* ⏃ᢧ⏆ೣܕ᭬کᰍድଘ⏋The Japan Institute of International Affairs 2006 ॷ 7 31 ؝Њ, 2006 ॷ 11 7 ؝ჿ
̫͌ͻ͞˪కณάɹ˛˻̺̜ɴȲȿʳȋςȍɭ
͌˽͌͠ؾᔟ
⏎ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɭక༎֪ˁʠȽɤɩ⏎
ดǵᅒǵᢵǵψ*
‘Democratization’ under the Mubārak Regime and
the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt:
A Study on the Brotherhood’s Reform Initiative and Political Activities
Yokota Takayuki*This article aims to examine the goal of the political activities of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood under President Mubārak’s ‘democratization,’ by analyzing the Reform
Initiative of the Muslim Brotherhood (Mubādara Murshid ‘Āmm li-l-Ikhwān
al-Muslimīn hawla al-Mabādi’ al-‘Āmma li-l-I.slāh fī Mi.sr) published in March 2004, under the leadership of the General Guide Muhammad Mahdī ‘Ākif. After the severe attack by Nasser regime in the 1950s-60s, the Brotherhood succeeded in reestablishing itself as the major Islamic movement in Egypt in the 1970s. Although the Brotherhood revived as a de facto political force, the government never lifted its illegal status for fear that it might rise as a new political competitor. As a result, its socio-political power has been limited. The Reform Initiative, which I will analyze in this article, aims to reform Egypt comprehensively and serves as the framework of the Brotherhood’s activities. The goal of the Brotherhood’s current political activities is to realize the ideas of the Reform
Initiative, which demonstrates its attempt to overcome the organizational constraints
stemming from its illegal status. Whether the Brotherhood will be legalized or not is one of the most important issues in the Egypt now, and will infl uence the future of Egyptian politics.
は じ め に
ೣዣɻ⏋2004 ॷ 3 ɴᇍᝠɇʶɛ͌˽͌͠ؾᔟ⏃Jam‘īya al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn Гά⏋ȋؾ ᔟȍɭᅭɐ⏆ɹȋఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹ⏃Mubādara al-Murshid al-‘Āmm li-l-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn
hawla al-Mabādi’ al-‘Āmma li-l-I.slāh fī Mi.sr⏆ȍ1) ˁଝȵȴʱɴ⏋ჼܧɹؾᔟɹక༎֪ɴɦȦɩ⏋ ̶˽̢ͻ̫͌ͻ͞˪కณάɹȋςȍɭɹᬠᦹɹμɫᠶድɐʳɄɭˁςɛʳᇿᇕɭɐʳ⏏ ჼܧɹ˛˻̺̜ɫɻ⏋ȋςȍȵςឹɲకᇕϝဣɹʁɭɦɭɲɤɩȦʳ⏏႕ɴ 2005 ॷɹ ς֪ɹᲞளГᭇ⏋ɗɹӃكȵʚɤɩȦʳ⏏ɗɄɫɻ⏋̫͌ͻ͞˪కณɹᦽʠʳȋς ȍɭɗʶɴࢪɐʳᩃӾʦؾᔟɲɰؙࢪ༐ɴʭʳᅵᡴᅕɌጓɩɭȦȩ෯ܒȵឿʰʶʳดᅒ 2005a⏏ೣዣɫɻ⏋ɄɹȋςȍɭȦȩ˛˻̺̜కɹᩂឹɲΥүᯆɴ့ဣˁࡴʠɩᡴᠶ ˁȩ⏏ ೣዣɫᓒ࢘ɹࢪᢒɭɐʳؾᔟɻ⏋1928 ॷɴ˽˛̀ໜܩय़ɹᨊ॑˓˽͇ͻ˓ͻ͠ͻ͓ɴ ȲȦɩ⏋̩˵Ͳ̫Ͳ̠ͻ⏃ .Hasan al-Bannā 1906 – 49⏆ˁμਕɴօɇʶɛ⏏̫Ͳ̠ͻɻ߂ᝓ Цȵᦽʛɦɦȡɤɛয়ಁɴȲȦɩ⏋ЦɹࡸɴሂਝɌɛਲ਼০ଁɭᏼᑩɴଁ֒Ɍ⏋ؾ ᔟɻ 20 γᏛմץɴਸ਼ᦵɲᇍࣙɴଁ֒Ɍɛ⏏40 ॷБץɴɻ⏋য়ಁϺؤᏝ 2,000 ΨϺɹ˛ ˻̺̜ɴȲȦɩ⏋Ȳʭɗ 2,000 ɹఌᨆ⏋50 ΨϺɹ͍Ͳ̫ͻȲʭʃؾధɹఌ୫ᓔˁ௩ɐʳؾܕ ߂ɹకᇕЦᇕᐄɭɲɤɛɭɇʶʳ⏏50⑯60 ॷБɴɻ⏋̠́͡߂ᐏ᯿⏃ܧК 1956 – 70⏆ɴʭʳৗܦȵʼʶ⏋ɄɹಁೝɴؾᔟɻȋៗкȍɌɛɭᓒȭʰʶɛ⏏ɌȴɌ⏋70 ॷБ ɹ˓˽͞ͻ͌ᖂᲞளɹμɫᏼᑩԗলɴଁ֒Ɍ⏋ȋ༎ȍˁᧅɁɛ⏏ჼܧɫʢ⏋ؾᔟɻ ɲЦߑЇ༎֪⏋ɇʰɴɻϺᡴЦʦᓷᔨᏼغʍɹᦽՏˁȩɲɰ⏋˛˻̺̜ɴȲȿʳʢ ɲ˓˽͞ͻ͌ᖂ֪ɭɌɩঃ፴ɲ༎֪ˁɤɩȦʳ⏏օГᭇ⏋ؾᔟɹ༎֪ɴɻȦȼɦ ȴɹ༝ȷໍʛȵ୭ɫȷʳȵ⏋༎ГᭇɄɹ 30 оॷɴȲȦɩؾᔟȵɌɩȦʳᩂឹਸɴɻ ᆄȦɹоܩȵɲȦ⏏2005 ॷɹϺᡴЦ᧧୲ɫؾᔟȵ 88 ᡴफ़ˁკɐʳᤲᦽˁᧅɁɛɄɭ ɻ៨ૡɴృɌȦȵ⏋Ʉʶʢؾᔟȵ˛˻̺̜కɴȲȦɩɐʳᩂឹਸˁఒʠɩኍɌɛΥёɭ Ȧȭʳ⏏ؾᔟɹድɻ⏋˓˽͞ͻ͌ɴመᇿɌɦɦ˛˻̺̜కˁჿៗɐʳΫɫ߂ȷɲઝᒶˁ ɌɩȲʱ⏋̫͌ͻ͞˪కณάɹȋςȍˁʠȽʳకႥɹද២ɴȲȦɩʢɗʶɻέخ๕ ɫȡʸȩ⏏ ೣዣɫɻఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹˁଝȵȴʱɴᓒ࢘ˁȩȵ⏋ɗʶɻ๖ɹ 2 ɦɹჿᅓȴʰɫȡ ʳ⏏ፀ 1 ɴ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɻؾᔟɹᡉ༎֪ɴɦȦɩʢ׃ୠᇕɲ০ɫˏ˻˙Ͳ̋ˁ ኍɐʢɹɫȡʱ⏋ჼܧɹؾᔟɴȲȦɩɻɗɹ༎֪ɹݜೣᩍˁኍɐʢɹɭеᒞЊȿʳɄɭ ȵخᔨɫȡʳ⏏ፀ 2 ɴ⏋2005 ॷГᭇ༎ᇍɌɩȦʳؾᔟɹక༎֪ɴȲȦɩ⏋ؾᔟ͍Ͳ ̫ͻȴʰɌɽɌɽఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹˁɗɹՏᇍဣɭɐʳᇍៜȵឿʰʶʳ⏏2) ჼܧɹؾᔟɹ 1) ೣዣɫɻ⏋ؾᔟลᬠᏨȏˏ̸͞ɹܩॶȑɴᥔɇʶɛఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹయˁᅎȦʳĀfāq ‘Arabīya, March 11, 2004⏏ ɲ Ȳ⏋ ؾ ᔟ ۊ ˗ ˙ ̸ ˵ ˓ ̜ȏ ؾ ᔟ ˠ Ͳ ͞ ˓ Ͳ ȑ ɫ ʢ ද Ꮾ خ ᔨȃhttp://www. ikhwanonline.com/Article.asp?ID=5172&SectionID=356〉⏏ 2) ёȭɽ⏋2005 ॷ 12 8 ЊȏؾᔟˠͲ͞˓ͲȑᥔɹᲞ୭ࢷᓔު౩ˁؒ၇ȃhttp://www.ikhwanonline. com/Article.asp?ID=16561&SectionID=213〉⏏
క༎֪ɴɦȦɩද២ˁȩ᭬ɻ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɴጓɠଖʱ⏋ɗɹᦹᐚਸᬠѥਸɴɦ Ȧɩᓒ࢘ˁ֓ȭʳɄɭȵਖឹɫȡʳɭᓒȭʰʶʳ⏏ೣዣɻɄɹʭȩɲᓒ࢘ˁݜኄɴ⏋ؾᔟɹ క༎֪ȵؾᔟɹμɫɰɹʭȩɲеᒞЊȿˁɇʶɩȦʳȴɴɦȦɩՕഓˁ֓ȭʳ⏏
1．改革イニシアティヴの理念と提言
1.1 ムバーラク政権下の「民主化」と改革イニシアティヴの発表 2004 ॷ 3 3 ⏋ˡ˓ͦ॑Ԓɹ˻͑ͻ̠͠˽̜ᓷᔨᏼغɴȲȦɩ⏋ؾᔟᲞ୭ࢷᓔ͌ ̩Ͳ͇̝⑺̶͇̚ˑͻˏͻ˥̶⏃Muhammad Mahdī ‘Ākif⏆ɴʭɤɩ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹȵ ᇍᝠɇʶɛ⏏ˏͻ˥̶ɻᏝ 2 ͶմɴմᲞ୭ࢷᓔ͇ˏ͌ͻͲ̶̋˓̲ͻ⏃Muhammad al-Ma’mūn al-Hudaybī ܧК 2002 – 04⏆ɹؑˁ؝ȿɩ⏋ፀ 7 БᲞ୭ࢷᓔɴ᧧Տɇʶɛɽȴʱ ɫȡɤɛ⏏3) ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɻ⏋ఒᯊɹࢪᢒՕᩃɭɌɩϺᬚ০ଁ⏋క⏋ص⏋᧧୲ը⏋ᐁཕ⏋ఠ ᔒ⏋ˏ̩̀͡ล෯⏋ᢩܐکᰍ⏋Ц⏋ߨਸ⏋͌˽͌͠˥͠˽̜ఠਂᬚᬠѥ⏋య⏋ϯɹ 13 ՕᩃˁʱΫɁ⏋Ꮭ 100 ᇿɹఒᯊரៜˁɤɩȦʳ⏏ؾᔟȵɄɹʭȩɲ׃ୠᇕɲఒᯊ ൜ˁᇍᝠɌɛᔘಕɭɌɩɻ⏋̫͌ͻ͞˪కณɴʭʳఒᯊɹҪྡྷˁ୭ɫȷʭȩ⏏ȋБకঌȵ ɤɩȷɛఒᯊɹࡸేɻᯃ।ɴᧆǾɭɌɩȲʱ⏋ؑɴకঌȵ߂ȷɲ০ɫɤɛᏝɴࢪɌɩ ࡸ᭬ɹఒᯊɹᦽஂႥɻᧆʶɛႥɭɲɤɩȦʳɭଂǾؾᔟɻᓒȭʳ⏏ɗʶʪȭ⏋ Ʉɹ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹˁᇍᝠɐʳɄɭɭɌɛȍɭɹఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹԛᰄɹៜᘽɴʢɗʶɻኍ ɇʶɩȦʳ⏏ ̫͌ͻ͞˪కณɹఒᯊɴɦȦɩ⏋ೣዣȵ့ဣˁࡴʠʳకՕᩃɹఒᯊ⏋ɐɲʼɠకঌɹȋ ςȍకፑˁෙ៎ɐʶɽ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹᇍᝠয়ಁɹ˛˻̺̜కɻȋςȍɹᦡ ೝȡʳȦɻҪྡྷೝɴȡɤɛɭȦȭʭȩ⏏1981 ॷɹ˵ͻ̋ͻ̜߂ᐏ᯿⏃ܧК 1970 – 81 ॷ⏆ತ ຏɴ߂ᐏ᯿ɴࣃКɌɛ̫͌ͻ͞˪ɻয়՟⏋కณɹয়ਸ⏃ͤ˻̘ˑ͇˹ͻ⏆ɹ྇ɭɌɩȋغ ਸȍˁᩂែɐʳకࠒֳˁᅎɌ⏋ɴʭʳఌᨗˁᠭɌɛ⏏ʚɛ⏋մకณೢೝɹؙࢪ༐ ɴࢪɐʳకፑɹᐙମɫɻɲȼ⏋కࢪ᠌ɴݜɧȼܕᇕٮៗˁฐᏮɌɛɛʠ⏋80 ॷБɹ ˛˻̺̜ɫɻᩃӾʦؾᔟɲɰɹ༎֪ʢ༎ᇍɐʳɄɭɭɲɤɛРᔨ 1993: 156-157; ࢸ 1994: 257⏏ؾᔟʢ̫͌ͻ͞˪కณɹȋςȍɹ᠅ʛɹά⏋ϺᡴЦɭᓷᔨᏼغɹ᧧୲ʍ ɹዩෑᇕɲؒ֓ˁᬖࠃɌ⏋ɗʶəʶɴȲȦɩΥࡴɹଁ֒ˁؚʠɛ⏏4) ɌȴɌ⏋90 ॷБ՟ʠɴȋᐶɹӾȍʦȋˏ̸͞ςςᒶ̠́͡ςᒶӾȍɲɰɹృకӾȵᐄӾ 3) ˏͻ˥̶ɻ⏋70 БץɽɭȦȩॷᶲɴʢȴȴʼʰɑ⏋إؒॻᨆˁμਕɭɐʳȋౙγБȍɫɻɲȼ⏋ؾᔟɹక ӾɴɦȦɩዩෑᇕɴᇍៜɐʳɲɰ⏋ʞɌʸᦏॷدᰄȵᘿɌȦᗐଝμݠ͍Ͳ̫ͻɴᦏȦ⏏ʚɛ⏋1970⑯80 ॷ Бɴˏ͍͠ˡʦ̝˓̓ɫ˓˽͞ͻ֪͌ɹ୭ࢷˁɤɩȦɛɄɭȴʰ⏋ؾᔟɹμɹȋܕ᭬༐ȍɭɌɩʢሾʰ ʶʳ‘Abd al-Maq .sūd 2004: 21⏏ˁ៰خɇʶʳΥೣܕ᭬کᰍድଘ 1997: 91-96; Zaki 1995: 78-79; Fahmy 2002: 71-77⏋ కঌɹȋςȍɹᦡӃكɻ๖ፀɴʚɤɩȦɤɛ⏏̫͌ͻ͞˪కณȵ⏋˓˽͞ͻ͌ɲ ɰਸ਼ᦽ༐˓˽͞ͻ͌ᖂ֪ɹಮᇕɲؙకঌ༎֪ɹ༎ᇍ⏋ɗɌɩؾᔟɹకᇕЭɲ ɰɴʭɤɩ⏋кըᐣ୫ɴᬠɌɩ๖ፀɴลઢˁʠɛɄɭȵჿᅓɭɌɩ୲Ɂʰʶʳೣܕ ᭬کᰍድଘ 1997: 92⏏5) ᒟհˁЫȩݬ᧑⏃1996 ॷፀ 96 ش⏋1995 ॷፀ 93 ش⏆ɹը ࡴɴʭʳݬ᧑ៀըʦ⏋Цલڵ༎֪ᏼᑩʍɹకঌɹᇺሞˁɐʳ 1999 ॷፀ 153 شɹը ࡴɻȋςȍᦡɹёɭɌɩ୲ɁʰʶʳSullivan and Abed-Kotob 1999: 130; Fahmy 2002: 123-124; Langohr 2004: 193-197⏏ ؾᔟɹᓷᔨᏼغɭϺᡴЦɴȲȿʳ৯ᯱɹވ߂ɴࢪɌɩʢ⏋కঌɻɗɹଵըɴ֗ʠɛ⏏ ᓷᔨᏼغɴᬠɌɩɻ⏋ᓷᔨᏼغɹჿϟЦ᧧୲ɹжହኡრˁࡴʠɛ 1993 ॷፀ 100 شˁଁ ጓɇɓFahmy 2002: 107-108⏋жହኡრɹμɫɹᏼᑩᇕହኡɴʭɤɩᤲᦽˁᧅɁɩȦɛؾ ᔟɹ৯ᯱୟ߂ɹᭀˁ᠅ʛɛWickham 2002: 187, 200-202⏏6) ɇʰɴ⏋ᓷᔨᏼغଘࣚ ɹؾᔟ͍Ͳ̫ͻɴࢪɐʳᦻ⏋᥅ϟՠɴʭʳହაɭȦȩሁஞᇕɲৗܦʢᰈᑢɴʼʶɛ Wickham 2002: 215⏏ϺᡴЦʍɹؾᔟɹᦽՏɴࢪɌɩʢؾɴɗʶˁଵըɐʳଝຍˁ ɤɛ⏏ёȭɽ⏋95 ॷɹϺᡴЦ᧧୲ɴ᭬Ɍɩ⏋కঌɻؾᔟɹᇍᝠɌɛҌជᓔ͠˽̜ɴʭ ʱ 149 ؿɹؾᔟᏙҌជᓔˁᦻɌɛ⏏ʚɛ⏋᧧୲ହኡɹዺɫɻ 42 ؿɹؾᔟఌ୫ᓔȵ ϭɌɛᩧೠ 2001: 40, 48⏏߂ៀฐɲ᧧୲ЂԂɹᐄഗ⏋ܕςӾɻԇ᧧ 444 ᡴफ़μ 417 ᡴफ़ˁკɌɛ⏏2000 ॷϺᡴЦ᧧୲ɫʢకঌɹ᧧୲ЂԂɻᐚȷ⏋ܕςӾɻԇ᧧ 444 ᡴ फ़μ 388 ᡴफ़ˁკɌɛ⏏ʚɛ⏋02 ॷɴɻ⏋ϺᡴЦᡴڊɫȡʳؾᔟ͍Ͳ̫ͻɹ̩͌Ͳ͇ ̝˻͇͑ͻ̯͡˹͖͇̜⏃Muhammad Jamāl .Hishmat⏆ȵకঌɹܦɴʭʳԗ᧧୲ɫᡴफ़ ˁ߉ȩɲɰ⏋7) ᡴЦۊɴȲȦɩʢకঌɹࠒֳȵȩȴȵȭʳ⏏
ɲȲ⏋˛˻̺̜ɫɻភధకӾըȵ᠗ʠʰʶɩɻȦʳȵ⏋కঌɹ᧧୲ЂԂɲɰɴʭʱᩃӾɹᡴ फ़ధɻࢹధɴɭɰʚɤɩȦʳ⏏ёȭɽ⏋2000 ॷϺᡴЦ᧧୲ɴȲȿʳԃᩃӾɹკᡴफ़ɻ 16
4) 1984 ॷ⏋ؾᔟɻᇕɴɻៗతႥɹʚʚɫȡʳɛʠ⏋ృ̶̝ͩӾɭԊ᬴ɫϺᡴЦ᧧୲ɴᕵʛ⏋8 ᡴफ़ˁკ Ɍɛ⏏1987 ॷɴɻ⏋ȋ˓˽͞ͻ͌תᏝȍɭɌɩЦςᒶ֝ӈӾɭᕶᅓӾɭᦹغɌ⏋ ȋ˓˽͞ͻ͌Ʉɗៗໆ⏃al-Islām Huwa al- .Hall⏆ȍɹ˽ͦͻˤͲɹάɫ᧧୲ɴؒ֓⏋ɗɹᐄഗ 36 ᡴफ़ˁკɌ⏋ࡸᣒᇕɲᩃӾፀΥӾɭɲɤ ɛ⏏Υ⏋ᓷᔨᏼغɴȲȦɩʢ⏋1984 ॷɴԒዀכढ़ᓷᔨᏼغɫ 25 ᡴफ़μ 7 ᡴफ़ˁკɌɛ⏋عዛᓷᔨᏼغ ɴȲȦɩਸ਼ᦵɴ৯ᯱˁୟ߂ɇɓ⏋1990 ॷБɴɻȼɹᓷᔨᏼغɫςឹɲֳɭɲɤɛࢸ 1994: 248-251; ᰯݻ 1996: 112-113; Wickham 2002: 183-199; ดᅒ 2005a: 39⏏ 5) ̫͌ͻ͞˪కณάɹςᦡɹჿᅓɭɌɩ⏋1980 ॷБɴȋغਸȍʦȋςȍɴћɌɩȦɛకณɹয় ਸȵ⏋90 ॷБɴᢧᅠᐁཕᅠɭɹתʦۊᦽɲɰɹᐁཕఒᯊ⏋ɗʶɴʭɤɩʢɛʰɇʶʳᐁཕଁᬏɴћ ɐʳʢɹʍɌɛɭ୭ɐʳድʢȡʳal-Awadi 2004: 196-197⏏ 6) ёȭɽ⏋כढ़ᓷᔨᏼغჿϟЦ᧧୲ɹହኡრˁឿʳɭ⏋1988 ॷ 24⎾⏋90 ॷ 23⎾⏋92 ॷ 29⎾ɭɲɤɩȦʳ Wickham 2002: 184-187⏏ 7) Ɍȼɻ⏋2003 ॷ 1 22 ᇍȏˏ̶͞ͻ͌˗ˑͻ˪͠ͻȑˁؒ၇ȃhttp://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/621/ eg6.htm〉⏏
ᡴफ़ɴȹɑ⏋ήӾܕςӾɴɻ᧙ȼؖɽɲȴɤɛ⏏ʚɛ⏋ᐄӾɹᕶᅓɴɦȦɩʢ⏋కঌɴ ʭʳៀըȵࡔܧɌɩȦʳ⏏కӾɹᐄଁɴ᭬Ɍɩɻ⏋ȋకӾ⏃1977 ॷፀ 40 ش⏆ȍፀ 7 ɴ ʭɤɩ⏋కঌɹకӾࠇڊЦɹ᠗خˁ؝ȿɲȿʶɽɲʰɲȦ⏏8) ࡸ᭬ɴ⏋కӾ᠗خˁʳɄɭɻ ܐᮑɲݭغȵȼ⏋ɄʶʚɫధɹᅕᠱȵάɇʶɩȦʳFahmy 2002: 66-71⏏ Ʉɹʭȩɴ⏋1990 ॷБГᭇɻȋςȍɹᦡȵᰒᘿɭɲʱ⏋కঌɴʭʳϺᡴЦ᧧୲ʦ ᓷᔨᏼغ᧧୲ʍɹЂԂ⏋కᇕᕶᅓɹըᭉɲɰȵឿʰʶɛ⏏ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹᇍᝠয়ಁɴᕸ ʳʚɫ⏋ଵܦᇕɲਸൔˁʠɛ̫͌ͻ͞˪కณάɫ⏋ȋςȍɻҪྡྷ࣌ᯆɴȡɤɛ⏏ʚɛ⏋ 81 ॷГഀᐚȦɩȦʳᯃ।ϟВʢћးɭɌɩៗ᭑ɇʶɩȲʰɑ⏋కঌɴʭʳؙࢪ༐ৗܦˁࢅ ౫ɲʢɹɭɌɩȦʳ⏏ȋςȍɹᦡɹμɫ⏋˛˻̺̜ЦɴȲȦɩɻ⏋ჼႥʍɹέྃɭɭ ʢɴ⏋֟ɴลᔨɌɲȦჼɹకӾըʦౖࡔకӾʍɹ߉ઢȵʚɤɛ⏏ؾಁɴ⏋ݬ᧑ʦక ༎֪ɹᕶᅓɲɰɹݜೣᇕɲณգɹѳ᭭ʦ⏋ςѦᦽʍɹឹʢϺǾɹᬚɫᲞʚʱɦɦȡɤ ɛ⏏9) ʚɛ⏋ؾᔟɴɭɤɩȋςȍɹᦡҪྡྷɻ⏋కঌɴʭʳৗܦɴሁஞɦɲȵʱȩʳ ʢɹɫȡʱ⏋ଵܦᇕɲకႥɹఒڵȵᏼᑩᇕɴʢਸ਼֭ɭɇʶɛ⏏ɄɹʭȩɲకႥάɫ⏋ ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɻؾᔟɹఒᯊʍɹʱᏼʛˁᝠ౩ɐʳʢɹɭɌɩᇍᝠɇʶɛɹɫȡʳ⏏ 1.2 改革イニシアティヴの諸提言 1.2.1 基本原則 ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɴɻ⏋տᲞ୭ࢷᓔ̩͌Ͳ͇̝˵˓˓̝̩̲ͻ̸⏃Muhammad al-Sayyid .Habīb⏆ˁμਕɴсଁɇʶɛইయȵԍкᇕɲఒᯊ൜ɹմɴЊɇʶɩȦʳ⏏ইయɫɻ⏋Ʉ ɹ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹȵጓᔰɐʳݜೣհȵᦚʏʰʶɩȲʱ⏋ɗʶɻ๖ɹ 4 ဣɫȡʳ⏏ ፀ 1 ɴ⏋˛˻̺̜⏋ˏ̸͞ᡉܕ⏋˓˽͞ͻ͌γᅠɴࢪɐʳˏ͍͠ˡɲɰᡉܕɴʭʳఌᨗ ɭЂԂɹ୕ᐓ⏏ፀ 2 ɴ⏋ԃɲʳఒᯊɻܕᇕឹິɫȡʳɄɭɹᠭ⏏ᕶᅓȴɦࢴ؏ȡʳᅊ ༎⏋ኘܕɹៅᨮ⏋ᕶᅓ⏋ԇ⏋ॶፈ⏋˹͖ͻ͞ͻ⏃תᡴ⏆ɹհˁࡸჼɐʳɛʠɹఒᯊȵܕ ɹᬚɫȼʚʶɩȦʳ⏏ፀ 3 ɴ⏋కఒᯊɹӦӴ⏏కՕᩃɹఒᯊɻ⏋ЈɹԃɩɹՕᩃɴ ᬠᦹɐʳఒᯊɹՏᇍဣɭɌɩеᒞЊȿʰʶɩȦʳ⏏ፀ 4 ɴ⏋ܕᇕᐄᮃɹᠭ⏏ఒᯊɹӴࢷ৲ ɻ⏋కঌʦ႕ࡴɹకֳȵȩʢɹɫɻɲȼ⏋ԃɩɹϺǾȵȩʏȷ֭ɫȡʳɭɇʶʳ⏏ Ʉʶʰɹݜೣհȴʰɻ⏋ʚɑ⏋ȋ߂μആ෯ȍ10) ɲɰɹˏ͍͠ˡςࢷɴʭʳȋςȍʦ 8) ؾɴɦȦɩɌȼɻ⏋Рᔨ 1993: 172-173; Fahmy 2002: 67-68⏏ 9) ɄɹʭȩɲγᠶˁኍɐʢɹɭɌɩɻ⏋1994 ॷɹȏˏ̶͞ͻ͌˗ˑͻ˪͠ͻȑᏨɴʭʳᠭീɭ⏋98 ॷ ɹ ˏ ̶ ͞ ͻ ͌ క ᅭ ድ ଘ ɴ ʭ ʳ ᠭ ീ ȵ ё ɭ Ɍ ɩ ୲ Ɂ ʰ ʶ ʳ⏏ ɗ ʶ ə ʶ⏋ȃhttp://weekly.ahram.org. eg/archives/1994poll/1994poll.htm〉 ɭ 〈http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1998/397/eg2.htm〉 ˁؒ၇⏏ 10) ȋ߂μആ෯ȍɻ⏋μആܩݖˁࢪᢒɴ⏋ఒᯊఌஹፑ⏋ςςᒶɹཉ⏋ᡫࡓრكΫɹɛʠɹሾᡫЦɹল⏋ᐁ ཕᇍࣙɹ֓ᦵɭᮄᅎօՏɹ 4 ဣˁμਕɴ෯ଁɇʶʳ⏏ˏ͍͠ˡకঌȵᇿฌɭɐʳμആԃݖɹȋςȍɹɛʠ ɴ⏋G8 ᡉܕɭμആᡉܕɹሂ⏋ᢧ֭ሂʰᬡӎᏩɴʭʳࡴೝЦغɹօɲɰȵர൜ɇʶɛȃhttp://www.mainichi-msn.co.jp/kokusai/afro-ocea/news/20040601k0000m030143000c.html〉⏏ȋ߂μആȍɹرᇕઝ٢ɴɦȦɩɻࢸ 2006: 688-690⏋9.11 ϟИȴʰ˓͞˪ϝɴᕸʳʚɫɹˏ͍͠ˡɹμആకፑɴɦȦɩɻᚹ 2003ˁؒ၇⏏
ȋఒᯊȍʍɹȦ୕ᐓˁ୭ɐʳɄɭȵɫȷʳ⏏ؾᔟɴȲȦɩɻ⏋ˏ͍͠ˡɹ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑ ʹɴࢪɐʳؙࢪઝឿɻȦ⏏ёȭɽ⏋ˏͻ˥̶ɻ⏋Პ୭ࢷᓔࣃКሁɹ˓Ͳ̲͖̊ͻɴȲ Ȧɩ⏋ȋςςᒶȍˁେɌЊȿʳᨆֳɭɻໆɌɩתɌɲȦౚˁᠭɌɩȦʳal-Ahram Weekly, 22-28 January, 2004⏏˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹᇍᝠᓂɹ˓Ͳ̲͖̊ͻɴȲȦɩʢ⏋ˏ͍͠ ˡɹȋ߂μആ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹȍɴɦȦɩɻ؝ȿԂʶʳɄɭȵɫȷɲȦɭៜؖɌɩȦʳ⏏11) ๖Ȧ ɫ⏋ইయɫɻ⏋ᨆֳɴʭʳେɌЊȿɭɌɩɫɻɲȼ⏋˛˻̺̜ɴȲȿʳܕᇕɲឹɹμ ȴʰఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹȵсଁɇʶɛɄɭȵᦚʏʰʶɩȦʳ⏏ɗɹఒᯊɻకՕᩃȴʰࠃʠʰ ʶʳȵ⏋႕ࡴɹకֳɴʼʶʳʢɹɫɻɲȼ⏋ܕᇕᐄᮃˁਖឹɭɐʳʢɹɭɇʶɩȦ ʳ⏏ ইయɫɻ⏋Ʉʶʰɹݜೣհɴ๖Ȧɫ⏋˹͑͠ͻˏɴݜɧȼఒᯊɹᩂឹਸȵᠦ౩ɇʶʳ⏏ ȋ˓˽͞ͻ͌ɹఠȭɭѝғˁՏᇍဣɴɌɩ⏋ଂǾɹࡱఠɴଖʱ⏋˹͑͠ͻˏˁేɌ⏋ሾᡫɭ ృଯˁᅎɌɩɫȷʳᭉʱɹሾᡫˁʳɄɭɲȼɌɩ⏋ଂǾɴȦȴɲʳᦽɹࡸჼʢʠɲ Ȧ⏏ȍɄɄɫɻ⏋˹͑͠ͻˏˁԃɩɹՏᇍဣɴеᒞЊȿʳؾᔟɹݜೣᇕɲࠒֳȵჼʶɩȦʳ⏏ ʚɛ⏋ȋଂǾɹɄɹఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹʍɹ٧ʃȴȿ⏃da‘wa⏆ɹᇿᇕɻ⏋ኜɹ˹͑ ͠ͻˏተጓɹɛʠɴ⏋ଂǾԃڊȵૠɭ৾ɹ̍͑Ͳ̦͡ˁᦲɍɩתɌɲȿʶɽɲʰɲȦ ԃȴɦሎɹఒᯊɫȡʳȍɭᦚʏʰʶɩȲʱ⏋ɹങԒɫఒᯊ༎֪ˁᦽʠʳɄɭȵኍɇʶɩȦ ʳ⏏ɗɌɩ⏋ఒᯊɹࡸჼɴɦȦɩɻ⏋ȋ͌˽͌͠ɹ҅Ϻ⏋͌˽͌͠ɹࢃ⏋͌˽͌͠ɹక ঌɗɌɩܕࢃɹ০ଁˁᦲɍɩɲɇʶʳȍɭɇʶɩȲʱ⏋̫Ͳ̠ͻೝГഀɹؾᔟɹ༎֪୭ᩍɫ ȡʳຍ᭥ᇕྻᦽᇕɲఒᯊςᒶal-Bannā 1992: 177-178, 359-360ȵჼܧʢᩂែɇʶɩȦʳ Ʉɭȵȩȴȵȭʳ⏏ 1.2.2 改革イニシアティヴの概要 ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɫɻ 13 ՕᩃᏝ 100 ᇿɹఒᯊரៜȵɲɇʶɩȦʳ⏏ɗʶʰɻ߂ȷȼ๖ ɹ 4 ɦɴՕᰖɫȷʳ⏏ ፀ 1 ɴ⏋ؾᔟɹᇿ୭ɐఒᯊɹՏᇍဣɫȡʳȋҫԃɲȍϺᬚ০ଁɴȴȴʼʳரៜ⏏Ϻᬚ০ ଁ⏋ఠᔒ⏋ˏ̩̀͡ล෯⏋యɹՕᩃɴᬠɐʳఒᯊரៜɴȲȦɩ⏋˓˽͞ͻ͌ɹఠȭɴݜɧȼ ȋɌȦȍఠᔒయɹಔؖɭϺᬚ০ଁɹȡʱȵςɇʶɩȦʳ⏏ ፀ 2 ɴ⏋˛˻̺̜ܕɹᅊ༎ɴȴȴʼʳரៜ⏏Ʉʶɻ⏋˛˻̺̜ɹୃȭʳЦکᰍɹៗໆ ʦܕɹᅊ༎ఒڵ⏋ɇʰɴɻ˥͠˽̜ఠਂʦߨਸɹณգѳ᭭ɴʭɤɩ⏋ܕᬚɹൔेៗ༥ʦܕ ᐏغɹѦᦽˁᇿ୭ɐʢɹɫȡʳ⏏ςɴ⏋ᢩܐکᰍ⏋Ц⏋ߨਸ⏋͌˽͌͠˥͠˽̜ఠਂᬚ ᬠѥɹՕᩃɴᬠɐʳఒᯊரៜɫʱʼʶɩȦʳ⏏᧟ՖɲЦ˵ͻ̲˽ரњɹᩂឹਸ⏋Цᇕ 11) 2004 ॷ 3 4 Њȏ ˓ ˽ ͞ ͻ ͌ ˠ Ͳ ͞ ˓ Ͳ ȑ ɹ ̢ ͖ ͻ ˽ ˁ ؒ ၇ȃhttp://www.islamonline.net/English/ News/2004-03/04/article04.shtml〉⏏
ᓔʦࢹధ༐ɹณգᩂែȵᠭɇʶɩȦʳ⏏ ፀ 3 ɴ⏋కఒᯊɴȴȴʼʳரៜ⏏క⏋ص⏋᧧୲ը⏋ϯɹ 4 ՕᩃɫᦚʏʰʶɩȦ ʳ⏏˛˻̺̜ૠፀ 2 ɹȋ˓˽͞ͻ͌ɹ˹͑͠ͻˏɹհɻ⏋ጓΫɹςឹɲ྇ɫȡʳȍ ɭɹయɹ᧟Ֆɲࣞɭ˹͑͠ͻˏɹᩂែ⏋కᇕณգɭᕶᅓɹѳ᭭⏋᧟Ֆɲఒɴʭʳ ςςᒶɹըᯆɫɹѳ᭭ȵςɲᠶဣɭɲɤɩȦʳ⏏ϯɴɦȦɩɻ⏋ˏ̸͞ᡉܕ⏋˓˽͞ͻ͌ ᡉܕ⏋ˏ̶͠ˡᡉܕɭɹᬠѥȵᩂែɇʶɩȦʳ⏏ ፀ 4 ɴ⏋ᐁཕఒᯊɴᬠɐʳரៜ⏏ᢧకᣧࡓɹވ߂ʦᢩɹൔेୟ߂ɲɰɹᐁཕႥˁᤑʚ ȭ⏋ᐁཕԗলɹՏᇍဣɭɌɩଘณʦᐁཕ༎֪ɹᕶᅓࢴᩂˁςɌɩȦʳ⏏ఌᨗਃࣚᬠѥˁЫ ȩ˫ͦͻ̫̀͌͠ɴؙࢪɐʳጓݭȴʰ⏋˛˻̺̜ܕԒɹᅊᅋᔨكΫ⏋ᐁཕըɹҺȵᇿฌ ɭɇʶɩȦʳ⏏ ๖ɴ⏋ೣዣɹςឹ̘ͻ͇ɫȡʳ˛˻̺̜కɹȋςȍɴᬠѥɐʳక⏋ص⏋᧧୲ը ɹఒᯊரៜɴɦȦɩෙ៎ჿɌɛȦ⏏ కɻ⏋ӦӴᇕɲఒᯊՕᩃɭɇʶɩȦʳɄɭʢȡʱ⏋ʢȼɹᏨ३ˁήȭʰʶɩȦʳՕᩃ ɹʁɭɦɫȡʳ⏏ఒᯊரៜɹரኍɴӴጓɤɩ⏋ȋςςᒶɹేɲȼɌɩ⏋ఒᯊɻʠɲȦȍ ɭᦚʏʰʶɩȲʱ⏋ςςᒶɹተጓȵకఒᯊɹɛʠɴᩂឹɫȡʳɭɇʶɩȦʳ⏏ԃ 18 ᇿɴȲʭʉఒᯊரៜɫɻ⏋ݜೣᇕɲณգɭᕶᅓɹѳ᭭⏋ጓૠᡴЦըɹҫԃ⏋᧟ɲఒɭ ዊইɹࡸჼȵ⏋˛˻̺̜ɴȲȿʳςςᒶˁተጓɐʳɛʠɴέخ๕ɹʢɹɭɌɩᩂែɇʶɩ Ȧʳ⏏ȋςȍɹᦡȵᘿɌȦ˛˻̺̜ɹకЦႥɹμɫ⏋Ʉʶʰఒᯊ൜ɻɗɹʭȩ ɲႥɴࢪɐʳՃ፞⏋ʢɌȼɻᅵᡴᅕɌጓɩɹүᯆˁ୫ɤɩȦʳ⏏ ҅ϺᇕȲʭʃԇᇕɲณգɭᕶᅓɹѳ᭭ɴᬠɌɩɻ⏋ѵЖɹᕶᅓ⏃ፀ 3 ⏆⏋ࡱఠәˁȩ ᕶᅓ⏃ፀ 4 ⏆⏋ԇইᖪѯɹ፴ܑԒɫɹਲ਼ɭᝠჼɹᕶᅓ⏃ፀ 5 ⏆⏋కӾᐄӾɹᕶᅓ⏃ፀ 6 ⏆⏋ЦᇕɹങԒɫɹЦᇕᕶᅓ⏃ፀ 7 ⏆⏋ॶٮᇕ͐̚ɹณգ⏃ፀ 8 ⏆⏋కႢɹᨾ ఔ⏃ፀ 16 ⏆⏋୨کɹኧ⏃ፀ 17 ⏆⏋ᓷᔨᏼغȲʭʃ֝ӈᏼغɴࢪɐʳ༎֪ៀըɹঘ ⏃ፀ 18 ⏆ɲɰȵኍɇʶɩȦʳ⏏కঌɴʭʳৗܦʦక༎֪ʍɹЂԂˁᭀɐʳɛʠɹឹິ ɭеᒞЊȿʰʶʳ⏏ ጓૠᡴЦըɴɦȦɩɻ⏋ȋܕࢃըɴɦȦɩଂǾȵݠ୫ɐʳʢɹɻ⏋˓˽͞ͻ͌ɹఠȭɹങ Ԓɫɹ⏋Ԋٮը⏋ᡴЦը⏋ጓૠը⏋ςςᒶɫȡʳȍɭςɇʶɩȦʳ⏏ఒᯊ൜ɫɻ⏋ȋܕࢃ ɭЦɹۊɴʈɇʼɌȦըɻᡴЦըɫȡʳȍ⏃ፀ 9 ⏆⏋ȋᕶᅓȴɦԇɲԇ᧧୲ɴʭʳณ ϯБɹհɹᒶ֭ɭࢴᩂȍ⏃ፀ 2 ⏆⏋᧧୲ɹԇਸμጓਸҫԃਸˁѳ᭭ɐʳ᧧୲ɹ ըࡴ⏋ɲʰʃɴ߂ኡకӾɴʭʳకঌปጓ⏃ፀ 9 ⏆⏋᧧୲ณɹѳ៷⏃ፀ 10 ⏆⏋᧧୲ณ ɹѳ៷⏃ፀ 11 ⏆ȵᦚʏʰʶɩȦʳ⏏ςςᒶˁըᇕɴѳ᭭ɐʳʢɹɭɌɩጓૠᡴЦըȵ ᩂែɇʶ⏋˹͑͠ͻˏɹάɫɹɗɹᡉհɹԃࡸჼȵςɇʶɩȦʳ⏏ ʚɛ⏋ςςᒶɹࡸჼɹɛʠɴ᧟Ֆɲఒɭዊইɹተጓɻ⏋๖ɹʭȩɲఒᯊரៜɴʭɤ
ɩςɇʶɩȦʳ⏏᥅ᨆɹకέЂԂɭ˹̲͠ˏͲ˱Ͳ̜ͦͻ͡ɹհɹѳ᭭⏃ፀ 12 ⏆⏋ కঌɴʭʳลᬠɹᅎɹኧɭลᬠɹลᔨᑘࢸ⏃ፀ 13 ⏆⏋߂ᐏ᯿ᓷɹܕᢒਐ ɭКೝըᭉ⏃ፀ 14 ⏆⏋ᯃ।ϟВ⏋కӾ⏋ᓷᔨᏼغ⏋ݬ᧑ɲɰϺณˁըᭉɐʳᡉ ɹঘ⏃ፀ 15 ⏆⏏ɲลᬠʦ߂ᐏ᯿ณᭉɹᑘࢸʦعዛៀըɹঘɴʭɤɩςς ᒶተጓɹݜኄɭɐʳɄɭȵڟȭʰʶɩȦʳ⏏ɗɌɩ⏋ɹ᧟ɭɹ᧤ࡪˁឹິɐʳɄɭɫ ςѦᦽɴ֗ʠ⏋కঌɴʭʳԇᇕ༎֪ʍɹЂԂˁக᭑Ɍ⏋కᇕ༎֪ɹᕶᅓɹୟ߂ˁᇿ୭ɐ ؾᔟɹᓒȭȵȩȴȵȭʳ⏏ ๖ɴ⏋صఒᯊɴɦȦɩɻԃ 3 ᇿȴʰɲʱ⏋ςɴصณႶጓɹ⏋ԇɲՠըˁ ተጓɐʳɛʠɹصఒᯊȵςɇʶɩȦʳ⏏ɗɄɫɻ⏋కณ⏃صህ⏆ȴʰɹصณႶጓ ⏋႕աরɹঘ⏋᥅ϟরɹ፬ᥫɹᑘࢸɭ౩ተ⏃ፀ 1 ⏆⏋ᣱ៲য়ลᬠɭᠭീয়ล ᬠɹךա⏃ፀ 2 ⏆ȵᦚʏʰʶɩȦʳ⏏ɄɄɴɻ⏋͍Ͳ̫ͻɹՠȵΥᖔরɫɻɲȼʭʱ ณգɹըᭉɇʶʳ᥅ϟরɫʼʶɩȦʳჼႥʍɹؾᔟɹέѵઢȵឿʰʶʳ⏏ؾᔟ͍Ͳ ̫ͻɹՠɴɦȦɩ⏋ᯃ।ϟВɴݜɧȼ᥅ϟরȴʰΥᖔɴݜɧȼᦲ।রʍɗɹ፬ᥫˁ ውɇɓʳɄɭɻ⏋ᏼᑩ༎֪ɹᕶᅓɹተѳɭȦȩဣɴȲȦɩᩂឹɫȡʳ⏏ʚɛ⏋ȋ˓˽͞ͻ͌ ɹ˹͑͠ͻˏɹհɻ⏋ጓΫɹςឹɲ྇ɫȡʳȍɭៀࡴɐʳૠፀ 2 ɹࣞɹɛʠɴ⏋ ˹͑͠ͻˏɴݜɧȼఒɹࡸేȵິʠʰʶɩȦʳ⏃ፀ 3 ⏆⏏ ɴ⏋᧧୲ըɴɦȦɩɻ⏋కఒᯊɴȲȦɩʢៜؖɇʶɩȦʳȵ⏋ؾᔟɴɭɤɩᩂ ឹɲ̴̜̒˪ɫȡʳɛʠ⏋ጟˁఒʠɩԃ 5 ᇿɹఒᯊ൜ȵᦚʏʰʶɩȦʳ⏏ɄʶɴɦȦɩ⏋ ȋ2005 ॷɴϜࡴɇʶɩȦʳϺᡴЦ᧧୲ˁɴʰ˃ɫɹɄɭɫʢȡʳȍɭؾᔟॻᨆˏ̸̝˕͡ ̩͊ͻ̝ˤ˸ͻ͠ͻɻᦚʏɛ⏏12) ݜೣᇕɴɻ⏋ᕶᅓȴɦԇɲ᧧୲ɹࡸేɹɛʠɹፑȵ୲ ɁʰʶɩȦʳ⏏కঌʦลᬠɴʭʳ᧧୲ЂԂɹኧ⏃ፀ 1 ⏆⏋ՠࡲȴʰ෯ଁɇʶʳ᧧୲ ࠇڊЦɹᒞ⏃ፀ 2 ⏆⏋᧧୲ˁᇺែɐʳՠࡲʍɹص߂ᕲɹॵབኧ⏃ፀ 3 ⏆ȵըᇕ ɲѳ᭭ɭɌɩ୲ɁʰʶɩȦʳ⏏ʚɛ⏋ጓҌជᓔɹ᧧୲༎֪ɴᬠɐʳณգɹѳ᭭⏃ፀ 5 ⏆ɴ ʢៜؖȵȡʳ⏏᧧୲ըɹᕶᅓɭԇˁተѳɐʳɄɭɴʭʱ⏋ςςᒶተጓɹɛʠɹըᇕݜ ᇻɹѳ᭭ˁᇿ୭ɐؾᔟɹઝܒȵȩȴȵȭʳ⏏
2．改革イニシアティヴの実践―同胞団の政治活動を中心に
մ፲ɫɻ⏋ؾᔟɹఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɴɦȦɩ⏋ȋςȍɴཉȼᬠᦹɐʳకՕᩃɹர ៜˁμਕɴෙ៎Ɍɛ⏏ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɹԒࢅˁΥᠧɐʶɽ⏋ჼБ˛˻̺̜ɹԍкᇕɲక ᇕЦᇕయᔭɹμɫ⏋˓˽͞ͻ͌ᇕɲఒᯊɭɻȦȴɲʳʢɹȴ⏋ɗɌɩؾᔟȵᇿ୭ɐ˛˻ 12) ፆᓔȵɤɛˡ˓ͦ߂కᐁཕᨆఠஐˏ̸̝˕̩͊͡ͻ̝ˤ˸ͻ͠ͻʍɹ˓Ͳ̲͖̊ͻɴʭʳ⏃2004 ॷ 3 28 ⏆⏏ؾລɻؾᔟక࣌ɫɹ༎֪ˁᐁɩ⏋ჼܧɻᲞ୭ࢷᓔᰘکˁ֭ʠɩȦʳ⏏̺̜ɭɻɰɹʭȩɲʢɹȴˁ౩ተɴኍɌɛʢɹɭɌɩѝɐʳɄɭȵɫȷʭȩ⏏ɌȴɌɗɹΥ ɫ⏋ɗɹᐵᠶᇕɲਸൔˁ୭ɐʳɄɭʢخᔨɫȡʸȩ⏏ёȭɽ⏋ςѦᦽʦకᇕᕶᅓɹ ѳ᭭ɹɛʠɴɰɹʭȩɲక༎֪ˁȩɹȴɲɰԍкᇕɲଝຍፑˁמՕɴኍɌɩȦʳɭɻ ៜȦᮑȦ⏏ ɄʶɴɦȦɩ⏋ˏ̸̝˕̩͊͡ͻ̝ˤ˸ͻ͠ͻɻ⏋ȋఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɻᐵᠶᇕɲਸൔ ˁ୫ɦʢɹɫȡʳ⏏عᠶɴɦȦɩᦚʏɩȦɲȦɄɭȵȡʳɭɌɩʢ⏋ɗʶɻɗɹکᰍˁံែɌ ɩȦʳɹɫɻɲȦ⏏ఒᯊʍɹரៜɻ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɫᏺʼʳʼȿɫɻɲȼ⏋ЁʢᐚȦɩʪ ȼȍɭᠦ౩ɌɩȦʳ⏏13) Ɍɛȵɤɩ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɹද២ɴ᭬Ɍɩɻ⏋ᇍᝠГᭇɹعᠶ ᇕɲު౩ʦԍкᇕ༎֪ɭɹᬠᦹɹμɫᓒ࢘ɐʳਖឹȵȡʸȩ⏏ೣ፲ɫɻ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹ ɹɁʳఒᯊரៜȵȦȴɴࡸ᭬ɹ༎֪ɹμɫࡸᤋɇʶɩȦʳȴɴɦȦɩ⏋2005 ॷɹؾᔟɴ ʭʳς֪ʍɹʱᏼʛɭϺᡴЦ᧧୲ʍɹؒ֓ˁϟёɴද២ɐʳ⏏ 2.1 民主化要求運動 ؾᔟɻఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹᇍᝠ⏋ۊ˗˙̸˵˓̜ʦลᬠᏨɲɰɫ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɹఒ ᯊரៜɴɦȦɩ៲ȭȴȿɩȦɛȵ⏋ɗʶɴࢪɐʳ˛˻̺̜ܕԒɹؙਝɻᐵɍɩԳཁɫȡʱ⏋ Цᇕɴ߂ȷɲؙᯱˁڽᣱɌɛɭɻៜȦȵɛȦʢɹɫȡɤɛ⏏14) ɌȴɌ⏋2005 ॷɴς֪ȵ ᲞளɐʳɄɭɴʭɤɩ⏋ؾᔟɻᕶʰɹɁʳఒᯊɹჿਥரៜˁᰄ֪ɴʭɤɩϺǾɴঃ ȼ៲ȭȴȿʳลЦˁʳɄɭȵɫȷɛ⏏ 05 ॷɹς֪ɹᲞளɻ⏋ȋ˥̶ˎͻ͓֪ȍɹᇎݭˁߕลɹʁɭɦɭɐʳ⏏15) Ʉɹ֪ ɻ̫͌ͻ͞˪కณɹܦըȵ˛˻̺̜ɹሁᯆɐʳǾɲکᰍɹ྇ɫȡʳɭɌɩ⏋ؾకณɴࢪɐ ʳȦؙࢪࠒֳˁኍɌɩȦʳ⏏ɗʶʪȭకૠɹԃɲʳఒȵਖឹɫȡʳɭɌ⏋ήӾܕ ςӾɴʭʳณႶװɹᏺူ⏋ᯃ।ϟВȲʭʃᕶᅓˁըᭉɐʳᡉɹঘ⏋տ߂ᐏ᯿ɹ ܕɴʭʳሁஞହኡɭΪ᧧ኧ⏋ᐄӾՏႆᐄɹᕶᅓ⏋صᇺሞάɫɹԇɲ᧧୲ɹࡸే ɲɰˁԍкᇕɲᇿฌɭɐʳal- .Haraka al-Mi.srīya min Ajl al-Taghyīr 2005⏏04 ॷೢɴˡ˓ͦ॑ Ԓɫ՟ʠɩɹᰄ͐̚ˁᏼᑩɌɛ˥̶ˎͻ͓֪ɻ⏋ᓂॷ 3 Гᭇ⏋ᨊ॑ᨆˁμਕɴ͐̚ɹ ᰈɭៀฐˁਸ਼ᦵɴୟ߂ɇɓɛ⏏
13) 12) ɭؾɍ⏏
14) ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɴࢪɐʳకঌɹؙਝɻ⏋য়˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɹံែɫȡɤɛ⏏̩͌Ͳ͇̝̩̲ͻ̸ˏͻ ̚ˑ͠ͻ⏃Muhammad .Habīb al-‘Ādilī⏆Ԓሂɹȋؾᔟɻᯃغᏼᑩɫȡʱ⏋ɗʢɗʢకᇕɲ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹ ˁர൜ɐʳᣂൔˁ୫ɛɲȦȍɭȦȩᇍៜɴኍɇʶɩȦʳʭȩɴ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɹԒࢅɴ៘ʶʳɄɭɲȼ⏋ য়˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɴᬠɐʳᡴᠶˁ܌᧫ɐʳࠒֳȵឿʰʶɛ⏏ЈɹᩃӾʦకֳȴʰʢ⏋ෙɷԳཁɲؙਝɌȴ ʰʶɲȴɤɛal-Ahram Weekly, 11-17 March, 2004⏏
15) ृ༐ሾᡫϺˁμਕɴᏼᑩɇʶɛ֪ɫ⏋িؿዌɻȋᯊɹɛʠɹ˛˻̺̜֪⏃ .Haraka Mi.srīya min Ajl al-Taghyīr⏆ȍɞȵ⏋Υᖔᇕɴɻȋ˥̶ˎͻ͓⏃Kifāya⏆֪ȍɭ٧ɽʶɩȦʳ⏏Ʉɹᦲዌɻ͍Ͳ̫ͻȵᰄ͐̚ɫڟ ȭʳȋ̫͌ͻ͞˪ɻʢȩמՕ⏃˥̶ˎͻ͓⏆ȍɭȦȩ˽ͦͻˤͲɴᅓഀɐʳ⏏ؾ֪ɴɦȦɩɌȼɻ⏋ดᅒ 2005a: 41-43⏏
˥̶ˎͻ͓֪ȵؙ̫͌ͻ͞˪ɹ˽ͦͻˤͲɹάɫς֪ˁᦽʠʳμ⏋য়՟⏋ؾᔟɻ ϟɹውɴࢪɌɩᯁ៎ɹࠒֳˁኍɌɩȦɛ⏏ɌȴɌ⏋05 ॷ 3⑯4 ɴ⏋ؾᔟᏙɹᅊᏼ ᑩȋ˓˽͞ͻ͌࿈༑⏃al-Tayyār al-Islāmī⏆ȍȵ߂෯Ԓɫɹ͐̚ˁᬖࠃɌɛɹˁጩᐷɴ⏋5 ɴɻ⏋ؾᔟɻధɹ͍Ͳ̫ͻˁ֪ڊɐʳᰄ͐̚ˁೣൔᇕɴᬖࠃɌ⏋˥̶ˎͻ͓֪ɭʢΥ ࡴɹתᬠѥˁѳɠɦɦς֪ʍɹغ༑ˁഗɛɌɛ⏏ؾᔟȵ˛˻̺̜عܩɫధןϺៀฐ ɹᰄ͐̚ˁᏼᑩɌɛɄɭɴʭɤɩ⏋ςឹິ͐̚ɹៀฐɻΥຩɴୟ߂Ɍɛ⏏ؾᔟɹς ឹິ֪ɴࢪɌɩకঌɻɌȦৗܦˁ֓ȭɛ⏏˛˻̺̜عܩɫ⏋͐̚ɴؒ֓Ɍɛధןؿɹؾ ᔟ͍Ͳ̫ͻȵᦻɇʶ⏋ؾᔟ͍Ͳ̫ͻȵϭɐʳዺʢᇍᅊɌɛ⏏͍Ͳ̫ͻɹ߂ᩄᦻˁ ؝ȿɩ⏋ؾᔟɻᨾఔឹິɹ͐̚ʦᮃЦˁᰈᑢɴȦ⏋ؾᔟɹ৯ᯱȵȦכढ़ᓷᔨᏼغʦ ৾ࢃᓷᔨᏼغɲɰɫʢ⏋ςʦకఒᯊˁឹິɐʳᮃЦȵᇵ˃ɴᬖҼɇʶɛดᅒ2005a: 44-45⏏ ˥̶ˎͻ͓֪ɹᇎݭȴʰధͶᧆʶɫςឹິ͐̚ˁೣൔᇕɴᬖࠃɌɛؾᔟɫɻȡʳ ȵ⏋ᏼᑩɭɌɩɻ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɹᇍᝠಁဣȴʰɐɫɴςឹິɹకఒᯊ༎֪ˁࠃ ʠɩȲʱ⏋ɗɹᰄ֪ʢᐙᐚᇕɲఒᯊ༎֪ɹΥᨆɫȡʳɭɹឿៗˁᦚʏɩȦʳ⏏16) ࡸ᭬ɴ⏋ ؾᔟȵ͐̚ʦᮃЦɫᑵʱᦐɌɛᯃ।ϟВঘʦకᇕᕶᅓୟ߂ɲɰɹకఒᯊឹິɻ⏋Ϋ ᦚɹఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹయμʦؾᔟ͍Ͳ̫ͻɹᇍៜɴʢឿʰʶʳ⏏17) ؾᔟɻ˛˻̺̜عܩ ɫዩෑᇕɴςឹິɹᰄ֪ˁɤɛȵ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɫॶٮᇕ͐̚ˁకᇕณգ ɹΥᨆɭɌɩȦʳɄɭȴʰʢՕȴʳʭȩɴ⏋ɗʶɻؾᔟɴɭɤɩɹങԒɫɹఒᯊ༎֪ɹ ΥᄩɭеᒞЊȿʰʶʳ⏏ؾᔟȵೣൔᇕɲᰄ͐̚ˁࠃʠɩᬚʢɲȦ 5 11 ⏋ˏͻ˥̶ɻ ȋకঌɭɹዺɻؾᔟɹᩍɫɻɲȦȍɭᦚʏ⏋ؾᔟɹ͐̚ɻᇕɴ᠗ʠʰʶɛॶٮᇕɲ ʢɹɫȡʱ⏋కঌɭɹࢪໆˁᇿᇕɭɐʳʢɹɫɻɲȦౚˁᦚʏɛ⏏18) ؾᔟɴɭɤɩς ֪ᲞளɻϟմɴϜཀྵɫȷɲȴɤɛዺᇍᇕɲՏഀϟɫȡɤɛઢɻوʠɲȦȵ⏋ؾᔟɻςឹ ິ֪ˁςɴᕶʰɹఒᯊɹςˁ៲ȭȴȿʳݭɭɌɩ⏋ɇʰɴɻకঌɴςѦᦽɹܦˁ֓ ȭʳɛʠɹଝຍɹʁɭɦɭɌɩॄʛɴᅎȦɛ⏏ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɴឿʰʶʳʭȩɴకՕᩃ ɫɹ׃ୠᇕఒᯊˁែᩃɴԂʶʳؾᔟɻ⏋ᰄ֪ɹʛɴʭɤɩςȵ᧒ଁɇʶʳɄɭɻɲ Ȧɭ᠗ᡫɌɛΫɫ⏋కঌɴࢪɐʳςܦˁɌ⏋ଵܦᇕɲకႥɹఒڵˁѦɐɄɭˁ ᠅ʛɛɭȦȭʭȩ⏏19) 2.2 2005 年人民議会選挙 2005 ॷ 11⑯12 ⏋5 ॷʉʱɴϺᡴЦ᧧୲ȵࡸేɇʶ⏋ήӾܕςӾ⏋ᡉᩃӾ⏋ံଘ 16) 〈http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section=3&article=298875&issue=9662〉 17) 2005 ॷ 1 5 ⏋ˏͻ˥̶ɻȏؾᔟˠͲ͞˓ͲȑɴȲȦɩ⏋ςςᒶɹάɫɹૠఒʦᯃ।ϟВɹঘ ɲɰɴɦȦɩςɌɩȦʳȃhttp://www.ikhwanonline.com/Article.asp?ID=10089&SectionID=356〉⏏ 18) 〈http://www.ikhwanonline.com/Article.asp?ID=12079&LevelID=2&SectionID=0〉
ࣚҌជᓔɲɰᏝ 5,000 ؿɹҌជᓔȵ⏋ 3 ๖ɹହኡɴȲȦɩ 444 ᡴफ़⏃222 ᧧୲ך⏆ˁϝɤ ɛ⏏20) ؾᔟɻᇕɴɻᯃغႥɴȡʳɹɫံଘࣚҌជᓔᏝ 150 ؿˁ௩ጓɌ⏋ȋ˓˽͞ͻ͌ Ʉɗៗໆȍɹ˽ͦͻˤͲɹάɫ᧧୲ɴؒ֓Ɍɛ⏏Ʉɹ᧧୲ɴȲȦɩ⏋ؾᔟɻȴɦɩɲȦ༎֪ ɹᕶᅓˁʢɤɩ᧧୲༎֪ɴᕵʞɄɭȵɫȷɛɭɇʶʳȵ⏋ɗɹᔘಕɹʁɭɦɭɌɩς֪ Პளɴʭʳకᄩޅɹఒڵˁ୭ɐʳɄɭʢخᔨɫȡʳ⏏ؾᔟҌជᓔɹͅ˽̊ͻȵᰄɫᨗ ॒ɇʶ⏋ؾᔟҌជᓔɻధɹఌ୫ᓔɭɭʢɴᰄᦽˁɤɛ⏏᧧୲ᐄഗɻܕςӾ 311 ᡴफ़⏋ృ̶̝ͩӾ 6 ᡴफ़⏋ᐏΥᦽܕᦹغӾ 2 ᡴफ़⏋౩Ӿ 1 ᡴफ़⏋ံଘࣚ 112 ᡴफ़⏃ؾ ᔟᏙ 88 ᡴफ़⏋ɗɹЈ 24 ᡴफ़⏆ɫȡɤɛ⏏ౖࡔకӾȵήᩃӾɭʢᡴफ़ధˁཝࢹɇɓʳμɫ⏋ ؾᔟɻ 17 ᡴफ़ˁკɌɛմ܌᧧୲ɭປʏɩᏝ 5 ҆ɹᡴफ़ˁკɐʳᤲᦽˁᧅɁɛMeital 2006: 273-276⏏ ؾᔟɫɻ⏋Ʉɹ᧧୲ؒ֓ʢఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɭɹᦹᐚਸɹμɫȭʰʶɩȦʳ⏏21) ʚɛ⏋ ᧧୲ᐧ᯿ˁՕഓɐʶɽ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɹᡉჿਥரៜȵ౩ተɴؙɇʶɩȦʳɄɭȵՕ ȴʳ⏏ؾᔟۊ˗˙̸˵˓̜ȋؾᔟˠͲ͞˓Ͳȍᑂᮃᬏɹˏ̸̝˕͡˻͑͠ͻ͡˹͑͡ ̤ͻ̲ͻ⏃‘Abd al-Jalīl al-Sharnūbī⏆ɻ⏋ȋؾᔟɻŔ⏃μᅭ⏆Ŕ׃ୠᇕɲ᧧୲ᐧ᯿ˁரኍɌɛ ȵ⏋ɗʶɻ 04 ॷ 3 ɴᲞ୭ࢷᓔˏͻ˥̶ȵᇍᝠɌɛؾᔟɹ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɴᅓഀɐ ʳʢɹɫȡʳȍɭᦚʏ⏋22) ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɹకՕᩃɴᬠɐʳᡉரៜȵ⏋᧧୲ᐧ᯿ɭȦȩ ০ɫԍкɌɛɭɌɩȦʳ⏏ ϺᡴЦ᧧୲ᐧ᯿ɻ߂ȷȼՕȿɩ⏋ᖂ⏃nahda⏆⏋ᬖᇍ⏃tanmiya⏆⏋ఒᯊ⏃i.slāh⏆ɹ 3 ᨆ෯ ଁɭɲʱ⏋ɗʶɴইయȵЊɇʶɩȦʳ⏏ᖂɫɻ⏋ƦᕶᅓϺณܕɹณգ⏋Ƨѝғయ Ϻᬚ০ଁ⏋ƨߨਸ⏋Ʃݬ͍̚ˑˏɴᬠɐʳؾᔟɹឿៗᇿฌȵᦚʏʰʶɩȦʳ⏏ᬖ ᇍɫɻ⏋ू⏋ᦅ⏋ল⏋ఠᔒ⑺ድɹعՕᩃɹᇍࣙɹᇿᇕకፑᅭȵᦚʏʰʶɩȦ ʳ⏏ఒᯊɫɻ⏋క⏋ᐁཕ⏋ЦɹఒᯊɹɛʠɹԍкᇕፑȵரኍɇʶɩȦʳ⏏23) ɄʶʰɹԒ 19) ߂ᐏ᯿᧧୲ɴӴጓɦ 2005 ॷ 5 ⏋߂ᐏ᯿᧧ՏˁϺᡴЦȵ୭ؿɐʳႶҌជᓔʍɹѵКହኡȴʰភధҌ ជᓔʍɹሁஞହኡɴೃɐʳૠఒɹ౸ᯃˁکȩܕହኡȵʼʶ⏋Ʉʶȵମ᠗ɇʶɛ⏏ɗɹɹ߂ᐏ᯿᧧ ୲ɻ 10 ؿɹҌជᓔɴʭɤɩϝʼʶ⏋ɗɹᐄഗ⏋ჼᓷ̫͌ͻ͞˪ȵ 88.5⎾ɹኡɫԗ᧧ˁഗɛɌɛ⏏ؙకঌֳ ȴʰɻήӾɹʛɴգɲըఒᯊɴȹɲȦɭɹଫՠɹުȵΫȵɤɩȦʳȵ⏋˛˻̺̜رΫ՟ɹភధҌជᓔ ɴʭʳ߂ᐏ᯿᧧୲ȵࡸేɇʶɛɄɭɻ⏋ς֪ɴʭʳΥࡴɹଁഗɭѝɌɩʢʭȦɫȡʸȩ⏏ܕହኡȴ ʰ߂ᐏ᯿᧧୲ɴᕸʳʚɫɹ˛˻̺̜కɴɦȦɩɻ⏋ดᅒ 2005bˁؒ၇⏏ 20) ɄɹϺᡴЦ᧧୲ɹࡸేឹ᯿ɲɰɴɦȦɩɻ⏋˛˻̺̜ݬህۊ˗˙̸˵˓̜Ԓɹ๖ɹయೆˁؒ၇ȃhttp:// www.sis.gov.eg/PDF/Ar/Politics/0412080000000000010001.pdf〉⏏ 21) ёȭɽ⏋Პ୭ࢷᓔˏͻ˥̶ɻ᧧୲ɹ 12 8 ɴᇍᝠɌɛȋ͌˽͌͠ؾᔟɹకఒᯊᅙɴɦȦɩȍɭ ᰍɐʳު౩ɫ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹȴʰᡴᠶˁࠃʠɩ⏋᧧୲ɫɹς⏋Ёɹఒᯊᅙɴᕸʳʚɫɹᠦ౩ˁɤ ɩȦʳȃhttp://www. ikhwanonline.com/Article.asp?ID=16561&SectionID=213〉⏏ 22) 2005 ॷ 11 10 ЊؾᔟˠͲ͞˓Ͳ៨ϟȋᝓɻؾᔟɹᐧ᯿ˁ᧧ିɌɛȍȃhttp://www.ikhwanonline. com/Article.asp?ID=15738&SectionID=0&Searching=1〉⏏ 23) ؾᔟۊ˗˙̸˵˓̜ɫԃయදᏮȵخᔨ⏏ೣዣʢɄɹయˁؒ၇ɐʳȃhttp://www.ikhwanonline.com/data/ baralman2005/program.htm〉⏏
ࢅɻఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɹᐵᠶᇕɲᡉரៜˁʭʱԍкᇕɲ০ɫரኍɌɛʢɹɫȡʱ⏋θᓔɹᦹ ᐚਸˁឿՏɐɄɭȵɫȷʳ⏏ёȭɽ⏋ᐧ᯿ইయɫɻᐧ᯿ɹྈങɭɌɩ⏋ȋ˓˽͞ͻ͌ᇕณࠓ ⏃al-marja‘īya al-islāmīya⏆ȍɭȋςςᒶᇕ͍ˡ̢̀͌⏃al-ālīyāt al-dīmuqrātīya⏆ȍȵ୲Ɂʰʶɩ Ȧʳ⏏Ʉʶɻ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɴឿʰʶʳ˹͑͠ͻˏɹάɫɹకᇕณգᕶᅓɹѳ᭭ɭ ςςᒶተጓɭȦȩςɴݜɧȼʢɹɫȡʳ⏏ʚɛ⏋కఒᯊɴɦȦɩɻ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑ ʹɭؾɍȼ˓˽͞ͻ͌ɹᡉհɹάɫԊٮըᡴЦըጓૠըςըܕࢃըɹݠ୫ˁڟȭ ɦɦ⏋˹͑͠ͻˏɹհɴؙɇɲȦ০ɫɹΪณՕጓ⏋ភధకӾը⏋ԇɲ᧧୲ɴʭʳॶٮᇕక ณϯБɲɰςɹѦᦽɴɦȦɩԍкᇕςˁɤɩȦʳ⏏ ؾᔟɴɭɤɩЁ܌ɹϺᡴЦ᧧୲ʍɹؒ֓ɻ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɴɁʳςɲɰɹ ᏼᑩᇿฌˁ᧧୲ᐧ᯿ɴԍкɌ⏋᧧୲༎֪ˁᦲɍɩɗʶˁঃȼϺǾɴ៲ȭȴȿʳᩂឹɲลЦɫ ȡɤɛ⏏ؾᔟɫɻ⏋ɗɹʭȩɲఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɴݜɧȼ˓˽͞ͻ͌ᇕɲ᧧୲ᐧ᯿ȵณ ᓔɴఌ୫ɇʶɛɄɭȵᡴफ़ވ֓ɹΥ܍ɭᓒȭʰʶɩȦʳ⏏24) ɗɹઝ٢ɫɻ⏋ؾᔟɻ᧧୲༎֪ ˁᦲɍɩςʍɹʱᏼʛɲɰఒᯊɹᡉჿਥரៜˁ៲ȭȴȿʳɄɭɴଁ֒ɌɛɭʢȦȭʭ ȩ⏏ʚɛ⏋88 ᡴफ़კɴʭʳᡴЦɫɹ̺ͤ̄Ͳ˽ɹވ߂ɻ⏋ɹങԒɫɹఒᯊ༎֪ˁᩂែɐ ʳؾᔟɴɭɤɩɻ⏋ɇʰɲʳఒᯊʍɹܔɲȵȴʱɫȡʸȩ⏏
3．同胞団の非合法状態をめぐる諸問題―改革イニシアティヴを手がかりに
ೣዣɫɻɄʶʚɫ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɭɗʶГɹక༎֪ɴɦȦɩෙ៎Ɍ⏋ɗʶəʶȵ ᦹᐚɐʳᏼᑩᇿฌɹάɫᦹᐚਸˁ୫ɤɩȦʳɄɭˁ౩ʰȴɴɌɛ⏏ೣ፲ɫɻɗʶˁᤑʚȭ⏋ؾ ᔟȵȦȴɲʳᇿᇕɫఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹˁᇍᝠɌ⏋ςѦᦽɲɰɹక༎֪ˁɤɩȦʳ ɹȴˁද២ɐʳ⏏ ɄɹکᰍˁᓒȭʳΫɫᩂឹɭɲɤɩȼʳɹȵ⏋ؾᔟɹᯃغႥɹᐙᐚɫȡʳ⏏ؾᔟɻ 1954 ॷɴ̠́͡కณɴʭɤɩᯃغɇʶɩГഀ⏋ჼܧɴᕸʳʚɫᯃغႥɴᒞȴʶᐚȿ ɩȦʳ⏏70 ॷБɴ༎ˁᧅɁɛʢ⏋˵ͻ̋ͻ̜⏋̫͌ͻ͞˪θకณɻ⏋ܔɲ߂ᝓᇕݜᇻ ˁɐʳؾᔟȵకֳɭɌɩ֤ᖂɐʳɄɭˁᡰଃɌɩ⏋غɹଝᐚȷɞȿɻɤɩȦɲ Ȧ⏏Ʉɹɛʠؾᔟɻ⏋ਲ਼࿈ɭɌɩɻঃȵʱᐚȿɩȦʳɹɴ⏋ɗʶˁ୭ࢷᨆɹάɴԇিɴɷ ʳɄɭȵɫȷɑ⏋కЦֳɭɌɩ༎֪ɌȷʶɲȦ⏋ɭȦȩᭉᅠਸˁୃȭɩȦʳ⏏Υ⏋ ୭ࢷᨆɹᐏრάɭȦȩႷȦਸȵɲȦȵʪȭɴ⏋ਲ਼࿈ɭɌɩঃȵʳɭȦȩᯆʢȡʱ⏋Ʉʶɻ ჼܧɹؾᔟȵୃȭʳ෯ᦶᇕሺሄɭʢȦȭʳࢸดᅒ 2003: 58-59; ดᅒ 2004: 69-159⏏ ʚɛ⏋ؾᔟɹᯃغႥɹᐙᐚɻ⏋ؾᔟȵؙకঌᇕɲ֪ˁɤɛ᭬ɴ⏋కঌȵɗɹ༎֪ ˁᯃغᏼᑩɴʭʳʢɹɫȡʳɭɌɩৗܦɐʳɛʠɹѳɭɲɤɩȦʳ⏏25) ႕ɴ 90 ॷБɹȋ 24) 〈http://www.ikhwanonline.com/Article.asp?ID=15738&SectionID=0&Searching=1〉ςȍᦡГᭇ⏋ؾᔟɹɄɹᇕᔫਸɻɗɹ༎֪ɴȲȿʳ߂ȷɲ᭭ࢀɭɲɤɩȦʳ⏏ ؾᔟɹఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɻ⏋ɄɹᯃغႥȴʰɹᔵɹ᠅ʛɹʁɭɦɭɌɩᓒȭʳɄ ɭȵɫȷʳ⏏26) Ϋᦚɹʭȩɴ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɻࣦɴʼɛʳఒᯊரៜˁɤɩȲʱ⏋႕ ɴకఒᯊˁӦӴɭɌɩȦʳ⏏కɴᬠɐʳఒᯊரៜɻፀ 1 ፲ɫෙ៎Ɍɛȵ⏋ɗʶɻకঌ ɹȋςȍҪྡྷɴࢪɐʳᅵᡴᅕɌጓɩɫȡʱ⏋ȋሎɹςςᒶȍˁࡸჼɐʳɛʠɴςѦ ᦽˁɗɹᇿᇕɭɌɩȦʳ⏏ɗɄɴɻ⏋ςѦᦽɴʭʱ˛˻̺̜ɹకႥˁఒڵɐʳɄɭ ɫ⏋ᕶʰɹకᇕ༎֪ɹᕶᅓˁୟ߂Ɍ⏋ɇʰɴɻغˁخᔨɭɐʳకႥɹᨸଁˁᇿ୭ɐ ɭȦȩؾᔟɹᅭˁ୭ɫȷʳ⏏ ʚɛ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹȵհɭɌɩɁʳɹങԒɫɹ༎֪ɹݠ୫⏋ܕᇕᐄᮃɹ٧ʃ ȴȿʢ⏋ᯃغႥȴʰɹᔵɴᬠᦹɌɩᖂ٢ཉȦςɫȡʳ⏏ʚɑ⏋ɹ᧤ࡪɴݜɧȼغ ᇕਸൔˁᠭɐʳɄɭɫ⏋ɴʭɤɩ᠗ʠʰʶʳʏȷᕶᅓʦณգˁິʠʳؾᔟɹࠒֳȵឿʰ ʶʳ⏏27) ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɹకՕᩃɹఒᯊ൜ɫɻ⏋ਲ਼⏋ᝠჼ⏋ᐄӾ⏋ॶٮᇕ͐̚ᬖҼɲ ɰɹᕶᅓʦณգȵςɇʶɩȦʳ⏏ɄɄɫɻ⏋ɗɹغᇕਸൔɴʢȴȴʼʰɑᯃغႥɴᒞ ȴʶɩȦʳɄɭɴࢪɐʳᅵᡴᅕɌጓɩɭ⏋కঌɹଵܦȴʰغᇕɴᔵɌʭȩɭɐʳ᠅ʛˁ୭ ɐʳɄɭȵɫȷʳ⏏ɹങԒɫ⏋ɗɌɩˁգᅎɐʳɄɭɴʭɤɩ⏋ᡉ༎֪ɹᕶᅓ᧒ଁˁᇿ ୭ɐؾᔟɹࠒֳȵȩȴȵȭʳ⏏ ܕᇕᐄᮃɴɦȦɩ⏋ˏͻ˥̶ɻఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹᇍᝠʢɌɽɌɽៜؖɌɩȦʳ⏏ёȭ ɽ⏋2004 ॷ 10 20 ɹؾᔟςҼɹ˓̶̊ͻ͡⏃ుᰩ౩ȿɹᰩϟ⏆ɹЦغɴȲȦɩ⏋ȋ˓ ̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɻ⏋ఒᯊɻܕᇕᇕ˓˽͞ͻ͌ᇕɲឹິɫȡʳɭɹᓒȭɴݜɧȦɩ⏋ ˛˻̺̜ɹ߂ᝓ⏋క࿈༑⏋ܕԒᏼᑩ⏋కঌɴكȿɩᇍɌɛʢɹɫȡʳȍ28) ɭᦚʏɛ⏏కঌ ˁيʠɛԃɩɹకӾకֳʍɹתɹ٧ʃȴȿɻ⏋కঌɹȋςȍʍɹܦɭɲɤɩȦ ʳ⏏ɐɲʼɠ⏋ȋ߂ᝓɹؿɹάɫȍɗɌɩȋኘܕɹɛʠɴȍ‘Ākif 2004ؾᔟȵᇍᝠɌɛᡉ ఒᯊ൜ˁ୕وɐʳɄɭ⏋ɗʶʍɹתˁ୕ʞɄɭɻ⏋కঌɹᦽʠʳȋςȍʦЦఒᯊʍɹ ʱᏼʛɴࢪɐʳଫՠˁᅊʛȴɷɲȦ⏏ᕶʰɹȋሎɲȍఒᯊࠒֳˁኍɐɄɭɫ⏋కঌʍɹ 25) ёȭɽ⏋2005 ॷ 5 ɹؾᔟॻᨆ˓˵ͻ͌˓͓͡ͻͲᦻɻ⏋ɗɹԎ݀ᇕɲёɫȡʸȩ⏏˓͓͡ͻͲȵؾᔟ ͍Ͳ̫ͻɫȡʳɄɭɻٞሾɹɄɭɫȡʳȵ⏋৳ɹᦻࢅᆄɻᯃغᏼᑩɫȡʳؾᔟɭᬠʼʱˁ୫ɤɛɭȦ ȩᆄȦɫȡɤɛ⏏ 26) ЈɹᯃغႥȴʰɹᔵɹፑɭɌɩ⏋ؾᔟɹغకӾȵᠶɍʰʶɩȷɛ⏏ɌȴɌ⏋ࡱఠకӾጓˁ ኧɍʳჼకӾɹάɫɻɗɹࡸჼخᔨਸɻжȼ⏋ჼ୭ࢷᨆʢకӾ᠗خᅕᠱˁȩɄɭɴɻ༥ෑᇕɫȡʳ ȃhttp://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/773/eg5.htmȅ⏏ӯؾᔟ͍Ͳ̫ͻˁμਕɭɐʳȋͩ˵̜Ӿ⏃ .Hizb al-Wasat⏆ȍɹ 3ɴʼɛʳɄʶʚɫɹ᠗خᅕᠱɻԃɩάɇʶɩȦʳStacher 2002; Wickham 2004; Norton 2005; Rumayh n.d.⏏
27) ёȭɽ⏋˛˻̺̜ˏ̸͞Ԋٮܕૠፀ 3 ᨆ⏃ፀ 40⑯63 ⏆ɫɻܕɹᕶᅓณգᒶ֭ɴɦȦɩɹᡉៀࡴ ȵȡʱ⏋ЦɹʦዊইˁϕɇɲȦᭉʱɴȲȦɩ⏋҅Ϻɹณգɭᕶᅓɻѳ᭭ɇʶʳౚȵᦚʏʰʶɩȦʳ⏏ 28) ȃhttp://www.ikhwanonline.com/ik/Article.asp?ID=9037&SectionID=0ȅ
ςܦˁɌʭȩɭɐʳؾᔟɹઝܒʢȩȴȵȭʭȩ⏏ ؾᔟɹዩෑᇕɲక༎֪ɹჿᅓʢؾɴᓒȭʰʶʳ⏏ؾᔟɹΥᦹɹςឹິ͐̚ɴȲ Ȧɩ⏋ᯃ।ϟВɹঘ⏋కᇕᕶᅓʦณգɹѳ᭭⏋ɇʰɴɻϺณɹѳ᭭ɲɰȵςɇʶɩȦ ʳ⏏ᰄ֪ɴʭʱςˁ֓ᦵɇɓ⏋ɗɹᐄഗɭɌɩΥࣝɹకᇕณգᕶᅓˁკɐʳɄ ɭȵɫȷʶɽ⏋ɗʶɻؾᔟɹᯃغႥȴʰɹᔵɴ߂ȷȼࢊήɐʳʢɹɭɲʸȩ⏏ਃഀȴ ʰɹςɫȡʳȋሎɹςςᒶȍɹࡸჼɹɛʠɴʢ⏋ʚɛᕶʰɹᯃغႥɹៗ༥ɹɛʠɴ ʢ⏋ؾᔟɻς֪ˁᦽɌɩȦʳɭᓒȭʰʶʳ⏏ʚɛ⏋ϺᡴЦ᧧୲ɴؒ֓Ɍɩᡴफ़ˁ კɐʳɄɭɻ⏋కႥɹఒڵ֗ɴ᧟ɹݭɴ༎֪ݜᇻˁʳɄɭɫȡʱ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ ̘ˑʹɹᇿ୭ɐςѦᦽɴ߂ȷȼࢊήɐʳʢɹɫȡʳ⏏
む す び
ೣዣɫɻ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹˁଝȵȴʱɴ⏋̫͌ͻ͞˪కณɹȋςȍɭɹᬠᦹɹμ ɫ⏋ؾᔟɹక༎֪ɴɦȦɩද២ˁɤɛ⏏ɗɄɫ౩ʰȴɴɲɤɛɹɻ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑ ʹȵჼܧɹˏͻ˥̶୭ࢷάɹؾᔟɴȲȦɩݜೣᇕɲ༎֪୭ᩍɭɌɩеᒞЊȿʰʶɩȲʱ⏋ Ёɹక༎֪ɻɗʶˁԍкɐʳ০ɫʼʶɩȦʳɭȦȩɄɭɫȡɤɛ⏏ʚɛ⏋ؾᔟɹᯃغ ႥɴመᇿɌ⏋ఒᯊ˓̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɭɗʶˁԍкɐʳక༎֪ɻᯃغႥȴʰɹᔵˁ ᇿᇕɭɌɩȦʳɄɭˁᡴᠶɌɛ⏏Ёɹς֪ʍɹؒ֓ʦϺᡴЦ᧧୲ʍɹؒ֓ʢ⏋ɗɹ ΥᄩɭɌɩеᒞЊȿʰʶʳ⏏ Υ⏋ԗʃȋςȍȵᦽࣙˁࠃʠɛ˛˻̺̜కɹμɫ⏋̫͌ͻ͞˪కณɴɭɤɩʢؾᔟ ɹᯃغႥɻ߂ȷɲکᰍɭɲɤɩȦʳɭȦȭʭȩ⏏కঌɴɭɤɩɻ⏋ؾᔟȵࢰഀᇕɴጫ غሂଝɭɌɩدᰄɐʳخᔨਸˁᓒȭʶɽ⏋ɗʶˁଵըɐʳɛʠɹѳɭɌɩৄȷᐚȷᯃغႥ ɴᒞȼɄɭȵʚɌȦɭᓒȭʰʶʳ⏏ɌȴɌ⏋غᤉᐻˁݠ୫Ɍ⏋ȦʚʦϺᡴЦɹ 20⎾ ˁװʠʳؾᔟˁᯃغႥɴᒞȷᐚȿʳɄɭɻ⏋కঌᕶ᤹ȵڟȭʳȋςȍˁዷᛕɲʢɹ ɭɌ⏋ϺǾɹᬚɴకᇕɲံઢʦˏ̮˹ͻˁৄȷᣱɄɐΥ܍ɭɲʳੇʶȵȡʳ⏏˛˻̺̜ɴ ȲȦɩςˁິʠʳުɻɇʰɴʚʱɦɦȡʱ⏋ȋςȍకፑɭؾᔟଵܦకፑɭɹᬚɫ⏋ ̫͌ͻ͞˪కณɻ߂ȷɲ˻ͤͲ͇ɴሁᯆɌɩȦʳɭȦȭʭȩ⏏ Ёɹ˛˻̺̜ɴȲȦɩ⏋ؾᔟȵᩂឹɲˏ˪̊ͻɫȡʱᐚȿʳɄɭɴɻᆄȦɹоܩɻɲ ȼ⏋ؾᔟȵȦȴɲʳ০ɫక̺ͦ́˽ɴؒ֓ɐʳɹȴɻ⏋˛˻̺̜కȵʭʱᐏغɇʶɛล ᔨᇕɲςςᒶˁკɐʳɛʠɴៗໆɐʏȷکᰍɹʁɭɦɫȡʸȩ⏏ɄɹဣɴȲȦɩ⏋ఒᯊ˓ ̢˹ˏ̘ˑʹɹάɫక༎֪ˁᐙᐚɌ⏋ᯃغႥȴʰɹᔵɴ֗ʠʳɫȡʸȩؾᔟɴɻৄ ȷᐚȷែȵਖឹɭɲʸȩ⏏引 用 文 献
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新聞
Āfāq ‘Arabīya, al-Ahram Weekly
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