分詞
1
Eduhouse
2
働き to do doing done (過去分詞)
名詞
不定詞の名詞用法
• I like to play the guitar.
• To see is to believe.
動名詞
• I like playing the guitar.
• Seeing is believing.
-
形容詞
不定詞の形容詞用法
• I want something to drink.
• Kyoto has many places to visit.
現在分詞の形容詞用法
• Look at the sleeping baby.
• This news was surprising.
過去分詞の形容詞用法
• Look at the broken window.
• She seems
surprised at the news.
副詞
不定詞の副詞用法
• I study English to be a teacher.
• I am glad to see you again.
分詞構文
• Seeing the bus, he ran to the bus
stop.
• Hearing the news, she looked happy.
分詞構文
• Seen from the sky, my town looks
small.
• Painted white, the house looks bigger.
分詞 ( 現在分詞と過去分詞 )= 形容詞
① 限定用法 ( 名詞を修飾する ) 1. Look at the sleeping baby.
2. Look at the baby sleeping on the bed.
3. Look at the broken window.
4. Look at the window broken by Takeshi.
② 叙述用法 ( 補語になる )
5. He kept saying that he was sorry.
6. They sat talking for hours together.
7. The girl looked surprised to hear the sound.
8. I felt excited to watch the game.
3 彼は申し訳ないと言い続けた。
彼らは何時間も話し ながら座っていた。
その音を聞いて
驚いているように見えた 私はその試合を見て興奮した
限定用法 ( 前置修飾 / 後置修飾 )
4
Don’t wake up the sleeping baby.
Don’t wake up the baby sleeping in the bed.
Look at the flying bird.
Look at the bird flying in the sky . Do you know that swimming boy?
Do you know that boy swimming in the pool?
前置修飾
後置修飾
限定用法 ( 前置修飾 / 後置修飾 )
5
A broken clock is on the desk.
A clock broken by Jun is on the desk.
This is a cooked fish.
This is a fish cooked by her . Look at the cleaned car.
Look at the car cleaned by him.
1 語
2 語以上
前置修飾
後置修飾
1. frying / fried chicken fry … を油で揚げる 2. freezing / frozen yogurt freeze … を凍らせる 3. baking / baked cheese cake bake … を焼く
4. icing / iced tea ice … を氷で冷やす
5. scrambling / scrambled egg scramble … をかき混ぜる 6. a using / used car use … を使う
7. a breaking / broken window break … を壊す
現在分詞 / 過去分詞 正しいのはどちら ?
6
8. an exciting / excited game
9. an exciting / excited spectator( 観客 ) 10. surprising / surprised news
11. We are surprising / surprised at the news.
12. This is an interesting / interested book.
13. We are interesting / interested in English.
14. This sofa is relaxing / relaxed.
15. I feel relaxing / relaxed today.
16. The dinner was satisfying / satisfied for us.
17. We were satisfying / satisfied with the dinner.
7excite ( 人 ) を興奮させる
surprise ( 人 ) を驚かす
interest ( 人 ) に興味を持たせる
relax ( 人 ) をリラックスさせる
satisfy ( 人 ) を満足させる
18. This book is boring / bored.
19. She is boring / bored with this book.
20. We were amazing / amazed at the story.
21. The story was amazing / amazed.
22. He is pleasing / pleased with the result.
23. It’s a pleasing / pleased result.
24. They were disappointing / disappointed at the news.
25. The news was disappointing / disappointed for them.
26. The subway map is confusing / confused for me.
27. I’m confusing / confused by the subway map.
8amaze ( 人 ) をびっくりさせる
please ( 人 ) を喜ばせる
disappoint ( 人 ) をがっかりさせる bore ( 人 ) を退屈させる
confuse ( 人 ) を困惑させる
叙述用法 (SVC)
① 現在分詞 (… しながら～する /… して～する ) 1. The girl sat watching TV .
2. We stood talking for about half an hour.
3. He lay dying.
4. They walked laughing into the room.
5. She came running to me.
② 過去分詞 (… されて～する )
6. The girl sat surrounded by her friends.
7. The boy stood scolded by his teacher.
8. The treasure lay hidden under the ground.
9 TVを見ながら座っていた
話しながら 立っていた
走って私のところへやって来た 囲まれて座った 先生に叱られて 立っていた
宝物は地中に隠されていた
彼は死にかかって横になっていた
笑いながら
部屋に入ってきた
出典: 4. 総合英語フォレスト/5. ジーニアス英和辞典
叙述用法 (SVC) / S is C
① 現在分詞(動作の継続) keepなど
1. 物価が上がり続けている。(increase)
• Prices _______ __________.
2. 電話が鳴り続いていた。(ring)
• The phone _______ ________.
3. 自分は潔白だとその男性は言い続けた。
• The man _______ __________ he was innocent.
② 過去分詞(状態の継続) remain, stayなど
4. 座ったままでいてください。(seat …を座らせる)
• Please _______ ________.
5. 彼女の目は閉じられたままだ。(close …を閉じる)
• Her eyes _________ _________.
6. チャンネルはそのままで。(tune …をチャンネルに合わせる)
• _________ _________. 10
叙述用法 (SVOC) find / keep / leave
① 現在分詞
1. I found her sleeping on the sofa.
• 彼女がソファーで眠っているのに気づいた。
2. That man kept us waiting for hours.
• その男性は私たちを何時間も待たせた。
3. Don’t leave the water running.
• 水を出しっぱなしにしないで。
② 過去分詞
4. I found the money gone.
• お金が無くなったのに気付いた。
5. My brother kept the door locked.
• 弟はドアにカギをかけたままにしていた。
6. You should leave it unsaid.
• 言わないでおくべきだよ。 11 find: 気づく・見つける
keep : (意図的)…のままにする leave : (放置)…のままにする
叙述用法 (SVOC) have / get
① 現在分詞(…を～している状態にする/～させる)
1. He had the water running in the bathtub. (使役)
• 浴槽の水を出したままにした。
2. Can you get that old machine working again? (使役)
• あの古い機械をもう一度動くようにできますか? 3. I can’t have you going there alone. (許容) ※haveのみ
• そこにあなたをひとりで行かせることはできない。
② 過去分詞(…を～してもらう/される) 4. I had my hair cut. (使役)
• 髪の毛を切ってもらった。
5. She had her bike stolen. (被害)
• 彼女は自転車を盗まれた。
6. We must get this report finished by tomorrow. (完了)
• 明日までにこのレポートを終えなくてはいけない。 12 have=get
get+O+doing「変化させる」
「働きかけてそう仕向ける」
ニュアンス強い
使役動詞 (… させる )+ 目的語 + 原形不定詞
• make O V
• <強制>無理やり…させる
• My teacher made me study for three hours after school.
• 先生は放課後、私に3時間勉強させた。
• let O V
• <許可>…することを許可する
• My teacher let me study math during the English class.
• 先生は英語の授業中、私に数学の勉強をさせてくれた。
• have O V
• <当然>当然のものとして…させる/義務や仕事として・・・させる
• My teacher had me study for the midterm exam. (中間試験)
• 先生は私に中間試験に向けて勉強させた。
• get O to V
• <依頼>説得や依頼して…してもらう
• Everyone but I passed the test. My teacher got me to study hard.
• 私以外は皆、合格した。先生はなんとか私に勉強させた。 13
1. He had the doctor look at his leg.
• 彼は医者に足を診てもらった。
2. I’ll have someone carry my suitcase.
• 私は誰かにスーツケースを運んでもらう。
3. I got my friend to check my English.
• 私は私の友人に英語をみてもらった。
4. We need to get her to come to the party.
• 私たちは彼女にパーティーに来てもらう必要がある。
5. He had the water running in the bathtub.
• 浴槽に水を出したままにしていた。
6. He has a car waiting for me.
• 私のために車を待たせている。
7. We got the machine running.
• 機械を始動させた。
8. He got the computer working again.
• 彼はパソコンが再び作動するようにした。
14
出典: 1 総合英語Forest
5 ジーニアス英和辞典 6 ロイヤル英文法
8 アトラス総合英語
動作の完結
変化・継続
叙述用法 (SVOC) make
① 現在分詞
• N/A
② 過去分詞(…を～されるようにする)
1. I couldn’t make myself understood in English. (使役)
• 英語で自分のことを伝えることができなかった。
2. I couldn’t make myself heard in the noisy classroom. (使役)
• 教室がうるさく自分の声を聞かせることができなかった。
3. I was too shy to make myself known to her. (使役)
• 恥ずかしくて彼女に自己紹介できなかった。
15 1. I was understood by them.
2. I was heard by them.
3. I was known by her.
使役動詞が取る形
※総合英語Ultimate 16
do to do done doing
make ○ × ○ ×
have ○ × ○ ○
get × ○ ○ ○
let ○ × × ×
1. My mother made me clean my room.
2. I couldn’t make myself understood in English.
3. I had a cleaner clean my room.
4. I had/got my room cleaned.
5. I couldn’t have/get him laughing.
6. I got my sister to clean my room.
7. My father let me go to the party.
(彼を笑わせることができなかった) (清掃員に部屋を掃除してもらった) (部屋を掃除してもらった)
(姉/妹に部屋を掃除してもらった) (私に部屋を掃除させた)
(私をパーティーに行かせてくれた) 2. (英語で自分の言いたいことを伝えられなかった)
叙述用法 (SVOC) 知覚動詞
① 現在分詞
1. I saw the girl crossing the street.
• その女の子が通りを横切るのを見た。
2. I heard someone singing in the classroom.
• 誰かが教室で歌っているのを聞いた。
3. She felt her baby moving inside her.
• 彼女の中で赤ちゃんが動くのを感じた。
② 過去分詞
4. Have you heard this song sung in English?
• この歌が英語で歌われるのを聞いたことがありますか? 5. I saw a bicycle chained to the fence.
• 自転車がフェンスにつながれているのを見た。
6. I saw a man caught by the police.
• 私はある男性が警察に捕まえられるのを見た。 17
18 1. I saw the cat drink the milk.
• 私はその猫がミルクを飲むのを(一部始終)見た。
2. I saw the cat drinking the milk.
• 私はその猫がミルクを飲んでいる(瞬間)のを見た。
3. I saw Tom run 50 meters.
• Tomが50メートル走ったのを見た。
4. I saw Tom running along the river.
• Tomが川沿いを走っているところを見た。
5. I’ve heard her sing on several occasions.
• 彼女が歌を歌うのを数回聞いたことがある。
6. When I passed by her house, I heard her singing in her room.
• 彼女の部屋から彼女の歌声が聞こえた。
知覚動詞 +O+ 原形動詞 : 最初から最後まで・完結した行為 知覚動詞 +O+ 現在分詞 : その瞬間・動作の途中
※出典: 1,2 総合英語One/3,4総合英語able
叙述用法 (SVOC) 知覚動詞
① 現在分詞
1. I smelled something burning.
• 何かが焦げているにおいがした。
2. I caught the student sleeping in class.
• その生徒が授業中寝ているのを見つけた。
3. I noticed Kanta looking at me in class.
• Kantaが授業中に私を見ているのに気づいた。
② 過去分詞
4. I heard my name called in the waiting room.
• 待合室で自分の名前が呼ばれるのを聞いた。
5. I saw the thief arrested.
• その泥棒が逮捕されるのを見た。
6. He felt himself lifted up when he was sleeping.
• 眠っているときに自分の体が持ち上げられた感じがした。19
出典: 5 総合英語be
付帯状況 with+ 名詞 + 分詞
1. The boy looked at me with his eyes shining.
• その少年は目を輝かせながら私を見た。
2. The teacher was sitting with his arms folded.
• その先生は腕組みしながら座っていた。
20
O C
O C
His eyes were shining.
His arms were folded.
主節と同時に起こっている事柄を補足的に説明する
付帯状況 with+ 名詞 + 分詞
1. 彼女は目を閉じたまま、椅子に座っていた。
• She was sitting with _____ _____ _______.
2. Markはエンジンをかけたまま車から出た。 (run)
• Mark left his car with the engine _________.
3. 彼は足を組んだまま授業を受けていた。(cross)
• He was taking a class with _____ _____ ________.
4. 彼女は長い髪を風になびかせながら走っていた。(wave)
• She was running with ____ long _____ ________ in the wind.
5. 彼はうなずきながら私の話を聞いていた。(nod)
• He was listening to me with ____ head ________.
6. 全てが準備された状態で授業をしたい。(prepare)
• I want to start my lesson with _________ _________.
21
付帯状況 with+ 名詞 + 形容詞 / 副詞 / 前置詞句
1. 彼は目を開けたまま、眠っていた。
• He was sleeping with _____ ______ _______.
2. 食べ物を入れたまま話さないで。
• Don’t speak with _____ ______ _______.
3. Josephは明かりをつけたまま家を出た。
• Joseph left home with the lights _______.
4. 彼らは靴を脱いだままビーチを歩いた。
• They walked on the beach with ______ ______ _______.
5. 彼女は目に涙を浮かべて私に謝った。
• She apologized to me with tears _____ _____ _____.
6. Karenは本を腕に挟みながら歩いていた。
• Karen was walking with a book ______ ______ ______.
22
分詞のその他の表現
1. be busy (in) doing …するのに忙しい
• We are very busy (in) preparing for the party.
• My mother is busy (in) making dinner.
2. spend time (in/on) doing …するのに費やす
• I spent a lot of time (in) playing games last night.
• We spent the weekend (in) watching TV dramas.
• She spends a lot of money (on) buying clothes.
• I spent money (on) purchasing a new computer.
3. have trouble (in) doing …するのに苦労している
• My father is having a lot of trouble (in) giving up cigarettes.
4. have difficulty (in) doing …するのに苦労している
• I have difficulty (in) remembering people’s names.
23
現在分詞 / 不定詞形容詞用法
1. I need someone to write a letter for me.
• 手紙を代筆してくれる人が必要です｡
2. The woman writing a letter over there is my mother.
• 向こうで手紙を書いている女性は私の母です｡
24
to 不定詞はこれから行う未来のこと
現在分詞は今実際に行われていること
※総合英語Ultimate
現在分詞と動名詞
1. Don’t wake up the sleeping baby.
• the baby is sleeping
• 「…している」現在分詞
2. Bob bought a ticket for a sleeping car.
– a car for sleeping 眠るための車両=>寝台列車 – 「…のための」動名詞
1. sleeping bag
2. washing machine 3. swimming pool 4. waiting room 5. frying pan
• 寝袋
• 洗濯機
• プール
• 待合室
• フライパン
※出典:New Treasure2
アクセントの 位置異なる
fall : <もの・人が>落ちる [自動詞]
1. The ground is covered with fallen leaves.
• the leaves have fallen 落ち終わった葉っぱ(完了)=>落ち葉 2. We walked through falling leaves.
• the leaves are falling 落ちつつある葉=>宙に舞う葉 develop: 発達する,発展する [自動詞]
1. a developed country / 2. a developing country /
自動詞の過去分詞
先進国
※出典:New Treasure2
発展途上国 1. advanced technology
2. a grown man
3. a retired employee
• 先進技術
• 大人
• 退職した従業員
there + be 動詞 + 名詞 + 分詞
1. There was a young girl walking alone on the road.
※ A young girl was walking alone on the road.
A young girl が新情報なので後ろに持っていきたい。
• 若い女の子が一人で道を歩いていた。
2. There‘s a typhoon approaching Okinawa.
• 沖縄に台風が接近中だ。
3. Are there any seats left?
• まだ席は残っていますか。
4. There is a boy bitten by a dog.
• 犬にかまれた少年がいる。
5. There were a lot of cars parked on the street.
• その通りにたくさんの車が駐車されていた。
27
the + 分詞 / 形容詞 / 名詞
1. the dying = dying people (死にかけている人々)
2. the wounded = wounded people (けがをした人々) 3. the injured = injured people(けがをした人々) 4. the unemployed = unemployed people(失業者)
5. the poor = poor people
6. the rich = rich people
7. the young = young people
8. the old = old people
9. the sick = sick people
10. the beautiful = beauty(美しさ) 11. the Japanese(名詞) = Japanese people 12. the Spanish(名詞) = Spanish people
28
分詞構文 ( 作り方 )
29
• When he saw a police officer, he ran away.
1. When he saw a police officer, he ran away.
2. He saw a police officer, he ran away.
3. Seeing a police officer, he ran away. ( 分詞構文 )
1. 接続詞を消す
2. 従節の主語が主節の主語と同じ =>消す
従節の主語が主節の主語と異なる =>残す(独立分詞構文) 3. 従節の時制が主節の時制と同じ =>doing
※受動態の場合 (being) done: being省略
従節の時制が主節の時制よりも前 =>having done
※受動態の場合 (having been) done: having been省略 4. 否定形はnotやneverを分詞の前に置く
主節を修飾 => 副詞の役割
分詞構文に すると?
分詞構文にしてみよう
1. Because he is sick, he is in bed.
2. If she hears the news, she will be surprised.
3. Because it is written in easy English, this book is easy to read.
30
分詞構文
31 1. 接続詞を消す
2. 従節の主語が主節の主語と同じ =>消す
従節の主語が主節の主語と異なる =>残す(独立分詞構文) 3. 従節の時制が主節の時制と同じ =>doing
※受動態の場合 (being) done: being省略
従節の時制が主節の時制よりも前 =>having done
※受動態の場合 (having been) done: having been省略 4. 否定形はnotやneverを分詞の前に置く
• Because he is sick, he is in bed.
1. Because he is sick, he is in bed.
2. he is sick, he is in bed.
3. Being sick, he is in bed. ( 分詞構文 )
分詞構文
32 1. 接続詞を消す
2. 従節の主語が主節の主語と同じ =>消す
従節の主語が主節の主語と異なる =>残す(独立分詞構文) 3. 従節の時制が主節の時制と同じ =>doing
※受動態の場合 (being) done: being省略
従節の時制が主節の時制よりも前 =>having done
※受動態の場合 (having been) done: having been省略 4. 否定形はnotやneverを分詞の前に置く
• If she hears the news, she will be surprised.
1. If she hears the news, she will be surprised.
2. she hears the news, she will be surprised.
3. Hearing the news, she will be surprised. ( 分詞構文 )
分詞構文
33 1. 接続詞を消す
2. 従節の主語が主節の主語と同じ =>消す
従節の主語が主節の主語と異なる =>残す(独立分詞構文) 3. 従節の時制が主節の時制と同じ =>doing
※受動態の場合 (being) done: being省略
従節の時制が主節の時制よりも前 =>having done
※受動態の場合 (having been) done: having been省略 4. 否定形はnotやneverを分詞の前に置く
• Because it is written in easy English, this book is easy to read.
1. Because it is written in easy English, this book is easy to read.
2. it is written in easy English, this book is easy to read.
3. Being written in easy English, this book is easy to read.
(Being) Written in easy English, this book is easy to read.
(分詞構文)
分詞構文にしてみよう
4. After I had finished my homework, I ate dinner.
5. Because it was rainy, I stayed home.
6. Because I didn’t have time, I couldn’t eat breakfast.
34
分詞構文
35 1. 接続詞を消す
2. 従節の主語が主節の主語と同じ =>消す
従節の主語が主節の主語と異なる =>残す(独立分詞構文) 3. 従節の時制が主節の時制と同じ =>doing
※受動態の場合 (being) done: being省略
従節の時制が主節の時制よりも前 =>having done
※受動態の場合 (having been) done: having been省略 4. 否定形はnotやneverを分詞の前に置く
• After I had finished my homework, I ate dinner.
1. After I had finished my homework, I ate dinner.
2. I had finished my homework, I ate dinner.
3. Having finished my homework, I ate dinner.
( 分詞構文 )
分詞構文
36 1. 接続詞を消す
2. 従節の主語が主節の主語と同じ =>消す
従節の主語が主節の主語と異なる =>残す(独立分詞構文) 3. 従節の時制が主節の時制と同じ =>doing
※受動態の場合 (being) done: being省略
従節の時制が主節の時制よりも前 =>having done
※受動態の場合 (having been) done: having been省略 4. 否定形はnotやneverを分詞の前に置く
• Because it was rainy, I stayed home.
1. Because it was rainy, I stayed home.
2. It was rainy, I stayed home.
3. It being rainy, I stayed home. ( 独立分詞構文 )
分詞構文
37 1. 接続詞を消す
2. 従節の主語が主節の主語と同じ =>消す
従節の主語が主節の主語と異なる =>残す(独立分詞構文) 3. 従節の時制が主節の時制と同じ =>doing
※受動態の場合 (being) done: being省略
従節の時制が主節の時制よりも前 =>having done
※受動態の場合 (having been) done: having been省略 4. 否定形はnotやneverを分詞の前に置く
• Because I didn’t have time, I couldn’t eat breakfast.
1. Because I didn’t have time, I couldn’t eat breakfast.
2. I didn’t have time, I couldn’t eat breakfast.
3.4 Not having time, I couldn’t eat breakfast. ( 分詞構文 )
分詞構文 ( 種類 )
1. 時 (when/as soon as/while)
• Seeing the bus, he ran to the bus stop.
=As soon as he saw the bus, he ran to the bus stop.
• Watching a movie on TV, I fell asleep.
=While I was watching a movie on TV, I fell asleep.
• Left to herself, she began to cry.
=When she was left to herself, she began to cry.
2. 原因・理由 (because/as/since)
• Cooking every day, I know how useful onions are.
=Because I cook every day, I know how useful onions are.
• Chosen as manager, I was proud of myself.
=Since I was chosen as manager, I was proud of myself.
• Being tired, my daughter went to bed early.
=Because she was tired, my daughter went to bed early. 38
ひとりになると泣き出した
分詞構文 ( 種類 )
3. 付帯状況「…しながら」
• We had lunch, making our travel plan.
旅行の計画を立てながら、昼食をとった。
• The actor, accompanied by his wife, arrived at the airport.
その俳優は、妻を伴って、空港に到着した。
4. 動作の連続「~して, そして…」
• I ran to the station, arriving just in time for the train.
=I ran to the station and arrived just in time for the train.
駅まで走って、電車にちょうど間に合うように着いた。
• Standing up, she waved to me.
=She stood up and waved to me.
立ち上がって、彼女は私に手を振った。
39 起こる順番で
並べる
文尾に置かれ ることが多い
分詞構文 ( 種類 )
5. 条件「…ならば」 (if)
• Going straight, you’ll see the bank on the right.
=If you go straight, you’ll see the bank on the right.
旅行の計画を立てながら、昼食をとった。
• Used carefully, the shoes will last longer.
=If they are used carefully, the shoes will last longer.
丁寧に使えば、その靴は長持ちする。
6. 譲歩「…だけれども」(though)
• Accepting (that) he didn’t mean it, I still think he was wrong.
=Though I accept (that) he didn’t mean it, I still think he was wrong.
彼がそう意図したわけではないと分かっているが…
• Admitting (that) you have a point, I still think my idea is better.
=Though I admit (that) you have a point, I still think my idea is better.
彼が言うのも一理あるが、私のアイデアが良いと思う。
40 stillが使われる
ことが多い
分詞構文 ( 接続詞を伴う種類 )
1. While watching the movie with him, I fell asleep.
• 彼と映画を観ている間、眠ってしまった。
2. While staying in Korea, I enjoyed a lot of Korean food.
• 韓国に滞在中、たくさんの韓国料理を楽しんだ。
3. When traveling abroad, you should keep an eye on your baggage.
• 海外旅行時は、荷物から目を離すべきではない。
4. When preparing for a competition, you should keep your mind on the game.
• 競技前は、試合に集中するべきだ。
5. Though having finished my homework, I still have a lot of things to do.
• 宿題を終えたが、やることはまだたくさんある。
41 意味を特定するために、接続詞を分詞の前に入れることがある。
being+ 形容詞 / 名詞の分詞構文
1. Because she was unable to decide for herself, Ann asked her friends for advice.
• (Being) unable to decide for herself, Ann asked her friends for advice.
2. Because she is the wife of the President, she tries to behave properly.
• (Being) the wife of the President, she tries to behave properly.
3. Because we were cold and hungry, we had a hard time.
• (Being) cold and hungry, we had a hard time.
4. Because he is a well-known artist, he is asked by many people to paint portraits.
• (Being) a well-known artist, he is asked by many people to paint portraits.
出典: 1.アトラス総合英語 / 2.総合英語Ultimate / 3.4.総合英語One 42
beingが省略され
ることがある
自分で決めることができなかったので、友人たちに助言を求めた 大統領の妻なので、礼儀正しく振るまうよう努めている
寒くて空腹だったので、
つらかった
有名な画家なので、肖像画を描いてほしいと頼まれる
分詞構文の慣用表現
1. all things considered
• All things considered, I would like to work for this school.
2. taking everything into consideration
• Taking everything into consideration, the result is better than we expected.
3. judging from
• Judging from the look of the sky, it is going to rain soon.
4. speaking of...
• Speaking of television, what is your favorite program?
5. talking of…
• Talking of weather, how is it in Australia this time of year?
6. considering of…
• Considering the circumstances, you don’t have to quit the job.
43 すべてのことを考慮すると
…から判断すると
…と言えば
…について言うと
…を考慮すると
すべてのことを考慮すると 意味は?
分詞構文の慣用表現
7. given (that)
• Given the fact that it is cold today, we should wear a coat.
8. assuming (that)
• Assuming that my flight is on time, I’ll be home by this time tomorrow.
9. providing/provided (that)
• You can get a good seat provided you reserve it in advance.
10. suppose/supposing (that)
※仮定法使用可
• Suppose that I miss the last train, what should I do?
• Suppose you were President, what would you do?
44
…を考慮に入れると
もし…ならば もし…ならば もし…ならば
意味は?
分詞構文の慣用表現
11. generally speaking
• Generally speaking, this part of Japan has a mild climate.
12. frankly speaking
• Frankly speaking, I cannot afford to buy the car.
13. strictly speaking
• Strictly speaking, this sentence is not grammatically correct.
14. weather permitting
• Weather permitting, we are planning to go to the beach.
15. compared with/to
• The US is large compared with/to Japan.
45 一般的に言うと
率直に言うと
天気が許せば 厳密に言うと
意味は?
…と比べると
1. He writes well but he doesn’t know much about the ( ) language.
1. speaking / 2. speak / 3. spoke / 4. spoken
2. It is necessary to make the fact ( ) to all the students.
1. know / 2.to know / 3. known / 4. knowing
3. We often hear it ( ) that Japanese people are conservative.
1. say / 2. says / 3. said / 4. saying 4. ( ) lunch today, I’m starving.
1. Having not / 2. Not having had 3. Not having / 4. Having had
5. With two trained rescuers ( ), the pilot was extracted from his seat and lifted to the ground.
1. assistance / 2. assisted / 3. assisting / 4. assistant
出典: 標準 英文法・語法問題1,000 <解答巻末> 46
6. ( ) a different order, these words would make no sense.
1. In placing / 2. Placed in
3. If they place in / 4. if they had placed in 7. ( ), the simplest explanation is the best.
1. Being other things equal / 2. Being equal to other things 3. Other things being equal / 4. Other things equal being 8. The dog, properly ( ), will be a faithful servant.
1. having trained / 2. to train / 3. trained / 4. training 9. ( ) his age, the teacher looks pretty young.
1. Consider / 2. Considered 3. Having considered / 4. Considering
10. There ( ) no further problems to discuss, we called off the meeting.
1. are / 2. be / 3. being / 4. is
出典: 標準 英文法・語法問題1,000 <解答巻末> 47
1. The ( ) to the students were very difficult.
1. given tests / 2. giving tests / 3. tests given / 4. tests giving 2. I want all of the furniture ( ) to our house right away.
1. to take / 2. taken / 3. taking / 4. take
3. The noise of heavy traffic was such that the police officer couldn’t make himself ( ).
1. hear / 2. heard / 3. hearing / 4. to hear
4. ( ) for a quick decision, the chairperson called for a vote.
1. His being anxious / 2. Anxious
3. He is anxious / 4. With being anxious 5. He was lost in thought with his eyes ( ).
1. close / 2. closed / 3. closing / 4. to close
48
出典: 発展 英文法・語法問題1,000 <解答巻末>
6. ( ) the story before, she didn’t want to hear it again.
1. Heard / 2. Being heard
3. Having heard / 4. Having been heard
7. ( ) in an easy style, the new book is well adapted for beginners.
1. Having written / 2. Writing / 3. Written / 4. To write 8. ( ), follow the directions on the bottle carefully.
1. When taken drugs / 2. When taking drugs 3. When, in taking drugs / 4. Being taken drugs 9. The teacher caught the student ( ) in class.
1. sleep / 2. slept / 3. sleeping / 4. to sleep 10. The bus leaves at seven, ( ) at Tokyo just at ten.
1. and arriving / 2. will arrive / 3. arrives / 4. arriving
49
出典: 発展 英文法・語法問題1,000 <解答巻末>
解答
50
1. He writes well but he doesn’t know much about the ( ) language.
1. speaking / 2. speak / 3. spoke / 4. spoken
2. It is necessary to make the fact ( ) to all the students.
1. know / 2.to know / 3. known / 4. knowing
3. We often hear it ( ) that Japanese people are conservative.
1. say / 2. says / 3. said / 4. saying 4. ( ) lunch today, I’m starving.
1. Having not / 2. Not having had 3. Not having / 4. Having had
5. With two trained rescuers ( ), the pilot was extracted from his seat and lifted to the ground.
1. assistance / 2. assisted / 3. assisting / 4. assistant
出典: 標準 英文法・語法問題1,000 <解答巻末> 51
6. ( ) a different order, these words would make no sense.
1. In placing / 2. Placed in
3. If they place in / 4. if they had placed in 7. ( ), the simplest explanation is the best.
1. Being other things equal / 2. Being equal to other things 3. Other things being equal / 4. Other things equal being 8. The dog, properly ( ), will be a faithful servant.
1. having trained / 2. to train / 3. trained / 4. training 9. ( ) his age, the teacher looks pretty young.
1. Consider / 2. Considered 3. Having considered / 4. Considering
10. There ( ) no further problems to discuss, we called off the meeting.
1. are / 2. be / 3. being / 4. is
出典: 標準 英文法・語法問題1,000 <解答巻末> 52
1. The ( ) to the students were very difficult.
1. given tests / 2. giving tests / 3. tests given / 4. tests giving 2. I want all of the furniture ( ) to our house right away.
1. to take / 2. taken / 3. taking / 4. take
3. The noise of heavy traffic was such that the police officer couldn’t make himself ( ).
1. hear / 2. heard / 3. hearing / 4. to hear
4. ( ) for a quick decision, the chairperson called for a vote.
1. His being anxious / 2. Anxious
3. He is anxious / 4. With being anxious 5. He was lost in thought with his eyes ( ).
1. close / 2. closed / 3. closing / 4. to close
53
出典: 発展 英文法・語法問題1,000 <解答巻末>
6. ( ) the story before, she didn’t want to hear it again.
1. Heard / 2. Being heard
3. Having heard / 4. Having been heard
7. ( ) in an easy style, the new book is well adapted for beginners.
1. Having written / 2. Writing / 3. Written / 4. To write 8. ( ), follow the directions on the bottle carefully.
1. When taken drugs / 2. When taking drugs 3. When, in taking drugs / 4. Being taken drugs 9. The teacher caught the student ( ) in class.
1. sleep / 2. slept / 3. sleeping / 4. to sleep 10. The bus leaves at seven, ( ) at Tokyo just at ten.
1. and arriving / 2. will arrive / 3. arrives / 4. arriving
54
出典: 発展 英文法・語法問題1,000 <解答巻末>
