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翻訳 モンゴルの宗教詩 老人と鳥

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(1)

ޝ⠡⸶ޞ ࡕࡦࠧ࡞ߩቬᢎ⹞

⠧ੱߣ㠽

࠳ࡦࠩࡦ࡜ࡉࠫࡖ࡯૞

⦼ጊ ⼾  ⸶



ߟ߫ߐᎈࢽẺỦ஋ߣ߽ầỤợẆٰỉႮụỉշịẲẨܓߣ߈ỆẆᴾ ˴૏ ߥߦࠁ߃ ờẾềẆᢕẦễỦٻෙҾợụẆᨹ᪦߆ࠅ߇ߨẆ፶᪦ử᪪ẦẶềẮỉעỆᐱủỦởẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ Ӟ޿ߦߒ߃ỉ᫘ỉыࣈỆݰẦủẆׄܓỉᆆỨẟỆࢼẟềẆᴾ ঻ỤٰỉႮụẆ༓ỡỦٽᨗ߭ ỉɦẆỊỦịỦể፦߁߹Ẳฯ߁ߺỆẺỄụბẨẺụẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ៲ử˞ỜẆ࣬ẟỉộộỆٰửᢅẲẺỦỉẼᴾ ᅸỆỊᨹ᪦ẦụầỈỆ፭ủễẲề᫠ỎӊỤỮểẴỦỊ˴૏ễỆỡảẹẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᎭỡỦஙᇌỉޛẉỆẆỊởᩏỉẦẦụềẆᩌỊẼỤếẪẆᴾ ẮỉעẆ݊ẰộẰỮỡảẆ঻ỤဃộủᏋẼẲଡ଼ߧߊẨ૏ᣂߐ ߣồ࠙ụễỮẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ൴ầ૏ᣂỉଡ଼ệ ẪẦỤịẆᴾ ˴૏ ễỆỡả ờẾềẆ૏ᣂẰ ểử᫠ỎᇌẼềẆᴾ ବϐỎẮỉעỆẟỂஹỦẹẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ

(2)

ᴾ ঻ỤᎈẝỦᯓểဃộủếẨẆᴾ ᒊಏẟẵủỉẝỦẦửỪẦẺẵẆᴾ ᙸჷỤệםעử ᚧ߅ߣߧỦầᢃԡߐ ߛ ߼ễụẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ൭ớỦฯạ ỚỆᡃụếẨẆ៲ử᫱ẟẆკớˤ̜޿ ߽ểỜẝẟẲỆẆᴾ ૝ụ૝ụỆ᫠ỎӊỤỮểẴỦỊ˴૏ễỆỡảẹẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ Ắỉ៲ỊᒉẪщẝụẆỪầ៲ỊบụẶỮểềᢠịủẺụẇᴾ ɭỉẮểỉஓỚỉộộỆễỦễỤịẆࣂᎊ˳Ẇࣂ៲߅ ࠎ ߺỊ˴ߥ૏ߗỆᎊẟỤủẺẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ẮỉɭỆ࣬ẟỉộộỆễỦẮểởẝỦẇᴾ ൴Ẇ࠰݃ụử ੥߆ࠄߎạẦẆᛡẦẸỉբẟỆởẆሉảࢽỦẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ˴ வߥࠎߓࠂ߁໯ᅇỉᚕᓶỆềࣂ៲ửपộẶỮẇ঻Ụࣂ៲ỉሉảửʌẟࠎạẇᴾ ࣂ៲Ị˴૏ỆᎊẟỤủẺẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᎊẟửஓỮỂᎊẟẺỆẝỤẵẇᴾ Ắỉᑥမỉ͋ẟểềẆẮỉ៲ỆշỎबẲỚửạẬềẆᢃԡỉộộỆᎊẟẺộỂẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ঻ỤểỦỆឱỤằỦᯓễủỄẆࣂᎊ˳ẆỪầΩợẆᴾ ঻ỤầᚕᓶߎߣߩߪẆ୓ॻờẾềᚇẳẺộảẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᢕẦễỦٻෙҾỉࢬެỆềẆ࿿ẨௐܱửӝỆẲềẆᴾ ടշỉạẼỆϐỎႻႸ߹ᙸߺảềẆᛖỤỪỮᴾ ᴾ ᴾ

(3)

ᴾ ࣂᎊ˳ỊẮỉעỂͤởẦỆẇ঻ỤᎈࢽẺỦݱẰẨờỉỊᴾ ଄ỆẝẾềͤởẦỆẇᴾ ẝẬẺỦବỉẸỉܓể ẨỆẆϐỎႻႸẝ ẟ ộᙸỚảềᛖỤỪỮẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᜂᅕờʴờᨠềễẪẆ μ߹ߞߚẨࣈỉࣂʿỉࣂᧉߺ ߆ ߤỆểẪᬗẶӋẳẆᐱᅦỆടշẶỮẇᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ

ᴾ

⸶⠪⸃⺑



૞⠪ߪࡕࡦࠧ࡞ᢥቇผ਄․╩ߐࠇࠆ ᢥቇ⠪࠳ࡦࠩࡦ࡜ࡉࠫࡖ࡯㧔Ⱦɭɥɞɭɣɬɵɧ Ⱦɚɧɡɚɧɪɚɜɠɚɚ; 1803—1856)ߢ޽ࠆޕ⍴ߊ ࡜ࡉࠫࡖ࡯(Ɋɚɜɠɚɚ)ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ ޿ޕ╙5 ਎ࡁ࡛ࡦ࡮ࡎ࠻ࠢ࠻ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄ ࠇࠆ㜞૏ߩ੽ᢎ௯ޔ࠴ࡌ࠶࠻੽ᢎߢᓼ޽ ࠆ㜞௯㧔࡜ࡑ㧕ߩォ↢⠪ߣߐࠇࠆᵴ੽ߢ ޽ߞߚޕ⃻࿷ߩࡕࡦࠧ࡞࿖ޔ࠼࡞ࡁ࡮ࠦ ࡆ⋵ޔᒰᤨߩ࠻ࠪࠚ࠻ࡂ࡯ࡦ࡮ࠕࠗࡑࠢ ߩࠧࡆ࡮ࡔ࡞ࠥࡦ࡮ࡎ࡚ࠪ࡯ߩ⽺ߒ޿ኅ ᐸߦ↢߹ࠇޔᐜߊߒߡᲣࠍᄬߞߚޕ௯㒮 ߦ㗍ߌࠄࠇߚᐜఽᦼ߆ࠄථ⿧ߒߚᢥᚽ ࠍ␜ߒޔ1811 ᐕߦォ↢⠪ߣߒߡ⹺߼ࠄࠇޔ ߘߩᓟޔ⧯ߊߒߡฬ೜ࡂࡑ࡝࡯ࡦኹࠍഃ ᑪߒߚޕᓟᐕޔࠬ࠲࡯࡝ࡦᡰ㈩ߩ1930 ᐕઍߦቬᢎᒢ࿶ߦࠃߞߡᢔㅺߔࠆߪߕ ߢ޽ߞߚᓐߩㆮ‛ߪޔ޽ࠆ௯ଛߩᯏォߢ ࿾ਅߦၒ߼ࠄࠇޔ᳃ਥൻᓟޔ⊒ជߐࠇߡ ޿ࠆޕ⃻࿷ޔࡂࡑ࡝࡯ࡦኹߣ࡜ࡉࠫࡖ࡯ ߩඳ‛㙚ߪ࠼࡞ࡁ࡮ࠧࡆ⋵ߩ⾆㊀ߥⷰశ ⾗Ḯߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ ᢥቇߛߌߢߥߊޔᥲቇ߿කቇߥߤߦ߽ ♖ㅢߒߡ޿ߚ࡜ࡉࠫࡖ࡯ߪᏓᢎᵴേߩ ઁޔᒰᤨߣߒߡߪ↹ᦼ⊛ߥᢎ⢒ᵴേࠍⴕ ߞߚߎߣߢ߽⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕᓐߩ૞ߞߚ ቇᩞߢߪޔりಽ߿ᕈ೎ߦࠃࠄߕޔሶߤ߽ ߚߜߪ⺕ߢ߽⺒ߺᦠ߈㧔ࡕࡦࠧ࡞⺆ߣ࠴ ࡌ࠶࠻⺆㧕ޔᱧผޔ▚ⴚ߿⥄ὼ⑼ቇߥߤ ࠍቇ߱ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ ᢥቇ⠪ߣߒߡߪޔᢙ⊖✬ߦ෸߱⹞߿᱌ ࠍᦠ߈ޔ߹ߚฬ㜞޿᱌഍ޡ᦬ㇳ౏વޢߩ ૞⠪ߣߒߡ⪺ฬߢ޽ࠆޕ ߹ߚޔߘߩ⪺૞ߪᒰᤨߩ⡛ଶᮭജ⠪ߩ ᅍࠅ߿ਇᱜࠍ๩⽿ߥߊᛕ್ߒߚ߽ߩߣ ߒߡ߽ࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕޡᕯߕ߆ߒ߿ޔ ᕯߕ߆ߒ߿ޢ㧔ɂɱɢɝ ɂɱɢɝ㧕ߣ㗴ߐࠇߚ⹞ ߩਛߢߪޔޟ᳃ࠍਇ౏ᐔߦᛒ߁㗔ਥޠޔޟ࿖ ࠍㆊߡࠆቭฮޠޔޟᖚ⠪ߩߚ߼ࠍ⠨߃ߕႎ ㈽߫߆ࠅࠍ᳇ߦߔࠆක⠪ޠߥߤ߇߿ࠅ₹ ߦ޽߇ࠆ߇ޔޟᤤߪኹߢ߅ൕ߼ޔᄛߪ᧛ ࠍ߁ࠈߟߊ௯ޠޔޟୃⴕߪߐߞ߬ࠅߢޔ⋑ ߺ㘩޿߫߆ࠅߔࠆዊဌਥޠߥߤޔၿ⪭ߒ ߚ੽ᢎ⇇߳ߩᛕ್߽ᔓࠇߡߪ޿ߥ޿ޕ ᓐߪ◊ታߥቬᢎ⠪ߢ޽ࠅߥ߇ࠄޔᅚᕈ ⟤ࠍ⻭޿޽ߍߚ⹞ੱߣߒߡ߽㜞ߊ⹏ଔ ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ࡜ࡉࠫࡖ࡯ߪ࠳࡜ࠗ࡮࡜ࡑ ߦઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆᚲ⻐㤛Ᏺޔࠥ࡞ࠢᵷߩ㗼ᢎ

(4)

ఝ૏ߩ┙႐ߛߌߢߥߊޔࡒ࡜࡟ࡄߦઍ⴫ ߐࠇࠆᚲ⻐⚃Ᏺᵷߦዻߔࠆᢎᵷߦ߽ቇ ࠎߢ߅ࠅޔᓐߦߣߞߡޔή਄℮ૄ࠲ࡦ࠻ ࡜ߦၮߠߊⷰᗐࠍㅢߒߡߩᕈ⊛ߥࠛࡀ ࡞ࠡ࡯ߪ⢐ቯߐࠇࠆߴ߈߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ ߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆޕ ࡕࡦࠧ࡞૞ኅห⋖ߩᢥቇฌᦠߩ࡜ࡉ ࠫࡖ࡯ߩᏎߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣ߽ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ ԚșȫȚȔȖȗț ȥȎțȎȞ㧔ޟቢోߥࠆຠᕈޠ㧕 ߪ࡜ࡉࠫࡖ࡯ߩ⊕࠲࡯࡜㧔ⷰ㖸ߩൻりߣ ߒߡߩᅚᕈ⪄⮋ޔᄙ⟜⪄⮋ޔ⊕ᐲᲣ㧕߳ ߩⷰᗐߦၮߠߊ૞ຠߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩ ᱌ߪޔᅚᕈ߳ߩ⾥᱌ޔ߹ߚ␨㗿ᚑዞࠍ␨ ࠆ᱌ߣߒߡޔ޿߹߽ੱ᳇߇㜞޿ޕ  ߎߎߦ⸶಴ߒߚԦɜɝԧɧ ɲɭɜɭɭ ߽⃻࿷ ߢ߽ࠝ࡞࠹ࠖࡦ࡮࠼࡯㧔㐳᱌㧕ߣߒߡࠃ ߊ᱌ࠊࠇࠆ૞ຠߢ޽ࠆޕ  ᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ߎߣߪޔ1960 ᐕઍᓟඨએ㒠ޔ ಄ᚢਅߩࡕࡦࠧ࡞ੱ᳃౒๺࿖ߢޟ⠧ੱߣ 㠽ޠ߇㜞޿⹏ଔࠍᓧߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁੐ታߢ ޽ࠆޕ␠ળਥ⟵ᤨઍߦߪޔ੽ᢎᕈࠍ᣿␜ ߔࠆᦨ⚳⡧ߎߘ೥㒰ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ߇ޔኽᑪ 㗔ਥ߿ቬᢎߩ⣣ᢌ߳ߩᛕ್ߣ޿߁␠ળ ਥ⟵૕೙ᅢߺߩ૞ຠ߫߆ࠅߢߥߊޔߎߩ ືቇ⊛ߥౝኈࠍ߽ߟ⹞߇࡜ࡉࠫࡖ࡯ߩ ઍ⴫૞ߣߒߡ⹏ଔߐࠇߚޕ⃻ઍࡕࡦࠧ࡞ ᢥቇߩ࠴ࠚ࡯ࡎࡈߣ߽๭߱ߴ߈⍴✬ዊ ⺑ߩฬᚻ㧿㧚ࠛ࡞࠺ࡀߪߎߩ⹞ࠍᏁߺߦ ᒁ↪ߒߚ૞ຠࠍᱷߒߡ޿ࠆޕ  ߒ߆ߒޔỗߒ޿ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ൻߩᵄߦ๘ ߺߎ߹ࠇޔ࿾ਅၒ⬿⾗Ḯ㐿⊒ߦଐሽߒ Minegolia ߣ߹ߢៃឦߐࠇࠆ⃻ઍߩࡕࡦ ࠧ࡞࿖ߩ⧯޿਎ઍߦߣߞߡޔᷓ㆙ߥᗧ๧ ࠍ߽ߟߎߩ⹞ߪ߽ߪ߿ℂ⸃ߒ㔍ߒ޿߽ ߩߩࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆޕ⠧ੱߣ㠽ߩ㑆ߢ੤ࠊߐ ࠇࠆ໧╵᱌ߢ޽ࠆߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕޔߎߩ⹞ ߩ㗴ฬࠍޟ⠧޿ߚ㠽ޠߣߔࠆ⸒⺑ߪᤄ߆ ࠄᢔ⷗ߐࠇߚ߇ޔ੹ᣣߩ⧯޿਎ઍߩਛߦ ߪޔฬߩߺࠍ⍮ߞߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔਛ๧ߪ⍮ࠄ ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ੱߚߜ߽ᄙ޿ޕ ዋߥ޿⸒⪲ᢙߢᷓ޿ᗧ๧ࠍવ߃ࠆ⹞ ߪ㗡㖿ࠍ〯߻྾ⴕߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ⡧ࠍਗ ߴࠆࡕࡦࠧ࡞વ⛔ߩ㖿ᓞߦࠃߞߡ✄ࠄ ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕዊ⺑ߣ㆑޿ޔ⹞ߩ๮ߪ㖸ߩᒻ ᑼߘߩ߽ߩߦሽߔࠆߩߢޔ෩ኒߦ⸒߃߫ ⠡⸶ߪਇน⢻ߢ޽ࠆޕᢓ߃ߡޔ⃻ઍᢥࠍ ↪޿ߕ⸶಴ߒߚߩߪޔᗧ๧ࠍવ߃ࠆߛߌ ߢߪߥߊޔ⹞ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍᒻߢ⴫⃻ߒࠃ ߁ߣߔࠆ⸶⠪ߩ⹜ߺߢ޽ࠆߣߏℂ⸃޿ ޿ߚߛ߈ߚ޿ޕ  ޟੱߪ૗᡿⠧޿ࠆߩ߆㧫ޠߣ⋥ᚥ໧޿ ߆ߌࠆߎߩ⹞ߩౝኈߦߟ޿ߡ⸃⺑ߒߡ ߽ޔⰬ⿷ߣߥࠆߛߌߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕߎߎߢߪޔ ਄ㅀߩޡᕯߕ߆ߒ߿ޔᕯߕ߆ߒ߿ޢߩ౨ 㗡ߩ3 ⴕࠍ⸶಴ߒߡޔ⺒⠪⻉⾫ߩ㐓⾨ߩ ৻ഥߦଏߔࠆߦߣߤ߼ߚ޿ޕ   ऋẵẦẲởᴾ ऋẵẦẲởᴾ ᴾ ծࣈửᆢộẵỆᴾ ࢻỆᎊẟẺỦờỉᴾ ᴾ ऋẵẦẲởᴾ ऋẵẦẲởᴾ ẮẮỨദẰẵᴾ ૼڈỆ៲ửᇃẴở ế ẴᒉẨờỉᴾ ऋẵẦẲởᴾ ऋẵẦẲởᴾ ᴾ ኺχửࠁầဃẪỦ࣬े ߎߎࠈ ểẶằỦཋჷụᴾ

(5)

࠹ࠢࠬ࠻ߦߟ޿ߡ ᧄ⠡⸶ߪᣥࡕࡦࠧ࡞ੱ᳃౒๺࿖ࡕࡦࠧ࡞⑼ ቇࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࡯⸒⺆ᢥൻ⎇ⓥᚲߦࠃࠆɆɨɧɝɨɥ Ⱥɪɞɵɧ Ⱥɦɚɧ Ɂɨɯɢɨɥɵɧ Ⱦɷɷɠ Ȼɢɱɢɝ (ɍɥɚɚɧɛɚɚɬɚɪ, 1967) ɬɚɥ 64 ߩࠠ࡝࡞ᢥሼߦ ࠃࠆࡕࡦࠧ࡞⺆࠹ࠢࠬ࠻Ԧɜɝԧɧ ɲɭɜɭɭ ࠍ ᐩᧄߣߒߚޕߚߛߒޔේᦠߩ᣿ࠄ߆ߦ⺋ᬀߣ ᕁࠊࠇࠆ୘ᚲޔ␠ળਥ⟵ᤨઍߦ೥㒰ߐࠇߡ޿ ߚ⡧ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔࡕࡦࠧ࡞࿖ࡕࡦࠧ࡞૞ኅห ⋖ߦࠃࠆɆɨɧɝɨɥɵɧ ɭɪɚɧɡɨɯɢɨɥɵɧ ɞɷɷɠɢɫ 41 ɛɨɬɶ Ξɥɷɦɠɢɣɧ ɱɚɧɚɪ (ɍɥɚɚɧɛɚɚɬɚɪ, 1998) ᚲ෼ߩԦɜɝԧɧ ɲɭɜɭɭ ɯɨɺɪ ࠍෳᾖߒߡ⵬ߞߚޕ  ߥ߅ޔCharles R. Bawden Mongolian Traditional Literature: An Anthology 㧔 Kegan Paul, 2003㧕 ߦឝߍࠄࠇߚ⧷⸶The Old Man and the Birds ߪɆɨɧɝɨɥ Ⱥɪɞɵɧ Ⱥɦɚɧ ɁɨɯɢɨɥɵɧȾɷɷɠȻɢɱɢ ߣ ߶߷หߓౝኈߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ15 ⡧ߩౝኈࠍ฽߻ઁ ⧯ᐓߩ⇣ห߇޽ࠆޕߚߛߒޔࡏ࡯࠺ࡦߪ⠡⸶ ߩ಴ౖᐩᧄࠍ᣿⸥ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ޕ

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