コンゴ盆地北西部に暮らすバカ・ピグミーの生活と長期狩猟採集行（モロンゴ）

අਬȆ૩̥͙̹ͣͺΐͺȆͺές΃

˱Ͳ˳ᇮܩ׌ីᨆɴಬʰɐ̫ˡ͹̴˫͊ͻɹᅊ༎ɭ

ᬏೝႵჃ஛ᮃ᝔⏃͐ͦͲ˳⏆

⏎ၖय़ᮒകɴȲȿʳႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ɹخᔨਸˁኍɐϟёɭɌɩ⏎

࡫ǵࣩǵ࡯ǵٮ*

Long-term Foraging Expedition and Subsistence of the Baka

in Northwestern Congo Basin:

An Example of Pure Foraging Life in Tropical Rain Forests

Yasuoka Hirokazu*

While “Pygmy” hunter-gatherers were generally assumed to be the original inhabit-ants of the central African rain forest, recent studies have proposed the hypothesis that it is impossible to subsist by hunting and gathering alone in the tropical rain forests without some degree of dependence on agricultural products. This hypothesis has been debated among researchers of hunter-gatherer societies in different parts of the world. There have been, however, few studies on this issue that were based on sound data on the actual hunting and gathering life of the forest peoples.

This paper examines the possibility of hunting and gathering life in the tropical rain forest, based on the data obtained from participant observation on molongo, a long-term hunting and gathering expedition, among the Baka in southeastern Cameroon. During the two and a half months of the expedition, the Baka subsisted solely on wild food resources, wild yams in particular, although it was during the dry season when food resources are generally thought to be scarce. The sustainability of such a forest life is examined in relation to the abundance and distribution patterns of wild food resources, hunting and gathering technologies, residential patterns and nomadic life style.

* ϴᨊ߂࡝߂࡝᭏ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡܩݖ቉ድ቉ድዀ, Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University

1ȅ੬

1.1ȁ࿚ఴ͈ਫ਼ह ǵȋගɹ຦ȍ␩Turnbull 1965␭ɭɌɩʢሾʰʶʳȋ̴˫͊ͻȍᏙɹϺǾɻ⏋ˏ̶͠ˡμ߈ᨆɹ ˱Ͳ˳ᇮܩΥय़ɴঃȵʳၖय़ᮒകɴಬʰɌɩȦʳ⏏˱Ͳ˳ᇮܩആᨆɹ̸̘͌ˑʦ˱Ͳ˳ᇮܩ׌ ᨆɹˏˡɲɰɴɦȦɩȲɄɲʼʶɩȷɛɇʚɊʚɲ቉ድ␩Turnbull 1965; ॑ा 1982; Bahuchet 1993a; ࢩऩ 1997␭ɴȲȦɩ⏋ȋ̴˫͊ͻȍɹᡉᮃ܎ȵᦏ᭰ᦅᓚ຦ɭɹᬚɴࢌஞɲᬠѥˁ፷Ȧ ɩᅊ༎ɌɩȦʳɄɭȵݬٚɇʶɩȦʳȵ⏋ؾಁɴɗʶʰɹ቉ድɴȲȦɩ⏋ȋ̴˫͊ͻȍɻၖय़ ᮒകɹӴз຦ɫȡʱ⏋ᦅᓚ຦ȵ္ᅣᦅᓚɭɭʢɴᦽԂɌɩȼʳГմɴɻගɹɲȴɫႶጓɌɩᧉ ֪ᇕɲႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ˁۊ˃ɫȦɛɭɇʶɩȷɛ⏏ ǵɭɄʸȵ⏋ȋ̴˫͊ͻȍˁɻɍʠɭɐʳγᅠعܩɴჼࡔɐʳႵჃ஛ᮃ኏Цɴᬠɐʳ቉ድɴࢪ Ɍɩ⏋1980 ॷБȴʰȋឿሁɌ༐ȍ(revisionists) ɭʭɽʶʳ቉ድᓔɴʭɤɩ⏋ᇵ˃ɴᡴᠶȵɌ ȴȿʰʶʳʭȩɴɲɤɛ⏏ɗʶɻ⏋ਃഀɹႵჃ஛ᮃ኏Цɹ቉ድȵȋౙቄ۬ಁБɹᅊ༎෵িȍȡ ʳȦɻȋϺᰖᦽ׋ɹᆜᤄȍɭȦɤɛ˽̘ͤˠ̊˓̺׋ˁᅊʛɞɌɛɭɌɩ⏋቉ድᓔȵံଫՠᇕ ɴ઎ࡴɌɩȷɛȋႵჃ஛ᮃ຦ȍɹሎ๭ਸˁଫՠɌɛʢɹɫȡɤɛ⏏ɐɲʼɠჼБɹႵჃ஛ᮃ኏ Цɻ⏋ؾಁБɹ͇˪ͦ˹˽̘͌ɴȲȿʳณ֐ᬠѥɹɲȴɫܦᦗɇʶ⏋ٞᦇ׋ɇʶɛᐄഗɭɌɩ ০ଁɇʶɛʢɹɫȡɤɩ⏋ɗɹઝ٢ɫჼБɹᅋ႒ɫȡʳɭȦȩɹɫȡʳ⏏ ǵɄɹʭȩɲႵჃ஛ᮃ኏Цɴᬠɐʳଫՠᇕද២ɹ࿈༑ɹɲȴɫ⏋Headland ␩1987␭ʦ Bailey ʰ␩1989␭ɻ⏋ၖय़ᮒകɫɹႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ɹخᔨਸɗɹʢɹɴᆄکˁ٘Ɍɛ⏏ၖय़ᮒകɴɻ ޽෵ɲᅊ႒ȵᅊਖ਼ɌɩȲʱᅊ٨ɹࡷঐɭʢȦʼʶʳȵ⏋ࡸɻϺᬚȵଝɴԂʶʰʶʳᰩ႒ɻࢹɲ ȼ⏋ɭȼɴˡͦ͠ͻ྇ȵέ᣸ɐʳɹɫɻɲȦȴ⏏Ɍɛȵɤɩ⏋ᦅс႒ˁգᅎɓɑɴႵჃ஛ᮃɹ ᅋ႒ɹʛɴћࡔɌɛᅊ༎ɻȷʼʠɩܐᮑɫȡʱ⏋ȋ̴˫͊ͻȍɲɰၖय़ᮒകɹႵჃ஛ᮃ຦ɭɇ ʶɩȦʳϺǾɻ⏋္ᅣᦅᓚˁȲɄɲȩϺǾɭɹԊᅊᬠѥɲȼɌɩၖय़ᮒകܩݖɴᦽԂɐʳɄɭ ɻɫȷɲȴɤɛɹɫɻɲȦȴ⏋ɭȦȩʼȿɫȡʳ⏏ ǵɄɹ୭௎ɻᅊ઴࡝ᇕɲ៎ဣɴʭʳʢɹɫȡʳȵ⏋ȋ̴˫͊ͻȍʰɹ኏ЦᇕȲʭʃయ׋ᇕɲү ᯆɴᬠɌɩʢᩂ߂ɲઝ٢ˁʢɤɩȦʳ⏏ɦʚʱ⏋ᦅᓚ຦ɭɹԊᅊᬠѥɲȦɌᦅс႒ˁԂଝɐʳ Ʉɭȵȋ̴˫͊ͻȍɹᅊࡔΫɹਖឹਸɴᣱ܍Ɍ⏋ɗʶɲɌɴɻၖय़ᮒകɹɲȴɫɻᅊȷʳɄɭ ɇȭέخᔨɫȡʳɲʰɽ⏋৳ʰɹ኏ЦᇕɲȦɌయ׋ᇕɲዛǾɹ႕ਐˁȋගɹ຦ȍȡʳȦɻႵჃ ஛ᮃ຦ᇕɲਸൔˁኍɐʢɹɭɌɩៗᨾɌɩȷɛɄʶʚɫɹ቉ድଁഗɻԗද២ˁᦗʰʶʳɄɭɴ ɲʳɹɫȡʳ⏏ ǵೣዣɫɻ⏋ၖय़ᮒകɭɗɄɴзʞϺǾɴᬠɐʳɄɹʭȩɲکᰍˁʈʚȭɲȵʰ⏋ȋ̴˫͊ͻȍ ɭᐵዌɇʶʳϺǾɹ 1 ɦɫȡʳ̫ˡɹႵჃ஛ᮃ༎֪ˁ᠎Ᏻɴ៨ᦚɌ⏋ɦȦɫࡴзᮃᘺȴʰధ מkmʢᮐʶɛܩݖɫȲɄɲʼʶʳᬏೝႵჃ஛ᮃ᝔ˁՕഓɐʳɄɭɴʭɤɩ⏋ၖय़ᮒകɴȲȿ

ʳႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ɹخᔨਸˁද៷ɐʳ⏏Ʉɹ͐ͦͲ˳ (molongo) ɭʭɽʶʳᬏೝႵჃ஛ᮃ᝔ɹ ϟёɻ⏋Ϻᬚᅊ༎ɴɭɤɩၖय़ᮒകȵʢɦ࿃ܧ֐⏋ɭʱʼȿɗɄɴȲȿʳႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ɹخᔨ ਸɴᬠɐʳᡴᠶɴృɛɲࣙᬖˁѦɐʢɹɭɲʳɫȡʸȩ⏏ 1.2ȁΨ΃͈ਃၶनਬڰ൲ͅ۾̳ͥ୶࣐ࡄݪུ͂ࣂ͈փ݅ ǵ̫ˡɻ˱Ͳ˳ᇮܩ׌ីᨆɹˡ͍͡ͻͲ⏋˱Ͳ˳⏋ˤ̓ͲɹܕޅٞᦇɴՕ॒ɌɩȦʳ⏏Ϻؤ ɻ⏋ʢɤɭʢ޽ȼՕ॒ɌɩȦʳˡ͍͡ͻͲɴȲȦɩ⏋Ȳʭɗ 2 Ψ 5,000 Ϻɭ஠ࡴɇʶɩȦʳ ␩Joiris 1998␭⏏1950 ॷБȴʰ̶͞Ͳ˽ࠇКᐏ໠కঌɴʭɤɩ⏋ʚɛ 1961 ॷɹႶጓ৿ɴɻˡ ͍͡ͻͲకঌɴʭɤɩ⏋̫ˡɹࡴз׋ȵɐɐʠʰʶɛɛʠ⏋ჼܧɫɻʓɭ˃ɰɹ̫ˡɹᮃ܎ ȵᦅᓚ຦ɹ೴ᘺɹᦏȼɴץࡴзᇕɲᮃᘺˁɦȼɤɩᅊ༎ɌɩȦʳ␩Joiris 1998␭⏏৳ʰɻʚɛ⏋ ؾɍܩݖɴзʞ˻͌⏋˱̠̾Ͳ̾⏋͇̓Ͳ⏋̫˪˗˙ͤ⏋̫ͲˤͲ̝˕ɲɰɹ္ᅣᦅᓚ຦ɭ ɹᬚɴ႒ᣂʦ˵ͻ̲˽ɹϯழˁɭȲɌɩࢌஞɲᬠѥˁ০ଁɌɩȦʳ⏏ࡴз׋ɭؾಁɴᦅᓚ׋ȵ ɐɐ˃ɞɄɭʢȡʱ⏋ᰩ႒ˁᦅс႒ɴћࡔɐʳւغʢᲞȼ␩Kitanishi 2003; ೓ᨆ 2004␭⏋Јɹ ȋ̴˫͊ͻȍᏙᮃ܎ɫȡʳ̸̘͌ˑʦˏˡɭປᥒɐʳɭ⏋̫ˡɻࡴз׋͹ᦅᓚ׋ɹӃكȵ৔Ȧ ɭɇʶɩȦʳ␩иᚹ 1991␭⏏ႵჃ౅໬ˁʛɩʢ⏋̸̘͌ˑ␩Harako 1976; ॑ा 1982␭ʦˏˡ ␩ጭԒ 1995; Kitanishi 1995␭ɹʭȩɴᮃ܎ᇕɲᐨჃʦূሼჃɻȲɄɲʼɑ⏋ᦅᓚ༎֪ɭɹភغ ʦࡴзᇕɲᅊ༎ɴ᧟ɌɩȦʳɭɇʶʳᒘჃ␩Takeda 1996␭ʦ⏋ᦅᓚ຦ȴʰ᪄ɹᢸήˁ؝ȿɩ ȲɄɲʼʶʳ᪄ჃȵςឹɲჃ໬ɭɲɤɩȦʳ␩иᚹ 1991; ക 2000␭⏏ ǵɄɹʭȩɴ⏋̫ˡɹ኏Цɻɐɫɴȋͅ˽̜ႵჃ஛ᮃ኏Цȍɹ෵ሂˁ٘ɌɩȦʳɭȦȭʳ⏏Ɍ ȴɌ⏋ɗȩɻȦɤɩʢ⏋ჼܧɫʢ̫ˡɻ 1 ॷɹȩɠлͶ೐ȴɻගɹɲȴɫႵჃɭ஛ᮃɴ৔ȼ ћࡔɌɛᅊ༎ˁȲȼɤɩȦʳ⏏ɗʶɴʢȴȴʼʰɑ⏋Ʉʶʚɫ̫ˡɹᅊ༎ɗɹʢɹɴ့ဣˁ ȡɩɛ቉ድɻʓɭ˃ɰɲɇʶɩȦɲȦ⏏޽ࢹɭʢᅊ෌༎֪ɴ៘ʶɩȦʳ቉ድ␩иᚹ 1991; ക 2000; Leclerc 2001; Kitanishi 2003; ೓ᨆ 2004␭ɴȲȦɩʢ⏋̫ˡɹႵჃ஛ᮃ༎֪ɴᬠɐʳ៨ ᦚɻέמՕɫȡʳɭȦʼɊʳˁ਄ɲȦ⏏ɗɄɫೣዣɫɻʚɑ⏋ႵჃ஛ᮃ༎֪ˁμਕɴ̫ˡɹᅊ ༎ɴᬠɐʳ៨ᥔˁȲɄɲȩ⏏Ʉʶɻؾಁɴ⏋̫ˡɹᅊ༎ɴȲȿʳ͐ͦͲ˳ɹеᒞɧȿˁ౩ተɴ ɌɩȲȼс෌ɫʢȡʳ⏏ ǵɦȦɫ⏋͐ͦͲ˳ɭʭɽʶʳᬏೝႵჃ஛ᮃ᝔ˁ᠎Ᏻɴ៨ᦚɐʳ⏏2002 ॷɴࡸేɇʶɛ͐ͦ Ͳ˳ɫɻ⏋ᠭീᮃᘺɴзʞ̫ˡɹ߂ᨆՕˁɌʠʳ 19 γय़ 89 Ϻȵࡴзᮃᘺȴʰధמkmʢᮐʶ ɛගɹɲȴɴው֪Ɍ⏋2Ͷ೐ץɴʼɛɤɩႵჃ஛ᮃɹʛɴћࡔɌɛᅊ༎ȵɦɧȿʰʶɛ⏏Ʉɹ ʭȩɲᬏೝᬚɴʼɛɤɩࡸేɇʶʳ޽Ϻధɹᮃ܎ȴʰɲʳႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ɴɦȦɩɻ⏋̫ˡˁɻ ɍʠɭɐʳ˱Ͳ˳ᇮܩɴзʞЈɹȋ̴˫͊ͻȍᏙᮃ܎ɻʢɠʸ˃ɹɄɭ⏋ആ׫ˏ˻ˏʦˏ͇̈ Ͳɹၖय़ᮒകɴзʞϺǾɴɦȦɩʢ⏋ɗɹࡸ઴ɻ៨ᥔɇʶɩȲʰɑ⏋Ʉɹϟёɻၖय़ᮒകɴȲ ȿʳႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ɴᬠɐʳᢵᩂɲᣂషˁரњɐʳɄɭɴɲʳ⏏ ǵɇɩ⏋Ʉɹ͐ͦͲ˳ɻГάɹ 2 ဣɴȲȦɩᖂ٢ཉȦ⏏ፀ 1 ɴ⏋ೝᬚμɴ˥͑Ͳ̺ɫ༥ᢹɇ

ʶɛᰩ႒ȵɐʏɩႵჃ஛ᮃɴʭɤɩ਄ɛᅋ႒ɫȡɤɛɄɭɫȡʳ⏏ɲɕ৳ʰɻ⏋ࡴз׋͹ᦅᓚ ׋ɴʭɤɩخᔨɭɲɤɛ࡫ࡴɌɛᰩషݜᇻˁ⏋Υಁᇕɴɓʭ⏋ȡȭɩఔඉɌɩගɴԂʳɹȴ⏏ ࢹɲȼɭʢ⏋ගɹɲȴɴɻɄʶɞȿɹϺధˁᬏೝᬚɴʼɛɤɩఌȭʳɞȿɹᢌȴɲᰩ႒ȵࡔܧ ɐʳɭᓒȭɩʭȦɞʸȩ⏏๖፲ɫ᠎ᦚɐʳʭȩɴ⏋ˡͦ͠ͻ྇ɭɲʳᰩ႒ȵέ᣸ɐʳɄɭˁ൓ ୞ɴوࡴᇕɲឿៗȵኍɇʶɩȦʳȵ⏋ԃೝᬚɴʼɛɤɩ͐ͦͲ˳ɴؾ᝔Ɍɩ਄ʰʶɛ᠎Ᏻɲᣂ షˁʢɭɴ⏋Ϻᬚᅊ༎ɹݭɭɌɩɹၖय़ᮒകɹᢌȴɇˁኍɐɄɭȵ⏋ೣዣɹςɭɲʳᇿᇕɫȡ ʳ⏏ ǵፀ 2 ɴ⏋ΥឿɐʳɭШᐏᇕɲႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ɹүᯆˁ޽Օɴ๿ɌɩȦʳʭȩɴʛȭʳ͐ͦͲ ˳ɴȲȦɩ⏋ᒘჃɭȦȩᦅᓚ຦ᇕɲႵჃ໬ȵ޽ᅎɇʶɩȦʳɹɻɲɕȴɭȦȩکᰍɫȡʳ⏏͐ ͦͲ˳ɹᮃ܎˵˓̀ȵ⏋ɗʶГ޺ɹಁೝɴȲȿʳගɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ɴɻʛʰʶɲȦʓɰɴ߂ȷȦɄ ɭʢ⏋Ʉɹᆄکˁވ३ɐʳ⏏ᒘჃɻ׬ႶʚɛɻࢹϺధɫჃˁȲɄɲȩɄɭȵɫȷ⏋ࡸ᭬ɴ⏋͐ ͦͲ˳ȵࡸేɇʶʳɭȷГ޺ɴɻ⏋ɓȦɕȦధࢃ౏׬еȴʰɲʳࢸ˫͡ͻ̺ɫᒘჃȵȲɄɲʼ ʶʳ⏏ɌȴʢᒘჃɹȲʢɲკ႒ɫȡʳගകඞˏͲ̘ͦͻ̺ᰖ (Cephalophus spp.) ɻᒴʶˁɦȼ ʰɑ⏋ගɹɲȴɴʚ˃ʏ˃ɲȼՕ॒ɌɩȦʳɛʠ⏋ధϺȡʳȦɻࢃ౏ɅɭɴʼȴʶɩǸաǾɹ ܩݖɫჃˁɌɛ౅ȵ֟რᇕȴɦ୫ᐚᇕɫȡʳɭϜ઎ɇʶʳ⏏ɗʶɴʢȴȴʼʰɑ⏋͐ͦͲ˳ɴ ȲȦɩᒘჃȵςɲჃ໬ɭɌɩ஛ᅎɇʶɩȦʳɹɻɰȩɌɩɲɹȴ⏏ɗɄɫ⏋̫ˡɭЈɹȋ̴˫ ͊ͻȍɹႵჃ໬ˁປᥒɌɲȵʰ⏋ɗʶəʶȵಬʰɐܩݖɹᅊ઴ᄩޅɭჃ໬ɹ᧟غਸˁද២ɐʳ Ʉɭɴʭɤɩ⏋͐ͦͲ˳ɹʭȩɲ߂ៀฐɲ˥͑Ͳ̺ɴȲȦɩʢᒘჃȵ஛ᅎɇʶɩȦʳឹ܍ɭ⏋ ɗɹ୫ᐚਸˁද៷ɐʳ⏏Ʉʶɻ⏋ၖय़ᮒകɴȲȿʳႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ˁᓒȭʳɭȷ⏋ˡͦ͠ͻ྇ɞ ȿɫɲȼ⏋̊Ͳ̮˪྇ɭɲʳᰩ႒ᣂ྇ɴᬠɌɩʢද២ɌɩȲȼɄɭȵਖឹɫȡʳɭᓒȭʳȴʰ ɫȡʳ⏏ 1.3ȁ෎ఝַႅ̤̫ͥͅਃၶनਬ୆ڰ͈خෝ଻ͅ۾̳݈ͥა ǵΫᦚɌɛʭȩɴ⏋ೣዣɫኍɐ͐ͦͲ˳ɹϟёɻ⏋ၖय़ᮒകɴȲȿʳႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ɹخᔨਸ ɴᬠɐʳᡴᠶɴȲȦɩᩂឹɲઝ٢ˁʢɤɩȦʳ⏏ɗɄɫೣᠶɴɻȦʳմɴ⏋Headland ␩1987␭ ʦ Bailey ʰ␩1989␭ȵ٘Ɍɛၖय़ᮒക1) ɫɹႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ɹخᔨਸɴࢪɐʳᆄᒶɭ⏋ɗʶɴ ᬠᦹɌɩࣙᬖɇʶɛᡴᠶˁʚɭʠɩȲȼ⏏ ǵHeadland ʰɻ⏋Гάɴኍɐᠶ୞ȴʰ⏋ၖय़ᮒകɴȲȦɩ္ᅣᦅᓚȵɻɍʚʳГմɴɻϺǾ ɻႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ˁۊ˃ɫȦɛɭȦȩ⏋ತᶏɹմரɹሎҳˁද៷ɌɲȲɐਖឹȵȡʳɄɭˁ୭௎ Ɍɛ⏏ ȓˡͦ͠ͻ྇ɭɲʳᰩ႒ɹέ᣸Ȗ ǵၖय़ᮒകɫɻ⏋ᅊ႒޽෵ਸȲʭʃ̫˓ˠ͇˽ɻȷʼʠɩᲞອྈɫȡʳȵ⏋̫˓ˠ͇˽ɹʓ ɭ˃ɰɻϺᬚɹᰩᅎɴɻɲʰɲȦปೠɹೠᣒɫȡʳɌ⏋ʚɛെ᰸ѝɹᲞȦഗࡸʦ˓͐ᰖɻക

Ԣʦܩμཉȼɴȡʳɛʠ⏋Ϻᬚȵգᅎɫȷʳᰩ႒ᣂ྇ɻȴȭɤɩᭉʰʶɩȦʳ⏏ ǵɲȴɫʢ⏋Ϻᬚᅊ༎ɹըᭉឹ܍ɭɲʳʢɹɻˡͦ͠ͻ྇ɫȡʳ⏏ၖय़ᮒകɴȲȿʳˡͦ ͠ͻ྇ɻ⏋ᩃᅊ͓͌⏋ഗࡸ͹ዛࡎ⏋ᜂᜍ⏋ᰩᅎ౤ᛚ⏋֪႒ɹᔩᔍɲɰɫȡʳȵ⏋ɗʶʰɻ࡚ ፲޴ᅵȵ߂ȷȦ⏏ɭȼɴ⏋ഗࡸɹ࡚፲ȵᏺʼɤɛȡɭɹϗ࡚ɴɻ⏋գᅎɫȷʳˡͦ͠ͻ྇ᰩ ႒ȵෑጩɴཝࢹɐʳ⏏ ǵϗ࡚ɹςឹɲˡͦ͠ͻ྇ɭɌɩ⏋ڞΥᓒȭʰʶʳɹɻᩃᅊ͓͌ɫȡʳȵ⏋᠎Ᏻɲᠭീɻ ȲɄɲʼʶɩȦɲȦʢɹɹ⏋ʭʱϗၥɌɛܩݖɴȼʰʏʳɭၖय़ᮒകɴᅊᔒɐʳᩃᅊ͓͌ɹ ᅊᅋᩄɻȴɲʱࢹɲȦɭᓒȭʰʶɩȦʳ⏏Ɍɛȵɤɩ⏋ࢹɲȼɭʢϗ࡚ɹᬚɹధͶ೐ᬚɻ⏋ ႵჃ஛ᮃɹᅋ႒ɹʛɴʭɤɩˡͦ͠ͻˁʚȴɲȩɄɭɻɫȷɲȦɭᓒȭʰʶʳ⏏ɠɲʛɴ Headland ␩1987␭ɻ⏋ၖय़ᮒകɴȲȿʳႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ɹخᔨਸˁද៷ɐʳɭȷ⏋ᩃᅊ͓͌ ȵᫍɭɲʳᰩ႒ᣂ྇ɫȡʳɭɌɩ⏋ᕶ᤹ɹکᰍரᣱˁ⏋ŋWild Yam QuestionŌɭʭ˃ɞ⏏ ȓၖय़ᮒകɴȲȿʳႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ɹخᔨਸˁኍɐ៷୞ɹ๕߭Ȗ ǵၖय़ᮒകɴȲȦɩ⏋ႵჃ஛ᮃɹᅋ႒ɹʛɴћࡔɌɛᅊ༎ȵخᔨɫȡʳɄɭˁሁஞᇕɴኍ ɐ຦౏᠖ᇕᣂషɲȦɌᓒإ࡝ᇕᣂషȵɲȦ⏏ؙࢪɴ⏋ჼБɹȋႵჃ஛ᮃ຦ȍɻʓɭ˃ɰɐʏ ɩ⏋ᦏ᭰ᦅᓚ຦ɭɹᰩ႒ϯழʦڧϺɭɹ؜ৄɴʭɤɩˡͦ͠ͻ྇ᰩ႒ˁ਄ɩȦʳɄɭ⏋ɗɹ ᐄഗ⏋ᰩᅊ༎ɴȲȦɩᦅс႒ȵ߂ȷɲ˗˛˓̜ˁװʠɩȦʳɄɭɻ⏋޽ȼɹݬٚȵ౩ʰȴɴ ɌɩȦʳ⏏ ǵɌɛȵɤɩ⏋ၖय़ᮒകɹႵჃ஛ᮃ຦ɻ⏋ປᥒᇕృɌȦಁБɴɲɤɩႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ȴʰࡴз ׋͹ᦅᓚ׋ʍɭው᝔Ɍɩȷɛɹɫɻɲȼ⏋ႵჃ஛ᮃ຦ɭᦅᓚ຦ɻϣȦɴଝˁொȭɩၖय़ᮒകܩ य़ɴԂɤɩȷɛɹɫɻɲȦȴ⏋ɗʢɗʢၖय़ᮒകɴȲȦɩɻ⏋ᦅс႒ˁգᅎɓɑɴႵჃ஛ᮃɹ ʛɴʭɤɩᅊ༎ɐʳɄɭɻέخᔨɲɹɫɻɲȦȴ␩Headland 1987; Bailey et al. 1989␭⏋ɭȦ ȩʼȿɫȡʳ⏏ ǵɄɹȋၖय़ᮒകɫɻႵჃ஛ᮃɹʛɴћࡔɌɛᅊ༎ɻέخᔨɫȡʳȍɭɐʳЕᠦɴࢪɌɩ⏋ 1) ၖय़ᮒകɴȲȿʳႵჃ஛ᮃ༎֪ɹخᔨਸɴᬠɐʳᡴᠶɴȲȦɩࢪᢒɭɲʳගകɫȡʳȵ⏋Headland ␩1987␭ɻ ॷᬚᭇອᩄ 4,000 mm ГΫɹܩݖɴȡʳ।ᐶകɫȡʳɭɌɩȦʳ⏏ɭɄʸȵ⏋ᠭീܩݖɻʢɭʭʱ˱Ͳ˳ᇮܩ ɹගകɹ߂ᨆՕɻॷᬚᭇອᩄȵ 4,000 mm ɴྃɛɲȦ␩ᬐ೴ 1992␭⏏Υ౅⏋Bailey ʰ␩1989␭ɻ⏋ʭʱʪʳʦ ȴɴ⏋׫׌܌ॠᐻɹᬚɴȡɤɩ೎жຩཧȵຮဣάɴɲʰɑ⏋ॷᬚᭇອᩄȵ 1,000 mm ГΫɹܩݖɴȡʳ।ᐶക ȲʭʃץᘺᘽਸปകɫȡʳɭɌɩȦʳ⏏Υᖔᇕɴၖय़ᮒകɭʭɽʶʳගകɻ⏋೎࢑೐ɹॶܯຩཧȵ 18ŝˁά܌ ʰɲȦܩݖɴՕ॒ɌɩȲʱ⏋ϗ࡚ɹɲȦ޽ᮒകɭៀհᇕɴధͶ೐ɹϗ࡚⏃ᭇອᩄȵ 60 mm⏒೐Гά⏆ȵȡʳ࡚ ፲കɴךՕɇʶʳȵ⏋Ʉɹ 2 ɦɹޅᅠˁዺȷɭʠʳɄɭɻᮑɌȼ⏋θᓔˁ׃ୠɌɩၖय़ྂ࿅ക (tropical moist forest) ɭɇʶʳɄɭȵȡʳ␩Sommer 1976␭⏏Ʉɹၖय़ྂ࿅കɻ⏋Bailey ʰȵࢪᢒɭɐʳගകɭʓʖΥᕹɌɩȲ ʱ⏋ᠭീܩݖʦ˱Ͳ˳ᇮܩΥय़ɴঃȵʳගകʢɄʶɴيʚʶʳ⏏ೣዣɹ᣶ౚɻ⏋ၖय़ᮒക⏃ၖय़ྂ࿅ക⏆ɹ޽ ෵ਸˁմரɭɌɲȵʰ⏋Ϻᬚɹᅊ༎ᄩޅɭɌɩɹˏ̶͠ˡၖय़ᮒകɹᢌȴɇˁද៷ɐʳɄɭɫȡʳɹɫ⏋ೣዣ ɴȲȿʳၖय़ᮒകɹࡴᒶɻ⏋Bailey ʰʦ Sommer ɴʭʳၖय़ᮒക⏃ၖय़ྂ࿅ക⏆ɴɲʰȩɄɭɭɐʳ⏏

Human Ecology ᠖ɴȲȦɩ႕ᮃȵᏼʚʶ⏋ؙᠶȵࣙᬖɇʶɛ␩Bahuchet et al. 1991; Brosius 1991; Dwyer and Minnegal 1991; Endicott and Bellwood 1991; Stearman 1991␭⏏ࢊዣᓔɻԊᦲ Ɍɩ⏋Гάɹʭȩɲ⏋ɄɹЕᠦɹෙਥᇕɲέҺɴࢪɐʳଫՠˁȲɄɲɤɛ⏏ ȓၖय़ᮒകɹ޽෵ਸȖ ǵၖय़ᮒകԒᨆɴȲȿʳඨᅊɹ޽෵ਸˁᥐែɌɩȦʳ⏏ၖय़ᮒകɴȲȦɩɻ⏋ȡʳךᅙԒɹ ඨᅊȵ޽෵ɞɭȦȩɞȿɫɲȼ⏋ؾɍʭȩɴʛȭʳၖय़ᮒകɴȲȿʳЈɹךᅙɭɹᬚɹ޴ᅵ ʢ߂ȷȦ⏏Ʉɹʭȩɲඨᅊɹ͐˸˓˪ɭɌɩၖय़ᮒകˁᓒȭʳʏȷɫȡʱ⏋ࢹధɹךᅙɹᠭ ീᐄഗȴʰၖय़ᮒകԃкɴɦȦɩᠶɍɩɻȦȿɲȦ⏏ ȓϺᬚᅊ༎ɴʭʳඨᅊఒ޴Ȗ ǵϺᬚȵᅊ༎ɐʳɄɭɴʭʳඨᅊఒ޴֟ഗˁᓒૅɌɩȦɲȦ⏏؅ᅊᇕɲၖय़ᮒകɴɻᰩ႒ȵ ࢹɲȦɭȦȩȵ⏋ၖय़ᮒകɻᩃᅊ͓͌ȵᔒɠɴȼȦɭɇʶʳෑሂകɴɐʏɩុʼʶɩȦʳʼ ȿɫɻໆɌɩɲȼ⏋౗ӵȵेɌᦉʞʭȩɲ௦ϕɇʶɛݭଘȵȦɛʳɭɄʸɴࡔܧɌɩȦʳ⏏ Ʉɹʭȩɲඨᅊɹ͐˸˓˪ɻ္ᅣᦅᓚɞȿɫɲȼ⏋ႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ɴʭɤɩʢɦȼʰʶɩȷɛ خᔨਸȵȡʳ⏏ ȓႵჃ஛ᮃ຦ɹᣂ྇კ਄ᔨ֐Ȗ ǵႵჃ஛ᮃ຦ɹ⏋ᣂ྇კ਄ɹɛʠɹ᤹кᇕᔨ֐ʦଯᔨ⏋ሾᡫˁ᧌ࢸ៿ѝɌɩȦʳ⏏ჼܧɹႵ Ⴣ஛ᮃ຦ɻᰩᅊ༎ɹȴɲʱɹᨆՕˁᦅс႒ɴћࡔɌɩȲʱ⏋৳ʰȵၖय़ᮒകȴʰ਄ɩȦʳᭉ ʰʶɛᰩ႒ᣂ྇ɹʛɴʭɤɩ⏋ၖय़ᮒകɹ࿃ܧᇕɲᅊ༎ఌ୫֐ɹᭉᅠˁᠶɍʳɹɻᬚ᧓Ȧɫ ȡʳ⏏ ȓჼܧɭ᧌ؑɹךաȖ ǵၖय़ᮒകɴȲȦɩႵჃ஛ᮃɹʛɴћࡔɌɛᅊ༎ȵࡸ᭬ɴخᔨȴɰȩȴɭȦȩᅊ઴࡝ᇕ (ecological) ɲᡴᠶɭ⏋ɻɍʠɩၖय़ᮒകɴಬʰɌɻɍʠɛϺǾȵႵჃ஛ᮃɹʛɴћࡔɌɩ ȦɛɹȴɰȩȴɭȦȩᦽ׋ᠶᇕ (evolutionary) ɲᡴᠶˁךաɌɩȲȼਖឹȵȡʳ⏏ჼܧ⏋ၖ य़ᮒകɫႵჃ஛ᮃɹʛɴћࡔɌɛϟёȵʛʰʶɲȦɄɭɻ⏋᧌ؑɴȲȦɩʢႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ȵ έخᔨɫȡɤɛɄɭɹᠦ౩ɴɻɲʰɲȦ⏏ ȓᓒإ࡝ᇕ៷୞ɹ๕߭Ȗ ǵ᧨ᤄʦ᧨႒ȵ๿ʱɴȼȦၖय़ᮒകɴȲȦɩᓒإ࡝ᇕɲᣂషȵɲȦɄɭɻ⏋ɄɹЕᠦɴࢪɌ ɩμጓɫȡʳ⏏ ǵɄʶʰɹଫՠɻɰʶʢʢɤɭʢɲʢɹɫȡʱ⏋Ʉʶʰɹ୭௎ɴʭɤɩၖय़ᮒകɴȲȿʳႵ Ⴣ஛ᮃᅊ༎ɹخᔨਸˁԗද២ɐʳ౅كਸɻኍɇʶɛʢɹɹ⏋Headland ␩1987␭ʦ Bailey ʰ ␩1989␭ȵς৓ɐʳЕᠦɴࢪɐʳؙᠶɭɻɲʱȭɩȦɲȦ⏏Ʉɹᡴᠶˁࡸʱȡʳʢɹɴɐʳ

ɛʠɴਖឹɲɄɭɻ⏋႒᠝ɹմரˁगɐɄɭȵʢɤɿʰɹᇿᇕɫȡʳʭȩɲȋͅ˽̜͐̋Ͳ ᇕ̜ͤ̒͠˪ȍ␩Headland 1997␭ɫɻɲȼ⏋ࡸ઴ᠭീȴʰ਄ʰʶɛᣂషɴݜɧȼᡴᠶɫȡʳ ␩Bailey and Headland 1991␭⏏

ǵɌȴɌɲȵʰ⏋຦౏᠖ᇕɲᣂషɴݜɧȼؙᠶɻ⏋߂ᨆՕȵȋᧀ᠌ᇕȍ␩Bailey and Headland 1991␭ɲʢɹɫȡɤɛ⏏ၖय़ᮒകɴȲȿʳႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ɹخᔨਸˁኍɐሁஞᇕɲᣂషɭɌɩ⏋ Ʉɹ႕ᮃɫரኍɇʶɩȦʳɹʢ๖ɹ 2 ёɫȡʳ⏏

ȓ͇ͤͻץऄɴзʞ̫̘˪Ȗ␩Endicott and Bellwood 1991␭

ǵ89 Ϻɹᮃ܎ɹ⏋ᦹᐚɌɩȦɲȦ 93 ౗ᬚɴ៎࢘ɇʶɛᰩϟɴȲȦɩ⏋15 ዛ⏋៟ 2,067 kg ɹᩃᅊ͓͌ȵ஛ᮃɇʶ⏋ᰩʏʰʶɛ⏏ɗʶɻᩂᩄɴɌɩᰩᅊ༎ԃкɹ 77⎾⏋ˡͦ͠ͻɴɌ ɩ 54⎾ˁװʠɩȦɛ⏏

ȓ˱Ͳ˳ᇮܩɹˏˡȖ␩Bahuchet et al. 1991␭

ǵ1.24 haɭȦȩȷʼʠɩࢸɇɲךᅙɴʭʳᠭീɫɻȡʳȵ⏋˱Ͳ˳ᇮܩីᨆɴȲȦɩɻ 1 haȡɛʱ 2 kgɹᩃᅊ͓͌ɹؚዲȵೝ৺ɫȷʳ␩Hladik et al. 1984␭⏏ˏˡɹᮃ܎ɹॶܯϺ ధ⏃26 Ϻ⏆ʦ⏋ᧉ֪ݖɹঃɇ⏃250 km2⏆ˁᓒૅɐʶɽ⏋ᩃᅊ͓͌ɻႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ɹݜᇻɭ ɲʱȩʳᰩ႒ɞɭᓒȭʰʶʳ⏏ ǵմᓔɻ⏋ᰩᅊ༎ɴȲȿʳᩃᅊ͓͌ɹᩂឹਸˁኍɌɩɻȦʳʢɹɹ⏋ႵჃ஛ᮃɹʛɴћࡔɌ ɛᅊ༎ɹخᔨਸˁᔐࡴʢɫȷʳɌ⏋وࡴʢɫȷʳᣂషɫȡʳ⏏ʚɛ৿ᓔɻ⏋ᩃᅊ͓͌ɹՕ॒ɴ ᬠɐʳᣂషɫȡʳȵ⏋ᠭീךᅙȵࢸɇȦဣɭ⏋ࡸ᭬ɴɗʶɴћࡔɌɛᅊ༎ɹࡸ઴ȵயȴʶɩȦ ɲȦဣɫέמՕɫȡʳ⏏ɭʢȡʶ⏋޽ȼɹ቉ድɴȲȦɩತᶏɹմரɭɇʶɩȷɛɴʢȴȴʼʰ ɑ⏋ȴɦɩၖय़ᮒകɴзʞϺǾɻႶጓɌɩႵჃ஛ᮃᅊ༎ˁۊ˃ɫȦɛɭȦȩɄɭˁሁஞᇕɴኍ ڗɐʳᣂషɻ⏋Ʉɹ 2 ёɌȴɲȴɤɛɹɫȡʳ⏏ ǵɗɹ৿ɹȦȼɦȴɹȋ̴˫͊ͻȍɴᬠɐʳᅊ઴Ϻᰖ࡝ɲȦɌᅊ઴࡝ᇕɲ቉ድ␩Kitanishi 1995; Sato 2001␭ʦ⏋˱Ͳ˳ᇮܩആᨆɹᓒإ࡝ᇕɲ቉ድ␩Mercader et al. 2000␭ɴȲȦɩ⏋ ɄɹЕᠦɴᬠɐʳៜؖȵʛʰʶʳʢɹɹ⏋ȋၖय़ᮒകɫɻႵჃ஛ᮃɹʛɴћࡔɌɛᅊ༎ɻέخ ᔨɫȡʳȍɭȦȩ Headland ʰɹЕᠦˁמՕɲᣂషɴݜɧȦɩද៷Ɍ⏋ᡴᠶˁմᦽɇɓʳʭȩ ɲ቉ድɻʚɞɲɇʶɩȦɲȦ⏏

2ȅ಺औ౷༹༷͂

2.1ȁ಺औ౷֖͈ٽޙ ǵˡ͍͡ͻͲആ׫ᨆɴɻ⏋ɛȵȦɴ 150 km ʓɰ᭧ɩɩ⏋ˏ̓Ͳ̫ͲŅͲ˳˓͞ᬚɭ͜ˡ̝˕ ͇Ņ͌͡Ͳ̝˕ᬚˁ׫׌ɴɻɌʳ 2 ೣɹςឹ᧑ᤉȵȡʱ⏋ɗɹ᧑ᤉɴɗɤɩᅘʦ೴ȵဣܧɌ

ɩȦʳ⏏ᠭീܩɹ̀ͻ̜̓̒͞͹ˏͲ˹ˏͲ (Zoulabot Ancien) ೴ɻɠʬȩɰɄɹ 2 ೣɹ᧑ᤉ ɹሎ˃μȡɛʱɴеᒞɌɩȦʳ⏃ܒ 1 ⏆⏏ ǵɄɹܩݖɹฌᲞɻ 400⑯600 m ዐ঎ɫ⏋ॶܯຩཧɻॷᬚˁɭȲɌɩ 25ŝȼʰȦɫȡʳ⏏ᠭ ീ೴ȴʰ 100 km ʓɰ׌ആɴеᒞɐʳ͜ˡ̝˕͇ɹॷᬚᭇອᩄɻ 1,400⑯1,600 mm ዐ঎ɫȡ ʳ⏏12 ೐ȴʰ 2 ೐ɴϗ࡚⏃̫ˡ᠝ɫ yaka⏆ȵȡʱ⏋ϗ࡚ɹᬚɴɻ 1Ͷ೐ʓɰᮒɹɲȦ౗ȵᐚ ȼɄɭʢȡʳ⏏ᮒ࡚ (soko ma) ɻ 3 ೐ȴʰ 11 ೐ɹᬚɫȡʳȵ⏋ᮒȵປᥒᇕࢹɲȦ 6 ೐ץɽȴ ʰ 8 ೐ץɽʚɫˁࢸϗ࡚ɭʛɲɐɄɭȵɫȷʳ⏏Ʉɹಁೝɻɭȼɴ soko pekie ⏃̸̒˹͖͇Ͳ ˳ͻɹ࡚፲⏆ɭʢʭɽʶ⏋̸̒˹͖͇Ͳ˳ͻ (Irvingia gabonensis) ˁɻɍʠɭɌɩ⏋I. excelsa,

Bailonella toxisperma, Anonidium mannii ɲɰ⏋ɇʚɊʚɲഗࡸȵࡸʳ⏏͜ˡ̝˕͇ȴʰ͌͡

Ͳ̝˕ɴȴȿɩɹගകඨᅊɻ⏋͇͍ዀ⏋́Ͳ̋Ͳዀ⏋ˏˠ˧͠ዀɲɰɹ⏋ᘺᘽਸปዛɭ।ᐶป ȵཌྷϯɐʳץᘺᘽਸปക (semi-deciduous forest) ɴՕᰖɇʶɩȦʳ␩Letouzey 1985␭⏏Ʉɹ᧑ ᤉʭʱីᨆɴеᒞɐʳᠭീ೴ٞᦇɹඨᅊɻ⏋˻͑˭̓˓̫͞ዀɹ Scorodophloeus zenkeri ʦ⏋ ̫Ͳͤ˓˹ዀɹ Anonidium mannii, Polyalthia suaveolens ɲɰȵӦװɌ␩࡫ࣩ ೡᇍᝠᣂష␭⏋ ।ᐶകឹᏬɹ৔Ȧගകɫȡʳ⏏Gilbertiodendron dewevrei ɹᏤകɻाᦇɲɰɹжܩɴ̮̒̍Ⴅ ɴ০ଁɇʶɩȦʳȵ⏋˱Ͳ˳ᇮܩആᨆɹ˓̜˕͠ɹගɴʛʰʶʳʭȩɲ߂ៀฐɲʢɹ␩Hart et al. 1989␭ɫɻɲȦ⏏ ǵμ߈ˏ̶͠ˡ 6Ͷܕɹᦲᢪɫȡʳ CFA ̶͞Ͳȵ 50⎾ՖʱάɁʰʶɛ 1994 ॷȴʰ⏋ࢪ޺Ӂ ֭ɹᥐཝȲʭʃ޺ᢪკ਄ɹଝຍɭɌɩ⏋ആᨆिɫʢ̶͞Ͳ˽ˁɻɍʠɭɐʳ޺ܕᣂೣɹೠೳЦ ኏ɴࢪɐʳФ஛ܩɹւʱয়ɩȵᦽ᝔Ɍɛ␩॑ा 2003␭⏏Ф஛ϟ෌ȵ༎ᇍ׋ɐʳΥ౅ɫ⏋ᠭീ೴ ɹ׫౅ɴеᒞɐʳගˁ̸Ͳ̫͹̾̒˪ (Boumba-Bek) ܕጓԇܟȲʭʃͲ˥ (Nki) ܕጓԇܟɭȦ ଎ 1 ȁ΃ισȜϋ൐ධ໐͂಺औ౷ȪΒȜρδΛΠȆͺϋΏͺϋȫ

ȩ 2 ɦɹܕጓԇܟɭɌɩѳᡸɐʳ៟ᅙȵᦽ᝔ɌɩȲʱ⏋ɐɫɴԇܟךᅙɹ៯ࡴʦٞᦇܩݖɹ գᅎៀըˁيʠɛ̈ͻ̢Ͳ˫ȵᏺʼɤɩȦʳ⏏ܕጓԇܟɹ᧊ۊȵೣൔᇕɴᬖࠃɇʶ⏋ვᔀɹϯ ౫ʦႵჃ༎֪ȵ؏Ɍȼ؜ʱᐿʚʰʶʳʭȩɴɲʳɭ⏋̫ˡɹᅊ༎ɴ৯ᯱȵᅊɍʳɄɭɻ᧫ȿʰ ʶɲȦ␩೓ᨆ 2004␭⏏ ǵ2003 ॷ 8 ೐ჼܧ⏋ᠭീ೴ɴз˃ɫȦʳ̫ˡɻ 35 γय़Ꮭ 140 Ϻɫȡʳ⏏̫ˡɹϺؤɻॶܯ ᇕɲᮃᘺɫɻ 50 Ϻዐ঎ɭɇʶɩȦʳɄɭȴʰ␩Sato 1992; Tsuru 1998␭⏋ᠭീ೴ɹ̫ˡᮃᘺ ɹៀฐɻȴɲʱ߂ȷȦɭȦȭʳ⏏ ǵᠭീ೴ɴз˃ɫȦʳᦅᓚ຦˱̠̾Ͳ̾ɹ೴ᬏɴʭʶɽ⏋೴ɹؿȋ̀ͻ̜̓̒͞ȍɭɻ⏋৳ʰ ɹៜᘽɫȋϺǾɹ᣸ᤄȍɹɄɭɫ⏋᥊ɍɩȋϺȵᮃȩݭଘȍɭȦȩઝ٢ɞɭȦȩ⏏ʚɛ⏋ȋˏ Ͳ˹ˏͲȍɭɻ̶͞Ͳ˽᠝ɫȋౙȍɭȦȩઝ٢ɫȡʳ⏏ፀΥ๖γᅠ߂଍ಁɴ⏋য়ಁɹࡱςܕɫ ȡɤɛ̝˓̓ɭჼ˱Ͳ˳Ԋٮܕ౅ᯆȴʰѢఓɌɩȷɛ̶͞Ͳ˽ȵ଍ɤɛɭȷ⏋˱Ͳ˳ɭɹܕ ޅˁ༑ʶʳ˻͑ͻ (Dja) ा༑ݖɴз˃ɫȦɛኘӴȵ׌౅ʍው֪Ɍɛ⏏ɗɌɩ⏋ჼܧɹ೴ȴʰ 5 kmʓɰ׫౅ɴȡʳͤ̾ (Lebe) ໜᅤɴ೴ˁɦȼʱ⏋ɗɹ৿⏋͜ˡ̝˕͇౅ᯆʍውзɌɲȵʰ ృɌȦ೴ˁɦȼɤɩȦɤɛɹɞɭȦȩ⏏ ǵɄɹʭȩɴ̀ͻ̜̓̒͞͹ˏͲ˹ˏͲ೴ɻ⏋˱̠̾Ͳ̾ȵɄɹܩݖɴውзɌɩȷɛ᭬ɴ 1 ɦɹ୞ဣɭɲɤɛ೴ɫȡʳȵ⏋1964 ॷɴ 152 Ϻˁధȭɛ˱̠̾Ͳ̾ɹϺؤ␩Cameroon 1966␭ɻ⏋ჼܧɫɻ 2 γय़ 11 ϺɴʚɫཝࢹɌɩȦʳ⏏1970 ॷɄʸɴɻ⏋ɐɫɴ೴ȴʰ 40 km ᮐʶɛ˫̲͠೴ʚɫ᧑ᤉȵ᧒ɌɩȦɛɭȦȩȵ⏋̸Ͳ̫ (Boumba) ाˁཡɐ༝ȷย⏃bac ␩Ѕ␭⏆ȵʭȼఖ᭭Ɍɛɛʠɴ᥂ɹ৵ഀɻࢹɲȼ⏋ϯᦲɹѤɻȷʼʠɩੲȴɤɛ⏏2) ɗɹɛʠ 1970 ॷБɹץɽɅʸ⏋̀ͻ̜̓̒͞͹ˏͲ˹ˏͲ೴ɴз˃ɫȦɛ˱̠̾Ͳ̾ɹ޽ȼȵ⏋̸ Ͳ̫ाɹആүɴȡʳ̀ͻ̜̓̒͞͹̤̓ͻ⏃ృ̀ͻ̜̓̒͞⏆೴ɲɰɴውзɌɛ⏏ɗʶГᭇ⏋ ̀ͻ̜̓̒͞͹ˏͲ˹ˏͲ೴ɫɻˡˡˠɲɰɹழᩆс႒ɹൕݛˁȲɄɲɤɩȲʰɑ⏋ᦅс෌ɹ ɛʠɹ֝ӈ֐ɹரњɲɰˁɭȲɌɛ̫ˡɭᦅᓚ຦ɭɹᐁཕᇕɲᬠѥɻ⏋Јܩݖɴປʏɩɑɤɭ ᚚȦ⏏ 2.2ȁ಺औܢۼ༹༷͂ ǵೣዣɫգᅎɐʳᣂషɻ⏋2001 ॷ 8 ೐ȴʰ 2002 ॷ 9 ೐ɭ 2003 ॷ 1 ೐ȴʰ 8 ೐ɹ⏋៟ 21Ͷ ೐ɹჼܩᠭീȴʰ਄ɛ⏏ɭȼɴ 2002 ॷ 2 ೐ȴʰ 4 ೐ɹ 2Ͷ೐ץɹᬚɴȲɄɲʼʶɛᬏೝႵჃ 2) 2001 ॷɴɻ̾̒˪ (Bek) ाആࣳɹ͇ͤˏ͹ˏͲ˹ˏͲ೴ʚɫФ஛᧑ᤉȵᬖᦲɌ⏋͐ͦͲ˳ȵࡸేɇʶɩȦɛ೎ μɹ 2002 ॷ 4 ೐ɴ⏋̾̒˪ाˁᣴȭɩᠭീ೴Ȳʭʃ೎ߡɹˤ̜ͻ͹ˏͲ˹ˏͲ೴ʚɫ᧑ᤉȵᬖᦲɌɛ⏏᧑ᤉ ᬖᦲ৿⏋౗ᅎᮊᢪɹ᝔ڧʦვᔀɹϯ౫⏋ႵჃɲɰˁȲɄɲȩɛʠɴ⏋೴޺ȴʰʦɤɩȷɛϺǾȵ।ಁ 10⑯20 ϺȼʰȦ೴ɴྡྷܧɐʳʭȩɴɲɤɛ⏏ɗʶʰɹ޽ȼɻ᧑ᤉᬖᦲ৿ɴʦɤɩȷɛϺǾɫȡʳ⏏ႵჃɹɛʠɴȷɛ ϺǾɻ⏋̀ͻ̜̓̒͞͹̤̓ͻ೴ʦɗɹٞᦇɹ೴ȴʰȷɛ˱̠̾Ͳ̾ȵ޽Ȧȵ⏋᝔ڧʦვᔀɹϯ౫ˁȲɄɲɤ ɩȦʳϺǾɻ⏋Ʉɹܩݖɹμਕᇕɲᅘɫȡʳ͜ˡ̝˕͇ʦ⏋ɇʰɴ᧙౅ɹ̫̜˕͠⏋ˏ̓Ͳ̫Ͳɲɰɹᅘȴʰ ȷɛϺȵ޽ȼ⏋ɲȴɴɻˡ͍͡ͻͲីᨆɹౙᗔ᯿ܞՏ᤹ɹϺʢȦʳ⏏

஛ᮃ᝔⏃͐ͦͲ˳⏆ɴԃೝᬚˁɭȲɌɩؾ᝔Ɍɩ਄ɛᣂషȵೣዣɹμ൒ˁɲɌɩȦʳ⏏ ǵ͐ͦͲ˳ɫɻ⏋3 ೐ 5 ౗ȴʰ 4 ೐ 23 ౗ʚɫɹ 50 ౗ᬚɴ⏋˥͑Ͳ̺ɴʢɠȴȭʰʶɛɐʏ ɩɹ֪႒⏋ᩃᅊ͓͌ፈɹᩃᅊඨ႒ɲɰɹؿմˁ៨᪼Ɍɩᩂᩄˁ៟ɤɛ⏏ɲȲႵჃɹଁഗɴɦȦ ɩɻ⏋͐ͦͲ˳ɹԃೝᬚɴȡɛʳ 2 ೐ 13 ౗ȴʰ 4 ೐ 27 ౗ɹᬚɴ஁ʰȭɛკ႒ʢ៨᪼Ɍɛ⏏ ᰩᅊ༎ɴȲȿʳ༥ᢹϺధɻ⏋12 ๳ГΫɹϺˁ 1 Ϻ⏋2 ๳ȴʰ 12 ๳ɹࡎњˁ 0.5 Ϻ⏋2 ๳ೡྃ ɹϖӻˁ 0 ϺɭɌɩ፤ՏɌɛ⏃Ichikawa ␩1983␭⏋Kitanishi ␩1995␭ˁؒ၇⏆⏏ړϖ֪႒ɹؾࡴ ɴɻ Kingdon ␩1997␭ˁᅎȦɛ⏏ඨ႒ɹؾࡴɴɦȦɩɻ⏋ɇȼᘽฌೣˁсଁɌɩˡ͍͡ͻͲɹ ܕጓඨ႒ฌೣ᱅ (Herbier National) ɴћᰉɌɛ⏏ɲȲᩃᅊ͓͌ɹ̘͞Ͳؿɻ Dounias ␩1993␭ ˁؒ၇Ɍɛ⏏

ǵ͐ͦͲ˳ɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ܩʦǸɻɷᒘჃɹ͡ͻ̜ɲɰɹеᒞ੻ݬɻ⏋Garmin ኏ន e-treck ˁᅎ ȦɩཀྵࡴɌɛ⏏ໜाؿɻ GPS ੻ݬɭˡ͍͡ͻͲకঌɹ Centre Geographique National ȵᇍ᝔ ɐʳ 20 ΨՕɹ 1 ܩ০ܒˁᅎȦɩተ᠗Ɍɛ⏏ᠭീܩɹ̫ˡȵ᧌ؑɴȲɄɲɤɛɄɭɹȡʳ͐ͦ Ͳ˳ɹݭଘɴɦȦɩɻ⏋10 ๳ГΫɹᅖߨ 87 ϺɴࢪɌɩ˓Ͳ̊ʹ͖ͻˁȲɄɲɤɩ⏋ໜाؿ ˁȡɁɲȵʰᦪΥተ᠗Ɍɛ⏏ɲȲ̫ˡɻ؅հɭɌɩໜाɭࢪਝɇɓɲȵʰගɹɲȴɹеᒞᬠѥ ˁ᠗ᡫɌɩȦʳ⏏ ǵ͐ͦͲ˳Г޺ɹಁೝɴɦȦɩɹ࣎зᮃ܎ɭው֪ᅊ༎ɹࡸ઴ˁ౩ʰȴɴɐʳɛʠɴ⏋γय़ɹྡྷ ܧݭଘˁຘ౗៨᪼Ɍɛ⏏̫ˡɹγय़׬еɻǸ؅հɭɌɩ߅ࠨɭɗɹೡࠦɹࡎњȴʰɲʳ൒ࢃ౏ ɫȡʳ⏏γय़ɹྡྷܧݭଘɴɦȦɩɻ߅ȵ࢖ɛݭଘˁᅎȦɛ⏏ᠭീᓔȵ೴ˁᮐʶɩȦɛ౗ɴɦȦ ɩɻॠ೴৿ɛɞɠɴተ᠗Ɍɛ⏏2002 ॷ 10 ೐ȴʰ 12 ೐ɹᬚɻ౗ೣɴॠܕɌɩȦɛɛʠ 2003 ॷ 1 ೐ɴᓬ؜ʱᠭീˁȲɄɲɤɛ⏏ ǵᦲ।ɹɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ɴȲȿʳႵჃɹଁഗɴɦȦɩɻ⏋ගɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ܩ 5 Ͷଘɭ೴ɹᦏ ȼɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ܩ 1 ͶଘɴɦȦɩ⏋ɻɷᒘჃˁɻɍʠɩȴʰ 2⑯3Ͷ೐ᐁ᧌Ɍɛȡɭ⏋ᒘˁЇ஘ ȿɛ̫ˡɹᅖɛɠɭΥᐷɴɻɷᒘˁ܌ɤɩعᒘɴȲȦɩɗʶʚɫɴ஁კɌɛკ႒ˁ៨᪼Ɍɛ⏏ ̫ˡɻعǾɹɻɷᒘɫ஁ʰȭɛკ႒ɹዛᰖɭధˁ᳞౩ɴ៨ૡɌɩȦʳɹɫ⏋ᠭീɹᏄ঎ɴɻک ᰍȵɲȦ⏏ ǵᰩϟɹڃᇿᠭീɴᬠɌɩɻ⏋ɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ɫɻᠭീᓔȵᰩషˁʢɤɩȦȴɲȴɤɛ 2 ܌ɹ៮کغ៟ 16 ౗ᬚɴɦȦɩ⏋߂֪݀႒ɹႵჃ˥͑Ͳ̺⏃᪄Ⴣ⏆ɫɻᠭീᓔȵؾ᝔Ɍɛ 3 ܌ غ៟ 38 ౗ᬚɴɦȦɩ⏋ʚɛࡴзᮃᘺɫɻ 2003 ॷ 8 ೐ɹ 10 ౗ᬚɴɦȦɩȲɄɲɤɛ⏏ɲȲ ᰩϟ܌ధɻ೛⏋޹ˁɗʶəʶ 1 ܌ɭɌ⏋౾ɹᬚɴᰩʏʰʶɛʢɹɻధ܌ɴՕȿʰʶɩȦɛݭ غɫʢ 1 ܌ɭɌɛ⏃ɛɭȭɽᜂᜍɲɰɻ஛ᮃݭଘɫᰩʏʰʶɛȡɭ˥͑Ͳ̺ɴʢɠȴȭɤɩ ȴʰʢᰩʏʰʶʳȵ⏋Ʉʶˁȡʼɓɩ 1 ܌ɭɌɛ⏆⏏ɲȲ⏋͐ͦͲ˳ೝᬚμɴɦȦɩɻႵჃ஛ ᮃᅋ႒ˁᣒ͹ᩄɭʢɴʢʶɲȼ៨᪼ɌɩȲʱ⏋Ʉʶˁʢɭɴௌ؜ˡͦ͠ͻˁ៟፤Ɍɛ⏏ˡͦ ͠ͻɹ፤Տɴɻ Leung ␩1968␭ˁؒ၇Ɍɛ⏏

3ȅΨ΃ȆάΈηȜ͈୆ڰ

3.1ȁ୆ڰအ৆͈ٽၞ

ǵ͐ͦͲ˳ɭȦȩ̫ˡ᠝ɹ᠝ৢɴɦȦɩɻ⏋̀ͻ̜̓̒͞͹ˏͲ˹ˏͲȴʰ׌ីɴ 50 km ʓ ɰᮐʶɛͦ͊˛ܩݖɫᠭീˁȲɄɲɤɛ Leclerc ␩2001␭ȵ⏋̫ˡɹႵჃ༎֪ɴᬠɐʳ᯵ɫ៨ ᦚɌɩȦʳ⏏৳ɻ⏋̫ˡɹႵჃ༎֪ɻ⏋Ⴣ໬ɫɻɲȼ⏋ؒ֓ϺధʦೝᬚˁʢɭɴɌɩՕᰖɇʶ ɩȦʳɭɌɩ⏋́Ͳ̝ (sendo)⏋Ͳ̫˵ (ngbasa)⏋͇ˡ (maka)⏋͐ͦͲ˳ɭȦȩ 4 ɦɹ̊˓̺ ɴՕᰖɇʶɩȦʳɭᦚʏɩȦʳ⏏́Ͳ̝ɻ׬ႶʢɌȼɻ 2⑯3ϺɫȲɄɲʼʶʳ౗ॠʱɹႵჃ⏋ Ͳ̫˵ɻᅖਸధϺɴʭʳ 1 ໩ɹႵჃ᝔⏋͇ˡɻ޽ధɹᅖਸȴʰɲʳႵჃ܎ɴʭʳ᧙౅ʍɹధ ౗ȴʰధᦼᬚɹႵჃ᝔⏋ɗɌɩ͐ͦͲ˳ɻᅖਸɞȿɫɲȼߨਸʢؾ᝔ɐʳᬏೝᐙᐚᇕɲႵჃ஛ ᮃ༎֪ɫȡʳɭɌɩȦʳ⏏ɲȲ⏋ᠭീ೴ɫɻ⏋Ͳ̫˵ɴሂয়ɐʳႵჃ০઴ʢ⏋́Ͳ̝ɭʭɽʶ ɩȦɛ⏏ೣዣɫɻɄɹᅎ໬ɴਃȦ⏋Ͳ̫˵ɴɻៜؖɌɲȦ⏏ ǵɄɹՕᰖɻ⏋ؒ֓Ϻధɭؒ֓ᓔɹ෯ଁ⏋༎֪ೝᬚɲɰˁݜྈɴɌɩȦʳȵ⏋̫ˡɹႵჃᅊ༎ ɹࡸ઴ɻਖɑɌʢɄɹʭȩɴɻɤȷʱɭɌɛ̊˓̺ɴՕȿʰʶʳʢɹɫɻɲȦ⏏ɛɭȭɽ͐ͦ Ͳ˳ɹೝᬚμɴˡͩ˓̨˹˹ɹ᣸ᤄˁʛɦȿʶɽ⏋׸এɴధϺɫ́Ͳ̝ɴՏȴȿʳɹɫȡʳ⏏ ႵჃ᝔ဤɗɹʢɹɫȡʳ́Ͳ̝ɭ⏋ȡʰʪʳႵჃ஛ᮃ༎֪ɹភغкɭɌɩɹᅊ༎෵িɫȡʳ͐ ͦͲ˳ˁ⏋ႵჃ༎֪ɴᬠɐʳؾͤ̾͡ɹෙਥɫȡʳɭᓒȭʳɹɴɻံჿȵȡʳ⏏ɗɄɫ⏋ɄɄ ɫɻ Leclerc ɴʭʳ͐ͦͲ˳ɹ᠝ৢɹᠦ౩ˁᤑ឴Ɍɛȩȭɫ⏋ɌȴɌ͐ͦͲ˳ˁ׬ɲʳႵჃ༎ ֪ɹ 1 ̊˓̺ɫɻɲȼ⏋̫ˡɹᅊ༎ˁ෯ଁɐʳᅊ༎෵িɹ 1 ɦɭᓒȭɛȦ⏏͐ͦͲ˳ɹʓȴ ɴɻ⏋ɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ (bala a waiya) ɫɹᅊ༎⏋ࡴзᮃᘺ (gba) ɫɹᅊ༎ȵȡʳ⏏Ʉʶʰɹ ᅊ༎෵িɻ⏋ࡴзᮃᘺȴʰɹᤂᮐɭ⏋ɗʶɴћࡔɐʳᰩషკ਄౅໬ˁݜྈɴɌɩՕᰖɫȷʳ⏏ ǵ͐ͦͲ˳ɻ⏋ࡴзᮃᘺȴʰ᧙Ȧݭଘ⏃20⑯50 km⏆ɴ˥͑Ͳ̺ˁɦȼʱ⏋ȴɲʱᬏೝᬚɴʼ ɛɤɩ⏋ʓɭ˃ɰɐʏɩɹᰩ႒ˁႵჃ஛ᮃɴћࡔɐʳᅊ༎ˁȲɄɲȩ⏏ʚɛ 10 γय़ˁᣴȭʳ ߂ៀฐɲ˥͑Ͳ̺ˁɦȼʳɄɭȵ޽Ȧ⏏ΥឿɌɛɭɄʸ͐ͦͲ˳ɻʢɤɭʢȋࠃ؅ᇕɲႵჃ஛ ᮃ຦ȍˁৱ৴ɭɇɓʳᅊ༎෵িɭȦȭʳ⏏ ǵɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ɻ⏋ࡴзᮃᘺȴʰປᥒᇕᦏȦݭଘ⏃10⑯20 km⏆ɴ៯ȿʰʶʳɛʠ⏋ᩃᅊ ͓͌ɲɰɹ஛ᮃ႒ɭɲʰ˃ɫ⏋ᕶࢃൕݛɇʶʳ̺͞Ͳ̘Ͳʦ⏋ᣘԂɇʶʳ˥͑̒˵̫ᎬʦᎦʢ ༥ᢹɇʶʳ⏏ვᔀɭɗʶʰɹᰩ႒ɭɹϯ౫ˁȡʳዐ঎մரɭɌɩႵჃȵȲɄɲʼʶʳɄɭ⏋͐ ͦͲ˳ɭປᥒɌɩ˥͑Ͳ̺ɹៀฐȵࢸɇȦɄɭ⏋ɲɰɴ႕ਐȵȡʳ⏏ ǵࡴзᮃᘺɫɻ⏋ᅊ෌༎֪ɹȩɠᦅс෌ɴ೎ʢ޽ȼɹಁᬚȵᢹʦɇʶ⏋ᰩ႒ɹʓɭ˃ɰˁᦅс ႒ɴћࡔɌɩȦʳ⏏ᦅᓚ຦ȵ޽ȼз˃ɫȦʳЈɹ೴ɹ̫ˡɻ⏋ᅣЇϟɹଝШȦɲɰˁȲɄɲɤ ɩᰩ႒ˁ਄ʳɄɭʢȡʳʭȩɞȵ␩೓ᨆ 2004␭⏋ᠭീ೴ɫɻʚʶɫȡʳ⏏ ǵɭɄʸɫ⏋ᠭീ೴ɫɻ⏋͇ˡɭʭɽʶʳႵჃȵᰈᑢɴࡸేɇʶʳ⏏͇ˡɴؒ֓ɐʳɹɻᅖ

ਸɹʛɫȡʱ⏋ɗɹᬚ⏋ߨਸɻࡴзᮃᘺɫᅊ༎ɌɩȦʳ⏏͇ˡɴʭɤɩ਄ʰʶʳգᇰ⏃ᔀʦჼ ᩆ⏆ɻ⏋ᠭീ೴ɴзʞ̫ˡɹᅊ༎ɴȲȦɩ߂ȷɲеᒞˁװʠɩȦʳɛʠ⏋ؒ֓ɐʳɹɻᅖਸɹ ʛɫȡʳɴʢȴȴʼʰɑ⏋̫ˡɹᅊ༎ˁჿៗɐʳɛʠɴɻᩂឹɫȡʳɭᓒȭʰʶʳ⏏͇ˡɻ⏋ ͐ͦͲ˳ɹ೎μʦ⏋ɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ˁ୞ဣɴɌɩȲɄɲȩɄɭʢȡʱȩʳȵ⏋ჼܧᠭീ೴ɫ ȲɄɲʼʶʳ͇ˡɻ⏋͞˓̶͡᪄ɹଘ೑ᓔɲɰɴʭʳႵჃɹћᰉˁߕลɭɌɩ⏋ࡴзᮃᘺɴȲ ȦɩႵჃ܎ȵᑂଁɇʶʳʢɹȵʓɭ˃ɰɫȡɤɛ⏏ ǵܒ 2 ɴ⏋͐ͦͲ˳ɴؒ֓ɌɩȦɛγय़⏋ɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ɴྡྷܧɌɩȦɛγय़⏋ࡴзᮃᘺ ɴྡྷܧɌɩȦɛγय़⏋߅ȵ͇ˡɴؒ֓ɌɩȦɛγय़⏋Ȳʭʃ᭰೴ɲɰˁቁೝᬚ⏃έܧȵ 1Ͷ೐ ˁᣴȭʳγय़ɻ᭑޺Ɍɛ⏆៮کɌɛγय़ɹւغɹ೐ա޴׋ˁኍɌɛ⏏͐ͦͲ˳ɻ 2002 ॷɹ 2 ೐ȴʰ 4 ೐ɴȴȿɩȲɄɲʼʶ⏋߂ץɹγय़ȵɄʶɴؒ֓ɌɩȦʳ⏏ɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ɹᅊ ༎ɻॷᬚˁɭȲɌɩࡸేɇʶɩȲʱ⏋ع೐ɭʢԃγय़ɹ 20⎾ȴʰ 50⎾ȵɄʶɴਃϟɌɩȦ ଎ 2 ȁڎ୆ڰအ৆ͅਲম̳ͥଲఝ͈ڬࣣȪ2001 ා 10 ࠮ȡ2003 ා 8 ࠮ȫ 100⎾ɻ 578⑯1024␩γय़ధ⏃1Ͷ೐ˁᣴȭʳЈ೴ɫɹྡྷܧγय़ɻ᭑޺ɌɩȦʳ⏆Ì៎࢘౗ధ␭⏏̫ˡɻ߅ ࠨɭೡࠦɹࡎњȴʰɲʳγय़ˁ׬еɭɌɩᅊ༎ɌɩȲʱ⏋؅հɭɌɩ⏋γय़ɹ෯ଁڊɻؾɍݭଘɴྡྷܧɐ ʳȵ⏋͇ˡɹݭغɻߨਸʦॾȦࡎњɻࡴзᮃᘺɴྡྷܧɐʳ⏏Ʉɹೝᬚɴ͇ˡɻ 38 ܌ȲɄɲʼʶ⏋ɻɷᒘ Ⴣ˥͑Ͳ̺ɻɹʏ 45Ͷଘɴɦȼʰʶɛȵ⏋͐ͦͲ˳ȵࡸేɇʶɛɹɻ 1 ܌ɹʛɫȡɤɛ⏏

ʳ⏏ࡴзᮃᘺɴྡྷܧɌɩȦʳγय़ɻ⏋͐ͦͲ˳ȵȲɄɲʼʶɩȦɛᬚɴɻ 5⎾ዐ঎ɭෑጩɴࢹ ɲȼ⏋ɗɹմ৿ɫ 70⎾ˁᣴȭʳᲞອྈɴɲɤɩȦʳȵ⏋ɗʶГ޺ɹಁೝɫɻ 40⎾ȴʰ 60⎾ ɹᬚˁ஠ውɌɩȦʳ⏏͇ˡɻςɴ 1 ೐ȴʰ 8 ೐ɹᬚɴȲɄɲʼʶɩȲʱ⏋ɗɹಁೝɴɻ 10⎾ ȴʰ40⎾ɹγय़ɹᅖਸȵؒ֓ɌɩȦʳ⏏ᠭീೝᬚˁɭȲɌɛɹʏਃϟ౗ధɻ⏋ࡴзᮃᘺ⏃49⎾⏆ ɭɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺⏃29⎾⏆ȵɭȼɴ޽ȼ⏋͇ˡ⏃9⎾⏆ɭ͐ͦͲ˳⏃7⎾⏆ȵɄʶɴᐚȼ⏏ Ʉɹᐄഗȴʰ⏋ᠭീ೴ɹ̫ˡɹॷᬚɴʼɛʳᅊ༎˵˓˪͡ɻ⏋ࡴзᮃᘺɭɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ɫ ɹᅊ༎ȵςкɫȡʱ⏋ลЦˁʛɩ͇ˡʦ͐ͦͲ˳ȵȲɄɲʼʶɩȦʳɄɭȵʼȴʳ⏏ ǵɭɄʸɫ⏋Ʉɹ˫̶͞ɴؙ౱ɇʶɩȦʳɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ɻɹʏ 45Ͷଘɴɦȼʰʶ⏋͇ˡ ɻ 38 ܌ȲɄɲʼʶɛɹɴࢪɌ⏋͐ͦͲ˳ɻؾɍೝᬚɴ 1 ܌ɌȴȲɄɲʼʶɲȴɤɛ⏏ɌȴɌ ͐ͦͲ˳ɫɻЈɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ɴɻʛʰʶɲȦʭȩɲ߂Ϻధɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ȵ০ଁɇʶʳ⏏͐ͦͲ˳ɻ ᰈ঎ɄɗжȦʢɹɹ⏋ɗɹៀฐȵ߂ȷȦɄɭɴ႕ਐȵȡʳ⏏γᅠعܩɹႵჃ஛ᮃ຦ɹᮃ܎˵˓ ̀ɻ 50⑯100 Ϻɹ፴ܑɴؚʚʳɭɇʶɩȦʳȵ⏋ࡴз׋ȵᦽ˃ɞ̫ˡɹ኏Цɫɻගɹɲȴɴ Ʉɹʭȩɲៀฐɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ȵ০ଁɇʶʳɄɭɻࢹɲȼ⏋͐ͦͲ˳ȵڞΥɹลЦɭȦɤɩʭȦ⏏ ǵȼʼɌȼᦚʏʳմɴ⏋ɗʶəʶɹᅊ༎෵িɴȲȦɩ⏋ςɴȲɄɲʼʶʳᅊ෌༎֪ˁᝠ 1 ɴ ʚɭʠɩȲȼ⏏ࡴзᮃᘺɫɹᅊ༎ɫɻᦅ෌ȵᇵ˃ɴȲɄɲʼʶ⏋͇ˡɫɻ᪄ჃȵμਕɭɲʳɄ ɭȵ⏋႕ਐᇕɫȡʳɭȦȭʳ⏏͐ͦͲ˳ɭɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ɫɹᅊ༎ɻ⏋ɭʢɴɻɷᒘჃɭᜂ ᜍ஛ᮃȵμਕᇕɲᅊ෌༎֪ɫȡʳɄɭɫɻԊᦲɌɩȦʳȵ⏋͐ͦͲ˳ɫɻᩃᅊ͓͌ɹ஛ᮃɴᩂ ȷˁȲȼဣɴʭɤɩθᓔˁךաɐʳɄɭȵɫȷʳ⏏ 3.2ȁਃၶ 3.2.1ȁ͉͇᤭ (waiya) ၶ ǵ᪦ᩮនɹͩ˓͓ͻˁᅎȦɛɻɷᒘჃɻ⏋ჼܧɹ̫ˡ኏ЦɴȲȦɩʢɤɭʢᰈᑢɴȲɄɲʼ ʶɩȦʳჃ໬ɫȡʱ⏋߂݀ვɹᮃ܎Ⴣɲɰɫᬏೝᬚࡴзᮃᘺʦගɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ˁᮐʶʳɭȷГ޺ ນ 1 ȁ୆ڰအ৆͂৽̈́୆ުڰ൲ ᅊ༎෵ি ᅊ෌༎֪ ͐ͦͲ˳ ɻɷᒘჃ ˥͑Ͳ̺ ࡴзᮃᘺ ⏃͇ˡ⏆ ႵჃ ɻɷᒘჃ ǥ ǥ ǣ ᪄Ⴣ⏃ᮃ܎Ⴣ⏆ ǣ ǥ ෱Ⴣ⏃ᮃ܎Ⴣ⏆ ǣ ǣ ஛ᮃ ᩃᅊ͓͌ ǥ ǣ ഗࡸ ǣ ǣ ᜂᜍ ǥ ǥ ǣ ǣ ྫ֝ ǣ ǣ ᦅ෌ ǥ ǥ⏧ςɭɲʳ༎֪⏋ǣ⏧ɌɽɌɽȲɄɲʼʶʳ༎֪

ɴɻ।ɴȲɄɲʼʶɩȦʳ⏏ࢸៀฐɲɻɷᒘჃɻࡴзᮃᘺɹٞᦇɫʢȲɄɲʼʶʳɄɭȵȡʳ ȵ⏋ɛȼɇ˃ɹᒘˁЇ஘ȿʳɭȷɴɻࡴзᮃᘺȴʰ 10⑯20 km ʓɰᮐʶɛගɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ɴው ֪ɐʳɄɭȵ޽Ȧ⏏͐ͦͲ˳ɫɹႵჃɴɦȦɩɻ৿ᦚɐʳɹɫ⏋ɄɄɫɻςɴɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ ̺ɹёɴɦȦɩᠦ౩ɐʳ⏏ ǵ೴ɹ׫౅ɴ⏋ගʍԂʳςឹɲ͡ͻ̜ȵ 2 ɦȡʱ⏋ɇʰɴɗɹ᧑ȴʰഘՕȴʶɌɛధ޽ȼɹ ͡ͻ̜ȵȡʳ⏏ɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ɻ⏋Ʉʶʰɹ͡ͻ̜ɴ໤ɤɛܩဣɴ៯ȿʰʶʳ⏏ᠭീೝᬚ μɴ៯ȿʰʶɛɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ɹγय़ధɹॶܯ˵˓̀ɻ 2.4 γय़⏃n⏮45⏆⏋10 Ϻዐ঎ɫ⏋ ʢɤɭʢ߂ȷɲ˥͑Ͳ̺ɻ 5 γय़ɫȡɤɛ⏏˥͑Ͳ̺ɴመȦɩȴʰࡴзᮃᘺɴॠʳʚɫɹॶ ܯྡྷܧ౗ధɻ 58 ౗⏃๭ተɲ౗ధȵʼȴɤɛ 17 ёɴɦȦɩ⏆ɫȡɤɛ⏏ೝᬚȵቁȦɭȷɴɻ⏋ ˥͑Ͳ̺ˁৄȷଡȩɭȷɴᒘˁ๿ɌɛʚʚɴɌɩȲȷ⏋೴ˁᅊ༎ɹ୞ဣɴɌɲȵʰɻɷᒘჃˁ ᐚȿʳɄɭʢࢹɲȼɲȦ⏏ ǵ˥͑Ͳ̺ܩȵໆʚʳɭ⏋ʚɑߨਸȵᏳȦೠǾˁᏼ˃ɫ̝ͻ͌Ⴅɹങᏼʛˁɦȼʱ⏋ɗɄɴ˪ ̀˗˱Ͳዀɹᘽˁȴȿɩ࣒൓ˁᙏȼ⏏ᦏȼɴ̶͞ˑˏ͓˹ȵɛȼɇ˃ȡʶɽ⏋ɗɹ৿ధ౗ˁȴ ȿɩᅖਸȵ̶͞ˑˏ͓˹ɹᘽˁᑂ˃ɫ࣒൓ᙏȷʦޖɴʢɠȦʳᘇ⏃natte ␩Ѕ␭; ebo ␩̫ˡ᠝␭⏆ ˁɦȼʱ⏋ɗʶˁьɤɩʭʱݠܔɲ౅০ɹࢸ࣒ˁলɩʳ⏏ȡɭɴ๿ɤɛ̶͞ˑˏ͓˹ɹᘽ᥍ˁ ᅎȦɩ⏋̝̾̒ˁɦȼʳɄɭʢȡʳ⏏˥͑Ͳ̺ɴɦȦɛᓂ౗ȴʰɻ⏋1 ౗ɴ 10 ҅ȼʰȦɑɦ ᒘˁЇ஘ȿɻɍʠʳ⏏2 ౗ȼʰȦᐚȿɩᒘˁЇ஘ȿʳɭ๖ɹ౗ɻμుɌɩ⏋ᜂᜍˁஜɌɛʱɐ ʳ⏏ ǵɻɷᒘɻ⏋ვ᧑ɴɗɤɩ 10⑯30 m ȲȷɴЇ஘ȿʰʶʳɄɭȵ޽Ȧȵ⏋ᮃμɌɩ 3 ɦʓɰЇ ஘ȿʰʶɛʱ⏋ʼȷ᧑ɴЇ஘ȿʰʶɛʱɐʳɄɭʢȡʳ⏏1 Ϻȵ 1 ɦɹᒘɹ͡ͻ̜ɴЇ஘ȿʳ ɹɻ 50⑯100 ҅ȼʰȦɫȡʳ⏏̩Ͳ̊ͻɭɻɷᒘɹధɴʭɤɩ޽ࢹɹሂ᧓ɻȡʳȵ⏋2⑯3 γ य़ȴʰɲʳԎ݀ᇕɲ˥͑Ͳ̺ɫɻ⏋4 ɦմ৿ɹɻɷᒘ͡ͻ̜ȵ˥͑Ͳ̺ȴʰఔࢮႥɴɹʃɩȦ ʳ⏏2 ᦼᬚʓɰɫ߂ᨆՕɹଝ୫ɠɹᒘˁȴȿɩɌʚȩɭ⏋ȡɭɻ๿ɤɛͩ˓͓ͻˁᅎȦɩࢸɇ ɲ͡ͻ̜ˁ᭦ಁᐙȹ᣸Ɍɛʱ⏋კ႒ȵʚɤɛȼȴȴʰɲȦ͡ͻ̜ˁ޴ೃɌɛʱɐʳɲɰɹ਎ᠭ ఩ˁȲɄɲȩ⏏ᒘɴȴȴɤɛ֪႒ɻ⏋Υθ౗ɹȩɠɴ๷˃ɫɌʚȦ⏋๷৿ 2 ౗ɫкμȵ˗˻ ɞʰȿɴɲʳ⏏Ɍɛȵɤɩɐʏɩɹკ႒ˁாɲʼɑɴ܌ؚɐʳɴɻ⏋ࢹɲȼɭʢ 3 ౗ɴ 1 ঎ ɻᒘˁឿ܌ʳਖឹȵȡʳ⏏ ǵɻɷᒘჃɹȲʢɲკ႒ɻ⏋̝ͤ̒̋˓ˡͻᰖ⏃̴ͻ̊ͻ̀̋˓ˡͻ⏧ngendi; Cephalophus

callipygus⏋ ́ ˽ ˻ ̋ ˓ ˡ ͻ⏧ngbomu; C. dorsalis⏋ ̩ ͞ ˻ ͦ ̋ ˓ ˡ ͻ⏧mongala/mie; C. leucogaster⏋ ˽ ˫ ͦ ̋ ˓ ˡ ͻ⏧monjumbe; C. nigrifrons⏆ ʦ⏋ ˡ ͩ ˓ ̨ ˹ ˹ (pame; Potamochoerus porcus)⏋˱˹˥̋˓ˡͻ (bemba; C. silvicultor) ɲɰɹμ݀ɹ೑ᤛᰖɫȡ

ʳ⏏ɦȦɫ޽Ȧɹȵ⏋̸͡ͻ̋˓ˡͻ (dengbe; C. monticola) ʦ̶˵ˠ͓͇ˏ͞˹ (mboke;

caffer) ʦ̓Ͳ˳ (mbongo; Tragelaphus euryceros) ɲɰɹ߂݀೑ᤛᰖʦ⏋ᰩᔀᰖ⏋ᮠᬏᰖɲɰ

ȵᒘɴȴȴʳɄɭʢȡʳȵ⏋߂ȷɲ֪႒ɻͩ˓͓ͻˁՖɤɩɌʚȩɄɭȵ޽Ȧ⏏ȡʳɭȷ̫ˡ ɴʭɤɩ᪄ɫ҉ɇʶɛ̓Ͳ˳ɹ᣸ɴɻ⏋4 ೣɹՖʶɛͩ˓͓ͻȵᐉʚɤɩȦɛ⏏

ǵςឹɲკ႒ɫȡʳ̝ͤ̒̋˓ˡͻᰖɻ⏋ᰄᨆɭԒᕬȵᕶࢃ༥ᢹɇʶʳ⏏ᔥкɭ܋ᔊɹᨆՕ ɻ⏋ץ᤹ɴՖʱՕȿɛȡɭၭនɴɌɩ⏋500⑯1,000 Fcfa ⏃655.957 Fcfa⏮1 euro, ܔࡴͤͻ̜⏆ ɫެʳɄɭȵ޽Ȧ⏏ˡͩ˓̨˹˹ʦˠˠ́Ͳ˸Ͳ˱˗ (kelepa; Smutsia gigantea) ɻᔩᔍՕȵ޽ Ȧɹɫɭȼɴ߫ʚʶ⏋ެʰɑɴԃᨆᰩʏʳɄɭʢࢹɲȼɲȦ⏏˥͑Ͳ̺ɫɹˡͦ͠ͻ྇ᰩ႒ ɭɌɩɻ⏋ᩃᅊ͓͌ɲɰˁ᭦ಁ஛ᮃɌɩᰩʏʳȵ⏋೎՟ɴගɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ɴԂʳɭȷɴ̫͠ͅ˭ ̓ 1 ഄ⏃Ꮭ 10 kg⏆ɹ˥͑̒˵̫ᎬɲɰˁڧϺȴʰմҏʱɌɩ୫ؒɐʳёʢл܌ȴȡɤɛ⏏ʚ ɛڧϺȵගɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ɴ᧊˃ɫȷɛ˥͑̒˵̫Ꭼɭ⏋ვᔀˁϯழɐʳёʢʛʰʶɛ⏏Ʉɹʭ ȩɴ⏋ɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ɫɹᰩᅊ༎ɴȲȦɩɻ⏋ϯ౫႒ᣂʍɹћࡔ঎ȵᲞȼ⏋ɗɹဣɫɻ⏋Ⴣ ໬Ʉɗᅵɲʳʢɹɹვᔀɹоրˁᦅс႒ɭϯழɌɩȦʳ̸̘͌ˑɹᐨჃɹ˭ͻ˽␩Ichikawa 1991␭ɭʭȼаɛႥ໥ɴȡʳɭȦȭʳ⏏ 3.2.2 ਺ (ngali) ၶ ǵ᪄Ⴣɴɻ͞˓̶͡᪄ (karabin) ʦతৗ᪄ (loli) ȵᅎȦʰʶʳ⏏ჼܧɹ̫ˡɹᬚɫ⏋᪄Ⴣɻᒘ ჃɴɦȦɫᰈᑢɴȲɄɲʼʶʳჃ໬ɫȡʳȵ⏋̀ͻ̜̓̒͞͹ˏͲ˹ˏͲ೴ɴಬʰɐ̫ˡȲʭ ʃ˱̠̾Ͳ̾ɹɲȴɴɻ᪄ˁଘ೑ɌɩȦʳϺɻȦɲȦ⏏ȴɲʱ౬ɹɄɭɫȡʳȵ⏋ȡʳ̫ˡɹ ທ៊ȵගɹɲȴɫʛɦȿɛᢒႋˁެɤɩμإɹతৗ᪄ˁᣘԂɌɛɄɭȵȡɤɛɭȦȩȵ⏋ɗɹ ᪄ɻɐɫɴޙʶɩɌʚɤɛɗȩɫȡʳ⏏ ǵ͞˓̶͡᪄ɹৗπɻ 1 ҅ 12,000 Fcfa ɭᲞѝɲɹɫ⏋̫ˡᕶ᤹ȵᣘԂɐʳɹɻȷʼʠɩʚʶ ɫȡʳ⏏ʚɛ⏋͞˓̶͡᪄ȵьᅎɇʶʳɹɻ⏋Პѝɲৗπɴឿغȩკ႒⏋ɐɲʼɠˏ̶͠ˡ ⏃͇͊͊͡⏆̈˗ (ya; Loxodonta africana cyclotis) ɹʭȩɲ߂݀ვɴࢪɌɩɹʛɫȡʳ⏏ৗπ ȵɛɌȴɴьᅎɇʶɛɄɭˁተ᠗Ɍɛʱ⏋ᕶʰɹᔀˁ਄ʳɛʠɴ⏋᪄ɹଘ೑ᓔȵ͇ˡɴؾ᝔ɐ ʳɄɭʢࢹɲȼɲȦ⏏ɄɹʓȴڧϺȵʢɤɩȷɛৗπˁ̫ˡɴήȭ⏋᪄ˁաϺȴʰҏʱɩႵჃ ˁȲɄɲɤɛёȵ 2 ёɭ⏋͞˓̶͡ɹৗπˁᕶՕɫଝɴԂʶɛ̫ˡɹᅖȵ᪄ˁҏʱɩȲɄɲɤ ɛёȵ 1 ёȡɤɛ⏏ᠭീೝᬚμɴɻʛʰʶɲȴɤɛȵ⏋తৗ᪄ȴʰ෱ˁᇍࢮɇɓʳ˵͞ (sala) ɭʭɽʶʳ๯۬ɫ̈˗ˁႰȩჃ໬ʢȡʳ⏏ ǵధϺГΫɹᅖਸȴʰɲʳႵჃ܎ȵ⏋ధ౗ȴʰధᦼᬚɴʼɛɤɩ᧙౅ʍɫȴȿʳႵჃ০઴ɻ⏋ ͇ˡɭʭɽʶʳȵ⏋͞˓̶͡᪄ɫ߂݀ვˁႰȩႵჃ⏃grande chasse ␩Ѕ␭⏋big hunting ␩ᗔ␭⏆ ɻ⏋Ʉɹ০઴ɫȲɄɲʼʶʳ⏏1 ܌ɹႵჃɴឹɐʳೝᬚɻ 1⑯2 ᦼᬚȼʰȦɫȡʳ⏏ႵჃ܎ɻ ధϺȴʰ 20 ధϺ⏃ॶܯ 6.9 Ϻȩɠࢹॷ 2.2 Ϻ⏋⑏⏮25⏆ȴʰɲʱ⏋᪄⏃ჼܧɫɻ͞˓̶͡᪄ ȵʓɭ˃ɰ⏆ˁࠇ៧ɇʶɩკ႒ˁ௖ɦ̜˕ͻ͇ (tuma) ɭʭɽʶʳႵϺ⏋෱ˁʢɤɩؒ֓ɐʳ ధϺɹଁॷᅖਸ⏋ɗɌɩధϺɹࢹॷȴʰᑂଁɇʶʳ⏏෱ˁʢɤɩჃɴؒ֓ɐʳɹɻ 10 Б৿ץ

ȴʰɫȡʳȵ⏋10 ๳ೡྃɹࢹॷȵ͇ˡɴؾ᝔ɐʳɄɭʢ޽ȼ⏋ࢹॷೝȴʰගɫɹᅊ༎ʦႵჃ ɴ៊ɌʞลЦɭɲɤɩȦʳʭȩɫȡʳ⏏ ǵ̫ˡɻගɹɲȴɫ࿫ʶʳɄɭˁ࠶ȩɛʠ⏋ᮒɹ޽Ȧ࡚፲ɻෙɌɩ߫ʚʶɲȦȵ⏋ћᰉɇȭ ȡʶɽȦɦɫʢ͇ˡˁȲɄɲȩ⏏ 2001 ॷ 10 ೐ȴʰ 2003 ॷ 8 ೐ɹᬚɴ 38 ܌ɹ͇ˡȵȲɄɲ ʼʶɛ⏏؅հɭɌɩ⏋1 ɦɹႵჃ܎ɴɻ⏋߂݀ვˁႰȩ᪄ɻ 1 ɦɫȡʱ⏋ё޺ᇕɴ᪄ˁʢɦ ̜˕ͻ͇ȵ 2 Ϻؒ֓Ɍɛёȵ 1 ঎ɞȿȡɤɛ⏏ ǵᰩషɻ᪄ɹଘ೑ᓔȵఌᐌɐʳȵ⏋კ႒ɹஜᏮ͹ᦠᤄɭι᝔Ɍɩᜂᜍ஛ᮃʢᰈᑢɴȲɄɲȩ⏏ ᠭീ೴ɹ̫ˡɻ⏋೴ɹ׫౅ɹ̾̒˪ाɹఌ༑ȵ༑ʶʳܩݖˁ͇ˡɹɛʠɴᰈᑢɴգᅎɐʳ⏏Ʉ ɹȡɛʱɻॶܹɲدܩႥɴɲɤɩȦɩອɻȿȵੲȦɭɄʸȵ޽ȼ⏋ధמˏͻ͡ȴʰధ̼˪̊ͻ ͡ȼʰȦɹ bai ɭʭɽʶʳྂ࿅ਸᗳ؅ȵဣܧɌɩȲʱ⏋ɗɄɫɻ߂݀ɹᗳᰩვȵݾՕˁي˃ɞ ໵ˁິʠɩᮃʚɤɩȼʳ⏏߂ȷɲკ႒ˁЇᅥʠʳɭ⏋Ⴕʱɴؒ֓ɌɩȦɛᮾॷɹȩɠɹ 1⑯2 Ϻȵߨɛɠˁʭʃɴ೴ɴଖʳ⏏Ʉɹɭȷ⏋˱́ʦ˻˙Ͳ˧ɲɰɹᏄᮠ␩Tsuru 1998␭ȵᇎݭɌ ɩߨɛɠˁʭʃɴȼʳɭȦȩ⏋Ꮔᮠ̶̮˝ͻ͇Ͳ˽ȵȲɄɲʼʶʳɄɭʢȡʳ⏏ߨɛɠɻᔀˁ ᧊ʉɛʠɴკ႒ˁៗкɌɛගɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ʚɫȦȼ⏏Ʉɹᔀɹ᧊ெ᝔ɻ͐˱̶˝ͦ (mokopolo) ɭʭɽʶʳ⏏ᠭീܩݖɫɻ⏋Ʉɹʭȩɲ͇ˡȵᰈᑢɴȲɄɲʼʶɩȦʳȵ⏋͇ˡˁμਕɭɌɛ ᅊ༎ɻ̫ˡɹႵჃ຦ɭɌɩɹଯᔨȵ޺ᨆ኏Цɹڧ෌ᇕɲ֪ลɭ৔ȼᐄغɌɛᅊ༎෵িɫȡʳɭ Ȧȭʳ⏏ ǵతৗ᪄ˁᅎȦɛჃʢ⏋೴ɴʦɤɩȷɛᦅᓚ຦ȵ̫ˡɴతৗ᪄ˁ៧Ɍɩћᰉɐʳ˭ͻ˽ȵ޽ Ȧ⏏̫ˡɹႵჃ০઴ɴɻ͇ˡɹʓȴɴ⏋́Ͳ̝ɭʭɽʶʳ⏋׬ႶɲȦɌ 2⑯3 Ϻɴʭʳ౗ॠ ʱʦధ౗ᬚɹႵჃ⏃petite chasse ␩Ѕ␭⏋small hunting ␩ᗔ␭⏆ȵȡʳ⏃ɲȲӴ᝔቉ድ␩Leclerc 2001␭ɫɻ⏋Ʉɹ̊˓̺ɹႵჃɻ́Ͳ̝ɭͲ̫˵ɴᏳՕɇʶɩȦʳ⏆⏏తৗ᪄ɴʭʳႵჃɻʓ ɭ˃ɰɹݭغ⏋Ʉɹ́Ͳ̝ɭʭɽʶʳႵჃ০઴ɴʭɤɩࡸేɇʶʳ⏏

ǵతৗ᪄ɹςɲკ႒ɻ⏋ปΫਸɹˠ̠ˤ˵͡ᰖ⏃kalu; Colobus guereza⏋tamba; Cercocebus

agilis⏋gada; Lophocebus albigena⏋koi; Cercopithecus nictitans ɲɰ⏆ʦˡͩ˓̨˹˹⏋̋˓ˡͻ

ᰖɫȡʳ⏏ˡͩ˓̨˹˹ɲɰɹݭغɻ෱Ⴣɴྈɍɛ౅໬⏋ɐɲʼɠᯁȴɴკ႒ɴஞᦏɌɩ௖ɦ ɹɫȡʳȵ⏋̋˓ˡͻɹݭغɻᴡުˁʚɷʳɄɭɴʭɤɩკ႒ˁȲʃȷࢊɓɩȴʰ௖ɦɄɭʢ ȡʳ⏏తৗ᪄ɹˡͻ̜̒͠˻ɻ 500 Fcfa ɭɗʶʓɰᲞȼɲȦɹɫ⏋ᰈᑢɴɫɻɲȦȵ̫ˡᕶ ᤹ȵᣘԂɐʳɄɭʢȡʳ⏏ˠ̠ˤ˸͡ᰖˁႵʳʭȩɴћᰉɇʶɛɭȷɲɰɴ⏋ɦȦɫɴᕶՕɹ ৗˁьᅎɐʳɄɭȵ޽Ȧȵ⏋᪄ɹଘ೑ᓔȵ៊ɌȦݭغɴɻᕶՕɹჃɹɛʠɴ᪄ˁҏʱʳɄɭʢ ȡʳ⏏ 3.2.3ȁௐ (benga) ၶ ǵᮃ܎ᇕɲᐨჃʦূሼჃˁȲɄɲʼɲȦ̫ˡɴɭɤɩ⏋᪦ᩮនɹͩ˓͓ͻʦ᪄ȵಔؖɐʳГմ ɴɻ⏋μ݀ʦࢸ݀ɹკ႒ˁႰɤɛᮃ܎෱ჃʦႡˁьɤɛ෱ჃȵμਕᇕɲჃ໬ɫȡɤɛɭᓒȭʰ

ʶʳ␩иᚹ 1991␭⏏෱ჃɹႵჃ০઴ɻ⏋͇ˡɭɌɩʢȲɄɲʼʶʳɌ⏋́Ͳ̝ɭɌɩʢȲɄɲ ʼʶʳ⏏ჼܧɫɻ⏋෱ɹʛˁᅎȦɛ͇ˡɻȷʼʠɩʚʶɫȡʳȵ⏋ଁॷᅖਸȵ޽ధؒ֓ɌɩȦ ʳݭغɴɻ⏋߂݀ვˁஜᏮɌɩȦʳȡȦʚɴ෱Ⴣʢɇȴ˃ɴȲɄɲʼʶ⏋ˡͩ˓̨˹˹ˁЇᅥ ʠʳɄɭȵ޽Ȧ⏏ʚɛ⏋ʓʖԃڊɹଁϺᅖਸȵ෱ˁʢɤɩȲʱ⏋ɭȼɴႵჃˁᇿᇕɭɓɑɴග ˁው֪ɌɩȦʳɭȷʦᜂᜍˁஜɌɩȦʳɭȷɴʢ⏋კ႒ɹ᣸ᤄˁʛɦȿʳɭ⏋ᦠᤄɌɩ෱ɫ҉ ɗȩɭɐʳ⏏ ǵ෱Ⴣɹςɲࢪᢒɻˡͩ˓̨˹˹ɫȡʳ⏏ፆᓔȵؾ᝔ɌɛႵჃɫ⏋კ႒ɭ᧠ᧇɌɛɹȵ 14 ܌ ȡɤɛ⏏ɗɹɭȷɹ̩Ͳ̊ͻɹధȵ 3 ϺГάɫȡɤɛ 4 ёɻɐʏɩჃɴ߉ఞɌɛ⏏̩Ͳ̊ͻ ȵ 4 ϺГΫɫȡɤɛ 10 ёɫɻ⏋ˡͩ˓̨˹˹ɴ᧠ᧇɌɛ 6 ёɹȩɠ 5 ёɻଁ֒Ɍ⏋ɗɹȩɠ 2 ёɫɻ⏋1 ঎ɴ 2 ᰄˁ҉Ɍɛ⏏ˏˡ˽˓˧͖˗ɴ᧠ᧇɌɛ 2 ёɹȩɠ⏋1 ёɻଁ֒Ɍɛ⏏ˡ ͩ˓̨˹˹ɻᒴʶɫᅊ༎ɌɩȦʳɹɫʛɦȿʦɐȼ⏋ʚɛΥ௖ɫᕹ٨ӂˁήȭʳɄɭȵɫȷʳ ɛʠ⏋෱Ⴣɴʢɤɭʢ᧟Ɍɛკ႒ɫȡʳ⏏ɻɷᒘჃɫʢɤɭʢ޽ȼ஁ʰȭʰʶʳ̋˓ˡͻᰖɹ ޽ȼɻ⏋޿᝔ਸɫȡʳȩȭɴᒴʶˁɦȼʰɲȦɹɫʛɦȿɴȼȼ⏋෱ɫ҉ɐɄɭɻࢹɲȦ⏏ˏ ˡ˽˓˧͖˗⏋̓Ͳ˳ɲɰ߂݀ɹړϖᰖʢ⏋෱ɴʭɤɩ҉ɇʶʳɄɭɻʚʶɫȡʳ⏏̶˵ˠ͓ ͇ˏ͞˹ʦ͇Ͳ˫ͻ˽ɲɰɹࢸ݀ɹړϖᰖʦ⏋ˠˠ̜ˡ˰ (bambe; Varanus sp.) ʦ˱̢̲̜ͩ (mokakele; Osteolaemus sp.)⏋ˏ̶͠ˡ̢˹˥̼̲ (meke; Python sp.)⏋̫˓̮ͻ (boma; Bitis sp.) ɲɰɹၷᛚᰖʢ⏋ගɹɲȴɫ᧠ᧇɐʶɽ෱ɫɌɭʠʳɄɭȵȡʳ⏏ʚɛႡ (bolo) ˁᅎȦʳ Ʉɭȵɫȷʶɽ⏋ْȭʳɄɭɴʭɤɩკ႒ɹ໶ઝˁɗʰɌɛʱ⏋კ႒ɹᦠᤄˁȲɄɲɤɛʱɐ ʳɄɭɴʭɤɩ෱Ⴣɹ֟რˁΫɁʳɄɭȵɫȷʳ⏏ ǵHarako ␩1976␭ɻ⏋̸̘͌ˑɹႵჃ༎֪ɴȲȦɩ⏋෱Ⴣˁ႕๾ɲჃ໬ɭɌɩеᒞɧȿɩȦ ʳ⏏̸̘͌ˑɻᐨჃɴʭɤɩ̋˓ˡͻɲɰɹࢸ݀ɹკ႒ˁ஁კɌ⏋෱Ⴣɹςɲࢪᢒɻμ͹߂ ݀ვɫȡʳ⏏ɗɌɩ⏋ɗʶʰˁ҉ɐɄɭȵɫȷʳɹɻࢹధɹႵʱɹၓᑇᓔɹʛɫȡʳ⏏ΫᦚɌ ɛʭȩɴ⏋ᐨჃˁȲɄɲʼɲȦ̫ˡɴɭɤɩ෱ჃɻʭʱΥᖔᇕɲჃ໬ɭɌɩеᒞɧȿʰʶʳɹ ɞȵ⏋̸̘͌ˑɭؾ෵ɴ߂݀ვˁ҉ɐɄɭȵɫȷʳ႕๾ɲჃ໬ɭȦȩүᯆʢʢɤɩȦʳ⏏̀ͻ ̜̓̒͞͹ˏͲ˹ˏͲ೴ɴɻ⏋̈˗ˁ҉Ɍɛᐁᱻȵȡʳ̩Ͳ̊ͻɻ 6 ϺȲʱ⏋ɗɹȩɠ 4 Ϻ ɻ 10 ᰄГΫɹ̈˗ˁ҉ɌɛɄɭȵȡʳȵ⏋ɗʶʰɹʓɭ˃ɰɻ᪄ˁᅎȦɩ҉Ɍɛʢɹɫȡʳ⏏ ෱ɫ̈˗ˁլɌɛᐁᱻȵȡʳɭȦȩᓔɻࢹɲȼɲȦʢɹɹ⏋ࡸ᭬ɴ̈˗ˁ҉Ɍɛɹɻ 2 Ϻɞ ȿɴɐȹɲȦ⏏ȲʢɌʸȦɄɭɴ̸̘͌ˑɭ̫ˡ⏋ɗɌɩˏˡɴȲȦɩʢ⏋̈˗ႵʱɹؿϺɴ ࢪɌɩ̜˕ͻ͇ɭȦȩؾɍ٧ዌȵᅎȦʰʶʳ⏏̫ˡ኏ЦɴȲȿʳ̜˕ͻ͇ɻਖɑɌʢณࠓˁʢ ɦࡔܧɫɻɲȼ␩Joiris 1998␭⏋ᦏ᭰ɹᦅᓚ຦ʦᢒႋڧϺʰɴΥᇿᒞȴʶɩȦʳɭȦȩઝ٢ɫ⏋ ʞɌʸ̫ˡ኏Цɹ޺ᨆɭɹᬠѥɴȲȦɩઝ٢ˁʢɦࡔܧɫȡʳ⏏ ǵ̈˗ˁ҉Ɍɛɭȷ⏋Υɹ෱⏃ɲȦɌ᪄௖⏆ˁήȭɛ̩Ͳ̊ͻɻɗɹᔀˁᰩʏʰʶɑ⏋ៗкɴ ʢؒ֓ɌɲȦ⏏ʚɛ৳ɹၼᏙȲʭʃທᏙɹ៊౏ɹȩɠ⏋৳ʭʱʢॷᬏɹᓔʢɗɹᔀˁᰩʏʰʶ

ɲȦ⏏ɄɹʭȩɲȋႵჃᓔɫȡʳɄɭȍɴᣱ܍ɐʳᰩ႒ៀըȵᠩɓʰʶʳɹɻ⏋̈˗ɭˡͩ˓ ̨˹˹ɹݭغɹʛɫȡʳ⏏ˡͩ˓̨˹˹ɹݭغɻ⏋ȡʳዐ঎ɹధˁ҉ɓɽ⏋Ʉɹៀըɻៗȴʶ ʳ⏃10 Б৿ץȼʰȦɴ⏋ᰩʏʳȴɰȩȴˁᕶՕɫໆుɐʳ⏆ȵ⏋̈˗ɹݭغɻΥᅊɹᬚɄɹ ៀըȵ؏ൔɴࡪʰʶʳ⏏ʢɌɄɹៀըˁቑʳɭ⏋ɗɹ̩Ͳ̊ͻɻԗʃ̈˗ʦˡͩ˓̨˹˹ˁ҉ ɐɄɭȵɫȷɲȦɭȦʼʶɩȦʳ⏏ 3.2.4ȁًݲ͈ਃၶ༹༷ ǵჼܧɹ̫ˡɹჃ໬ɴȲȦɩ႕ਐᇕɲဣɻ⏋̸̘͌ˑʦˏˡȵȲɄɲȩᮃ܎ᇕɲᐨჃȵʛʰʶ ɲȦɄɭ⏋ɻɷᒘჃȵμਕɫȡʳɄɭ⏋ɗɌɩ޺ᨆᓔɹࠇ៧ɴʭʳ᪄Ⴣȵ޽ȦɄɭɫȡʳ⏏ɗ ʶɫɻ᧌ؑɹ̫ˡɹჃ໬ɻɰȩɞɤɛɹɞʸȩȴ⏏ɄɄɫɻ⏋̀ͻ̜̓̒͞͹ˏͲ˹ˏͲ೴ ɴಬʰɐ՟ᓑɹ̫ˡɹ᠌ȴʰ⏋᧌ؑɹჃ໬ɴɦȦɩʚɭʠɩȲȼ⏏৳ɻɄɹᮃᘺɹ̫ˡɹᬏ (kukuma) ɫȡʱ⏋ʚɛ̜˕ͻ͇ɫʢȡʳ⏏஠ࡴॷᶲɻ 50⑯55 ๳ɫȡʳ⏏ 1⏆ኘၼɹಁБ⏃20 γᏛ՟ᰄ⑯մץ⏆ɴɻ⏋෱ɹʛˁᅎȦɩႵჃˁȲɄɲɤɩȦɛ⏏ 2⏆˪ͦ˽̓˗ (mbano) ɻၼ៊ȵᗐȦɄʸ⏃20 γᏛմץ⏆ɴɻьɤɩȦɛȵ⏋ჼܧᠭീ೴ ɴɻ 1 ҅Ɍȴɲȼ⏋˪ͦ˽̓˗ˁɦȼʳϺɻȦɲȦ⏏ 3⏆Гմɹ̫ˡɻɻɷᒘჃɻȲɄɲʼɑ⏋˱̠̾Ͳ̾ɞȿȵȲɄɲɤɩȦɛȵ⏋৳ȵॾȦ᯴ ɴ⏃20 γᏛץɽ⏆᪦ᩮនɹͩ˓͓ͻȵଝɴԂʳʭȩɴɲʱ⏋̫ˡʢᇵ˃ɴɻɷᒘჃˁȲ Ʉɲȩʭȩɴɲɤɛ⏃ɛɞɌ⏋߂ᩄɹͩ˓͓ͻȵଝɴԂʳʭȩɴɲɤɛɹɻ⏋2002 ॷɴ ᧑ᤉȵᬖᦲɌɩГ৿ɹɄɭɫȡʳ⏆⏏ 4⏆ၼ៊ɹಁБ⏃20 γᏛץɽ⑯⏆ɴɻ⏋ɐɫɴᦅᓚ຦ʦڧϺʰɴћᰉɇʶɩ̈˗ႵʱˁȲɄ ɲɤɩȦɛȵ⏋Ёʓɰᰈᑢɴћᰉɻɲȼ⏋ʚɛয়ಁɻతৗ᪄ɴ෱ˁɄʠɩᇍࢮɐʳ˵͞ ɭʭɽʶʳ౅໬ȵςɫȡɤɛ⏏ਖ਼ࡎȵᅊʚʶɛ᯴⏃25 ॷȼʰȦմ⏆ȴʰ͞˓̶͡᪄ȵь ᅎɇʶɻɍʠ⏋ჼܧɫɻςɴ͞˓̶͡᪄ȵᅎȦʰʶɩȦʳ⏏ 5⏆ɗɹЈɹჃ໬ɫɻ⏋ၼ៊ȵᗐȦɄʸ⏃20 γᏛմץ⏆ɴɻ⏋˱̠̾Ͳ̾ȵᐨ (yo) Ⴣˁʦɤ ɩȦɛɭȦȩ᠌ˁᓵȦɛɄɭȵȡʳȵ⏋৳ᕶ᤹ɻᐨჃˁȲɄɲɤɛɄɭʢʛɛɄɭʢɲ ȼ⏋ɄɹܩݖɹЈɹᮃᘺɹ̫ˡɴɦȦɩʢᐨჃˁȲɄɲȩɭȦȩ᠌ɻᓬȦɛɄɭȵɲȦ⏏ ূሼ (ndolo) ɻࡎњȵᧉʃɹɛʠɴɦȼʳȵ⏋߂ϺȵȲɄɲȩჃɴɻᅎȦɲȦ⏏ʚɛ⏋ ˱̠̾Ͳ̾ȵᘺɭɌዴ (libei) ˁɦȼɤɩȦɛɹˁʛɛɄɭȵȡʳȵ⏋̫ˡɻᘺɭɌዴˁ ɦȼʰɲȦ⏏ ǵ৳ɹ᠌ȵ⏋ɄɹܩݖɴȲȿʳჃ໬ɹ޴᧦ɹॷБˁɰʶʓɰ๭ተɴؙ౱ɌɩȦʳɹȴɻЁ৿ɇ ʰɴද២ɐʳਖឹȵȡʳȵ⏋̫ˡೣഀɹႵჃɻ෱ჃɫȡʳɭᓒȭʰʶɩȦʳɄɭ⏋ূሼʦ˪ͦ ˽̓˗ˁᅎȦɛႵჃɻɗʶʓɰᇵ˃ɫɻɲȴɤɛɄɭ⏋ɻɷᒘჃɭ᪄Ⴣɻ⏋޺ᨆȴʰႵჃԍˁ ਄ʳɄɭɴʭɤɩ೎ᦏɴɲɤɩ஛ᅎɇʶɛɄɭ⏋ᐨჃʦᘺɭɌዴ⏋ɗɹЈɹᒘჃɻᦅᓚ຦ɹჃ ໬ɫȡʳɭᓒȭʰʶɩȦʳɄɭ⏋ɲɰȴʰჃ໬ɹ޴׋ɴɦȦɩȡʳዐ঎ȩȴȵȦሾʳɄɭȵɫ

ȷʳ⏏ 3.3ȁनਬ 3.3.1ȁ࿤୆μθ႒ ǵගɴྡྷܧɌɩȦʳɭȷɴɻ⏋ᩃᅊ͓͌ȵᩂឹɲᰩ႒ɭɲʳ⏏̫ˡɻ⏋ᜂᜍʦᩃᅊ͓͌⏋˥ ̨˱ɲɰɹകᅋ႒ˁஜɌɲȵʰගˁ๰ȼɄɭˁ̨ˏ (noa) ɭʭʉ⏏ගˁ๰ȦɩȦʳɭȷ⏋ॵȴ ʰʃɛᩃᅊ͓͌ɹᘺᘽˁʛɦȿʳɭ⏋ɐȽɴܑٞɹᗛʛɹɲȴɫ͓͌ɹᙶˁஜɌɻɍʠʳ⏏ᙶ ˁʛɦȿʳɭ⏋࣢Ւ (ngbala) ʦ஗ʱඑɲɰˁᅎȦɩ⏋ᰩᅎɭɲʳݳ൓ˁ஗ʱɞɐ⏏ɗɹ᭬ɴ⏋ ᙶȵЭʃɛݳ൓ɹݜᨆ (head) ˁܩμɴ๿ɌɩȲȼ⏏ɄȩɌɩȲȼɭ⏋ᓂॷɄɄȴʰృɌȦᙶ ȵɹʃɩݳ൓ȵଁᬏɐʳ⏏ɄɹʭȩɲൕݛɭʢᩃᅊႥ઴ɭʢȦȭɲȦʭȩɲ͓͌ɴࢪɐʳӈȷ ȴȿˁ⏋Dounias ␩1993; 2001␭ɻȋ௹аൕݛ (paracultivation)ȍɭʭ˃ɫȦʳ⏏ɦʚʱ̫ˡɻ⏋ ɛɞઃɌʛɲȼήȭɩȼʶʳࡔܧɭɌɩɹග⏃giving environment ␩Bird-David 1990␭⏆ɴԃᯆ ᇕɴћࡔɌɩȦʳʼȿɫɻɲȼ⏋ȴɭȦɤɩᦅᓚ༎֪ɹʭȩɴс႒ɭɹᬚɴʭʱዩෑᇕɲᬠѥ ˁ፷ȦɩȦʳʼȿɫʢɲȦ⏏ɗɹμᬚ০઴ɭɌɩɹȋ௹аൕݛȍˁᐚȿɲȵʰ⏋ᩃᅊ͓͌ɹ஛ ᮃˁȲɄɲɤɩȦʳɹɫȡʳ⏏

ǵˡ͍͡ͻͲɹගകܩय़ɴɻ⏋15⑯17 ዛɹᩃᅊ͓͌ (Dioscorea spp.) ɭ 2 ዛɹ͓͌ɴᰖа Ɍɛඨ႒ (Dioscoreophyllum spp.) ȵᕶᅊɌɩȲʱ␩Hladik and Dounias 1993; Dumont et al. 1994; Hamon et al. 1995␭⏋ɗɹ޽෵ਸɻˏ̶͠ˡɫʢɤɭʢᲞȦ␩Dounias 2001␭⏏ɗɹȩ ɠᠭീܩɫ៎࢘ɇʶɛʢɹɻ⏋̨͓͇˓͐ዀɹ˵̶ˎ3⏆ (sapa; Dioscorea praehensilis)⏋˛˽͇ (esuma; D. semperflorens)⏋̫ (ba; D. mangenotiana)⏋˭˭ (keke; D. burkilliana)⏋˪˪ (kuku;

D. minutiflora)⏋̫ͦ˱ (baloko; D. smilacifolia)⏋Ͳ˻͑ˡˡ (njakaka; D. sp.)⏋̶̖̓͞˻ዀ

ɹͲ̲ (ngbi; Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii) ɫȡɤɛ⏏Dounias ␩1993␭ɻɄɹЈɴ⏋ᰩᅎɭɲ ʳʢɹɭɌɩ⏋́Ͳ̚ (sende; D. hirtiflora)⏋̓͠ (boli; D. sp.)⏋̶ˎͲ˰ (pange; D. sp.)⏋̲ ͞Ͳ˳ (bilango; Dioscoreophyllum sp.) ɲɰȵ⏋̫ˡɹзʞܩݖɴՕ॒ɌɩȦʳɭɌɩȦʳ⏏ ǵ˵̶ˎɭ˛˽͇ɻ⏋Υॷᅊɹᙶˁɦȿ⏋ປᥒᇕᬖȿɛᄩޅɴᕶᅊɌɩȦʳ⏏ܩΫᨆɹ০઴ȵ аɩȦʳȵ⏋˵̶ˎɻݳ൓ȵ߄ȼݠȼɩᎳܤᣒɹܤޚˁ߫ʞɹɴࢪɌ⏋˛˽͇ɹݳ൓ɻᏳȼ⏋ ອՕˁ޽ȼي˃ɫȲʱᔫȦቆᣒɹܤޚˁ߫ʞ␩Dounias 2001␭⏏ᮒ࡚ȵɻɍʚʳɭ⏋ݳ൓ɴᢱ ʠɩȲȦɛ᰸ՕˁᅎȦɩᙶˁЭɽɌɻɍʠʳ⏏ᙶȵകԢɴ᧒Ɍɩӵغଁˁɻɍʠʳɭ⏋ʈɛɛ ʃݳ൓ɴെ᰸Օˁᢱᚁɐʳ⏏ݳ൓ȵ߂ȷȼᔋ߂ɌɩȦʳɄɹೝᬚ⏃11⑯3 ೐⏆ȵ஛ᮃɴ᧟Ɍɛ ಁೝɫȡʳ⏏̫ˡɴʭʶɽ⏋˵̶ˎɭ˛˽͇ɻᒴᅊɌɩȲʱ⏋Ȧɤɛ˃ɗɹݭଘˁʛɦȿʳɭ ᦏȼɫ߂ᩄɹؚዲȵೝ৺ɫȷʳɭȦȩ⏏ɭȼɴ˵̶ˎɴȲȦɩɗɹӃكȵ৔ȼ⏋1 Ϻɹߨਸȵ 3) ̫ˡ᠝ɴȲȦɩ p ɭ f ɫᝠ៨ɇʶɩȷɛᇍᯭɻךաɇʶɲȦɄɭȵ޽Ȧȵ⏋ࡸ᭬ɴᓬɄȭʳᯭɻ f ɴᦏȦɛʠ⏋ ˡ̊ˡ̠ɫɻȋ̶ˎ͹̶ˑ͹̶͹̶˙͹̶˝ȍɫᝠ៨Ɍɛ⏏

1 ঎ɴ 30 kg ˁᣴȭʳ˵̶ˎˁ஛ᮃɌɛɄɭʢȡɤɛ⏏ᦲ।͓͌ˁ஗ʳɹɻߨਸɹ৲ւɫȡʳ ȵ⏋˵̶ˎȵᒴᅊɌɩȦʳɭɄʸɫɻᅖਸʢଝШɤɩ஗ʳɄɭʢȡʳ⏏ ǵ̫ɻϠॷᅊɹᙶˁɦȿ⏋˭˭ʦ˪˪⏋̫ͦ˱⏋Ͳ˻͑ˡˡɻ޽ॷᅊɹᙶˁɦȿʳ␩Dounias 2001␭⏏Ʉʶʰɻ⏋ܩᝠᦏȼɴȡʳೠᣒɹݳ൓ɹݜᨆȴʰܩμɴЭʃɫɛ̝Ͳ̝⏃ndondo; ̫ ˡ᠝ɫϘᰄɹઝ␩Dounias 1993␭⏆ɭʭɽʶʳᨆՕȵᰩʏʰʶʳ⏏˭˭ʦ˪˪ɻ׬ɴ̝Ͳ̝ɭ ʭɽʶʳɄɭʢȡʳ⏏ɭȼɴ̫ɹݜᨆ (head) ɻॅ߂ɴɲʱ⏋ɗʶɴុʼʶɛᰩᅎᨆՕ⏃̝Ͳ ̝⏆ˁ֪႒ɴʭʳᰩࢀȴʰ႒ჿᇕɴѳᡸɌɩȦʳ⏏̫ɹᰩᅎɴɲʳᨆՕɻȴɲʱ߂ȷȼᅊᬏ Ɍ⏋1 ҅кȴʰ 5 kg ГΫɹݳ൓ȵ஛ᮃɫȷʳɄɭʢࢹɲȼɲȦ⏏ɭȼɴ߂ȷȦʢɹɫɻ 10 kg ˁᣴȭʳɄɭʢȡʳ⏏Ʉʶʰˁ஛ᮃɐʳɭȷɻ⏋ೠᣒɹݜᨆ (head) ˁ஗ʱᣱɄɌɩخᰩᨆˁ ஛ᮃɌɛȡɭ⏋ݜᨆˁʢɭɹݭଘɴʢɰɌɩȲȼ⏏Ʉʶʰɹዛɻӵ೼ИɹੲȦȩɤʑȦɌɛග ɹɲȴɴʢᕶᅊɌɩȲʱ⏋ʚɛ޽ॷᅊɹᙶˁɦȿʳɹɫ⏋ਖɑɌʢຘॷ⏋ݳ൓ɴᙢȭʰʶɛ᰸ Օȵ༥ᢹɇʶʳʼȿɫɻɲȼ⏋ᮒ࡚ɹᬚɴʢᰩᅎɭɲʳᨆՕȵȴɲʱ๿ɇʶɩȦʳ␩Dounias 2001; Sato 2001␭⏏Ʉʶʰɹ͓͌ȵ⏋ᮒ࡚ɴʢݳ൓ˁ๿Ɍɩ޽ॷᅊɹᙶˁɦȿʳɄɭɴɦȦɩ⏋ Hladik ʰ␩1984␭ɻŋwaiting phaseŌɹᬏɇˁϜཀྵɫȷɲȦˏ̶͠ˡɹၖय़ᮒകᄩޅʍɹ᧟ ਝɫȡʳɭɌɩȦʳ⏏̫ˡɴʭʶɽ⏋Ʉʶʰɹ͓͌ɻගɹɲȴɴ 1 ɦɑɦᅊȭɩȲʱ⏋˵̶ˎ ɹʭȩɴ 1 ঎ɴɛȼɇ˃ʛɦȿʰʶʳʼȿɫɻɲȦȵ⏋ɰɄɹගɴȦɩʢʛɦȿʳɄɭȵɫ ȷʳɭȦȩ⏏̫ʦ̝Ͳ̝⏃˭˭͹˪˪⏆ɻ⏋˵̶ˎȵࢹɲȦ࡚፲ɲȦɌܩݖɫɻᰩᅊ༎ˁఌȭ ʳᩂឹɲᰩ႒ɫȡʳ⏏ ǵ٢ɴɦȦɩɻ⏋̫ʦ˛˽͇ɻ⏋ᑥᐣᣒȵࢹɲȦȩȭɴ⏋ອՕˁ޽ȼي˃ɫᰩʏʦɐȦɄɭʢ ȡʱ⏋ᒭ٢ɭɇʶɩȦʳ⏏̫ͦ˱ɭͲ˻͑ˡˡɻ٢ȵʭȼɲȦɭɇʶɩȲʱ⏋ࡸ᭬ɴ஛ᮃɇʶ ʳɄɭʢʚʶɫ⏋߰ࠨʦϖӻɹθ៊ɴɻਗ᧫ɹࢪᢒɭɲɤɩȦʳ⏏̶̖̓͞˻ዀɹͲ̲ (ngbi) ɻ⏋ࢹᩄɑɦɫɻȡʳȵᒭ٢ɲɛʠ⏋ʭȼ˽̠̒˪ɭɌɩᰩʏʰʶʳ⏏ 3.3.2ȁض৘Ȇਅঊ ǵഗࡸ͹ዛࡎɻ⏋᭦ಁ஛ᮃɇʶɩᰩʏʰʶʳȵ⏋soko pekie ɭʭɽʶʳ 6 ೐ȴʰ 8 ೐ɴᐄࡸ ɐʳʢɹȵ޽Ȧ⏏ࡴзᮃᘺɹٞᦇɫȲɄɲɤɛඨᅊᠭീ⏃8 haˁࢪᢒ⏆ɫɻ⏋ᔦᲞሁ৹ 10 cm ГΫɹปೠȵ 215 ዛ⏃4,088 ೣ⏆៎࢘ɇʶ⏋ɗɹȩɠ 23 ዛ⏃671 ೣ⏆ɹഗࡸɲȦɌዛࡎȵ̫ ˡɹᰩᅎ⏃ᚫᅎˁ᭑ȼ⏆ɭɲʳʢɹɫȡɤɛ␩࡫ࣩ ೡᇍᝠᣂష␭⏏ɗʶʰɹȩɠ⏋ࡸ᭬ɴ஛ᮃ ɇʶɩᰩʏʰʶʳɹˁ៎࢘Ɍɛʢɹɻ⏋ˏˡ̘̓ዀɹ͇̾ (mabe; Bailonella toxisperma⏆ ⏋̫ Ͳ̸ (bambu; Gambeya lacourtiana)⏋˓͡ʹˑͲ˧ˏዀɹ̶˙˭ (pekie; Irvingia gabonensis)⏋ ˤͲ˰Ͳ̚ˑ⏃̶ˎ͜⏆(gangendi/payo; Irvingia excelsa)⏋˱Ͳ̾ͤ (kombele/payo; Irvingia

robur)⏋̅ͻ͠ˏ (solia; Irvingia grandifolia)⏋̓˱˱ (bokoko; Klainedoxa gabonensis)⏋˗͡

˹ዀɹͲ˳͜ (ngoyo; Trichoscypha abut)⏋˳Ͳ˫ (gongu; Antrocryon klaineanum)⏋˛˳̨ ˥ዀɹ˧Ͳ̫ (gimba; Afrostyrax lepidophyllus)⏋˭˪̴ͦˏዀɹͲˤ̒̊ (ngata; Myrianthus

arboreus)⏋̜˗̋˓˫˵ዀɹ˳̓ (gobo; Ricinodendron heudelotii)⏋̮Ͳ̋ዀɹˡ̠ (kana; Panda oleosa)⏋̫Ͳͤ˓˹ዀɹ͌̾ (mbe; Anonidium manii)⏋͌˪ͦ˻ዀɹ̜˱Ͳ̓͠

(tokomboli; Chytranthus atroviolaceus) ɲɰɫȡʳ⏏ปೠГ޺ɹඨ႒ɫɻ⏋̜˗̋˓˫˵ዀɹ ˡ̅ (kaso; Tetracarpidium conophorum) ɹዛࡎ⏋˫̦̓͌ዀɹ˱˱ (koko; Gnetum spp.) ɹ ᘽ⏋˹͚˗ˤዀɹˏ̶͠ˡ˹͚˗ˤ (njii; Aframomum spp.) ɹഗࡸ (tondo) ɹΥዛɲɰˁᰩʏ ʳ⏏ʚɛ⏋೴ɭ೴ˁɦɲȽ᧑ᤉ໤Ȧʦගɹɲȴɴȡʳȴɦɩɹᮃᘺᤄɴɻ⏋ˏ̸͓͞˹ (mbila; Elaeis guineensis) ȵᩃᅊ׋ɌɩȲʱ⏋ഗᔀʦዛࡎˁဳɤɩଝᥐɲ೛ᰩʦ˽̠̒˪ɭɌɩᰩʏʳ⏏ ʚɛధמዛɴȲʭʉ˥̨˱ (tulu) ᰖʢ᭦ಁ஛ᮃɐʳ⏏ ǵɄɹʭȩɴ⏋޽ዛ޽෵ɲඨ႒ȵᰩᅎɭɌɩգᅎɇʶɩȦʳȵ⏋ɭȼɴᩂឹɲʢɹɻ̶˙˭ ɭ͇̾ɫȡʳ⏏̶˙˭ʦ͇̾ɹᅊʱॷɫ⏋ɛȼɇ˃ɹؚዲȵೝ৺ɫȷʳɭȷɴɻ⏋ࡴзᮃᘺɹ ٞᦇʦɗʶʰȵ޽ȼᕶᅊɌɩȦʳݭଘɴ˥͑Ͳ̺ˁɦȼɤɩᇵ˃ɴ஛ᮃˁȲɄɲȩ⏏Ʉʶʰɻ ɭʢɴ 6 ೐ά౜ȴʰ 8 ೐Ϋ౜ɴᐄࡸɐʳ⏏Ʉɹ࡚፲ɻ⏋ɭȼɴ soko pekie ⏃̸̒˹͖͇Ͳ˳ͻ ɹ࡚፲⏆ȡʳȦɻ soko mabe ⏃͇̾ɹ࡚፲⏆ɭៜؖɇʶʳɄɭȴʰʢ⏋̶˙˭ʦ͇̾ɹᩂឹɇ ˁȩȴȵȩɄɭȵɫȷʳ⏏ɛɞɌɄʶʰɻ⏋ຘॷȲɲɍʭȩɴᐄࡸɐʳʼȿɫɻɲȼ⏋ॷɴʭ ʳؚዲᩄɹेȵᘿɌȦ⏏̀ͻ̜̓̒͞͹ˏͲ˹ˏͲɹٞᦇɫɻ⏋2001 ॷɴɻθᓔɭʢᢌсɫ ȡɤɛȵ⏋2002 ॷɴɻ̶˙˭ɻᢌсɞɤɛʢɹɹ͇̾ɻʓɭ˃ɰࡸʰɑ⏋2003 ॷɴȦɛɤɩ ɻ̶˙˭ʢ͇̾ʢʚɤɛȼؚዲɇʶɲȴɤɛ⏏ ǵ̶˙˭ɻഗᔀ (leka) ɭዛࡎ (la) ɹθ౅ȵᰩʏʰʶʳȵ⏋ςɴգᅎɇʶʳɹɻዛࡎɫȡʳ⏏ ̶˙˭ȵᘺഗɐʳ࡚፲ɴɲʳɭ⏋ߨਸɛɠɻ೛ 6 ಁɄʸȴʰ஛ᮃɴʞȴȩ⏏1 ঎ɴ 20⑯30 kg ɹഗࡸˁ஛ᮃɌ⏋1 ౗ɴ 2⑯3 ঎ʢ஛ᮃɌɩȼʳϺȵȦʳ⏏ᮃᘺȴʰᦏȦɭȷɻ஛ᮃɌɛ̶˙ ˭ˁπɅɭᎢ (gie) ɴԂʶɩࢃʚɫ୫ɠॠʳȵ⏋ɇʰɴ᧙ȼɴɲʳɭගɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ɴው֪Ɍɩ ஛ᮃˁᐚȿʳɄɭɴɲʳ⏏̶˙˭ˁᮃʠʳɭ⏋ʚɑഗࡸˁ࣢Ւɫ 2 ɦɴւɤɩᔜϖˁ؜ʱɞ ɐ⏏ɗʶˁ౗ॵɌɲɰɫϗၥɇɓɩѳࡔɐʳ⏏ȡʳዐ঎ɹᩄȵɛʚɤɛɭɄʸɫ⏋৔တɫȡ ʉɤɛ৿⏋ᕼ (kingili) ɫɦʉɐɭໞᔩՕȵྥʛɞɌɩ⏋ɰʸɰʸɴɲʳ⏏ɗʶȵԳʠɩܔʚɤ ɛʢɹˁѳࡔɌɩȲȷ⏋ᔀɲɰˁ၊ʳ᭬ɴձʱɭɤɩᠭ٢షɭɌɩգᅎɐʳɹɫȡʳ⏏ഗᔀ ɻ⏋ࡎњɹȲʦɦዐ঎ɴɌȴգᅎɇʶɲȦ⏏˓͡ʹˑͲ˧ˏዀɹЈɹዛᰖɹዛࡎʢ⏋ɐʱɦʉ Ɍɩໞᔩᠭ٢షɭɌɩьᅎɐʳȵ⏋̶˙˭ʓɰ߂ᩄɹؚዲɻɲȦ⏏ ǵᅆȼɩ߂ȷɲഗᔀˁʢɦ͇̾ɹഗࡸɻ߫˃ɫᰩʏʰʶʳ⏏ഗᔀˁᰩʏɛ৿⏋๿ɤɛዛˁ౗ॵ ɌɴɌɩϗၥɇɓʳ⏏ȡʳዐ঎ɹᩄȵɛʚʳɭ⏋ຐˁւɤɩᔜϖˁ؜ʱɞɌɩ৔တɫȡʉɤɩ ȴʰ⏋ᕼɫ୹ȦɩྥʛɞɌɛໞ (mita mabe) ˁଝɫோʱɭʳ⏏๿ʱྞɻԗʃတɴȴȿ⏋ɇʰɴ 1⑯2 ঎ໞˁோʱɭʳ⏏๿ʱྞɴɻ೑ນ႒ᣒ⏃˵̢ͅͲ⏆ȵيʚʶɩȦʳɹɫᰩʏɲȦ⏏ ɗɹʓȴ⏋ᰈᑢɴᰩʏʰʶʳˡ̠ɻ⏋ගɹɲȴɴປᥒᇕʚ˃ʏ˃ɲȼՕ॒ɌɩȲʱ⏋ʚɛؚ ዲೝɲɰɹ࡚፲޴׋ʢࢹɲȦ⏏ˡ̠ɹᔜϖɻዷᕊಁɹ˽̠̒˪ɭɌɩᩂࡷɇʶʳ⏏ᠨʢȵˡ̠

ɹปೠȵȡʳݭଘˁȲʖȭɩȲʱ⏋ගˁ๰ȦɩȦʳɭȷɴɻɗɄɫХ૜Ɍɩˡ̠ˁᰩʏʳɄɭ ȵ޽Ȧ⏏ ǵɄʶʰɹᩃᅊඨ႒ɹɲȴɴɻϯ౫ɹࢪᢒɭɲʳʢɹʢȡʳ⏏̶˙˭ɻᔜϖˁϗၥɇɓɛ Ⴅ઴⏋͇̾ɻዛࡎɲȦɌໞɹႥ઴ɫڧϺɴެʳ⏏̶˙˭ɻ 2Ͱɹ̓˗͡ 1 ഄ⏃1⑯1.5 kg⏆ɫ 500 Fcfa⏋͇̾ɹໞɻ 1Ͱȵ 1,000 Fcfa ɫȡɤɛ⏏ʚɛ⏋˧Ͳ̫ʦˏ̶͠ˡ˹͚˗ˤɹഗࡸ (tondo) ʢ⏋̓˗͡ 1 ഄˁ 250⑯500 Fcfa ዐ঎ɫڧϺȵᢷ؜ɤɩȦȼ⏏ɭȷɴɻᦏȼɴзʞᦅ ᓚ຦ȵɄʶʰɹᅋ႒ɭ̜˗͐ͦ˱˹ʦ˥͑̒˵̫ɲɰɹᦅс႒ɭϯழɐʳɛʠɴ៮ʶʳɄɭʢ ȡʳ⏏ 3.3.3ȁགྠ̤͍͢ྫୢ್൲໤ ǵගɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ʍው֪ɐʳɭȷ⏋Ї஘ȿɛɻɷᒘˁʛɩ܌ʳɭȷ⏋֪႒ɹ᣸ᤄˁᦠᤄɐʳɭȷ ɲɰ⏋̫ˡȵගˁ๰ȼɭȷɴɻ।ɴᜂɹᒽᯭɴᓡˁɐʚɌ⏋ᰈᑢɴปΫɴᇿˁʦɤɩ⏋ुȴʰ ՏԂʱɐʳᜍᜂɹࠒˁஜɌɩȦʳ⏏ʚɛ⏋ปɹ൓ӯɹܤˁଝɴɭɤɩ⏋ɗɹɲȴɴᜍᜂɹ๷Ზ (libenji) ʦɗɹుႅȵཌྷɍɤɩȦɲȦȴɰȩȴተȴʠʳ⏏ ǵᜂɹुȴʰᜂᜍˁ஛ᮃɐʳݭغ⏋ुʚɫᙶȵɭɰȦɩȦʶɽ⏋ɗʶˁɦɛɤɩɹʖɤɩȦ ȼ⏏᧟য়ɲᙶȵɲȿʶɽ⏋ೠɗɹʢɹˁՖʱ҉ɐ⏏஛ᮃɌɛᜂᜍˁȦʶʳᎢ (pendi)⏋кˁఌ ȭʳͦͻ̺ (yenda)⏋၁ɫᜍᜂˁȦʉɐɛʠɹഘᘽɹ೺ (yanji)⏋஛ɤɛᜂᜍˁᒞȼఫ႒ (yalo)⏋ ᜂᜍˁ˥͑Ͳ̺ʍ୫ɠॠʳ׃ʛ⏃ngili/mobabo/gba ߂ȷɇɴʭɤɩ٧ዌȵᅵɲʳ⏆ɲɰ⏋ా (kopa) Г޺ɹ᧑ԍɻɐʏɩٞᦇɹඨ႒ȴʰɗɹݭɫɦȼʰʶʳ⏏೎ᦏɻ̺͞˽̘ˑ̒˪នɹ ̫˭̓ɲɰȵଝɴԂʳɛʠȡʚʱգᅎɌɲȦʭȩɞȵ⏋Gilbertiodendron dewevrei ɹปᇤˁᅎ ȦɩᜂᜍˁѳࡔɌɩȲȼࢅ۬ (mokobe) ˁɦȼʳɄɭʢȡʳ⏏

ǵᜂᜍɴɻ⏋ˏ̶͠ˡ̫͊̓̍ (tongia; Apis adansonii) ɹᜍ (poki) ɭ⏋ɐɄɌᨧ٢ɹȡʳ̩ ̠͠˹̫̍ϩዀ (Meliponinae) ɹᜂ (dandu, mopapele, molengi, pende, etc.) ɹᜍ⏃ᜂɹؿմɭ ؾؿ⏆ȵȡʳ⏏̩̠͠˹̫̍ɹᜍɻ೎ʢ߂݀ɹ̋Ͳ̝˕ (dandu) Г޺ɹʢɹȵ஛ᮃɇʶʳɄ ɭɻዎɫȡʳ⏏ᜍɹ٢ɻ⏋ᜍ྇ɹඨ႒ɴʭɤɩ᧓ɤɩȲʱ⏋̨̦͌˥ዀɹ̫͌͞ˡ (mbalaka;

Pentaclethra macrophylla) ɹᜍɻ⏋ʢɤɭʢᅆȼ߫ʚʶʳ⏏̜˗̋˓˫˵ዀɹ͐ͲˤͲ̫

(mongamba; Dichostemma glaucescens) ɹᜍɻ⏋᥹٢ȵȡʳɛʠȡʚʱ߫ʚʶɲȦ⏏ʚɛ⏋͇ ͍ዀ⏃͇͍̅͞ϩዀ⏆ɹ̫͐˓ (mobay; Pericopsis elata) ɹᜍˁȡɦʠɛ̋Ͳ̝˕ˁᰩʏʳɭ⏋ ᨙɴᨚɤɛʭȩɲઢɍɴɲʳɭȦȩ⏏̫ˡɻ 2 ɦГΫɹᜍȵཌྷɊɤɩȦʳݭغɫʢ⏋ɗʶə ʶɹᜍ྇ȵлɫȡʳȴʼȴʳɭȦȩ⏏

ǵᰩᅎɭɲʳံᔯඩ֪႒ɫɻ⏋ˏˠ˧͠ዀɹ̫̝ (gbado; Triplochiton scleroxylon)⏋˵ˤ͠ ̫̠ዀɹ̓̅ (boso; Petersianthus macrocarpus)⏋˹̨̠˥ዀɹͲ˫͇͡ (nguluma; Duboscia

macrocarpa)⏋ ́ Ͳ ̋ Ͳ ዀ ɹ ̓ ͜ (boyo; Entandrophragma cylindricum)⏋ ˡ Ͳ ˤ (kaanga;

Uapaca spp.) ɲɰɹปೠɴɦȼ౤ᛚɹॾᛚ (kopo) ˁᰩʏʳ⏏؅հɭɌɩɗʶəʶɹॾᛚɻป ೠɹؿմɭؾɍؿዌ⏃ɛɭȭɽ kopo gbado⏆ɫʭɽʶʳ⏏ᠭീೝᬚμɴࡸ᭬ɴ៎࢘Ɍɛɹɻ⏋ ̫̝⏋̓͜⏋ˡͲˤɹ 3 ዛɹʛɫȡɤɛ⏏Ʉɹʓȴ̶͞ˑˏ͓˹ (peke; Raphia spp.) ʦˏ̸ ͓͞˹ɹॻɹɲȴɴȦʳᅔᛚɹॾᛚ (pose⏋kpokolo) ʦ⏋˹ͦˏ͠ (bandi)⏋ˏ̶͠ˡ͇˓͇˓ (mbembe) ɲɰʢ⏋᭦ಁ஛ᮃɌɩᰩʏʳ⏏ 3.4ȁݽႻ ǵाɹອᩄȵཝʳϗ࡚ɴɲʳɭ⏋೴ᘺٞᦇɹࢸाʦ೴ɹ׫౅ˁ༑ʶʳͤ̾ाɴɗɗȽࢸाɲɰ ɫ⏋ߨਸɛɠȵ 2⑯3 ౗ɴ 1 ঎⏋நȦՏɌྫ (nguma) ˁȲɄɲȩ⏏2 ⑯3 Ϻɹ˫͡ͻ̺ɴʼȴ ʶɩाˁɓȷ๬ʠ⏋̫˭̓ʦ˪̀˗˱Ͳዀɹ߂ȷɲᘽˁᅎȦɩອˁநȦՏɐ⏏ʚʶɴ 10 kg ɠ ȴȦ̚Ͳ˥̠͇̀ (gbigbi; Malapterurus electricus) ȵɭʶʳɄɭʢȡʳȵ⏋კ႒ɹ߂ץɻкᬏ 5 cm ȴʰ 10 cm ዐ঎ɹ᳋ (si) ʦ˛̲ (kaanji) ɫȡʳ⏏ ǵᅖਸʢͤ̾ाʦ̝˕͇Ͳ˳˓ाʍᩑʱ (njenje) ɴ᝔ȼɄɭȵȡʳȵ⏋ᒘჃʦᅣЇϟɹغᬚɴ ȲɄɲȩዐ঎ɫȡʱ⏋ȡȼʚɫជ֖ᇕɲᅊ෌ɫȡʳ⏏ɛɞ⏋ගˁᬏಁᬚው֪Ɍɩ޹౅˥͑Ͳ̺ ɴɦȦɛɭȷɲɰɴ޹ᰩᅎɹᔀȵɲȦɄɭȵȡʱ⏋ɗɹʭȩɲɭȷɻࢹॷɛɠȵᩑʱˁɐʳ⏏ ధϺɫȲɄɲȭɽɐȽɴ 10 יዐ঎ɹࢸ᳋ˁᩑʳɄɭȵɫȷʳ⏏ɗɹʓȴ⏋̈˗ʦˡͩ˓̨˹ ˹ˁ҉Ɍɛɭȷɴ⏋ɗɹᔀˁᰩʏʳɄɭˁኧ๬ɇʶɩȦʳϺɛɠɻ᳋ˁᩑɤɩᰩʏʳ⏏Ʉɹʭ ȩɴዷᕊಁɹᰩȦɦɲȹɹᰩ႒ɭɌɩ᳋ɻᩂឹɫȡʱ⏋Stearman ␩1991␭ɻၖय़ᮒകɴȲȿ ʳŋkeystone resourceŌɭɌɩɹ᳋ɹᩂឹਸˁ୭௎ɌɩȦʳ⏏ ǵɌȴɌᖂ٢ཉȦɄɭɴ⏋̫ˡɹᅖɛɠɻᩑᩍˁధ҅ɑɦɌȴʢɤɩȦɲȦ⏏ɗɹᩑᩍʢ⏋ा ঈɴໍ˃ɫȦʳೠɹഘɲɰɴৄɤ஘ȿɩɌʚȩɲɰɌɩɐȽɴံȼɌɩɌʚȩɹɫȡʳȵ⏋ɗ ʶɴʢȴȴʼʰɑዩෑᇕɴជӱɌʭȩɭɻɌɲȦ⏏ගɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ɫᰩ႒ȵ๕ϋɌɛɭȷ⏋ଁϺ ᅖਸȵʚɑȲɄɲȩɹɻᜂᜍஜɌɫȡʳ⏏৳ʰɹᬚɴɻ⏋ࢸ᳋ɻߨਸʦࢹॷȵკɤɩȼʳʢɹ ɞɭȦȩ᠗ᡫȵȡʳʭȩɫȡʳ⏏

ǵɄɹʓȴ⏋̜˭˓̅˗ዀɹ͐Ͳ˳Ͳ̓ (mongombo; Millettia sanagana) ʦˡ˥̨˥ዀɹ̓ͦ ˏ (mboloa; Diospyros canaliculata)⏋́Ͳ̋Ͳዀɹˏ˵͇ (asama; Turraeanthus africanus) ɲ ɰɹปᇤˁبȷɦʉɌɩाɴ༑Ɍɩ᳋ນྫˁȲɄɲȩɭȦȩ᠌ʢᓬȦɛȵ⏋ᠭീೝᬚμɴɻࡸ ేɇʶɲȴɤɛ⏏ ǵ̫ˡȵȲɄɲȩྫ֝ɻࢸៀฐɲʢɹɫȡʳȵ⏋᭰೴ɹ͇ͤˏ͹ˏͲ˹ˏͲ೴ɴз˃ɫȦʳᦅ ᓚ຦ɹ˱̠̾Ͳ̾ɻ⏋̾̒˪ाɹໜᅤɴᮃᘺˁɦȼɤɩᐨˁᅎȦɩᇵ˃ɴྫ֝ˁȲɄɲɤɩȦ ʳ⏏ʚɛ৳ʰɻ⏋ϗ࡚ɴɲʳɭ̾̒˪ाˁˡ̤ͻɫ 30 km ȴʰ 40 km ʓɰάɤɛɭɄʸɴ˥͑ Ͳ̺ˁɦȼʱ⏋Ꮔ֐ᇕɴྫ֝ˁۊ˃ɫȦʳ⏏ 3.5ȁ෠ࣈ ǵࡴзᮃᘺɴྡྷܧɌɩȦʳᬚɹ̫ˡɹᅊ෌༎֪ɹμਕɻᦅ෌ɫȡʱ⏋ຘ౗ɹᰩ႒ɭɌɩʢɤ

ɭʢ޽ȼգᅎɇʶɩȦʳɹȵ⏋ᕶʰൕݛɌɛ̺͞Ͳ̘Ͳˁɻɍʠɭɐʳᦅс႒ɫȡʳ⏏̀ͻ ̜̓̒͞͹ˏͲ˹ˏͲ೴ɹ̫ˡɻ⏋عγय़ 1⑯2 ፆɹᅣ (gbie) ˁʢɤɩȦʳ⏏ᅣɫɻ⏋ςɴ̺ ͞Ͳ̘Ͳ (ndo; Musa spp.) ˁൕݛɌɩȲʱ⏋˥͑̒˵̫ (boma; Maniot esculenta) ˁൕݛɌɩ Ȧʳγय़ɻץధɴɐȹɲȦ⏏˥͑̒˵̫ɹᘽ (jabuka) ʢᰈᑢɴᰩᅎɴɐʳ⏏ᦅᓚ຦ɹᅣɫɅ ȼಔᦲɴʛʰʶʳ̒͞ˡ́˓ (wono; Arachis hypogaea) ʦ̜˗͐ͦ˱˹ (mbombo; Zea mays)⏋ ˱˱͓͌ (langa; Xanthosoma sagitifolium)⏋˵͇̓˓͐ (mebuta; Ipomoea batatas) ˁൕݛɌ ɩȦʳγय़ɻధକȡʳȵ⏋Ȧɑʶʢȷʼʠɩࢸៀฐɫȡʳ⏏ᮃᘺɹٞᦇʦᅣɴɻ̜˗ˤ͞˹ (alamba; Capsicum annuum) ȵᅊȭɩȲʱ⏋ᠭ٢షɭɌɩᩂࡷɇʶʳ⏏ȴɦɩ˱̠̾Ͳ̾ȵൕ ݛɌɩȦɛɭȦȩˡˡˠᅣʦ˱ͻ̯ͻᅣȵᮃᘺٞᦇɴဣܧɌɩȦʳȵ⏋ჼܧɫɻఔᒞɇʶɛʚ ʚɫȡʳ⏏ ǵс႒ɻᎎ׬ɴషჿ⏃ᇤˁʞȦɩʪɫʳ⏆Ɍɩᕶࢃ༥ᢹɐʳ⏏ᦅᓚ຦ɴʛʰʶʳʭȩɲ⏋̫̜ Ͳ͹̝͹̢͇ˠ˪⏃timekuma; ˥͑̒˵̫ˁɦʉɌɩඑႥɴɌɩᙜɌɛʢɹ⏆ʦ˥͑̒˵̫Ꭼ ⏃bala; ᑇʱᎹɹೳష⏆⏋ᨙ (manio) ɲɰɹ֓ूᰩڃɻʚɤɛȼɦȼʰɲȦ⏏ 3.6ȁ̷͈ఈ ǵГΫɴᦚʏɩȷɛʭȩɲᅊ༎Г޺ɹჼᩆკ਄༎֪ɭɌɩ⏋ᅖਸɻვᔀˁᢷȩڧϺɴћᰉɇ ʶɩගɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ɫɹᔀɹᢷЊȿˁȲɄɲȩ⏏ݬᨢɻᔀɹᩄʦᤂᮐɴਝɍɩ޴׋ɐʳȵ⏋৵ ਋ 1,000⑯2,000 Fcfa ዐ঎ɫȡʳ⏏ߨਸɻ˪̀˗˱ͲዀɹͲ˳Ͳ˳ (ngongo; Megaphrynium

macrostachyum) ʦ̲͠ (bili; Marantochloa sp.) ɹᗡᇤˁᑂ˃ɫ⏋̸Ͳ˫ (bungu) ɭʭɽʶʳ

ɅɊˁɦȼʱ⏋ɗʶˁ 1 ഖȡɛʱ 1,000 Fcfa ɫެɤɩȦʳ⏏ʚɛᦅᓚ຦ʦ೎ᦏᠭീ೴ɴᬏೝ ྡྷܧɐʳʭȩɴɲɤɛڧϺȴʰ⏋ᅣс෌ɹଝШȦʦল፷с෌ˁћᰉɇʶʳɄɭʢȡʱ⏋ɗɹࢪ ѝɭɌɩɻᨙȵ୷ᖏʼʶʳɹȵʈɦȩɫȡʳ⏏ɌȴɌ⏋̀ͻ̜̓̒͞͹ˏͲ˹ˏͲ೴ɴ।зɐ ʳᦅᓚ຦ɻ 2 γय़ɌȴȲʰɑ⏋ɗȩɌɛลЦɻᭉʰʶɩȦʳ⏏ ǵɗɹʓȴɹჼᩆؚԂ྇ɭɌɩɻՏዠȹȵȡʳ⏏ՏዠȹɹЇϟɻ⏋ˡˡˠʦ˱ͻ̯ͻ⏋̒͞ˡ ́˓ɹൕݛ͹ؚዲɹଝШȦʦ⏋͜ˡ̝˕͇ʦФ஛ݜܩɫɹࢃϟʦάӈȷɲɰɹᮊ৲ɫȡʳ⏏ೝ ᬚɻɞȦɛȦ 3Ͷ೐ȴʰץॷዐ঎ɫȡʳ⏏ᠭീ೴ɹʓɭ˃ɰɹϺȵ⏋͜ˡ̝˕͇ʦ̀ͻ̓̒͞ ̜͹̤̓ͻ೴ɲɰɫՏዠȹˁɌɛᐁᱻȵȡʳ⏏ɄɹʭȩɲՏዠȹɴɻೡࠦɹࢹॷࢹߨȵਃϟɐ ʳɄɭȵ޽Ȧȵ⏋߅ࠨɫՏዠȹɴՏȴȿʳɄɭʢȡʳ⏏

4ȅಿܢਃၶनਬ࣐ȪκυϋΌȫ

4.1ȁ৘ঔܢۼȆાਫ਼͂४ح৪ ǵ12 ೐ɴԂʳɭᮒȵࢹɲȼɲʱϗ࡚ȵȲɭɑʶʳ⏏2001 ॷɹ 12 ೐ά౜ȴʰ⏋̫ˡɛɠɻ޺ ᨆȴʰȷɛ᪄ɹଘ೑ᓔɴћᰉɇʶɩ⏋͇ˡ⏃߂݀ვɹႵჃ⏆ˁ 3 ܌ȲɄɲɤɛ⏏2 ೐Ϋ౜ɴɗ ʶȵᏺʼʳɭ͐ͦͲ˳ɴՏʳɄɭɴɲɤɛ⏏

ǵ2 ೐ 13 ౗ɴӴ᧛᭢ȵՏᇍɌ⏋ɗɹ౗ɻ೴ȴʰ׫ആɴ 5 km ȼʰȦɴȡʳͤ̾ाɹໜᅤɴ ˥͑Ͳ̺ˁɦȼɤɛ⏃ܒ 3 ⏆⏏ɗɄɴ 2 ໩Ɍɛȡɭ⏋́Ͳ˻ (Honji) ाɹᅤɴ˥͑Ͳ̺ˁɦȼ ʱ⏋ɗɄɫ৿ᐚˁ৺ɤɛ⏏́Ͳ˻ाɴྡྷܧɌɩȦʳᬚɴ⏋ɐʏɩɹؒ֓ᓔȵᮃغɌɛ⏏Ʉʶ Гᭇ⏋̫̊˱ˁଝɴԂʶʳɛʠɴ⏋2 Ϻɹᅖਸȵ 6 ౗ᬚ˥͑Ͳ̺ˁᮐʶɛɄɭȵ 1 ঎ȡɤɛ ȵ⏋ɗʶГ޺ɴɻ˥͑Ͳ̺ɭࡴзᮃᘺɭɹᬚɴ̫ˡɹ᝔ȷഀɻɲȴɤɛ⏏́Ͳ˻ाᅤɫ 7 ໩ Ɍɛȡɭ⏋1 ঎ɴ 5 km ȼʰȦɑɦው֪Ɍɲȵʰ⏋ᩃᅊ͓͌ɹ˵̶ˎȵɛȼɇ˃ȡʳɭȦȩ ˻̶͑ͦ˙ (Jalope) ाɹ༑ݖʍكȴɤɛ⏏˻̶͑ͦ˙ाɴᬏೝྡྷܧɐʳϜࡴɫȡɤɛʭȩɞ ȵ⏋ɗɄȴʰɻ˵̶ˎɹ஛ᮃݭଘȵ᧙ȦɭȦȩɄɭɫ⏋1 ɦά༑ɫ̾̒˪ाɴ໶Ƚ͐Ͳ˫Ͳ˫ (Mongungu) ाɴው֪Ɍɛ⏏ʢɤɭʢɲȵȼྡྷܧɌɛɹɻɄɹ͐Ͳ˫Ͳ˫ाɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ɫ⏋غ ៟ 43 ໩Ɍɛ⏏ɌȴɌ⏋ɗɄɴզ᧒ɐʳʚɫɴ 8Ͷଘɫ˥͑Ͳ̺ˁȲɄɲȦ⏋غ៟ 24 ໩Ɍɩ Ȧʳ⏏೴ɴॠʳɭȷɴɻ 2 ɦɹ˫͡ͻ̺ɴՕȴʶ⏋1 ɦɻܒ 3 ɴኍɌɛ᧑ˁᦲʱ⏋ʢȩ 1 ɦ ɻʦɤɩȷɛɹɭؾɍ᧑ˁᦲɤɛȵ⏋Ȧɑʶʢ 1 ᦼᬚГԒɫ೴ɴզመɌɛ⏏͐ͦͲ˳ɹԃೝ ᬚɻ⏋73 ໩ 74 ౗ᬚɫȡɤɛ⏏ ǵɠɲʛɴ⏋೴ȴʰʚɤɐȽɴ͐Ͳ˫Ͳ˫ाɴكȴȭɽ⏋ߨਸɫʢ 3 ౗ᇿɴɻመȼɄɭȵɫ ȷʳ⏏ɲɕ޽ȼɹ౗ధˁ᧑μɫ᧌ɅɌɛɹȴɻ⏋Ё৿͐ͦͲ˳ɹ኏ЦᇕɲүᯆˁᓒૅɴԂʶɩ ද២ɌɲȿʶɽɲʰɲȦکᰍɫȡʳȵ⏋ɄɄɫɻɇɌȡɛɤɩ⏋͐ͦͲ˳ɴɻΥਝᇿᇕܩɭɇ ଎ 3 ȁκυϋΌ͈਽ฑ౷͂తहܢۼȪ2002 ාȫ

ʶʳݭଘȵȡʳʢɹɹ⏋ᜂᜍʦᩃᅊ͓͌ɲɰ౗Ǿɹᰩ႒ˁஜɌɲȵʰගɫው֪ᅊ༎ˁȲȼʳɄ ɭʢ⏋͐ͦͲ˳ɹᩂឹɲүᯆɫȡʳɄɭˁ୭௎ɌɩȲȼ⏏ ǵ͐ͦͲ˳ȵࡸేɇʶɛɭȷ⏋̀ͻ̜̓̒͞͹ˏͲ˹ˏͲɴɻ 29 γय़4) ȵྡྷܧɌɩȲʱ⏋ɗ ɹȩɠ 19 γय़⏋89 Ϻȵ͐ͦͲ˳ɴؒ֓Ɍɛ⏏ɗɹԒ៱ɻౖࠦᅖਸ 17 Ϻ⏋ౖࠦߨਸ 22 Ϻ⏋ 12 ๳ГΫɹೡࠦᓔ 14 Ϻ⏋2 ๳ȴʰ 12 ๳ɹࡎњ 27 Ϻ⏋ϖӻ 9 Ϻɫȡʳ⏏ɲȲ͐ͦͲ˳ೝᬚ μɴϖӻȵ 1 Ϻ᠚ᅊɌɛ͐ͦͲ˳ɴؒ֓Ɍɲȴɤɛγय़ɹȩɠ 8 γय़ɻ⏋3 ɦɹ˫͡ͻ̺ɴ Օȴʶɩ⏋ɗʶəʶɹɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ɴྡྷܧɌɩȦɛ⏏๿ʱɹ 2 γय़ɻࡴзᮃᘺɹᦏȼɴ ๿ɤɩᦅс෌ɴਃϟɌɩȦɛ⏏ ǵ1 ɦɹࡴзᮃᘺɴಬʰɐ̫ˡɹॶܯϺధɻ 50 Ϻዐ঎ɫȡʳɄɭ␩Sato 1992; Tsuru 1998␭⏋ ʚɛᦲ।ɹɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ɹॶܯ˵˓̀ȵ 2.4 γय़ 10 Ϻዐ঎ɫȡʳɄɭˁᓒȭʳɭ⏋Ʉɹ ͐ͦͲ˳ɹ˥͑Ͳ̺˵˓̀⏃89 Ϻ⏆ɻȴɲʱ߂ȷȦɄɭȵʼȴʳ⏏ 4.2ȁκυϋΌ͈́඾ș͈ڰ൲͂ാ౷၌ဥ ǵ˥͑Ͳ̺ˁው֪ɐʳ౗ɻ⏋೛ 8 ಁɄʸɴɻᗼ႒ˁʚɭʠɩՏᇍɐʳ⏏᧑μɫɻ⏋ᜂᜍʦᩃ ᅊ͓͌ˁஜɌɲȵʰ⏋ՕతɌɛʱᮃغɌɛʱɌɲȵʰᦽ˃ɫȦȼ⏏ɞȦɛȦ౾ɐȹɴɲʳɭ⏋ ˥͑Ͳ̺ܩˁໆʠʳ⏏ߨɛɠɻ⏋̝ͻ͌݀ɹᎎᏬɲࢸ࣒ (mongulu) ˁɦȼʱɻɍʠ⏋ᅖɛɠ ɻკ႒ˁஜɌɴՏȴȿʳ⏏᧑μɫᜂᜍˁ஛ᮃɌɛʱ⏋კ႒ˁᦠᤄɌɛʱɌɩ⏋᧑ˁɗʶɛᅖɛ ɠɻ⏋޹౅ᧆȼɴɲɤɩ˥͑Ͳ̺ɴզመɐʳɄɭʢȡʳ⏏ ǵЁ܌ɹ͐ͦͲ˳ɫɻ⏋͐Ͳ˫Ͳ˫ाɴመȼʚɫɻɻɷᒘჃɻȲɄɲʼɲȴɤɛ⏏ɗɹȴʼʱ ɴ⏋ᅖɛɠɻᜂᜍˁၖਕɴ஛ᮃɌɩȦɛ⏏ʚɛ⏋೴޺ȴʰʦɤɩȷɛ᪄ɹଘ೑ᓔȴʰ͞˓̶͡ ᪄ˁ 1 ɦࠇ៧ɇʶɩȦɛɹɫ⏋߂݀ვɹ᣸ᤄˁᇍឿɐʳɭ 5⑯10 ϺɹႵჃ܎ˁᑂଁɌɩႵჃ ɴكȴɤɛ⏏ధϺɴʭʳࢸៀฐɲᮃ܎ᇕ෱ჃʢᰈᑢɴȲɄɲʼʶɛ⏏ ǵ͐Ͳ˫Ͳ˫ाɴզመɐʳɭ⏋ɻɷᒘჃˁɻɍʠɛ⏏៊ࡎʦӰ৉ؾަȵΥᏼɴɲʱ⏋˥͑Ͳ̺ ȴʰఔࢮႥɴԃᨆɫ 7 ɦɹɻɷᒘ͡ͻ̜ȵ៯ȿʰʶɛ⏃ܒ 4 ⏆⏏ɗʶəʶɹ͡ͻ̜ɹᬏɇɻ⏋ ˥͑Ͳ̺ȴʰ 2⑯4 km ȼʰȦɫȡɤɛ⏏ᒘȵ៯ᒞɇʶɛ፴ܑɻ⏋˥͑Ͳ̺ȴʰʓʖሁ৹ 3 km ГԒɹܩݖɴȲɇʚɤɩȦʳ⏏ᒘɹឿ܌ʱɻ 3 ౗ɴ 1 ܌ዐ঎ɹւغɫȲɄɲɤɩȦɛ⏏˻͑ ̶ͦ˙ाɭ͐Ͳ˫Ͳ˫ाɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ɫɻ⏋ߨɛɠȵ 2⑯3 ౗ɴ 1 ঎⏋˵̶ˎɹ஛ᮃɴɫȴȿɩ Ȧɛ⏏ᒴᅊɌɩȦʳ˵̶ˎɹ஛ᮃɻ⏋Ȧɤɛ˃ɗɹݭଘˁʛɦȿʳɭ⏋ගˁஜᏮɐʳɭȦȩʭ ʱʢ஛ᮃݭɴᦲȩɭȦɤɛઢȵȡʳ⏏ᰈᑢɴ஛ᮃɇʶɛܩݖɻܒ 4 ɴኍɌɩȦʳʭȩɴ⏋˥͑ Ͳ̺ȴʰ 2⑯3 km ዐ঎ɹܩݖɴȡɤɛ⏏ГΫȴʰ⏋͐Ͳ˫Ͳ˫ाɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ɴȲȦɩᮃμᇕ 4) Ʉɹγय़ధɻ⏋2.1 ɫᦚʏɛ 35 γय़⏃2003 ॷ 8 ೐⏆ʭʱࢹɲȦȵ⏋Ʉʶɻ͐ͦͲ˳ȵȲɄɲʼʶɛ 2002 ॷ 2 ೐ɴɻ⏋Ј೴ˁᬏೝᬚ⏃2Ͷ೐⑯8 ॷ⏆៮کɲȦɌውзɹɛʠɴ 5 γय़ȵέܧɫȡʱ⏋ʚɛ͐ͦͲ˳ȵᏺʼɤɛ ৿ 1 ϺɹࢹॷȵᐄࠦɌɛɛʠɫȡʳ⏏

ɴգᅎɇʶɛܤܩɻ30⑯40 km2⏃6 kmÌ6 km ዐ঎⏆ɫȡʳɭᓒȭɩʭȦɞʸȩ⏏ ǵ͐Ͳ˫Ͳ˫ाɴզመɐʳʚɫɻ⏋ధ౗ɴ 1 ঎⏋˥͑Ͳ̺ˁው֪ɌɩȦɛȵ⏋Υ౅ɫ͐Ͳ˫ Ͳ˫ाɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ɫɻ⏋ᮃμᇕɲܤܩգᅎȵɲɇʶɛ⏏ගɹɲȴɫɹው֪ᅊ༎ɭȦɤɩʢ⏋ග ˁܯΥɴգᅎɐʳɭȦȩʼȿɫɻɲȼ⏋˛˪˽̘Ͳ˹ʹ (extensive) ɴգᅎɐʳᨆՕɭ⏋˓Ͳ ̘Ͳ˹ʹ (intensive) ɴգᅎɐʳᨆՕȵȡʳ⏏Ʉɹʭȩɲܤܩգᅎɹȡʱȴɛɻ⏋ගɹɲȴɹᣂ ྇Օ॒ˁؙ౱ɌɩȦʳɭᓒȭʰʶʳȵ⏋ɄʶɴɦȦɩɻ⏋৿ɫද២ɐʳ⏏ ǵʚɛ⏋߂ៀฐɲ˥͑Ͳ̺ˁɦȼʳ͐ͦͲ˳ɫȡʳȵ⏋̸̘͌ˑʦˏˡȵȲɄɲȩᐨჃɹʭȩ ɴɛȼɇ˃ɹϺᬚȵؒ֓ɐʳתؾс෌ȵȲɄɲʼʶʳʼȿɫɻɲȼ⏋҅ǾϺɹ౗Ǿɹᅊ෌༎֪ ɻ⏋ɻɷᒘɹឿ܌ʱʦ⏋ᜂᜍஜɌȵ߂ץˁװʠɩȦɛ⏏ɦʚʱ⏋͐ͦͲ˳ɴɻ߂Ϻధȵؒ֓ɐ ʳɭȦɤɩʢ⏋ᅊ෌༎֪ɴᬠɌɩɻ⏋ɑɤɭࢸៀฐɲ˵˓̀ɫȡʳɻɷᒘჃ˥͑Ͳ̺ɭɛȦɌ ɩ޴ʼʰɲȦᅊ༎ˁȲȼɤɩȦɛɹɫȡʳ⏏ 4.3ȁਃၶ଼͈ض 4.3.1ȁ͉͇᤭ၶ ǵ͐Ͳ˫Ͳ˫ाɹ˥͑Ͳ̺ɫɻ 43 ໩Ɍɛȵ⏋ᒘȵЇ஘ȿʰʶɻɍʠɩȴʰ⏋ɐʏɩ௞ؑɇʶ ʳʚɫɹೝᬚɻ 41 ౗ᬚɫȡɤɛ⏏Ʉɹೝᬚɴ⏋ɻɷᒘჃɫɭʶɛკ႒ɻԃೝᬚˁɭȲɌɩ஁ კɇʶɛკ႒ɹȩɠ⏋஁კᰄధɴɌɩ 81⎾⏋ᩂᩄɴɌɩ 64⎾ˁװʠɩȦʳ⏏კ႒ɹᐵᩂᩄ ଎ 4 ȁ͉͇᤭ၶ͈σȜΠ͂΍έ͹͈৽̈́नਬાਫ਼ȪκϋΈϋΈ୼͈΅λϋίȫ

⏃кᩂ⏆ɻ 1,930 kg ɫ⏋̴ͻ̊ͻ̀̋˓ˡͻʦ́˽˻̋˓ˡͻɲɰɹ̝ͤ̒̋˓ˡͻᰖȵȡʼ ɓɩ 65 ᰄɭʢɤɭʢ޽ȼ⏋˱˹˥̋˓ˡͻɹ 9 ᰄȵɄʶɴᐚȼ⏏ʓȴɴˡͩ˓̨˹˹ʦ̸ ͡ͻ̋˓ˡͻɲɰȵధᰄɑɦ஁კɇʶɩȦʳ⏃ᝠ 2 ⏆⏏ ǵ͐ͦͲ˳ɴؒ֓Ɍɛ 17 Ϻɹౖࠦᅖਸɹȩɠ⏋ᒘˁȴȿʳɛʠɹͩ˓͓ͻˁʢɤɩȷɩȦɛ ɹɻ 12 Ϻɫ⏋ͩ˓͓ͻˁʢɤɩȷɩȦɲȦᓔɻ 5 ϺȦɛȵ⏋৳ʰɻ៊ʦӰ৉ɹᒘɫ஁ʰȭʰ ʶɛკ႒ɹՕᨗˁ؝ȿɩȦɛ⏏ɻɷᒘɻ͐Ͳ˫Ͳ˫ाɴզመɌɛᓂ౗ȴʰЇ஘ȿɻɍʠ⏋200 ҅ɴ᧒Ɍɛɹɻ 6 ౗ᇿ⏋250 ҅ɴ᧒Ɍɛɹɻ 12 ౗ᇿɫ⏋ɗɹ৿ɻࢹɌɑɦވ֓Ɍɩ⏋೎৿ɴ ᒘȵЇ஘ȿʰʶɛ 26 ౗ᇿɴɻɠʬȩɰ 300 ҅ɴ᧒Ɍɛ⏏̩Ͳ̊ͻ 1 Ϻȡɛʱɹᒘధɻ 25 ҅ ɫȡɤɛ⏏ ǵɄɹೝᬚɴკ႒ȵཝࢹӃكˁኍɐȴɰȩȴˁද២ɐʳɛʠɴ⏋ɻɷᒘˁЇ஘ȿɻɍʠɩȴʰ 1 ᦼᬚɅɭɹ஁კᰄధˁʛʳɭ⏋ፀ 1 ᦼ ᇿȴʰ᯶ɴ 9⏋16⏋15⏋16⏋16⏋18 ᰄɫȡɤɛ⏏೎ ՟ɹ 2 ᦼᬚɹᬚɴ 80⎾ГΫɹᒘȵЇ஘ȿʰʶɛɄɭˁᓒȭʳɭ⏋Ʉɹೝᬚɴɻ஁კᰄధɹ᦬ ཝɻɲȴɤɛɭȦȭʭȩ⏏ʢɠʸ˃⏋ɄɹɄɭȵɛɞɠɴ୫ᐚᇕɲ஁კᩄȵѳ៷ɇʶɩȦʳ ɄɭˁኍɐʢɹɫɻɲȦȵ⏋Ʉɹܩݖɹගɫɻץ৹ 3 km ɹ፴ܑɴɻ⏋ɐȼɲȼɭʢ 41 ౗ᬚ⏋ Ȳɗʰȼɻʢɤɭᬏೝᬚɴʼɛɤɩ⏋100 Ϻዐ঎ɹᮃ܎ɴ⏋࡫ࡴɌɩვᔀˁњᐌɫȷʳɞȿɹ ນ 2 ȁκϋΈϋΈ୼͈΅λϋίȪ3 ࠮ 9 ඾ȡ4 ࠮ 20 ඾ȫ̤̫͉͇ͥͅ᤭ၶͥ͢ͅڕ໤͈൮ତ͂༛ڕ࢘ၚঐତ ٮؿ ̘͞Ͳؿ ౅ؿ ஁კᰄధ ॶܯкᩂ _(kg)* ᐵᩂᩄ _(kg) ஁კ֟რ ୭ధ** ̝ͤ̒̋˓ˡͻᰖ 65 15.9 1034.3 157

ǵǵ̴ͻ̊ͻ̀̋˓ˡͻ Cephalophus callipygus ngendi 38 16.3 619.4 269

ǵǵ́˽˻̋˓ˡͻ C. dorsalis ngbomu 21 15.9 333.9 487

ǵǵ̩͞˻ͦ̋˓ˡͻ C. leucogaster mongala/mie 5 13.6 68.0 2045

ǵǵ˽˫ͦ̋˓ˡͻ C. nigrifrons monjumbe 1 13.0 13.0 Ņ

˱˹˥̋˓ˡͻ Cephalophus silvicultor bemba 9 35.8 322.2 1136

ˡͩ˓̨˹˹ Potamochoerus porcus pame 3 32.6 97.8 Ņ

̠͊̍Ͳ̮Ͳ˻ͻ Pan troglodytes seko 3 31.0 93.0 Ņ

̓Ͳ˳ Tragelaphus euryceros mbongo 2 71.8 143.6 ⏎

͇͍͊̀˻ˡ Hyemoschus aquaticus geke/akolo 2 12.1 24.2 Ņ

ˏ̶͠ˡ˳ͻ̚͡Ͳ˥̜͑̒ Felis aurata ebie 2 7.2 14.4 Ņ

̸͡ͻ̋˓ˡͻ Cephalophus monticola dengbe 2 3.7 7.4 Ņ

ˏˡ˽˓˧͖˗ Syncerus caffer mboko 1 141.7 141.7 ⏎

ˠˠ́Ͳ˸Ͳ˱˗ Smutsia gigantea kelepa 1 26.7 26.7 Ņ

̯͚˗ Panthera pardus sua 1 25.1 25.1 ⏎

៟ 91 1930.4 112

* ع֪႒ɹॶܯкᩂɻ͐ͦͲ˳ɫɹ஁კვɹࡸཀྵғ⏏

** ஁კ֟რ୭ధɻ⏋ᒘȵЇ஘ȿʰʶɩȦɛɹʏ౗ధ⏃10,223⏆ˁ஁კᰄధɫւɤɛғ⏏1 ɦɹᒘɴȲȦ ɩ 1 ᰄɹკ႒ȵɭʶʳɹɴॶܯɌɩਖឹɲ౗ధˁኍɐ⏏஁კ֟რɹᝠኍɻ 5 ᰄೡྃɹ֪႒ɴɦȦɩɻ⏋ ၈ᮊɴɲʳɹˁ᧫ȿʳɛʠህᅭɌɛ⏏