐ ߖࠆߎߣߛߞߚޕࠨ࠶࠴ࡖߪ 82 ᐕߦ“We are reaping what was sown in the sixties. The fashionable theories and permissive claptrap set the scene for a society in which the old virtues of discipline and self-restraint were denigrated.” (qtd. in Peacock 5) ߣㅀߴޔઍߩࠄࠁࠆ␠ળᖡ ߩේ࿃ߪ60ᐕઍߩޟኡኈߥ␠ળޠߦࠆߣ㕖㔍ߒߚޕࠨ࠶࠴ࡖᮭߩ㓹↪⋧ࠍോߚࡁ
ࡑࡦ࠹ࡆ࠶࠻(Norman Tebbit, 1931-)߽ࠨ࠶࠴ࡖߩ⼏⺰ߦห⺞ߒޔ“the trigger of today’s outburst of crime and violence was deeper. It lies in the era and attitudes of post-War funk which gave birth to the ‘Permissive Society’ which, in turn generated today’s violent society.” (qtd. in Eccleshall 247) ߣṶ⺑ߒߡࠆޕ
ᣣ߆ࠄᝄࠅߞߡߺࠇ߫ޔ60 ᐕઍߩ⧯⠪ᢥൻ߇↢ߺߒߚޟኡኈߥ␠ળޠߦኻߔࠆߎ ߩุቯ⊛ߥ⸃ߪޔ⟤ൻߐࠇߚ⸃ߣ߁⼂߿⚳ࠊࠅߥ߈ࡄ࠹ࠖߣᝒ߃ࠆᗵⷡߣߪ
⋧ኈࠇߥ߽ߩߢࠆޕ60 ᐕઍ߇ੱ⒳Ꮕߩᤚᱜ߿↵ᅚᐔ╬ߩផㅴ߳ะ߆ߞߡᄢ߈ߊ೨ㅴ ߒߚߎߣࠍุቯߔࠆ⠪ߪߥߛࠈ߁߇ޔਔ⠪ߩ⸃ߪߘ߁ߒߚታࠍήⷞߒޔ60 ᐕઍߩ
⧯⠪ߦ⧘↢߃ߚᴦᗧ⼂ࠍシⷞߔࠆ߈ࠄ߇ࠆޕㅒ⺑⊛ߦ߃߫ޔᓐࠄߪ60ᐕઍߩ㊀ⷐ
98
ߥㆮ↥ߢࠆ␠ળᄌ㕟ߩน⢻ᕈࠍޔෂ㒾ⷞߒߡࠆߣ߁ߎߣߢࠆޕߎ߁ߒߚ
ᵷߩࡧࠖࠢ࠻ࠕᦺᤨઍߩᄢ⧷Ꮲ࿖ߩ❥ᩕࠍℂᗐߣߔࠆᕁᗐߪޔ⇇ᖱ߆ࠄߺߡ߽↟ߛ
ᤨઍㆃࠇߩᗵⷡߢߞߚ߇ޔࠨ࠶࠴ࡖߩᡰᜬ₸ߩ㜞ߐ߆ࠄߘࠇߦᗵߔࠆ࿖᳃߇ߚߎ ߣ߽߹ߚታߥߩߢࠆޕࠃߞߡޔࡈࠜࠢࡦ࠼⚗߇ᶋߐߖߚߩߪޔᄢ⧷Ꮲ࿖ߩᱷ ṗߛߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ
㧔㧟㧕ޟࡋ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠫᤋ↹ޠߩ㓉⋓
ࠨ࠶࠴ࡖᮭਅߦ߅ߌࠆࠗࠡࠬ࿖᳃࿖ኅߩൻฝൻߩะߪᢥൻ㗔ၞߦ߽ᅤ ታߦࠇߡߚޕߘࠇߪ80ᐕઍೋ㗡એ᧪ޔࡁࠬ࠲࡞ࠫ࠶ࠢߦᓀࠄࠇߡ⟤ൻߐࠇߚㆊߩࠗ
ࠡࠬߩࠗࡔࠫࠍౣߒߡឬߚޟࡋ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠫᤋ↹ޠ(heritage film)ߩ㓉⋓ߢࠆޕޟࡋ
࠹ࠖ࠶ࠫᤋ↹ޠߪޔࠗࠡࠬߩㆊߩᱧผ⊛ᢥൻ⊛ㆮ↥ࠍ࠹ࡑߣߒޔߘߩᄙߊߪᤋ
⊛ߦ⟤ߒᵹ㓏⚖ߩ⒎ᐨࠆ␠ળࠍឬߚຠߢࠆޕ㧣ࠗࠡࠬᢥቇผߦ߅ߡᢥቇ
⊛ᱜౖߦ⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߡࠆዊ⺑ߩᤋ↹ൻ߽ᄙߊޔዊ⺑ኅ E.M.ࡈࠜࠬ࠲(E.M. Forster, 1879-1970)ේߩᤋ↹ޡ⌑ߩㇱደޢ(A Room with a View, 1985)ޔޡࡕࠬޢ(Maurice, 1987)ޔޡࡂࡢ࠭ࠛࡦ࠼ޢ(Howards End, 1992)ࠆߪዊ⺑ኅࠫࠚࡦࠝࠬ࠹ࠖࡦ(Jane Austen, 1775-1817)ේߩᤋ↹ޡߟ߆᥍ࠇߚᣣߦޢ(Sense and Sensibility, 1995)ޔޡࠛࡑޢ(Emma,
1996)ߪޟࡋ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠫᤋ↹ޠߩઍ⊛ߥຠ⟲ߢࠆޕߕࠇߩຠߦ߅ߡ߽ޔࠗࡦࠣ
ࡦ࠼ධㇱߩ↰ᣇߩ㇗ቛߢఝ㓷ߥᣣޘࠍㅍࠆᵹ㓏⚖ߩ↢ᵴ߇ㇹᗜ⊛ߦឬ߆ࠇߡࠆޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥޟࡋ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠫᤋ↹ޠߩ㓉⋓ߪޔ81ᐕߦ㐿ߐࠇߚࠦࡦ࠙ࠚࡦ࠼(Colin
Welland, 1934-)⣉ᧄࡅࡘࡂ࠼࠰ࡦ(Hugh Hudson, 1936-)⋙〈ߩᤋ↹ޡἻߩࡦ࠽ޢ
(Chariots of Fire, 1981) ߆ࠄᆎ߹ߞߚߣߐࠇߡࠆޕ24ᐕߩࡄࠝࡦࡇ࠶ࠢߢᵴべߒߚ
㒽ㆬᚻߩታࠍᗲ࿖⊛ߦឬߚޡἻߩࡦ࠽ޢߪޔ߹ߐߒߊࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓ߇ౣ↢ߒ ࠃ߁ߣߒߚࡧࠖࠢ࠻ࠕᦺߩવ⛔⊛ଔ୯ⷰࠍ༐ߒߚᤋ↹ߢࠆޕᄸߒߊ߽82ᐕ4ߩࠕ
ࠞ࠺ࡒ⾨ᑼߩ⋥ᓟߦࡈࠜࠢࡦ࠼⚗߇ഺ⊒ߔࠆޕޡἻߩࡦ࠽ޢߩᚑഞߣࡈࠜ
ࠢࡦ࠼⚗ߩൎߪޔ࿖㓙␠ળߢᮭᆭࠍ༚ᄬߒߡߚࠗࠡࠬߦߣߞߡ 2 ߟߩᗲ࿖⊛
᧪ߛߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ㧤
ޡἻߩࡦ࠽ޢߪޟࡋ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠫᤋ↹ޠߩ․ᓽߢࠆ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࠭ࡓࠍ┵⊛ߦ␜ߒߡ
ࠆ(Christopher 129)ޕᤋ↹ߪਥੱߢ߆ߟߡߩ㊄ࡔ࠳ࠬ࠻ߩࠛࠗࡉࡂࡓ࠭(Abrahams)
ࠍㅍࠆ෩߆ߥ⫋ߢᆎ߹ࠆޕෳ⠪ࠍ೨ߦޔ↢߈ᱷߞߚ⠧ੱߚߜ߇ノ߆ߒㆊࠍ࿁ᗐߔ ࠆޕᵿㄝࠍ㚟ߌࠆㆬᚻ࿅ߩ⧯⠪ߚߜߩ⟲߇ࠇޔࠬࡠࡕ࡚ࠪࡦߢࠬࠢࡦࠍḩߚ ߔޕᄢળ೨ߩߎߩวኋ㘑᥊߆ࠄޔ‛⺆ߪߐࠄߦ㆚ࠅޔ19 ᐕߩࠤࡦࡉ࠶ࠫᄢቇቇ߆ࠄᧄ
✬߇ᆎ߹ࠆޕߎߩࡈ࠶ࠪࡘࡃ࠶߽ࠢ߹ߚޔᚢᱫߒߚ⧯⠪ߚߜࠍㅊᖬߔࠆ෩☽ߥࠬࡇ࠴
ߦࠃߞߡၮ⺞ࠍቯߡࠆޕవੱߚߜߩᱷߒߚ♖⊛ㆮ↥ࠍฃߌ⛮߉ޔ࿖ߩߚߦ⥄ࠄ ࠍ㎊߃ޔ⟵ോࠍᨐߚߖߣ߁ࡔ࠶ࠫߪ㚂የ৻⽾ߒߡࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ
‛⺆ߪ24ᐕߩࡄࠝࡦࡇ࠶ࠢߦ2ੱߩ㕍ᐕࠍߦឬߊޕ࡙࠳ࡗ♽ߩࠛࠗࡉ
ࡂࡓ࠭ߪੱ⒳Ꮕߣᚢޔࠬࠦ࠶࠻ࡦ࠼ߩትᢎᏧ࠺࡞(Liddell)ߪߩᩕశࠍ␜ߔߚߦ
ࠆޕ࡙࠳ࡗੱߣߒߡߩ⥄⽶ޔትᢎᏧߣߒߡߩାઔߪޔࠕࡑ࠴ࡘࠕ࠭ࡓ߿࿖ኅ߳ߩᔘ⺈
ᔃࠍ᳞ࠆனༀ⊛ߥᄢੱߚߜߣߩ㑆ߢޔߘࠇߙࠇߩ⪾⮮ࠍ↢ޕ‛⺆ߩਛᔃߪ┹ᛛએ೨ߩ ߎߩᚢߦࠆޕߛ߇ޔࠗࠡࠬߩൎߢ┹ᛛ߇⚳ࠊࠆߣ߈ޔੱߩ⪾⮮ߪ࿖ߩᩕశߩ
99
ᱧผߩ 1 ࡍࠫߣߥࠆߩߢࠆޕࠛࠗࡉࡂࡓ࠭ߩಫᣓᏫ࿖ᓟޔ႐㕙ߪᓐߩ⫋ߦᚯࠅޔ
⡛ޟࠛ࡞ࠨࡓޠ(“Jerusalem”)߇ᢧ໒ߐࠇࠆޕ
ޟࠛ࡞ࠨࡓޠߪ╙৻ᰴ⇇ᄢᚢਛߦࠗࠡࠬ࿖᳃ߩ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࠭ࡓࠍ㜞឴ߐߖࠆߚ
ߩ㖸ᭉߣߒߡዉߐࠇߚ⚻✲߇ࠆ߇ޔޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߩࠕࡦࠪ࠻ේߢޟഭ
⠪㓏⚖ᤋ↹ޠߩේὐߣ⸒߃ࠆޟࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘ࠾ࡘ࠙ࠚࠗࡧޠߩޡ㐳〒㔌ࡦ࠽
ߩቅ⁛ޢߦ߅ߡ߽㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡߚޕหߓࠆߎߣߦ⾲ߌࠆ⧯⠪ࠍឬߊޡ㐳
〒㔌ࡦ࠽ߩቅ⁛ޢߣޡἻߩࡦ࠽ޢࠍᲧセߔࠇ߫ޔ⚿ᧃߩᗧߪ৻ጀ⏕ߦߥࠆޕ ޡ㐳〒㔌ࡦ࠽ߩቅ⁛ޢߢߪޔޟࠛ࡞ࠨࡓޠ߇౨㗡߆ࠄ➅ࠅߒ࠹ࡑᦛߩᅤߊᄼߢ ࠄࠇࠆޕߘߩጊ႐ߪዋᐕ㒮ߢ㒮㐳ߩᗲࠍᄬߞߚዋᐕ߇⣕ࠍડߡࠆ߇ᄬᢌߒޔࠄ߃ࠄ ࠇߡᙼ⟏ࠍฃߌࠆ႐㕙ߢࠆޕߎߩ႐㕙߇ޔઁߩዋᐕߚߜ߇ޟࠛ࡞ࠨࡓޠࠍ⻠ၴߢ߁ ႐㕙ߣࠢࡠࠬࠞ࠶࠹ࠖࡦࠣߢ␜ߐࠇࠆߩߢࠆޕߘߒߡޔ⚿ᧃߦ߅ߡࠧ࡞⋥೨ߢൎ
ࠍ᫈ߒޔࠆߎߣࠍ߿ޔᄢੱߚߜߦᓳ⼦ࠍᨐߚߒߚਥੱࠬࡒࠬ߇න⺞ߥᬺߦᚯ ࠆ႐㕙ࠍ⢛᥊ߦޔޟࠛ࡞ࠨࡓޠ߇ౣ߮㗀߈ᷰࠆޕⷙᓞߣൎࠍ᳞ࠆߩனༀ߇๔⊒
ߐࠇޔ“I will not cease from Mental Fight”ߣ߁⹖ߪޔࠄࠁࠆᮭᆭ߿ᮭജߦዮߔࠆߎߣ ߩߥ⥄↱ߥ♖ᵴേࠍ⛯ߌߡߊߎߣߩᗧት⸒ߢࠅޔਥੱߩౝ㕙ߦ⒁ߚ
᛫ߩἻࠍવ߃ࠆ߽ߩߣߥࠆޕ
ߎࠇߦኻߒߡޔޡἻߩࡦ࠽ޢߢߪ᛫ߦΆ߃ߚࠛࠗࡉࡂࡓ߽࠭ℂ⸃ࠆࠗࠡࠬੱ
ߩᵹ㓏⚖ߩᆷߣ⚿ᇕߒߡౝߦࠅޔࠗࠡࠬ㒽⇇ߩ㐳⠧ߦ߹ߢߒߡㅊᖬߐࠇ ࠆޕߩᩕశࠍ⒓߃ࠆ⼝⟤ޟࠛ࡞ࠨࡓޠߪޔ⧯⠪ߚߜࠍޟἻߩᚢゞޠ(“Chariot of fire”) ߢᔃߩᚢߦᛂߜൎߜޔ࿖ߦᩕశࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚാ⠪ߣߒߡ⒓߃ࠆᗲ࿖ߣߥࠆޕߘߒߡޔ
ౣ߮ᵿㄝࠍ㚟ߌࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜߩ⟲߇ࠇࠆޕ⧯⠪ߚߜߩൎߪޔⷰቴ߇ฃߌ⛮ߋߴ߈♖
⊛ㆮ↥ߣߥࠆߩߢࠆޕ
ᴉṛߒߚࠗࠡࠬᤋ↹⇇ߦᏗᦸࠍ߽ߚࠄߔޡἻߩࡦ࠽ޢߩࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ⾨ฃ⾨ߣࡈࠜ
ࠢࡦ࠼⚗ߩൎߣߩᤨ㑆⊛㊀ߥࠅߪޔ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࠭ࡓߩ㜞឴ࠍഥ㐳ߒߚߩߪ㑆㆑
ߥߛࠈ߁ޕޟࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓޠ߇߽ߚࠄߒߚ↥ᬺ᭴ㅧߩỗᄌߣ␠ળਇߪޔ♖⊛ᡰᩇࠍ
᳞ࠆ࿖᳃ߦޔޟㆊߩㆮ↥ޠ߳ߣ⋡ࠍะߌߐߖߚޕㆊߩℂᗐൻߐࠇߚᄢ⧷Ꮲ࿖ߩࡁࠬ࠲
࡞ࠫࠆߪ⊛ߥ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࠭ࡓߦነࠅដ߆ࠅߥ߇ࠄࠗࠡࠬߩఝᕈߣ߁࠹
ࡑࠍ೨㕙ߦߒߒޔᬺ⊛ߦ߽ᚑഞࠍߚޟࡋ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠫᤋ↹ޠߪޔ80 ᐕઍߩޟࠨ࠶
࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓޠ߇↢ࠎߛ↥‛ߣ⸒߃ࠆߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥޕ
㧠㧚90ᐕઍ
㧔㧝㧕ޟഭ⠪㓏⚖ᤋ↹ޠߩ㓉⋓
90 ᐕઍߩࠗࠡࠬᤋ↹⇇ߦ߅ߡߪޔࠨ࠶࠴ࡖᮭߦࠃߞߡᛥߐࠇߚഭ⠪㓏⚖ࠍ ਥ㗴ߦߒޔหᤨઍࠍᛕ್⊛ߦ࿁㘈ߔࠆᤋ↹ຠ߇⛯ޘߣ⊒ߐࠇޔᬺ⊛ᚑഞࠍߚޕ ߘࠇࠄߩޟഭ⠪㓏⚖ᤋ↹ޠ(working class film)ߪޔ80ᐕઍߩޟࡋ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠫᤋ↹ޠߣߪኻ ᾖ⊛ߥౝኈߢࠅޔޟࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓޠ߳ߩേߢࠆߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡࠆޕ㧥ߘߩേะߪޔ߆ ߟߡߩޟࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘ࠾ࡘ࠙ࠚࠗࡧޠߣหߓߊޔᢥቇຠ߆ࠄᆎ߹ߞߚޕ࡛ࡠ
࠶ࡄㅪว(EU)߇ഃ⸳ߐࠇߚ93ᐕޔࠬࠦ࠶࠻ࡦ࠼ߩഭ⠪㓏⚖りߩኅࠕࡧࠖࡦ࠙
ࠚ࡞ࠪࡘ(Irvine Welsh, 1961-)ߩ㐳✬ዊ⺑ޡ࠻ࠗࡦࠬࡐ࠶࠹ࠖࡦࠣޢ(Trainspotting, 1993)߇
100
ᓟ߹߽ߥߊࡌࠬ࠻ߣߥࠅޔࡉ࠶ࠞ⾨ߦࡁࡒࡀ࠻ߐࠇޔ⥰บൻߢ㗴ࠍ߮ޔ ᤋ↹ൻߢ߽⥝ⴕ⊛ᚑഞࠍߚޕ࠳࠾ࡏࠗ࡞(Danny Boyle, 1956-)߇⋙〈ࠍോߚᤋ↹ޡ࠻
ࠗࡦࠬࡐ࠶࠹ࠖࡦࠣޢ(Trainspotting, 1996)ߪޔ1980ᐕઍߩࠬࠦ࠶࠻ࡦ࠼ߩ㚂ㇺࠛ࠺ࠖࡦ ࡃࠍ⥰บߦ࠼࠶ࠣߣ‽⟋ߣജߦṃࠇࠆഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩ⧯⠪ߚߜߩᖤᗌߥ㕍ᤐࠍࠕ࡞
ߦឬߡࠆޕຠߩ┵ޘ߆ࠄߪ␠ળߩᐩㄝߢ↢ᵴߔࠆഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩ⧯⠪ߩᕁ⠨ߣᗵᖱࠍ
ታߩ⁁ᴫߦᩮᏅߒߡߒߚవ㚟⠪ߢࠆޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߩᱷ߇၂㑆߃ࠆޕߎ ߩޡ࠻ࠗࡦࠬࡐ࠶࠹ࠖࡦࠣޢࠍ⊹ಾࠅߦޟഭ⠪㓏⚖ᤋ↹ޠ߇৻ࠍ㘑㕘ߒߡߊޕ
߆ߟߡߪ㋕㍑ᬺߢᩕ߃ߚࠪࠚࡈࠖ࡞࠼ࠍ⥰บߦޔ↵ᕈࠬ࠻࠶ࡊ࡚ࠪߦṶߔࠆ ᄬᬺ⠪ߚߜࠍಾߥߊ߽࡙ࡕࠬߦឬߚࡇ࠲ࠞ࠶࠲ࡀࠝ(Peter Cattaneo, 1964-)⋙〈
ߩޡࡈ࡞ࡕࡦ࠹ࠖޢ(The Full Monty, 1997)ߪޔࠕࡔࠞߢ߽ᬺ⊛ᚑഞࠍߚޕਥੱ
ࠟ࠭(Gaz)ߪ㋕㍑Ꮏ႐ߩ㐽㎮ߢᄬᬺߒޔᆄߦᗲᗐࠍዧ߆ߐࠇޔ৻ੱࠄߒߢ↢ᵴ⧰ߦ㒱ߞߡ
ࠆޕⷫᮭࠍߜޔᐜ 1 ੱᕷሶߣળ⛯ߌࠆߚߦߪޔ㙃⢒⾌ࠍᎿ㕙ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ
ޕหߓࠃ߁ߦᎿ႐ߩખ㑆ߚߜ߽ޔᏅߒߐ߃ޔ㔌ᇕߩෂᯏޔ⥄Ვᧂㆀߣߞߚᖤᗌߥ⁁
ᴫߦㅊㄟ߹ࠇߡࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔߎߩᤋ↹ߪᖱߦࠃࠆᢇᷣߩน⢻ᕈࠍାߓࠆߎߣߦࠃߞ ߡࠦࡔ࠺ࠖߣߥࠆޕ㙃⢒⾌ᝳߩߚߦࠟ࠭ߪޔᅚᕈ⋧ᚻߩ↵ᕈࠬ࠻࠶ࡊ࡚ࠪߣ
߁৻߆߆ߩࡆࠫࡀࠬࠍ⸘↹ߔࠆޕ৻ᄛ㒢ࠅߩ࡚ࠪߩߚߩ✵⠌ߣ⧰ഭߪޔᄬᬺ⠪ߦ⥄
ዅᔃߩ࿁ᓳࠍ߽ߚࠄߒޔᧄ⇟ߩ⥰บߢߪ಄᷆ߛߞߚᆄሶ߽㚟ߌߟߌߡჿេࠍㅍࠅޔᄢᚑഞ ࠍࠆޕߎߩ⚿ᧃߪޔᄬᬺߦࠃߞߡᒁ߈ⵚ߆ࠇߚኅᣖߩ⸃ޔ⋧ᛔഥ⊛ߥഭ⠪㓏⚖
ߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖౣ↢ࠍ⸷߃߆ߌࠆࡔ࠶ࠫߢࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ
㋶㐽㎮㗴ߢേំߔࠆ90ᐕઍߩ࡛ࠢࠪࡖࠍ⥰บߦޔࡉࠬࡃࡦ࠼࿅ຬߩ㓏⚖⊛ㅪ Ꮺᗧ⼂ߣ⚿᧤ࠍឬߚࡑࠢࡂࡑࡦ(Mark Herman, 1954-)⋙〈ߩޡࡉࠬ㧍ޢ(Brassed Off, 1996)ߪޔᴦ⊛ਥᒛ߽ࠃࠅ⏕ߢࠆޕࡉࠬࡃࡦ࠼ߩ࠳ᜰើ⠪ߩ࠳࠾(Danny) ߩᕷሶߩ㋶ᄦࡈࠖ࡞(Phil)ߪޔࠬ࠻ߣ㋶㐽㎮ߩෂᯏ߇ㄼࠆਛޔ୫㊄ߢኅ⽷ౕߩᏅ ߒߐ߃ߦㆣ߁ޕࡈࠖ࡞ߩ⁁ߪޔᢎળߢሶଏࠍ⋧ᚻߦࡇࠛࡠࠍṶߓߡᣣ㌛ࠍⒿ߉ޔ୫㊄
ᷣߦߡࠆߣ߁᭽ߢࠆޕ㋶㐽㎮ߩㅒႺߦ⽶ߌߕߦ৻⥌࿅⚿ߒߡべㅴߔࠆࡉࠬ
ࡃࡦ࠼ߢߞߚ߇ޔ⾗㊄ਇ⿷ߢో࿖ᄢળߩൎࠍㄉㅌߖߑࠆࠍᓧߥ⁁ᴫߣߥࠅޔႲ⢖ߢ ୟࠇߚ࠳࠾ߦߘߩߎߣࠍ๔ߍࠆ⧰ߒߺߦ⠴߃߆ߨߚࡈࠖ࡞ߪޔࡇࠛࡠᆫߩ߹߹ሶଏߚߜ ߩ೨ߢߩਇᐔࠍ⸷߃ޔ⛘ᦸ⊛ߥต߮ࠍ⊒ߔࠆޕߘߩⷞ✢ߩవߦߪᖤߒߍߥࠗࠛࠬ߇ ᴉ㤩ߒߡࠆޕߎߩ႐㕙ߪޟࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓޠߦኻߔࠆഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩ᛫⼏߇ಝ❗ߐࠇߡ
ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ♖⊛ߦㅊࠄࠇޔ⥄Ვᧂㆀࠍ࿑ࠆࡇࠛࡠߩᆫߪޔ⚻༡⠪߆ࠄㆊߩ ㆮ‛ߣམ╉ߐࠇࠆ㋶ᄦߩ⧰Ⴚߩߢࠆޕࡉࠬࡃࡦ࠼ߪࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߩࡠࠗࡗ࡞ࠕ࡞
ࡃ࠻ࡎ࡞ߢో࿖ఝൎࠍᨐߚߔ߇ޔᤋ↹ߪߘߩ߹߹ࡂ࠶ࡇࠛࡦ࠼ߢߪ⚳ࠊࠄߥޕᦨ ᓟߦ࠳࠾߇∛ᐥ߆ࠄ㚟ߌߟߌޔఝൎࠬࡇ࠴ߢࠗࠡࠬᐭߩ╷ޔߣࠅࠊߌޔഭ⚵
วࠍᒙൻߐߖߚޟࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓޠࠍỗߒߊ㕖㔍ߔࠆṶ⺑ࠍⴕߞߡೋߡຠߩࡔ࠶
ࠫߪቢ⚿ߔࠆߩߢࠆޕ
߹ߚޔޟࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘ࠾ࡘ࠙ࠚࠗࡧޠߦᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌޔ60ᐕઍ߆ࠄᵴേߔࠆࠤࡦ
ࡠ࠴(Ken Loach, 1936-)⋙〈ߩฬ೨ࠍߍߥࠊߌߦߪ߆ߥߛࠈ߁ޕࡠ࠴ߩࠠࡖࠕ ߩೋᦼߦߪޔޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߦಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߽ࠆࡃࡂࠗࡦ࠭(Barry Hines, 1939-) ߩ68ᐕ⊒ߩዊ⺑ޡࠤࠬ―㣔ߣዋᐕޢ(A Kestrel for a Knave, 1968)ࠍᤋ↹ൻߒߚ69ᐕߩᤋ↹
ޡࠤࠬޢ(Kes, 1969)߇ࠆޕߘߩᓟ߽ࡠ࠴ߪޔޡࡈࡈޢ(Riff-Raff, 1990)ޔޡࠞ࡞ߩ
101
ޢ(Carla’s Song, 1996)ޔޡࡑࠗࡀࡓ࡚ࠗ࠭ࠫޢ(My Name Is Joe, 1998)ޔޡ㤈ߩⓄࠍ ࠁࠄߔ㘑ޢ(The Wind That Shakes the Barle, 2006)ߣߞߚຠߢޔ৻⽾ߒߡഭ⠪㓏⚖߿⒖᳃
ߥߤ␠ળ⊛ᒙ⠪ߩᣣᏱ↢ᵴࠍࠕ࡞ߦឬ߈ޔ࠼ࠠࡘࡔࡦ࠲ᤋ↹ߩવ⛔ࠍฃߌ⛮ߢ߅ ࠅޔ㜞⹏ଔࠍᓧߡࠆޕߕࠇ߽ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥਥ㗴߿⢛᥊ߦข᧚ߒޔᤋ⊛ߦ߽⇣ߥߞߚ ᚻᴺࠍ↪ߥ߇ࠄޔ⍦⋫߿㗴ࠍᛴ߃ߚᣣߩࠗࠡࠬ␠ળߣߘߎߦߚߊ߹ߒߊ↢߈ࠆᏒ
ߩੱޘ߇ឬ߆ࠇߡࠆޕߎࠇࠄߩຠ⟲ߪޔഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩࠕ࠭ࡓࠍߒߚޟࡉ
࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘ࠾ࡘ࠙ࠚࠗࡧޠߩ․ᓽߣ㘃ૃߒߡ߅ࠅޔᡰ㈩ߩᛥߦኻߔࠆ␠ળ⊛
ᒙ⠪ߩᛶ᛫߇⽎ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߩ♖ߪ⛮ᛚߐࠇߡࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ 㧔㧞㧕ޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠ⽎
ޟഭ⠪㓏⚖ᤋ↹ޠ߇㓉⋓ߒߡߚ 90 ᐕઍਛᦼޔࠗࠡࠬߩ㖸ᭉࠪࡦߢߪ 60ᐕઍߩ ޟࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘࠗࡦࡧࠚ࡚ࠗࠫࡦޠࠍᓌᓓߣߐߖࠆޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠ(Brit Pop)ߣ
߁ࡐࡇࡘ㖸ᭉ⽎߇ߎߞߡߚޕޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠߣߪޔ93ᐕ߆ࠄ96ᐕ㗃ߦ ߆ߌߡߎߞߚ60ᐕઍߩࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘࡠ࠶ࠢߩ⟤ߒࡔࡠ࠺ࠖ߿વ⛔⊛ߥࠡ࠲ࠨ
࠙ࡦ࠼ࠍ࡞࠷ߣߔࠆᓳฎ⊛ߥࡐࡇࡘࡒࡘࠫ࠶ࠢࡓࡧࡔࡦ࠻ࠍᜰߔ(Harris, Britpop! 202)ޕߘߩઍ⊛ߥࡠ࠶ࠢࡃࡦ࠼ߪࡑࡦ࠴ࠚࠬ࠲ߩഭ⠪㓏⚖りߩࠝࠕࠪࠬ
(Oasis, 1994-2009)ߢࠅޔߘߩࠗࡃ࡞ߣߐࠇߚࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߩਛ↥㓏⚖りߩࡉ(Blur,
1990-2003)ߢࠆޕࡐࡇࡘ㖸ᭉผ⊛ߦߪޔޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠߪ90ᐕઍೋ㗡ߦ⧷☨ߩ
ࡅ࠶࠻࠴ࡖ࠻ࠍᏨᏎߒߚ࠾࡞ࡧࠔ࠽(Nirvana, 1989-94)ߦઍߐࠇࠆࠕࡔࠞߩࠝ࡞࠲
࠽࠹ࠖࡧࡠ࠶ࠢޟࠣࡦࠫޠ(Grunge)߳ߩേޔߟ߹ࠅߪࠕࡔࠞᢥൻ߳ߩᛶ᛫ߣࡉ࠹
ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘࡀࠬ߳ߩ࿁Ꮻߣߒߡ⺆ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ(Harris, Britpop! 87-100)ޕ94ᐕߦࡠ࠶ࠢ⇇
ߩࠞࠬࡑ⊛ሽߢߞߚ࠾࡞ࡧࠔ࠽ߩࡈࡠࡦ࠻ࡑࡦޔࠞ࠻ࠦࡃࡦ(Kurt Cobain,
1967-94)߇ 27 ᱦߩ⧯ߐߢ⥄Ვߒޔࠣࡦࠫࡉࡓ߇৻᳇ߦᓇࠍẜࠆߣޔવ⛔⊛ߥࡉ
࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘࠨ࠙ࡦ࠼ࠍో㕙⊛ߦߒߒߚຠߢ㗡ⷺࠍߒߚࠝࠕࠪࠬߣࡉ߇㖸ᭉ
ࠪࡦߦ㐿ߚⓣࠍၒࠆᒻߣߥߞߚޕߣ߽ߦ94ᐕߦ⊒ᄁߐࠇߚࠝࠕࠪࠬߩࡈࠔࠬ࠻
ࠕ࡞ࡃࡓޡ࠺ࡈࠖ࠾࠻ࡔࠗࡆޢ(Definitely Maybe, 1994)ޔࡉߩࠨ࠼ࠕ࡞ࡃ ࡓޡࡄࠢࠗࡈޢ(Park Life, 1994)ߪో⧷࠴ࡖ࠻1ࠍ₪ᓧߒޔਔ⠪ߪޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ
࠶ࡊޠࠍઍߔࠆੑᄢࡃࡦ࠼ߣߒߡำ⥃ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅޔޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠߩᢥൻ⊛ࠗ
ࠦࡦߣߥߞߚޕ
ޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠ⽎ߦ߅ߡޔᦨ߽ฬߥߩߪੱ᳇ࠍੑಽߒߡߚࠝࠕࠪࠬߩࠪ
ࡦࠣ࡞ޟࡠ࡞࠙ࠖ࠭ࠗ࠶࠻ޠ(“Roll With It”, 1995)ߣࡉߩࠪࡦࠣ࡞ޟࠞࡦ࠻ࡂ
࠙ࠬޠ(“Country House”, 1995)߇95ᐕ814ᣣߦหᣣ⊒ᄁߐࠇޔ࠴ࡖ࠻ߢ৻㛉ᛂߜࠍ Ṷߓߚޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊᚢޠ(The Battle of Britpop)ߢࠆޕᣇߩࡌ࡞߇ᐢ๔ትવ ߩᚢ⇛ߣߒߡหᣣ⊒ᄁࠍቯߔࠆߣޔࠗࠡࠬߩ㖸ᭉޡ࠾ࡘࡒࡘࠫࠞ࡞ࠛࠢࠬ
ࡊࠬޢ(New Musical Express, 1952-)߇ޔਔ⠪ߩኻࠍޟࠗࠡࠬࡋࡆ⚖࠴ࡖࡦࡇࠝ
ࡦࠪ࠶ࡊ㧛ࡉኻࠝࠕࠪࠬޠ(“British Heavyweight Championship 㧛 Blur vs Oasis”)ߣࡏࠢ
ࠪࡦࠣߦ┙ߡߡᄢޘ⊛ߦขࠅߍߚߎߣࠍ⊒┵ߦޔߎߩ㛍േߪࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߦ߽ᾜࠄࠇߡޟർ ㇱࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼㧛ධㇱࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼ޠޔޟഭ⠪㓏⚖㧛ਛ↥㓏⚖ޠߣ߁ᔟߥℂ⊛㓏
⚖⊛᭴࿑߆ࠄޔ㓏⚖㑵ࠍౣΆߐߖޔ␠ળ⽎ߣߥߞߚޕਔ⠪߇ഭ⠪㓏⚖ߣਛ↥㓏⚖ࠍ
102
⽎ᓽߔࠆሽߢࠆߎߣߪޔຠ߿ᡰᜬጀ߆ࠄ߽ࠄ߆ߢߞߚޕ߃߫ޔࠝࠕࠪࠬߩࠪ
ࡦࠣ࡞ޟ࠼ࡦ࠻࡞࠶ࠢࡃ࠶ࠢࠗࡦࠕࡦࠟޠ(“Don’t Look Back in Anger”, 1996)ߪޔ ߘߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߆ࠄߒߡഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩᔶࠅࠍઍᑯߒߚ50ᐕઍߩޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߩᣛᚻࠝ
࠭ࡏࡦߩᚨᦛޡᔶࠅࠍㄟߡᝄࠅࠇޢࠍᒝߊᗧ⼂ߒߡࠆޕ৻ᣇߢޔࡉߩޟࠞࡦ
࠻ࡂ࠙ࠬޠߪ↰ᣇߩࠞࡦ࠻ࡂ࠙ࠬߢࡃࠞࡦࠬࠍ⻭ߔࠆਛ↥㓏⚖⊛ଔ୯ⷰࠍ
⒓⾥ߒߡࠆޕਔ⠪ߩଔ୯ⷰߩ⋧㆑ߪ㖸ᭉᕈએᄖߩ႐㕙ߢ߽㕙ൻߒޔ60 ᐕઍߩࡆ࠻࡞
࠭ߣࡠࡦࠣࠬ࠻ࡦ࠭એ᧪ߩᱧผ⊛ߥ⎽ၫߣ⸒ࠊࠇߚޕ
ޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊᚢޠߪࡉ߇ 1 ޔࠝࠕࠪࠬ߇ 2 ߣ߁⚿ᨐߛߞߚ߇ޔᦨ⚳
⊛ߦߪࠝࠕࠪࠬ߇หᐕߦ⊒ߒߚࠞࡦ࠼ࠕ࡞ࡃࡓޡࡕ࠾ࡦࠣࠣࡠޢ((What’s the Story) Morning Glory?, 1995)߇ࠗࠡࠬߢߪᱧઍᦨ㜞ߩᄁࠅߍࠍ⸥㍳ߒޔࠕࡔࠞߢ߽ࠗ
ࠡࠬߩࡃࡦ࠼ߣߒߡߪ⇣ߩో☨࠴ࡖ࠻ 4 ߦࠆߥߤో⇇ߢ࠻࠲࡞࡞ࠬ
1,900ਁᨎએࠍᄁࠅߍޔ96ᐕ8ߦߪ2ᣣ㑆ߢ25ਁੱࠍേຬߒߚࠗࠡࠬผᦨᄢⷙ
ᮨߩࠗࡉࠍࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ㇠ᄖߩࡀࡉࡢࠬߢⴕޔฬታߦࠗࠡࠬߩ࠻࠶ࡊࡃࡦ࠼ߦ⊓ࠅ
ߚߎߣߢᄢൎࠍߚߣ߁⸃߇৻⥸⊛ߢࠆޕ㧝㧜
ߎߩޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊᚢޠࠍࡇࠢߦޔޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠߪㅌߩ৻ㅜࠍㄡߞߡ
ߊߎߣߦߥࠆޕࠝࠕࠪࠬߣࡉߩኻߩ⚿ᨐ߇ߤ߁ࠇޔޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠ⽎ߪ ᧄ⺰ߢᐲ߽ㅀߴߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߥᶖ⾌␠ળߩਛߢޟຠൻߐࠇߚᢥൻޠߩౖဳߦઁߥࠄߥޕ ࡑࠬࠦࡒߩᬺ⊛ᗧ࿑ߦࠃߞߡ⚵߹ࠇߚኻߩ⥰บߦࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚਔ⠪ߪޔޟࡉ࠶࠻
ࡐ࠶ࡊޠ⽎ߩᦨᄢߩഞഭ⠪ߢࠅߥ߇ࠄޔᦨᄢߩ‶†⠪ߢߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ߹ߚޔ ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߩᚸേ߇ߞߚߦߖࠃޔࠝࠕࠪࠬߣࡉ߇ഭ⠪㓏⚖ߣਛ↥㓏⚖ߩ㓏⚖㑆ઍℂ ᚢߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߒߚߎߣߪޔࠗࠡࠬ࿖᳃߇ᧂߛߦ㓏⚖ᗧ⼂ߦ᧤❈ߐࠇߡࠆ⸽ߥߩߢ
ࠆޕ
㧔㧟㧕ޟࠢ࡞ࡉ࠲࠾ࠕޠߩౝ᐀
ޟഭ⠪㓏⚖ᤋ↹ޠߩ㓉⋓߿ޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠߩⷓ⠪ߣߥߞߚޟഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩ⧷㓶ޠ ߢࠆࠝࠕࠪࠬ߇⽎ᓽߒߡࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ90 ᐕઍߪഭ⠪㓏⚖ߦశ߇Ꮕߒㄟߺߟߟߞߚޕ ߘࠇࠍ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦޔᢥൻߛߌߢߥߊޔᴦߦ߅ߡ߽ᄌ㕟߇ߎߞߡߚޕ97ᐕ5ߩ✚
ㆬߪޔᚢᓟೋߡ400ࠍ߃ࠆ⼏Ꮸࠍ₪ᓧߒߚഭౄߩᱧผ⊛ᄢൎߦ⚳ࠊߞߚޕޟ࠾ࡘ
ࠗࡃޠ(New Labour)ࠍឝߍߚ⧯߈ౄ㚂࠻࠾ࡉࠕ(Tony Blair, 1953-)߇ࠨ࠶࠴ࡖㄉ છᓟߦౄᮭࠍᒁ߈⛮ߛ࡚ࠫࡦࡔࠫࡖ(John Major, 1943-)ࠍ⎕ࠅޔ㚂⋧ߦዞછ ߒߚޕ18 ᐕ߱ࠅߦᮭઍࠍᨐߚߒߚഭౄߪޔᣥ᧪ߩഭౄߩ␠ળ᳃ਥਥ⟵ࠍၮゲߣߒ ߥ߇ࠄ߽ޔౄߩᏒ႐ේℂਥ⟵ࠍㇱಽ⊛ߦዉߒߚᴦ〝✢ߢࠆޟ╙3ߩޠ(the third
way) ࠍឭ໒ߒߡߚޕ㧝㧝ߘߩᣇะᕈ߇ഞࠍᄼߒޔ97ᐕ೨ᓟߩࠗࠡࠬߪޟࠗࠡࠬ∛ޠࠍ
సߒߡ㐳ᐕߩ⚻ᷣ⊛ૐㅅ߆ࠄᛮߌߒޔᅢ᥊᳇ࠍ⢛᥊ߦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߢߪ⧯⠪ᢥൻ߇ᵴ᳇ߠ
ߡߚޕ90ᐕઍᓟඨߩࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߪޔᏢ࿖⊛⯯㘼ߦḩߜߚࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼ਛᔃߩ80ᐕઍ⊛ߥ
࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࠭ࡓࠍ⣕ළߒޔ⇇ߦำ⥃ߔߴߊࠣࡠࡃ࡞ߥ⾗ᧄਥ⟵߳ෳߒߡߊޕߎߩ
ᤨᦼߦޔ⧯ޘߒߊ߆ߟ࠻ࡦ࠺ࠖߥࠗࠡࠬࠍ⽎ᓽߔࠆࠠࡖ࠶࠴ࡈ࠭ߣߒߡޔޟࠢ
࡞ࡉ࠲࠾ࠕޠ(Cool Britannia)ߣ߁߇ޔ࡙࠾ࠝࡦࠫࡖ࠶ࠢߣ࠶࠻ߢ࿖ౝᄖߩࡔ
࠺ࠖࠕߦࠃߞߡ༗વߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡߞߚޕ
103
ޟࠢ࡞ࡉ࠲࠾ࠕޠߣ߁ࡈ࠭ߪޔ1740 ᐕߦᦛߐࠇߚࠗࠡࠬߩᗲ࿖ޟ࡞
࡞ࡉ࠲࠾ࠕޠߩࡄࡠ࠺ࠖߢࠆ߇ޔߘࠇߪࠕࡔࠞߩㅳೀޡ࠾ࡘ࠭࠙ࠖࠢޢ (Newsweek)߇96ᐕ114ᣣภߩ⚕ߢޟࡠࡦ࠼ࡦᑼޠ(“London Rules”)ߣ㗴ߔࠆߒࠍឝ ߍޔࡠࡦ࠼ࡦࠍޟߢᦨ߽ࠢ࡞ߥㇺᏒޠ(“the coolest city on the planet”)ߣߒߡ․㓸ߒ ߚߎߣߦ↱᧪ߒߡࠆ(34)ޕߎࠇߦ⛯ߌߡޔࠕࡔࠞߩೀޡࡧࠔ࠾࠹ࠖࡈࠚࠕޢ(Vanity
Fair, 1983-)ߪ66ᐕߩޡ࠲ࠗࡓޢࠍᗧ⼂ߒߡޔ97ᐕ3ภߩ⚕ߦޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠣߔࠆࡠࡦ
࠼ࡦ㧍ౣ߮㧍ޠ(“London Swings! Again!”)ߣ㗴ߔࠆߒࠍឝߍޔ60ᐕઍߩޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦ
ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠࠍᒁ߈วߦߒޔߘߩౣ᧪ߦᦼᓙࠍነߖߥ߇ࠄޔޟࠢ࡞ࡉ࠲࠾ࠕޠߣ
߁ᣂ↢ࠗࠡࠬߩࡉࡦ࠼ࠗࡔࠫߩᣂߣ⧯⠪ᢥൻߩ⺀↢ࠍ᱑ㄫߒߡࠆޕ
Contemporary London deserves its own chirpy Pathé newsreel, for any mental images we have of a “swinging” London, of a city in glorious thrall to a thriving youth culture, are indelibly 60s ones: (1)
90 ᐕઍඨ߫ߦߪޔ㖸ᭉ⇇ߩޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠߦᔕߔࠆ߆ߩࠃ߁ߦޔߐ߹ߑ߹ߥᢥൻ 㗔ၞߢ⧯ᚽ⢻߇⊓႐ߒߡࠆޕᤋ↹⇇ߢߪޔ೨ㅀߒߚߣ߅ࠅޟഭ⠪㓏⚖ᤋ↹ޠ߇ੱ᳇
ࠍ㓸ޔ࡙ࠕࡦࡑࠢࠟ(Ewan McGregor, 1971-)߿ࡠࡃ࠻ࠞࠗ࡞(Robert Carlyle,
1961-)ߣߞߚେఝ߇ᄢࡉࠗࠢߒߚޕࡈࠔ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ⇇ߢߪޔࠝ࠭ࡢ࡞࠼ࡏ࠹ࡦࠣ
(Ozwald Boateng, 1967-)߿ࠕࠠࠨࡦ࠳ࡑ࠶ࠢࠗࡦ(Alexander McQueen, 1969-2010)ߣ
ߞߚવ⛔ߩဳߦߪ߹ࠄߥ࠺ࠩࠗ࠽߇ߒߚޕࠕ࠻⇇ߢߪޔ95 ᐕߦ࠲࠽⾨ࠍ ฃ⾨ߒߚ࠳ࡒࠕࡦࡂࠬ࠻(Damien Hirst, 1965-)ߦઍߐࠇࠆޟࡗࡦࠣࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘ
ࠕ࠹ࠖࠬ࠻ޠ(YBAs: Young British Artists)߇ᄢ⢙ߥ⊒ᗐߣࡦ࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ߥ࠹ࡑߢ⣉
శࠍᶎ߮ߚޕ
⏕߆ߦޔࠄࠁࠆᢥൻ㗔ၞߢᣂߚߥേะ߇ࠄࠇߚߎߣߪޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠ ߣ৻⥌ߒߡࠆޕᓐࠄߩᚑഞߪࡆ࠻࡞࠭ޔࡑࠢࡢࡦ࠻ޔࡇ࠲ࡉࠗࠢߥߤ ޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩవ㚟⠪ߚߜࠍᗐߐߖࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕߘߩὐߢߪޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖ
ࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩౣ᧪ߣ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥޕߛ߇ޔߘࠇએߦ⥝
ᷓߎߣߪޔޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠࠍߪߓߣߔࠆޟࠢ࡞ࡉ࠲࠾ࠕޠߩ⧯⠪ᢥൻ߇
ᴦߣኒធߦ⚿߮ߟߡߚὐߦࠆޕޡࡧࠔ࠾࠹ࠖࡈࠚࠕޢߩޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠣߔࠆࡠࡦ࠼
ࡦ㧍ౣ߮㧍ޠߪޔ“That the phenomenon of Swinging London Mark II has arisen against the backdrop of Britain’s most important political contest in years has not been lost on the Conservative and Labour Parties.” (1) ߣޔߘߩ㑐ଥᕈࠍ㍈ߊᛮߡߚޕ
రᄢⴐ⚕⸥⠪ࠕࠬ࠲ࠠࡖࡦࡌ࡞(Alastair Campbell, 1957-)ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚഭౄߩㆬ
ෳ⻎ߚߜߪޔ᧪ࠆߴ߈✚ㆬߢࡉࠕࠍ㚂⋧ߦߔࠆߴߊޔ⧯⠪₪ᓧߩߚߦᒰᤨᦨ߽ࠢ
࡞ߥ⧯⠪ᢥൻߢߞߚޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠߦធ⸅ߒޔᓐࠄࠍᏁߺߦ↪ߔࠆࠗࡔࠫ
ᚢ⇛ࠍડߡࠆޕࠝࠕࠪࠬ߇ᦨఝ⑲ᣂੱ⾨ޔࡉ߇ᦨఝ⑲ࠕ࡞ࡃࡓ⾨ࠍฃ⾨ߒߚ94ᐕߩQ ࠕࡢ࠼⾨ᑼߦᏨߒߚࡉࠕߪࠬࡇ࠴ߢޔ“rock’n’roll is not just an important part of our culture, it’s an important part of our way of life. It’s an important industry; it’s an important employer of people; it’s immensely important to the future of this country.” (qtd. in Harris, Britpop!
191) ߣޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠࠍỗ⾨ߒޔ㖸ᭉޔᤋ↹ޔࠕ࠻ߣߞߚࠢࠛࠗ࠹ࠖࡧ↥ᬺ
104 ߩ╷⊛ᡰេࠍት⸒ߒߚޕ
ߎ߁ߒߡޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠߩᠩ⼔⠪ߣߥߞߚࡉࠕߪޔᵹⴕߩ⧯⠪ᢥൻࠍᏁߺߦㆬ
ࠠࡖࡦࡍࡦߦ↪ߒޔ⥄ࠄߩ⧯ߐ߿ࡌ࡞ߥ㔓࿐᳇ߣߣ߽ߦ࿖ኅߩ⧯ࠅࠍⷞ⡬ⷡ
⊛ߦ⸷߃ߚޕߘߩᓟ߽ࡉࠕߪࠝࠕࠪࠬ߿ࡉߩࡔࡦࡃߣ㗫❥ߦធ⸅ߒޔࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ㔺
ࠍჇടߐߖߚޕᒰᤨኻ┙ߒߡߚࠝࠕࠪࠬߣࡉߩਔ⠪ߦធㄭߒߚߩߪޔᓐࠄߩᡰᜬ ጀߢࠆഭ⠪㓏⚖ߣਛ↥㓏⚖ߩߤߜࠄߩ⧯⠪߽࿁ߒࠃ߁ߣ⋡⺰ࠎߢߚ߆ࠄߢࠈ ߁ޕ⚿ᨐ⊛ߦޔޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠߩᢥൻ⊛ࠗࠦࡦߪޟࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓޠߩ㜞⊛ߥ╷
߇ታᣉߐࠇߚ෩ߒᤨઍߦ㕍ᤐࠍㆊߏߒߚߎߣ߽ߞߡޔౄߣ߁ㅢߩᢜࠍᜬߟഭ
ౄߣ⚿߮ߟ߈ޔ⊹⡺ߦ߽ഭౄߩᮭᅓ࿁ߩ৻⠢ࠍᜂ߁ᐢ๔Ⴁߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߒߡߒ߹ߞߚ ߩߢࠆޕ
98 ᐕߦߪޔࠝࠕࠪࠬߩᄬㅦߣࡉߩ㖸ᭉᕈォะߦࠃߞߡޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠ⽎ߪ
⚳Ὣࠍㄫ߃ߚ߇ޔߘࠇߢ߽ࡉࠕߪޟࠢ࡞ࡉ࠲࠾ࠕޠࠍឝߍ⛯ߌߚޕࠗࠡࠬߩㅳ
ೀޡࠛࠦࡁࡒࠬ࠻ޢ(The Economist)ߪ98ᐕ314ᣣภߢ“Many people are already sick of the phrase ‘Cool Britannia’.” (1) ߣ㉃⹏ߒޔޟࠢ࡞ࡉ࠲࠾ࠕޠߪᱫ⺆ߦߥࠅߟߟߞߚޕޟࡉ
࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠߪ⍴ߥ⽎ߢߞߚ߇ޔὼߦ߽ᮭォ឵ᦼߣ㊀ߥߞߚޕߘߩߚഭ
ౄߩᴦ⊛ࡊࡠࡄࠟࡦ࠳ߦ↪ߐࠇߚޕ৻ᣇߢޔౄᮭਅߢᛥߐࠇߡߚ߽ߩ߇
৻᳇ߦ⊒ߒߚߣ߁ᣇࠍߔࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕߛ߇ޔޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠߪᴦ ߦࠦࡒ࠶࠻ߒߚᤨὐߢߦขࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡᡰ㈩ߐࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚޕߘࠇߪ60ᐕઍߩࡆ࠻
࡞࠭߿ࡑࠢࡢࡦ࠻ࠄ߇ޔ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠶ࠢߥᣂ↢ࠗࠡࠬߣ߁ᒰᤨߩࡂࡠ࡞࠼࠙ࠖ
࡞࠰ࡦ₸ࠆഭౄᮭߩ㗿ᦸߦขࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚߩߣหߓᚻᴺߢߞߚޕޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠ ࡦ࠼ࡦޠߣᲧセߐࠇߚޟࠢ࡞ࡉ࠲࠾ࠕޠߢࠆ߇ޔߘߩౝ᐀ߪᴦߦ↪ߐࠇߚ⡊
ᒰߚࠅߪ߇ޔታ⾰⊛ᗧࠍᜬߚߥࠨ࠙ࡦ࠼ࡃࠗ࠻ߛߞߚߩߢࠆޕ
߹ߚޔޟࠢ࡞ࡉ࠲࠾ࠕޠߪ࡙࠾ࠝࡦࠫࡖ࠶ࠢߩ᳚Ửߦߺࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ࿖᳃߇ࠗ
ࠡࠬߣ߁࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖࠍᒝߊᗧ⼂ߒߚ⽎ߢ߽ߞߚޕޡࡧࠔ࠾࠹
ࠖࡈࠚࠕޢߢߪޔ࡙࠾ࠝࡦࠫࡖ࠶ࠢߩࡌ࠶࠼ߢኢߘߴࠆࠝࠕࠪࠬߩࡏࠞ࡞ࠬ࠻ޔ
ࠕࡓࠡࡖࠟ(Liam Gallagher, 1972-)ߣᅚఝߩࡄ࠶࠷ࠖࠤࡦࠫ࠶࠻(Patsy Kensit, 1968-) ߇⚕ࠍ㘼ߞߡߚࠃ߁ߦޔᣂ↢ࠗࠡࠬߩ⺀↢ࠍ⽎ᓽߒߚ߆ߩࠃ߁ߦ߃ߚޕߘߩ৻ᣇ ߢޔᏢ࿖ߩ❗ዊ⸃ߪኈ⿔ߥߊㅴࠎߢߞߚޕ97ᐕ7ߦߪࠕࡋࡦᚢ߆ࠄታߦ155ᐕ ࠍ⚻ߡޔ㚅᷼߇ਛ࿖ߦㆶߐࠇߚޕ97 ᐕ 8 ߦߪ࠳ࠗࠕ࠽ࠬࡍࡦࠨ(Diana Spencer,
1961-97)ర₺ᅥ߇ਇᘦߩߢᱫߒޔ₺ቶߩ᳞ᔃജߪૐਅߒߚޕ98ᐕߦߪࠕࠗ࡞ࡦ࠼ߣ
ߩᐔߦߟߡߩޟࡌ࡞ࡈࠔࠬ࠻วᗧޠ(Belfast Agreement)߇⚿߫ࠇߚޕ99ᐕߦߪ࡛ࡠ࠶
ࡄㅪวߩන৻ㅢ⽻࡙ࡠዉߦߪෳടߒߥ߆ߞߚޕߎࠇࠄߩ᧪߆ࠄߪޔࠗࠡࠬ߇
߆ߦᏢ࿖ᗧ⼂ߦ᧤❈ߐࠇޔߘࠇࠍᛄߢ߈ߕߦࠆ߆߇ࠊ߆ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕߛ߇ޔ97 ᐕߦߪ࠽
࡚ࠪ࠽࠭ࡓ߇㜞឴ߒߡߚࠬࠦ࠶࠻ࡦ࠼ߣ࠙ࠚ࡞࠭ߦߘࠇߙࠇ⁛⥄ߩ⼏ળࠍ⸳⟎ߔ ࠆߎߣߩᤚ㕖ࠍ߁᳃ᛩ߇ⴕࠊࠇޔਔᣇߣ߽⾥ᚑᄙᢙࠍභޔ98 ᐕߦߪࠬࠦ࠶࠻
ࡦ࠼ߢޔ99 ᐕߦߪ࠙ࠚ࡞࠭ߢ㒢ቯ⊛ߥ߇ࠄ⁛⥄ߩ┙ᴺⴕᯏ⢻ࠍߔࠆ⼏ળ߇ᓳᵴߒ ߚޕ߹ߚޔᱧผቇ⠪ࡁࡑࡦ࠺ࠗࡧࠖࠬ(Norman Davies, 1939-)ߪࠬࡐ࠷ߩ࿖㓙ᄢળߦ߅ ߌࠆ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߩᄌㆫࠍಽᨆߒޔ66 ᐕߩࡢ࡞࠼ࠞ࠶ࡊߢߪࠗࡦࠣ
ࡦ࠼ߩࠨࡐ࠲ߪ࡙࠾ࠝࡦࠫࡖ࠶ࠢࠍᝄߞߡߚ߇ޔ98 ᐕߩࡢ࡞࠼ࠞ࠶ࡊߢߪ߶ߣ ࠎߤ߇ࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼࿖ᣛߦᄌࠊߞߡߚߣᜰ៰ߔࠆ(5)ޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔㅪว₺࿖ߩ⸃ߪട
105
ㅦᐲ⊛ߦㅴࠎߢ߅ࠅޔ࡙࠾ࠝࡦࠫࡖ࠶ࠢࠍߋࠆ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߪߘࠇ ߙࠇߩ࿖ኅ᳃ᣖ㑆ߢⷡ㉕ߒߟߟࠅޔߘߩౣ✬ߪ᳃ਥൻߩࡊࡠࠬߣ⸒߃ࠆߩߢࠆޕ
㧡㧚00ᐕઍ
㧔㧝㧕ࠕࡔࠞหᤨᄙ⊒࠹ࡠ
00ᐕઍߦ߅ߡ⇇ߦᦨ߽ⴣ᠄ࠍਈ߃ߚ᧪߇ޔ2001ᐕ911ᣣߦ⊒↢ߒߚࠕࡔࠞ
หᤨᄙ⊒࠹ࡠߛߞߚߎߣߦ⇣⺰ࠍ⠪ߪߥߛࠈ߁ޕࠕࡔࠞⓨࠍ㘧ⴕਛߩ 4 ߟߩ
᳃㑆ᣏቴᯏ߇࠹ࡠࠬ࠻ߦࠃߞߡ߶߷หᤨߦࡂࠗࠫࡖ࠶ࠢߐࠇޔ2ᯏ߇࠾ࡘ࡛ࠢߩ⇇
⾏ᤃࡦ࠲ࡆ࡞ߦޔ1ᯏ߇㚂ㇺࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦߩ࿖㒐✚⋭ࡆ࡞ߦ⓭ߒޔ߽߁1ᯏ߇ࡇ࠶࠷ࡃ
ࠣ㇠ᄖߦ⪭ߒޔ3,000 ੱએߩᱫ⠪ࠍߒߚߎߣߪੱޘߩ⸥ᙘߦᷓߊೞ߹ࠇߡࠆޕ ⶄᢙߩ࠹ࡠ߇⍴ᤨ㑆ߦㅪ⛯ߒߡ⊒↢ߒߚผᦨᄢߩⷙᮨߩ࠹ࡠઙߪޔ࠹ࡆߢ⇇ਛߦ
↢ਛ⛮ߐࠇޔᖱႎߪ㍲⛱ߒޔ࿖㓙␠ળߪᷙੂߦ㒱ߞߚޕ
৻ႎࠍฃߌߚ࡚ࠫࠫ࠙ࠜࠞࡉ࠶ࠪࡘ(George Walker Bush, 1946-)ᄢ⛔㗔ߪ㕖Ᏹ
ᘒት⸒ࠍߒޔ✕ᕆ⊛ߦァᒝൻࠍⴕޔㅪ㇌ᝡᩏዪ(FBI)ߦઙߩᝡᩏࠍᜰ␜ߒߚޕߎߩ
࠹ࡠߦኻߒߡߪޔ࿖㓙⊛ߥ⊒߽ᄢ߈߆ߞߚޕ࿖ㅪߪ912ᣣߦ࠹ࡠߩ⢿ᆭߦኻߒߡޔ
ࠄࠁࠆᚻᲑࠍ↪ߡ㑵߁ߣߒߚ࿖㓙ㅪวో㓚ℂળ⼏ࠍోળ৻⥌ߢណᛯߒߚޕหᣣ ߦࡉ࠶ࠪࡘߪޔࠗࠡࠬߩࡉࠕ㚂⋧ޔࡈࡦࠬߩࠪࠢᄢ⛔㗔ޔࡠࠪࠕߩࡊ࠴ࡦᄢ⛔
㗔ޔਛ⪇ੱ᳃࿖ߩᳯᴛ᳃࿖ኅਥᏨࠄ 4 ੱߩᏱછℂ࿖㚂⣖ߣ㔚ળ⺣ߒޔ࠹ࡠኻ╷ߢ ߩ㑵ߦวᗧߒߚޕหᤨߦޔർᄢᵗ᧦⚂ᯏ᭴ (NATO) ߣࡠࠪࠕ߽ޔ࿖㓙␠ળ߇⚿᧤ߒߡ
࠹ࡠߣᚢ߁ߴ߈ߣ߁⿰ᣦߩหჿࠍ⊒ߒߚޕ
࿖㓙␠ળߩᓟߒࠍฃߌߚࠕࡔࠞߪޔߎߩ࠹ࡠ߇ࠨ࠙ࠫࠕࡆࠕੱߩࠝࠨࡑࡆࡦ
࠺ࠖࡦ(Usāma bin Lādin, 1957-2011)ࠍ࠳ߣߔࠆࠗࠬࡓㆊỗᵷߩ࿖㓙࠹ࡠ⚵❱ࠕ࡞
ࠞࠗ࠳(Al-Qaeda)ߦࠃߞߡ⸘↹ታⴕߐࠇߚߣᢿቯߒޔ01ᐕ10ߦࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦࠍ᠄
ߒߡ࠲ࡃࡦ(Taliban)ᮭࠍ፣უߐߖߚޕߐࠄߦޔࠕࡔࠞߪ02ᐕ 1ߦࠗࠢࠍࠗࡦ
߿ർᦺ㞲ߣਗ߱ޟᖡߩᨔゲޠ(axis of evil)ߣฬᜰߒߢᛕ್ߒߚߢޔ03ᐕ3ߦࠗࠢ߇ᄢ
㊂⎕უེࠍ㓝ߒߡࠆߣ⏕⸒ߒߡ᠄ࠍ㐿ᆎߒޔࠨ࠳ࡓࡈࠗࡦ(Saddam Hussein,
1937-2006)ᮭࠍ፣უߐߖߚޕߘߩ㓙ޔࡉ࠶ࠪࡘߪ⇇ᐔࠍ፣უߐߖࠆᣂߚߥ⢿ᆭߩ
ࠍℂ↱ߦޔޟࡉ࠶ࠪࡘ࠼ࠢ࠻ࡦޠ(Bush Doctrine)ߣ߫ࠇࠆో㓚╷ࠍ⊒ߒޔవ
᠄ࠍᱜᒰൻߒߚޕࠕ࡞ࠞࠗ࠳ߪࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦߩ࠲ࡃࡦᮭߣᷓ㑐ଥߦࠅޔࠗ
ࠢߣ߽㑐ଥߒߡࠆߣ߁ࠗࡔࠫᒻᚑ߇ࠕࡔࠞߩ⺰ࠍァⴕേᡰᜬߦዉߊ⚿ᨐߣߥ ߞߚ߇ޔ⚿ᨐ⊛ߦࠗࠢߪࠕ࡞ࠞࠗ࠳ߣή㑐ଥߢߞߚ߫߆ࠅ߆ޔᄢ㊂⎕უེ߽⊒ߐ ࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕࠗࠢᚢߩᄢ⟵ฬಽߪᄬࠊࠇޔ⚂4,500ੱࠍ߃ࠆࠕࡔࠞߣផቯ15ਁ
ੱߦ߽ࠆࠗࠢ᳃㑆ੱߩᱫߣ߁ዅ‶†ߛߌ߇↢߹ࠇߚߩߢࠆޕߎߩవ᠄⺰ߪ ໑৻ߩᄢ࿖ࠕࡔࠞߩᄖᚢ⇛ߦߒ߫ߒ߫ࠇࠆන⁛ⴕേਥ⟵ߩᑧ㐳✢ߦࠅޔߘࠇ ߦㅊᓥߔࠆᒻߢេ⼔᠄ߒߚࠗࠡࠬߣߣ߽ߦޔㅒߦ࿖㓙␠ળߩ⒎ᐨࠍੂߔ߽ߩߢߞߚ ߎߣߦ⇼ߪߥߛࠈ߁ޕ
ᒰὼޔ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߩ┙႐߆ࠄߪࡁࡓ࠴࡚ࡓࠬࠠ(Noam Chomsky, 1928-)߿ࠛ࠼ࡢ࠼
ࠨࠗ࠼ޔࠬࠩࡦ࠰ࡦ࠲ࠣߣߞߚࠕࡔࠞࠍઍߔࠆ⍮⼂ੱ߇ࡉ࠶ࠪࡘᮭߩァ
ⴕേࠍ㕖㔍ߒޔ⸒⺰ߩജߢᐔ⊛⸃ࠍߑߒޔ⺰ࠍᄌ߃ߡߊᵴേ߽ᵴ⊒ൻߒߡߞ
106
ߚޕᣣߢߪޔߎߩ࠹ࡠઙߪࠕࡔࠞ߇࿖㓙⊛ⷓᮭࠍ⛽ᜬᒝൻߔࠆߚߦ⚵ࠎߛ⥄
⥄Ṷߛߞߚߩߢߪߥ߆ߣ߁㒶⻎⺰߽ᶋߒߡࠆ߇ޔ⌀⋧ߪቯ߆ߢߪߥޕߚߛ 1 ߟ⸒߃ࠆߩ߇ޔࠕࡔࠞߣࠗࠬࡓߩኻ┙߇⽎ߒߡࠆߩߪޔᴦޔ⚻ᷣޔቬᢎޔᢥൻ ߣߞߚࠄࠁࠆ␠ળ⊛ⷐ⚛߇ⶄ㔀ߦ⛊ߺวߞߚ࿖㓙㗴ߥߩߢࠅޔࠣࡠࡃ࡞ൻߔࠆ
ઍ␠ળߦߣߞߡㅢߩੱ㘃⊛⺖㗴ߢࠆߣ߁ߎߣߛޕ 㧔㧞㧕ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦหᤨᄙ⊒࠹ࡠ
ࠕࡔࠞหᤨᄙ⊒࠹ࡠઙߩᕟᔺ߇ᶖ߃ᱛ߹ߥ2005ᐕ77ᣣޔࡠࡦ࠼ࡦหᤨᄙ⊒࠹
ࡠ߇⊒↢ߒޔౣ߮⇇ࠍ㔡ᠥߐߖߚޕᦺߩㅢൕᤨ㑆Ꮺߩࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߢޔޘߩ〝✢ࠍߞߡ
ߚਅ㋕3 บ߇หᤨߦ⎕ߐࠇޔߘߩ⚂ 1ᤨ㑆ᓟߦߪࠠࡦࠣ࠭ࠢࡠࠬ㚞ߦ߶ߤㄭ࠲
ࡧࠖࠬ࠻࠶ࠢࠬࠢ࠙ࠚࠕߢࡠࡦ࠼ࡦฬ‛ߩ⿒ 2 㓏ᑪߡࡃࠬ߇⊒ޔἻߒߚޕࠗࠬ
ࡓᢎᓤࡓࠬࡓߦࠃࠆߎߩ⥄࠹ࡠઙߪޔ52ฬߩᱫ⠪ߣ770ฬએߩ⽶்⠪ࠍߔᖤ
ߣߥߞߚޕࠗࠡࠬ࿖᳃ߦߣߞߡߐࠄߦⴣ᠄⊛ߛߞߚߩߪޔߘߩታⴕ‽߇ᄖ࿖ߩ࠹ࡠ⚵❱
ߣߞߚᄖㇱ߆ࠄߩઁ⠪ߢߪߥߊޔࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼ർㇱߩㇺᏒ࠭ߦࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦ♽ࠗ
ࠡࠬੱ2 ߣࠫࡖࡑࠗࠞ♽ࠗࠡࠬੱ 2 ࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜߩࠣ࡞ࡊߛߞߚߎߣ ߛࠈ߁ޕࠗࠡࠬߢ↢߹ࠇ⢒ߜޔ⧷⺆ࠍᵹᥰߦߔ⧯⠪ߚߜ߇ޔߥߗหߓࠗࠡࠬ࿖᳃ߦ ኻߒߡࠍะߌޔ⥄ࠄࠍ⛘ߞߚߩߛࠈ߁߆ޕ
ࠗࠡࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ⒖᳃㗴ߪᩮ߇ᷓߊޔޟᄙᢥൻਥ⟵ޠ(multiculturalism)ࠍߋࠆ␠ળ⊛⺰
ߪᚢᓟߩ⤘ᄢߥ⒖᳃ᵹએ㒠ޔᦨ߽ំࠇേߡࠆ࠹ࡑߩ1ߟߢࠆޕ㧝㧞2001ᐕߩࠗ
ࠡࠬ࿖⺞ᩏߦࠃࠆߣޔ✚ੱญߪ⚂ 5,878 ਁੱߢޔ߁ߜ⦡♽ߩභࠆഀวߪ⚂ 7.9%ߢ
⚂ 460 ਁੱߢࠅޔ⦡♽ߩౝ⸶ߪࠗࡦ࠼߿ࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦ߿ࡃࡦࠣ࠺ࠪࡘߣߞߚධࠕࠫ
ࠕ♽߇⚂208ਁੱޔࠞࡉ♽㤥ੱ߇⚂56ਁੱޔࠕࡈࠞ♽㤥ੱ߇⚂48ਁੱޔਛ࿖♽߇⚂
25ਁੱޔߘߩઁߣߥߞߡࠆޕᱧผ⊛ߦߺࠇ߫ޔ1951ᐕߪ⚂3ਁੱޔ61ᐕߪ⚂40ਁੱޔ 71ᐕߪ⚂140ਁੱޔ81ᐕߪ210ਁੱޔ91ᐕߪ⚂300ਁੱߢࠅޔ㛳⇣⊛ߥࡍࠬߢỗჇߒ ߡࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆޕỗჇߩℂ↱ߪޔ㜞↢₸ߣᶏᄖ߆ࠄߩ⒖⠪ߩჇടߢࠅޔ⒖᳃
ߪ߽ߪ߿ࠛࠬ࠾࠶ࠢࡑࠗࡁ࠹ࠖߣߪ⸒㔍᭽⋧ࠍ๒ߒߡࠆޕߎߩ࠺࠲߆ࠄ߽
ࠄ߆ߥࠃ߁ߦޔࠗࠡࠬߪࠊߕ߆ඨ♿ߩ㑆ߦ࿖᳃ߩᄢᄙᢙ߇⊕ੱ⒳ߢߞߚห⾰⊛␠ળ ߆ࠄޔᄙ᳃ᣖᄙᢥൻ␠ળ߳ߣᄌ⽩ߒߡߞߚߩߢࠅޔ߹߿࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߩਛߢ߽ࡈ
ࡦࠬߦਗ߱ᄙ᳃ᣖ࿖ኅߥߩߢࠆޕ
ࠗࠡࠬߦ߅ߌࠆߩᄙ᳃ᣖ⊛⁁ᴫߪޔᄢ⧷Ꮲ࿖ߩᱧผߣ࿕ߊ⚿߮ߟߡࠆޕᚢᓟޔ 47ᐕߩࠗࡦ࠼ߣࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦߩ⁛┙ࠍ⊹ಾࠅߦ50ᐕઍ߆ࠄ60ᐕઍߦ߆ߌߡߪࠗࠡࠬߩ⛔
ᴦਅߦߞߚࠕࠫࠕޔࠕࡈࠞޔࠞࡉၞߩᬀ᳃ߩᄙߊ߇⁛┙ࠍᨐߚߒߚޕᚢᓟߩ
⦡♽⒖᳃ߩᄢඨߪޔߘ߁ߞߚࠦࡕࡦ࠙ࠚ࡞ࠬ⻉࿖߆ࠄߩ⒖᳃ߢߞߚޕ48 ᐕߩޟࠗࠡ
ࠬ࿖☋ᴺޠ(British Nationality Act)ߦࠃߞߡࠗࠡࠬ࿖☋ࠍᓧߚ⒖᳃ߩᄙߊߪޔ⁛┙೨ᓟߩᷙ
ੂ߿ᴦ⊛ᒢ߆ࠄㅏࠇࠆߚߦޔࠆߪ߿ቯߒߚ↢ᵴⅣႺࠍ᳞ߡޔ߆ߟߡߩ ቬਥ࿖ߦ⒖ߒߡ߈ߚߩߢࠆޕฃߌࠇߢࠆࠗࠡࠬߪᄢᚢᓟߩ↥ᬺ⊒ዷߩㆊ⒟ߢ
ଔߥഭജࠍᔅⷐߣߒߡߚޕਔ⠪ߩ㔛ⷐߣଏ⛎ߪ৻⥌ߒߡߚ߇ޔᒰೋ߆ࠄࠗࠡࠬ
ᐭߪౄ߿ഭౄߩߕࠇߩᮭਅߦ߅ߡ߽ޔẜ⊛ߥੱ⒳⊛߆ࠄ⦡⒖᳃ߩ Ⴧടߦߪ ᔨࠍᛴߡ߅ࠅޔᄙ᳃ᣖ↢ߩ㒢⇇ࠍㅘ߆ߒߡߚᗵ߽ࠆޕ
107
ታޔ⦡⒖᳃ߪࠕࠗ࡞ࡦ࠼߿࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄᄢ㒽߆ࠄߩ⒖᳃ߦᲧߴࠆߣᢙߩߢߪߒ ߡᄙߊߪߥ߆ߞߚߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔหൻ߇࿎㔍ߢᄬᬺ₸߇㜞ߊޔ‽⟋₸ߩ߿↢ᵴ⼔
ᏪߩჇടߦߟߥ߇ࠆߣ߁ౖဳ⊛ߥੱ⒳Ꮕ⊛⸒⺑߇ሽߒߡߚޕߎ߁ߒߚ ᔨߦᜉ ゞࠍ߆ߌࠆ৻ⷐ࿃ߣߥߞߚߩ߇ޔ58 ᐕߦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߢߎߞߚࡁ࠶࠹ࠖࡦࠣࡅ࡞ੱ⒳േ
ߢޔࡄࡉߢߩੜ⚦ߥญ⺰߆ࠄ㤥ੱ߇⊕ੱࠍೝߒߚߎߣࠍ߈ߞ߆ߌߦޔ࠹࠺ࠖࡏࠗߥߤ
⊕ੱߩਇ⦟ዋᐕ߇㤥ੱ⒖᳃ࠍήᏅߦⷅ᠄ߔࠆ㤥ੱ⁚ࠅ߇ᮮⴕߒޔޟࠗࠡࠬࠍ⊕ߊߣ ߁ޠ(“Keep Britain White”)ߣ߁ឃᢺㆇേߦ߹ߢ⊒ዷߒߚޕ
62ᐕߦߪޟࠗࠡࠬㅪ㇌⒖᳃ᴺޠ(Commonwealth Immigrants Act)ࠍቯߒޔታ⾰⊛ߦߪ
⦡⒖᳃ࠍⷙߔࠆᣇะߦㅴࠎߢߞߚ߇ޔㅒߦ㚟ߌㄟߺ࿖ߢ⦡⒖᳃ߪߐࠄߦჇടߒޔ 65ᐕߦޟੱ⒳㑐ଥᴺޠ(Race Relations Act)ࠍቯߒߡੱ⒳Ꮕߩᤚᱜࠍ⹜ߺࠆ߽ޔੱ⒳㑆ߩ ゟ߇ᶖ߃ࠆߎߣߪߥ߆ߞߚޕߘ߁ߒߚ⁁ᴫࠍ〯߹߃ߡޔ68 ᐕߦౄ⼏ຬࠗࡁ࠶ࠢ
ࡄ࠙ࠛ࡞(Enoch Powell, 1912-98)߇ฬߥޟⴊߩᎹṶ⺑ޠ(Rivers of Blood speech)ߢ໒߃ߚ⒖
᳃ឃᢺ⺰ࠍ⊹ಾࠅߦޔౄߩࠛ࠼ࡢ࠼ࡅࠬ(Edward Heath, 1916-2005)ᮭᤨߦᡷᱜ ߐࠇߚ71ᐕߩޟ⒖᳃ᴺޠ(Immigration Act)ޔࠨ࠶࠴ࡖᮭᤨߦቯߐࠇߚⴊ⛔ਥ⟵ߦၮߠ ߊ81ᐕߩޟࠗࠡࠬ࿖☋ᴺޠߦࠃߞߡޔ㕖࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄ♽⒖᳃ߪߞߘ߁෩ߒߊⷙߐࠇࠆ ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߢࠆޕ
ߘߩᓟޔᄢ߈ߥࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦ♽ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖࠍߒޔవㅴ⊛ߥᄙᢥൻਥ⟵╷ࠍታᣉߒߡ
ߚࡉ࠶࠼ࡈࠜ࠼ߢߎߞߚ84ᐕߩޟࡂ࠾ࡈࠜ࠼ઙޠ(the Honeyford Affair)ߣ89 ᐕߩޟࠪࡘ࠺ࠖઙޠ(the Rushdie Affair)ߣ߁2ߟߩઙ߇ᄙᢥൻਥ⟵ߩᄢ߈ߥォᯏߣ ߥࠆޕޟࡂ࠾ࡈࠜ࠼ઙޠߣߪޔࡉ࠶࠼ࡈࠜ࠼ߩ┙ᩞߩᩞ㐳ߛߞߚࠗࡂ࠾ࡈࠜ
࠼(Ray Honeyford, 1934-2012)߇ᄙᢥൻਥ⟵ᢎ⢒ࠍ∩ὓߦᛕ್ߔࠆ⺰ᢥࠍ♽ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ
ߦᰴޘߣ⊒ߒޔࡓࠬࡓߩ⼔⠪߆ࠄߩജߢᣧᦼㅌ⡯ߦㅊㄟ߹ࠇߚઙߢࠆޕ߹
ߚޔޟࠪࡘ࠺ࠖઙޠߣߪޔࠗࠬࡓᢎᓤߩਔⷫࠍᜬߟࠗࡦ࠼↢߹ࠇߩࠗࠡࠬੱኅࠨ
࡞ࡑࡦࠪࡘ࠺ࠖ(Salman Rushdie, 1947-)ߩᐛᗐዊ⺑ޡᖡ㝷ߩޢ(The Satanic Verses, 1988) ߦߟߡޔࠗࡦߩᦨ㜞ᜰዉ⠪࡞ࡎ࠶ࡎࡔࠗ࠾(Rūhollāh Khomeinī, 1902-89)߇ห
ຠߪࠗࠬࡓࠍ౨ᶣߒߡࠆߣߒߡࠪࡘ࠺ࠖߦᱫೃት๔ࠍߒߚઙߢࠆޕޟࠪࡘ
࠺ࠖઙޠߩ⊒┵ߪ89ᐕ1ߦࡉ࠶࠼ࡈࠜ࠼ߢ߈ߚࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦ♽⒖᳃ߦࠃࠆ࠺ࡕߛ ߞߚޕߎߩ࠺ࡕߩᦨਛߦޔޡᖡ㝷ߩޢ߇㐿ߢ߈ᝥߡࠄࠇߚߎߣ߇ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕࠍㅢߓߡᄢޘ
⊛ߦႎߐࠇߚޕߎࠇࠄߩઙᓟޔࡉ࠶࠼ࡈࠜ࠼ߪవㅴ⊛ߥᄙᢥൻਥ⟵ㇺᏒ߆ࠄ৻ォޔ ㆊỗߥࠗࠬࡓߩ᷷ᐥߣ⋡ߐࠇࠆߎߣߣߥࠅޔࠗࠬࡓߩࠗࡔ߽ࠫߩ⥄↱ࠍ⢿߆ߔ ෂ㒾ߥᕁᗐߣߥߐࠇߚޕߘࠇએ㒠ޔᄙᢥൻਥ⟵⺰ߩ⺰ὐߪ⦡߆ࠄ᳃ᣖߣቬᢎࠍߋ ࠆ߳ߣᕆㅦߦォ࿁ߒߡߞߚޕ
࿖㓙ᴦቇ⠪ߩࠨࡒࡘࠛ࡞ࡂࡦ࠴ࡦ࠻ࡦ(Samuel Huntington, 1927-2008)ߪޡᢥߩⴣ⓭ޢ (The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, 1996)ߦ߅ߡޔ಄ᚢ⚳⚿ᓟߩ⇇
ᖱߩⴕᣇߦߟߡޔቬᢎߩⴣ⓭ߦᆎ߹ࠅޔำਥ㑆ߩ߆ࠄ࿖᳃࿖ኅߩ⚗߳ޔߘߒߡ
࿖᳃࿖ኅ߆ࠄࠗ࠺ࠝࡠࠡߩ㑵߳ߩ⒖ⴕࠍ⚻ߡޔᦨᓟߪᢥߩⴣ⓭ߦⴕ߈⌕ߊޔᓴⅣ⊛
ᱧผⷰࠍ␜ߒߚޕࡂࡦ࠴ࡦ࠻ࡦ߇੍ߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔࠕࡔࠞหᤨᄙ⊒࠹ࡠ߿ߘࠇߦᒁ߈⛯
ߊࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦ⚗ߣࠗࠢᚢߥߤੱ⒳߿᳃ᣖࠍߋࠆኻ┙ߪᓟࠍ⛘ߚߥޕࡠࡦ࠼
ࡦหᤨᄙ⊒࠹ࡠߦ߅ߡ߽ޔࠕࡔࠞหᤨᄙ⊒࠹ࡠߣߩ㘃ૃὐ߇ᄙޕ‽ⴕᓟޔࠗࡦ࠲
ࡀ࠶࠻ߢࠕ࡞ࠞࠗ࠳߇‽ⴕჿࠍ⊒ߒޔታⴕ‽ߩࡓࠬࡓߩ⧯⠪ߚߜߪࠕ࡞ࠞࠗ࠳߆
108
ࠄᜰ␜ࠍฃߌߡߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚޕ‽ⴕߩേᯏߦߟߡߪޔࠗࠡࠬߪࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦ
߿ࠗࠢߦ߅ߡࠕࡔࠞߦㅊ㓐ߒߡෳᚢߒޔ⯦Ვߦടᜂߒߡࠆߣ߁⿰ᣦߢߞߚޕ
߹ߚޔࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦ♽⒖᳃ߣࡃࡦࠣ࠺ࠪࡘ♽⒖᳃ߪޔቇᱧޔᄬᬺ₸ߥߤߩὐߦ߅ߡޔ
ࠗࠡࠬ␠ળߢᦨਅጀߩࠛࠬ࠹࠶ࠢࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߢߞߚޕࡓࠬࡓߩ↢ᵴ᳓Ḱߩૐߐ ߪޔࡓࠬࡓߦኻߔࠆᏅᗵᖱࠍഥ㐳ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔࡓࠬࡓߩ㑆ߦ⁁ߦኻߔࠆਇḩ߇
⫾Ⓧߒߡߊⷐ࿃ߦ߽ߥߞߡߚߎߣߪኈᤃߦᗐߢ߈ࠆޕ
ߒߚ߇ߞߡޔࡠࡦ࠼ࡦหᤨᄙ⊒࠹ࡠࠍߚේ࿃ߪޔࠕࡔࠞหᤨᄙ⊒࠹ࡠߦኻߒߡࠕ ࡔࠞߩァ᠄ࠍᡰᜬߒߚࡉࠕᮭߩᴦ⊛್ᢿߩ⺋⻪ޔਛ᧲♽⒖᳃ߩჇടߦࠃߞߡ
࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄ⊛ଔ୯ⷰߣࠗࠬࡓ⊛ଔ୯ⷰߩ㑆ߦ↢ߓߚ⚻ᷣ⊛♖⊛ᡂߩ㗼ൻߦࠃߞ ߡࠗࠬࡓㆊỗᵷࠍೝỗߒߡߒ߹ߞߚߎߣߢࠈ߁ޕࠗࠡࠬߩᄙᢥൻਥ⟵ࠍ⠨߃ࠆ႐วޔ ߘߩᱧผ⊛ⷐ⚛ޔߟ߹ࠅࠗࠡࠬߩᏢ࿖ਥ⟵ߣ߁ㆊࠍᛮ߈ߦߒߡ⺆ࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥޕ ߘࠇߪ߹ߕߘ߽ߘ߽⒖᳃ߩᵹߘࠇ⥄߇ࠗࠡࠬߩᬀ᳃ᡰ㈩ߦࠃߞߡ߽ߚࠄߐࠇߚ߽
ߩߢࠆߣ߁ߎߣߢࠆߣหᤨߦޔᬀ᳃ᡰ㈩ࠍᱜᒰൻߔࠆߚߦᒻᚑߐࠇߚੱ⒳Ꮕ
⊛ᕁ⠨߇ᧂߛߦ␠ળߩᡰ㈩⊛ߥࠗ࠺ࠝࡠࠡߣߒߡ᷷ሽߐࠇߡࠆߣ߁ὐߦ⽶߁ߣߎࠈ ߇ᄢ߈ޕߘߩᗧߢޔࡠࡦ࠼ࡦหᤨᄙ⊒࠹ࡠߪᏢ࿖ਥ⟵ߩ࿃ᨐᔕႎߣ⸒߃ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ
2011ᐕߦ࠺ࠗࡧࠖ࠶࠼ࠠࡖࡔࡠࡦ(David Cameron, 1966-)㚂⋧ߪ“State multiculturalism has failed.” (Kuenssberg) ߣ⸒ߒߚߢޔ⇣ߥࠆଔ୯ⷰࠍήᛕ್ߦฃߌࠇࠆฃേ⊛ߥޟኡኈ
␠ળޠߢߪߥߊޔ᳃ਥਥ⟵߿ᐔ╬ޔ⸒⺰ߩ⥄↱ޔାઔߩ⥄↱ߣߞߚ⥄↱ਥ⟵⊛ଔ୯ⷰࠍ
Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦផㅴߔࠆ⌀ߩࡌ࡞␠ળࠍ⋡ᜰߔߴ߈ߛߣߩ⠨߃ᣇࠍ␜ߒߡࠆޕ1ߟߩ࿖ኅ
ࠆߪ␠ળߦ߅ߡޔⶄᢙߩੱ⒳߿᳃ᣖ߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩᄙ᭽ߥᢥൻ߿ᱧผࠍዅ㊀ߒߡޔࠕࠗ
࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖࠍᜬߒߟߟޔሽߒߡߊᄙᢥൻਥ⟵ߪℂᗐ⊛ߢࠆ߇ޔ⁁ߢߪߘߩታ
ߪᭂߡ࿎㔍ߢࠆߣ⸒ࠊߑࠆࠍᓧߥޕࡐࠬ࠻ࠦࡠ࠾ࠕ࡞⊛⁁ᴫ߇ᷓൻޔⶄ㔀ൻߒߡ
ߊᄙ᳃ᣖ࿖ኅࠗࠡࠬߩᄙᢥൻਥ⟵╷ߩⴕᣇࠍᓟ߽ᵈⷞߒߡߊᔅⷐ߇ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ
㧔㧟㧕ࡂࡠ࡞࠼ࡇࡦ࠲ߩᔶࠅߩ⛮⛯ᕈ
00 ᐕઍߦ⋧ᰴߢߎߞߚ࠹ࡠߦኻߔࠆႎᓳߦߟߡߪޔ⍮⼂ੱ߆ࠄߩᛕ್߽ߞߚޕ ߎߎߢߪޔࠝ࠭ࡏࡦߩޡᔶࠅࠍㄟߡᝄࠅࠇޢߦ┵ࠍ⊒ߒޔ50 ᐕઍᓟඨߩᢥსߢ৻
ࠍ㘑㕘ߒߚޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߩᔶࠅ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⛮ᛚߐࠇߡࠆߩ߆ࠍᬌ⸽ߒߚޕޟᔶ ࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߩᒰ⠪ߚߜߩᄙߊߪޔฬჿࠍ₪ᓧߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔ߹ߚട㦂ߣߣ߽ߦ
ൻߒߡߞߚะ߇ᒝ߇ޔߘࠇߢ߽ℰޘߒᛕ್♖߇ᄬࠊࠇࠆߎߣߪߥ߆ߞߚኅ߽
ࠆޕޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߣหᤨᦼߦ⊓႐ߒޔᓐࠄߣ㗴ᗧ⼂ࠍߒߡߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆࡂ ࡠ࡞࠼ࡇࡦ࠲ߪߘߩᅢߢࠆޕࡇࡦ࠲ߪޔޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠ⽎߇ᴉ㕒ൻߒߚᓟ
߽ޔኅṶኅେఝੱߣߒߡ㕙⤧ߩᵴべࠍ⛯ߌޔ2005ᐕ12ߦߪࡁࡌ࡞
ᢥቇ⾨ࠍฃ⾨ߒߚޕ
ࠬ࠙ࠚ࠺ࡦߩࠬ࠻࠶ࠢࡎ࡞ࡓߢⴕࠊࠇߚฃ⾨ᑼߩ⸥ᔨ⻠Ṷߦ߅ߡޔ≸ߢ㑵∛ਛߛߞ ߚࡇࡦ࠲ߪޟ⧓ⴚ⌀ታᴦޠ(“Art, Truth & Politics”, 2005)ߣ㗴ߔࠆࡆ࠺ࠝࠬࡇ࠴
ࠍⴕߞߚޕ∛ᐥ߆ࠄࡇࡦ࠲ߪࠕࡔࠞਛᔃߩᴦ⚻ᷣ⊛ⷓᮭࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚߦⴕࠊࠇߚ
ࠗࠢᚢࠍὼߣᛕ್ߒߚޕ
109
The invasion of Iraq was a bandit act, an act of blatant state terrorism, demonstrating absolute contempt for the concept of international law. The invasion was an arbitrary military action inspired by a series of lies upon lies and gross manipulation of the media and therefore of the public; an act intended to consolidate American military and economic control of the Middle East masquerading – as a last resort – all other justifications having failed to justify themselves – as liberation. A formidable assertion of military force responsible for the death and mutilation of thousands and thousands of innocent people. (Pinter)
⛯ߌߡޔࠕࡔࠞߩࡉ࠶ࠪࡘᄢ⛔㗔ߣ࠻࠾ࡉࠕ㚂⋧ࠍฬᜰߒߢᄢ㊂Ვੱࠍਥዉߒߚ ᚢ‽⟋ੱߣߒߡ෩ߒߊ♾ᒢߒޔ࿖㓙ೃⵙ್ᚲ(ICC = International Criminal Court)ߦ⸷ㅊߔ ࠆࠃ߁߮߆ߌߚޕ߹ߚޔࡇࡦ࠲ߪࠕࡔࠞ߇࿖㓙ೃⵙ್ᚲߩ᧦⚂ࠍᛕಎߒߡߥ
ߎߣߦ⸅ࠇޔߘߩᛮߌ⋡ߩߥߐࠍᜰ៰ߒߚߢޔࠗࠢᚢࠍᡰᜬߒߚࠃ߁ߦࠕࡔࠞߦ ㅊ㓐ߔࠆߒ߆ㆬᛯ⢇ߩߥࠗࠡࠬߩᄖᆫࠍ“It also has its own bleating little lamb tagging behind it on a lead, the pathetic and supine Great Britain.” (Pinter) ߣ⊹⡺ߓࠅߦ
ߒߚޕ᧦⚂ߦᛕಎߒߡࠆࠗࠡࠬߦߟߡߪޔࡉࠕߩ⸷ㅊߩน⢻ᕈࠍឭ␜ߒޔࡉ
ࠕߩᚲߦߟߡ“It is Number 10, Downing Street, London.” (Pinter) ߣવ߃ࠆ࡙ࡕ ࠕ߽ᔓࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕࠗࠢᚢߩ⾥ุߦߟߡߪᄙߊߩ⍮⼂ੱ߇りߦࠅޔᴉ㤩ࠍࠆ ਛߢޔࡇࡦ࠲ߪᱜޘၴޘߣᚢᕁᗐࠍో⇇ߦะߌߡ⊒ାߒޔޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߩஜ
߱ࠅࠍߖߟߌߚߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁ޕ
ߘߩᓟޔ2008ᐕ12ߦࡇࡦ࠲ߪᗂߒߊ߽ᱫߒߚ߇ޔᓐߪޡࡃࠬ࠺ࠗࡄ࠹ࠖޢ (The Birthday Party, 1958)߿ޡ▤ℂੱޢ(The Caretaker, 1959)ߣߞߚઍੱߩਇ᧦ℂᕈ߿ਇᲫ ᕈࠍߔࠆೋᦼߩਇ᧦ℂṶ߆ࠄޔ᥅ᐕߩޟ⧓ⴚ⌀ታᴦޠߩࠃ߁ߥ⇇ᖱߦߟ
ߡߩ⥠㌵㍈ᴦ⊛⊒⸒߹ߢޔߘߩᆫߦߪᏱߦੱ㑆ߩ⥄↱߿ዅ෩ߦኻߔࠆᷓᗵߩ ᔨ߇ẜࠎߢߚޕߘࠇߪޟ⧓ⴚ⌀ታᴦޠߩᦨᓟߩ⸒⪲ߦߐࠇߡࠆޕ
I believe that despite the enormous odds which exist, unflinching, unswerving, fierce intellectual determination, as citizens, to define the real truth of our lives and our societies is a crucial obligation which devolves upon us all. It is in fact mandatory.
(Pinter)
ߎߩᗧߩḮߪޔᡰ㈩ߦኻߔࠆ᳃ਥਥ⟵⊛ߥᔶࠅߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡߦઁߥࠄߥޕߤߩࠃ ߁ߥ࿎㔍ߦ⋥㕙ߒߚߣߒߡ߽⺼ߕߦ㑵⛯ߌࠆ㛽♖ߎߘ߇ࠗࠡࠬᢥൻ߇⢒ࠎߢ߈ ߚޟᔶࠅޠߩᧄ⾰ߢߪߥ߆ࠈ߁߆ޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔ50 ᐕઍߩޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠ߇ߒߚ
␠ળᢥൻ⊛⁁ᴫߦኻߔࠆޟᔶࠅޠߪޔઍߦ߅ߡ߽⣂ޘߣ⛮ᛚߐࠇߡࠆߩߢࠆޕ
㧢㧚10ᐕઍ
㧔㧝㧕ޟ࠳ࠗࡗࡕࡦ࠼ࠫࡘࡆޠߣޟࡠࡦ࠼ࡦࠝࡦࡇ࠶ࠢޠ
ߘߩ৻ᣇߢޔޟᔶࠅޠߪᢿ⛘ߐࠇߡࠆߩߢߪߥ߆ߣ߁ᣇ߽ࠆޕߎߎߢߪ⋥ㄭߩ
110
ᤨ㗴߆ࠄߘߩ⌀னࠍᬌ⸽ߒߡߺߚޕ
2012ᐕߩࠗࠡࠬޔߣࠅࠊߌࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߪᵴ᳇ߦḷࠇߡߚޕหᐕ 4ޔࡠࡦ࠼ࡦᏒ㐳ߩ ࡏ࡚ࠬࠫࡦ࠰ࡦ(Boris Johnson, 1964-)ߪޔߘߩᵴᴫ߆ࠄࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߩᧂ᧪ࠍ“the best big city
in the world” (Johnson) ߣࠄߒߍߦት⸒ߒߡࠆޕᓐ߇ߘߩ⥄ାߩᩮߣߒߚߩ߇ޔޟ࠳ࠗ
ࡗࡕࡦ࠼ࠫࡘࡆޠ(Diamond Jubilee)ߣޟࡠࡦ࠼ࡦࠝࡦࡇ࠶ࠢޠ(London Olympic) ߣ߁12ᐕߩ2ᄢࠗࡌࡦ࠻ߢࠆޕߛ߇ޔߎߩ⪇߿߆ߥ2ߟߩࠗࡌࡦ࠻ߪޔࠆ⌀ታࠍⷒ
㓝ߔᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆޕߘࠇߪࠗࠡࠬ␠ળߩᷓⵚߣࡠࡦ࠼ࡦᏒ
᳃ߩ↢ᵴࠍ⢿߆ߔᷓೞߥ㗴ߢࠆޕ
12ᐕ62ᣣ߆ࠄ5ᣣߦ߆ߌߡޔࠛࠩࡌࠬᅚ₺ߩහ60ᐕࠍ⸥ᔨߔࠆ⾐ᑼౖޟ࠳
ࠗࡗࡕࡦ࠼ࠫࡘࡆޠ߇ࡃ࠶ࠠࡦࠟࡓችᲚ߿࠹ࡓ࠭Ꮉߥߤࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߩਛᔃߢ⋓ᄢߦ 㐿ߐࠇߚޕᄤߪߦߊߩ㔎ߛߞߚ߇ޔᄙߊߩࠗࠡࠬ࿖᳃߇⾐ߩߚߦ㓸⚿ߒޔ
ߒࠈ㔎ߩⴝߣߒߡฬߥࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߩ㔓࿐᳇ߦߪࠃߊㆡߒߡߚṶߣ߽ᤋߞߚޕᒰᤨ 86 ᱦߩᅚ₺ߩੱ᳇ߪᧂߛߦஜߢޔࠗࠡࠬ₺ቶߪߘߩ᳞ᔃജࠍ࿖ౝᄖߦ␜ߔࠆߎߣߦᚑ ഞߒߚߣ߽⸒߃ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ11ᐕ4 ߦߪޔᅚ₺ߩቊߦߚࠅ₺⛮ᛚᮭࠍߔࠆ࠙ࠖࠕ ࡓ₺ሶ(Prince William, 1982-)ߣࠠࡖࠨࡦᅥ(Catherine “Kate” Middleton, 1982-)ߩޟࡠࠗࡗ
࡞࠙ࠛ࠺ࠖࡦࠣޠ(Royal Wedding)߇ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߩ࠙ࠛࠬ࠻ࡒࡦࠬ࠲ኹ㒮ߢⴕߐࠇߚߎߣ
߽ࠅޔㄭᐕߩࠗࠡࠬ₺ቶߪ⾐ࡓ࠼ߦ൮ኈߐࠇߡߚޕ
ߐࠄߦޔ12ᐕ727ᣣ߆ࠄ812ᣣߦ߆ߌߡߪޔ╙30࿁⋡ߩᄐቄࠝࡦࡇ࠶ࠢ߇㐿
ߐࠇޔࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߪ 3 ᐲ⋡ߩᄐቄࠝࡦࡇ࠶ࠢࠍ㐿ߒߚ⇇ೋߩㇺᏒߦߥߞߚޕળ႐ߣߥ ߞߚ᧲ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߪޔ80 ᐕઍߪࡂ࠶ࠢ࠾ࠍਛᔃߦૐᚲᓧ⠪ጀ߿⒖᳃ߥߤᄙ⒳ᄙ᭽ߥ
᳃߇ࠄߒޔ‽⟋ߣ⽺࿎߇ߪ߮ߎࠆᴦߩᖡࠬࡓⴝߣߒߡฬߛߞߚ߇ޔࠝࡦࡇ࠶
ࠢߩౣ㐿⊒ߦࠃߞߡ㐿ߦ߰ߐࠊߒࠢ࡞ߥⷰశ߳ߣᄌ⽩ࠍㆀߍߚޕߘߩ᭽⋧ߪޔ
ੱ᳇େఝࡅࡘࠣࡦ࠻(Hugh Grant, 1960-)ਥṶߩᤋ↹ޡࡁ࠶࠹ࠖࡦࠣࡅ࡞ߩᕜੱޢ (Notting Hill, 1999)ߩᄢࡅ࠶࠻ߢੱ᳇ࠬࡐ࠶࠻ߦߥߞߚࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߩࡁ࠶࠹ࠖࡦࠣࡅ࡞
߇90ᐕઍߦ⨹ᑄࠍ⣕ߒޔ৻ߦ㜞⚖ࠛࠕߩખ㑆ࠅࠍᨐߚߒߚߎߣࠍᗐߐߖࠆޕߎߩ ࠃ߁ߦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߪㇺᏒౣ↢ࠍᨐߚߒߟߟࠆߣ߽ߡขࠇࠆޕ
㧔㧞㧕ᩰᏅ␠ળ߳ߩᔶࠅ
ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔࠗࠡࠬਛ߇᱑༑ߦᴣߚ12ᐕߢࠆ߇ޔ࠳ࠗࡗࡕࡦ࠼ࠫࡘࡆߩ
⾐ࡓ࠼߿ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦࠝࡦࡇ࠶ࠢߩ߅⑂ࠅ㛍߉߇ޔࠗࠡࠬ࿖᳃ోߩ⚿᧤ࠍ⸽ߒߡ
ࠆߣߪ⸒㔍ޕߘࠇࠍ␜ໂߔࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ2ߟߩࠗࡌࡦ࠻ߢߪޔ11ᐕ8ߦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦർㇱ ߩ࠻࠶࠹࠽ࡓߢ㤥ੱ↵ᕈ߇⼊ኤቭߦᲕߐࠇߚߎߣࠍ߈ߞ߆ߌߦࠗࠡࠬฦߢ㗫⊒
ߒߚޟ2011ᐕࠗࠡࠬേޠ(UK Riots 2011)ߦኻߔࠆෂᯏᗵ߆ࠄޔ࠹ࡠ߿࠺ࡕࠍ⼊ᚓߒߡ෩
㊀ߥ⼊߇ᢝ߆ࠇߡߚޕߎߩ11ᐕ8ߩ⧯⠪ߚߜ߇ᓤൻߒߚേ߿⇛ᅓ߿Ἣߦ ߪޔਇน⸃ߥㇱಽ߇ᄙߊߞߚޕ10 ᐕ 12 ߩ࠴ࡘ࠾ࠫࠕߩޟࠫࡖࠬࡒࡦ㕟ޠ(Jasmine Revolution)߆ࠄᵄߒޔ߽⛮⛯ߐࠇࠆޟࠕࡉߩᤐޠ(Arab Spring)ߩࠃ߁ߦޔ⁛ⵙᮭ
ߦኻߔࠆ᳃ਥൻㆇേߣ߁⏕ߥᴦ⋡ᮡ߇ߞߚࠊߌߢߪߥߒޔ80 ᐕઍߩੱ⒳⊛ᔶࠅ ߇ේ࿃ߢ߽ߥ߆ߞߚޕߘࠇߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔᷙੂߪ⍍ߊ㑆ߦࠗࠡࠬోߦᄢߒߡߞ ߚߩߪߥߗߛࠈ߁߆ޕ
111
ߎߎߢㅪᗐߐࠇࠆߩ߇ޔ11ᐕ9 ߦࠕࡔࠞ࠾ࡘ࡛ࠢߩ࠙ࠜ࡞ⴝߢ⊒↢ߒߚࠕ ࡔࠞߩᴦ⚻ᷣ⇇ߦኻߔࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ৻ㅪߩ᛫⼏ㆇേޟ࠙ࠜ࡞ⴝࠍභߖ ࠃޠ(Occupy Wall Street)ߢࠆޕߘߩࠬࡠࠟࡦߢࠆޟ⑳ߚߜߪᱷࠅ99%ߛޕޠ(“We are the
99%.”)ߪޔ70ᐕઍ߆ࠄࠕࡔࠞߦ߅ߡ1%ߩንጀ߇ᚲߔࠆ⾗↥߇Ⴧടߒ⛯ߌߡ
ࠆ⁁ᴫࠍߒߡࠆޕ08ᐕ9ߩࠊࠁࠆޟࡑࡦ࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢޠ(Lehman Shock)એ㒠ޔㅪ
㎮⊛ߦ⇇⊛ߥ㊄Ⲣෂᯏ߇⊒↢ߒޔ৻⥸Ꮢ᳃ߪ㐳ᒁߊਇᴫߢ↢ᵴ⧰߇⛯ߒߚޕߎߩ᛫⼏
ㆇേߪޔᒰೋߪߘߩ⢛ᓟߢ߁ߏߊࠕࡔࠞᐭߦࠃࠆ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ᢇᷣ߿ንጀ߳ߩఝㆄភ
⟎ߣߞߚ⚻ᷣ⊛ᩰᏅࠍᛕ್ߔࠆਥᒛߢߞߚ߇ޔෳട⠪߇Ⴧടߔࠆߣߘߩਥᒛ߽ᄙ᭽ൻ ߒޔ㜞㗵ߩኅ⾓߿ቇ⾌ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್ޔ㜞ᄬᬺ₸߿ᐕ㊄㗴ߩᡷༀⷐ᳞ޔ᷷ᥦൻ㒐ᱛߥ ߤ߇ടࠊࠅޔ1ߟߩⷐ࿃ߦ㓸⚂ߔࠆߎߣ߇࿎㔍ߥ⽎ߢࠆޕ
ߐࠄߦޔ࠷ࠗ࠶࠲߿ࡈࠚࠗࠬࡉ࠶ࠢߥߤߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡀ࠶࠻ߩ࠰ࠪࡖ࡞ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ
ࠢࠨࡆࠬࠍㅢߓߡో☨ߦ㘧߮Ἣߒޔ߿߇ߡ␠ળ⊛㗴ᗧ⼂ࠍߒߚ⇇ฦ࿖ߩ⧯⠪ߦ
ᢔߐࠇߡߞߚޕߘߩ᭽⋧ߪ߹ߐߦࠣࡠࡃ࡞ᤨઍߩ࠲ࠗࡓߢ࠻ࡦࠬ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞
ߥᖱႎߩᮮᢿᕈࠍ␜ߒߡ߅ࠅޔ21 ♿⊛ߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡚ࠪࡦߩน⢻ᕈࠍឭ␜ߒߡࠆߣ
߽⸒߃ࠃ߁ޕߎ߁ߒߚ⁁ᴫࠍฃߌޔ12ᐕ2ߦߪ࠾ࡘ࡛ࠢߩ࠙ࡦ࠼ࠕࡃ࠙࠻ࠪࠕ
࠲ߢ࠙ࡦ࠼ࠕࡃ࠙࠻ࠪࠕ࠲ࠞࡦࡄ࠾߇ޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߩઍᩰߢࠆࠫ
࡚ࡦࠝ࠭ࡏࡦߩᚨᦛޡᔶࠅࠍㄟߡᝄࠅࠇޢࠍṶߒޔ213ᣣઃߩޡ࠾ࡘ࡛
ࠞޢ(The New Yorker)ߩ⹏ߢ㜞⹏ଔࠍฃߌߡࠆ(118-9)ޕࠕࡔࠞੱ⧯ᚻṶኅߩࠨ
ࡓࠧ࡞࠼(Sam Gold, 1978-)߇࠙ࠚ࡞࠭りߩࠗࠡࠬੱ⧯ᚻେఝࡑࠪࡘࠬ
(Matthew Rhys, 1974-)ࠍਥੱߩࠫࡒࡐ࠲ᓎߦ↪ߒޔ2 ภߩޡࡊࠗࡆ࡞ޢ
(Playbill)ߢ ޟ 㕟 ᣂ ⊛ ฎ ౖ ߩ ߌ ߟ ߊ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ᣂ ޠ(“a scorching new production of the groundbreaking classic”)ߣ⥄⽶ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ(8)ޔޡᔶࠅࠍㄟߡᝄࠅࠇޢߩౣṶ߮ౣ⹏ଔߪޔ
ઍ␠ળߩ⚻ᷣఝవਥ⟵⊛ߥầᵹߦኻߔࠆ⇇ਛߩ⧯⠪ߚߜߩ⇣⼏ࠍߒߡࠆߩߢ
ࠆޕ
㧔㧟㧕ޟ2011ᐕࠗࠡࠬേޠ
ޟ2011ᐕࠗࠡࠬേޠ߽ޔޟ࠙ࠜ࡞ⴝࠍභߖࠃޠߩേะࠍ੍ళߒߚ߽ߩߢߪߥ߆ߞ ߚߩߛࠈ߁߆ޕߎࠇࠄߩޟᔶࠅޠߩᚲ߇ޔ⚻ᷣ⊛ᩰᏅߦ࿃ߒߡࠆߩߢࠇ߫ޔਔ⠪
ߪోߊߩή㑐ଥߣ߁ߎߣߢߪᷣ߹ߐࠇߥߛࠈ߁ޕޟ2011ᐕࠗࠡࠬേޠߪ84ᣣ߆ ࠄ10ᣣߦ߆ߌߡࠗࠡࠬోߢ⊒↢ߒߚേߢࠆޕᢙਁੱߩ⼊ኤቭߩേຬߦࠃࠆ㎾ߢ
ᘒߪ᧤ߒߚ߇ޔᓤߪ 15,000 ੱએߣⓍ߽ࠄࠇޔㅱ⠪ߪ 4,000 ੱࠍ߃ޔ⚻ᷣ⊛
៊ᄬߪ 2 ంࡐࡦ࠼એߣផቯߐࠇߡࠆޕߎ߁ߒߚ↟ᄢߥⵍኂ⁁ᴫࠍฃߌߡޔࠗࠡࠬߩ
ജߥᣣೀ⚕ޡࠟ࠺ࠖࠕࡦޢ(The Guardian)ߣࡠࡦ࠼ࡦᄢቇ⚻ᷣᴦቇ㒮(LSE = London School of Economics and Political Science)ߪหߢޔേߦ㑐ਈߒߚ⠪270ੱߦࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ
ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߦࠃࠅޔേߩේ࿃ߣ⚿ᨐࠍᬌ⸛ߒޔ11ᐕ115ᣣߦ⎇ⓥႎ๔ޡേߩಽᨆޢ (Reading the Riots, 2011)ࠍ⊒ߒߚޕᤨὐߦ߅ߡߪേߩో⽩ࠍᱜ⏕ߦᛠីߢ߈ߥㇱ ಽ߽ᄙ߇ޔᓤߩੱ⒳߿᳃ᣖߩะߦߟߡߪޔ㤥ੱ46%ޔ⊕ੱ42%ޔࠕࠫࠕ♽7%ޔߘ
ߩઁ5%ߢߞߚޕ߹ߚޔേߩⷐ࿃ߣߒߡߪޔ86%ߩ⠪߇⽺࿎ࠍߍޔᰴߢ85%ߩ⠪߇
⼊ኤᵴേࠍߍߡࠆߣ߁ታߢߞߚޕ
112
േߩ⊒┵ߣߥߞߚ⼊ኤߦࠃࠆ㤥ੱ↵ᕈߩᲕߣߎߩႎ๔ౝኈ߆ࠄߪޔ࡚ࠫࠫࠝ
࠙ࠚ࡞ߩ࠺ࠖࠬ࠻ࡇࠕዊ⺑ޡ1984ᐕޢ(Nineteen Eighty-Four, 1949)⊛ߥ▤ℂ␠ળൻࠍߑߔ
⼊ኤ⚵❱ߩੱ⒳Ꮕ⊛ߥ⼊ኤᵴേߦኻߔࠆᔶࠅࠍ⊒┵ߦޔ↢ᵴࠍㄼߔࠆ⚻ᷣ⊛ᩰᏅ߇ߘ ߩᔶࠅࠍഥ㐳ߒޔࠛࠬ࠲ࡉ࠶ࠪࡘࡔࡦ࠻ߦኻߔࠆ᛫⼏ⴕേ߇േߣ߁ᒻߦߒߚߣ
⸒߃ࠆߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆ޕ⼊ኤ⚵❱ߩੱ⒳Ꮕ⊛⾰ߪޔ93 ᐕߦߎߞߚޟࠬ࠹ࠖࡧ ࡦࡠࡦࠬᲕੱઙޠ(the Murder of Stephen Lawrence)ߦ⽎ᓽߐࠇߡࠆޕߎߩઙߪޔ93 ᐕ4ߦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦධ᧲ㇱߩࠛ࡞ࠨࡓߣ߁ዊߐߥ↸ߢޔࡃࠬࠍᓙߞߡߚࠗࡦ࠼♽⒖᳃2
ߩ18ᱦߩ㜞ᩞ↢ࠬ࠹ࠖࡧࡦࡠࡦࠬ(Stephen Lawrence, 1974-93)߇ޔੱ⒳Ꮕ⊛േᯏ ߢⶄᢙߩ⊕ੱዋᐕߦⷅ᠄ߐࠇߡೝᲕߐࠇߚઙߢࠆޕ⋡᠄⸽⸒߆ࠄኈ⇼⠪ߪߔߋᶋߒޔ 2ㅳ㑆ᓟߦߪ5ੱߩ⊕ੱዋᐕߦㅱߐࠇߚޕߣߎࠈ߇ޔ3ࠞᓟߦߪ⸽ਇචಽߢోຬ߇㉼
ߐࠇޔ94ᐕߦࡠࡦࠬߩਔⷫ߇ߎߒߚ᳃ⵙ್ߢ߽2ᐕᓟߦ߿ߪࠅ⸽ਇචಽߢਇ
⸷ߣߥߞߚߩߢࠆޕߘࠇߢ߽ߎߩઙߪ␠ળ⊛㑐ᔃߩ㜞ߐ߆ࠄ⚳ᕷߔࠆߎߣߥߊޔઙ ߆ࠄ4ᐕᓟߩ97ᐕ214ᣣߦߪޡ࠺ࠗࡔ࡞ޢ(The Daily Mail)߇৻㕙ߦ“Murderers:
The Mail accuses these men of killing. If we are wrong, let them sue us.” (1) ߣ㗴ߔࠆᄢ⢙ߥ
ߒߢޔኈ⇼⠪ 5 ੱߩታฬߣ౮⌀ࠍឝタߒߚޕ♽ᣣೀ⚕ߩ⇣ߩႎߣߘߩ㗀ࠍฃߌ ߡޔหᐕ 7 ߦࡠࡦࠬߩਔⷫߣ㕙ળߒߚࡉࠕᮭߩౝോᄢ⤿ߩࠫࡖ࠶ࠢࠬ࠻ࡠߪ
(Jack Straw, 1946-)ߪઙߩౣ⺞ᩏࠍߓޔ98ᐕ3ߦౣክࠍ᳞ࠆⵙ್ᚲߩ⡬ળ߇ᆎ߹
ߞߚޕᑨߒߚኈ⇼⠪ߚߜ߇ߖߚᮮᨩߥᘒᐲߪ࠹ࡆߢᄢ߈ߊႎߐࠇޔ⺰ߩᔶࠅࠍ
⾈ߞߚޕߘߒߡޔઙߩౣ⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐޔ⼊ኤߩೋേᝡᩏ߇ㆡಾߦⴕࠊࠇߥ߆ߞߚታ߇್
ߒޔࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ⼊ⷞᐡߩ⚵❱ߋࠆߺߩੱ⒳Ꮕߩታᘒ߇㔺ߐࠇߚߩߢࠆޕએ㒠߽㤥ੱ
ߦኻߔࠆਇㆡಾߥኻᔕ߇⛯ߡࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔ⼊ኤ⚵❱ߦᎽ㘩߁ήᗧ⼂ߩੱ⒳߇ߎߩ
৻ㅪߩᵹࠇࠍ⚻ߡ߽ᡷༀߐࠇߡߥߩߪࠄ߆ߢࠅޔ㤥ੱ߇⼊ኤߦኻߔࠆਇାᗵࠍᛴ ߊߩߪᒰὼߢࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ
ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔ⼊ኤᵴേ߇േߩേᯏߦߥߞߚߎߣߦߪࠆ⒟ᐲ⚊ᓧߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ ߚߛ⇐ᗧߒߚߩߪޔޟ2011ᐕࠗࠡࠬേޠߦടᜂߒߚ⠪ߦߪ⊕ੱഭ⠪㓏⚖ጀ߿㤥ੱ⒖
᳃ߛߌߢߥߊޔ⽺࿎ߣߪή✼ߩ⊕ੱਛ↥㓏⚖߽߹ࠇߡࠆὐߢࠆޕ80 ᐕઍߪޔ⦟ኅߩ ሶᒉሶᅚ߇േߦടࠊࠆߎߣߥߤࠅ߃ߥ߆ߞߚޕᒰᤨߩേߪᴦ⊛߆ߟੱ⒳⊛ߥ߽ߩ ߢޔ৻⥸␠ળߢ߽ੱ⒳ߩḴߪᄢ߈߆ߞߚޕޟ2011ᐕࠗࠡࠬേޠߪ㓏⚖߿ੱ⒳ࠍ߃ߚ㓸
࿅ߢⴕࠊࠇߚߣ߁ήዻᕈ⊛ߥ․ᓽ߆ࠄޔࠆᗧߢߪࠗࠡࠬߩᄙᢥൻਥ⟵߇ᚑᾫߒߡ ߈ߚㇱಽ߇ࠆߣߺߥߔߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆ޕߎߩⶄᢙᕈⶄ㔀ᕈ߆ࠄ߽
ߡขࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦޔᚢᓟࠗࠡࠬߢߪ㓏⚖ᗧ⼂߇Ꮧ⭯ൻߒޔ␠ળᢥൻ⊛Ⴚ⇇✢ߪᦌᤒߦߥߞ ߚߎߣߢޔ࿖᳃ߩ␠ળ↢ᵴߪ↹৻ൻߐࠇߡߞߚޕਔ⠪ࠍ㓒ߡࠆ໑৻ߩᄢ߈ߥ㆑ߪޔን
ጀ߇ߐࠄߦߦߥߞߚ㕙ޔ⽺࿎ጀߩᄙߊߪᭂ⽺ߩ߹߹ߢࠅޔ⚻ᷣ⊛ᩰᏅߪᄢߔ ࠆ৻ᣇߛߣ߁ߎߣߢࠆޕታ㓙ޔࠗࠡࠬߢߪ10ߦޟ࠙ࠜ࡞ⴝࠍභߖࠃޠ߆ࠄ┵
ࠍ⊒ߔࠆޟࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ⸽ขᒁᚲࠍභߖࠃޠ(Occupy London Stock Exchange)߇ᆎ߹ࠅޔᢙජ
ੱ߇࠺ࡕⴕㅴࠍታᣉߒߚߣ߁ޕㄭᐕߩࠗࠡࠬߪޔࡠࡦ࠼ࡦࠝࡦࡇ࠶ࠢߩ㐿ߦ
߁⊛ௌോߩ⤘ᒛޔᴦኅߩᳪ⡯ޔ⎕✋㌁ⴕߩ࿖ൻᢇᷣޔቛଔᩰߩ㜞㛛ޔᧂᡷༀߩࠗ
ࡦࡈޔ࿖᳃ஜࠨࡆࠬߩᡷᖡޔ⧯ᐕ⽺࿎ጀኻ╷ߩ੍▚ࠞ࠶࠻ߥߤߢᏒ᳃↢ᵴߪ៦ข
ㄼߐࠇߡߚޕߎࠇࠄߪᏒ᳃↢ᵴߦ⋥⚿ߔࠆᱫᵴ㗴߫߆ࠅߢࠅޔᓐࠄߪᴦ⚻ᷣ⊛
‶†⠪ߣ߽⸒߃ࠆޕ
113
ߛߣߔࠇ߫ޔޟ2011ᐕࠗࠡࠬേޠߪήᗧ⼂ߩᴦ⋡ᮡ߇ߞߚߣ⸃㉼ߢ߈ߥߊ߽ߥޕ
ੱ⒳Ꮕߣ⚻ᷣ⊛ᩰᏅߣ߁ቢోߥᐔ╬␠ળߩታࠍᅹߍࠆᦨᓟߩოࠍᛂߜ⎈ߊߚߦޔ
⒖᳃߿⽺࿎ጀߣߘࠇߦᗵߔࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜ߇⁁߳ߩᙍᙴ߆ࠄੱ⒳߿㓏⚖ࠍ߃ߡ⥄ὼ⊒↢
⊛ߦ┙ߜ߇ߞߚߣ⠨߃ߡ߽ਇᕁ⼏ߪߥޕߤߩᤨઍߢ߽␠ળ⊛㗴ᗧ⼂߆ࠄ⊒ߖࠄࠇߚ
↢ᵴ߳ߩਇ߿ᩰᏅ߳ߩਇḩ߆ࠄ㜞߹ࠆޟᔶࠅޠߩ⍦వߪߘߩⷐ࿃ࠍࠅߔᡰ㈩
ߦะߌࠄࠇࠆߩߢࠅޔᔅὼ⊛⚿ᨐߣ߽⸒߃ࠆޕࠃߞߡޔㄭᐕߩ⇇ฦߢߩ⧯⠪ߩേ
ߪ⚻ᷣఝవਥ⟵ߦኻߒߡ᳃ਥਥ⟵ൻࠍ᳞ࠆ⊛ߥേะߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠃ߁ޕ
㧝 ޡ᰼ᦸޢߩ⹏ଔߪ㜞ߊޔ66ᐕߩࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ⾨ߢ⋙〈⾨⣉ᧄ⾨ߦࡁࡒࡀ࠻ޔ67ᐕߩࠞ
ࡦ࿖㓙ᤋ↹⑂ߢᦨ㜞⾨ߩࡄ࡞ࡓ࠼࡞ࠍฃ⾨ߒߡࠆޕ
㧞 ߎߩࠗࡌࡦ࠻ߩᮨ᭽ߪޔ68ᐕ㐿ߩ࠼ࠠࡘࡔࡦ࠲ᤋ↹ޡࡕࡦ࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޢ(Monterey Pop, 1968)ߦߒޕ
㧟 ޟࡆ࠻ࠫࠚࡀ࡚ࠪࡦޠߩᕁᗐ߿ࠗࡈࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߦߟߡߪޔ(Foster 1992)ࠍෳᾖޕ
㧠 ߎߩࠗࡌࡦ࠻ߩᮨ᭽ߪޔ70ᐕ㐿ߩ࠼ࠠࡘࡔࡦ࠲ᤋ↹ޡ࠙࠶࠼ࠬ࠻࠶ࠢޢ(Woodstock, 1970)ߦߒޕ
㧡 ߎߩࠗࡌࡦ࠻ߩᮨ᭽ߪޔ70ᐕ㐿ߩ࠼ࠠࡘࡔࡦ࠲ᤋ↹ޡࠡࡒࠪࠚ࡞࠲ޢ(Gimme Shelter, 1970)ߦߒޕ
㧢 ࡄࡦࠢߩ⚦ߥಽᨆߦߟߡߪޔ(Savage 1992)ࠍෳᾖޕ
㧣 ޟࡋ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠫᤋ↹ޠߦߟߡߪޔ(Hill 1999)ࠍෳᾖޕ
㧤 ޡἻߩࡦ࠽ޢߪ82ᐕߩ╙54࿁ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ⾨ߢޔຠ⾨ޔ⣉ᧄ⾨ޔᦛ⾨ޔⵝ࠺
ࠩࠗࡦ⾨ࠍฃ⾨ߒߡࠆޕ
㧥 ޟഭ⠪㓏⚖ᤋ↹ޠߦߟߡߪޔ(Murphy 2000)ࠍෳᾖޕ
㧝㧜 ޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠߦߟߡߪޔ(Harris 2003)ޔ(Harris 2004)ࠍෳᾖޕ
㧝㧝 ࡉࠕᮭߩ╷ߦߟߡߪޔߘߩࡉࡦߢߞߚ␠ળቇ⠪ࠕࡦ࠰࠾ࠡ࠺ࡦ࠭
(Anthony Giddens, 1938-)ߩ(Giddens 1998)ࠍෳᾖޕ
㧝㧞 ੱ⒳Ꮕ߿⒖᳃㗴ߦߟߡߪޔ(Solomos 1989)ޔ(Mason 2000)ࠍෳᾖޕ
114
⚳┨
⚿⺰
㧝㧚ฦ┨✚
ᧄ⺰ߢߪᚢᓟࠗࠡࠬ⧯⠪ᢥൻࠍ⒟ߣߒޔ ᐕઍᓟඨߩᢥቇ⽎ޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠ ࠍὐߦޔ ᐕઍߩ⧯⠪ᢥൻ⽎ޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠࠍ᭴ᚑߒߚᢥൻ㗔ၞࠍ㗔ၞ
ᮮᢿ⊛ߦ⠨ኤߒޔߘߩᵄ߇ᢔߐࠇࠆޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࠪ࠶ࠢࠬ࠹ࠖ࠭ޠએ㒠ߩ␠ળ ᢥൻ⁁ᴫߩᄌኈࠍⷰߒߡ߈ߚޕᧄ⺰ߩ⠨ኤⷞὐߪޔ ᐕઍ߆ࠄߩᢥൻ⊛ㅪ⛯ᕈޔᚢᓟ␠
ળߩ․ᓽߢࠆᶖ⾌␠ળߦ߁ࡐࠬ࠻ࡕ࠳࠾࠭ࡓߦࠃࠆᢥൻߩຠൻޔߘߒߡᢥൻࠣࡠ
ࡃ࡚ࠪࡦߦ߁࠻ࡦࠬ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ߥᢥൻᮮᢿᕈߢࠆޕᧄ⺰ߪߘࠇࠄࠍ〯߹߃ߚ
ߢޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩᢥൻ⊛․⾰ߣᱧผ⊛⟎ߠߌࠍⷙቯߒޔห⽎ߩ␠ળ ᢥൻ⊛ᗧ⟵ࠍߘ߁ߣߔࠆ⹜ߺߢߞߚޕ
ᐨ┨ߢߪޔࠗࠡࠬᢥൻߩ․ᓽߢࠆ⇣⒳ᷙᶳᕈ߿ᢥൻᄌኈߦߟߡ⸒ߒޔߘࠇ߇㗼
⪺ߥᐕઍߩޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩ⺰⊛ߥ⺑ࠍⴕߞߚޕవⴕ⎇ⓥࠍ✚ߔࠇ
߫ޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߪᢥൻ㗔ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ㕟ᣂ⊛േะߣࠗࡈࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߩᄙ᭽ൻ ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚޟᢥൻ㕟ޠߣ⒓⾥ߔࠆ⹏ଔ߇ࠆ৻ᣇߢޔᶖ⾌␠ળߦขࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚ⍴ߥ
৻ㆊᕈߩޟࡔ࠺ࠖࠕޠߢࠆߣ߁ᛕ್߽ࠆޕᚢᓟࠗࠡࠬߦ߅ߡߪޔ⾗ᧄਥ⟵
ߦၮߠߊࠕࡔࠞဳᏒ႐⚻ᷣߩᶖ⾌␠ળ߇᧪ߒޔഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩ⧯⠪ߪޟ⼾߆ߥ␠ળޠࠍ
⻭ߔࠆᢥൻߩᶖ⾌⠪߮ഃㅧ⠪ߣߥࠅޔ⁛⥄ߩ⧯⠪ᢥൻࠍᒻᚑߒߡߞߚޕߘߩޟࠬ࠙
ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߪᐕઍᓟඨߩࠕࡔࠞߩޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߣ৻ൻߒߡ ޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࠪ࠶ࠢࠬ࠹ࠖ࠭ޠߣ߁ࠣࡠࡃ࡞ߥᒛࠍㆀߍߚޕ
╙ ┨ߢߪޔ⧯⠪ᢥൻࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆߦߚߞߡޔࠗࠡࠬᢥൻ⺰ߩ♽⼆ࠍㄡࠅޔᢥൻᔨ
߿ᢥൻ⎇ⓥߩᄌㆫࠍ⏕ߒߚޕવ⛔⊛ߥ㓏⚖␠ળࠗࠡࠬߦ߅ߡޔ ♿ߩࡑࠪࡘ
ࠕࡁ࡞࠼એ㒠ޔᢥൻߪޟ㜞⚖ᢥൻ㧛ૐ⚖ᢥൻޠߣ߁ࠛ࠻ਥ⟵⊛ੑర⺰ߣߒߡ⺆ࠄ ࠇߡ߈ߚޕߘࠇߪ↥ᬺ㕟ߩㆊ⒟ߢჇടߒߚഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩᢥൻ⊛ή⒎ᐨࠍᢎ㙃ߦࠃߞߡ⍶
ᱜߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ⊛ߥਛ↥㓏⚖ߩᡰ㈩⊛ࠗ࠺ࠝࡠࠡᚢ⇛ߢߞߚޕ߿߇ߡ♿ࠍㄫ ߃ޔࠕࡔࠞ߇ᴦ⚻ᷣ⊛ⷓᮭࠍីࠆߣޔࠕࡔࠞߩᄢⴐᢥൻ߇ࠗࠡࠬߦᄢ㊂ᵹߒᆎ
ߚޕߘߩᢥൻᏢ࿖ਥ⟵⊛㕙ߦኻߒߡޔࠝ࠶ࠢࠬࡉ࠶ࠫߩ⊛ߥᢥቇ⎇ⓥ⠪ߚߜߪ
ࠗࠡࠬߩᯏ⊛␠ળࠍᠩ⼔ߔࠆߚߦޔߘࠇ߹ߢᏢ࿖ਥ⟵ࠍᱜᒰൻߔࠆࠗ࠺ࠝࡠࠡ
ⵝ⟎ߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߒߡ߈ߚ⧷ᢥቇࠍቇ⊛ߦᐲൻߒޔᢥൻ⊛ⷙ▸ߣߔࠆㆇേࠍዷ㐿ߒߚޕ ߘߩᓟޔ65ࠛࠝ࠶࠻ߪੑర⊛ᢥൻ⺰ࠍ〯ⷅߒߟߟޔᢥൻᔨࠍੱ߆ࠄ␠ળ߳ߣᒛ ߐߖߚޕߘߩ৻ᣇߢޔੱᢥ⑼ቇߩ․ᮭൻߦߟߡޔ%2ࠬࡁ࠙ߪੱᢥ⑼ቇߣ⥄ὼ⑼ቇߣ
߁ޟߟߩᢥൻޠߩਵ㔌ߦ⼊㏹ࠍ㡆ࠄߒߚޕᚢᓟޔᶖ⾌␠ળߩ᧪ߦ߁ࡐࠬ࠻ࡕ࠳࠾࠭ࡓ
115
߇ߒߚᓟޔࠗࡕࡦ࠼࠙ࠖࠕࡓ࠭ࠄ߇ੑర⊛ᢥൻ⺰ࠍᛕ್ߒޔᄢⴐᢥൻࠍౣቯ
ߒߡߞߚޕߘ߁ߒߚᢥൻ⎇ⓥߪࠞ࡞࠴ࡘ࡞ࠬ࠲࠺ࠖ࠭ߩḮߣߥࠅޔᄢⴐᢥൻߦ ߟߡ㓏⚖ޔੱ⒳ޔࠛࠬ࠾ࠪ࠹ࠖޔࠫࠚࡦ࠳ߥߤߩⷐ⚛ࠍⷞ㊁ߦࠇߚ㗔ၞᮮᢿ⊛ߥࠕ ࡊࡠ࠴߇⏕┙ߐࠇߚޕߣࠅࠊߌޔࠞ࡞࠴ࡘ࡞ࠬ࠲࠺ࠖ࠭ߪ⧯⠪ᢥൻ⎇ⓥߦ߅ߡ
ലߥಽᨆᚻᴺߣߥߞߚޕ
╙┨ߢߪޔᐕઍᓟඨߩࠗࠡࠬᢥቇ⇇ߦߒߚޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߦߟߡ⠨ኤ ߒߚޕޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߪഭ⠪㓏⚖߮ਅጀਛ↥㓏⚖りߩኅ⟲ߢࠆޕᓐࠄߩຠ
ߩਥੱߪޔᣇㇺᏒߩഭ⠪㓏⚖߮ਅጀਛ↥㓏⚖ߩࠕࡦ࠴ࡅࡠߦ⸳ቯߐࠇߡ߅ ࠅޔᚢᓟߦ߅ߡ߽㓏⚖␠ળߣᏢ࿖ᗧ⼂ࠍ᷷ሽߔࠆࠛࠬ࠲ࡉ࠶ࠪࡘࡔࡦ࠻ߦኻߔࠆ
⊛ߥᆫ߇⽾߆ࠇߡߚޕߘࠇߪࠗࠡࠬᢥቇผߦ߅ߡਛᔃ⊛⟎ࠍභߡߚਛ↥
㓏⚖߮ᵹ㓏⚖りߩኅߦࠃࠆᢥቇ⊛ᱜౖߩၔࠍ፣ߔ ߟߩઙߢߞߚޕߣࠅࠊ ߌޔ ᐕߪᴦ⊛ߦ߽ᢥൻ⊛ߦ߽㊀ⷐߥᐕߣߥࠅޔࡂࡦࠟઙߣࠬࠛ࠭ෂᯏߣ߁ ߟߩ࿖㓙⚗ߩ⊒↢ߦࠃࠆᴦ⊛✕ᒛޔޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߩᣛᚻߢࠆ࡚ࠫࡦࠝ࠭ࡏ
ࡦߩᚨᦛޡᔶࠅࠍㄟߡᝄࠅࠇޢߩṶߣࡠ࠶ࠢࡦࡠ࡞ߩ㓉⋓ߦࠃࠆᢥൻ⊛ⴣ᠄ߪޔ
ࠗࠡࠬోࠍᄢ߈ߊំߐ߱ߞߚޕᤨઍߩఽߣߥߞߚޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߪޔߘߩหᤨ
ઍᕈ߆ࠄࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߦࠃߞߡᔶࠅ߿᛫߇ຠൻߐࠇߡᬺ⊛ᚑഞࠍࠆߣᰴ╙ߦᴉ㕒ൻ ߒߡߞߚ߇ޔਅጀ㓏⚖ߩ␠ળᢥൻ⊛ㅴߩޔᚢᓟઍߩ⧯⠪ߩ␠ળ⊛ᗧ⼂ߩߣ
߁ὐߢචಽ⹏ଔߦ୯ߔࠆޕࠃߞߡޔޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߪޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩ
⪚⧘ߣߥߞߚ⧯⠪ᢥൻߩ࠲࠾ࡦࠣࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ⟎ߠߌࠄࠇޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࠪ࠶
ࠢࠬ࠹ࠖ࠭ޠߩಽ᳓Ꭸߣߥߞߚ␠ળᢥൻ⊛Ზᄌേߢߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ
╙┨ߢߪޔᐕઍᧃᦼ߆ࠄᐕઍೋ㗡ߦ߆ߌߡࠗࠡࠬᤋ↹⇇ߢ㓉⋓ߒߚᤋ↹ㆇേ
ޟࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘ࠾ࡘ࠙ࠚࠗࡧޠߦߟߡ⠨ኤߒߚޕᚢᓟࠗࠡࠬᤋ↹⇇ߪࠕࡔ
ࠞߩࡂ࠙࠶࠼ᤋ↹ߩᏒ႐⁛භޔਛ↥㓏⚖ߩ㓏⚖り⊛ߥࡊࡠࡄࠟࡦ࠳ߢࠆޟᚢᤋ↹ޠ ߇㊂↥ߐࠇࠆ⁁ᴫߦߞߚޕߘߩേ߆ࠄޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߩឭ␜ߒߚ㓏⚖⊛㗴ᗧ⼂
ߦᔕߒߚ⧯ᚻᤋ↹⋙〈ߚߜ߇ޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߩේࠍᓐࠄߣหߢᤋ↹ൻߒߚ ޟࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘ࠾ࡘ࠙ࠚࠗࡧޠ߇ߎߞߚߩߢࠆޕޟࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘ࠾ࡘ
࠙ࠚࠗࡧޠߪޔ೨りߩޟࡈࠪࡀࡑޠ߆ࠄ৻⽾ߒߡഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩ⽎ࠍ⊛ࠕ࠭
ࡓߢឬ౮ߒߡ߈ߚޕߘࠇߪޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠ߆ࠄޟࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘ࠾ࡘ࠙ࠚࠗࡧޠ
߳ߩᢥൻ⊛ᵄࠍ␜ߒߡࠆޕߣࠅࠊߌޔ࠻࠾࠴ࡖ࠼࠰ࡦߣ࡚ࠫࡦࠝ࠭ࡏࡦ ߩⱣ㑐ଥߪᢥቇޔṶޔᤋ↹ߣ߁ⶄᢙߩᢥൻ㗔ၞࠍᮮᢿߔࠆᢥൻ⊛ㅪേᕈࠍ߽ߚࠄߒޔ
ᬺ⊛ᚑഞࠍߚޕߎ߁ߒߡޟࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘ࠾ࡘ࠙ࠚࠗࡧޠߪޔࠗࠡࠬᢥൻ
⇇ోࠍᵴᕈൻߐߖࠆߣߥߞߚߩߢࠆޕ
╙ ┨ߢߪޔࡆ࠻࡞࠭ߦઍߐࠇࠆࡐࡇࡘ㖸ᭉ⽎ޟࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘࠗࡦࡧࠚ
࡚ࠗࠫࡦޠߦߟߡ⠨ኤߒߚޕᐕઍߩ⧷☨ᢥൻߩࠠࡢ࠼ߪޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠ߿ޟࡆ
࠻ࠫࠚࡀ࡚ࠪࡦޠߦ⽎ᓽߐࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߩ᛫ߢࠅޔߘࠇߪ㤥ੱ㖸ᭉࠍ࡞࠷ߣߔ ࠆࡠ࠶ࠢࡦࡠ࡞ߣᝄߒߡߚޕᢥൻࠣࡠࡃ࡚ࠪࡦߦ߁⧷☨㑆ߩ࠻ࡦࠬ࠽
116
࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ߥᢥൻᮮᢿߦࠃߞߡࠕࡔࠞ߆ࠄᵹߒߚࡠ࠶ࠢࡦࡠ࡞ߦࠗࠡࠬવ⛔㖸ᭉߩ ⷐ⚛ࠍⲢวߐߖߚࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘࡠ࠶ࠢߪޔࠣࡠ࡚ࠞࠪࡦߩ↥‛ߢࠆߣ⸒߃ ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔਇ⦟ዋᐕ߆ࠄࠕࠗ࠼࡞߳ߩຠൻߦࠃߞߡೋᦼࡆ࠻࡞࠭ߩ․ᓽߢߞߚർ ㇱࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼ഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩ᛫⊛ⷐ⚛ߪឃ㒰ߐࠇࠆ⚿ᨐߣߥߞߚޕߘࠇߣᒁ߈឵߃ߦࡔ
ࠗࡦࠬ࠻ࡓߢᄢⴐᕈࠍ₪ᓧߒߚࡆ࠻࡞࠭ߪ㘧べߒޔࠕࡔࠞߩ⁛ს႐ߢߞߚࡐࡇ ࡘ㖸ᭉࠪࡦߩജ࿑ࠍႣࠅᦧ߃ߚߩߢࠆޕࡆ࠻࡞࠭ߩഞ❣ߪޔਛ↥㓏⚖ߩᢥൻ
⊛ⷓᮭࠍ⣕᭴▽ߒߡഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩ␠ળᢥൻ⊛ㅴࠍଦㅴߐߖޔ㖸ᭉ⊛࡞࠷ߢࠆࠕࡔ
ࠞߩ㤥ੱ㖸ᭉࠍᧄ࿖ࠕࡔࠞߦ߅ߡౣ⹏ଔߐߖޔࠝࠫ࠽࡞ᦛߦࠃࠆ⥄↱ߢഃㅧ⊛ߥ⥄
Ꮖߣ߁ࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ࠍ⏕┙ߒޔࡐࡇࡘ㖸ᭉߦ㕟ᣂࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚߎߣߢࠆޕߎ߁ߒ ߡޟࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘࠗࡦࡧࠚ࡚ࠗࠫࡦޠߪޔᣂ↢ࠗࠡࠬߩޟࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘࡀࠬޠߣ
߁࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߩౣ᭴▽ࠍታߐߖߚߩߢࠆޕ
╙┨ߢߪޔ⧷☨ߩޟࡐ࠶ࡊࠕ࠻ޠߦߟߡ⠨ኤߒߚޕᐕઍߩޟࡐ࠶ࡊࠕ࠻ޠ ߪࠕࡔࠞᄢⴐᢥൻߩᓇ㗀ਅߦߞߚ ᐕઍඨ߫ߩࠗࠡࠬߦߒߚޟࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪ
ࡘࡐ࠶ࡊࠕ࠻ޠߦ┵ࠍ⊒ߒޔߘߩㅪ⛯⊛⊒ዷߢࠆޟࠕࡔࠞࡦࡐ࠶ࡊࠕ࠻ޠ ߩ㐿⧎ߦࠃߞߡቯ⌕ߒߚޕࠕࡦ࠺ࠖ࠙ࠜࡎ࡞߇ਥዉߒߚޟࡐ࠶ࡊࠕ࠻ޠߪޔ
ਥ⟵ߥߤࡕ࠳࠾࠭ࡓߦኻߔࠆേߣߒߡޔᄢ㊂ᶖ⾌␠ળߩᄢⴐᢥൻࠍ࠹ࡑߦ࠳࠳⊛ߥޟ
⧓ⴚޠࠍឝߍޔᢾᣂߥࡕ࠹ࠖࡈߣᛛᴺߢ⧓ⴚߦ㕟ᣂࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚޕߘࠇߪᣢᚑߩ⧓ⴚⷰ
ࠍⷒߒޔ⧓ⴚߣᣣᏱ↢ᵴߩ〒㔌ࠍ❗ޔޟ㜞⚖ᢥൻ㧛ૐ⚖ᢥൻޠߣ߁ᢥൻ⊛Ⴚ⇇✢ࠍᩮᐩ ߆ࠄំࠆ߇ߖߚޔࠊ߫⎕უ⊛ഃㅧߢߞߚޕޟࡐ࠶ࡊࠕ࠻ޠ߇Ꮢ᳃ᮭࠍ₪ᓧߒߚℂ↱
ߪޔᄢⴐᢥൻࠍ⢐ቯ⊛ߦߒߡ⟤ⴚ⊛ଔ୯ࠍઃਈߒޔਁੱ߇ࠕࠢࠬน⢻ߥ࠺ࡕࠢ࠹
ࠖ࠶ࠢߥࠕ࠻ࠍឭ໒ߒߚὐߦࠅޔߘࠇߪᒰᤨߩ᳃ਥൻㆇേߥߤߩ␠ળ⊛േะࠍᤋߒ ߡߚޕࠃߞߡޔޟࡐ࠶ࡊࠕ࠻ޠߪޟࡂࠗࠕ࠻ޠࠍ㗂ὐߣߔࠆ⧓ⴚ⇇ߩᢥൻ⊛ⷓᮭ
ࠍ⣕᭴▽ߒߚ♿ߢᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥ⟤ⴚ㕟ߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ
╙ ┨ߢߪޔࠗࠡࠬߩޟࠬ࠻࠻ࡈࠔ࠶࡚ࠪࡦޠߦ߅ߌࠆᅚᕈࡈࠔ࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ
⽎ߦߟߡ⠨ኤߒߚޕᚢᓟߩࡈࠔ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ⇇ߢߪޔ㜞⚖ᵈᢥࠝ࠻ࠢ࠴ࡘ࡞߇ㅌߒޔ
ଔߢᄢ㊂↢↥߇น⢻ߥᣢᚑࡊ࠲ࡐ࡞࠹߇ਥᵹߣߥߞߡߞߚޕߘߩᵹࠇ߆ࠄޟࡂࠗ
ࡈࠔ࠶࡚ࠪࡦޠ߳ߩേߣߒߡޔࡕ࠶࠭߿࠴ࠚ࡞ࠪࠟ࡞ߣߞߚޟࠬ࠻࠻ࡈ ࠔ࠶࡚ࠪࡦޠ߇⊓႐ߔࠆޕߣࠅࠊߌޔࡑࠢࡢࡦ࠻ߩࡒ࠾ࠬࠞ࠻ߪޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦ
ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩᢥൻ⊛ࠗࠦࡦߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߒߚࡕ࠺࡞ߩ࠷ࠗ࠶ࠡߩᓇ㗀߽ߞߡ⊒⊛ߦ᥉
ߒߚޕ⡼ߩ㔺ߦࠃߞߡりᕈࠍࠃࠅᒝ⺞ߒߚߘߩ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߪᅚᕈߩりᗧ⼂ࠍ࠺ࠖ
ࠞ࡞ߦᄌൻߐߖߚ߇ޔߘࠇߪࠕࡔࠞߢบ㗡ߒߚࡈࠚࡒ࠾࠭ࡓㆇേߣ߽ㅪേߒߡߚޕࠗ
ࠡࠬߢ߽↵ᅚᐔ╬߿ᕈࠍߋࠆ⼏⺰߇ᵴ⊒ߦߥࠅޔᕈ⊛⸃ߩᯏㆇ߇㜞឴ߒޔߐ߹ߑ߹
ߥᴺᡷᱜߦࠃߞߡ␠ળ⊛ⷙ߇✭ߐࠇޔޟኡኈߥ␠ળޠ߇ታߒߚޕߎߩᕈ⊛⸃ߪᅚᕈ ߩ␠ળㅴߣߣ߽ߦᕈ⊛៦ขߣ߁㕙߽ౝ൮ߒߡߚ߇ޔઁᣇߢ࡙࠾࠶ࠢࠬߣ߁ࠫ
ࠚࡦ࠳Ⴚߩน⢻ᕈࠍ߽␜ໂߒߡߚޕࠃߞߡޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩᅚᕈࡈࠔ
࠶࡚ࠪࡦߪޔޟࡂࠗࡈࠔ࠶࡚ࠪࡦޠߩ⣕᭴▽ߦࠃࠆࡈࠔ࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩᄢⴐൻߦࠃߞߡᅚᕈߩ
117
␠ળᢥൻ⊛ߥ↢ᵴ᳓Ḱࠍะߐߖߚ࠺ࡕࠢ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥࡊࡠࠬߢߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ ╙┨ߢߪޔᐕઍᧃߩޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩ⚿ᧃࠍ⏕ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔޟࠬ࠙
ࠖࡦࠡࡦࠪ࠶ࠢࠬ࠹ࠖ࠭ޠએ㒠ߩ ᐕઍ߆ࠄ ᐕઍ߹ߢࠍᤨ♽ߢㄡࠅޔฦᐕઍߩ
․ᓽ⊛ߥ␠ળᢥൻ⁁ᴫࠍ⠨ኤߒߚޕޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߪ ᐕઍᓟඨߩޟࠞ࠙ࡦ
࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߦๆߐࠇߡ৻ൻߔࠆᒻߢޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࠪ࠶ࠢࠬ࠹ࠖ࠭ޠ߳ߣ
ᒛࠍㆀߍߚ߇ޔޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߩ⚳Ὣߣߣ߽ߦ⥄ὼᶖṌߒߡߞߚޕ
ᐕઍߦߞߡ߽ޔޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߩᱷ㗀ߪᓸ߆ߦ㡆ࠅ⛯ߌߡߪߚ߇ޔᬺ
ਥ⟵⊛㘑ầߦࠃߞߡហ߈ᶖߐࠇߡߞߚޕࠗࠡࠬߢߪޟࠗࠡࠬ∛ޠ߇⬧ᑧߒߡ⚻ᷣ
ṛ߇ᷓೞൻߒߡߚ߇ޔߘߩ㐽Ⴇᗵࠍᛂ⎕ߔࠆޟࡄࡦࠢޠ߇⊓႐ߔࠆޕޟࡄࡦࠢޠߪㆊỗߥ
⊛ᆫߢޔᛥߐࠇࠆഭ⠪㓏⚖ߩᔃᖱࠍઍᑯߒߡ⧯⠪ߦੱ᳇ࠍඳߒߚ߇ޔߘߩ
᛫߇ຠൻߐࠇߡᶖ⾌ߒዧߊߐࠇࠆߣޔࡄࡦࠢࡓࡧࡔࡦ࠻ߪ⚳Ὣࠍㄫ߃ߚޕ
ᐕઍߪޟࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓޠߦࠃߞߡ↥ᬺ᭴ㅧᡷ㕟߇ᢿⴕߐࠇޔ∋ᑷߔࠆ࿖ኅ⚻ᷣߩ┙
ߡ⋥ߒ߇࿑ࠄࠇߚޕߛ߇ޔߘߩᔀᐩ⊛ߥวℂൻ╷ߪഭ⠪㓏⚖߿⒖᳃ߥߤ␠ળ⊛ᒙ⠪ࠍ
ಾࠅᝥߡࠆౝኈߢࠅޔࠬ࠻ࠗࠠ߿േ߇㗫⊒ߒޔ␠ળಽⵚߩෂᯏࠍㄫ߃ߡߚޕ߹ߚޔ ᐕߩࡈࠜࠢࡦ࠼⚗ߪ⊛ߥ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࠭ࡓࠍ㜞឴ߐߖޔᄢ⧷Ꮲ࿖ߩᱷṗࠍ
ߐߖߚޕหᤨઍߦ㓉⋓ߒߚޟࡋ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠫᤋ↹ޠߪᏢ࿖⊛ࡁࠬ࠲࡞ࠫߩ⽎ߦઁߥࠄߥ
ޕ
ᐕઍߪޟࠨ࠶࠴ࡖ࠭ࡓޠ߳ߩേ߆ࠄޔหᤨઍࠍᛕ್⊛ߦ࿁㘈ߔࠆޟഭ⠪㓏⚖ᤋ
↹ޠ߇㓉⋓ߒޔޟࡉ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘ࠾ࡘ࠙ࠚࠗࡧޠߩ␠ળᵷࠕ࠭ࡓࠍౣߒߚޕ߹
ߚޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠࠍᓌᓓߣߐߖࠆޟࠢ࡞ࡉ࠲࠾ࠕޠ⽎߇ߎࠅޔ⧯
⠪ᢥൻ߇บ㗡ߒߚޕߘߩਛᔃߣߥߞߚ㖸ᭉ⽎ޟࡉ࠶࠻ࡐ࠶ࡊޠߪᢥൻ⊛ߦᶖ⾌ߒዧ ߊߐࠇߚߛߌߢߥߊޔഭౄߩᴦ⊛ࡊࡠࡄࠟࡦ࠳ߦ߽↪ߐࠇޔ⍴ߦ⚳ࠊߞߚޕ৻ᣇ ߢޔᏢ࿖ߩ⸃❗ዊ߇ㅴߺޔ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߩౣ✬߇ടㅦߒߡߞߚޕ ᐕઍޔ࿖㓙␠ળߪࠣࡠࡃ࡞ߥෂᯏߦ⋥㕙ߒߚޕᐕߦࠕࡔࠞหᤨᄙ⊒࠹ࡠ߇⊒↢
ߒޔࠕࡔࠞߪࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦ⚗ߦ〯ߺಾߞߚޕߐࠄߦ⧷☨ߪᄢ⟵ฬಽߩߥࠗࠢᚢ
ߦะ߆ߞߚޕߘߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡޔ ᐕߦ⊒↢ߒߚࡠࡦ࠼ࡦหᤨᄙ⊒࠹ࡠߪޔႎᓳߦᰴߋႎ ᓳߩ᭽⋧ࠍ๒ߒߡߚޕߘࠇߪੱ⒳߿ࠛࠬ࠾ࠪ࠹ࠖߣߞߚᏅ⇣ߛߌߢߥߊޔᴦޔ⚻ᷣޔ ቬᢎޔᢥൻߣߞߚࠄࠁࠆ␠ળ⊛ⷐ⚛߇ⶄ㔀ߦ⛊ߺว߁ᄙᢥൻਥ⟵ߩ㒢⇇ࠍ␜ߒߡߚ ߣ⸒߃ࠆޕޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߩࡂࡠ࡞࠼ࡇࡦ࠲ߪ⧷☨ߩァⴕὑࠍὼߣᛕ್ߒޔ᳃
ਥਥ⟵⊛ߥᔶࠅࠍߒߚޕ
ᐕઍߪޔᐕߦ࠳ࠗࡗࡕࡦ࠼ࠫࡘࡆߣࡠࡦ࠼ࡦࠝࡦࡇ࠶ࠢߣ߁ᄢࠗࡌ ࡦ࠻߇㐿ߐࠇޔࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߪᵴᴫߒߡߚޕߛ߇ޔ೨ᐕߦߪ⚻ᷣᩰᏅ߿⼊ኤᵴേߦኻߔࠆ ਇḩ߆ࠄࠗࠡࠬోߢേ߇ᄙ⊒ߒߚޕߘߩᓤߪ㓏⚖߿ੱ⒳߿ࠛࠬ࠾ࠪ࠹ࠖࠍ߃ߡ ᒻᚑߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ࿖᳃ߦⴣ᠄ࠍਈ߃ߚޕേߪࠕࡔࠞߩޟ࠙ࠜ࡞ⴝࠍභߖࠃޠ߿ޡᔶ ࠅࠍㄟߡᝄࠅࠇޢߩౣṶ߮ౣ⹏ଔߣߩᝄᕈ߽ࠄࠇޔ⚻ᷣఝవਥ⟵ߦኻߒߡ⚻
ᷣᩰᏅߣੱ⒳Ꮕߩᤚᱜߣ߁᳃ਥൻࠍ᳞ࠆ⊛ߥേะߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ
118
ޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߩ♖⊛⛮ᛚߦߟߡߪޔ ♿ߦߞߡ߆ࠄ߽ޔࠛࠬ࠲ࡉ࠶ࠪ
ࡘࡔࡦ࠻ߦኻߔࠆ⧯⠪ߩ᳃ਥ⊛ߥᔶࠅߣᛶ᛫߇ࠣࡠࡃ࡞߆ߟ࠻ࡦࠬ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ߥࡌ
࡞ߢߒߡࠆޕ࠹ࡠ߿േߪߘߩ৻┵ߦㆊ߉ߥ߇ޔ␠ળ⊛ᐔ╬ߩታࠍ᳞ߡ␠ળ ᄌ㕟ࠍߑߔᯏㆇ߇⇇ฦߢ㜞឴ߒߡࠆߎߣߪ㑆㆑ߥߛࠈ߁ޕߘߩᩮḮߣߥࠆ᳃
ਥ⊛ߥᔶࠅߣᛶ᛫ߪޔޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠ߆ࠄޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠࠍ⚻↱ߒߡޔ
ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢߒߡᢿ⛘ߐࠇࠆߎߣߥߊޔ⣂ޘߣ⛮ᛚߐࠇߡࠆޕࠃߞߡޔᚢᓟࠗࠡࠬ
⧯⠪ᢥൻߩ♖ߪޔߢ߽ㅪ⛯ᕈߣ⛮⛯ᕈࠍߒߡࠆߩߢࠆޕ
㧞㧚ޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩ␠ળᢥൻ⊛ᗧ⟵
ᦨᓟߦޔᐨ┨ߦ߅ߡឭ␜ߒߚᧄ⺰ߩ㗴ߢࠆޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߣ߁ᢥ ൻ⽎ߦߟߡߩ⚿⺰ࠍઃ⸥ߒߡ߅߆ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥޕ⧯⠪ߚߜߪ⾗ᧄਥ⟵߇↢ߺߒ ߚᶖ⾌␠ળߩਛߢ〭ࠄߐࠇߡߚߛߌߥߩߛࠈ߁߆ޔࠆߪ⧯⠪ߚߜߩਥ⊛ߥ␠ળᗧ
⼂߆ࠄ⊒ାߐࠇߚᢥൻᵴേߢߪߥ߆ߞߚߩߛࠈ߁߆ߣ߁㗴ߢࠆޕߘߎߢޔ߽߁৻ᐲ ޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩᒰ⠪ߚߜߣหᤨઍੱߩ⼂ࠍ⏕ߒߡߺߚޕ
1969 ᐕޔࡈࠔ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ౮⌀ኅߩ࠺ࡧࠖ࠶࠼ࡌࠗߣࠫࡖ࠽ࠬ࠻ߩࡇ࠲ࠛ
ࡧࠔࡦࠬߪޡߐࠃߥࠄࡌࠗࡆޔࠕࡔࡦ㧦60ᐕઍߦᝤߍࠆࠨࡃࡦ࠼ޢ(Goodbye Baby and Amen: A Saraband for the sixties, 1969)ࠍ ߒޔ߹ߛ1ᐕࠍᱷߒߡࠆߩߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ60 ᐕઍࠍ࿁㘈ߒߡޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߦᝤߍࠆ⎼ᢥࠍߒߚߚߡࠆޕ
It will be a little time yet before the writers and sociologists, and all the other chart makers, get the age pinned down beneath the seismograph needles and make patterns that are not merely pretty, but enlightening. Meanwhile, we shall recall it with pleasure and fury and some sadness too. The sawn-off swingers, perhaps one day the new martyrs, made it tolerable and amusing. It was great fun. Sure. (Bailey and Evans 237)
ຟᗜࠍᏪ߮ߚߎߩ⪺ᦠߪߐߐ߆⥄Ꮖ⸒⊛ߥ⹜ߺߢߪࠆ߇ޔ1ߟߩᤨઍߩᄞߣ♖ࠍ
ࠄ߆ߩᒻߢᱷߒߚޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩᢥൻੱߚߜߩฬࠍ᳗㆙ߦೞߺㄟߎߣߦ ᚑഞߒߡࠆޕߘࠇߪනߥࠆ⥄Ꮖ㒻㈮ߦߣߤ߹ࠄߕޔࡌࠗߣࠛࡧࠔࡦࠬߪޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦ
ࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠ߇ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߦࠃߞߡ⋓ࠎߦ༗વߐࠇߡൻߐࠇߚ⽎ߛߣ߁ታࠍ
⥄ⷡߒߡ߅ࠅޔߘߩߦߟߡᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⋴⎕ߒߡࠆޕ
Now it is sometimes said that Swinging London, like Camelot, was at heart a beautiful myth; the molten fraud of the commerce, and copywriters, and journalists, carried to the far corners of the earth by sexual fantasists who floated by in clouds of lavender coaches, like shy lovers in tunnels of love, unwilling to admit disappointment. (Bailey and Evans 10)
119
ߛ߇ޔᓐࠄߪޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠ߇᧪⊛ߦᗧ⟵ߩࠆ߽ߩߦߥࠆߎߣࠍାߓߡ
⇼ߞߡ߅ࠄߕޔ⏕ାߔࠄᛴߡࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ
ߎ߁ߒߚᒰ⠪ߚߜߦࠃࠆᅢᗧ⊛ߥ⸥㍳ࠍᅦᗐߣߒߡㅌߌߚหᤨઍੱ߽ࠆޕᵷߩ ᛕ⹏ኅࠢࠬ࠻ࡈࠔࡉ࠶ࠞߪޡᣂߒ߽ߩᅢ߈ߚߜޢ(The Neophiliacs: A Study of the Revolution in English Life in the Fifties and Sixties, 1969)ߦ߅ߡޔ60ᐕઍࠍ᰼ᦸߩ⇇ߦṃࠇ ߚ࠽ࡦࡦࠬߣߒߡో㕙⊛ߦุቯߒ(Booker 308)ޔࡉ࠶ࠞߣหߓવ⛔ਥ⟵⠪ߩࡃ࠽
࠼ࡧࠖࡦ(Bernard Levin, 1928-2004)߽ߎߩ⼏⺰ߦห⺞ߒߡࠆ(Levin 186-187)ޕߎߩࠃ߁ ߦޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߪᔟᭉ⊛ᶖ⾌ߣ⥄↱ࠍ⻭ߔࠆޟኡኈߥ␠ળޠߩ⽎ᓽߣߒ ߡᵷ߆ࠄߪᩰᅢߩᛕ್ኻ⽎ߣߐࠇޔᬺਥ⟵߳ߩ⋤ᓥߣ㕖㔍ߐࠇߚޕ⏕߆ߦޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖ
ࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߪࠕࡔࠞဳᏒ႐⚻ᷣߩᶖ⾌␠ળߦขࠅㄟ߹ࠇޔߦຠൻߐࠇߡ ᶖ⾌ߒዧߊߐࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚ߇ޔߘߩ␠ળᢥൻ⊛ᗧ⟵߇ోߊߥ߆ߞߚߣ⸒ಾࠇࠆ⠪ߪߥ
ߛࠈ߁ޕ
ฦ┨ߢ⠨ኤߒߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߦޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩᦨᄢߩ․⾰ߪޔᢥൻ㗔ၞߦ߅ ߌࠆવ⛔⊛ߥଔ୯♽ߩ፣უ߿Ⴚ⇇✢ߩᶖṌߢࠆޕ50 ᐕઍߩޟᔶࠇࠆ⧯⠪ߚߜޠߩ♖
⊛⛮ᛚߢࠆᔶࠅߣ᛫ߪޔᢥൻ⊛ㅪ⛯ᕈߩࠆ60ᐕઍߩޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩ ᢥൻ㗔ၞߦ߅ߡࠛࠬ࠲ࡉ࠶ࠪࡘࡔࡦ࠻ߦኻߔࠆേ߿ᛶ᛫ߣߒߡޔ⊛߆ߟ㕟ᣂ
⊛േะ߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇߚߎߣߦ⸽ߐࠇߡࠆޕᡰ㈩⊛ᢥൻߩⷓᮭ߿ఝᕈࠍ⣕᭴▽ߔࠆߘߩ
࠺ࡕࠢ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥᵴേߪޔታߩ␠ળోࠍᄌ㕟ߔࠆ߹ߢߦߪ⥋ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ߇ޔ⧯⠪ߩ
␠ળᢥൻ⊛ㅴࠍଦㅴߒߚഞ❣ߪචಽ⹏ଔߦ୯ߔࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ߹ߚޔߘߩ␠ળ⊛㗴ᗧ⼂
ߪޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩᄬㅦߣࠇᦧࠊࠆᒻߢሽᗵࠍჇߒߡߞߚ60ᐕઍᓟඨ ߩޟࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡞࠴ࡖޠߢౣΆߒߚޕ
ߚߛޔ60 ᐕઍߦ߅ߡߘࠇએߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ജࠍᜬߞߚߩ߇ᶖ⾌␠ળߢߞߚޕᚢᓟࠗ
ࠡࠬ߇‛⾰⊛⼾߆ߐࠍ੨ฃߒޔഭ⠪㓏⚖߇⚻ᷣ⊛ᤨ㑆⊛ࠍ₪ᓧߒߚߎߣ߇⧯⠪
ᢥൻߩᒻᚑࠍᓟߒߒߚታߪุቯߢ߈ߥޕᢥൻߩᶖ⾌⠪ߣߥߞߚ⧯⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ⧯
⠪Ꮢ႐߇㐿ᜏߐࠇߚߛߌߢߥߊޔᢥൻߩഃㅧ⠪ߣߒߡ߽⧯⠪߇ਥ⊛ߦሽᗵࠍ⊒ើߔࠆ ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡߞߚޕ✚ߣߒߡޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߪᶖ⾌␠ળߣߩኒធߥ㑐ଥ ᕈࠍᛮ߈ߦ⺆ࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥޕࠃߞߡޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠ߇ᶖ⾌␠ળࠍ೨ឭߣ ߒߡᚑ┙ߒߡߚᢥൻ⽎ߛߞߚߣ߁㒢⇇ߪߑࠆࠍᓧߥߛࠈ߁ޕᄢⴐᢥൻߣᶖ⾌
␠ળߪਇนಽߥ㑐ଥߦࠆޕ⾗ᧄߩ⺰ℂߦ࿁ߐࠇࠆ߆ޔᚢⴚ⊛ߦߘࠇࠍ㍲ੂߐߖࠆߎߣ ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߪޔᏱߦⵣ৻ߢࠆޕᢥൻߪࡔࠗࡦࠬ࠻ࡓߢᄢⴐᕈࠍ₪ᓧߔࠆ ߣหᤨߦޔᶖ⾌␠ળߦ࿁ߐࠇޔᒰೋߩᗧ࿑߿ᴦᕈࠍ༚ᄬߒߡߒ߹߁ޕߘߩᗧߢޔޟࠬ
࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߣᶖ⾌␠ળߪࠊ߫‽㑐ଥߦߞߚߣ⸒ߞߡޕ
ߛ߇ޔᢥൻߩ⥄ᓞᕈ߇ᶖṌߔࠆߣ߁ࠊߌߢߪߥޕㅒ⺑⊛ߛ߇ޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ
࠼ࡦޠߩᶖ⾌␠ળ߳ߩធㄭߣᄢⴐᕈߩ₪ᓧߪޔᢥൻ⊛↢ജߩᶖ⠻ߣᒁ߈឵߃ߦߘߩน⢻
ᕈࠍ৻ᤨ⊛ߦჇᄢߐߖࠆ߽ߩߢ߽ߞߚޕޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߪฦᢥൻ㑆ߢ㗔ၞᮮ
120
ᢿ⊛ߥㅪേࠍㅢߒߡޔᶖ⾌␠ળߩ⧯⠪Ꮢ႐߇ᜬߟ⿰ะߩ㒢⇇ࠍ⓭⎕ߒߡߊࠃ߁ߥࠗࡑࠫ
ࡀ࡚ࠪࡦ߿ࠢࠛࠗ࠹ࠖࡧߩ㕟ᣂ⊛ߥࠅᣇߣߘߩᣇะᕈࠍឭ␜ߒߚߩߢࠆޕࡂ࡞
ࡈࠜࠬ࠲(Hal Foster, 1955-)ߪޡ⟤ቇޢ(The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture, 1983)ߦ߅ߡޔࡐࠬ࠻ࡕ࠳ࡦᢥൻࠍ2ߟߦߒߡࠆ(Foster xii)ޕ1ߟߪޟേޠ(reacition) ߩࡐࠬ࠻ࡕ࠳ࡦߢࠅޔ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߩ⺰ℂࠍᤋߒޔౣߒޔᒝൻߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
߽߁1ߟߪޟᛶ᛫ޠ(resistance)ߩࡐࠬ࠻ࡕ࠳ࡦߢࠅޔ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߦᛕ್⊛ߢኻ┙⊛ߢࠈ߁ ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߪޔߘߩޟേޠߣޟᛶ᛫ޠߣ߁ਔ⟵ᕈ ࠍౝ൮ߒߚ․ᱶߥᢥൻ⽎ߛߞߚߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆ޕ
ࠕࠨࡑ࠙ࠖ࠶ࠢߪޔᄢⴐߩࠗࡈࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߦ㑐ࠊࠆޟᢥൻ㕟ޠ߇߈ߚߣ⹏
ଔߒߚޕࡠࡃ࠻ࡅࡘࠗ࠰ࡦߪޔ60ᐕઍᢥൻߩ㕟ᣂᕈࠍ⹏ଔߒߟߟ߽ޔ“But it was also a fantasy, since it was based on the illusion of unending economic expansion.” (Hewison, Too Much
303) ߣߘߩ㒢⇇ࠍᜰ៰ߒߡࠆޕ߹ߚޔห᭽ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄޔࡑࠢ࠼ࡀ(Mark Donnelly)
ߪ“the optimism and cultural vitality of the high sixties was an exceptional interlude in the country's long post-war history.” (194) ߣಽᨆߔࠆޕ╙7┨ߢ⠨ኤߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼
ࡦޠએ㒠ߩ␠ળᢥൻ⁁ᴫ߆ࠄߪ⥋ࠆᚲߦߘߩᢥൻ⊛ߥ∥〔߿ᒁ↪߇ᢔߐࠇࠆޕᣣߩ
ࠗࡈࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞߽ 60 ᐕઍߣኻ┙⊛ߥ߽ߩߢߪߥߊޔߒࠈߘߩᑧ㐳ᚢߦࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁ޕ ߒߚ߇ߞߡޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߪޟᢥൻ㕟ޠߣ߱ߦߪߐߐ߆ήℂ߇ࠆ߆
߽ߒࠇߥ߇ޔޟࡔ࠺ࠖࠕޠߣ ઃߌࠆߎߣ߽ห᭽ߦ㔍ߒޕ
ߚߛޔ৻ߟ⏕߆ߥߎߣߪޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠ߇ޟ⧯⠪ߩޔ⧯⠪ߦࠃࠆޔ⧯⠪ߩ ߚߩᢥൻޠߛߞߚߣ߁ታߢࠆޕࡌࠗߣࠛࡧࠔࡦࠬ߇ᧂ᧪ߩ⧯⠪ᢥൻ߳Ꮧᦸߩ ࡔ࠶ࠫࠍ⸤ߒߡࠆࠃ߁ߦޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߪᰴઍߩ⧯⠪ߚߜߦߣߞߡ
࡚ࠢࠛࠗࠪࡦ߿ࡁࡌ࡚ࠪࡦ߇น⢻ߥᢥൻ⊛㔇ဳࠍឭ␜ߒߚߩߢࠆޕߘߒߡޔޟࠬ
࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩߩ᳗⛯ᕈ߆ࠄ߽ޔએ㒠ߩ␠ળᢥൻ⊛ᓇ㗀ജ߆ࠄ߽ߘߩ␠ળ ᢥൻ⊛ᗧ⟵ߪࠄ߆ߢࠅޔޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠߩ߽ߚࠄߒߚ㕟ᣂ⊛ഃㅧᕈߪᚢᓟ
ࠗࠡࠬߩ↢ࠎߛᢥൻ⊛ㆮ↥ߢࠆߣ⚿⺰ߠߌߚޕࠗࠡࠬࠄߒવ⛔ߣ㕟ᣂ⊛ߥ೨ⴡ ࠍሽߐߖߚޟࠬ࠙ࠖࡦࠡࡦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦޠ߇ߘ߁ߢߞߚࠃ߁ߦޔ⧯⠪ᢥൻߪࠣࡠࡃ࡞
߆ߟ࠻ࡦࠬ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ߥᢥൻᮮᢿ߿ޟࠦࡦ࠲ࠢ࠻࠱ࡦޠߦ߅ߌࠆᢥൻᄌኈࠍ⚻ߡޔ
⁛⥄ߩࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖࠍ₪ᓧߔࠆᣂߒ⥄↱ߥࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ࠍᵹേ⊛ߦ↢ߺߒޔ⥝ࠍ➅ ࠅߒߟߟ߽ޔᰴઍߩ⧯ઍߩ♖ߩᩮᐙߦ⸷߃ࠆߎߣߩߢ߈ࠆ࠺ࡕࠢ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥ ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߣߒߡޔᓟ߽ᯏ⢻ߒ⛯ߌߡߊߎߣߛࠈ߁ޕ
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