᧻ਃᨑ㠽ዬᐙ᮸
ߪߓߦ
Kraepelin㧔1910㧕ߪᕁ⠨㓚ኂࠍ㧘߭ߣߟߩᕁ⠨ㆊ⒟ߢห৻⽎߇➅ࠅߒߔࠆ⁁ᘒ㧔☼
⌕㧘⛯㧘Ᏹห㧕㧘ห⒳ߩ⽎߇ᘠ⠌⊛ߦౣ↢ߔࠆ⁁ᘒ㧔න⺞ߐ㧘ㄤ㆙ߐ㧕㧘߅ࠃ߮⽎㑆ߩౝ⊛
ㅪ㑐ߩᰳਲߩ⁁ᘒ㧔ォዉᕈ㧘ⷰᔨᅁㅺ㧘ᡰ㔌Ṍⵚ㧕ߦಽ㘃ߒ㧘⛔วᄬ⺞∝ߩਥ∝⁁ߣߒߡ⟎ߠ ߌߚޕ৻ᣇ㧘Bleuler㧔1911㧕ߪ⛔วᄬ⺞∝ߦߒ߆ࠄࠇߥၮᧄ㓚ኂߩ߭ߣߟߣߒߡㅪวᒆ✭
ࠍขࠅߍߚޕߘࠇએ㒠㧘ᕁ⠨㓚ኂߪ⛔วᄬ⺞∝ߩਛᔃ⊛ߥ․ᓽߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ㧘1980 ᐕ㗃߆ࠄߊߟ߆ߩቯ㊂⊛⹏ଔᣇᴺ߇ឭ໒ߐࠇߚޕ
ߘߩᕁ⠨㓚ኂߩቯ㊂⊛⹏ଔߩ߭ߣߟߩᣇᴺߣߒߡ⻊ߩ↪߇ࠆޕMarengo, Harrow, Lanin-Kettering 㧒 Wilson㧔1986㧕ߪWechsler Adult Intelligence Scale㧔Wechsler, 1955㧕 ߩਅᬌᩏޟℂ⸃ޠߣߣ߽ߦ㧘Gorham㧔1956㧕ߦࠃࠆ⻊࠹ࠬ࠻ࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚᕁ⠨㓚ኂ⹏ଔዤ ᐲࠍᚑߒߚޕ12 ߩ⻊ߩᗧࠍⵍ㛎⠪ߦ㧘ߘߩ࿁╵߇ߤߩ⒟ᐲ㧘ᄸᅱߢ⁛․ߥ߽ߩߢ
ࠆ߆ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆᣇᴺߢࠆޕߒ߆ߒ㧘Gorham㧔1956㧕ߩㆬߒߚ⻊ߪᤓߢߪ㚔ᨴߺߩ⭯߽
ߩ߽ߊߟ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߢࠆޕߎߩ࠹ࠬ࠻ߪᣣᧄ⺆ ߇ᚑߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߘߩା㗬ᕈ߿↪ᕈ߇ ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡࠆ㧔᧖ᶆᢧ⮮⇌ਛㄟጤᵄਛᎹਤ⠀, 1995; ᢧ⮮᧖ᶆ⇌ਛㄟጤ ᵄਤ⠀, 1997㧕߇㧘↪ࠄࠇߚ⻊ߪ Gorham㧔1956㧕߇ㆬቯߒߚ⻊ߦᗧ߇ᦨ߽ㄭ⻊ࠍ
↪ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᣣᧄ⺆ ߦ߅ߡ߽㚔ᨴߺߩ⭯⻊߇ߊߟ߆ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ ᦨㄭߢߪ㧘DelisKaplan Executive Function System㧔Delis, Kaplan & Kramer, 2001, એ
ਅD-KEFSߣ⇛㧕ߣ߁ㆀⴕᯏ⢻ᬌᩏࡃ࠶࠹߇㐿⊒ߐࠇ㧘ਅᬌᩏߩਛߦ⻊⸃㉼ᬌᩏ߇
߹ࠇߡࠆޕߎߩᬌᩏߢ↪ࠄࠇࠆ⻊ߪ㧘৻⥸⊛ߦⷫߒߺߩࠆ⻊ 4 ߟߣ㧘߹ࠅ⡞߈ᘠࠇߥ
4ߟߩ⻊ߢࠆޕ⸘8ߟߩ⻊ߩᗧࠍ⥄↱ߦ࿁╵ߐߖ㧘ߘߩᓟ㧘หߓ8ߟߩ⻊ߩᗧࠍㆬᛯ
⢇ᒻᑼߢ࿁╵ߐߖࠆᣇᑼࠍߣߞߡࠆޕ
D-KEFS㧔Delis et al., 2001㧕ߢߪ㧘⻊⸃㉼ߦߪ2ߟߩᲑ㓏߇ሽߔࠆߣߒߡࠆޕ⻊߇
ޘߩන⺆ߩᗧࠍᬌ⚝ߔࠆᜰ␜⊛ߥᲑ㓏ߣ㧘⽎⊛ߥේೣ߿ᔨ߇ޘߩන⺆ߩᗧߦၮߠ
ߡᒻᚑߐࠇࠆᥧ␜⊛ߥᲑ㓏ߢࠆޕᜰ␜⊛ߥᲑ㓏ߢߪቇ⠌߿ⷙೣ⊛ߥ⸒⺆ᛛ⢻߇ᔅⷐߢࠆޕኻ ᾖ⊛ߦᥧ␜⊛ߥᲑ㓏ߢߪ㧘⸒⺆⊛⽎ᕁ⠨㧘ᗧ⊛⛔ว߅ࠃ߮৻⥸ൻߣߞߚ㜞ࡌ࡞ߩㆀⴕ ᯏ⢻ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆޕ⻊⸃㉼ߩ㓚ኂߪᜰ␜⊛㧘ᥧ␜⊛ࠆߪਔᲑ㓏ߢߎࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ D-KEFS㧔Delis et al., 2001㧕ߩ⥄↱࿁╵ߢߪ⻊ߩᗧߩᱜ⏕ߐߣ㧘⸃㉼߇⽎⊛ߢࠆ߆ߤ߁ ߆ࠍ᷹ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆޕᗧ߇ᱜ⏕ߢࠆ߇㧘⽎⊛ߥ⸃㉼߇᧪ߡߥ႐วߦߪ㧘ߘߩⵍ㛎⠪
߇⻊ߩᗧࠍ৻⥸ൻߢ߈ߥߎߣ߇⇼ࠊࠇࠆޕ৻ᣇߢ㧘ᗧ߇ᱜ⏕ߦ⸃㉼ߢ߈ߡߥ߇㧘⽎
研究紀要 富山大学杉谷キャンパス一般教育 第35号（2007） JLAS（vol.35,2007）
⊛ߦ⸃㉼ߐࠇߡߚ႐วߦߪㅪวᒆ✭㧘㘧べߒߚࠕࠗ࠺ࠖࠕߥߤߩ♖∔ᖚߦౖဳ⊛ߥᕁ⠨ߩ㓚 ኂ߇⇼ࠊࠇࠆߩߢࠆޕ
ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘D-KEFS㧔Delis et al., 2001㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ⻊⸃㉼ߩਅᬌᩏߦࠃߞߡ㧘ᕁ⠨ߩ㓚ኂ ࠍᄙ㕙⊛ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢࠆޕઁᣇ㧘ᚒ߇࿖ߢߪ◲ଢߦᕁ⠨ߩ㓚ኂࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ㧘↪ߥ ᣣᧄੱ↪ߩ⻊ᬌᩏ߇ᮡḰൻߐࠇߡߥޕᕁ⠨ߩ㓚ኂߪ⛔วᄬ⺞∝ߩ․ᓽߩ߭ߣߟߣߒߡ㊀ⷞߐ ࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘D-KEFS㧔Delis et al., 2001㧕ߩࠃ߁ߥޔᣣᧄ⺆ ߩ⻊ℂ⸃ߩ࠹ࠬ࠻ߩ㐿⊒ࠍߔࠆᔅ ⷐ߇ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕߘߩߚ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘D-KEFS㧔Delis et al., 2001㧕ࠍෳᾖߒߡ㧘ᣂߒ
ᣣᧄ⺆ ߩ⻊ℂ⸃࠹ࠬ࠻ࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚޕ
㧝㧚⎇ⓥ1 㧝㧙㧝㧚ᣇᴺ 1-1-1㧚ⵍ㛎⠪
ⵍ㛎⠪ߪ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⿰ᣦߣ⋡⊛ࠍචಽߦ⺑ߒߚߢหᗧ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚTᄢቇකቇㇱߩቇ↢152 ฬߣ⮎ቇㇱߩቇ↢106ฬߢߞߚޕߘߩ߁ߜ㧘කቇㇱߩ2ฬಽߩ࠺࠲ߪᐕ㦂㧘ᕈߥߤ߇ή
⸥ߢߞߚߚޔ㒰ᄖߐࠇߚޕᱷࠅߩ256ฬ㧔↵ᕈ118ฬ㧘ᅚᕈ138ฬ㧕ߩᐔဋᐕ㦂ߪ19.0 㧔SD㧧2.0㧕ᱦߢߞߚޕ
1-1-2㧚ᚻ⛯߈
᷹ᐲᚑ
↰ਛࡆࡀ⍮⢻ᬌᩏV㧔↰ਛᢎ⢒⎇ⓥᚲ㧘2003㧕ߢ↪ߐࠇࠆ10ߩ⻊ࠍㆬᛯߒ㧘⥄↱⸥ㅀᑼ ߩ⾰⚕ࠍᚑߒߚ㧔 1㧕ޕߎߩ⾰⚕ࠍකቇㇱߣ⮎ቇㇱߩቇ↢ߦߘࠇߙࠇ⇣ߥࠆᣣߦ㓸࿅ታ ᣉߒߚޕ10ߩ⻊߇⸒ߒߡࠆߎߣࠍⵍ㛎⠪ߦ⥄↱⸥ㅀߒߡ߽ࠄߞߚޕᗧ߇ࠊ߆ࠄߥ႐ วߦߪ㧘ផ᷹ߒߡ࿁╵ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦᢎ␜ߒߚޕ
1㧦↪ߒߚ⻊
ੑࠍㅊ߁߽ߩߪ৻ࠍ߽ᓧߕ㧔ߦߣࠍ߅߁߽ߩߪߞߣࠍ߽߃ߕ㧕
ߣߔߞ߸ࠎ㧔ߟ߈ߣߔߞ߸ࠎ㧕
⢻ࠆ㣔ߪῪࠍ㓝ߔ㧔ߩ߁ࠆߚ߆ߪߟࠍ߆ߊߔ㧕
♰ߦ㊉㧔ߧ߆ߦߊ߉㧕
৾ォ߮߈㧔ߥߥߎࠈ߮߿߅߈㧕 ᐳฝߩ㌏㧔ߑࠁ߁ߩ㧕
ኢ⡊ߦ᳓㧔ߨߺߺߦߺߕ㧕
ߩ↲ࠃࠅᐕߩഞ㧔߆ߩߎ߁ࠃࠅߣߒߩߎ߁㧕 Ⴇ⠃߇㚍㧔ߐ߅߁߇߁߹㧕
⢄⢙⋧ᾖࠄߔ㧔߆ࠎߚࠎߡࠄߔ㧕
1-1-3㧚ណὐ
⸥ㅀߐࠇߚ⻊ߩ࿁╵ߪD-KEFS㧔Delis et al., 2001㧕ߩᣇᴺࠍෳᾖߒ㧘⻊ࠍᱜ⏕ߐߣ⽎ᕈ㧘 ߅ࠃ߮㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕߩ3ߟߩᣇᴺߢណὐߒߚޕᱜ⏕ߐߪ⸃㉼߇ቢోߦᱜ⏕ߢࠆߣ್ᢿߐࠇࠇ߫2 ὐ㧘ㇱಽ⊛ߦᱜߒߌࠇ߫1ὐ㧘ᱜߒߊߥߌࠇ߫0ὐߣ⹏ଔߐࠇߚޕ߃߫ޟੑࠍㅊ߁߽ߩߪ
৻ࠍ߽ᓧߕޠߢ㧘ޟหᤨߦੑߟߩߎߣࠍߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠇ߫㧘ਔᣇߣ߽ਛㅜඨ┵ߦ⚳ࠊߞߡߒ߹߁ޠ ߣ࿁╵ߔࠇ߫ 2 ὐߣߐࠇߚޕߘߩ㓙⻊߇⽎⊛ߦ⸃㉼ߐࠇߚ߆ߤ߁߆ߪ⠨ᘦߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕߘ ߩߚ㧘ޟ2ߩࠍㅊ߆ߌࠆߣ㧘ਔᣇߦㅏߍࠄࠇࠆ߆ࠄ㧘1߽ߣࠇߥޠߣ߁࿁╵ߢ߽2 ὐߣߒߚޕޟ2 ߟߩߎߣࠍหᤨߦߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆߣ㧘߁߹ߊ߆ߥޠߣ࿁╵߇ߐࠇࠇ߫㧘ㇱಽ⊛
ߦߪᱜ⏕ߢࠆ߇ਇᱜ⏕ߥ߇߹ࠇࠆߚ㧘1ὐߣߒߚޕᱜ⏕ߐߩว⸘ᓧὐߩ▸࿐ߪ0߆ࠄ 20ߢߞߚޕ
⽎ᕈߪ⻊߇⽎⊛ߦ⸃㉼ߐࠇߡࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ࠍ⹏ଔߒߚޕޟੑࠍㅊ߁߽ߩߪ৻ࠍ߽ᓧߕޠ ߢ㧘ޟหᤨߦੑߟߩߎߣࠍߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠇ߫㧘ਔᣇߣ߽ਛㅜඨ┵ߦ⚳ࠊߞߡߒ߹߁ޠߣ⽎⊛ߦ⸃
㉼ߔࠇ߫2ὐߣߒߚޕߘߩ㓙㧘ᱜ⏕ߐߪࠊࠇߥߚ㧘ޟ᰼ᒛࠆߣ㧘߽߽ࠄ߃ߥޠߣਇᱜ
⏕ߥ࿁╵ࠍߒߡ߽⽎ᕈᓧὐߪ2ὐ߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇߚޕ৻ᣇ㧘ޟ2ߩࠍㅊ߆ߌࠆߣ㧘ਔᣇߦㅏ ߍࠄࠇࠆ߆ࠄ㧘1߽ߣࠇߥޠߥߤߣౕ⊛ߦ⸃㉼ߐࠇࠇ߫㧘0ὐߣߐࠇߚޕ⽎ᕈߩว⸘ᓧ ὐߩ▸࿐ߪ0߆ࠄ20ߢߞߚޕ
㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕߪᱜ⏕ߐ߇ 1 ὐએߩߣ߈㧘⽎ᕈᓧὐࠍᱜ⏕ߐߩᓧὐߦട▚ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘▚
ߐࠇࠆޕ߃߫㧘ቢోߦᱜ⏕ߢ⽎⊛ߦ⸃㉼ߐࠇࠇ߫ 4 ὐ㧘ㇱಽ⊛ߦᱜ⏕ߢ⽎⊛ߢࠇ߫ 3 ὐ㧘ቢోߦᱜ⏕ߢౕ⊛ߢࠇ߫2ὐ㧘ㇱಽ⊛ߦᱜ⏕ߢౕ⊛ߢࠇ߫1ὐߢߞߚޕ߽ߒ߽
ᱜ⏕ߐ߇0ὐߢࠇ߫⽎ᕈ߇2ὐߢߞߡ߽㧘㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕߪ0ὐߣߐࠇߚޕ㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕߩว
⸘ᓧὐߩ▸࿐ߪ0߆ࠄ40ߢߞߚޕ
ήὑߦߒߚ10ฬಽߩ࠺࠲ࠍ㧘2ฬߩ⎇ⓥ⠪㧔M.TߣM.M㧕߇⁛┙ߒߡណὐߒߚޕਔ
⠪ߩណὐߪߨ৻⥌ߒߡߚޕਇ৻⥌ߒߚណὐ߇⧯ᐓ߁߆߇߃ߚ߇ޔߘߩ႐วޔਔ⠪߇ว⼏ߒ㧘 ᦨ⚳⊛ߦណὐᣇᴺ߇ว⥌ߒߚޕߘߒߡ㧘ߘߩቯߒߚᣇᴺߦߒߚ߇㧘1ฬߩ⎇ⓥ⠪㧔M.T㧕߇ ᱷࠅߩ࠺࠲ࠍណὐߒߚޕ
1㧙2㧚⚿ᨐߣ⠨ኤ
ᱜ⏕ߐ㧘⽎ᕈ߅ࠃ߮㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕࠍណὐߒ㧘ߏߣߩᐔဋߣᮡḰᏅࠍ2ߦ␜ߒߚޕ ことわざ理解テストの開発
2㧦ߏߣߩᱜ⏕ߐ㧘⽎ᕈ߅ࠃ߮㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕߩᐔဋߣᮡḰᏅ
㗴⇟ภ ᐔဋ 5& ᐔဋ 5& ᐔဋ 5&
ว⸘
ᱜ⏕ߐ ⽎ᕈ ㆐ᚑ
ᱜ⏕ߐߪߨ⇟ภߩᣧ߶߁߇㜞ᓧὐߢߞߚޕ⽎ᕈߪ5⋡㧘8⋡߇߿߿ૐߊ㧘9⋡㧘 10⋡߇ઁࠃࠅ߽ࠄ߆ߦૐ߆ߞߚޕ㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕߪᱜ⏕ߐߣห᭽ߦ㧘⇟ภ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߦߟࠇ ߡ㧘ᓧὐ߇ૐߊߥࠆะ߇߁߆߇߃ߚޕ߹ߚ㧘ᱜ⏕ߐ㧘⽎ᕈ㧘߅ࠃ߮㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕߘࠇߙࠇߩಽ Ꮣߪ࿑1߆ࠄ࿑3ߩࡅࠬ࠻ࠣࡓߦ␜ߒߚޕ
࿑㧚ᱜ⏕ߐߩᓧὐߩಽᏓ
߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ᱜ⏕ߐߩᓧὐ
ᐲᢙ
ᱜ⏕ߐߪ9߆ࠄ11ὐߩ㑆ࠍขࠆⵍ㛎⠪߇ᦨ߽ᄙ߆ߞߚޕ
࿑㧚⽎ᕈߩᓧὐߩಽᏓ
߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ
⽎ᕈߩᓧὐ ᐲᢙ
⽎ᕈᓧὐߪߚߡߩⵍ㛎⠪߇18߆ࠄ20ὐߢߞߚޕ
࿑㧚㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕߩಽᏓ
߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ ߆ࠄ
㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕ ᐲᢙ
㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕߪ21߆ࠄ25ὐࠍขࠆⵍ㛎⠪߇ᦨ߽ᄙ߆ߞߚޕ ことわざ理解テストの開発
ᱜ⏕ߐߩว⸘ᓧὐߪ10.09 (SD; 2.69)ߢߞߚޕᐔဋߩ▸࿐ߪ8ὐ߆ࠄ12ὐߢࠆޕ߹ߚ㧘
⽎ᕈᓧὐߪ18.34 (SD; 2.39)ߢߞߚޕ16ὐ߆20ὐ߇ᐔဋ⊛ߥᓧὐߢࠆߣ߃ࠆޕ14ὐએ ਅߩ႐วߪޔᐔဋࠃࠅ߽⻊ߩᗧࠍౕ⊛ߦ࿁╵ߔࠆะ߇ࠆߣ߃ࠆߢࠈ߁ޕ߹ߚ㧘ᱜ⏕
ߐߩᓧὐ߇ᐔဋࠍਅ࿁ߞߚߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘⽎ᕈ߇㜞ᓧὐߢߞߚ႐วߦߪ㧘ߘߩⵍ㛎⠪߇ㆊ ᐲߥ⽎ൻะࠍߒߡࠆน⢻ᕈ߇⇼ࠊࠇࠆޕ㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕߪ23.27 (SD; 5.85ߢࠅ㧘18߆ࠄ 29ߩ㑆߇ᐔဋߩ▸࿐ߢࠆߣ߃ࠆޕ
㗴⇟ภ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߦߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘ᱜ⏕ߐߩᓧὐ߿㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕߪዊߐߊߥࠆะ߇߁߆߇߃ ߚޕߎࠇߪ↰ਛࡆࡀ⍮⢻ᬌᩏV㧔↰ਛᢎ⢒⎇ⓥᚲ㧘2003㧕ߩ⻊࠹ࠬ࠻߇㧘⇟ภ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ ߦߟࠇߡ㧘ㅢㆊ₸߇ૐߊߥࠆࠃ߁ߦᚑߐࠇߚߚߢࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ⽎ᕈߦ㑐ߒߡߪᄙߊ ߩⵍ㛎⠪߇18߆20ὐߢߞߚޕߒ߆ߒ㧘9㧘10⋡ߢߪ㗴ߩ㔍ᤃᐲ߇㜞߆ߞߚߚ㧘ੱ
߆ߩⵍ㛎⠪߇⻊ߦ߹ࠇࠆන⺆ߦߣࠄࠊࠇߚ࿁╵ࠍߒߡߚޕߚߣ߃߫㧘9⋡ߩޟႧ⠃߇㚍ޠ ߦኻߒߡ㧘ޟႧ⠃ߣ߁ῶߐࠎߩ㚍ޠߥߤߣߞߚ࿁╵߇ࠄࠇߚޕ
㧞㧚⎇ⓥ2 㧞㧙㧝㧚ᣇᴺ 2㧙1㧙1㧚ⵍ㛎⠪
ⵍ㛎⠪ߪ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⿰ᣦߣ⋡⊛ࠍචಽߦ⺑ߒߚߢหᗧ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚTᄢቇකቇㇱ147ฬߣ
⮎ቇㇱߩቇ↢103ฬߢߞߚޕᕈߩᧂ⸥ߥߤߩߞߚකቇㇱ9ฬಽߩ࠺࠲߇㒰ᄖߐࠇߚޕ ᦨ⚳⊛ߦ⛔⸘ಣℂߐࠇߚ࠺࠲ߪ241ฬಽ㧔↵116ฬ㧘ᅚ125ฬ㧕ߢߞߚޕߘߩ241ฬߩᐔ ဋᐕ㦂ߪ19.1㧔SD㧧2.0㧕ᱦߢߞߚޕߥ߅ޔ⎇ⓥ1ߣ⎇ⓥ2ߩਔᣇߩ⾰⚕ߦ࿁╵ߒߚߩߪ 234ฬߢߞߚޕߥ߅ޔ⎇ⓥ2ߪ⎇ⓥ㧝ߩ1ㅳ㑆ᓟߦᣉⴕߐࠇߚޕ
2㧙1㧙2㧚᷹ᐲᚑ
D-KEFS㧔Delis et al., 2001㧕ࠍෳᾖߒ㧘ᄙ⢇ㆬᛯᑼߩ࠹ࠬ࠻ࠍᚑߒߚ㧔ઃ1㧕ޕㆬᛯ⢇ߪ 4ߟߞߚޕߘߩ߁ߜ1ߟߪᗧ߇ᱜ⏕ߢ⽎⊛⸃㉼㧔A㧕㧘1ߟߪౕ⊛⸃㉼㧔B㧕㧘1ߟߪᗧ
߇ਇᱜ⏕ߢ⽎⊛⸃㉼㧔C㧕㧘1ߟߪోߊή㑐ㅪߥ⸃㉼㧔D㧕ߢߞߚޕㆬᛯ⢇ߪ↰ਛࡆࡀ⍮⢻
ᬌᩏV㧔↰ਛᢎ⢒⎇ⓥᚲ㧘2003㧕ߩណὐࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞ߦࠆᱜ╵ߣ⺋╵ࠍෳ⠨ߦᚑߒߚޕ
2㧙1㧙3㧚ណὐ
ᄙ⢇ㆬᛯߪᱜ⏕ߢ⽎⊛ߥ⸃㉼ࠍㆬᛯߒߚ႐วߩߺ㧘ᱜ╵ߣߺߥߐࠇ㧘ᱜ╵ᢙࠍⵍ㛎⠪ߏߣߦ ว⸘ߒߚޕ߹ߚ㧘ౕ⊛⸃㉼ߩ࿁╵ᢙ㧘ᗧ߇ਇᱜ⏕ߢ⽎⊛ߥ⸃㉼ߩ࿁╵ᢙ㧘ᗧ⊛ߦోߊή 㑐ㅪߥ࿁╵ᢙ߽ⵍ㛎⠪ߏߣߦว⸘ߒߚޕ
2㧙2㧚⚿ᨐ
3 ߦᱜ╵ᢙ㧘ౕ⊛࿁╵ᢙ㧘⽎⊛ߢਇᱜ⏕ߥ࿁╵ᢙ㧘ᗧ⊛ߦή㑐ㅪߥ࿁╵ᢙߩᐔဋߣ
ᮡḰᏅࠍ␜ߒߚޕ
3㧚ᱜ╵ᢙ㧘ౕ⊛࿁╵ᢙ㧘⽎⊛ߢਇᱜ⏕ߥ࿁╵ᢙ㧘ᗧ⊛ߦή㑐ㅪߥ࿁╵ᢙߩᐔဋ୯ ᱜ╵ᢙ ౕ ⽎ਇᱜ⏕ ή㑐ㅪ
ᐔဋ
㧿㧰
৻ੱᒰߚࠅߩᱜ╵ᢙߪ8.17 (SD; 1.38)ߢߞߚޕ⺋╵ߩਛߢߪ㧘ਇᱜ⏕ߢ⽎⊛ߥ࿁╵߇ᦨ
߽ᄙߊ㧘৻ੱᒰߚࠅ1.19 (SD; 1.08)ߢߞߚޕౕ⊛ߥ࿁╵߿ޔᗧ⊛ߦోߊή㑐ㅪߥ࿁╵ߪ
߶ߣࠎߤߥ߆ߞߚޕ
4 ߦฦߩᱜ╵₸㧘ౕ⊛ߥ࿁╵₸㧘ਇᱜ⏕ߢ⽎⊛ߥ࿁╵₸ޔ߅ࠃ߮ᗧ⊛ߦή㑐ㅪߥ
࿁╵₸ࠍ␜ߒߚޕ
4㧚ߏߣߩᱜ╵₸㧘ౕ⊛ߥ࿁╵₸㧘ਇᱜ⏕ߢ⽎⊛ߥ࿁╵₸㧘ή㑐ㅪߥ࿁╵₸ (%)
㗴⇟ภ ᱜ╵₸ ౕ ⽎ਇᱜ⏕ ή㑐ㅪ
⥄↱⸥ㅀߢߪ㗴⇟ภ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߏߣߦ㧘ߨᓧὐ߇ૐߊߥߞߚ߇㧘ᄙ⢇ㆬᛯߢߪᱜ╵₸߇ ᔅߕߒ߽㧘ਅ߇ࠆߣ߁ߎߣߦߪߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚޕౕ⊛⸃㉼ࠍߔࠆะߪ8ߢ߿߿ᄙ߆ߞߚޕ ਇᱜ⏕ߢ⽎⊛ߥ࿁╵ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆะߪ1㧘8㧘10ߢ߿߿ᄙ߆ߞߚޕᗧ⊛ߦή㑐ㅪߥ࿁╵ࠍ ߔࠆะߪߤߩ㗴ߢ߽߶ߣࠎߤ߁߆߇߃ߥ߆ߞߚޕ
࿑4ߦว⸘ᱜ╵ᢙߩಽᏓࠍ␜ߒߚޕ
ことわざ理解テストの開発
࿑㧚ᄙ⢇ㆬᛯᑼߦ߅ߌࠆᱜ╵ᢙߩಽᏓ
㧜 㧝 㧞 㧟 㧠 㧡 㧢 㧣 㧤 㧥 㧝㧜
ᱜ╵ᢙ ᐲᢙ
ᄙ⢇ㆬᛯߢߪ9ᱜ╵ߔࠆⵍ㛎⠪߇ᦨ߽ᄙ߆ߞߚޕ
5㧚⸥ㅀᑼߩᓧὐߣㆬᛯᑼߩ࿁╵ᢙߩ㑆ߩ⋧㑐ଥᢙ ㆬᛯᑼ ⸥ㅀᑼ
ᱜ╵ᢙ
ౕ⊛࿁╵ᢙ
⽎ਇᱜ╵ᢙ ή㑐ㅪ࿁╵ᢙ P ᱜ⏕ߐ ⽎ᕈ ㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕ
R
⎇ⓥ1,2ߩਔᣇߢ⾰⚕ߦ࿁╵ߒߚ234ฬߩ⥄↱⸥ㅀᑼߩᓧὐߣ㧘ᄙ⢇ㆬᛯᑼߩᓧὐߣߩ㑐 ଥࠍ⺞ߴࠆߚߦޔSpearmanߩ㗅⋧㑐ଥᢙࠍ▚ߒߚ(5)ޕㆬᛯᑼߩᱜ╵ᢙߣ㧘⸥ㅀᑼߩ ᱜ⏕ߐ㧘㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕߦᗧߥᱜߩ⋧㑐߇ࠄࠇߚޕᱜ⏕ߐ㧘㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕߣ㧘ㆬᛯᑼߩᱜ╵એᄖ ߩ࿁╵ᢙߩ㑆ߦߪᗧߥᒙ⽶ߩ⋧㑐߇ߞߚޕ⽎ᕈߣㆬᛯᑼߩ࿁╵ᢙߩ㑆ߦߪߕࠇ߽ᗧ ߥ⋧㑐ߪߥ߆ߞߚޕ
㧞㧙㧟㧚⠨ኤ
ㆬᛯ⢇ᒻᑼߦ߅ߌࠆᱜ╵ᢙߩᐔဋߪ8.17㧔SD;1.38㧕ߢޔᐲᢙ߇ᦨ߽ᄙᱜ╵ᢙߪ9ߢߞߚޕ ㆬᛯ⢇ᒻᑼߦ߅ߡߪߨ7߆ࠄ9߇ᐔဋߩᓧὐ▸࿐ߢࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕᰴߦ㧘⺋╵ߩਛߢ ᦨ߽ᄙ߆ߞߚߩߪਇᱜ⏕ߢ⽎⊛ߥߩㆬᛯߢ㧘ᐔဋ߇1.19㧔SD;1.08㧕ߢࠅޔ1߆2⒟ᐲ
ߢߞߚߣ߃ࠆޕઁᣇ㧘ోߊή㑐ㅪߥᗧߩ࿁╵ࠍߔࠆ߽ߩ߿㧘ౕ⊛ߥᗧߩ࿁╵ࠍߔࠆ߽
ߩߪ߶ߣࠎߤߥ߆ߞߚޕ
ㆬᛯ⢇ᒻᑼߩ႐วޔߏߣߩᱜ╵₸ߪ㗴⇟ภ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߏߣߦૐߊߥࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄߥ߆ߞߚޕ ߎߩߎߣߪޔ⥄↱⸥ㅀߩ࿁╵ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆะߢࠆߣ߃ࠆޕߎࠇߪ↰ਛࡆࡀ⍮⢻ᬌᩏV㧔↰
ਛᢎ⢒⎇ⓥᚲ㧘2003㧕ߩណὐࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞߆ࠄ⺋╵ߣߥࠆㆬᛯ⢇ࠍㆬߒߚߚ㧘ㆬᛯ⢇ᒻᑼߩ
㗴ߩ㔍ᤃᐲ߇ᄙዋᄌࠊߞߚߚ߆߽ߒࠇߥޕ
⥄↱⸥ㅀᑼߩᱜ⏕ߐ߿㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕߣޔㆬᛯᑼߩᱜ╵ᢙߣߩ㑆ߢᗧߥᱜߩ⋧㑐߇ࠄࠇޔㆬᛯ ᑼߩ 3 ߟߩ⺋╵ߣߩ㑆ߦߪᗧߥ⽶ߩ⋧㑐߇ࠄࠇߚޕߎࠇߪޔᄙ⢇ㆬᛯߣ⥄↱⸥ㅀᑼߩᬌᩏ ߩ㑆ߦࠆ⒟ᐲߩ৻⽾ᕈ߇ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ໂߒߡࠆߣ߃ࠆޕ⥄↱⸥ㅀߦ߅ߌࠆ⽎ᕈߣߩ㑆ߦ
ᗧߥ⋧㑐߇ోߊߥ߆ߞߚߩߪ㧘⽎ᕈᓧὐߩ▸࿐߇㕖Ᏹߦ⁜ߚߢࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ
㧟㧚✚ว⠨ኤ
ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘⻊ℂ⸃࠹ࠬ࠻ࠍᚑߒ㧘ஜᏱ⠪ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿁╵ߩᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߚޕ⥄↱⸥ㅀߦ߅ߌࠆ ᱜ⏕ߐᓧὐߪ߶߷ᱜⷙಽᏓߒ㧘ฦߩ㔍ᤃᐲߪ㗴⇟ภ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߏߣߦ㜞ߊߥߞߚޕߚߣ߃
߫ޔᦨ߽㜞߆ߞߚ৻⋡ߩᱜ⏕ߐߩᐔဋᓧὐߪ1.81ߢ㧘ᦨ߽ૐ߆ߞߚ10⋡ߪ0.14ߢࠅ㧘 㔍ᤃᐲߩ߫ࠄߟ߈߇ᄢ߈߆ߞߚߣ߃ࠆޕ߹ߚ㧘㆐ᚑࠬࠦࠕ߽ᱜ⏕ߐߣห᭽ߩะ߇߁߆߇߃ࠆޕ ߔߴߡߩ⻊߇߶߷ห╬ߩ㔍ᤃᐲߢߞߚ႐ว㧘⻊ߩ⍮⼂㊂ᰴ╙ߢ㧘ోߦ㔍ߥߊᱜ╵ߔࠆࠤࠬ
߿㧘ࠆߪ߶ߣࠎߤ࿁╵ߢ߈ߥࠤࠬ߇ᗐቯߐࠇࠆޕߒ߆ߒ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪᐢ㔍ᤃᐲߩ⻊
ࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈㧘⻊ߩ⍮⼂㊂ߣ㧘ᗧࠍ⍮ࠄߥ⻊ࠍផ᷹ߒޔ࿁╵ߔࠆ႐วߩ࿁╵ౝኈߩ
․ᓽߩਔᣇࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥߞߚޕߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘↪ߒߚ⻊ߩ㔍ᤃᐲߪᅷᒰߢߞߚߣ
߃ࠆޕ
⽎ᕈᓧὐߢߪᄢᣇߩⵍ㛎⠪ߪ18߆20ὐߣ㜞ᓧὐࠍᓧߚޕ߆ߦᗧ⊛ߦㅺ⣕ߒߚౝኈߩ
࿁╵ࠍߒߚߣߒߡ߽㧘⻊ߢߐࠇߡࠆන⺆ߦߣࠄࠊࠇߚ࿁╵ࠍߒߥ߆߉ࠅ㧘⽎ᕈᓧὐߪ2 ὐߣߐࠇߚߚ㧘ᄙߊߩⵍ㛎⠪߇㜞ᓧὐߢߞߚߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ
ᄙ⢇ㆬᛯᒻᑼߩᬌᩏߢߪ㧘㗴⇟ภ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߏߣߦ㧘ᱜ╵₸߇ᔅߕߒ߽㜞ߊߥࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄ ߥ߆ߞߚޕᧄ᧪ᦨ߽㔍ᤃᐲ߇ૐߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ1⋡ߩᱜ╵₸߇3⇟⋡ߦૐ߆ߞߚޕߎࠇߪ㧘 ߚߣ߃߫ޔ1⋡ߩޟੑࠍㅊ߁߽ߩߪ৻ࠍ߽ᓧߕޠߢ㧘⽎⊛ߢਇᱜ⏕ߥ࿁╵ߩޟ᰼ᒛࠆߣ
߽߽ࠄ߃ߥޠߣ߁ㆬᛯ⢇߇㧘ੱ߆ߩ࿁╵⠪ߦߣߞߡߪ⚗ࠄࠊߒ߆ߞߚ߆ࠄ߆߽ߒࠇߥޕ ෩ኒߦ㔍ᤃᐲࠍ㗴ߦߔࠆ႐วޔㆬᛯ⢇ߩ⺋╵ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ᢙ⒳㘃ߩㆬᛯ⢇ᒻᑼߩ࠹ࠬ࠻ࠍ
ᚑߒ㧘⥄↱⸥ㅀߣห᭽㧘㗴⇟ภ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߏߣߦ㧘㔍ᤃᐲ߇㜞ߊߥࠆࠃ߁ߦᎿᄦߔࠆᔅⷐ ߇ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ
࿁ߩᬌ⸛ߢߪ㧘⻊ࠍ৻⥸ൻߒ㧘࿁╵ߔࠆߎߣ߇࿎㔍ߥ⻊߇ߞߚߎߣ߇߁߆߇߃ߚޕ߃߫
ޟႧ⠃߇㚍ޠߪޟੱߩᐘ㧘ਇᐘߪ੍᷹ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥޠߣ߁ߎߣࠍ⸒ߒߡࠆ߇㧘ߎ ࠇߪ⍮⼂ߣߒߡߒߡߥߌࠇ߫㧘⻊ࠍផ᷹ߒ㧘࿁╵ߔࠆߎߣ߇㔍ߒޕ߹ߚ㧘ήℂߦᱜ╵ࠍ ዉߎ߁ߣߒߡ㧘ஜᏱ⠪ߢࠅߥ߇ࠄ㧘ㅺ⣕ߒߚ⁛․ߥߩ࿁╵߿㧘ሼ⟵ߤ߅ࠅߩ࿁╵߇ߥߐࠇ ࠆน⢻ᕈ߽ࠅ㧘ᕁ⠨ߩ㓚ኂࠍߔࠆᖚ⠪ߣߩ߇ઃ߈ߦߊߊߥࠆ߅ߘࠇ߇ࠆޕߘࠇߦኻߒ
ことわざ理解テストの開発
ߡ㧘D-KEFS 㧔Delis et al., 2001㧕ߢߪ߃߫㧘ޟNo bread is without a crust.㧔⡊߇ߥߌࠇ߫
ࡄࡦߢߪߥ㧕ޠߣ߁⻊߇↪ߐࠇߡࠆ߇㧘ߎࠇߪޟቢ⅜ߥੱߪߥޠޟߤࠎߥߦ⦟߽ߩ ߢ߽ቢ⅜ߥ߽ߩߪߥޠߣߞߚᗧߢࠅޔ৻⥸ൻߒ㧘࿁╵ߔࠆߎߣ߇㧘ࠆ⒟ᐲน⢻ߣᕁࠊ ࠇࠆ⻊ߣ߃ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥޕD-KEFS㧔Delis et al., 2001㧕ߢ↪ߐࠇߡࠆ⻊ߪߘߩઁߦ߽
એਅߩ6ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ਥ⺆㧘ㅀ⺆߇⍎ߢ㧘ᗧ߇ࠊ߆ࠅߦߊන⺆ࠍ⻊߇߶ߣࠎߤߥޕ
6㧚D-KEFS㧔Delis et al., 2001㧕ߩਅᬌᩏߢ↪ߐࠇࠆ⻊
㪠㫋㪼㫄㪈 㪰㫆㫌㩷㪺㪸㫅㩾㫋㩷㫁㫌㪻㪾㪼㩷㪸㩷㪹㫆㫆㫂㩷㪹㫐㩷㫀㫋㫊㩷㪺㫆㫍㪼㫉㪅
㪠㫋㪼㫄㪉 㪛㫆㫅㩾㫋㩷㪺㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫐㫆㫌㫉㩷㪺㪿㫀㪺㫂㪼㫅㫊㩷㪹㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㩷㫋㪿㪼㫐㩷㪸㫉㪼㩷㪿㪸㫋㪺㪿㪼㪻㪅 㪠㫋㪼㫄㪊 㪩㫆㫄㪼㩷㫎㪸㫊㫅㩾㫋㩷㪹㫌㫀㫃㫋㩷㫀㫅㩷㪸㩷㪻㪸㫐㪅
㪠㫋㪼㫄㪋 㪫㫆㫆㩷㫄㫌㪺㪿㩷㪺㫆㫆㫂㫊㩷㫊㫇㫆㫀㫃㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫊㫆㫌㫇㪅
㪠㫋㪼㫄㪌 㪧㪼㫆㫇㫃㪼㩷㫎㪿㫆㩷㫃㫀㫍㪼㩷㫀㫅㩷㪾㫃㪸㫊㫊㩷㪿㫆㫌㫊㪼㩷㫊㪿㫆㫌㫃㪻㫅㩾㫋㩷㫋㪿㫉㫆㫎㩷㫊㫋㫆㫅㪼㫊㪅 㪠㫋㪼㫄㪍 㪘㫅㩷㫆㫃㪻㩷㫆㫏㩷㫇㫃㫆㫎㫊㩷㪸㩷㫊㫋㫉㪸㫀㪾㪿㫋㩷㫉㫆㫎㪅
㪠㫋㪼㫄㪎 㪘㩷㫊㫄㪸㫃㫃㩷㫃㪼㪸㫂㩷㫎㫀㫃㫃㩷㫊㫀㫅㫂㩷㪸㩷㫃㪸㫉㪾㪼㩷㫊㪿㫀㫇㪅 㪠㫋㪼㫄㪏 㪥㫆㩷㪹㫉㪼㪸㪻㩷㫀㫊㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㫆㫌㫋㩷㪸㩷㪺㫉㫌㫊㫋
ᓟ㧘ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⻊࠹ࠬ࠻ߩᚑߦ߅ߡߪ㧘D-KEFS㧔Delis et al., 2001㧕ߣห᭽㧘ਥ⺆㧘ㅀ
⺆߇⍎ߢ㧘⸃㉼ߒߦߊන⺆ࠍ߹ߕ㧘ផ᷹ߦࠃࠆ࿁╵߇ࠆ⒟ᐲน⢻ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ⻊ࠍㆬߔ ࠆߎߣ߽߭ߣߟߩᣇ╷ߢࠈ߁ޕ࿁↪ߚ⻊ߩਛߢߪޟੑࠍㅊ߁߽ߩߪ৻ࠍ߽ᓧߕޠޟ⢻
ࠆ㣔ߪῪࠍ㓝ߔޠ߇චಽߘߩ᧦ઙࠍḩߚߒߡࠆޕߘߩઁߦ߽ޟߩਛߩⰶ ᄢᶏࠍ⍮ࠄߕޠ
߿ޟ㕍ߪ⮣ࠃࠅߢߡ㧘⮣ࠃࠅ㕍ߒޠߣߞߚ⻊ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ
ߐࠄߦ㧘ᓟߩᬌ⸛ߢᔅⷐߥߎߣߪ㧘⛔วᄬ⺞∝ᖚ⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߦ⺞ᩏߔࠆߎߣߢࠆޕᖚ⠪ߩ⻊
ߩℂ⸃ᐲࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ஜᏱ⠪ߩᓧὐߣߩ㑆ߦਵ㔌߇ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆㧘․ᓽ⊛ߥߦࠃࠆ࿁
╵߇ߥߐࠇߡࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ࠍᬌ⸛ߒ㧘ᕁ⠨㓚ኂࠍหቯߔࠆߚߩ⻊࠹ࠬ࠻ߩ↪ᕈࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆᔅ ⷐ߇ࠆޕ߹ߚ㧘࿁ߪ 20 ᱦ೨ᓟߩᄢቇ↢ߩߺߢᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߚ߇㧘⥃ᐥ⊛↪ᕈࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ㧘
⡯ᬺ߿ᐕ㦂ߥߤࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡࠃࠅᄙ᭽ߥኻ⽎⠪ߦ⺞ᩏࠍߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢࠈ߁ޕ
ᣣᧄ⺆ ⻊࠹ࠬ࠻ߩᬌ⸛ߦ㑐ߒߡޔ᧖ᶆઁ㧔1995㧕߿㥲⮮ઁ㧔1997㧕ߩᣣᧄ⺆ Harrowᕁ
⠨㓚ኂ⹏ଔዤᐲ߇ࠆޕߎࠇߪේ ߩMarengo et al.㧔1986㧕ߩᕁ⠨㓚ኂዤᐲߣห᭽ߦ㧘⻊ߩ ᗧ߇ߤߩ⒟ᐲᱜߒ߆ߪ⠨ᘦߐࠇߕ㧘࿁╵ߩౝኈ߇ᄸᅱߢ㧘⁛․ߢࠆ߆ߩߺ߇㊀ⷞߐࠇߚޕ ߘߩߚ㧘ᖚ⠪߇ᄸᅱߢ⁛․ߥ࿁╵ࠍߒߚ႐ว㧘ᗧ߇ోߊࠊ߆ࠄߥ߆ߞߚߚߦ㧘ᄸᅱߥ࿁╵
ࠍዉ߆ߑࠆࠍᓧߥ߆ߞߚߩ߆㧘ࠆߪ⸒⺆ಣℂߩㆊ⒟ߦࠄ߆ߩ㓚ኂࠍߒߡߚߚߦ㧘⻊
⸃㉼߇ᄸᅱߦߥߞߚߩ߆߇್ߒߥ߆ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪㆬᛯ⢇ᒻᑼߦࠃࠆ࿁╵߽↪ߚ ߚ㧘⥄↱⸥ㅀߢᄸᅱߥ࿁╵ࠍߒߚߣߒߡ߽㧘ㆬᛯ⢇ߢᱜ╵ߔࠇ߫㧘ᕁ⠨ㆊ⒟ߦᄢ߈ߥ㓚ኂ߇
ࠆߣߪ߃ߥߎߣ߇ផ᷹ߢ߈ߚޕ৻ᣇߢ㧘⥄↱⸥ㅀߢᄸᅱߥ࿁╵ࠍߒ㧘ㆬᛯ⢇ߢ߽⺋╵ߔࠆߎ ߣ߇ᄙߊࠇ߫㧘⸒⺆ಣℂߩㆊ⒟ߦ㓚ኂ߇ࠆߎߣࠍ⇼߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕߎ߁ߞߚ ߎߣࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߎߣ߇᧪ࠆὐߢ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߩᗧ⟵ߪᄢ߈߆ߞߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ
㧠ⷐ⚂
ᕁ⠨㓚ኂࠍᬌߔࠆߚߩᣣᧄ⺆ ⻊ℂ⸃࠹ࠬ࠻ࠍᚑߒޔஜᏱ⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߚޕ
↰ਛࡆࡀ⍮⢻ᬌᩏ V㧔↰ਛᢎ⢒⎇ⓥᚲ㧘2003㧕ߩਅᬌᩏߩ⻊ࠍ↪ߒޔ⥄↱⸥ㅀᑼ߅ࠃ߮
ㆬᛯ⢇ᒻᑼߢ⻊ℂ⸃ᐲߩ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚޕ⚿ᨐޔᐢ㔍ᤃᐲߩ⻊ࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚߎߣ߿ޔ
⥄↱⸥ㅀᑼߣㆬᛯ⢇ᒻᑼਔᣇߩ࿁╵․ᓽࠍߺࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅߘߩੱߩᕁ⠨᭽ᑼࠍផ᷹ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ ߇ࠊ߆ࠅޔߊߟ߆ߩᗧ⟵ߥὐ߇ࠄࠇߚޕᧄᬌᩏ߇ᕁ⠨㓚ኂߩᬌߦᅷᒰ߆ุ߆ࠍᬌ⸛ߔ ࠆߚߦޔᓟޔ⛔วᄬ⺞∝ߥߤߩᕁ⠨ߩ㗴ࠍߔࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆᖚ⠪ߢߩታᣉ߇ᔅⷐߣ߃ࠃ ߁ޕߘߩߢޔߐࠄߦ㧘㗄⋡ࠍ♖㍰ߒߡߊߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
Bleuler, E. (1911). Dementia Praecox oder Gruppe der schizophrenien. Leizig und Wien : Franz Deuticke.
Delis, D.C., Kaplan, E., & Kramer, J.H.㧔2001㧕.DelisKaplan Executive Function System. Psychological Corporation.
Gorham, D.R. (1956). A proverbs test for clinical and experimental use. Psychological Reports,2, 1-12 Kraepelin, E. (1910). Psychiatrie. Ein Lehrbuch fur Studierende und Arzte. achte Auflage. Leupzig :
Verlag von Johann Anbrosius Barth.
Marengo, J.T., Harrow, M., Lanin-Kettering, I., 㧒 Wilson, A (1986). Evaluating bizarre-idiosyncratic thinking: a comprehensive index of positive thought disorder. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 12, 497-511
ᢧ⮮⮍᧖ᶆᱜੱ⇌ືାਛㄟᐘጤᵄਤ⠀⌀৻㧔1997㧕㧚♖ಽⵚ∛ߩᕁ⠨㓚ኂߦኻߔࠆHarrow ᕁ⠨㓚ኂࠬࠤ࡞㧔ᣣᧄ⺆ 㧕ߩ↪ᕈߩᬌ⸛㧚⥃ᐥ♖කቇ㧘26㧘1443-1451
᧖ᶆᱜੱᢧ⮮⮍⇌ືାਛㄟᐘጤᵄਛᎹ㇚ᄦਤ⠀⌀৻㧔1995㧕㧚Harrowᕁ⠨㓚ኂࠬࠤ࡞
̆ᣣᧄ⺆ ߩା㗬ᕈᬌ⸛̆㧚♖⑼⸻ᢿቇ㧘6㧘333-344
↰ਛᢎ⢒⎇ⓥᚲ㧔2003㧕㧚↰ਛࡆࡀ⍮⢻ᬌᩏV. ↰⎇
Wechsler, D. (1955). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Manual. New York: Psychological Corporation.
ㅊ⸥
ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⪺⠪ߪ⑼ቇᛛⴚᝄ⥝ᯏ᭴CREST߆ࠄߩഥᚑࠍฃߌߡޔᧄ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߚޕ ことわざ理解テストの開発
ઃ㧚ᄙ⢇ㆬᛯᑼߩ⺞ᩏ
㧔#㧕ᗧ߇ᱜ⏕ߥ⸃㉼ 㧔$㧕ౕ⊛⸃㉼ 㧔%㧕ᗧ߇ਇᱜ⏕ߢ⽎⊛ߥ⸃㉼
㧔&㧕߹ߞߚߊή㑐ㅪߥ⸃㉼
ੑࠍㅊ߁߽ߩߪ৻ࠍ߽ᓧߕ㧔ߦߣࠍ߅߁߽ߩߪߞߣࠍ߽߃ߕ㧕 C ᰼ᒛࠆߣ߽߽ࠄ߃ߥ㧔%㧕
D 㕖Ᏹߦ↪ᔃᷓߎߣ㧔&㧕
E หᤨߦߟߩߎߣࠍߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠇ߫ޔߤߜࠄ߽߁߹ߊ߆ߥ㧔#㧕 F ੑߩࠍㅊ߆ߌࠆߣޔਔᣇߦࠇߡㅏߍࠆ߆ࠄޔ৻߽ߣࠇߥ㧔$㧕
ߣߔߞ߸ࠎ㧔ߟ߈ߣߔߞ߸ࠎ㧕
C ዊߐ㗃ߩ⠌ᘠߪᐕࠍߣߞߡ߽ᔓࠇߥ㧔&㧕 D ߈ࠇߥ߽ߩߣ߈ߚߥ߽ߩ㧔$㧕
E Ყセߔࠆߣ߈ߦ߁㧔%㧕 F ᄢ߈ߥᏅ߇ࠆ㧔#㧕
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♰ߦ㊉㧔ߧ߆ߦߊ߉㧕
C ♰ߦ㊉ࠍᛂߞߡ߽ല߈⋡߇ߥ㧔$㧕
D ଔ୯߇ࠊ߆ࠄߥߌࠇ߫ޔ⾆㊀ߥ߽ߩࠍਈ߃ߡ߽ή㚝ߣ߁ߎߣ㧔&㧕 E ዋߒ߽ᚻߏߚ߃߇ߥ㧔#
F ⛘ኻߦήℂߥߎߣ㧔%
৾ォ߮߈㧔ߥߥߎࠈ߮߿߅߈㧕 C ৻↢ ߦ㗎ᒛࠆߎߣ㧔%
D ᐲ߽ᄬᢌߒߡ߽ߊߓߌߕ┙ߜ⋥ࠆߎߣ㧔#
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ᐳฝߩ㌏㧔ߑࠁ߁ߩ㧕
C ᣣߏࠈ߆ࠄ⥄ಽߢޔ⥄ಽࠍᓞߔࠆᢎ⸠ߣߔࠆߎߣ߫㧔#㧕 D ᅢ߈ߥ⸒⪲㧔%㧕
E ᐳᏨߩฝߦࠆེ‛ߥߤߦೞࠎߛߎߣ߫㧔$㧕 F ఝࠇߚੱߢ߽ޔᄬᢌߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠆߣ߁ߎߣ㧔&㧕
ኢ⡊ߦ᳓㧔ߨߺߺߦߺߕ㧕 C ⋧ᚻࠍߪߞߣߐߖࠆߎߣ㧔%㧕 D ਇᗧߩ᧪ߦ㛳ߊ᭽ሶ㧔#㧕
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F ઁੱߩᄬᢌ߽ޔ⥄ಽࠍะߐߖࠆᚻഥߌߦߥࠆߎߣ㧔&㧕
ߩ↲ࠃࠅᐕߩഞ㧔߆ߩߎ߁ࠃࠅߣߒߩߎ߁㧕
C ߩ↲ߪ⃟㊀ߢࠆ߇ޔߘࠇࠃࠅ߽Ⓧߺ㊀ߨߚᐕᢙ߶ߤ⾆㊀ߪ߽ߩߪߥ㧔$㧕 D ᖡߎߣߦᖡߎߣ߇㊀ߥࠆߎߣ㧔&㧕
E ᐕ㐳⠪ߩ⚻㛎ߪ⾆㊀ߢࠆ㧔#㧕 F ⚻㛎߇߽ߩࠍ⸒߁㧔%㧕
Ⴇ⠃߇㚍㧔ߐ߅߁߇߁߹㧕 C ᦨ⚳⊛ߦߪߢ߽߁߹ߊߊ㧔%㧕
D ߅ᐕነࠅߩ㚍ߪㅏߍߡߒ߹ߞߚ߇ޔ߽ߒ߆ߒߚࠄᚑ㐳ߒߡᚯߞߡߊࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ㧔$㧕 E ࠇߎࠇ⠨߃ߡޔᖠࠎߛࠅߔࠆ㧔&㧕
F ੱ↢ߩᐘߖ߿ਇᐘࠍ੍᷹ߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ㧔#㧕
⢄⢙⋧ᾖࠄߔ㧔߆ࠎߚࠎߡࠄߔ㧕 C ᔃߩᐩ߹ߢߐࠄߌߒߡઃ߈ว߁ߎߣ㧔#㧕
D ⢄⤳ޔ⢙ߩ߁ߣ߽ߦᄢಾߢࠅޔ⋧↪߇ࠆ㧔$㧕 E ૃߚ߽ߩห჻㧔%㧕
F ᱠߡߺࠆߣޔᕁߞߡ߽ߺߥ߆ߞߚᐘㆇߦળ߁㧔&㧕 ことわざ理解テストの開発
55 ࠞ࠹ࠧߦ߅ߌࠆන⺆ߩ㗫ᐲ
᧻ਃᨑਛဝᄥਭ㇢
1㧚㗴ߣ⋡⊛
⸥ᙘ⎇ⓥ߿⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩ⎇ⓥߦ߅ߡߪޔ⸒⺆᧚ᢱߩዻᕈࠍ⛔ߔࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢࠆޕ⸥ᙘߩൻߦߟ
ߡߩ⎇ⓥߩਛ߆ࠄޔRosch㧔1978㧕ߪޔ⸥ᙘᬌ⚝ߦ߅ߡߪౖဳ⊛ߥ߶ߤᣧߊᬌ⚝ߐࠇࠆߎߣޔ⺆ᒵ⊒
㆐߽ห᭽ߦౖဳ⊛ߥ߶ߤᣧᦼߦቇ⠌ߔࠆߎߣޔߥߤࠍߒߡࠆޕߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄޔೝỗ᧚ᢱߩᏅ⇣߇ޔ
⸥ᙘታ㛎ߩ⚿ᨐߦ߽ᓇ㗀ࠍ߷ߔน⢻ᕈ߇ࠆߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇࠆޕᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪޔ⸥ᙘ߿⸒⺆ታ㛎ߦ߅ߌࠆೝ
ỗ᧚ᢱߩ╬ଔᕈࠍ㜞ࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡޔೝỗ᧚ᢱߩዻᕈߩ߭ߣߟߢࠆࠗࡔࠫଔߦߟߡߩ⺞ᩏࠍⴕ ߁ߎߣߣߒߚޕ
ߊߟ߆ߩ㘃ૃߩ⎇ⓥ߇ߎࠇ߹ߢႎ๔ߐࠇߡ߈ߚޕ߃߫ޔCohen, Bousfield &Whitmarsh (1957)ߪޔ43⒳㘃 ߩࠞ࠹ࠧࠍೝỗ⺆ߣߒߡޔߘࠇߦᚲዻߔࠆ⺆ࠍ⺞ᩏߒޔconnecticut ⷙḰߣߒߡႎ๔ߒߚޕߒ߆ߒޔฦ
ࠞ࠹ࠧߦߟߡޔߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߇߹ࠇࠆ߆ޔ߹ߚޔߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߇ࠃࠅ㗫ᐲ߇㜞߆ߣ߁ ὐߦߟߡߪޔᢥൻߩᓇ㗀ࠍᄙಽߦฃߌࠆߎߣ߇੍᷹ߐࠇࠆޕߔߥࠊߜޔઁ࿖ߦ߅ߡᚑߐࠇߚⷙḰࠍ ߘߩ߹߹⠡⸶ߒߡ↪ߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥޕᣣᧄੱࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ⎇ⓥߢ↪ࠆೝỗ᧚ᢱߪޔᣣᧄ⁛⥄ߩⷙḰ
ߦၮߠߚೝỗ߆ࠄㆬᛯߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߦߥߞߡߊࠆޕ
ᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆචಽߥࠞ࠹ࠧࠍ⺞ߴߚႎ๔ߣߒߡߪޔconnecticutⷙḰߩᚻ⛯߈ߦ୮ߞߚዊᎹ㧔1972㧕 ߣ⑺↰㧔1980㧕߇ࠆޕዊᎹ㧔1972㧕ߪ 52 ࠞ࠹ࠧߦዻߔࠆ⺆ߩ㗫ᐲߦߟߡޔ⑺↰㧔1980㧕߇ 50 ߩࠞ࠹ࠧߦዻߔࠆ⺆ߩ㗫ᐲߦߟߡႎ๔ߒߚޕߒ߆ߒޔߎࠇࠄߩ⎇ⓥ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚߩߪޔ1970ޔ 80 ᐕઍߢࠅޔႎ๔ߐࠇߡࠆߦߟߡ߽ޔઍߩ⁁ᴫߣߪวࠊߥߊߥߞߡࠆޕታ㓙ޔޟ㔀ޠߩ
ᔕ⺆ߩ╙৻ߪޟᐔಠࡄࡦ࠴ޠߢࠅޔޟฬੱޠߩᔕ⺆ߦߪޟࠤࡀ࠺ࠖޠ߿ޟ࡚ࠫࡦ࠰ࡦޠߥߤߩฬ೨߇ ਗࠎߢࠆޕ
ߘߩߚޔᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪޔዊᎹ㧔1972㧕ߣ⑺↰㧔1980㧕ߩࠞ࠹ࠧࠍෳᾖߒߡޔ55ߩฦࠞ࠹ࠧߦߟ
ߡޔߘࠇߙࠇߩߩะߩಽᨆࠍߔࠆㅊ⹜ࠍⴕߥߞߚޕߘࠇߦࠃߞߡޔ⸥ᙘ߅ࠃ߮⸒⺆⎇ⓥߦ߅ߌࠆ
╬ଔߥೝỗ᧚ᢱࠍ↪ࠆߚߩޔઍߩ⁁ᴫߦวߞߚࠞ࠹ࠧࠍᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚޕ
2㧚ᣇᴺ
⎇ⓥදജ⠪㧦
⎇ⓥදജ⠪ߪޔᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛ߣ⿰ᣦߦหᗧߒߚ㨀⋵ߩ㧞ߟߩᄢቇ⍴ᄢߩਛߩ㧟ߟߩቇㇱቇ↢ߢࠆޕߘ ߩ߁ߜ࿁╵ߦਇߩߞߚ1ฬࠍ㒰ߊ⸘263ฬ㧔↵ᕈ122ฬޔᅚᕈ141ฬ㧕ߩ࿁╵ࠍ࠺࠲ߣߒߡណ↪ߒߚޕ
⎇ⓥදജ⠪ߩᐔဋᐕ㦂ߪ18.9ᱦ㧔18ᱦ㨪26ᱦ㧕ߢߞߚޕ
研究紀要 富山大学杉谷キャンパス一般教育 第35号（2007） JLAS（vol.35,2007）
⺞ᩏ᧚ᢱ㧦
⺞ᩏ↪⚕ߣߒߡޔ55ࠞ࠹ࠧ߆ࠄߥࠆޟࠞ࠹ࠧᔕ⺆⸥↪⚕ޠࠍ↪ߚޕ55ߩࠞ࠹ࠧ৻ⷩߦ ߟߡߪޔ㧝ߦ⸥タߒߚޕ55ߩࠞ࠹ࠧߦߟߡߪޔዊᎹ(1972)㧔2㧕ߣ⑺↰(1980)㧔3㧕ߩࠞ࠹ࠧ
ࠍෳ⠨ߦߒߡޔታ㛎ೝỗߣߒߡߩ↪ᕈߩ㜞ߐࠍၮḰߦㆬቯࠍⴕߞߚޕㆬቯߒߚ߽ߩߦޔታ㛎ೝỗߣ ߒߡ↪ߢࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޔޟኅ⇓േ‛ޠޟᗵᖱޠޟᴦኅޠޟ㊁↢േ‛ޠߣ߁4ߟߩࠞ࠹ࠧࠍട߃ߡޔ 55ߩࠞ࠹ࠧߣߒߚޕࠞ࠹ࠧ↪⚕ߪ㧭㧠ࠨࠗ࠭ߩ↪⚕ࠍ↪ߡޔ↪⚕ߩᏀ┵ߦޟࠞ࠹ࠧޠฬࠍශ
ߒޔޟࠞ࠹ࠧޠߩฝߦ㧡ߟߩᔕ⺆ࠍ⸥ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߚޕߥ߅ޔ↪⚕ߩ৻ᨎ⋡ߦޟᕈޠޟᐕ㦂ޠޟቇ ㇱޠߩ⸥ᰣࠍ⸳ߌߚޕ
ᚻ⛯߈㧦
2007ᐕ6߆ࠄ7ߦ߆ߌߡޔදജߩᓧࠄࠇߚ⻠⟵ᤨ㑆ਛߦታᣉߒߚޕᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛ߣ⿰ᣦࠍචಽߦ⺑
ߒߚߢޔหᗧߩᓧࠄࠇߚදജ⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߦޔή⸥ฬߦߡ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚޕ⸥ߦ߅ߡ⸥ㅀߒߚޔ55ࠞ࠹ࠧ
߆ࠄߥࠆࠞ࠹ࠧᔕ⺆⸥↪⚕ࠍ㈩Ꮣߒޔ⚕ߩ⺑ᢥࠍ⺒ࠎߢ߽ࠄߞߚᓟߦޔᬌᩏ⠪߇ࠍߍߥ ߇ࠄญ㗡ߢᢎ␜ࠍⴕߞߚޕዊᎹ㧔1972㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆᚻ⛯߈ߢߪޔ1ߟߩࠞ࠹ࠧߩ⸥ᤨ㑆ࠍ1ಽߦಾࠆ ߣߞߚᣇᴺ߇ណ↪ߐࠇߡߚޕ߹ߚޔ⑺↰(1980)ߢߪ㒢ᤨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ߇ޔ࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߢߪ㓸࿅
ߦ߅ߌࠆታᣉߩኈᤃߐࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡޔታᣉᤨ㑆ࠍ෩ኒߦߪಾࠄߥ߆ߞߚޕߚߛߒޔోߩታᣉᤨ㑆ߣߒߡޔ ߅ࠃߘ㧟㧜ಽߢ࿁ࠍⴕߞߚޕ
1㧚55ࠞ࠹ࠧ৻ⷩ
ࠞ࠹ࠧฬ ࠞ࠹ࠧฬ ࠞ࠹ࠧฬ
ᢱຠ ⧓ⴚኅ ⵝりౕ
⦡ ൻ♆ຠ ᑪ‛ߩㇱಽ
ᶏ ర⚛ ⺞ᢱ
↵ߩฬ೨ ᇅᭉ ᄤ
ᅚߩฬ೨ ⯻ 㠽
㗻ߩࡄ࠷ 㝼 Άᢱ
ኅౕ 㔀 㘶ߺ߽ߩ
⩻ሶ ༵ᅢຠ ਸ਼ࠅ‛
ኅ ⥄ὼ⽎ ߪ߈߽ߩ
ኅ⇓േ‛ ᤨઍ ⧎
ቇ⑼㧔⑼⋡㧕 ቬᢎ ∛᳇
ᭉེ ⡯ᬺ ᱞེ
りߩࡄ࠷ ᬀ‛ ᢥᚱౕ
Ꮉߩฬ೨ 㘩‛ ቲ⍹
ᗵᖱ ᦠ‛ ㊁⩿
᮸ᧁ ੱ⒳ ㊁↢േ‛
㊄ዻ ࠬࡐ࠷ ጊߩฬ೨
ᨐ‛ ᴦኅ ฬੱ
࿖
⸼㧦ᄥሼߩࠞ࠹ࠧߪᧄ⺞ᩏߢᣂߒߊㅊട
2㧚52ߩࠞ࠹ࠧ৻ⷩ㧔ዊᎹ㧘1972㧕
ࠞ࠹ࠧฬ ࠞ࠹ࠧฬ ࠞ࠹ࠧฬ
ᢱ ൻ♆ຠ ᄤ
⦡ ర⚛ 㠽
ᶏ ㋶‛ Άᢱ
߅߽ߜ߾ ⯻ ਸ਼ࠅ‛
㖸ᭉ ᚽ⢻ ߪ߈߽ߩ
ኅౕ 㝼 ߪߜࠀ߁㘃
⩻ሶ 㔀 ⧎
ኅ ᐫ ‛
⽻ᐊ ⡯ᬺ ᖱ
ᗵⷡ ㄉᦠ ∛᳇
ቇ⑼⋡ ᤨઍ ⦁
ᭉེ ࠬࡐ࠷ ᱞེ
ᧁ ᄢᎿౕ ᢥᚱౕ
᳇⽎ บᚲ↪ຠ ቲ⍹
⮎ ࿅ ㊁⩿
ᨐ‛ ⺞ᢱ ኈེ
࿖ ᄤἴ ߟ⿷ߩേ‛
⸘ེ
⸼㧦ਅ✢ߩࠞ࠹ࠧߪޔᧄ⺞ᩏߢߪᧂ↪
3㧚50ߩࠞ࠹ࠧ৻ⷩ㧔⑺↰㧘1980㧕
ࠞ࠹ࠧฬ ࠞ࠹ࠧฬ ࠞ࠹ࠧฬ
ᢱຠ ర⚛ ᑪ‛ߩㇱಽ
⦡ ㋶‛ 㘩‛
㘶ᢱ᳓ ⯻ ᄤ
↵ߩฬ೨ ᇅᭉ 㠽
ᅚߩฬ೨ 㝼 േ‛
⽴ 㔀 Άᢱ
㗻ߩㇱಽ ቬᢎ ਸ਼ࠅ‛
Ꮉߩฬ ༵ᅢຠ ⧎
ኅౕ ਥ⟵ 㕖㊄ዻ
ߩㇱಽ ⡯ᬺ ∛᳇
ቇ⑼ ᬀ‛ ᱞེ
ᭉེ ᦠ‛ ᢥᚱౕ
㊄ዻ ⥄ὼ⽎ ㊁⩿
ᨐ‛ ᮸ᧁ ጊߩฬ
࿖ ੱ⒳ ฬੱ
ൻ♆ຠ ࠬࡐ࠷ ྾⿷േ‛
⧓ⴚኅ ⵝりౕ
⸼㧦ਅ✢ߩࠞ࠹ࠧߪᧄ⺞ᩏߢߪᧂ↪
55カテゴリーにおける単語の出現頻度
3㧚⚿ᨐ
⚿ᨐߩᢛℂߦߚߞߡߪޔᔕ⺆߇ޔ߭ࠄ߇ߥޔࠞ࠲ࠞ࠽ޔṽሼߩߕࠇߢ⸥ߒߡߞߡ߽ޔᢥሼߩᏅ ߛߌ㧔߃߫ޔ⿒ޔ߆ޔࠕࠞ㧕ߩ႐วߦߪห৻ߩ߽ߩߣߒߡ㓸⸘ߒޔᦨ߽㜞㗫ᐲߢࠊࠇߚᢥሼߢߩ⸥
ࠍណ↪ߒߚޕ߹ߚޔߘߩᔕ⺆ߦ⛯ߊᢥሼ߇ࠆ႐ว㧔߃߫ޔ⿒ޔ⿒⦡㧕߽ห৻ߩ߽ߩߣߒߡ㓸⸘ߒߚޕ ߒ߆ߒޔᗧ⊛ߦห৻ߩ߽ߩࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢߞߡ߽߇⇣ߥࠆ႐ว㧔߃߫ޔ᳓⚛ޔ㧴㧕ߪޘߩ߽ߩߣ ߒߡ㓸⸘ߒߚޕߘߩᓟޔࠞ࠹ࠧߦޔᔕ⺆ߩ✚ᢙޔ㧔✚ᢙ㧕ޔ₸ޔ╙৻ᔕ⺆ߣߒߡߩᢙ 㧔㧾㧝㧕ޔ╙ੑᔕ⺆ߣߒߡߩᢙ㧔㧾㧞㧕ޔ╙ਃᔕ⺆ߣߒߡߩᢙ㧔㧾㧟㧕ޔ╙྾ᔕ⺆ߣߒߡߩ
ᢙ㧔㧾㧠㧕ޔ╙ᔕ⺆ߣߒߡߩᢙ㧔㧾㧡㧕ߣߒߡޔߒߚ㗫ᐲࠍ᳞ߚޕߥ߅ޔ್⺒ߩ㔍ߒ߽ߩ߿ޔ
ᔕߣߒߡㆡಾߢߥ߽ߩߦߟߡߪ㒰ᄖߒߡ㓸⸘ࠍⴕߞߚޕ
⚕㕙ߩㇺวޔฦࠞ࠹ࠧߦዻߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡߒߚᔕ⺆ߩ߁ߜޔ10ߩන⺆ߦߟߡޔઃ
1㨪55ߣߒߡ⸥タߒߚޕ
4㧚⠨ኤ
ᧄ⺞ᩏߪޔዊᎹ㧔1972㧕ߣ⑺↰㧔1980㧕ߩႎ๔߆ࠄ⚂30ᐕߩᐕࠍ⚻ߡታᣉߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢࠆޕߘߎߢޔ
࿁ߩ⚿ᨐࠍ↪ߡޔዊᎹ㧔1972㧕߅ࠃ߮⑺↰㧔1980㧕ߣߩᲧセߩߢޔᧄ⚿ᨐߩ⠨ኤࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߣߔࠆޕ
߹ߕޔో⊛ߥ⚿ᨐࠍࠆߣޔᤨઍߩᄌൻߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߚࠞ࠹ࠧߣޔᲧセ⊛ᤨઍߩᄌൻࠍฃߌߡߥ
ࠍ߽ߟࠞ࠹ࠧ߇ሽߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚޕ߃߫ޔฬੱ߿㔀ߥߤߪޔዊᎹ㧔1972㧕߅ ࠃ߮⑺↰㧔1980㧕ߩႎ๔ߣᄢ߈ߊᄌൻߒߡࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔߎࠇࠄߩࠞ࠹ࠧߦ߅ߡߪޔฦߩ₸
߇ૐߊߥߞߡࠆޕߟ߹ࠅޔߘࠇߛߌᄙߊߩ⒳㘃ߩ࿁╵߇␜ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔߎࠇࠄߩࠞ࠹ࠧߦߪޔਁੱߦ
ㅢߔࠆߣ߁߽ߩ߇ߺߟ߆ࠅߦߊߎߣ߇ផ᷹ߐࠇࠆޕ৻ᣇߢޔ⦡߿㗻ߩࡄ࠷ߥߤߪޔዊᎹ㧔1972㧕 ߣ⑺↰㧔1980㧕ߩႎ๔ߣߘࠇ߶ߤᏅ߇ߥޕߒ߆߽ޔฦ߇߆ߥࠅߩ㜞₸㧔ޟ⦡ޠߩ╙৻ᔕ߇88.6㧑ޔޟ㗻 ߩࡄ࠷ޠߩ╙৻ᔕ߇98.1㧑㧕ߢߒߡࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔߎࠇࠄߩࠃ߁ߥࠞ࠹ࠧߪޔࠆ⒟ᐲᄙߊߩ
⠪ߦㅢߔࠆߣ߁߽ߩ߇ሽߒߡࠆߎߣ߇߁߆߇ࠊࠇࠆޕ
߹ߚޔ⺞ᩏߩታᣉ႐ᚲ߿⎇ⓥදജ⠪ߩࠅߦࠃࠆ࠺࠲ߩ㆑߽ߡขࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ߃߫ޔޟጊߩฬ ೨ޠ߿ޟᎹߩฬ೨ޠߥߤߪޔዊᎹ㧔1972㧕ߣ⑺↰㧔1980㧕ߩႎ๔ޔᧄ⚿ᨐߩߔߴߡߦ߅ߡޔߘߩߩ
ᨩࠍᤋߒߚ߇ᄙᢙߒߡࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆޕߐࠄߦޔ⑺↰㧔1980㧕ߦ߅ߡޟቇ⑼ޠߩࠞ࠹ࠧ
ߩ╙㧞߇ޔޟᔃℂቇޠߢࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ⎇ⓥදജ⠪ߩᜬߟ⢛᥊߇ߣߥߞߡߒߡࠆߎߣ߽ߖࠆޕ ᧄ⚿ᨐߦ߅ߡ߽ޔޟ⡯ᬺޠߩࠞ࠹ࠧߦ߅ߡޔޟකᏧޠޟ⋴⼔Ꮷޠޟ⮎Ꮷޠ߇ߦਗࠎߢࠆ߇ޔߎ ࠇߪᧄ⺞ᩏߦ߅ߌࠆ⎇ⓥදജ⠪ߩኾߣ߽㑐ଥ߇ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ
ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔዊᎹ㧔1972㧕߅ࠃ߮⑺↰㧔1980㧕ߩႎ๔ߣޔᧄ⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐࠍᲧセߒߚߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔᤨઍߩ ᄌൻ߿⎇ⓥදജ⠪ߩࠅߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆࠞ࠹ࠧߣޔᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߥࠞ࠹ࠧ߇ሽߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ ߣߥߞߚޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥᏅߪޔ࿁ᓧࠄࠇߚ࠺࠲ࠍ↪ߡޔታ㛎߿⺞ᩏߩߚߩೝỗࠍᚑߔࠆ㓙ߦ߽⠨ᘦ ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢࠆޕߟ߹ࠅޔᤨઍߩᄌൻ߿ޔ⎇ⓥදജ⠪ߩࠅߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡߥࠞ࠹ࠧߦߟ
ߡߪޔቯߒߚታ㛎↪ߩೝỗߣߒߡ↪ࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣ߃ࠆޕ৻ᣇߢޔᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡࠆࠞ࠹ࠧߦߟ
ߡߪޔߘߩߎߣࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚߢ↪ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔታ㛎⋡⊛ߦวߞߚ↪ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߴ߈ߢ
ࠈ߁ޕ
ᦨᓟߦޔᧄ⺞ᩏߩㆀⴕᤨߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ␜߅ࠃ߮⺞ᩏ᧚ᢱߩ㊀ⷐᕈߦߟߡㅀߴߡ߅ߊޕᧄ⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐߩ߭ߣ ߟߢࠆޟᶏޠߩࠞ࠹ࠧߦߪޔᶏᵗߩฬ೨ߦട߃ߡޔޟ㝼ޠޟᵄޠ߿ޟ㕍ޠߣߞߚࠃ߁ߥᶏ߆ࠄㅪᗐߐ ࠇࠆ߇ᄙᢙߒߡࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⚿ᨐߪޔᢎ␜߅ࠃ߮ޔ⺞ᩏߩ㓙ߦ↪ࠆ᧚ᢱߩ㗴߆ࠄ↢ߓߚน
⢻ᕈ߇ࠆޕ࿁ߩ⺞ᩏ⋡⊛ߪࠞ࠹ࠧߩᚑߢࠅޔߘߩߚߦߪޔޟࠆන⺆ߦዻߔࠆਅᔨޠߦ ߟߡߘߩะࠍߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕߘߩࠃ߁ߥታᣉ⋡⊛ߦᾖࠄߒวࠊߖߡߺࠇ߫ޔޟ㝼ޠޟᵄޠ߿ޟ㕍ޠ ߣߞߚߪਅᔨߢߪߥߊޔޟㅪᗐ⺆ޠߣ੍᷹ߐࠇޔ⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡㆡಾߣߪ߃ߥޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ
㗴ߪޔޟਅᔨࠍ⸥ߔࠆޠߣ߁ᢎ␜߇ᔀᐩߒߡߥ߆ߞߚߎߣޔ⺞ᩏ᧚ᢱߦ⸥タߒߡࠆࠞ࠹ࠧ
ฬ߇ޟᶏߩฬ೨ޠߢߪߥߊޔޟᶏޠߛߞߚߎߣߥߤ߆ࠄ↢ߓߚ߽ߩߢࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕߘߩߚޔᓟห᭽
ߩ⺞ᩏࠍⴕ߁႐วߦߪޔ࿁╵ߩ㒢ࠍട߃ࠆޔࠞ࠹ࠧߩฬ೨ࠍㆡಾߥ߽ߩߦߔࠆߥߤߩޔᢎ␜߅ࠃ߮᧚ ᢱߦߟߡߩᎿᄦࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆߢࠈ߁ޕ
⻢ㄉ
ᧄ⺞ᩏߩ࠺࠲㓸߅ࠃ߮ಽᨆߦ㑐ߒߡߏදജߚߛߚንጊᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ⮎ቇ⎇ⓥㇱᔃℂቇᢎቶߩṚ ᧄᢕሶߐࠎ߅ࠃ߮หᢎቶᄢቇ㒮↢ߩ⠀↢ఝኼሶߐࠎߣ⼱ญలำߦ⸥ߒߡᗵ⻢ߚߒ߹ߔޕ
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
⑺↰ᷡ ࠞ࠹ࠧߦዻߔࠆ⺆ߩ㗫ᐲ หᔒ␠ᄢቇੱᢥቇ
Cohen, B.H., Bousfield,W.A., & Whitmarsh, G.A. (1957). Cultural norms for verbal items 43 categories. Technical Report, 22.University of Connecticut, Contract nonr. 631. Office of Naval Research.
ዊᎹ༹ᄦ ࠞ࠹ࠧߦዻߔࠆ⺆ߩ㗫ᐲ ੱᢥ⺰ⓥ
Rosch, E. (1978) . Principles of categorization. E.Rosch., & B.Blloyd, (Ed.), Cognition and Categorization. Hillsdale, NJ; Erlbaum.
ㅊ⸥
ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⪺⠪ߪ⑼ቇᛛⴚᝄ⥝ᯏ᭴CREST߆ࠄߩഥᚑࠍฃߌߡޔᧄ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߚޕ 55カテゴリーにおける単語の出現頻度
ઃ1㧚ᢱຠ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 㨀ࠪࡖ࠷ 138 52.5% 59 24 24 18 13
2 ࠭ࡏࡦ 115 43.7% 25 45 24 12 9
3 㕦ਅ 110 41.8% 7 12 27 33 31
4 ࠬࠞ࠻ 105 39.9% 34 29 21 15 6
5 ࠫࡦ࠭ 87 33.1% 20 22 23 11 11
6 ࠪࡖ࠷ 69 26.2% 29 14 9 8 9
7 ࡄࡦ࠷ 54 20.5% 3 17 15 14 5
8 Ᏺሶ 35 13.3% 3 3 6 9 14
9 ࠫࡖࠤ࠶࠻ 31 11.8% 0 5 6 11 9
10 㨅ࠪࡖ࠷ 30 11.4% 2 10 7 5 6
ઃ2㧚⦡
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ⿒ 233 88.6% 115 42 37 27 12
2 㕍 222 84.4% 47 92 37 27 19
3 㤛 185 70.3% 6 17 83 42 37
4 ⊕ 173 65.8% 28 44 29 39 33
5 㤥 157 59.7% 24 32 19 27 55
6 ✛ 122 46.4% 14 7 18 53 30
7 ࡇࡦࠢ 56 21.3% 11 6 14 10 15
8 ⚡ 47 17.9% 3 5 7 10 22
9 ࠝࡦࠫ 34 12.9% 7 3 4 10 10
10 ᳓⦡ 15 5.7% 3 3 1 3 5
ઃ3㧚ᶏ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ᣣᧄᶏ 147 55.9% 83 17 20 13 14
2 ᄥᐔᵗ 143 54.4% 47 59 14 15 8
3 ᄢᵗ 116 44.1% 0 37 42 15 22
4 ࠗࡦ࠼ᵗ 89 33.8% 3 5 23 35 23
5 ࠝࡎ࠷ࠢᶏ 49 18.6% 12 9 10 13 5
6 㕍 45 17.1% 22 10 6 3 4
7 ਛᶏ 44 16.7% 1 8 5 15 15
8 㝼 40 15.2% 12 10 10 5 3
9 ᵄ 37 14.1% 11 4 8 9 5
10 㤥ᶏ 27 10.3% 2 1 4 9 11
ઃ4㧚↵ߩฬ೨
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ᄥ㇢ 114 43.3% 75 11 12 10 6
2 ᰴ㇢ 63 24.0% 1 44 9 3 6
3 ਃ㇢ 42 16.0% 0 0 28 10 4
4 ྾㇢ 38 14.4% 1 1 2 27 7
5 ৻㇢ 37 14.1% 13 16 3 4 1
6 ߚߊ߿ 34 12.9% 8 8 5 7 6
7 ߭ࠈߒ 33 12.5% 9 9 5 4 6
8 ㇢ 28 10.6% 0 1 3 1 23
9 ߚ߆ߒ 25 9.5% 6 8 3 2 6
10 ߚߌߒ 22 8.4% 8 3 5 3 3
ઃ5㧚ᅚߩฬ೨
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ⧎ሶ 84 31.9% 57 12 6 5 4
2 ߺ߈ 25 9.5% 7 4 5 4 5
3 ࠁ߆ 25 9.5% 3 7 8 2 5
4 ࠁ߈ 23 8.7% 1 6 3 4 9
5 23 8.7% 4 7 8 1 3
6 ߿߆ 21 8.0% 3 8 3 2 5
7 ࠁߺ 19 7.2% 4 1 5 7 2
8 ߐ߅ࠅ 19 7.2% 2 4 5 3 5
9 ߪࠆ߆ 18 6.8% 6 4 3 3 2
10 ߆߅ࠅ 18 6.8% 1 2 6 6 3
ઃ6㧚㗻ߩࡄ࠷
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 㥦 258 98.1% 47 133 58 15 5
2 ⋡ 256 97.3% 198 32 18 4 4
3 ญ 248 94.3% 7 58 141 37 5
4 ⡊ 196 74.5% 2 29 21 111 33
5 ߹ࠁ 166 63.1% 4 1 8 59 94
6 ߶߶ 45 17.1% 0 1 3 15 26
7 ߏ 32 12.2% 0 2 3 2 25
8 ߹ߟᲫ 22 8.4% 2 0 1 4 15
9 ߅ߢߎ 15 5.7% 1 0 0 2 12
10 㜬 13 4.9% 0 0 0 2 11
55カテゴリーにおける単語の出現頻度
ઃ7㧚ኅౕ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ߔ 195 74.1% 54 58 41 29 13
2 192 73.0% 61 68 33 19 11
3 ࠲ࡦࠬ 174 66.2% 69 24 37 25 19
4 ࡌ࠶࠼ 146 55.5% 27 24 30 39 26
5 ࠹ࡉ࡞ 82 31.2% 14 21 23 15 9
6 ࠰ࡈࠔ 78 29.7% 12 9 13 18 26
7 ᧄ 66 25.1% 3 14 12 19 18
8 56 21.3% 1 5 22 12 16
9 ࠹ࡆ 52 19.8% 4 7 10 13 18
10 㘩ེ 24 9.1% 1 5 2 10 6
ઃ8㧚߅⩻ሶ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࠴࡚ࠦ࠻ 162 61.6% 84 33 11 17 17 2 ࡐ࠹࠻࠴࠶ࡊࠬ 114 43.3% 33 30 27 17 7
3 㘸 102 38.8% 14 22 21 23 22
4 ࠢ࠶ࠠ 101 38.4% 15 29 23 18 16
5 ࠟࡓ 68 25.9% 1 11 22 16 18
6 ࠤࠠ 67 25.5% 14 18 9 14 12
7 ࠕࠗࠬ 61 23.2% 9 12 10 13 17
8 ࡐ࠶ࠠ 47 17.9% 8 10 11 8 10
9 ߖࠎߴ 41 15.6% 1 8 10 9 13
10 ࠣࡒ 33 12.5% 1 6 5 11 10
ઃ9㧚ኅ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ᵞữ 250 95.1% 77 116 45 9 3
2 㒰 224 85.2% 47 54 98 18 7
3 ᢱℂ 161 61.2% 53 32 32 35 9
4 ⋁ᵞ 92 35.0% 41 16 14 13 8
5 ⾈‛ 56 21.3% 0 0 2 33 21
6 Ἲ 46 17.5% 23 4 13 5 1
7 ࠧࡒߒ 37 14.1% 0 2 1 15 19
8 㘑ํ㒰 36 13.7% 3 3 7 7 16
9 ࠻ࠗ㒰 19 7.2% 0 3 6 3 7
10 ࠕࠗࡠࡦ߇ߌ 18 6.8% 0 0 3 3 12
ઃ10㧚ኅ⇓േ‛
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ‐ 221 84.0% 114 74 18 11 4
2 ⽋ 216 82.1% 86 73 30 18 9
3 ⟠ 188 71.5% 3 21 51 67 46
4 ߦࠊߣࠅ 146 55.5% 5 11 75 35 20
5 㚍 118 44.9% 5 31 18 27 37
6 ࡗࠡ 89 33.8% 3 2 9 29 46
7 › 54 20.5% 33 5 3 6 7
8 ₀ 48 18.3% 5 28 6 5 4
9 ࡂࡓࠬ࠲ 20 7.6% 0 1 7 7 5
10 ࠙ࠨࠡ 18 6.8% 0 0 6 6 6
ઃ11㧚ቇ⑼㧔⑼⋡㧕
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ᢙቇ 198 75.3% 92 64 25 11 6
2 ⧷⺆ 168 63.9% 24 37 30 33 44
3 ࿖⺆ 155 58.9% 37 29 37 25 27
4 ℂ⑼ 106 40.3% 11 7 38 38 12
5 ␠ળ 101 38.4% 1 7 11 37 45
6 ൻቇ 89 33.8% 8 25 26 19 11
7 ‛ℂ 75 28.5% 4 24 24 17 6
8 ⢒ 59 22.4% 20 4 7 8 20
9 ↢‛ 46 17.5% 9 9 10 11 7
10 㖸ᭉ 20 7.6% 7 2 3 4 4
ઃ12㧚ᭉེ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࡇࠕࡁ 187 71.1% 90 49 19 13 16
2 ࠡ࠲ 140 53.2% 38 53 25 12 12
3 ࡃࠗࠝࡦ 106 40.3% 18 25 29 23 11 4 ࠻ࡦࡍ࠶࠻ 102 38.8% 28 19 13 17 25
5 ࠼ࡓ 83 31.6% 9 10 32 20 12
6 ࡈ࡞࠻ 72 27.4% 10 13 13 15 21
7 ࡌࠬ 51 19.4% 6 13 9 16 7
8 ࠴ࠚࡠ 48 18.3% 1 3 15 20 9
9 ࠨ࠶ࠢࠬ 39 14.8% 7 6 6 6 14
10 ࠲ࡦࡃࡦ 32 12.2% 3 2 7 10 10
55カテゴリーにおける単語の出現頻度
ઃ13㧚りߩࡄ࠷
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ⿷ 237 90.1% 35 143 40 14 5
2 ᚻ 206 78.3% 128 41 19 8 10
3 ⣨ 117 44.5% 39 22 25 17 14
4 㗡 102 38.8% 23 6 40 14 19
5 ⣻ 88 33.5% 3 6 15 34 30
6 㚂 82 31.2% 1 8 23 17 33
7 ᜰ 51 19.4% 3 3 9 18 18
8 㗻 48 18.3% 11 2 18 10 7
9 ⢷ 39 14.8% 3 4 8 14 10
10 ⣶ 33 12.5% 0 1 8 13 11
ઃ14㧚Ꮉߩฬ೨
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ㅢᎹ 136 51.7% 49 28 29 18 12
2 ᩮᎹ 87 33.1% 15 23 18 20 11
3 ାỚᎹ 74 28.1% 26 18 11 18 1
4 ᐣᎹ 67 25.5% 23 14 16 6 8
5 ࠽ࠗ࡞Ꮉ 64 24.3% 18 14 9 11 12
6 ࠕࡑ࠱ࡦᎹ 59 22.4% 4 12 14 16 13 7 ࡒࠪࠪ࠶ࡇᎹ 48 18.3% 5 13 9 12 9
8 㤛ᴡ 39 14.8% 3 10 6 12 8
9 Ᏹ㗿ኹᎹ 37 14.1% 8 12 6 5 6
10 㤥ㇱᎹ 29 11.0% 3 5 8 5 8
ઃ15㧚ᗵᖱ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ᔶࠅ 93 35.4% 40 27 17 5 4
2 ༑ 78 29.7% 56 11 7 4 0
3 ᔶ 78 29.7% 16 53 5 3 1
4 ᖤߒ 73 27.8% 6 29 22 7 9
5 ᭉ 73 27.8% 2 3 5 60 3
6 ߁ࠇߒ 69 26.2% 44 7 7 7 4
7 ༑߮ 69 26.2% 31 11 17 6 4
8 ᖤߒߺ 68 25.9% 2 35 22 8 1
9 ຟ 67 25.5% 0 4 53 4 6
10 ᭉߒ 61 23.2% 6 10 16 16 13
ઃ16㧚᮸ᧁ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ᧻ 158 60.1% 45 38 39 22 14
2 ᪉ 144 54.8% 52 25 22 22 23
3 ᧖ 136 51.7% 41 41 19 15 20
4 ᪢ 98 37.3% 2 22 33 24 17
5 ࠗ࠴࡚࠙ 74 28.1% 10 18 21 11 14
6 ࡅࡁࠠ 44 16.7% 9 10 9 9 7
7 ┻ 39 14.8% 0 10 7 16 6
8 ࡉ࠽ 37 14.1% 9 8 5 5 10
9 ߽ߺߓ 28 10.6% 4 8 9 4 3
10 ࠤࡗࠠ 22 8.4% 7 5 2 4 4
ઃ17㧚㊄ዻ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ㌃ 200 76.0% 5 32 108 39 16
2 ㊄ 194 73.8% 103 37 28 20 6
3 ㌁ 193 73.4% 8 102 35 28 20
4 ㋕ 163 62.0% 79 17 6 43 18
5 ࠕ࡞ࡒ 77 29.3% 12 12 9 14 30
6 ㋦ 39 14.8% 1 5 6 14 13
7 ㋦ 35 13.3% 2 0 3 8 22
8 ࠾࠶ࠤ࡞ 29 11.0% 3 4 8 2 12
9 ࠴࠲ࡦ 23 8.7% 6 2 3 5 7
10 ࡊ࠴࠽ 22 8.4% 2 1 5 7 7
ઃ18㧚ᨐ‛
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࠅࠎߏ 201 76.4% 110 50 20 7 14
2 ߺ߆ࠎ 154 58.6% 16 56 40 22 20
3 ߽߽ 127 48.3% 40 24 25 20 18
4 ߱ߤ߁ 122 46.4% 7 15 37 35 28
5 ߜߏ 98 37.3% 22 17 20 18 21
6 ߥߒ 83 31.6% 10 17 25 18 13
7 ࡔࡠࡦ 73 27.8% 8 6 13 32 14
8 ࡃ࠽࠽ 68 25.9% 6 20 14 8 20
9 ߐߊࠄࠎ߷ 53 20.2% 4 10 8 15 16 10 ࡄࠗ࠽࠶ࡊ࡞ 44 16.7% 6 7 9 10 12
55カテゴリーにおける単語の出現頻度
ઃ19㧚࿖
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ᣣᧄ 203 77.2% 179 15 6 0 3
2 ࠕࡔࠞ 192 73.0% 35 106 26 12 13
3 ࡈࡦࠬ 126 47.9% 5 11 29 40 41
4 ࠗࠡࠬ 115 43.7% 7 21 39 27 21
5 ਛ࿖ 110 41.8% 4 28 46 15 17
6 ࠼ࠗ࠷ 82 31.2% 3 8 20 29 22
7 ࠗ࠲ࠕ 60 22.8% 5 9 9 22 15
8 ࡠࠪࠕ 42 16.0% 2 4 8 18 10
9 㖧࿖ 40 15.2% 1 11 14 8 6
10 ࠗࡦ࠼ 29 11.0% 1 3 6 10 9
ઃ20㧚⧓ⴚኅ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࡇࠞ࠰ 183 69.6% 96 37 20 20 10
2 ࠧ࠶ࡎ 140 53.2% 40 47 24 21 8
3 ࡌ࠻ࡌࡦ 65 24.7% 8 9 22 14 12 4 ࡒࠤࡦࠫࠚࡠ 51 19.4% 9 14 13 9 6 5 ࠝ࠽࡞࠼࠳ࡆࡦ࠴ 48 18.3% 15 10 7 8 8
6 ࡕࡀ 48 18.3% 9 16 11 8 4
7 ࡕ࠷ࠔ࡞࠻ 48 18.3% 9 10 14 7 8
8 ࡃ࠶ࡂ 42 16.0% 5 3 9 11 14
9 ࡚ࠪࡄࡦ 20 7.6% 3 3 3 6 5
10 ࠪࡘࡌ࡞࠻ 20 7.6% 0 2 5 5 8
ઃ21㧚ൻ♆ຠ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࡈࠔࡦ࠺࡚ࠪࡦ 171 65.0% 70 43 23 18 17
2 ࡑࠬࠞ 167 63.5% 33 59 41 19 15
3 ญ⚃ 152 57.8% 69 28 23 19 13
4 ࠴ࠢ 86 32.7% 8 12 17 28 21
5 ࠕࠗࠪࡖ࠼࠙ 85 32.3% 2 11 29 25 18 6 ࠕࠗࠗ࠽ 54 20.5% 8 11 11 13 11 7 ࡑ࠾ࠠࡘࠕ 47 17.9% 6 9 10 11 11
8 ࠣࡠࠬ 32 12.2% 1 5 5 11 10
9 ൻ♆᳓ 23 8.7% 2 6 3 6 6
10 ࠶ࡊ 18 6.8% 0 2 9 2 5
ઃ22㧚ర⚛
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 * 126 47.9% 95 11 7 9 4
2 ᳓⚛ 91 34.6% 63 14 5 3 6
3 ㉄⚛ 69 26.2% 14 35 11 4 5
4 *G 62 23.6% 0 58 3 1 0
5 1 61 23.2% 10 29 15 6 1
6 $ 59 22.4% 0 0 3 0 56
7 $G 57 21.7% 0 1 1 53 2
8 .K 55 20.9% 1 0 52 2 0
9 % 53 20.2% 15 10 16 8 4
10 ⚛ 51 19.4% 11 7 9 10 14
ઃ23㧚ᇅᭉ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࠞࠝࠤ 86 32.7% 37 14 18 7 10
2 ᤋ↹ 82 31.2% 21 19 16 14 12
3 ࠥࡓ 70 26.6% 20 12 15 16 7
4 ࡏࡦࠣ 57 21.7% 12 20 11 7 7
5 ࠹ࡆ 55 20.9% 21 16 9 2 7
6 ࠬࡐ࠷ 44 16.7% 12 9 10 6 7
7 㖸ᭉ 43 16.3% 10 8 4 14 7
8 ⺒ᦠ 35 13.3% 15 5 6 6 3
9 ㆆ 32 12.2% 11 5 8 2 6
10 ᣏⴕ 31 11.8% 2 4 4 13 8
ઃ24㧚⯻
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࠞࡉ࠻ࡓࠪ 217 82.5% 136 44 19 13 5
2 ࠢࡢࠟ࠲ 160 60.8% 14 90 31 15 10
3 ࠴࡚࠙ 88 33.5% 10 11 20 30 17
4 ࠞࡑࠠ 86 32.7% 13 8 23 26 16
5 ࡃ࠶࠲ 83 31.6% 8 15 19 21 20
6 ࠕ 81 30.8% 12 12 20 15 22
7 ࠹ࡦ࠻࠙ࡓࠪ 64 24.3% 13 12 10 16 13
8 ࠻ࡦࡏ 56 21.3% 7 7 20 9 13
9 ࡒ 45 17.1% 4 7 10 11 13
10 ࠧࠠࡉ 37 14.1% 9 5 11 4 8
55カテゴリーにおける単語の出現頻度
ઃ25㧚㝼
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࡑࠣࡠ 144 54.8% 42 34 22 23 23
2 ࠨࠤ 98 37.3% 23 25 19 14 17
3 ࠗࡢࠪ 87 33.1% 12 32 19 16 8
4 ࠲ࠗ 81 30.8% 24 14 12 17 14
5 ߐࠎ߹ 80 30.4% 14 17 22 8 19
6 ࠕࠫ 64 24.3% 14 9 12 19 10
7 ࡉ 63 24.0% 19 10 14 11 9
8 ࠨࡃ 58 22.1% 5 18 15 12 8
9 ࠕ࡙ 53 20.2% 18 6 12 11 6
10 ࠞ࠷ࠝ 43 16.3% 7 9 11 9 7
ઃ26㧚㔀
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࠫࡖࡦࡊ 95 36.1% 62 13 7 6 7
2 %CP%CO 87 33.1% 28 18 16 17 8
3 PQPPQ 84 31.9% 39 18 15 5 7
4 ࡑࠟࠫࡦ 70 26.6% 3 29 24 9 5
5 ࠨࡦ࠺ 62 23.6% 1 20 21 10 10
6 ,, 38 14.4% 6 5 11 7 9
7 5'8'06''0 34 12.9% 3 9 5 9 8
8 44+&#; 17 6.5% 6 1 2 1 7
9 8+8+ 17 6.5% 4 7 3 3 0
10 ࡗࡦࠣࠫࡖࡦࡊ 15 5.7% 0 3 2 8 2
ઃ27㧚༵ᅢຠ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࠲ࡃࠦ 136 51.7% 67 41 16 10 2
2 ㈬ 97 36.9% 39 36 14 7 1
3 ࠦࡅ 83 31.6% 34 25 10 9 5
4 ⚃⨥ 37 14.1% 1 16 7 8 5
5 ⨥ 25 9.5% 3 10 3 3 6
6 ࠴࡚ࠦ࠻ 20 7.6% 7 2 4 2 5
7 ࡢࠗࡦ 17 6.5% 8 1 2 2 4
8 ࠟࡓ 15 5.7% 1 1 7 4 2
9 ࠕࠗࠬ 11 4.2% 2 2 1 3 3
10 ࠤࠠ 10 3.8% 1 3 3 3 0
ઃ28㧚⥄ὼ⽎
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 บ㘑 181 68.8% 93 30 27 17 14
2 㔗 160 60.8% 34 53 34 22 17
3 㔡 156 59.3% 44 51 27 22 12
4 㔎 93 35.4% 20 20 21 20 12
5 ᵤᵄ 70 26.6% 4 10 23 21 12
6 ߚߟ߹߈ 57 21.7% 7 16 10 14 10
7 㔐 52 19.8% 4 8 8 16 16
8 ᵩ᳓ 34 12.9% 2 7 12 5 8
9 Ἣ 22 8.4% 0 2 11 7 2
10 㘑 21 8.0% 4 7 3 3 4
ઃ29㧚ᤨઍ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ᳯᚭ 195 74.1% 115 13 13 16 38
2 ᴦ 129 49.0% 20 27 28 36 18
3 ᤘ 123 46.8% 6 37 40 27 13
4 ᐔᚑ 117 44.5% 33 17 8 34 25
5 ᄢᱜ 85 32.3% 0 21 38 17 9
6 ᐔ 70 26.6% 7 15 13 17 18
7 ✽ᢥ 67 25.5% 21 10 7 10 19
9 ㎨ୖ 64 24.3% 4 23 15 9 13
8 ቶ↸ 62 23.6% 7 16 16 13 10
10 ᄹ⦟ 44 16.7% 6 7 8 8 15
ઃ30㧚ቬᢎ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࠠࠬ࠻ᢎ 229 87.1% 121 60 29 15 4
2 ᢎ 207 78.7% 75 64 41 21 6
3 ࠗࠬࡓᢎ 205 77.9% 14 47 81 53 10 4 ࡅࡦ࠼࠘ᢎ 167 63.5% 5 28 44 60 30
5 ࡙࠳ࡗᢎ 65 24.7% 3 7 9 19 27
6 ࠝ࠙ࡓ⌀ℂᢎ 30 11.4% 3 1 3 9 14
7 23 8.7% 2 1 3 2 15
8 ᵺ⌀ቬ 19 7.2% 5 4 2 3 5
9 ࠞ࠻࠶ࠢ 16 6.1% 5 4 3 2 2
10 ఌᢎ 16 6.1% 0 3 3 2 8
55カテゴリーにおける単語の出現頻度
ઃ31㧚⡯ᬺ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 කᏧ 202 76.8% 117 51 21 9 4
2 ⮎Ꮷ 121 46.0% 18 35 45 15 8
3 ⋴⼔Ꮷ 114 43.3% 14 41 33 12 14
4 ᢎᏧ 85 32.3% 16 19 18 25 7
5 ࠨࡑࡦ 45 17.1% 9 6 12 8 10
6 ᑯ⼔჻ 40 15.2% 2 14 9 6 9
7 వ↢ 24 9.1% 6 4 4 4 6
8 ᶖ㒐჻ 24 9.1% 2 5 2 6 9
9 ࡄࠗࡠ࠶࠻ 23 8.7% 0 8 2 5 8
10 ળ␠ຬ 22 8.4% 5 4 5 5 3
ઃ32㧚ᬀ‛
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࠴ࡘ࠶ࡊ 90 34.2% 25 27 17 12 9
2 ࠲ࡦࡐࡐ 82 31.2% 19 19 23 13 8
3 ߭߹ࠊࠅ 77 29.3% 25 15 12 14 11
4 ࡃ 64 24.3% 19 10 18 9 8
5 ࠨࡏ࠹ࡦ 47 17.9% 25 10 6 5 1
6 ࡙ 47 17.9% 4 17 10 6 10
7 ⧎ 26 9.9% 10 12 3 1 0
8 ࠦࠬࡕࠬ 22 8.4% 7 3 4 5 3
9 ࡄࡦࠫ 22 8.4% 4 5 5 3 5
10 ⨲ 21 8.0% 6 6 7 1 1
ઃ33㧚㘩‛
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ⡺ 84 31.9% 25 16 16 19 8
2 ☨ 72 27.4% 43 12 6 9 2
3 ࡄࡦ 68 25.9% 10 34 7 10 7
4 ㊁⩿ 61 23.2% 6 13 18 13 11
5 ߏߪࠎ 58 22.1% 39 13 2 1 3
6 㝼 53 20.2% 0 13 17 11 12
7 ࡔࡦ 36 13.7% 9 5 6 10 6
8 ࠞ 32 12.2% 17 3 4 5 3
9 ࡂࡦࡃࠣ 23 8.7% 2 9 9 3 0
10 ߁ߤࠎ 21 8.0% 1 2 9 4 5
ઃ34㧚ᦠ‛
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ዊ⺑ 86 32.7% 43 15 9 11 8
2 ࡑࡦࠟ 63 24.0% 13 27 14 6 3
3 㔀 56 21.3% 6 13 19 9 9
4 ᢎ⑼ᦠ 35 13.3% 9 10 7 4 5
5 ㄉᦠ 34 12.9% 8 5 6 7 8
6 ෳ⠨ᦠ 19 7.2% 0 2 5 7 5
7 ਁ⪲㓸 16 6.1% 7 4 2 2 1
8 ࡂࡐ࠶࠲ 15 5.7% 8 3 1 2 1
9 ⛗ᧄ 15 5.7% 0 1 1 7 6
10 વ⸥ 14 5.3% 0 1 7 3 3
ઃ35㧚ੱ⒳
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 㤥ੱ 182 69.2% 50 72 51 4 5
2 ⊕ੱ 179 68.1% 71 83 18 3 4
3 㤛⦡ੱ⒳ 133 50.6% 41 12 69 6 5
4 ࡕࡦࠧࡠࠗ࠼ 48 18.3% 16 7 16 7 2
5 ᣣᧄੱ 41 15.6% 24 3 6 6 2
6 ࠕࡔࠞੱ 36 13.7% 2 17 4 6 7
7 ࠦࠞ࠰ࠗ࠼ 33 12.5% 8 10 8 5 2
8 ࡀࠣࡠࠗ࠼ 32 12.2% 5 12 9 2 4
9 ࡅࠬࡄ࠾࠶ࠢ 22 8.4% 2 2 4 9 5
10 ࡔࠬ࠴࠰ 20 7.6% 0 1 3 10 6
ઃ36㧚ࠬࡐ࠷
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࠨ࠶ࠞ 207 78.7% 54 81 38 20 14
2 ㊁ 192 73.0% 57 47 44 24 20
3 ࡃࠬࠤ 153 58.2% 33 25 43 34 18
4 ࠹࠾ࠬ 132 50.2% 34 23 27 23 25
5 ࡃ 123 46.8% 17 13 25 40 28
6 ථ 72 27.4% 10 8 9 18 27
7 ࡃ࠼ࡒࡦ࠻ࡦ 65 24.7% 11 13 16 12 13
8 ࠣࡆ 33 12.5% 3 1 9 7 13
9 ᳓ᵒ 27 10.3% 4 5 5 7 6
10 ᨵ 18 6.8% 1 5 2 6 4
55カテゴリーにおける単語の出現頻度
ઃ37㧚ᴦኅ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ዊᴰ⚐৻㇢ 184 70.0% 80 57 25 11 11
2 ਃ 184 70.0% 78 62 23 14 7
3 ༑ᦶ 66 25.1% 5 15 26 11 9
4 ዊᷨᕺਃ 43 16.3% 4 2 9 14 14
5 ↰ਛ⌀♿ሶ 39 14.8% 3 9 12 8 7
6 ↰ਛⷺᩕ 33 12.5% 9 5 9 3 7
7 ࡚ࠫࠫࡉ࠶ࠪࡘ 28 10.6% 6 4 5 8 5
8 દ⮮ඳᢥ 26 9.9% 4 1 7 11 3
9 ዊᴛ৻㇢ 26 9.9% 2 4 10 5 5
10 ㋈ᧁቬ↵ 22 8.4% 4 5 4 5 4
ઃ38㧚ⵝりౕ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࡀ࠶ࠢࠬ 162 61.6% 70 52 24 7 9
2 ᜰベ 131 49.8% 30 38 32 13 18
3 ࡇࠕࠬ 126 47.9% 33 25 27 26 15
4 ࡉࠬ࠶࠻ 95 36.1% 14 23 18 20 20 5 ࠗࡗࡦࠣ 63 24.0% 10 10 12 22 9
6 ᤨ⸘ 40 15.2% 14 5 11 8 2
7 ࠕࡦࠢ࠶࠻ 30 11.4% 0 2 6 14 8
8 ࡔࠟࡀ 28 10.6% 2 6 8 4 8
9 ࠨࡦࠣࠬ 17 6.5% 2 2 3 2 8
10 ࡌ࡞࠻ 15 5.7% 3 3 3 0 6
ઃ39㧚ᑪ‛ߩㇱಽ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ⓹ 141 53.6% 40 36 19 27 19
2 ო 108 41.1% 12 29 32 22 13
3 ᩇ 104 39.5% 51 17 20 11 5
4 ደᩮ 94 35.7% 45 17 14 9 9
5 ᐥ 86 32.7% 9 17 24 22 14
6 ࠼ࠕ 62 23.6% 10 20 9 10 13
7 ᄤ 62 23.6% 4 12 13 16 17
8 㓏Ბ 60 22.8% 13 21 5 14 7
9 ₵㑐 31 11.8% 8 9 5 3 6
10 ደ 25 9.5% 3 3 7 2 10
ઃ40㧚⺞ᢱ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 Ⴎ 238 90.5% 88 103 21 19 7
2 ߒࠂ߁ࠁ 211 80.2% 29 29 44 82 27
3 ⍾♧ 189 71.9% 78 34 32 23 22
4 ߺߘ 141 53.6% 7 12 15 27 80
5 ㈶ 128 48.7% 4 3 76 20 25
6 ߎߒࠂ߁ 105 39.9% 19 44 23 11 8
7 ߺࠅࠎ 53 20.2% 2 5 12 18 16
8 ࠰ࠬ 30 11.4% 1 5 4 9 11
9 ㈬ 22 8.4% 2 1 3 8 8
10 ࡑ࡛ࡀ࠭ 11 4.2% 1 1 1 2 6
ઃ41㧚ᄤ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 Ἣᤊ 136 51.7% 6 27 23 54 26
2 ᳓ᤊ 133 50.6% 43 26 26 21 17
3 ᧁᤊ 122 46.4% 10 4 23 32 53
4 ㊄ᤊ 110 41.8% 2 39 22 22 25
5 110 41.8% 47 9 36 9 9
6 86 32.7% 24 28 15 8 11
7 ᤊ 79 30.0% 6 12 13 21 27
8 ᄥ㓁 77 29.3% 23 27 14 6 7
9 ᤊ 38 14.4% 26 7 2 3 0
10 ₺ᤊ 24 9.1% 5 4 6 2 7
ઃ42㧚㠽
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ߔߕ 202 76.8% 54 70 30 30 18
2 ࠞࠬ 178 67.7% 56 38 36 21 27
3 ࠷ࡃࡔ 101 38.4% 15 24 26 21 15
4 ࡂ࠻ 77 29.3% 19 20 13 13 12
5 㣔 68 25.9% 14 9 12 19 14
6 㣐 65 24.7% 4 14 15 16 16
7 ࠗࡦࠦ 37 14.1% 9 5 7 12 4
8 ߦࠊߣࠅ 36 13.7% 6 6 6 10 8
9 ⊕㠽 36 13.7% 5 4 11 9 7
10 㔗㠽 25 9.5% 9 6 2 4 4
55カテゴリーにおける単語の出現頻度
ઃ43㧚Άᢱ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࠟ࠰ࡦ 151 57.4% 102 26 14 3 6
2 ⍹ᴤ 145 55.1% 74 40 16 9 6
3 ⍹ 129 49.0% 12 59 27 17 14
4 Ἦᴤ 91 34.6% 10 32 28 14 7
5 シᴤ 71 27.0% 5 19 21 12 14
6 ᄤὼࠟࠬ 71 27.0% 0 9 32 21 9
7 ࡂࠗࠝࠢ 36 13.7% 4 9 11 9 3
8 ᳓⚛ 34 12.9% 5 4 2 8 15
9 ㊀ᴤ 29 11.0% 2 2 7 12 6
10 ࠟࠬ 27 10.3% 6 5 5 5 6
ઃ44㧚㘶ߺ߽ߩ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ߅⨥ 134 51.0% 46 38 23 13 14
2 ᳓ 114 43.3% 41 23 16 21 13
3 ࠦ 104 39.5% 53 23 8 11 9
4 ࠦࡅ 101 38.4% 9 22 37 16 17
5 ࠫࡘࠬ 72 27.4% 12 10 19 17 14
6 ⚃⨥ 70 26.6% 5 16 16 16 17
7 ‐ 56 21.3% 8 9 9 18 12
8 ࠝࡦࠫࠫࡘࠬ 48 18.3% 8 10 15 11 4
9 ✛⨥ 29 11.0% 7 8 7 4 3
10 ࡆ࡞ 27 10.3% 5 3 8 7 4
ઃ45㧚ਸ਼ࠅ‛
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ゞ 217 82.5% 169 31 13 2 2
2 㔚ゞ 161 61.2% 6 59 57 27 12
3 㘧ⴕᯏ 149 56.7% 17 17 37 49 29
4 ⥄ォゞ 143 54.4% 9 54 31 26 23
5 ࡃࠬ 115 43.7% 15 28 36 22 14
6 ࡃࠗࠢ 65 24.7% 3 20 16 14 12
7 ⦁ 59 22.4% 1 6 11 16 25
8 ᣂᐙ✢ 40 15.2% 4 6 7 12 11
9 ࠲ࠢࠪ 32 12.2% 3 2 6 10 11
10 ࠫࠚ࠶࠻ࠦࠬ࠲ 24 9.1% 8 1 4 5 6
ઃ46㧚ߪ߈߽ߩ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࠨࡦ࠳࡞ 205 77.9% 64 66 38 24 13
2 ࠬ࠾ࠞ 121 46.0% 46 23 21 16 15
3 ࠥ࠲ 116 44.1% 16 17 24 25 34
4 ߊߟ 82 31.2% 61 12 6 2 1
5 ࡉ࠷ 79 30.0% 8 10 18 21 22
6 ࡒࡘ࡞ 78 29.7% 11 27 22 14 4
7 ࡄࡦࡊࠬ 73 27.8% 5 7 29 21 11
8 㐳ߋߟ 66 25.1% 2 5 9 24 26
9 ࠬ࠶ࡄ 48 18.3% 9 16 7 11 5
10 ࡂࠗࡅ࡞ 48 18.3% 1 9 18 11 9
ઃ47㧚⧎
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࡃ 137 52.1% 40 38 21 23 15
2 ࠴ࡘ࠶ࡊ 127 48.3% 47 26 24 14 16
3 ߭߹ࠊࠅ 112 42.6% 31 24 24 18 15
4 ᪉ 96 36.5% 36 22 12 16 10
5 ࠲ࡦࡐࡐ 88 33.5% 11 16 23 23 15
6 ࡙ 81 30.8% 10 15 25 12 19
7 ࠦࠬࡕࠬ 47 17.9% 11 11 8 8 9
8 ᪢ 39 14.8% 0 16 9 6 8
9 ࡄࡦࠫ 34 12.9% 10 5 5 9 5
10 ࠕࠫࠨࠗ 34 12.9% 3 8 5 12 6
ઃ48㧚∛᳇
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࠟࡦ 196 74.5% 108 50 19 11 8
2 㘑㇎ 134 51.0% 79 21 17 8 9
3 ♧ዩ∛ 68 25.9% 7 25 16 9 11
4 ߪߒ߆ 57 21.7% 5 12 18 10 12
5 ⣖තਛ 43 16.3% 1 14 11 12 5
6 ࠗࡦࡈ࡞ࠛࡦࠩ 39 14.8% 5 9 13 8 4
7 ⊕ⴊ∛ 38 14.4% 1 8 12 10 7
8 ⢖Ἳ 37 14.1% 3 12 9 7 6
9 ⣖᪪Ⴇ 37 14.1% 0 8 11 10 8
10 ᔃ⤳∛ 31 11.8% 4 12 7 5 3
55カテゴリーにおける単語の出現頻度
ઃ49㧚ᱞེ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 120 45.6% 78 27 10 3 2
2 ㌂ 106 40.3% 33 40 15 8 10
3 ߿ࠅ 88 33.5% 5 20 23 26 14
4 ಷ 86 32.7% 34 20 17 9 6
5 ࠽ࠗࡈ 56 21.3% 9 13 16 11 7
6 ᑿ 48 18.3% 3 10 17 8 10
7 ࡇࠬ࠻࡞ 36 13.7% 11 13 7 2 3
8 ⋫ 35 13.3% 0 15 9 7 4
9 ൮ৼ 34 12.9% 4 9 6 6 9
10 ㋕⎔ 29 11.0% 13 7 6 1 2
ઃ50㧚ᢥᚱౕ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ᶖߒࠧࡓ 233 88.6% 20 133 49 19 12
2 ߃ࠎ߯ߟ 211 80.2% 138 44 16 10 3
3 ࠪࡖࡍࡦ 161 61.2% 58 34 37 16 16 4 ࡏ࡞ࡍࡦ 90 34.2% 2 17 26 26 19
5 ቯⷙ 79 30.0% 2 1 25 35 16
6 ߽ߩߐߒ 61 23.2% 2 1 25 17 16
7 ࡍࡦ 59 22.4% 23 7 11 10 8
8 ࡁ࠻ 36 13.7% 0 3 13 10 10
9 ߪߐߺ 32 12.2% 3 1 5 9 14
10 ߩࠅ 23 8.7% 3 1 4 4 11
ઃ51㧚ቲ⍹
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࠳ࠗࡗ 226 85.9% 139 40 27 16 4
2 ࠨࡈࠔࠗࠕ 195 74.1% 21 65 75 22 12
3 ࡞ࡆ 195 74.1% 51 69 44 20 11
4 ࠛࡔ࡞࠼ 92 35.0% 4 17 18 30 23
5 ࡄ࡞ 75 28.5% 0 18 13 29 15
6 ⌀⃨ 53 20.2% 4 4 2 25 18
7 ࠕࡔࠫࠬ࠻ 37 14.1% 3 3 6 8 17
8 ࠝࡄ࡞ 30 11.4% 0 1 7 14 8
9 ࠻࡞ࠦ⍹ 27 10.3% 1 5 2 7 12
10 ࠻ࡄ࠭ 25 9.5% 4 3 8 4 6
ઃ52㧚㊁⩿
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ߦࠎߓࠎ 191 72.6% 82 33 38 20 18
2 ࠠࡖࡌ࠷ 146 55.5% 27 36 32 25 26
3 ࠲ࠬ 96 36.5% 14 23 15 23 21
4 ࠻ࡑ࠻ 95 36.1% 30 18 19 16 12
5 ࠲ࡑࡀࠡ 91 34.6% 6 15 21 27 22
6 ߈ࠀ߁ࠅ 83 31.6% 16 20 17 18 12
7 ࡇࡑࡦ 77 29.3% 7 24 18 12 16
8 ߓ߾߇߽ 72 27.4% 9 15 15 20 13
9 ᄢᩮ 71 27.0% 20 19 10 13 9
10 ࠽ࠬ 62 23.6% 9 13 16 15 9
ઃ53㧚㊁↢േ‛
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࠢࡑ 121 46.0% 23 37 24 20 17
2 㣮 96 36.5% 38 24 19 10 5
3 ࠨ࡞ 88 33.5% 22 18 16 18 14
4 ࠗࠝࡦ 75 28.5% 20 12 14 15 14
5 ࠲ࠠ 69 26.2% 13 11 15 13 17
6 ࠠ࠷ࡀ 58 22.1% 14 18 14 7 5
7 ࠗࡁࠪࠪ 58 22.1% 14 16 11 13 4
8 ࠻ 55 20.9% 7 15 11 11 11
9 ࠝࠝࠞࡒ 53 20.2% 23 9 6 11 4
10 ߁ߐ߉ 49 18.6% 10 12 8 13 6
ઃ54㧚ጊߩฬ೨
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ን჻ጊ 212 80.6% 102 54 30 17 9
2 ┙ጊ 149 56.7% 53 31 33 15 17
3 ࠛࡌࠬ࠻ 110 41.8% 18 33 29 15 15
4 㒙⯃ጊ 49 18.6% 6 12 9 11 11
5 ࠕ࡞ࡊࠬ 38 14.4% 5 3 12 10 8
6 ⊕ጊ 32 12.2% 8 13 6 3 2
7 ࡅࡑࡗ 28 10.6% 3 8 6 6 5
8 ࠠࡑࡦࠫࡖࡠ 26 9.9% 0 8 4 7 7
9 ࠴࡚ࡕࡦࡑ 21 8.0% 0 2 5 7 7
10 ࡕࡦࡉࡦ 20 7.6% 3 1 7 3 6
55カテゴリーにおける単語の出現頻度
ઃ55㧚ฬੱ
㗅 ᔕ⺆ ✚ᢙ ₸ R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1 ࠲ࡕ 44 16.7% 15 6 11 7 5
2 ⍹ኅߐࠎ߹ 34 12.9% 11 3 9 10 1
3 ߺߩ߽ࠎߚ 34 12.9% 2 16 8 4 4
4 ࠗ࠴ࡠ 33 12.5% 15 6 7 2 3
5 ᧁᜏ 27 10.3% 11 3 7 0 6
6 ᧻⑲༑ 14 5.3% 1 5 3 2 3
7 ࡆ࠻ߚߌߒ 11 4.2% 3 3 1 3 1
8 5/#2 9 3.4% 2 3 1 0 3
9 ↰ࠕࠠࠦ 9 3.4% 2 3 2 1 1
10 ࠳࠙ࡦ࠲࠙ࡦ 9 3.4% 1 4 0 1 3
⸼1㧦✚ᢙߪޔߘߩᔕ⺆߇ߒߚోߡߩᢙߢࠆޕ
⸼2㧦₸ߪޔ✚ᢙ¸࿁╵ੱᢙߢ▚ߒߚޕ
⸼3㧦R1㨪R5ߪޔߘࠇߙࠇ╙৻ᔕ㨪╙ᔕ߹ߢߦߒߚᢙߢࠆޕ
⸼4㧦㗅ߩ⏕ቯߦߚߞߡߪ✚ᢙࠍၮḰߣߒޔ✚ᢙ߇หᢙߩ႐วߦߪ╙৻ᔕࠍၮḰߣߒߚޕ
⸒⺆ℂ⸃ߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ⸃ߩ⋡ᮡߦߟߡ
̆⸒⺆ߩ⍮᭴ㅧ̆
᧻ୖ ⨃
㧝㧚ߪߓߦ
ࡅ࠻ߩ⍮᭴ㅧߪ⊒㆐ߔࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡࠆޕ↢߹ࠇߚߡߩఽߪ⡬ⷡ߿ⷞⷡߥߤߪߦߒ ߡ߽ޔ߶ߣࠎߤ⍮⢻ജ߇ήߦ╬ߒߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕᚑੱߔࠆ߹ߢߩ㑆ߦߪߘߩ⍮⢻ജߪ⪺ߒ ߊ⊒㆐ߔࠆޕ
ߎߩࠃ߁ߦᕆỗߦ⍮⢻ജ߇⊒㆐ߔࠆߎߣ⥄ߪࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߚታߢࠆ߇ޔߘࠇ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ ߥࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߢ߈ࠆߩ߆ߪ߹ߛࠃߊಽ߆ߞߡߥޕ
ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡ᮡߪ⸒⺆ߩ⍮⢻ജߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߩ⸃ߢࠆޕ
㧞㧚㖸ჿ
⸒⺆ߢ⸒߃߫㖸ჿߣ㖸⚛ߩߥߤ߇ߍࠄࠇࠆ߇ޔታ㓙ߩ⸒⺆↪ߩ႐㕙ߢߪหߓ㖸⚛/p/
ߪ[p]ߣߥߞߡ᭽ޘߦ⊒㖸ߐࠇࠆ߇ޔߘߩ᭽ޘߥ[p]ߩᩮᐩߦหߓ㖸⚛/p/ࠍ⼂ߔࠆ⢻ജ߇ࡅ࠻ߦ ߪࠊߞߡࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ
㖸ჿቇߪታ㛎ⵝ⟎ࠍ↪ߒߡታ㓙ߩ㖸ჿࠍಽᨆߒߡ㖸⚛ߣߩᏅ⇣ࠍ⸥ㅀߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߇ޔ
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߃߫ޔุቯኻᭂߩޟోὼޠߩ↪ߢ
㧝㧕 ోὼࠃߊߥ
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㧟㧕 ోὼ
㧞㧕ߪุቯኻᭂߩޟోὼޠ߇ޟࠃޠߣ߁⢐ቯߩᒻኈ⹖ߣߦࠊࠇߡࠆߩߢ㕖 研究紀要 富山大学杉谷キャンパス一般教育 第35号（2007） JLAS（vol.35,2007）
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⸒⺆⎇ⓥߩ㧟ߟߩਥⷐߥಽ㊁ࠍߦߣߞߡ⸒⺆⢻ജߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߩ⸃ߩ⋡ᮡߪߤߩࠃ ߁ߥ߽ߩߢࠆߴ߈߆ࠍߎࠇ߹ߢ⺰ߓߡ߈ߚޕࠊࠇࠊࠇߪ⸒⺆ࠍ↪ߔࠆࡅ࠻ߩ⢻ജߩࡔ
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Chomsky N. 1957. Syntactic Structures, The Hague.
Chomsky N. 1965. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, Cambridge, Mass.
Chomsky N. 1972. Studies on Semantics in Generative Grammar, The Hague.
Medical English materials design: Connecting topics and tasks
Lesley D. Riley
Abstract
Part I of this research study (Riley, 2005) presented preliminary results of a pre-course survey and post-course needs analysis administered to Japanese medical and pharmaceutical university students. The study addresses the predicament that many teachers, syllabus writers and course designers have in selecting course content and materials appropriate to both student interests and language learning needs. The study aims to identify a clearer picture of language learners with specific needs in order to apply this knowledge toward designing materials for classroom use. Part I results identified students’ preferred focus for language learning skills, preferred course content for general English or medical English and preferred classroom groupings. Part II currently reports students’ feedback regarding preferences for general English topics, specialty medical topics, controversial medical topics and classroom task types, as well as learner perceptions of the degree of usefulness of language tasks. The implications of these results for materials development are examined with reference to task-based language teaching principles by presenting an example of a collaborative classroom task designed to take into account the many variables toward addressing language learning needs.
Introduction
Although a number of evaluation of language learning courses and materials have attempted to obtain learners’ feedback, in general post-course, there is less systematic research published on what learners in fact want or prefer their learning materials to do (Riley, 2005, p.205). This study presents, in two parts, issues related to designing materials that take into account the voices of medical and pharmaceutical university students in Japan.
Part I investigated students’ preferred focus for language learning skills, preferred course content for general English or medical English and preferred classroom groupings. Part II attempts to further fill this research gap by obtaining learner feedback that helps identify topics and tasks for the needs of learners of English for specific purposes (ESP). Ascertaining language learning related needs can also provide teachers and course writers with a rationale for stating course goals and objectives that are tailored to the needs of a specific group of learners (Feez, 1998). Along with a belief in principles of task-based language teaching (TBLT), the results of the study have led to an interest for the author over the last 2-3 years in designing and piloting a variety of English language learning tasks and activities, primarily focusing on oral communication and building medical and health-related vocabulary.
Participants
The target population for Part II of this study at the University of Toyama, Sugitani Campus, comprises 29 male and 13 female university students in their third or fourth year of undergraduate study majoring in medicine and attending required English courses of fifteen, 90 minute lessons, once a week. Ages range from 21 to 38. The average age is 23.7 years and the average number of years studying English is 10.6 years, with a range of between 5 – 20 years. All students are native speakers of Japanese, four students already speak English very well and one student speaks French.
Instruments and procedures
A pre-course survey comprising three parts was administered to Medical year 1, 3 and 4 students in 2005 Spring and Fall semesters with the purpose of identifying: a) students’ perceived preferences for language skills focus and improvement, b) how they felt about course content, and c) their preferred classroom groupings. A questionnaire comprising five parts was administered post-course and retrospectively for the
TheJournalofLiberalArtsandSciences（UniversityofToyama.SugitaniCampus.） vol.35,2007
purpose of obtaining feedback regarding preferences for general English topics, specialty medical topics, controversial medical topics and classroom task types as well identifying learners’ perceived usefulness of language learning tasks.
Part I Summary: Pre-course survey results
Initial research questions that were presented in Part I of this study are listed below, each with a summary of results. For this section, subjects surveyed were 1st and 3rd year Medical students and 1st year Pharmacy students. (n=175)
1. What English language skills do university students want to focus on and improve, in required English courses?
Results showed an overwhelming need or preference by learners to focus primarily on listening skills (121) followed by speaking skills (114). Of these speaking skills, responses extended to refer to specific aspects of speaking, - conversation (36), pronunciation (8), oral reports (2). The third most salient focus was vocabulary (35). Reading ranked higher than writing and grammar ranked lowest. Significantly, the majority of students wanted more exposure to English and more opportunities to practice and improve listening and speaking skills.
2. Do students prefer general English or medical English as the focus for course content?
Combined results showed 84.34% of all respondents wanted some component of medical English. However, (48.19%) indicated they preferred a course that offers a combination of general English and medical English.
The remainder, 36.15%, wished to focus primarily on their major of medicine.
3. What are students preferred groupings in an English classroom?
Regardless of their major or difference in years of study, a significant number of students preferred to collaborate with each other, either in pairs or small groups (80.81%). This considerably outweighed those who preferred individual study (19.17%).
Part II
Research Questions
1. What language topics do students consider useful for a required medical English course?
2. What language learning tasks do students consider useful for a required medical English course?
3. How can results of student preferences best be applied to materials development?
Results and Discussion: post course
The subjects for this section of the survey were confined to medical 3rd and 4th year students as the course title for 3rd and 4th year medical courses in English, set by the Liberal Arts Department, is ‘Medical English’.
Table 1: Medical-related topics (n =42) 3rd & 4th year medical Rankings
1. General Medical Topics:
[22] Emergency Room (ER) [18] Medicine in other countries
[17] Injuries and Wounds (e.g. fractures, bruises, burns, cuts) [15] First Aid
[14] Body systems (circulatory, nervous, digestive, cardiovascular) [14] Sports injuries
[14] Case studies of patients
[12] Body Parts (brain, lungs, liver, heart, intestines) [12] Allergies
[11] Diet & Nutrition [11] Hospices [10] Exercise & Sports [10] Stress
[10] Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) [10] The Skeleton