ᐇᅾ㠀⥺ᙧ࣭」㞧ᕤᏛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᛂ⏝㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲
㹙㹛⤌⧊
◊✲௦⾲⪅
ᇼᑿ ႐ᙪ㸦ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲ᡤ㸧
㏻◊ᑐᛂᩍဨ
ᇼᑿ ႐ᙪ㸦ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲ᡤ㸧
◊✲ศᢸ⪅
Ᏻ㐩㞞㸦ᮾி㟁ᶵᏛᕤᏛ㒊㸧
ụཱྀᚭ㸪㛗㇂ᕝᖿ㞝㸪㯮⏣ె⧊㸦ᮾி⌮⛉
ᏛᕤᏛ㒊㸧
⸨ཎᐶኴ㑻㸦ᮾிᏛᅜ㝿㧗➼◊✲ᡤࢽ࣮ࣗ
ࣟࣥࢸࣜࢪ࢙ࣥࢫᅜ㝿◊✲ᶵᵓ㸧 ᓥ⏣⿱㸦ᇸ⋢ᏛᕤᏛ㒊㸧
⚄㔝ဢ㸦ᮾி㒔ᕷᏛᕤᏛ㒊㸧
ᮌᮧ㈗ᖾ㸪㐍⸨༟ஓ㸦᪥ᮏᕤᴗᏛᇶᖿᕤᏛ 㒊㸧
ᯇᾆ㝯ᩥ㸦᪥ᮏᕤᴗᏛඛ㐍ᕤᏛ㒊㸧 㛵ᒇ㞝㸪ᑠᐊಙ႐㸦༓ⴥᏛᏛ㝔⼥ྜ⌮
ᕤᏛᗓ㸧
ᘬཎ㝯ኈ㸦ி㒔ᏛᏛ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㸧 ᏳᮾᘯὈ㸦⟃ἼᏛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ሗ⣔㸧 㯮ᕝᘯ❶㸦ᮾிᕤ⛉ᏛᕤᏛ㒊㸧 ຍ⸨⚽⾜㸦ศᏛᕤᏛ㒊㸧 㧗ᶫு㸦ឡ▱ᕤ⛉ᏛᕤᏛ㒊㸧 㯞ཎᐶஅ㸦ᒸᒣ⌮⛉ᏛᕤᏛ㒊㸧 ᑠᯘᖿ㸦❧ṇᏛ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊㸧 Ⳣ㔝㝯㸦⚟ᒸᏛᕤᏛ㒊㸧 ᶲಇᏹ㸦•༡ᕤ⛉ᏛᕤᏛ㒊㸧 ಖᆏு㸦⚟ᒸᏛ⌮Ꮫ㒊㸧
ᘏཧຍேᩘ㸸 ே
㹙㹛◊✲⤒㐣
᭱᪂ࡢ㠀⥺ᙧ⣔࠾ࡼࡧ」㞧⣔ࡢ⌮ㄽࢆࠊᐇᅾࡍࡿ
㠀⥺ᙧ࣭」㞧ᕤᏛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ
ࡼࡾຠ⋡ⓗ࡛㧗ᛶ⬟࡞ᕤᏛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿඹ
ࠊᐇᅾࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆ⌮ㄽ◊✲㑏 ඖࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ⌮ㄽ◊✲ᐇᢏ⾡ࡢ┦⿵ⓗ࡞
῝ࢆࡣࡿࡇࡀᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᖜᗈ࠸㠀⥺ᙧ⣔࣭」㞧⣔࡛ඹ㏻ぢࡽ
ࢀࡿᬑ㐢ⓗᛶ㉁ࡸ᭱᪂⌮ㄽࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊලయⓗ࡞ᕤ Ꮫࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢゎᯒࡸタィࢆ⾜࠺ࠋྠࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ ᐇᅾᕤᏛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢゎᯒ࣭タィࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆࠊ 㠀⥺ᙧ⣔࣭」㞧⣔ࡢ⌮ㄽ◊✲㑏ඖࡋࠊ⌮ㄽ◊✲
ᐇ࣭ᐇ㦂◊✲ࡢᚠ⎔ࢆࡣࡿࠋ ௨ୗࠊ◊✲άື≧ἣࡢᴫせࢆグࡍࠋ
ᮏᖺᗘࡣᖺ┠ࠊ᭱⤊ᖺᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡇࡢࣉ
ࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㛤ጞ❧ࡕୖࡆࡓࠕ㠀⥺ᙧ⣔࣭」㞧⣔
⌮ㄽᛂ⏝◊✲ࠖࢆࠊ᮶ᖺᗘ௨㝆ࡢᒎ㛤ࡶ⪃៖ࡋ
࡚ࠊᖺྠᵝ㛵㐃ࡢ῝࠸ࡘࡢඹྠࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡ ࢺ◊✲ࠊ࠙+%ࠚࠕ㧗࿘Ἴ↓⥺㟁ຊఏ㏦ࢩࢫࢸ࣒
ࡢ᭱㐺タィ㧗ຠ⋡ไᚚᡭἲࡢ☜❧ࠖ࠙+%ࠚ ࠕ㠀⥺ᙧຊᏛ⣔⌮ㄽᇶ࡙ࡃ⩌▱⬟᭱㐺ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࠾
ࡼࡧࡑࡢᛂ⏝㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖࠊཬࡧࠊ Ꮫྜྠ࡛
㛤ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ㠀⥺ᙧ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࠖࡢྜྠ࡛
ୗグࡢᵝ㛤ദࡋࡓࠋ
࠙௧㸯ᖺᗘ 㠀⥺ᙧ⣔࣭」㞧⣔⌮ㄽᛂ⏝◊✲ࠚ ௧ᖺ᭶᪥㸪᪥㸹ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲
ᡤ ࢼࣀ࣭ࢫࣆࣥ⥲ྜ◊✲Ჷ $ᐊࠊ$ᐊ ࠗ୪ิඹⓎჾタィࡢ୍⪃ᐹ࠘ࠊ㛵ᒇ㞝㸦༓
ⴥᏛ㸧
ࠗ☜⋡ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᑐࡍࡿࣜࢨࣂ࣮ィ⟬ࡢண ᛶ
⬟ホ౯࠘ࠊᏳᮾᘯὈ㸦⟃ἼᏛ㸧
ࠗ㠀⥺ᙧຊᏛ⣔ᇶ࡙ࡃ」ᩘゎ᥈⣴ࣝࢦࣜࢬ
࣒࠘ࠊᒣ௰ⰾ㸦Ᏹ㒔ᐑᏛ㸧
ࠗ362ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ࿘ᮇⅬ࠾ࡼࡧศᒱⅬࡢ୍ィ⟬ἲ࠘ࠊ 㧗ᆏᣅྖ㸦୰ிᏛ㸧
ࠗ㛫㐜ࢀࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣛࣥࢲ࣒
ຊᏛ⣔ࡢไᚚ࠘ࠊᑠᯘ ᖿ㸦❧ṇᏛ㸧
ࠗ࢝࢜ࢫࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࢲࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢢࣛࣇ
ⓗࢩࣗࢱࢼ࣮ᮌၥ㢟ࡢゎἲࡢ᥈⣴㐣⛬ࡢゎᯒ࠘ࠊ
⸨⏣ᐇἋ㸦ᮾி⌮⛉Ꮫ㸧
ࠗࢽ࣮ࣗࣛࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࠾ࡼࡧ᭱㐺ࣝࢦ
ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢࣁࣈࣜࢵࢻࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⣔ิண ࠘ࠊ᪥ᡞ㞝ྖ㸦ᮾி㟁ᶵᏛ㸧
ࠗ␚ࡳ㎸ࡳࢽ࣮ࣗࣛࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ࣐
ࣥ࢞ࡢᵓᡂせ⣲᳨ฟ࠘ࠊྜྷᾏ ㄹ㸦ᮾி㟁ᶵᏛ㸧 ࠗࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ㐀ࡀሗᣑᩓ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡢ
ゎᯒ࠘ࠊࢪ࢚ࣙࣟࣥ㸦ᮾி⌮⛉Ꮫ㸧
ඹྠࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲
ࠗࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢢࣛࣇ㊥㞳ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓゝㄒࢿࢵࢺ࣡
࣮ࢡࡢゎᯒ࠘ࠊ┾ᓊ♳ᖹ㸦ᮾி⌮⛉Ꮫ㸧
ࠗ323086,&ἲࢆᨵⰋࡋࡓ763ࡢᯞ᥈⣴ᡭἲ࠘ࠊ ᅵబ┿⩏㸦ᮾி⌮⛉Ꮫ㸧
ࠗࢫࣆࣥࢺࣟࢽࢡࢫࢹࣂࢫᇶ࡙ࡃࢩࢼࣉࢫ ࡢᩘ⌮ࣔࢹࣝ࠘ࠊబ⸨ᣅ㸦ᮾᏛ㸧
ࠗᣑᙇ/RUHQ]ീᇶ࡙ࡃᨃఝᩘ⏕ᡂࣁ࣮ࢻ
࢙࢘ࡢᛶ⬟ホ౯࠘ࠊᐑෆΎᏕ㸦ᮾᏛ㸧 ࠗ㡰ิ࢚ࣥࢺࣟࣆ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ࢝࢜ࢫࢽ࣮ࣗࣛࣝ
ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࣜࢨࣂ࣮ࡢࢲࢼ࣑ࢡࢫゎᯒ࠘ࠊ⚟
⏣ె♸㸦ᮾᏛ㸧
ࠗ࢝࢜ࢫࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࣜࢨࣂ̿ࡢ
ࢼࣟࢢ㟁Ꮚᅇ㊰ᐇ࠘ࠊୖ⌮ဴே㸦ᮾᏛ㸧
ࠗࢫࣆࣥࢺࣟࢽࢡࢫࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࢹࣂࢫࡢෆ㒊 ᗘࢲࢼ࣑ࢡࢫᇶ࡙ࡃᩘ⌮ࣔࢹࣝࡢᵓ⠏࠘ࠊ
⳥ᆅඃᚿ㸦ᮾᏛ㸧
ࠗ↓ᑕఏ㏦⥺㊰ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㧗㞧㡢ୗ࠾
ࡅࡿ㡢ኌㄆ㆑ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣉࣞࣇࣝࢱࣜࣥࢢ࠘ࠊ⧊
㛫Ᏺ㸦ᮾᏛ㸧
ࠗࣈࣞࣥࣔࣝࣇࢵࢡࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸࣥࢢࣁ
࣮ࢻ࢙࢘ࡢࢫࣆࣥࢺࣟࢽࢡࢫ⣲Ꮚࡢᛂ⏝࠘ࠊ ᇼᑿ႐ᙪ㸦ᮾᏛ㸧
ࠗ㞳ᩓ㛫ຊᏛ⣔ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓከⅬ᥈⣴ᆺ᭱㐺
ࡢᛂ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚࠘ࠊᆤ᰿ ṇ㸦㛗ᒸᢏ⾡⛉ᏛᏛ㸧
༙ࠗ㝵ᒙᆺࢽ࣮ࣗࣛࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢᶵᲔᏛ⩦
ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒࠘ࠊ⸨ཎᐶኴ㑻㸦ᮾிᏛ㸧 ࠗࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇぢࡽࢀࡿேࡢ⡆⣲࡞ពᛮỴᐃࡢ
ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ᛶ࠘ࠊ㯮ᕝᘯ❶㸦ᮾிᕤ⛉Ꮫ㸧 ࠗࣄࢫࢸࣜࢩࢫࢽ࣮ࣗࣛࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡィ⟬
㔞࠘ࠊ⚄㔝ဢ㸦ᮾி㒔ᕷᏛ㸧 㹙㹛ᡂᯝ
㸦㸧◊✲ᡂᯝ
ᮏᖺᗘࡣ㸪௨ୗ♧ࡍ◊✲ᡂᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ
ࡲࡎ➨ࠊ⬻ᆺ㞟✚ᅇ㊰ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࢫ
ࣆࣥࢺࣟࢽࢡࢫࢹࣂࢫࡢ≀⌮ⓗ≉ᛶ࣭ࢲࢼ࣑ࢡ ࢫࢆ┤᥋ⓗά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡸࢩࢼࣉࢫ㢮 ఝࡋࡓᶵ⬟࣭ࢲࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࢆ♧ࡍࢼࣀࢹࣂࢫࢆᥦ
ࡍࡿࡶࠊࡑࡢᩘ⌮ࣔࢹࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓࠋ
➨ࠊࣜࢨࣂ࣮ィ⟬㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ☜⋡ࢩࢫࢸ࣒
ࡼࡿண ࡸ㛫㐜ࢀࡁࣛࣥࢲ࣒㐣⛬ࡢᛂ⏝ࠊ࢝࢜
ࢫࣜࢨࣂ࣮ࡼࡿㄆ㆑ࠊࡉࡽࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ㟁Ꮚᅇ㊰
ᐇࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
➨ࠊ᭱㐺ၥ㢟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸⩌▱⬟᭱㐺
ࡢࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࢆᥦࡋࡓࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ከⅬ᥈⣴ᆺ
᭱㐺ᡭἲࡢᥦࠊࣄࢫࢸࣜࢩࢫࢽ࣮ࣗࣛࣝࢿࢵࢺ
࣮࣡ࢡࡢᑟධࠊ362ࡢศᒱゎᯒࡢᛂ⏝ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
➨ࠊ㟁ຊࢩࢫࢸ࣒㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ('⣭ࢥࣥࣂ࣮
ࢱ࣮ᅇ㊰ࡢᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ୪ิඹⓎᅇ㊰ࢆᥦࡋࠊ ࡑࡢタィᡭἲࢆゎᯒⓗᑟฟࡋࡓࠋ
➨ࠊ⬻ࡢሗฎ⌮ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ༙㝵ᒙᆺࡢࢽ
࣮ࣗࣛࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᑐࡍࡿᶵᲔᏛ⩦ἲࢆᥦࡋ ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢝࢜ࢫࢽ࣮ࣗࣛࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡼࡿࢢ
ࣛࣇࢩࣗࢱࢼ࣮ၥ㢟ࡢゎἲࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊࡌ
ࡷࢇࡅࢇࢆࡋ࡚ࠊே㛫ࡢពᛮỴᐃࣛࣥࢲ࣒ᛶ
ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡓࠋ
➨ࠊ⼗∵ࡢ≉ᛶࢆ᭱㝈⏕ࡋࡓࣁ࣮ࢻ࢘
࢙ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ↓ᑕఏ㏦⥺㊰ࣔࢹࣝࡢ㧗㞧 㡢࡛ࡢ≉ᛶࢆ⢭ᰝࡋࡓࠋ
㸦㸧ἼཬຠᯝⓎᒎᛶࠊ◊✲ศ㔝ࡢ㈉⊩࡞
ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣࠊከᵝ࡞ศ㔝ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀཧຍ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ」㞧⣔࣭㠀⥺ᙧ⣔ࢆ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡇࢀࡽ␗ศ㔝㛫ࡢὶࡀᮏ◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚άⓎࡘ
⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ」ᩘࡢ⛉◊㈝ᇶ┙◊✲6
$ࡸᣮᡓⓗ◊✲࡞ࡢ⏦ㄳ⧅ࡀࡗࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢᏛ⾡ศ㔝ࡢ㈉⊩ࡋ࡚ࠊ㟁Ꮚ
ሗ㏻ಙᏛ12/7$ࢯࢧ࢚ࢸ࣭㠀⥺ᙧၥ㢟◊✲
࠾ࡼࡧ」㞧ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࡁ
࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿඹࠊ௨ୗࡢᅜ㝿ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘
࡚ࢫ࣌ࢩࣕࣝࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ⏬ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ,((( 7KH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RLQW &RQIHUHQFH RQ 1HXUDO 1HWZRUNV̿%XGDSHVW+XQJDU\
,QWHUQDWLRQDO6\PSRVLXPRQ1RQOLQHDU7KHRU\DQG,WV
$SSOLFDWLRQV㸫.XDOD/XPSXU0DOD\VLD ᮏ◊✲ࡢᡂᯝࡼࡾࠊᐇᅾࡍࡿ」㞧ᕤᏛࢩࢫࢸ࣒
ࡢᬑ㐢ⓗᛶ㉁ࡀᑡࡋࡎࡘ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࠊࡇ
ࢀࡼࡾࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸」㞧ᕤᏛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢタィ࣭ไᚚㄽ ࡀ㐀ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ
>@ᡂᯝ㈨ᩱ
>@ .XUHQNRY 6 'XWWD*XSWD & =KDQJ 6 )XNDPL <
+RULR DQG + 2KQR ³$UWLILFLDO QHXURQ DQG V\QDSVH UHDOL]HG LQ DQ DQWLIHUURPDJQHWIHUURPDJQHW KHWHUR VWUXFWXUH XVLQJ G\QDPLFV RI VSLQRUELW WRUTXH VZLWFKLQJ¶¶ $GYDQFHG 0DWHULDOV '2, DGPD
>@ < +RULR ³$ EUDLQPRUSKLF FRPSXWLQJ KDUGZDUH SDUDGLJP WKURXJK FRPSOH[ QRQOLQHDU G\QDPLFV´ LQ 8QGHUVWDQGLQJ &RPSOH[ 6\VWHPV 6SULQJHU '2,B
>@ ᇼᑿ႐ᙪ㸪͆ࣈࣞࣥࣔࣝࣇࢵࢡࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗ
ࢸࣥࢢ≀⌮ࢹࣂࢫࡢᮇᚅ͇ᛂ⏝≀⌮㸪
>@ + 0DWVXVKLWD + .XURNDZD DQG 7 .RXVDND
³1HVWHGOD\HU SDUWLFOH VZDUP RSWLPL]DWLRQ PHWKRG IRU ELIXUFDWLRQ SRLQW GHWHFWLRQ LQ QRQDXWRQRPRXV V\VWHPV´12/7$,(,&((1
>@ 7.RPDL6-.LP7.RXVDNDDQG+.XURNDZD
³$ KXPDQ EHKDYLRU VWUDWHJ\ HVWLPDWLRQ PHWKRG XVLQJ KRPRORJ\ VHDUFK IRU 5RFN6FLVVRUV3DSHU JDPH´-RXUQDORI6LJQDO3URFHVVLQJ
ඹྠࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲
>@ < )XMLWD DQG + .XURNDZD ³*HQHWLFDOJRULWKP EDVHG HYDFXDWLRQ VLJQ DUUDQJHPHQW PHWKRG XVLQJ PXOWLDJHQW VLPXODWLRQ´ - RI 6LJQDO 3URFHVVLQJ
>@ <6KLPDGD07DWDUD.)XMLZDUDDQG7,NHJXFKL
³)RUPDWLRQ PHFKDQLVPV RI ORFDO VWUXFWXUHV LQ ODQJXDJH QHWZRUNV´ (3/ '2,
>@ 7 ,NHJXFKL DQG < 6KLPDGD ³$QDO\VLV RI V\QFKURQL]DWLRQRIPHFKDQLFDOPHWURQRPHV´,Q9 ,Q3/RQJKLQLDQG$3DODFLRVHGV8QGHUVWDQGLQJ
&RPSOH[6\VWHPV6SULQJHU&KDP'2, B
>@ <,WRK68HQRKDUD0$GDFKL70RULHDQG.
$LKDUD ³5HFRQVWUXFWLQJ ELIXUFDWLRQ GLDJUDPV RQO\
IURPWLPHVHULHVGDWDJHQHUDWHGE\HOHFWURQLFFLUFXLWV LQ GLVFUHWHWLPH G\QDPLFDO V\VWHPV´ &KDRV
±
>@<,WRKDQG0$GDFKL³7UDFNLQJELIXUFDWLRQFXUYHV LQWKH+HQRQPDSIURPRQO\WLPHVHULHVGDWDVHWV´
12/7$,(,&(±
>@.-LQQR76DVDNL+1DNDQR³6HDUFKSURSHUW\RI QRQOLQHDU PDS RSWLPL]DWLRQ´ LQ 3URF ,(((
&RQJUHVVRQ(YROXWLRQDU\&RPS
>@. -LQQR 7 6DVDNL + 1DNDQR ³6HDUFK VWUDWHJ\
EDVHG RQ D QRQOLQHDU PDS RSWLPL]DWLRQ´ LQ 3URF 12/7$
>@. )XMLZDUD³7KHRUHWLFDO PRGHOLQJRILQIRUPDWLRQ WUDQVPLVVLRQ LQ YLVXDO V\VWHPV LQ 3URF 12/7$
>@+0DVXRND.)XMLZDUD.(PRWR³(OXFLGDWLRQRI V\QDSVH SUXQLQJ PHFKDQLVP VXSSRUWLQJ EUDLQ GHYHORSPHQW XVLQJ PDWKHPDWLFDO PRGHO LQ 3URF 12/7$
>@1<RVKLGD57DNDKDVKLDQG7+LNLKDUD³3RZHU 5HJHQHUDWLRQ IURP '& PRWRU ZLWK ELGLUHFWLRQDO URXWHU LQ SRZHU SDFNHW GLVSDWFKLQJ V\VWHP ,(((
7UDQVRQ&LUFXLWVDQG6\VW,,LQSUHVV
>@∦ᒣៅ㧗ᶫுᘬཎ㝯ኈ͆㟁ຊࣃࢣࢵࢺఏ
㏦ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠾ࡅࡿศᩓ㟁ຊ㟂⤥ไᚚࡢ↓⥺
ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᐇᶵ᳨ド̓̓㟁Ꮚሗ㏻ಙᏛㄽᩥㄅ
$-$̽
>@+;LD=/L<=KHQJ$/LX<-&KRLDQG+
6HNL\D ͆$ QRYHO OLJKWZHLJKW VXEMHFWLYH WUXVW LQIHUHQFH IUDPHZRUN LQ 0$1(7V´ ,((( 7UDQV 6XVWDLQDEOH&RPSLQSUHVV
>@72VDWR;:HL$VL\D.1JX\HQDQG+6HNL\D
͆6WHDG\VWDWH DQDO\VLV DQG GHVLJQ RI SKDVH FRQWUROOHGFODVV'=96LQYHUWHU¶¶ 12/7$,(,&(
LQSUHVV
>@< <DEH + 7DQDND + 6HNL\D 0 1DNDJDZD ) 0RUL . 8WVXQRPL\D DQG $ .HLGD͆/RFNLQJ UDQJH PD[LPL]DWLRQ LQ LQMHFWLRQORFNHG FODVV(
RVFLOODWRU $ FDVH VWXG\ IRU RSWLPL]LQJ V\QFKUR QL]DELOLW\¶¶ ,((( 7UDQV &LUFXLWV 6\VW, LQ SUHVV
>@7 0DQQDUL 7 2NXGD 7 +LNLKDUD ³0RGHO IRU FKDUJLQJGLVFKDUJLQJG\QDPLFVRIFHOOVLQUHGR[IORZ EDWWHU\ZLWKWUDQVSRUWGHOD\¶¶3K\VLFD6FULSWD3K\V 6FU'2,DEDFG
>@06DQFKH]DQG7+LNLKDUD³6\PPHWU\UHFRYHULQJ RI DQ $&$& FRQYHUWHU ZRUNLQJ LQ D FKDRWLF UHJLPH¶¶ 12/7$ ,(,&( '2, QROWD
>@ᮅᒣ㤶㸪ᘬཎ㝯ኈ㸪࣐͆ࢡࣟࢢࣜࢵࢻ㐠⏝
ᑐࡍࡿྍ฿㐩㞟ྜࡢ⏝̓̓ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ไᚚ
ሗ Ꮫ ㄽ ᩥ ㄅ '2, LVFLH
>@67DNHXFKL0+DVHJDZD..DQQR$8FKLGD1
&KDXYHW01DUXVH³'\QDPLFFKDQQHOVHOHFWLRQLQ ZLUHOHVV FRPPXQLFDWLRQV YLD D PXOWLDUPHG EDQGLW DOJRULWKP XVLQJ ODVHU FKDRV WLPH VHULHV´ 6FLHQWLILF 5HSRUWV $UWLFOH QXPEHU '2, V
>@. 2VKLPD 7 2QLVKL 6- .LP - 0D 0 +DVHJDZD³(IILFLHQWZLUHOHVVQHWZRUNVHOHFWLRQE\
XVLQJ PXOWLDUPHG EDQGLW DOJRULWKP IRU PRELOH WHUPLQDOV´ 12/7$ ,(,&( '2, QROWD
>@-0D6+DVHJDZD6-.LPDQG0+DVHJDZD³$
UHLQIRUFHPHQWOHDUQLQJEDVHG GLVWULEXWHG UHVRXUFH VHOHFWLRQ DOJRULWKP IRU PDVVLYH ,R7´ $SSOLHG 6FLHQFHV '2, DSS
>@7 +LUDJXUL . 1LVKLPRUL , 6KLWDUD 7 0LWVXL 7 6KLQGR7.LPXUD70DWVXGDDQG+<RVKLQR³$
FRRSHUDWLYH WUDQVPLVVLRQ VFKHPH LQ GURQHEDVHG QHWZRUNV´ ,((( 7UDQVDFWLRQV RQ 9HKLFXODU 7HFKQRORJ\ '2, 797
>@-0D$VL\D;:HL.1JX\HQDQG+6HNL\DCC
$QDO\VLVDQGGHVLJQRIJHQHUDOL]HG&ODVV()DQG
&ODVV()LQYHUWHUV¶¶,((($FFHVVLQSUHVV
>@+7VXVKLPD70DWVXXUDCC$PHWKRGIRUVROYLQJ PXOWLSOHYHKLFOH ELNH VKDULQJ V\VWHP URXWLQJ SUREOHP ZLWK VRIW FRQVWUDLQWV E\ XVLQJ G\QDPLF ZHLJKW RI SHQDOWLHV LQ DQ REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ´ LQ 3URF12/7$
᥇ᢥ␒ྕ㸸 +$
ከឤぬ㡢✵㛫▱ぬࡢ㛫≉ᛶ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲
㹙㹛⤌⧊
◊✲௦⾲⪅㸸
ᮏከ ᫂⏕㸦㟼ᒸ⌮ᕤ⛉ᏛሗᏛ㒊㸧
㏻◊ᑐᛂᩍဨ㸸
ᆏᮏ ಟ୍㸦ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲ᡤ㸧
◊✲ศᢸ⪅㸸
㕥ᮌ 㝧୍㸦ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲ᡤ㸧 ๓⏣ ၨ㸦ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲ᡤ㸧
ᘏཧຍேᩘ㸸㸲ே
㹙㹛◊✲⤒㐣
ᐜ㔞㏻ಙࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡗࡓ⌧ᅾ㸪ḟୡ௦㏻ಙᢏ⾡
ࡣࠕ㔞ࠖࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪㧗⮫ሙឤࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࠕ㉁ࠖ
ࢆවࡡഛ࠼ࡓሗ㏻ಙࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡣ㸪ࢩ ࢫࢸ࣒ෆ࡛࣮ࣘࢨࡀ♧ࡍᵝࠎ࡞ᛂࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿ
ሗࢆࢩࢫࢸ࣒㐺ษᫎࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡿࠋ
◊✲௦⾲⪅ࡣ㸪ୖ㏙ࡢ⪃࠼ࡢࡶ㸪㏻◊ᢸᙜᩍဨ
ࡶ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸪ே㛫ࡢከឤぬ㡢✵㛫▱ぬ㐣⛬
ࡢゎ᫂ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ≉㸪ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡽᖹ ᡂ ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࡣᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲ᡤඹྠ◊✲
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㸦ඛ➃ⓗ◊✲᥎㐍ᆺ࣭ⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ᑐ㇟
ᆺ㸧ࠕືⓗᡭࡀࡾࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ㡢✵㛫▱ぬ㛵ࡍࡿ◊
✲ࠖ㸦᥇ᢥ␒ྕ +$㸧ࡋ࡚㸪◊✲άືࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪㢌㒊㐠ືࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᭱୰㡢ീࢆ⛣ື
ࡉࡏࡓሙྜࡣ㸪⫈ྲྀ⪅ࡣ㡢ീࡢ⛣ືࢆ᳨▱࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ
࡞ࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ▱ぢࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸦࠼
ࡤ+RQGDHWDO㸧ࠋࡇࡢ▱ぢࡣ㸪ከឤぬሗฎ⌮
⣔ࡋ࡚ࡢே㛫ࡢᇶᮏ≉ᚩࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛㔜せ࡞
◊✲ᡂᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⫈ぬࢆ୰᰾ࡍࡿከឤぬሗฎ⌮㐣⛬ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿ
ࡓࡵࡣ㸪ᡃࠎࡀᐇୡ⏺ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿືⓗ࡞ᡭࡀ
ࡾࢆࡢࡼ࠺㛫ⓗ⤫ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆゎ᫂ࡍ
ࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋ◊✲௦⾲⪅㏻◊ᢸᙜᩍဨࡣ㸪 ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢඹྠ◊✲ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ືⓗ࡞ᡭࡀࡾࡀ㡢
✵㛫▱ぬཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ
㛫≉ᛶ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ᳨ウࡋ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢ⫼ᬒࡽ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪◊✲௦⾲⪅㏻◊ᢸ
ᙜᩍဨࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢඹྠ◊✲ࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇࡼ
ࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࡢሗฎ⌮㐣⛬ࡢ㛫≉ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ
࠸⪃࠼࡚ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡽඹྠ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ௨ୗ㸪ᮏᖺᗘࡢ◊✲άື≧ἣࡢᴫせࢆグࡍࠋ
㸦㸧 ᖺ᭶᪥㸸ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲
ᡤ࡚◊✲ᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
㸦㸧 ᖺ᭶᪥㸸ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲
ᡤ࡚◊✲ᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
㸦㸧 ᖺ᭶᪥㸸ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲
ᡤ࡚◊✲ᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
㸦㸧 ᖺ᭶᪥㸸ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲
ᡤ࡚◊✲ᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
㸦㸧 ᖺ᭶᪥㸸ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲
ᡤ࡚◊✲ᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
㸦㸧 ᖺ᭶᪥㸸ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲
ᡤ࡚◊✲ᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
㹙㹛ᡂᯝ 㸦㸧◊✲ᡂᯝ
ே㛫ࡢከឤぬ㡢✵㛫▱ぬ࠾ࡅࡿሗฎ⌮㐣⛬
㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ౫↛ࡋ࡚᫂☜࡞㒊ศࡀከ࠸ࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪
⫈ྲྀ⪅ࡢືⓗᡭࡀࡾ㡢✵㛫▱ぬࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄪࡓ
◊✲ࡽࡣ㸪⫈ྲྀ⪅ࡢ㢌㒊㐠ືࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿື
ⓗᡭࡀࡾࡀ㡢✵㛫▱ぬຠ⋡ⓗᐤࡍࡿࡇࡀ ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦࠼ࡤ,ZD\DHWDO㸧㸪ࡑࡢ
୍᪉࡛㸪⫈ྲྀ⪅ࡢ㢌㒊㐠ືࡼࡗ࡚㡢✵㛫▱ぬṍ
ࡳࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦&RRSHU HW DO 㸧ࠋ
◊✲௦⾲⪅ࡣ㸪㏻◊ᢸᙜᩍဨࡶ㸪ୡ⏺ඛ 㥑ࡅ࡚㸪㢌㒊㐠ືࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᭱୰㡢ീࢆ⛣ື
ࡉࡏࡓሙྜࡣ㸪⫈ྲྀ⪅ࡣ㡢ീࡢ⛣ືࢆ᳨▱࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ
࡞ࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ▱ぢࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ 㸦+RQGDHWDO㸧ࠋ
⫈ぬࢆ୰᰾ࡍࡿከឤぬሗฎ⌮㐣⛬ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡓ
ࡵࡣ㸪ᡃࠎࡀᐇୡ⏺ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿືⓗ࡞ᡭࡀࡾ
ࢆࡢࡼ࠺✵㛫ⓗ⤫ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ᫂ࡽ
ࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⪃࠼ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ᮏ◊
ඹྠࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲
✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲ᡤࡀᡤ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪
㌟య㐠ືᑐᛂᆺࡢ㡢✵㛫▱ぬᐇ㦂ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ ᚰ⌮ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛㸪ே㛫ࡢከឤぬ㡢✵㛫▱ぬ
࠾ࡅࡿ㛫≉ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪⫈ྲྀ⪅ࡢཷືⓗ࡞㌟యᅇ㌿ࡣ㸪㌟యᅇ
㌿ࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜẚ࡚㸪Ỉᖹ㠃ᐃ⢭ᗘࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ
㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㡢่⃭ࡢ࿊♧㛫ࡣỈᖹ㠃ᐃ⢭ᗘࡣ ᐤࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ◊✲ᡂᯝࡣᅜ㝿Ꮫ⾡ㄅ
࠾࠸࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ㸦+RQGDHWDO㸧ࠋ
ᮏᖺᗘࡢᡂᯝࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㢌㒊ᅇ㌿㐠ື୰ࡣ㸪㡢✵
㛫▱ぬ㛵ࡍࡿሗฎ⌮ᢚไࡀࡣࡓࡽࡃሙྜࡀ࠶
ࡿࡇ㸪ࡑࡢ⌧㇟ࡣ⬟ືⓗ࡞㐠ືࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ཷ
ືⓗ࡞㐠ືࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛ࡶ⏕ࡌࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ ࡓ㸦+RQGDHWDO㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪㡢ീᐃ࠾ࡅࡿṇ 㠃ᡭࡀࡾᥦ♧ࡽヨ㦂㡢ᥦ♧ࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫㛫㝸ࡢᙳ 㡪ࢆㄪࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪㛫㛫㝸ࡀVࡽV⛬ᗘ࡛࠶
ࢀࡤ㸪ほⓗṇ㠃࠾ࡼࡧᗘྍ▱ᕪ␗ཬࡰࡉࢀࡿ
ᙳ㡪ࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸦0DHGDHWDO㸧ࠋ ࡉࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡢືྥࢆࡲࡵ࡚ࡑࡇࡽ
♧ࡉࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆᅜෆᏛ⾡ㄅⓎ⾲ࡋࡓ㸦ᮏከࡽ
㸧
㸦㸧ἼཬຠᯝⓎᒎᛶࠊ◊✲ศ㔝ࡢ㈉⊩࡞
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲ᡤࡀᡤ᭷ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿ㸪㌟య㐠ືᑐᛂᆺࡢ㡢✵㛫▱ぬᐇ㦂ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ
⏝࠸ࡓᚰ⌮ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛㸪ே㛫ࡢከឤぬ㡢✵㛫
▱ぬ࠾ࡅࡿ㛫≉ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪⫈ྲྀ⪅ࡢཷືⓗ࡞㌟యᅇ㌿ࡣ㸪㌟యᅇ
㌿ࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜẚ࡚㸪Ỉᖹ㠃ᐃ⢭ᗘࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ
㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㡢่⃭ࡢ࿊♧㛫ࡣỈᖹ㠃ᐃ⢭ᗘࡣ ᐤࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸦+RQGDHWDO㸧ࠋࡑ ࡋ࡚㸪㢌㒊ᅇ㌿㐠ື୰ࡣ㸪㡢✵㛫▱ぬ㛵ࡍࡿሗ ฎ⌮ᢚไࡀࡣࡓࡽࡃሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ㸪ࡑࡢ⌧㇟ࡣ
⬟ືⓗ࡞㐠ືࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ཷືⓗ࡞㐠ືࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ
࡛ࡶ⏕ࡌࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸦࠼ࡤ+RQGDHW DO㸧ࠋ
ࡇࡢ▱ぢࡣ㸪㢌㒊㐠ື୰ࡣ㸪⫈ྲྀ⪅ࡣ㸪㧗⢭⣽
࡞ືⓗ࡞ᡭࡾࢆᚲࡎࡋࡶᥦ♧ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ
ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࢡࢸࣈࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢᛶࢆ⪃៖
ࡋࡓሗ㏻ಙࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜࠺㝿ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡇ
ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢඹྠ◊✲
ࡽࡣ㸪ከឤぬሗฎ⌮⣔ࡋ࡚ࡢே㛫ࡢᇶᮏ≉ᚩ
ࢆ⌮ゎࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆࢩࢫࢸ࣒㐺ษᫎࡉࡏࡿ࠺࠼
࡛㔜せ࡞◊✲ᡂᯝࢆᚓࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ே㛫ࡢከឤぬ㡢✵㛫▱ぬ࠾ࡅࡿሗฎ
⌮㐣⛬㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ౫↛ࡋ࡚᫂☜࡞㒊ศࡀከ࠸ࡇ
ࡽ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࡣ㸪⬟ືⓗ࡞ሗ ฎ⌮⣔ࡋ࡚ே㛫ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ㝿♧၀ᐩࢇࡔࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᡃࠎࡀᐇୡ⏺ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿືⓗ࡞ᡭࡀࡾ
ࢆࡢࡼ࠺✵㛫ⓗ⤫ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ
࠺࠼࡛㔜せ࡞▱ぢࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ά⏝ࡋࡓᐇ㦂⨨ࡣ㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸪་Ꮫ࡞
ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡋࡓே㛫ࡢ㡢✵㛫▱ぬ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ᪂ࡋ
࠸どⅬࡽ᥈ồࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᐇ㦂ࢶ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿ
ࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ㸪◊✲ᡂᯝࢆᕤᏛⓗᛂ
⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪⫈ぬࢹࢫࣉࣞࢆࡣࡌࡵ
ࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞㡢⎔ቃᥦ♧⨨ࡢ㧗ᗘࡢᐇ⌧ࡸࡑࡢࡼ
࠺࡞⨨ࢆᇶ┙ࡋࡓ㧗⮫ሙឤ࣭㉸⮫ሙឤ㏻ಙᢏ⾡
ࢆ⏕ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
㹙㸲㹛ᡂᯝ㈨ᩱ
㸦㸧 ᮏከ᫂⏕࣭ᆏᮏಟ୍࣭ᒾ㇂ᖾ㞝࣭㕥ᮌ㝧୍
㢌㒊㐠ື㡢ീᐃ᪥ᮏ㡢㡪Ꮫㄅ 9RO
㸦㸧 +RQGD $ 0DVXPL < 6X]XNL <
6DNDPRWR6(IIHFWRI3DVVLYH:KROH%RG\
5RWDWLRQ RQ 6RXQG /RFDOL]DWLRQ $FFXUDF\ RI /LVWHQHU 6XEMHFWLYH 6WUDLJKW $KHDG $FRXVWLFDO 6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\9RO࠙ᰝ ㄞࡁㄽᩥࠚ
㸦㸧 0DHGD.+RQGD$6DNDPRWR6 6X]XNL
< $FFXUDF\ RI 6XEMHFWLYH 6WUDLJKW $KHDG DIWHU3DVVLYH5RWDWLRQRI/LVWHQHUV(൵HFWVRI7LPH ,QWHUYDO EHWZHHQ 9LVXDO &XH DQG 2QVHW RI 6RXQG 6WLPXOXV$FRXVWLFDO6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\9RO
࠙ᰝㄞࡁㄽᩥࠚ
㸦㸧 ๓⏣ၨ࣭ᮏከ᫂⏕࣭ᆏᮏಟ୍࣭㕥ᮌ㝧୍
Ỉᖹ᪉ྥ࣋ࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀほⓗṇ㠃㏆
ࡢ㡢ീᐃཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪᪥ᮏ㡢㡪Ꮫ
ᖺ⛅Ꮨ◊✲Ⓨ⾲ᖺ᭶᪥❧㤋
Ꮫ
㸦㸧 +RQGD$0DHGD.6DNDPRWR6 6X]XNL
< (IIHFW RI +RUL]RQWDO 9HFWLRQ RQ 6RXQG /RFDOL]DWLRQ $FFXUDF\ ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲
ᡤ௧ඖᖺᗘඹྠࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲Ⓨ⾲
ᖺ᭶᪥ᮾᏛ㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ◊✲ᡤ