氏 名
NICHOLASに こ ら す所 属 都市環境科学研究科 都市環境科学専攻 観光科学域 学 位 の 種 類 博士（観光科学）
学 位 記 番 号 都市環境博 第
272号 学位授与の日付 令和元年
9月
30日
課程・論文の別 学位規則第４条第
1項該当
学 位 論 文 題 名
A Study on Local Resident’s Acceptance to Driving Tourist by Focusing on Tourist’s Aggressive Driving Behaviour – A Case in Bali, Indonesia(旅行者の攻撃的運転行動に着目した地域住民による観光客受容の
研究–インドネシア・バリ島を例に)
論 文 審 査 委 員 主査 教 授 清水 哲夫 委員 教 授 小根山 裕之 委員 准教授 直井 岳人 委員 准教授 岡村 祐
【論文の内容の要旨】
Bali is very important destination for Indonesia tourism industry, its share around 40% of total Indonesia industry and number of foreign tourists to Bali has been increasing every year. Bali’s economy heavily depends on tourism, around 80% from tourism industry, and usually national government regards as a role model for tourism development in Indonesia. As an island, Bali has dozens of tourist attractions that are scattered in several tourist areas and most of them can only be accessed by land.
Unfortunately, Bali still has an insufficient integrated system of land transportation.
In general, the provision of road infrastructure emphasizes increase of quantity of road services such as speed, service level and travel time. A different approach must be taken by the government to serve tourism activities especially drive tourism which will directly place foreign tourists as drivers of vehicles on the road. Therefore, the government needs some feasible strategies for road development as an available option of transportation in Bali Island, particularly in order to support self-drive tourism. The
limited number of transportation options makes most of the tourists choose rental cars or motorcycles as their main mode of transportation when they travel in Bali. Many foreign tourists choose to drive themselves on their vacations in Bali. Naturally, they will utilize the driving knowledge, skill, and attitude learned from their countries of origin and at same time be exposed to a different road environment. This combination may create aggressive driving behaviour and become potential risk for local resident.
This study has two main objectives. First, it identifies possible road development strategies to support drive tourism activities. Second, it identifies the influence of driving behaviour of foreign tourists on the acceptance of local residents in Bali which covers aggressive driving behaviour (ADB) factor, factor of acceptance (FA), relation between ADB and FA to local acceptance (LA), and propose recommendation for increase the local resident acceptance to driving tourist.
SWOT analysis is applied to identify possible road development strategies. A qualitative approach that employs the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to examine the internal and external factors comprehensively is used. The results show that the strategy in road development is not only focused on conventional road development that relates to the physical road, access, routes and modes of transport but must be adapted to the social aspects that promote and maintain local values such preserve local tolerance.
This study also uses different approach from previous studies to identify the factors of aggressive driving behaviour by tourists. Questionnaires were distributed to local residents to assess aggressive driving behaviour using 5-point Likert scale in three measured variables; aggressiveness (severity), frequency (likelihood), and weight (importance). The data are analysed with factor analysis method, using IBM SPSS 25 software as the statistical tool. Analysis shows that according to local residents of Bali, tourists’ aggressive driving behaviours comprises five factors: negative intention and emotion, risky driving, physical threat, psychological threat, and improper driving.
Questionnaires were also distributed to assess factors that affect local resident acceptance to driving tourist using 5-point Likert scale to acceptance factor based on previous literature. By using structural equation model (SEM), factors that influence the acceptance of local residents and the relationship between factors can be identified in a basic model based on local residents’ perception. Analysis show there are several factors affected local resident acceptance consist of; social cost, risk, benefit, fairness, trust to government, competition, involvement. All this FA are used to construct basic model using SEM and generate a good fit of structural model with chi-squared/df (397.067/160) = 2.482 < 3, GFI = 0.921 > 0.9, AGFI = 0.896 > 0.8, CFI = 0.921 > 0.9 and RSMEA = 0.056 < 0.07.
In this study, ADB factor combines into the basic model of acceptance to find out its influence on the FA. the model based on SEM indicates a good fit of structural model with chi-squared/df (636.844/310) = 2.054 < 3, GFI = 0.907 > 0.9, AGFI = 0.886 > 0.8, CFI = 0.934 > 0.9 and RSMEA = 0.048 < 0.07. The results of the analysis show some relationships that occur between ADB factor and FA factor which are indicated by the results of hypothesis testing and how it affects to local resident acceptance to driving tourist.
In the final stage, the relationship between the factors in the model is used as material to recommend intervention that can increase local resident acceptance. The approach taken is to carry out an intervention that includes the four E's of intervention including engineering, education, enforcement and engagement (4E) between related stakeholder consist of government, local resident and foreign tourist.
