ON EXTENDED ALMOST ANALYTIC VECTOR FIELDS
IN TANGENT BUNDLES OF MANIFOLDS
WITH A NON−LINEAR CONNECTION
BYMAsAMI SEKIZAWA
Recent玉y the differential geometry in a tangent bundle of a manifbld with a non− 1inear connection has been studied by many authors.[1],[2],[3],[6],1)and it has been proved that there exists an almost complex structure in the tangent bundle of aman冠bld with a non−1inear co皿㏄tion[2],[6]. On the other hand the extended almost.analytic vector fields in an almost complex manifbld have b㏄n studied by S.Sawaki and K. Takamatsu and others[4],[5]. In.§1 we shall consider the tangent bundle of a man迂bld with a non−linear co皿㏄一 tion. In§2 we shall consider the adapted frame. In§3 we shall discusse the ex− tended contravariant almost analytic vector fields. The pres㎝t author wishs to express his hearty thanks to Prof. T. Adati fbr his I血dguidances and encouragement. He also thanks deeply to Mr. M. Matsumoto fbr his valuable「criticisms. ・ 1.Tange皿t bundle of a manifol己wit血anon−linear connection. Let 8(Mn)be the set of all differentiable functions of class C°°on an n−d㎞ensional differentiable manifbld Mn of class C°°, and駕(Mn)the set of all differentiable vector fields of ¢lass cca onルfn. Let us suppose that there is given a mapping 7:駕(Mn)×駕(Mn)→駕(Mn)satisfying the conditions: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) where X, X, of 8(Mn), the symbo17apPearing in the above equation(d)’denotes an arbitrary血ear conn㏄一 り tion in Mn. Such a symbol 7 is caUed a non−linear connecガon inハ〃[2].(7yX)ρ e does not depend on the五near connection 7 if Xp == O.7r.zx−7rX+7zx,
7アrX−f7rX,
クy(fX)一(Yf)x+f7rX, り (7rX)ヵ=(VアX)ヵ, if Xp ==0, (クy(X十X))ρ=(7vX)ヵ十(7rX)ρ, if Xp十Xp=0, − Y and Z are arbitrary elements of駕(Mn)and∫an arbitrary element and Xp denotes the value of a v㏄tor丘eld X at a poilltクof Mn, and o 1)Numbers in brakets refer to the bibliography at the end of the paper. [14]ON EXTIiNDED AI.MOST ANALYTIC VECTOR FI肌DS IN TANGENT BUNDI.ES 15
The local representation of a non一血1ear conn㏄tion is as fb皿ows. Let’σbe a coord血1ate lleighb6urhood of Mn with local coordinates(ξゐ)and e‘一∂/∂ξ⊆∂’the natural亀me coπespo血ding to(ξり. We represent 7.‘X as 7,iX−(∂iXk+rlh(ξダx))eh,’ 『: where X∈駕(ルの,X−.XZeh inσand r∼(ξ, X)are fimctions of 2n一五1dependent var− iablesξh, Xゐand homogen◎ous of degree one with respect to Xb. Then we have 7rX・=】ge7e‘x」ri(∂iX+r∼(ξ, x))θカ. Ullder a coordmate transfbmationξみLξ昨ξ)inσ(ξ)∩ぴ(ξ’)≠φ, the負1nctigns rih(ξ,x)have the fbllowing transfbmlati6n law:、−T…’(ξ’・x・)一乃・器器一器∂警叢声 『
In the next place,1et T(ハイリbe a tangent bundle ofハ〃with a hon−linear cohn6c; ti…L・tσbe a c…dm・t・n・ighb・画6・d・fM・ and(ξ・)1㏄。1。。。idin。t,、 d。血ξd inσ・ Then the open setπ一・(σ)is a coord五1ate nei8由bourhood of 7てル旬ahd.(ξh. γ)ar・4・・a1・…血・tS,・ inπ一1(σ),・be血g中・b皿d1・p・・jecti・n・πハの→ハ〃, Where・fbr a pointσ.having.10cal coordロ1ates(ξ為,ηり桓π一・(σ), the point、ρ=π(σ) has local coordin』1tes(ξりin σand(ηりare五ngar coordhlatesロ1 t五e五bre Fp=π一・(P) #w・th・respect.t・the nat暇1肋me・∂/∂ξb.. .』、・ .
T・th・tr・n・f・m・a廿・n・f l㏄・1・・…血・tes i・噸∩σ’(ξ’)≠φ∫ (1・1) ’ヤξ解一ξ〃(ξ・,…,ξり, there corresponds a transformation of local coordinates i皿π一1(σ)∩π一1(σ’)≠φ(1⑳一・一ξhLξ・’(ξ・・…・ξ・)…’一纂…’二 ’
If we put .◆“ ξ為*’一ξ(n+みγ一η!’,.ξ元*一ξ鋸+b .. opb,then w・m・y・e頑C〈1,2).a・. . 、・−tt .’ tt
(1.3) where A, B,…−1, 2, given by (1.4) ξA’ 一 9A’(ξB)一ξA’(ξゴξう, …,2n. The Jacobian matriX of the transformation(1.3)is ∂ξh’ て塞)/一 ∂ξh轟・・
0
∂ξh’ ∂ξb B㏄ause of(1・4)the transfo血ation of compone皿fS 6f an arbitrary v㏄tor V at、a コ apomt−obelonging toπ一1(U)∩π一1(U’)is given by (Vh,Vh*’)一 ∂ξみ’ γみ ∂ξゐ鑑がγ・+器γ㌣
, where we have put V−VA∂4=.戸’aA’atσ∈π二1(σ)∩π一・(u’).’− Let〃be a vectOr:field on Mn,屹may consider, fhe fbllow短g v㏄tof fields on T(ハの: ㎏ 1 ’ ‘16
M.SEKIZAWA
(a)’Xhas the components(ノXA)atσ(ξ,η)of T(ルの, where (’XA)一(一㍑が)・ (b) ”X has the components(”XA)atσ(ξ,η)of 7てMn), where (〃XA)一(8,)・ (c) 叉has the components(矛)atσ(ξ,η)of T(ルの, where (xり一(,劃・ They are called the horizontal, vertical and complete lift of〃rCsp㏄tively. Aset of horizontal五fts of a皿vector丘elds determines anπ一d㎞㎝sional subspace ffa of the tangent space at each pointσof T(Mn). Such a subspace H。 is spanned by.a basis(Bi):r(1・5) (昨己)・
where Bi is the horizontal I近of local v㏄tor field¢‘on M.. Ha is called the hori− zontal plane atσ. A distribution H:σ→Ha is ca皿ed the horizontal plane field or horizontal dis〃ibution. Aset of vertical lifts of. all v㏄tor fields detemli皿es the tang㎝t space of fibre Fp and such a subspace T(Fp)is spanned by a basis(Ci*):(1・・) . (q・・)一(,9、)・
−where Ci*is the vertical lift of local v㏄tor fieldθ‘onハ〃. An integral distribution ・σ→Ta(Fp)is complemantary to the horizontal distribution互 A.Kandatu has proved that the tensor field F detemined by(1・・) (躍(ξ・・))一(一、ih一薇認聴,,)−rlを,,))
is an almost complex structure in T(fUの[2]. 2. Adaptedむame. Let us denote 2η一vectQr fields ol1π一1(σ)(・・1) (…)一(助G・・)一(2㍊、)・
’then a system(.4a)is ca皿ed the adapteq佃me associated with coordinates(ξりde一 廿ned inσ, whereα,β,…=1,2,…,2〃. If we denote the matrb【inverse to(2.1)by
(・.・) (A・D−(説)一(芸£、)・
(2.3) (BhA)=(δ∼0), (Cみ*D=(τ▼∼δ《り, then we have AaA∠4『β==δBA, ∠taAノ{β五=δβα. If components of a tangent v㏄torγofτ(Mりat a pointσare VA, then the com− ponents with resp㏄t to the adapted丘ame areレ「a=VAAαA, that is: v・= VA∂A=v”Aa. ,ON EXTEM)ED ALMOST ANALYTIC VECTOR.FIELDS IN TANGENT BUNDI. ES 17
We see that the componepts of any horiZontal vector丘eld V are given by (Vd)一(]iih) Twith resp㏄t to this亀me, and those of any vertical v㏄tor field V are givell by (vat)イ;・)・ We also see that the components of any complete lift V of a vector飼d.びonルf” are given by ⑰一( vhがク」〆)・ where we have put ムコ ク5〆=∂」〆+(∂,・r。りが. S㎞ce the components of the a㎞ost complex structure F with respect to the adapted fξame iS giVen by Fβα=AβBFBA/laA,1 we haVe from(1.7),(2.1)and(2.3)(・・4) 腓(」,hτり・
S㎞ilarly we can丘nd that the so£a皿ed NijenhUis tensor N of the almost complex structure F which is defi皿ed in everyπ一1(u(ξ,η))by NCBA−FcD(∂DFBA−∂BEDA)一・FβD(∂bFcA−∂cFDA) has the fb皿owillg components凡βαwith Tesp㏄t to the adapted frame, (2.5) ハrrβt「=1弓・ε(ノ鍾ε」F「βα一ノ4β1己α)−FBε(∠1ε・Fra−∠4τちα) 一ρ・βα一FBδF・αa・δ”−F,δ・F・a2δβv+F,δFβ・2δ。α, where we have put (2.6) 2,βα一AaA(A。AβA−AβAγA), Aa−AαB∂β. Besides, a㏄ording to(2.1),(2.3)and(2.6)we have the.non−vanishing components of non−holonomic object 2rβα:⑳ {ぽ:こ慧ご㌫
where we have put Riih−∂」rεL∂」▼」カー乃鳶∂・・rib+r∼∂鳶・r♪, {,、一∂/∂ξ・and∂、。一、/、,、. ・ The non・vanishing components of NijenhUis tensor N may be w亘tten as②・) {㌫㌫;認ご忘ご㌫T””・
where we have put (2.9) Tiih=11」∼一τ《」カ, τ’jih=∂i*1マノ. Fillally, if X iS a tangent vector field on.T(ハの, then the components of£FBA with x resp㏄t to the adapted丘ame are given by (2.10) (£F)βα=.−Fβε∠4εXa十FεαノtβXe十Xs(9εδ”Fβδ一』2εβδFδα). 「 −” xt 18
M.SEKIZAWA
3.EXtended contra▼ariant almost魂1ytic▼ector fields. In an almost complex manifdld, th・v㏄t・r丘・ld X・iS・ca皿・d an eXt・・id・d…’佗…iant・alm・・’・・alyti・…− tor.field[5]. if it satisfies . . ∴(3.1)・ £FBA+aFBCNCDA∼rD−0,
ズ whereλis all arbitrary scalar負mction of dassぴon the manifold. Particularly. Whenλ=−1/2, this de6nition coin6ides with Sat△’s definition obtained fto皿the standpoint of the cross−section of a㎞gent bundle[4]. With respect to the adapted frame,(3.1)may be written as (3.2) (£F)βα十λFBrNrδαxa == O. ヱ Let A「be an arbitrary v㏄tor field gn.1「(・Mつ・ By use of (2・1)・(2・3)・(2・7) andi (2・10)・w・h・Y・th・n・n−vani・㎞9 C°mp°nents°f(fF)Ba:『『(…) {1鵠;:こ;欝ご三窪㌶1鰺凪’h’
x x where we have put (3・・)@{麗撫1㌶;1;i::
L。t・X・b。・an。,bit,ary・h。・i。。nta1 ’・・6t・・五・ld・nτ(Ms). The c・mp・n・nt・M*be ing zero, we have (3.5) where we have used(2.4),(2.8), and(3.3). av㏄tor丘eld v onルfn, then(3.5)are replaced by (3.6) (£F)」・+ZF」・ lv』δ唖 {(鋤」・カ*+λFiieNeδh°珊 x x =7ゴ・M+(1一λ)X”R。」ゐ, (£F)∫・〃+λ巧・・1v』δ力万δ一(£F)♪*+λ乃ε1v・δゐ*x6 x x A =・=(7jxn一λx”T.jh), Esp㏄ia皿y, if X姪ahor□ontal Uft oξ (£F)」叫鳩・N』δ唖一一{(tF)」・カ*+砺・・N』δみ*x6} x x =(1一λ)がR。」カ, (£F)∫・み+鳩・N,δhxa−(£F)∫み*+λちε1v』δ〃*x6 x x A −一(7」vh−zがTa,り. Thus, we have from.(3.2),(3.5)and(3.6) THEoREM 3.1. In a tange〃t bun〃εげa〃1απ蓼b〃withαηoπ一1匡ηεαr co〃nection・a 乃・物η’α1昭伽field・X iぷextended・C・n’ra・a・∫励α加・ぷt・aualyガCぴα〃4・吻ぴ べ (3.7) 7j・Xh+(1一λ)矛R♂−O and V」Xh−ax” T・」h=0, whereλi∵an arbi’r卿scalar functioηげc14∬C°°. CoRoLLARY 3.2. In a tangen,加π4Zθげαma鳩fold w匡,h aηoπ.linear con刀ectio〃, a horiz・〃’α1籏Xげα顕・r field V・〃ルt”iぷextended・C・π〃’avariant・alm・ぷ’a〃alytieぴand onlyぴ
べ (1一λ)〆R。ゴ』Oand 7」〆一λ〃σ万♪−0,、.
ON EXTENDED ALMOST ANALYTIC.VECTOR FIELDS IN TANGENT BUNDLES 19.
wh・ke z i・・a・ar励ary ・s・alar吻bti…f。la∬c・・..・、 ・
L・t・Xbe a…bit鋼・・ni・a1・㏄t…丘・ld・n質λの..The c・mp・n・nt、 X・.being zero, we have :. (fF)ノ+aFiεN・・xδ・・一{(iF)・・み*橘*eN・δh㌻Y6}・(3.8) r7・Xhf+λXa*Ta・ゐ・ .
, ・(fF)i・h+aF」*eN・δhXδ一(iF)∫み*+λ酬δみ*xδ 一ク’・Xh*+λXa*R。ノ, where we have used(2.4),(2.8)and(3.3). Esp㏄ially, if X is a’vertical lift of ll v㏄tor丘{}ld〃onハイ蕗, then(3.8)are replaced by (fF)51†λちεMδみ盟=一{({F)ゴ・ゐ*+λ万・εN・δh*x6} =ク」〆十λvaTaih, (3.9) ({F)・*b+鳩*eN・δbX6−(まF)」ゐ*+λFjeN・δb*LX7δ 一λがR。♪.ThUs we have froin(3.2),(3.8)and(3.9) ‘ 層「 ”
THE°REM 3・3・れτ卿・’み・熾輌%晒〃崩⑭η一1’・・・…〃…伽,・
晒・・1吻・・fie”Xi・ext・nd・d・e・〃’ra・a・i・・t・alm・・t” analy”・ヴand・ψぴ 7iXh*+λXa*T。j“・=o a〃d 7」・M*+ZXa*R。5b−o, where a∫ぷa〃arbitraryぷealar fu〃c伽げcla∬c・・.C・R・叫RY 3・4・伽伽螂ゐ〃idL・輌砲〃{fol4 wi吻・・〃−1幼・・・…ne・伽,
の・・伽1⑳吻…t・r・fi・〃・・n Mn匡・extend・d…〃・励・胸加・・’・U・ly’∫・σ
硯40吻ぴ ’
ク1’vh十λva]陥ξみ=O and v”Raiカ=0, w乃θ’eλ∫・・n・a・bitra・y.ぷcalar吻c伽げcla∬c°°. ・L・tκ』・・mp1・t・lift・Qf…㏄t・・、丘・1d.・、6・M#, th・n・・c・・dmg t・.(2.4),(2.9) and(3.3)we have 『 ‘ ’(£Fx)’丸+λFjeN・・.”X“一一.{∫興・λ*+!脚δλ*x“}一’(・・1・)(fF)−Ne、・;三雛辮篇み+(1一λ繊.・
バ ーλ{〆万力+η5(17bva)R。」施}。 Thus, accordillg to(3.2)and(3.10)we have THEOREM 3・5・ In a tangent加〃〃θof a〃mnifo〃wi〃5 aηoπ一1f〃ear connection,α C卿1・’・励げ…C’・r fi・ld v・川〃匡・・xt・nd・d・C・・’ra・・吻伽肋・・t・an・lyガ・ヴ刷40吻ぴ
(3.11) ηワあが+ληb(fibva)T』♪+(1一λ)がR。ノ=0α煽!vaTa♪+η砂(倉6めR。ノー0, where Z∫ぷan・ar励aryぷealar吻c’i・n ・f cta∬c・・. If we takeλ=1, then by v蝕tue of(2.9)−and(3.4)3, the s㏄ond equation of(3.7) is redu㏄d to 75万ゐ=0. He11㏄we may rew亘te the Theorem 3.1 and Coτ011ary 3.2 as丘)110ws:20