日本海域研究，第３４号，151-164頁，２００３
環日本海の諸国における情報化社会の発展段階と，
インターネットユーザーの比較分析
コチェトコフピャチェスラフ’・飯島泰裕２ (2002年８月３１曰受付，ReceivedAugust31,2002）
(2002年１０月１曰受理，AcceptedOctoberl,2002）
ComparativeAnalysisoflnternetUsersasinFactorof EstablishmentlnformationSocietyinJapanSeaRimCountries
VyacheslavKochetkovandYasuhiroＩＩＪＩＭＡ
Abstract
２０世紀最後の１０年間で，情報技術は社会の発展に影響を与える重要な要因となった。「'情報化社会」と いう用語はこの研究では現代文明の期間を記述するために用いられる。その期間の特徴は，グロバル的規 模の'情報空間が作られて，人々の間に効率的な情報共有作業を提供し，世界的な'情報資源へのアクセスを 可能にし，社会生活における`情報と知識がますます重要になっているということである。
グロバル規模ネットワーク（インターネット）で起こっているあらゆる発展の最も主要な要因は人間で あり，この場合ユーザーであるので，新しい社会形成や構造はユーザーの量的そして質的特徴次第である とみなす事は理にかなっていると思われる。この研究の目的は米国，曰本，ロシア，及び中国のインター ネット使用者の共通する特徴を明らかにする事である。これらの国々特に選ぶのは単に偶然ではない。先 ず，米国や曰本のような経済的及び情報的先進国とロシアや中国のような発展途上国との間の共通`性や違 いを見つける必要がある。一方，既述の国々はアジア・太平洋地域に属し，その上，ロシア，曰本そして 中国は曰本海を共有する沿岸諸国であり，そのことは本研究の実際的な重要'性にもかかわってくることで
ある
比較分析方法を用いて分析し，適切なパラメーターを量と質の両方から評価した統計的なデータに基づ いて，情報化社会が形成される状況の中で選択された国々のインターネット使用者の共通の傾向と際立っ
た特色を明らかにしてみようと思う。
influencingdevelopmentofasociety、Theirrevolu‐
tionaryinfluenceconcernsthestatestructuresand institutesofacivilsociety，economicandsocial spheres,ascienceandeducation,cultureandapeople，
Introduction
Lastdecade20-thcenturiesinfo-communication technologies(ICT）ｏｆｓｔｅｅｌｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｆａｃｔｏｒｓ
'金沢大学社会環境科学研究科(KanazawaUniversity,GraduateSchoolofSocio-EnvironmentalStudy）
2金沢大学経済学部(KanazawaUniversity,FacultyofEconomics）
－１５１－
ｓｗａｙｏｆｌｉｆｅＭａｎｙａｄｖａｎｃｅｄａｎｄｌｅｓｓｄeveloped countrieshavetothefullrealizedthoseenormous advantageswhicharebornwithitselfwithdevelop‐
mentanddistributionoflCT・Thereisnobodydoes notcausedoubtthatfact,thatmovementtoaninfor‐
ｍａｔｉｏｎｓｏｃｉｅｔｙｉｓａｗａｙｔｏｔｈｅｆｕｔｕｒｅofahuman civilization.“Thepoliciesfortheadvancementofthe InformationSocietymustbeunderpinnedbythe developmentofhumanresourcescapableofrespond ingtothedemandsoftheinformationage''１tisfixed OkinawaCharteronGlobalInformationSociety3，
whichissignedbyheadsof7conductingcountriesand thePresidentofRussiaV、Putin
lnthegivenresearchtheterm“Informationsociety
"(JohokaShakai)representsastepindevelopmentof themoderncivilization,describedbyincreaseofarole oftheinformationandknowledgeinlifeofasociety，
increaseofashareinformationalcommunicationsin
grossnationalproduct,creationoftheglobalinforma‐
tionspaceprovidingeffectiveinformationinteraction ofpeople,theiraccesstoglobalinformationresources andsatisfactionoftheirsocialandpersonalneedsfor informationproductsandservices''4．
Byvirtueofthateconomicbenefitsofintroduction ofinformationtechnologies(ＩＴ)ineconomyalready influencethebasiceconomicparametersofthemajor‐
ityofthecountries,scientists,economistsandpolitics evenmoreoftenpayattentiontoproblemsconnected withoccurrenceofnewrelationsThelevelofdevel
opmentofinformationtechnologies，computerengi‐
neering，Internetandmobilecommunicationsets thinkingoflarge-scalechangeswhichundoubtedly alreadyoccurandinflUencepracticallyallsidesof people，slife､Theopportunityofreceptionoftheinfor‐
mationthroughInternetgivesfortheordinarynet
useralotofconclusiveadvantagesinmanyfieldsof activity・Internethasappearedintheendｏｆ６０ｓｙｅａｒｓ ｉｎＵＳＡ５ａｎｄｄｅｓｐｉｔｅｏｆｒｅlativelyashorthistoryof developmentoftheworldwideWeb,thetotalofusers ondataAccessMediaInternationalhasreachedby theend2001year3846millionpeopleanｄｂｙｔｈｅｅｎｄ ｏｆ２００３ｙｅａｒｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｕｓｅｒｓｕｐｔｏ５８０ ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ,ｔｈａｔｉｓｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｕｓｅｒｓｆｏｒ２ｙｅａｒｓｈａsgrown practicallyonhalfHowever，ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄ，
growthofnumberofusersanddevelopmentlThas non-uniformcharacter・Atunconditionalleadership ofUSA，betweenthecountriesexistseriousdistinc tionsltconcernsalsoalevelofdevelopmentofan informationinfrastructure,ｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｕｓｅｒｓｅｔｃ
Ａｓａｍａｊｏｒｆａｃｔｏｒofdevelopmentofthisorthat processofaneventinsphereconnectedwithInternet istheperson，ａｎｄｉｎｏｕｒｃａｓｅｔｈｅ“user”willnotice quitenaturally,thatthetypeandstructureofanew societydependsonquantitativeandqualitativechar‐
acteristicsofusersThepurposeofthegivenworkis attempt，ｔｏｒｅｖｅａｌｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｏｎｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄｄｉffer‐
ｅｎｃｅｓｏｆａｐｏｒｔｒａｉｔｏｆｔｈｅｕｓｅｒｏｎａｎｅｘａｍｐｌｅｏｆＵＳＡ，
Japan,RussiaandChina・Thechoiceofthesecoun‐
ｔｒｉｅｓｉｓｎｏｔｃａｓｕａＬＯｎｔｈｅｏｎｅｈａｎｄ，ｔhisdesireto revealsimilarityandtolookafterdistinctions betweeneconomicallyandinformation-advanced (USAandJapan)anddeveloping(RussiaandChina）
countries・Ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄ,thecountriessubmitted inworkconcerntoAsian-Pacificregion,moreover，
Russia,JapanandChinarepresenttheJapanSeaRim countries,thatalsodeterminesaurgencyofaconsid eredproblem
Onthebasisofthestatisticaldataandapplying methodologyofthecomparativeanalysis，aqualita‐
tiveandquantitativeestimationofresearchedparam‐
3Kyushu-OkinawaSummitG82000．“OkinawaCharteronGloballnformationSociety''、
4Theconceptofthefederaltargetprogram“DevelopmentofinformationinRussｉａｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｏｄｔｉｌｌ２０１０'’５１tisconsidered,that lnternethasappearedfromtheprojectofanetworkwiththecommunicationsofpacketsARPANet(AdvancedResearchProject AgencyNetwork)．
－１５２－
eters,attempttoallocatethecommontendenciesand featuresofdevelopmentthelnternetofanaudienceof thecountriesofconsideredregioninacontextof formationofaninformationsocietywasmade．
determinedllprimeglobaldesignzones（Project Areas)GISwiththeinstructionofresponsibleexecu‐
ｔｏｒｓ
－ＧＩＢＮ(GloballnteroperabilityofBroadbandNet‐
work)global-CanadaandJapani
-GIP(GlobalInventoryProject)－JapanandEU -TransF［>ulturalEducationandTraining，Teland
Lingwa-France,Germany；
－ElectronicLibraries，ＢibliothicaUniversalis- FranceandJapam
-MultimediaAccesstoWorldCulturalHeritage- ItalyandFrance；
－EnvironmentandNaturalResourcesManagement -Canada.；
－GlobalEmergencyManagementGemini-USA；
－GlobalHealthcareApplications-EU；
－GovernmentOn-Line-theGreatBritain；
－GlobalＭａｒｋｅｔＰｌａｃｅｆｏｒＳＭＥｓ－ＥＵ，Japan，
ＵＳＡ；
－ＭＡＲＩＳ（MaritimeInformationSociety）一EU
CanadaZ
Firstly，ｈａｖｅｄｒｏｐｐｅｄｏｕｔｆｒｏｍＩＳＰＯｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｔhe small“raw'，countriesasVietnam，butalsoBrazil，
India，ChinaandRussiawasunderlinedHowever，
laterinG8,ｓＯｋｉｎａｗａＣｈａｒｔｅｒｏｎＧＩＳｉｎＪｕｌｙ２１ｏｆ 2000,ｔｈａｔ“allpeopleeverywhere，withoutexception shouldhaveanopportunitytoenJoyadvantagesof
GIS，，、
Nowwecansaythatthepreconditionｓａｎｄｒｅａｌ ｗａｙｓｏｆｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｄｅｖｅlopmentoflnformation societyinJapanSeaRimcountriesarerealizedThis processhasglobalcharacter,ｅntryofthesecountries inGISisinevitableUseofthematerialandspiritual blessingsofaninformationcivilizationcanprovideto thepopu]ationofregionworthylife，economicpros‐
perityandnecessaryconditionsforfreedevelopment ofthepersonAsrepresentativesofexaminedregion，
１．Factorsandfeaturesoccurrenceof
aninformationsociety
“Investmentsinanelectronicinfrastructureaｎｄｉｎ ｓｐｈｅｒｅｏｆｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｒｅａｋｅｙｔｏmaintenanceofthe futurecompetitivenessofeconomyofeachcountry''6．
SuchwordsfromBillGatesbook,thepersonbrought insignificantcontributiontocreationofpreconditions ofoccurrenceofanewsocietybeginsltisfairto notice，forthefirsttimeideasconnectedwithoccur‐
ｒｅｎｃｅＩＳｈａｖｅａｒｉｓｅｎｉｎＵＳＡ，IntheMemorandum Clinton-GoreacceptedinWashingtonFebruary23，
l993yearandreferredto“Technologyofeconomic growthofAmerica，，、Newdirection,whichshouldbe created“Oneofthebasicdirectionsadmitted-devel opmentNII-NationalInformationlnfrastructure，
Afterthatdocumentinthescientificandpopular literaturesuchconceptshaveappearedasDigital HighwayandSuperhighway､Practicallyatthesame timeinEuropesimultaneouslywithithasappearｅｄ ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｏｆｌＳＩｎｌ９９４ｉｔｗａscreated“theBureau underprojectsofaninformationsociety',(ISPO-Infor・
mationSocietyProjectOffice),alinkcarryingfunc tionbetweentheCommissionoftheEuropeancommu‐
nity(ECC)andpotentialparticipantsinrealizationof separateinitiativesoncreationoftheGlobalinforma‐
tionsociety(GIS).Atpresent（2001）somethousand coordinatedlSPOprojectsoncreationGISare alreadyofferedLateralsowascreated（ISAC）－
InformationSocietyActivityCenter」nBrusselsin Februaryofl995,atmeetingoftheministersengaged indevelopmentGISinthedifferentcountriesitwas
6BillGates.,“Business＠withspeedofidea'’
7GolishkoA.Ｖ､，“Informationsociety：aboutwhatwecouldsuspect,ｂｕｔｄｉｄｎｏｔｄａｒｅｔｏａｓｋ,，，Ｍ，03.05.2001
－１５３－
expensesfortheinformationalreaｄｙｈａｓｔｈｅｍａ‐
croeconomicimportanceandcharacterizesgrowthof
useofaresource“information，'､８
２．ＩｔｉｓｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｔｏｓａｙｔｈａｔｉｎＲｕｓｓｉａｗasgenerated andsuccessfullydevelopsthedomesticmarketof teleCommunications,informationtechnologies,produ ctsandservices・Thevolumeofthemeanscirculating intheRussianmarket,achieves5-75billiondollars／
ｙｅａｒ、
３．Ａｓａｗｈｏｌｅｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ，ｄｅspiteofeconomic recession，ｇｒｏｗｓｔｈｅｐａｒｋｏｆＰＣ，thesystemsand meansoftelecommunicationgowithaccelerated ratesofdevelopment・Theamountofcorporateinfor‐
mationnetworksgrowsandcontinuouslyincreased thenumberofglobalopennetworkssubscribers､The numberoftheRussianlnternetｕｓｅｒｓａｍｏｕｎｔｃｏｍｅｓ ｎｅａｒｅｒｔｏｏｎｅｍｉｌlion・Alsointensivelyextendsthe nationalcommunicationnetworkwithsatellitechan‐
nelsusinglnstallationoftelephonesofthecountryis successfullycarriedoutandpromptlygrowsthe
marketofmobilecommunications、
４．Substantiallyinformationdevelopedmany branchesofeconomy,banksphereandsphereofthe government、
５．Inapublicopinionfromthepoliticａｌａｎｄｅｃｏ‐
ｎｏmicpointsofviewthereisproblem，surgencyunder‐
standingoftransitiontoaninformationsociety・Ｔｈｅ widepublicresonanceofthestateinformationpolicy conceptcanbeconsideredasamaintenancepolicyof theinitialstageoftransitionofRuｓｓｉａｔｏｌＳ
６．TodayRussiaisapartofglobalpoliticaland economiccommunityinsucｈｄｅｇｒｅｅｉｎｗｈａｔｉｔｎｅｖｅｒ ｗａｓｉｎｔｈｅｐａstlndirectandRussiaisconnected figurativesensetootherworldbythecableand satelliteliaisonchannels,activelyusedhundredsthou‐
sandcellularandsimplephones,faxes,computerｓetc、
７．Thestatestructureresponsibleforcreationand developmentofITbasismaintenanceofprocessesof RussiaandChinashouldentertothetechnologicaUy
andeconomicallyadvancedcountriesfamilyonrights ofhigh-gradeparticipantsofglobaldevelopmentof ourcivilizationｗｉｔｈpreservationofpoliticalindepen‐
dence，nationaloriginalityandculturaltraditions，
withtheadvancedcivilsocietyandalawfulstateJtis possibletoexpect,thatthebasicfeaturesandattrib‐
utesofaninformationsocietywillbegeneratedinthe countriesunderstablesociopoliticalconditionsand deepeconomictransformationsinthefirstquarterof XXIcentury．
2.1．Thebasicpreconditionsofoccurrenceofan informationsociety
Furtｈｅｒａｌｓｏｉｔｉｓｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｔｏｎｏｔｅｔｈａｔｆorlastten yearsinlessdevelopedAsiaPacificregion（ＡＰＲ）
countriesweregeneratedsuchfactorsofsocialand economic,scientificandtechnicalandculturaldevel‐
opmentwhichcanbeconsideredasthepreconditionof transitiontoaninformationsociety・Moredetail analysiscanshowforRussiasuchpreconditionsfoL
lowsbelow、
LTheinformationbecomesapublicresourceof development，scalesofitsusebecamecomparable withrraditional(energy,rawmaterialetc.)resources Alreadytoday，ｆｏｒexample，thesalesvolumein Russiaonlymeansofcomputerfacilitiesandcom‐
puterscience(basicallyPCandperiphery)reachessize morethanonｅｍｉｌｌｉｏｎｐｉｅｃｅｓｐｅｒｏｎｅｙｅａｒａｎｄｉｓ ｅstimated，approximately，inl5billiondollars・As showsworldexperience,costofsalesofsoftware,itis usualiyequaloralittlebitmoreexpensesforengi neering，andexpensesforapersonalcommunication facility，audioandvideoequipmentareusualｌｙｃｏｍ‐
、ensurablewithexpensesformeansofcomputer facilitiesTheseminimalapproachedestimations totallymake45billiondollarswhatwillｍａｋｅabout 5％ｏｆＲｕｓｓｉａｎＧＮＰｉｎｌ９９７ｙｅａｒ・Ｔｈｉｓｓｉｚｅｏｆｔｏｔａｌ
8TheconceptofinformationsocietyformationinRussia
－１５４－
transitionisgeneratedandfunctions． introductionintoaninformationsociety、Amplifica tion(strengthening)ofapersonalprofessionaltraining includesinthefirst，measuresonstrengtheningof informationliteracy；inthesecond，aprofessional trainingonamanagementofdevelopmentlT；ｉｎthe thirdpreparationofthetechnicalandresearchper- sonnelinarealT；inthefourth，preparationof expertsinareacontentscreation(ＣＯ・ＡｓｔｏＳｏｕｔｈ ＫｏｒｅａｄｕｅｔｏａｎａｃｔｉｖｅｓｔａtepolicyinareaITonthe datarepresentativesofcompanyNielsen／／NetRat‐
ings，theproviderofresearchesinthefieldofthe Internet,“SouthKoreaexperiencesdigitalrevolution，
ａｓｔｈｅｐｒｏｏｆｔｏｔｈａｔｔｈｅｂｉｇｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆlocalusersofon -lineservicesandweb-sitesandtheinternet-market ofSoｕｔｈＫｏｒｅａ－ｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｓｔｉｎＡＰＲ'''２serves Todeterminebecomingofnewtypeofpublicrela‐
tionsinmoredetail，itisnecessarytoconsiderthe basicfeaturesandattributesofaninformationsociety onanexampleofseparatelytakencountryForexam‐
plethecharacteristicfeaturesandattributesofan informationsocietyinRussianFederation,itisneces‐
sarytorelatethefollowing：
－formationofuniformICspaceofRussiaaspartsof globalinformationspace,fullparticipationofRus‐
siaduringinformationandeconomicintegrationof regions,thecountriesandpeoples；
－becomingandinthesubsequentdominationin economyofthenewtechnologicalwaysbasingmass useofperspectiveinformationtechnologies,means ofcomputerfacilitiesandtelecommunications；
－creationanddevelopmentofthemarketofthe informationandknowledgeasfactorsofmanufac tureinadditiontothemarketsofnaturalresources，
workandthecapitaLtransitionofinformation resourcesofasocietyinrealresourcesofsocialand 2.2．Problemsofinformationsocietydevelopmentin
theJapanSeaRimcountries･
ＦｏｒｔｈｅＪａｐａｎＳｅａＲｉｍｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓａｓｃｏmponent APRallpreconditionsandattributesJapaninherent inoccurrｅｎｃｅｌＳ・ａｎｄＳｏｕｔｈＫｏｒｅａｉｎｔｈｉｓｓｅｎｓｅｔｏｔｈｅ
ｆullarepeculiarareunconditionalleadersofoccuring processes.ＩnJapaninMay,２００２inthegovernmental committeeonlTthePriorityplanfore-Japan2002''９ whichinparthasreconsideredthesｉｍｉｌａｒｐｌａｎｏｆ Ｍａｒｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｌａｓｔｙｅａｒwasdeveloped"・Underthe MarchplanasemphasizeinCommitteealllO3actions wereexecutedand“plannedmaintenanceofhigh -speedaccessinlnternet(suchasADSLandCATV Internet)for34millionfamilies,andalsohigh-speed access(ｓｕｃｈａｓＦＴＴＨ）forl4millionfamilies,ａｎｄ alsothepurposeformaintenancelO０％accesstoa networkofpubliceducationalinstitutions'''0．The Presentplanreflectssubstantiveprovisions''e-Japaｎ strategy'''１，３１７actionsincludingatpresent・Strategy definesinthiscasethefollowingdirectionsinsphere offormationanddevelopmentlS：
１．Creationofacompetitivesuperfastnetwork
infrastructure
２．Definitionofrulesandthenewenvironmentfor electroniccommerce，
３．Realizationofideaofcreationoftheelectronic government、
４．Strengtheningofapersonalprofessionaltrain‐
ｌｎｇ
Ｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｆｒａｍｅｗｏｒｋｏｆａsubjectofresearch，
speakingabouttheJapanesestrategy，ｍｏｒｅａｌｌｉｓ ｗｏｒｔｈｙａｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｎａｐｅrsonalprofessionaltraining
asconcernsthehumanfactorinacontextｏｆｔｈｅ
，"fhee-JapanimportantPlan2OO2'’
101bid．
,,"Advancede-Japanstrategy,,January22,２００１informationcommunicationnetworksocialpromotionstrategyheadquarters、
l2Nielsen-netratingsGlobalRepOrtNewshttp://wwwnielsen-netratingscom/pr/prO20313hkpdf
－１５５－
ouslysensitivetoinfluenceofprocesses，goingina societybothactivelyformingpublicinterestsand moodsForusitisobviouslyimportantwhatquantita‐
tiveandqualitativecharacteristicsareinherentusers oftheJapanSearimcountries,asonefromtheimpor‐
tantsitesofeconomicprogressＡＰＲ・
ThegeneralnumberofuserstheInteｒｎｅｔｏｎｄａｔａ ＮＵＡＣｏｍｏｎｔｈｅｅｎｄ２００１ｉs3846million，Depending onregionontheEarth,ｔｈｅｓｈａｒｅｏｆｕserschangesin limitsfromlupto60％andthuscontinuouslychange (seeFiglinAttachment).Theshareofthecouｎｔｒｉｅｓ ＡＰＲｍａｋｅｓｏｎｔｈｅｄａｔａｏｎ２００１２２％'4．Including
Japantheshareofregionispracticallyequall/３ worldquantitiesofusers(seeGraphl)．Ｈｅｎｃｅｉｔｉｓ ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｔｏｔｅｌｌｗｉｔｈｔｈｅbigshareofconfidence,that processesandchangesoccuringintheenvironment
theInternetofusersAPRrenderdirectinfluenceon alllnternetpublicThusitispossibletoallocatethree originalworｌｄｇｒｏｕｐｓｏｆｕｓｅｒｓｌｔｉｓＵＳＡ,Europeand APRincludingJapan．
’ｎthenumericalattitudethepopulatiｏｎｏｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｃ ｇｒｏｕｐｓｏｎｔｈｅｅｎｄof2001diffuzedasfollows：ＵＳＡ－
１１５．５millionusers，Europel22million，Japanand APRaccordingly363and835millionusers・The increaseofthegeneraluserｎｕｍｂｅｒ(seeGraph2)for thelastsomeyears,sincel997showsastablegainin ｆｒｏｍ５１ｍｉＵｉｏｎｐｅｒｓｏｎｐｅｒｏｎｅｙｅａｒａｓforexample fortheperiodofl997-l998years，ｕｐｔｏ９８ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ ｐｅｒｓｏｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｏdof2000-2001years・Ａｎｄthese parametersunderforecastsoｆｅｘｐｅｒｔｓｆｒｏｍＮＵＡ Ｃｏｍ１５ｔｅｎｄｔｏｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｕｐｔｏｌＯＯｍｉｌｌｉｏｎｐｅｒｏｎｅｙｅａｒ (about4759millionattheendof2002upto580million aｔｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆ２００３)．
Thefollowingimportantcategoryfｏｒｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ ｏｆｕｓｅｒｓｏｎｗｈｉｃｈｉｔｉsnecessarytopayattentionis economicdevelopment，actualsatisfactionofsoci‐
etyneedsininformationproductsandservices；
increaseofaroleofanlCinfrastructureinsystem ofasocialproductiｏｎ；
increaseofaneducationallevel,scientificandtech nicalandculturaldevelopmentduetoexpansionof opportunitiesofsystemsofaninformation exchangeattheinternational,nationalandregional levelsand,accordingly,increaseofaroleofqualifi‐
cation,professionalismandabilitiestocreativityas majorcharacteristicsofservicesofwork；
creationofeffectivesystemofmaintenanceof rightsofcitizensandsocialinstitutesonfreerecep tion，distributionanduseoftheinformationas majorconditionofdemocraticdevelopment．
3．Thecolnparativeanalysisoflnternet usersinJapanSeaRimcountries．
Thus，takingintoaccountdevelopmentlTand preconditionsofoccurrencelSinexaminedregionit isexpedienttoanalyzelnternetusersstructureonthe basisofgiventosomecountriｅｓｏｆｃｏａｓｔｏｆｓｅａｏｆ ＪａｐａｎＩｎｔｈｉｓｃａｓｅａｓｆｏｒＵＳＡ－ａｓｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｋｉｎｄｏｆ ｌｅａｄerinthefieldofdevelopmentlT,andalsoJapan RussiaandChina．
3.1．UsersoftheInternetasamajorfactｏｒｏｆ ｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎsociety・
Ｆｏｒｌａｓｔｙｅａｒｓｔｈｅｎｅｗｔｙｐｅｏｆｓｏｃｉａｌcommunity usersl3ofglobalcomputernetworkswasgenerated Toformsuchsocietyiscausedbyvariousfactors economic,sociaLtechnical,politicalandpsychologi- caLItheresultthepopulationofusershasdeveloped anddevelopsasthecomplexdynamicunitysimultane‐
l3VoiskounskyAE.，HiltonT､ＳＥ.，1995.Globalnetworkingandremotecommunitiesformation､－１，：InformationSystemsand GlobalCompetitiveness,Proc・ｏｆｔｈｅｌＡＣＩＳＡｎｎｕａｌＣｏｎｆ,Toronto,Canada,ｐｐ､282-287．
l4WhitePaperonTelecommunicationsTokyo.，2001 15ＮＵＡＣｏｍ.,ｗｗｗｎｕａｃｏｍ/surveys/index・cgi
－１５６－
■■
Ｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ５０％
Ｆｒｏｍ４０％ｕｐｔｏ５０％
Ｆｒｏｍ３０％ｕｐｔｏ４０％
Ｆｒｏｍ２０％ｕｐｔｏ３０％
Ｆｒｏｍ１０％ｕｐｔｏ２０％
Ｆｒｏｍ５％ｕｐｔｏ１０％
Ｆｒｏｍ３％ｕｐｔｏ５％
函
‐ ～[＝］Ｆｒ.ｍ1%upt｡3％
｢￣１Upto,0％･rnodata
FigLWorldlnternetUserPenetratiｏｎ(2001.03)．
Source：WhitePaperonTelecommunications1999-2001''，ＮＵＡＣｏ.，Ｌｔｄ
Ｇｒａｐｈｌ、Worldlnternetusersbyregionsin2001
２％２％
Table１．UsersGrowthinRegionsForecast
１９９８１９９９２０００２００１ 157.00％131.40％120.00％113.20％
'7920%鑿iiiii1iii鱗!i鱗i1215.％
154.70％150.50％146.50％168.30％
162.50％128.00％166.10％119.40％
207』0％,8620%'1灘i騨灘iiii；
25000％153.30％182.60％154.80％
鑿|i麓!ii蝋iii灘'187個0％16670％
162.80％144.80％148.10％134.40％
2002 110.80％
116.5096 133.60％
115.70％
128.10％
146.20％
160.00％
123.70％
2003 109.40％
114.10％
130.10％
114.30％
125.20％
136.80％
150.00％
121.90％
USA Canada Europe Japan
APR(withoutJapan）
SouthAmerica Otherregmns WOrldtotal ９ 4％
34％
－J
ｐＵＳＡ
ｐＥｕｒｏｐｅ ｐＡＰＲ(withoutJapan）
回OtherregIons
ロCanada
pJapan pSouthAmerlca
Source：Ｍａｄｅｏｎｄａｔａ“AccessMedialnternational2001，，
possibletoallocatesomefeatures(seeTablel)．
ＩｎＳｏｕｔｈＡｍｅｒｉｃａｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｕｓｅｒｓｈａｓｍａｄｅ250％
Ｉｎｌ９９８ａｎｄ153.3％Ｉｎｌ９９９Ｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｅｎｄｅｎｃｙｉｓ ｔｒａｃｅｄｉｎｇｒｏｕｐ“Otherregions，，ｌｎｓｉｍｉｌａｒｙｅａｒｓ ｇｒｏｗｔｈｈａｓｍａｄｅ２16.7％Ａｎｄ123.1％・Similarsharp decreaseofapostonlｙｉｎｌａｔｅｒｃａｎｂｅｌｏｏｋｅｄａｆｔｅｒｉｎ Ｃａｎａｄａｉｎｌ９９９interestofusersgrowthhasmade223.
3％・Ａｎｄｉ、thefollowing2000hasdecreasedupｔｏ135.
4％Further，ｉｎＡＰＲｇｒｏｕｐ（withoutJapan）change
hasmade226,3％ｉｎ２０００ａｎｄ136.7％in200LThe reasonforthishasservedthinkingglobalfinancial crisisｏｆｌ９９８,entailedasitselfamplificationofinsta‐
bilityofnationaleconomiesofconsideredregionsand entailedforitselfsharpfluctuationsofgrowthｏｆ
Source：WhitePaperonTelecommunications2001,ＮＵＡ ＣＣ，Ｌｔ
Ｇｒａｐｈ２、Worldlnternetusersforecast
０００００００
●●■●●●●０００００００００００００６５４３２１
ｅｎｄｏｆ ｌ９９７
Ｓｏｕｒｃｅ：
ｏｎｄｃｆｅｎｄｏｆ⑥nｄｏｆ⑥nｄｏｆｃｎｄｏｆ ｌ９９８１９９９２０００２００１２００２
WhitePaperonTeleconnmunications2001，
CO.，Ltd．
ｏｎｄｃｆ ２００３
ＮＵＡ
ratesofgrowthHereonabackgroundofthegeneral tendencysteadygrowtｈｆｏｒｔｈｅｌａｓｔｓｏｍｅｙｅａｒｓａｒｅ
－１５７－
一三一一一｜》’’一》
ユ－．－－－－－三一一一…－－１
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ｉｎｗｏｒｌｄ
Ｏｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｓｓａｉｄｂｅｆｏｒｅｉｔｉspossibletodrawan intermediateconclusion,thatinindustrialsocietythe roleofthehumanfactorisinmanyrespectsbaseand determiningsorationallythepersonasthelaborforce isthefactorofmariufactureontheonehand,andthe participantproductionrelationsineconomywith another・Ｓｔｉｌｌｔｈｅｂｉｇｕｒｇｅｎｃｙｉｓｇｏｔｗｉｔｈｔｈｅhuman factorattransitiontonew，postindustrial，digitalor
information17 numberofusersForRussiaforexample，thegiven
period(August,1998)ischaracteristicsharpgrowthof adollarexchangerateonacurrencystockexchange (therealroubleexchangeratehasfallenon６０％)l6 fndfollowedbehindthisstrongreductionofeconomic activityThoughbranchesconnectedwiththeinfor‐
mationcomputerengineeringhaveremainedinrather stableconditionForthelnternetprovidersitwas expressedinriseinpriceofpurchaseoftrafficand thereforebyincreasetypesonservicestheInternet forusers，thatcertainlyhasloweredinflowofnew usersandhasfoundrealexpressioninreductionof growthduringl998-l999yearsThusitispossibleto lookafterdependenceofgrowthofusersvolumethe Internetfromaconditionofnationaleconomy・
Ｄｖｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｕｓｅｒｓｈａｓａｌｓｏthecertain features、Foradvancedeconomicallythecountries ratherlowandstablerateofapostwithoutstrongly pronouncedfluctuationswithgradualdelayofratesof growthischaracteristicSuitableexampleinthis senseareＵＳＡ(seeGraph3)．
Asopposedtothis,forlessdevelopedcountriesare characteristicsharp,withthebigamplitudeoffluctua‐
ｔｉｏｎｏｆｒａｔｅｓｏｆｇｒｏｗｔｈｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｕｓｅrsattheir subsequentaveragingandapproximationtoaverage
3.2．Dynamicｓｏｆｖｏｌｕｍｅｏｆｕｓｅｒｓｔｈｅｌｎｔｅｒｎｅｔｉｎｔhe countriesofexaminedregion，
Asitwasalreadymentionedaboveinworkas objectsoftheanalysisthreecountriesincludedin groupofthecountriesｏｆｃｏａｓｔｏｆｓｅａｏｆＪａｐａｎａｒｅ ｓｕｂｍｉｔｔｅdltisJapanasoneoftheadvancedcountries ofregionandRussiaandChinaaslessdeveloped countries，ａｎｄｈａｖｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｂｉｇｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｎｄｉｎfor‐
mationpotentiaLUSAaretakenasthｅｌｅａｄｅｒｉｎ ｍａｒｋｅｔＩＴｓｏｔｏｓａｙｔｈｅｌｅａderonadegreeofdevelop mentinsidethecountryofprocessesconnectedwith
transitiontoIS・
APRbyquantityofusersincludesl/３(31％ａｔｔｈｅ ｅｎｄｏｆ２００１),andonashareJapanitisnecessary9％
fromuniversalamountand41％fromnumberAPRof userscomparingnumberusers(seeGraph4,５),that USAfaroutstripothercountriｅｓｂｏｔｈｂｙａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆ ｕｓｅｒｓａｎｄｏｎａｓｈａreofusersfromthegeneralpopula‐
tionofthecountry
Furtherfollowstopayattentiontodistinctionsin theenvironmentofusersbeingbasedontheirdivision bygenderandagecriteria(seeGraph6,７).Firstofall，
astosexualdivisionofusers，ｉｔｉｓｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｔｏｎｏｔｅ，
thatformoreadvancedcountries,ｉｎｏｕｒｃａｓｅｉｓＵＳＡ ａｎｄＪａｐａｎ，shareｏｆｗｏｍｅｎｉｎｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｏｆ ｕｓｅｒｓ,itisespecialinUSAexceedsamountmaleparts Graph3・ReqionslnternetusersGrowthForecst
％％％％％％％００００００００００００００
□。●●●●□００００００００５０５０５３２２１１
1９９８１９９９２０００２００１２００２２００３
;－－－－－－－－－－－－－｜
|－←ＵＳＡ－鰯一Calnada lヨトEurope－つく－Japan
l-来一APR(withoutJapan）‐←SouthAm･r1ca
l-Otherregions－．．－WorIdtotaI ,－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－」
Scurce：Ｍａｄｅｏｎｄａｔａ“AccessMedialnternational2001，，
l6CrisisinRussiainacontextofglobalfinancialcrisis､wwwbudgetrfru/Publications／Magazines/bea/analysis/1998 17See：TapscottD・TheDigitalEconomyMcGraw-Hill，1996.
－１５８－
ｒ
Graph41nternetUsersAmountin2001． Ｇｒａｐｈ５、InternetPenetrationin2001
０００００００２０８６４２１１ ％％％％％％％
伽印、加加”
０００００００００６５４３２１USA Japan Russla Chlna
Source：Ｍａｄｅｏｎｄａｔａ“AccessMedialnternational2001，， USAjapan
Russia ChIna
Source：Ｍａｄｅｏｎｄａｔａ“AccessMedialntemational2001，，
Ｇｒａｐｈ６・InternetUsersDifferenciesbyGender
2000ＷB「
HInuDm
【Ⅱ叩切６
■皿【Ⅱ【
HHH■
ｕＢｍ■粥
【xHU
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【Ⅲ】
uHunG
ＵＳＡ
Japan
china Ｒｌｑ⑨⑨l旦両目i百~百F雨乖１
□ＭａｌｅｐＦＢｍａＩＢSource：Ｍａｄｅｏｎｄａｔａ“WhitePaperonTelecommunications2001,'，ＮＵＡＣｏｍ
Ｇｒａｐｈ７・InternetUsersAge
LUDII【Ｗｆ
【IUD別
mDIUID別
mqD別
【DID別
IUUD雛
【IIB斑
【DID
、【】Ⅵ
ＵＳＡ Ｒｕ日日垣■
Ｊａｐａｎ
Source：Ｍａｄｅｏｎｄａｔａ“WhitePaperonTelecommunications2001''，ＮＵＡＣｏｍ
－１５９－
▲■、〃、品の〃
／
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父
／ /、
罫 、
~～ミミロ、二
Underl8 18-24 25-30 ３１－３５ 36-40 ４１－５０ 51-60 Ａｂ
￣ｃｈｉｎ⑧ 15.30％ 36.20％ 16.30％ 12.10％ 8.20％ 7.60％ 3.20％ 1.10％
＋ＵＳＡ 22.50％ 24.10％ ２１．９０％ 22.10％ 20.50％ 14.50％ 11.20％ 4.00％
コトRuBBizq 16.70％ 27.30％ 26.90％ 13.60％ ７．４０％ ５．１０％ 2.90％ 0.10％
ヨトJapan
4.80％ 11.90％ 20.90％ 24.10％ 19.20％ 15.80％ ２．８０％ 0.70％ofusersthoughsomeyearsbeforemalehadsignifi‐
cantadvantageThesametendenciesarecharacteris‐
ｔｉｃａｎｄｆｏｒＪａｐａｎＷｉｔｈｅａｃｈｙｅａｒｔｈｅａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆ
ｗｏｍｅｎｏｆｕｓｅｒｓｉｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄfasterthanmaleFor
RussiaandChinatypicallyadvantageofamale'spart ofthepopulationOnthedatafor2000inRussia63.4％
ｍａｌｅａｎｄ３６,6％female,inChinathereisevenmore significantdifference-74.7％ｍａｌｅａｎｄ２５､3％female AttentiontoagestructureofuserstheInternetthe examinedcountries(seeGraph7).Ｎｏｗ,isconvertible Analyzingagestructureofusersitispossibleto noticethefollowingfeatures、First，intheadvanced countriesasitseeoｎａｎｅｘａｍｐｌｅｏｆＪａｐａｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｃ ｐａｒｔｏｆｕｓｅｒｓｈａｓａｇｅｏｆ２５－４０ｙｅａｒｓ，anddistinctions betweenamaturepartofthepopulationontheone handandyounguserstill２５years，andalsobyan elderlypartofusers(than60yearsaremoresenior)，
ontheotherhandisgraduallyreducedThoughon moreearlystagesofdevelopmentthecurveofage structurehadsimilaritythatnowitispossibleto observeinlessdevelopedcountriesAsinRussia,and itisespecialinChinausersshareofthecategorytill 30yearsobviouslyprevails,ａｎｄａｆｔｅｒ３０ｙｅａｒsnumber ofusersreduceissharply・
Thisfactspeaksalineofthereasons，suchasfor exampleabsenceproperlyadvancedinformationin‐
frastructure（lownumberofcomputersonrather population，smallamountoftelephonelinesetc.)．
AccordingtotheMinistryofCommunicationsof Russiain200053thousandsettlementsonhadtele
phonelineandmorethan４０％andpopulationofthe countryhadnoｐｈｏｎｅｓＡｓｔｏＵＳＡｔｈａｔａｃｃｅｓｓｉｎｔｈｅ Ｉｎternetcoversinmoreorlessequaldegreeallbasic agecategoriesofthepopulationatgradualreduction ofashareafter35yearsltstressedhighdevelopedan informationinfrastructureandstimulatingpolicyof thegovernment,directedexpansionofaccessamong allagegroupsofusers．
Inthegivenworkasqualitativecharacteristicsof usersitisunderstCod：amaritalstatususers，struo tureofusersoneducation,andaplaceofaccessinthe lnternet､Ifquantityindicatorsgiveusrepresentation aboutalossofdevelopmentofeconomyandaninfor‐
mationinfrastructureintheexaminedcountryquali‐
tativecharacteristicsillustrateinthecertaindegree ofpreferenceofanaudienceandenabletopredict shortprospectsofdevelopmentofthemarketthe lnternetofservicesandelectroniccommerce・By virtueoflimitationofframeworksofthegiven researchweshallresuｌｔｑualitativecharacteristicsof usersinChinaByatradethestructureofusersshows aprimaryshareofcivilservantsandtheengineering personnelamongusers(seeGraph8）
TheAnalysisofusersoneducation)(seeGraph9）
shows,whatthebasiccategoriesofusersarecollege students２７％,graduatesofhighereducationalinstitu‐
tions30％ａｎｄ３１％usershavingamasterdegree lnaplaceofaccessinthelnternet(seeGraphlO)，
conductingpointsofaccesstraditionallyoccupy accessfromofficeandfromahouse-accordingly45，
7％ａｎｄ61.3％．
Ｇｒａｐｈ８・UsersDifferencebyprofessioninChina
５％ ４％８％
25％ 0％
１国GovernmentOffIcer 国EngineerIngPerson
lpClerk pServlceperson
l因Peasant 国Manuf日cturerandoperator
lｐＡｒｍｙｍａｎ
ｐＳｔｕｄｅｎｌＩ因UnempIoyedpeopIe
国OthersL--…－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
Source：SemiannualSurveyReportontheDevelopmentof China，slnternet(January､2002)．
3.3．Basicqualitativecharacteristicｓｏｆｕｓｅｒｓ．
－１６０－
Ｇｒａｐｈ９・UsersDifferencebyEducatiominChina
290％ １０％
turnstoabackwardsocietyineconomic，technologi‐
cal,politicalandculturalrelationslnconnectionwith itoneofprimarygoalsfacingtoasocietyisformnew publicrelationsandbywayofitcreationwithinthe frameworkoftransitiontoISnewgenerationof people，informationanditiscomputercompetent，in otherwordswithintheframeworkofdevelopmentthe lnternetofnewtｙｐｅｏｆｔｈｅｕｓｅｒ・Ｆｒｏｍｔｈａｔｗｈａｔｗａｙ ｗｉｌｌｂｅｃｈｏｓｅｎｉｎｍanyrespectsthesuccessofchanges occuringnowinasocietydependsForlast30yearsit ispossibletoallocatesixmodelsofthetechnological developmentcreatingbasefortransitiontotheinfor‐
mationorganizationmostpreciselyshownwhichwere realizedworldwide181nabasisofallocationofthese modelsthemechanismofconnectionofdiscoveries withtechnology，technologies-withmanufacture，
manufactures-withasocietyinallcomplexityofits socialcharacteristicslaysWeshallallocatedistinc‐
tivefeaturesofeachofthesemodelsandweshall determineopportunitｉｅｓｏｆｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｓａｖｅｄｕｐｅｘｐｅｒｉ‐
enceoftechnologicaldevelopmentofothercountries inmovemelitofRussiafromanindustriallevelto information
Thefirstmodelconditionaｌｌｙｃａｎｂｅｎａｍｅｄ“the innovationalenvironment'，whichexampleisSilicon ValleyinCalifornia(ＵＳＡ).Suchenvironmenthasan opportunitｙｔｏｂｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｅｄａｎｄｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｔｏｂｅａｓource ofinnovationalandtechnologicaldevelopmentonlyat presenceoffourobligatoryelements：asciencesub mittedbythelargeresearchandexperimentalcen tres；thelargeprivatecapital；itismodernthe equippedversatileenterprises；thebignumberof highlyskilledengineersandworkers.“heinnovational environment，,，combiningthesefourfactors，creates processoftechnologicaldevelopment､Distinctivefea‐
tureofthismodeloftechnologicaldevelopmentis creationofanetworkofinterrelationswithahigh degreeofdecentralization,and,allfourfactorsshould
3０
31％
27％
１回UnderHIghSchooI図HIghSchooIp2SYearsCoIIege lpBachelorDegree四MasterDegree図DoctorDegree
Source：SemiannualSurveyReportontheDevelopmentof China'slnternet(January2002)．
GraphlO・AccessLocatoininChina
15.40％
0.70％
19.70
61.30％
45.70％
~￣－－~－－－－－－－￣－－．－－…－－…￣￣－－－`￣`￣.￣沖．…￣…－－￣－－…－－－－~－－~~－．－~.…－－－７
１回Ｈｏｍｅ圏Office□School□lnternetCafe圏Ｏｔｈｅｒｓｌ
Ｌ－－－－－－－-．－－．－－－－－－－－－－－--－－－－－－－－－－－＿…－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－１
Source：SemiannualSurveyReportontheDevelopmentof China，slnternet(January､2002)．
4．Problemsofusersandprospectsofdevel‐
opmentattransitiontoaninformation societyinregion．
BeforeaUcountriesthereisaproblemofdefinition ofeffectivewaysandnecessaryconditionsfortransi‐
tioninaconditionofaninformationsociety，the analysisandupdatingofthecomplexsociopolitical processesconnectedtonewtechnologies、Itis extremelyimportantandresponsibleproblemfora societywhichisnotcapablesociallyandpoliticallyto varysimultaneouslywithinformationtechnological revolutionoccuringnowadays,ｃａｎappearsnotcapa bleeffectivelytousenewtechnologiesandgradually
I8VladimirBorisov、Typologyofthebasicmodelsofinnovationaldevelopment
－１６１－
beconcentratedonsmallterritoryｏｎｔｈｅａｒｅａＳｏ,in SiliconValleyhavingextentharｄｌｙｍｏｒｅ３０ｋｍ,itis concentrated8thousandtheenterprisesbelongingto2 thousandoftheCompanies,specializinginthefieldof informationtechnologiesAttheseenterpriseswork 220thousandhighlyskilledengineersandworkers，
andthescientificinnovationalbaseiscreatedfor SiliconValleysinStandforduniversity,universitiesto BerkeleyandSanFrancisco
Thesecondmodeloftechnologicaldevelopmentis basedthatinitiationofinnovations,beforetechnologi‐
calandindustrialrealizationanylargetransnational Companyhavingthenecessarycapitalisengagedin theirfinishing,havingbyacomplexoftheenterprises withamodemlevelofproductionsonwhichthe qualifiedexpertswork、ThisCompanyshouldhave theownresearchcentresorfinancesuchdevelopment inthelargeuniversitycentreSThus,TNCgenerates initselfallfourelementsnecessaryfortechnological progressof“theinnovationalenvironment，，，onlythe uncentrednetworkinterrelationshereisreplacedwith dictatorshipofinterestsTNC
Thethirdmodelis“thestateprotectionism'，、Itis characterizedbythatthegovernmentofanycountry supportstechnologicalinnovationsthroughnational privateconcernsinconditionsoftheclosednational marketfortheforeigncompaniesAccordingtothis model,thegovernmentsofJapanandRepublicKorea bymeansoflinesofmeasuresencouragedthenational companies,alloveragaininsidethecountry,ａｎｄｔｈｅｎ ｈｅｌｐｅｄｔｈｅｍｔｏｌｅａｖｅｗｉｔｈｔｈeproductionmadewith thehelpofthenewesttechnologies，ontheworld market・Thesecountriesatthecertainstagecopied theAmericanandEuropeantechnologiesandemphas‐
izedmanufactureofcheaperandbestproductionon qualityFurther，inprocessofaccumulationbythe nationalcompaniesofexperienceofinnovational developmentandtechnologicalpriorities,therewasa transitionfromcopying-toownmanufactureofhigh technologies．
Thefourthmodeldiffersfrom“thestateprotection‐
ism，，thattechnologicalprogressiscarriedoutin constantanddirectinteractionwiththeworldmarket whennationaleconomicbordersremainopen・Accord ingtothismodelthegovernmentofFrancesupported thenationalcompaniesinopeninternationalcompeti‐
tivestruggleintheinformationmarket・However,ｔｏ ｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅＦｒｅｎｃｈｆｉｒｍｓｖerydifficultlyis independenttosupporttechnologicaldevelopmentat aworldleveltoprovideitscompetitiveness,despiteof theserioushelponthepartofthestatestructures
Thefifthmodeｌｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｂｅｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｄａｓ“mili‐
tary''，isbasedinqualitygoaldesidingtechnological developmentonaspirationtoachievethemilitary superiority・Thismodelhasthebigpotentialitiesasis verystrongstimulusformaintenanceofchangesof thestatedevelopmentintechnologicalareadueｔｏ whichthecertainprioritiesofthisorthatcountryin thegeneralworlddispositionareestablishedand supportedButthemilitarymodelhastwoserious problems・Ｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔ－ｍｏｒａｌｆｏｒｉｍｍｏｒａｌｌｙｔｏｕｓe achievementsofascience,thenewesttechnologiesin creationofinstrumentsofmurder；thesecondprob‐
lem-technical：allmilitarytechnologiesareconfL dentialandkeepclosedfromotherspheresthat widelypreventsthemtobedistributedtoallsocietyas awholeltdeprivesmilitarytechnologiesofnecessary
"additionalcharging，，、Informationtechnologies demandfreedomofinformationinterchange，active movementofthecapital,attractionnewmeansforat astageofdevelopmenttheyareextremelyexpensive Therefore，inlong-termprospectthemilitarymodel killsitselfasthetechnologycontainedinasecret graduallybecomesoutdatedElementsofmilitary modelunderlietheAmericanexperienceoftechnolog‐
icaldevelopment・But,asagainstattemptofitsappli‐
ｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｅｒＵＳＳＲｉｎ“apurekind，，，inUSA themilitarymodelworkedsimultaneouslywiththe marketmodel,theopenmarketconstantlystimulated militarytechnologies・Americanstothebeginningof
－１６２－
８０thyearscametoaconclusionaboutnecessity reducelarge“defensive，，researchanddevelopment programmｅｓａｎｄｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｏｆｏｗｎｍｅａｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｐｒivate industryinfinancinginnovationalprojects
ThesixthmodelismodeloftheEuropeanCommu‐
nityltisbasedoncooperationbetweenthevarious governmentsandtheprivatecompaniesofthevarious countries・Asthough，bornfornationalframeworks
“theinnovationalenvironment"、Asanexampleof thismodelprogram“ＥＶＲＩＣＯＭ，，basedondevelop‐
mentoflargeprogramsinthefieldoftechnologiesby thecompaniesaminｉｍｕｍｏｆｔｗｏｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｏｎｔｈｅ ｇｅｎeralmeansofCommonwealthcanserveTheinter‐
nationalcommissionofexpertsacceptingthedecision onfinancing,doesnotthinkwithintheframeworkof nationalinterests,andaspirestosupportdynamismof developmentofallsystem,allEuropeaneconomy､Itis possibletoallocatesomemoreｗａｙｓoftechnological development,whichareshownwithintheframeworｋ ｏｆｔｈｅｂａｓｉｃｍｏｄｅｌｓａｎｄｈａｖｅｎｏｗｉｄｅindependent
practicalapplication．“Diffusionofinnovations'，con‐
cernstosuchways,ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅＨｅｒｅｔｈｅｍａｉｎｔｈｉｎｇ ｉｓｉｎtroductionofalreadyavailablehightechnologies inindustrialandadministrativestructures、Experi‐
enceofGermanyandItalyspeaksaboutthebig advantagesofthisway,ｂｕｔａｌｓｏａｂｏｕｔｉｔｓｌａｃｋｓＨｉｓ strength，thattechnologiesveryquicklyfindinthe industrytheapplicationandbecomeusefuLLack consiststhatallprocessofintroductiondependson characteristicsofalreadyexistingtechnologiesmade byothercountries，thesetechnologiesarenecessary foradaptingforconditionsofconcretemanufacture．
allsystemofpublicrelations・Transformedunder influencenew，ｏｒhigh,technologiesthesocietyis acceptｅｄｆｏｒｎａｍｉｎｇ“information"・Inabasisof functioningofsuchsocietytheinformationinfras‐
tructurebasingcreationofthecomplexindustryof manufacture，processing，ｓｔｏｒａｇｅａｎｄｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｌａｙｓｂｙｍｅａｎｓｏｆｐｒogressiveelec‐
tronicengineering
2、Indevelopingthecountriesofcoasｔｏｆｓｅａｏｆ Ｊａｐａｎｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｎａｄｖａｎｃｅｄlayerinternetusers networksthelnternetandinthefutureinframe‐
worksoftheAPRcountryofcoastofseaofJapan willplayasignificantroleintransfoｒｍａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃ
ｅｓｓｉｎＩＳ
３，Theanalysisofusershasshown,thatdespiteofaU originalityinternetdevelopingstructuresandthe typeofusershasaudiencesmanycommonfeatures hencedevelopsundertｈｅｓａｍｅｌａｗｓａｎｄｐｒｉｎｃｉ‐
ｐles
４．０nthecontemporaryastageoftransitｉｏｎｔｏＩＳ ｔｈｅｒｏｌｅｏｆｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓａｎdpublicorganizations oncreationｏｆｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｅｗｔｙｐｅｏｆｕｓｅｒｓｗｉｌｌ ｇｒｏｗｓｔｅａｄｉｌｙａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｗｉｌｌｂｅａｎecessityto coordinateprocessesoccuringinthegivenenviron‐
ment．
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１９９８
