ᵹ ᵹ ߅ Tcr ߪ Ꮏ ↪ ಽ 㑐 ߡ ⴕ ⸘ ߩ ࠻
Study o
Abstract transfer corr From the ex below the ps regions. (3)A described on ࠠࡢ࠼㧦 Keywords㧦S㧝
. ⎇ⓥ⢛
⥃⇇ᵹߣ ᵹࠍ߁㧚․ ᵹߣࠃ߫ࠇࠆ ㄭᐕ㧘⥃⇇ ߅ࠃ߮ṁ⸃ᕈ߇ r =620.35 K㧕ߣ ߪⅣႺ㕙ߦఝࠇ Ꮏᬺᵞᵺ߿㘩↪ ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇ㧘 ಽ㊁ߢߩ⎇ⓥ߅ ⪺⠪ߪ㧘ᾲ 㑐ㅪߒߚ⥃⇇ ⥃⇇ᵹ ⴕߥ㧘ߘߩᾲ ⸘▚ߢᓧࠄࠇߚ ᢛℂᑼߦߟ㧞
. ⥃⇇
࿑ 1 ߪജߩ ࡠࡇߦኻߒ 㧖 ᯏ᪾⍮⢻ࠪࠬ ޥ866-8501 Dept. of Mec 2627 Hirayam⥃⇇
on Heat Tra
In this study, relation for sup xamination, fol seudo-critical teAt the region nly with the rati 㧦⥃⇇㧘ጀᵹ Supercritical Pres
⢛᥊߅ࠃ߮⎇ⓥ
ߪ㧘⥃⇇ജ ․ߦ㧘⥃⇇ജ 㧚 ⇇ᵹߩᜬߟ㜞 ߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ ߣੑ㉄ൻ⚛ ࠇࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘 ↪․ቯᚑಽߩ ߹ߚ㧘ߐࠄߥ ߅ࠃ߮ᛛⴚ㐿⊒ ឵ེߦࠃࠆ ⇇ᵹߩᾲવ ߩု⋥ጀ વ㆐․ᕈࠍ ߚ⚿ᨐߦၮߠ ߡᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߥ⇇ᵹߦߟ
ߩ㆑ߦࠃࠆ⁁ ߒߡ␜ߒߚ߽ߩ ࠬ࠹ࡓᎿቇ⑼ ᾢᧄ⋵ઍᏒ chanical and Intel ma, Yatsushiro-shᵹߩ
ansfer Corre
dimensionless ercritical pressu llowing results emperature. (2) where bulk te io of Prandtl nu ᵹᾲવ㆐㧘ᾲવ ssure, Laminar Flⓥ⋡⊛
Pcr㧘⥃⇇᷷ᐲ ജߩߺࠍ߃ߚ 㜞ᵹേᕈ㧘 ࠆ㧚․ߦ᳓㧔 㧔Pcr =7.38 MP ᓥ᧪ߩᯏṁ ߥߤ᭽ޘߥ ߥࠆ↪ᄢߩ ⊒߇ⴕߥࠊࠇߡ ⥃⇇ᵹߩ વ㆐․ᕈߦߟ ጀᵹᾲવ㆐ߦ㑐 ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ(2)㧚 ߡ⥃⇇ᵹ ߥߞߚߩߢ㧘ߎߡ
⁁ᘒᄌൻߩ㆑ ߩߢࠆ㧚߃ ᐔጊᣂ↸2627 lligent Systems E hi, Kumamoto, Jaߩ▤ౝጀᵹ
elation for S
T parameters su ure fluid in ver were obtained Relation of rati mperature is b umber. વ㆐ᢛℂᑼlow, Heat Transfe
ᐲTcrߣ߽ߦ߃ ߚ߽ߩߪ⥃⇇ ᢔᕈ㧔ᶐㅘᕈ 㧔Pcr =22.12 MP Pa㧘Tcr =304.25 ṁࠍ↪ߡ߈ ߥᛛⴚಽ㊁ߢߩ ߩߚߦᐢᎿ ߡࠆ(1)㧚 ㅧ߅ࠃ߮↪ ߡ㧘೨ႎߦ߅ 㑐ߔࠆᢙ୯⸘▚ 㧚ᧄႎߢߪ㧘ᢙ ᵹߩጀᵹᾲવ ߎࠇࠍႎ๔ߔࠆ ࠍ᷷ᐲߣᲧࠛ ߃߫ᄢ᳇ߦ߅ Engineering, apan 866-8501
ᵹᾲવ㆐
ጊਅ ᔀ
㧖Supercritical
Tohru Yamashita uch as Nusselt n rtical laminar fl d. (1)Nusselt nu io of Nusselt nu below the temper Correlation ߃ߚ ⇇ ᕈ㧕 Pa㧘 5 K㧕 ߈ߚ ߩ Ꮏᬺ ↪ߦ ߅ ▚ࠍ ᢙ୯ વ㆐ ࠆ㧚 ࠛࡦ ߅ߌ ࠆ᳓ ߩ ࠍ⛯ ᳇ 㧔࿑ ᷷ ᘒᄌ ߎࠇ ࠅ㧘 ࠆ ߩ
㆐₸ᢛℂ
㧖l Pressure F
a㧖 number and Pr low, based on t umber has a pe umber and ratio perature of the ᳓ߩࠃ߁ߥ⥃⇇ ߣ⒓ߔࠆ㧕ߢ ജߦኻᔕߒ ⛯ߌࠆߣ㧘㘻 ߣߥߞߡ᷷ᐲ ࿑ਛP<Pcr㧕ߢ ᷷ᐲߦ߅ߡᶧ ᄌൻߔࠆ㧚㘻 ࠇߦߞߡ㘻 㧘ࠆജߦ 㧔࿑ਛP㧩Pcr㧕 ߩ⥃⇇㗔ၞℂᑼߦ㑐ߔ
Fluid in Vert
randtl number w the data obtaine eak when the b o of Prandtl num e peak Nuw/4.3 ⇇ജࠃࠅૐ ❗᳓ࠍ╬ ߚ㘻᷷ᐲߢ ᷷ᐲߩ߹߹ ߪౣ߮ߔ ߢߪ᳓ߣ⫳᳇߇ ᶧ߆ࠄ᳇ ᷷ᐲߪജߩ ၞߣߥࠆᲧ ߅ߡ᳓ߣ⫳ 㧕㧚ߎߩജࠍ ၞߢߪ㧘‛ߪ ࿑1 Tߔࠆᬌ⸛
tical Lamin
were examined ed by numerica bulk temperatu mber can be div 36, Nusselt nu ജ㧔P<Pc ߢᓢޘߦടᾲ ߢ⫳⊒ࠍߪߓ ߔߴߡߩ᳓߇ ߔࠆ㧚એߩࠃ ߇ሽߔࠆ㘻 ߳ߣ᷷ᐲߦኻ ߩߦߒߚ߇ Ყࠛࡦ࠲࡞ࡇ ⫳᳇߇ሽߔࠆ ࠍ⥃⇇ജߣ ߪᶧ߆ࠄ᳇ T㧙s ✢࿑⸛
ar Flow
d for the heat al calculation. ure is slightly vided into two umber can be cr㧘એਅ㧘⥃ ᾲߔࠆߣ㧘᳓ߪ ࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦട ߇⫳⊒ߒ㧘ㆊᾲ ࠃ߁ߦ㧘⥃⇇ ၞ߇ሽߒ㧘 ኻߒߡਇㅪ⛯ߦ ߇ߞߡ㜞ߊߥ ▸࿐߽ዊߐߊ ࠆ㘻ၞ߇ᶖṌ 㧘⥃⇇ജ ߳ߣㅪ⛯⊛
⺰ ᢥ
⥃⇇ ߪߘ ടᾲ ᾲ⫳ ⇇ 㘻 ߦ⁁ ࠅ㧘 ߊߥ Ṍߔ ജએ ߥ⥃⇇ᵹߩ▤ౝጀᵹᾲવ㆐ᢛℂᑼ㧔ጊਅ㧕 ⁁ᘒᄌൻࠍߖࠆ㧔࿑ਛP>Pcr㧕㧚 ࿑2 ߪ㧘⥃⇇ 26 MPa ߦ߅ߌࠆ᳓ߩ᷷ᐲߦኻߔࠆ‛ᕈ ୯ࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚࿑ࠃࠅಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘⥃⇇ߦ ߅ߌࠆ‛ᕈ୯ߪᲧセ⊛⁜᷷ᐲ㗔ၞߢᕆỗߦ߆ߟㅪ⛯⊛ߦ ᳓ߩ⁁ᘒ߆ࠄ⫳᳇ߩ⁁ᘒ߳ᄌൻߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪ ⥃⇇ജࠃࠅૐജၞߦߺࠄࠇࠆ㘻ၞߩฬᱷߣ⠨߃ࠄ ࠇ㧘․ߦ㧘ቯᲧᾲ߇ᭂᄢ୯ࠍߣࠆ᷷ᐲࠍᡆ⥃⇇᷷ᐲߣ ߁㧚ᡆ⥃⇇᷷ᐲߪ⥃⇇᷷ᐲࠃࠅ㜞ߊ㧘߹ߚ㧘ജ߇㜞ߊߥ ࠆ߶ߤ㜞ߊߥࠆ㧚ߘߩߚ⥃⇇ജࠍ߃߆ߟ⥃⇇᷷ᐲࠍ ߃ߚᵹߢࠆ⥃⇇ᵹߣߪ㧘⥃⇇ᵹߩਛߢ߽㧘 ‛ᕈ୯߇ᕆỗߥᄌൻࠍ␜ߔᡆ⥃⇇᷷ᐲઃㄭࠍࠎߛ㗔ၞߩ ᵹߣ߁ߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚ߥ߅㧘ㄭᐕ㐿⊒߇ㅴࠄࠇߡࠆ ⥃⇇ᵹߩ↪ᛛⴚߩᄙߊߪ㧘ᡆ⥃⇇᷷ᐲㄭறߦ߅ߡ ᕆỗߦᄌൻߔࠆ‛ᕈ୯ߩਛߢ߽․ߦኒᐲߩᄌൻ߇߽ߚࠄߔ ᶐㅘᕈ㧔‛⾰߳ߩࠅ߿ߔߐ㧕ߣṁ⸃ᕈ㧔‛⾰ߩṁ߆ߒ߿ ߔߐ㧕ߩᄌൻ߇ᄢ߈ߎߣ㧘߅ࠃ߮ߎࠇࠄߩ․ᕈ߇ജ߅ ࠃ᷷߮ᐲߩ⺞ᢛߦࠃߞߡኈᤃ߆ߟㅪ⛯⊛ߦᓮߢ߈ࠆߎߣ ࠍᵴ↪ߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚 ࿑2 ⥃⇇᳓ߩ‛ᕈ୯
㧟. ⥃⇇ᵹߩጀᵹᾲવ㆐․ᕈ
⥃⇇ᵹߩᾲવ㆐ߦߟߡߪ㧘ਥߦ 1950 ᐕઍ߆ࠄ 1980 ᐕઍߦ߆ߌߡἫജ⊒㔚↪ࡏࠗߩ⥃⇇ൻ߿ࡠࠤ࠶ ࠻Άᢱߥߤᄢဳᯏེࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ⎇ⓥ߇ㅴࠄࠇ㧘ᒝ‛ ᕈ୯ߩ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈߦ࿃ߒߚᡆ⥃⇇᷷ᐲㄭறߢߩᾲવ㆐₸ ߩᭂᄢὐߩ⊒↢߿㧘㜞ᾲᵹ᧤᧦ઙߦ߅ߡߺࠄࠇࠆ⥃⇇ ߢߩࡃࡦࠕ࠙࠻⽎ߦ߽ૃߚᾲવ㆐ഠൻ⽎ߥߤ㧘 ⥃⇇ᵹ․ߩᾲવ㆐․ᕈ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡࠆ(3)㧚ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ ࠄ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ⎇ⓥߪᄢဳᯏེࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄੂᵹߦ ߟߡߩ߇ᄙߊ㧘ጀᵹᾲવ㆐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⥃⇇ᵹߩ ⍮ߪ߹ߛਇ⿷ߒߡࠆ㧚ߘߩߚߎߎߢߪ㧘೨ႎߦߡ ᓧࠄࠇߚᢙ୯⸘▚ߦࠃࠆ⥃⇇ᵹߩጀᵹᾲવ㆐․ᕈߦ ߟߡ⺑ߔࠆ㧚 ࿑3 ߪ㧘⥃⇇ 26 MPa ߩ᳓߇▤ౝᓘ 0.1 mm㧘⾰㊂ㅦᐲ 300 kg/(m2㨯s㧕㧔Re b = 400 㨪 1040㧕ߢᵹࠇࠆߣ߈ߩ▤ౝጀᵹ ᾲવ㆐․ᕈߦߟߡ㧘ਥᵹ᷷ᐲ㧔એਅ㧘ࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲߣ⒓ ߔ㧕ߦኻߔࠆᾲવ㆐₸ࠍ㧘ᾲᵹ᧤ࠍࡄࡔ࠲ߣߒߡ␜ߒ ߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚ᢙ୯⸘▚ߦߪ HSMAC ᴺࠍ↪㧘㕖❗ᕈ ╴ᵹࠇߩㅪ⛯ߩᑼ㧘࠽ࡆࠛࠬ࠻ࠢࠬᣇ⒟ᑼ߅ࠃ߮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡᑼࠍ‛ᕈ୯⸘▚ࡊࡠࠣࡓ NIST REFPROP ver.
7.0(4)ߣ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆߎߣߢ᷷ᐲߦࠃࠆ‛ᕈ୯ᄌൻࠍ⠨ᘦߒ ߡࠆ㧚ߥ߅࿑ਛߦߪ㧘ቯ‛ᕈᵹࠇߩᾲવ㆐₸ߣߒߡ㧘ᑼ(1) ߢ␜ߐࠇࠆᾲᵹ᧤߇৻ቯߢࠆ႐วߩ▤ౝᒝኻᵹᾲવ㆐ ᢛℂᑼ(5)ߦ߅ߡ㧘චಽ⊒㆐ߒߚᵹࠇߣߒߚߣߒߡ xĺߣ ߒߚߣ߈ߩ࡞࠻ᢙ Nu=4.36 ߦၮߠߡ▚ߒߚᾲવ㆐ ₸ࠍ2 ὐ㎮✢ߢ␜ߒߡࠆ㧚
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x ... (㧝) ࿑ࠃࠅ㧘⥃⇇ߦ߅ߌࠆᾲવ㆐․ᕈߪ㧘ቯ‛ᕈᵹࠇ㧘 ߟ߹ࠅ⥃⇇ߦ߅ߌࠆᾲવ㆐․ᕈߣૃߚะࠍ␜ߔ㧚․ ߦߎߩะߪ㧘࡞࠻ᢙߩቯ⟵ᑼ߆ࠄಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᾲ વዉ₸ߩᄌൻߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ቯ‛ᕈᵹ ࠇߢߪߺࠄࠇߥ⥃⇇․ߩ․ᕈߣߒߡ㧘ੂᵹߣห᭽ ߦᡆ⥃⇇ὐㄭறߦ߅ߡᾲવ㆐₸߇ᭂᄢ୯ࠍᜬߟะ߇ߺ ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ᾲવ㆐₸ߩᭂᄢὐߪᾲᵹ᧤߇Ⴧ߃ࠆߦߟࠇߡૐࡃ ࡞᷷ࠢᐲߦ⒖േߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ߘߩ୯߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆะ ࠍ␜ߔ㧚ߥ߅㧘ጀᵹߦ߅ߡߪ㧘ੂᵹߦߡ⍮ࠄࠇߡࠆᾲ વ㆐ഠൻ⽎߇⊒↢ߔࠆ⾰㊂ㅦᐲߦኻߔࠆᾲᵹ᧤ q/G ߩ᧦ ઙ(6)ߦ߅ߡ߽㧘ੂᵹߩ᭽ߥᕆỗߥᾲવ㆐ഠൻߩ⊒↢ߪߺࠄ ࠇߥ߇㧘ᭂᄢὐߣߥࠆࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲࠍ߿߿߃ߚ㗔ၞߦ߅ ߡ㧘ቯ‛ᕈᵹࠇߩ႐วߩᾲવ㆐₸ࠍਅ࿁ࠆ㧘ߔߥࠊߜ✭ ߿߆ߥᾲવ㆐ഠൻߩะ߇ࠄࠇߚ㧚 ࿑3 ࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲߦኻߔࠆᾲવ㆐․ᕈ 500 600 700 800 0 1 2 3 Water P=26.0 MPa (P/Pcr=1.18) Tpc T K h h× 1 0 3 kJ /k g 0 20 40 60 80 cp O cp kJ /( kg· K )㧘 O × 1 0 -5 kW/ (m ·K ) 0 1 2 P P × 10 -4 P a·s 0 5 10 15 U U × 1 0 2 kg/ m 3 6200 640 660 680 700 720 5 10 15 20 25 30 Tpc D kW/ (m 2 ·K) Tb K q kW/m2 50 100 250 Water D = 0.1 mm P = 26 MPa G = 300 kg/(m2·s) Nu = 4.36࿑4 ߪ㧘⇣ߥࠆᾲᵹ᧤᧦ઙߩᢙ୯⸘▚ߢᓧࠄࠇߚᾲવ㆐ ₸߇ߘࠇߙࠇᭂᄢ୯ࠍ␜ߔߣ߈ߩ▤ᢿ㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆㅦᐲ㧘᷷ ᐲ㧘ቯᲧᾲ߅ࠃ߮ᾲવዉ₸ߩಽᏓࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚 ࿑ࠃࠅ㧘ߕࠇߩᾲᵹ᧤᧦ઙߦ߅ߡ߽▤ოㄭறߢቯ Ყᾲ߇ᭂᄢ୯ߣߥࠆߣ߈ᾲવ㆐₸ߪᭂᄢ୯ߣߥࠆ㧚߹ߚห ࿑ࠃࠅ㜞ᾲᵹ᧤ߦߥࠆ߶ߤ▤ਛᔃ߹ߢߩ㜞ᾲવዉ₸ߩಽ Ꮣ߇ߺࠄࠇ㧘ߎࠇ߇ᾲᵹ᧤߇㜞ߊߥࠆ߶ߤᾲવ㆐₸ߩᭂᄢ ୯߇Ⴧടߔࠆ1 ߟߩⷐ࿃ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚
㧠. ᾲવ㆐ᢛℂᑼߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛
೨▵ߦ␜ߒߚߣ߅ࠅ㧘⥃⇇ᵹߩᾲવ㆐ߢߪ㧘ᵹࠇ ߦု⋥ߥᣇะߩᢿ㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆ‛ᕈ୯ᄌൻߩᓇ㗀߇ᄢ߈ߎ ߣ߆ࠄ㧘⥃⇇ߩࠃ߁ߥቯ‛ᕈᵹࠇࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚᾲવ㆐ ᢛℂᑼߪ߽ߪ߿ㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ㧚ߘߎߢᧄ⎇ⓥߢ ߪ㧘⥃⇇ᵹߩ▤ౝጀᵹᾲવ㆐ߦㆡ↪น⢻ߥᾲવ㆐ᢛ ℂᑼࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߦ㧘චಽ⊒㆐ߒߚᵹࠇࠍኻ⽎ߣ ߒߡᢛℂߦ↪ࠆࡄࡔ࠲ߩᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߥߞߚ㧚ߥ߅㧘 ⥃⇇ߦ߅ߡ߽߃߫ᾲᵹ᧤߇ᭂߡዊߐߊ᷷ᐲႺ⇇ጀ ౝߢߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻ߇ᓸዊߩ႐ว㧘ᾲવ㆐․ᕈߪ߶߷ቯ‛ᕈᵹ ࠇߣߺߥߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢᬌ⸛ߔࠆ ᾲવ㆐ᢛℂᑼߦߟߡߪ㧘ቯ‛ᕈᵹࠇߦ߅ߌࠆ࡞࠻ᢙ Nu = 4.36 ߦኻߒߡ㧘㑐ㅪߔࠆήᰴరᢙ߹ߚߪ‛ᕈ୯ߩቯ‛ ᕈᵹࠇߩ႐วߣ▤ᢿ㕙ߢߩ‛ᕈ୯ᄌൻࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ႐วߩᲧ ߆ࠄߥࠆୃᱜ㗄ࠍട߃ࠆߎߣߢ㧘⥃⇇ᵹߩጀᵹᾲવ ㆐ᢛℂᑼ߳ߩᒛߔࠆߎߣࠍᢛℂߔࠆ߁߃ߢߩᜰ㊎ߣߔ ࠆ㧚 ࿑4 ᾲવ㆐₸ߩᭂᄢὐߦ߅ߌࠆㅦᐲ᷷ᐲ‛ᕈ୯ᄌൻ ࿑ 5 ߪ㧘‛ᕈ୯ࠍࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲၮḰߢ᳞ߚ႐วߣ▤ო᷷ ᐲၮḰߢ᳞ߚ႐วߩ࡞࠻ᢙࠍ㧘ቯ‛ᕈᵹࠇߦ߅ߌࠆ ୯4.36 ߣߩᲧ㧔એਅ㧘࡞࠻ᢙᲧߣ⒓ߔ㧕ߣߒ㧘ࡃ࡞ࠢ ᷷ᐲߦኻߒߡᾲᵹ᧤ࠍࡄࡔ࠲ߣߒߡ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ ࠆ㧚࿑ࠃࠅಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘࡞࠻ᢙᲧߪ㧘ߕࠇߩ᷷ᐲ ߆ࠄ▚ߒߚ႐วߢ߽㧘▤ᢿ㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆ‛ᕈ୯ᄌൻ߇㗼⪺ ߥᡆ⥃⇇᷷ᐲㄭறߦ߅ߡቯ‛ᕈᵹࠇߦኻߒߡᄢ߈ߥᏅ ࠍ␜ߔ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᡆ⥃⇇᷷ᐲࠃࠅචಽ㜞᷷ᐲߩ㗔ၞߢߪ㧘 ࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲࠍ↪ߚ႐วߩ࡞࠻ᢙߪᾲᵹ᧤ߩ㆑ߦࠃ ߞߡᄢ߈ߥ߫ࠄߟ߈߇ࠄࠇࠆߩߦኻߒߡ㧘▤ო᷷ᐲࠍ↪ ߚ႐วߩ࡞࠻ᢙߪ㧘ࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲࠍ↪ߚ႐วߦᲧߴ ߡᾲᵹ᧤ߦኻߔࠆ߫ࠄߟ߈߇ዊߐ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘ߎߩ㗔ၞߦ ߅ߌࠆ⥃⇇ᵹߩጀᵹᾲવ㆐߇㧘ㅢᏱߩ▤ౝන⋧ᾲવ ㆐ߣห᭽ߦᵹㅦߩዊߐ▤ო᷷ᐲઃㄭߢߪᾲવዉߦࠃࠆવ ᾲ߇ᡰ㈩⊛ߢࠆߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚એߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘 ⥃⇇ᵹߩ▤ౝጀᵹᾲવ㆐ᢛℂᑼߦ߅ߡߪ㧘▤ო᷷ᐲ ࠃࠅ▚ߐࠇࠆ࡞࠻ᢙࠍ↪ࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒߣ⠨߃ ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߥ߅㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩ႐วߩ࡞࠻ᢙࠍᰴᑼߦ␜ߔ㧚 (a) ࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲၮḰߩ࡞࠻ᢙࠍ↪ߚ႐ว (b) ▤ო᷷ᐲၮḰߩ࡞࠻ᢙࠍ↪ߚ႐ว ࿑5 ࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲߦኻߔࠆ࡞࠻ᢙᲧߩ㑐ଥ 600 650 700 750 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Tb K Nu b / 4. 36 q kW/m2 50 100 250 Water D = 0.1 mm P = 26 MPa G = 300 kg/(m2s) Tpc 600 650 700 750 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Tb K Nu w / 4.36 q kW/m2 50 100 250 Water D = 0.1 mm P = 26 MPa G = 300 kg/(m2s) Tpc 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 20 40 60 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Cp kJ/(kg·K) O W/(m·K) r ×10-5 m 0 1 2 3 600 620 640 660 680 700 v m/s q kW/m2 v T Cp O 25 400 T K⥃⇇ᵹߩ▤ౝጀᵹᾲવ㆐ᢛℂᑼ㧔ጊਅ㧕 ߥ߅㧘ᑼਛߩᷝ߃ሼb ߪࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲ㧘w ߪ▤ო᷷ᐲࠍߔ㧚 b b
D
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... (㧞) w wD
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... (㧟) ᡆ⥃⇇ὐㄭறߦ߅ߌࠆᾲવ㆐₸ߩᭂᄢὐ⊒↢ߦߪ㧘▤ᢿ 㕙ߢߩቯᲧᾲ㧘ߔߥࠊߜࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙ߇ᄢ߈ߊᓇ㗀ߔࠆ㧚 ࿑6 ߪ㧘▤ო᷷ᐲࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ 3 ⒳㘃ߩࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙߩࡃ࡞ ᷷ࠢᐲߦኻߔࠆᄌൻࠍᾲᵹ᧤ࠍࡄࡔ࠲ߣߒߡߘࠇߙࠇ ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚࿑ߪ㧘ࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙߦ߹ࠇࠆቯ (a) ⓍಽᐔဋቯᲧᾲࠍ↪ߚ႐ว (b) ోߡ▤ო᷷ᐲၮḰߢ᳞ߚ႐ว (c) ቯᲧᾲߩߺ▤ო᷷ᐲၮḰߢ᳞ߚ႐ว ࿑6 ࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲߦኻߔࠆࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧߩ㑐ଥ Ყᾲߩ▚ߦᑼ(4)ߦ␜ߔⓍಽᐔဋቯᲧᾲࠍ↪㧘ᾲવዉ ₸߅ࠃ߮☼ᕈଥᢙࠍࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲၮḰߢ᳞ߚ႐ว㧔ᑼ(5)㧕㧘 ਛ࿑ߪ㧘ోߡߩ‛ᕈ୯ࠍ▤ო᷷ᐲၮḰߢ᳞ߚ႐ว㧔ᑼ(6)㧕㧘 ਅ࿑ߪ㧘ቯᲧᾲࠍ▤ო᷷ᐲၮḰߢ᳞㧘ߘߩઁࠍࡃ࡞ࠢ ᷷ᐲၮḰߢ᳞ߚ႐ว㧔ᑼ(7)㧕ߢ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲၮ Ḱߢ᳞ߚࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙߣߩᲧ㧔એਅ㧘ࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧߣ ⒓ߔ㧕ߢ␜ߒߡࠆ㧚 ... (㧠) b p bc
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... (㧡) w pw w wc
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... (㧢) b pw b cpwc
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... (㧣) ࿑ࠃࠅ㧘ࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧߩᄢ߈ߐߦ㆑ߪࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘 ߕࠇߩ႐ว߽࡞࠻ᢙᲧߣห᭽ߦᡆ⥃⇇᷷ᐲㄭறߦ߅ ߡቯ‛ᕈᵹࠇߦኻߒߡᏅ߇ࠄࠇࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ߘߩะ ߇࡞࠻ᢙᲧߦ㘃ૃߒߡࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ጀᵹߦ߅ߡ ⥃⇇ᵹ߇ᡆ⥃⇇᷷ᐲㄭறߢߺߖࠆ․⇣ߥવᾲ⽎߇㧘 ᵹࠇߦု⋥ߥᣇะߦ߅ߌࠆࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙ㧘․ߦቯᲧᾲߩ ᄌൻࠍਥߚࠆⷐ࿃ߣߒߡࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆ㧚 1 ߪ㧘࿑ 6 ߦ␜ߒߚߘࠇߙࠇߩࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧ߇ᭂᄢ ߣߥࠆὐߩࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚ਛߦߪ㧘 ࡞࠻ᢙᲧ߇ᭂᄢߣߥࠆὐߩࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲ߽૬⸥ߒߡࠆ㧚 ࠃࠅ㧘‛ᕈ୯ߩ▚ᣇᴺߦࠃߞߡ㧘ᭂᄢߣߥࠆὐߩࡃ࡞ ᷷ࠢᐲߦ㆑߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߘߩਛߢ㧘ⓍಽᐔဋቯᲧᾲࠍ ↪ߚ႐วߩࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧߪ㧘ઁߩࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧߦᲧ ߴߡ࡞࠻ᢙᲧߦ⦟ߊ৻⥌ߒߡࠆ㧚એߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘 એ㒠㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ▤ᢿ㕙ᣇะߩ‛ᕈ୯ᄌൻࠍⓍಽᐔဋቯ Ყᾲߢ⠨ᘦߒߚࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧࠍ↪ߡ㧘࠺࠲ᢛℂࠍⴕ ߥߞߚ㧚 ࿑7 ߪ㧘▤ო㕙᷷ᐲၮḰߩ࡞࠻ᢙᲧߦኻߔࠆⓍಽቯ Ყᾲࠍ↪ߚࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧߩ㑐ଥࠍᾲᵹ᧤ࠍࡄࡔ ࠲ߣߒߡਔኻᢙゲߢ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚࿑ࠃࠅ㧘ࡊࡦ࠻ 1 ࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲߦኻߔࠆࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧߩ㑐ଥ 600 650 700 750 0 1 2 3 4 5 Tb K Prw / Prb q kW/m2 50 100 250 Water D = 0.1 mm P = 26 MPa G = 300 kg/(m2s) Tpc 600 650 700 750 0 1 2 3 4 5 Tb K Pr / Prb q kW/m2 50 100 250 Water D = 0.1 mm P = 26 MPa G = 300 kg/(m2s) Tpc 600 650 700 750 0 1 2 3 4 5 Tb K Prcpw / Prb q kW/m2 50 100 250 Water D = 0.1 mm P = 26 MPa G = 300 kg/(m2s) Tpc Tb[K] q [kW/m2] 50 100 250 Nuw/4.36 659.7 657.0 654.6 Pr/Prb 658.7 656.9 652.2 Prw/Prb 657.8 655.8 649.7 Prcpw/Prb 658.1 656.0 649.8c
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b࿑7 ࡞࠻ᢙᲧߦኻߔࠆࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧߩ㑐ଥ ࡞ᢙᲧߦኻߔࠆ࡞࠻ᢙᲧߪ㧘ฦᾲᵹ᧤᧦ઙߣ߽ߦベ⁁ ߩಽᏓࠍ␜ߔߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆ㧚ᾲᵹ᧤߇ᄢ߈߶ߤಽᏓߪᐢ ߊߥࠆ߇㧘ߎࠇߪ㧘ᾲᵹ᧤߇ᄢ߈߶ߤࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲߣ▤ო ᷷ᐲߩᏅ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠅ㧘ࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲߢߩࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙߣ▤ ᢿ㕙ߢߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙߦ㗼⪺ߥᏅ߇↢ ߓࠆߚߢࠆ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ᓧࠄࠇߚಽᏓߦߟߡ㧘࿑3 ߣᲧセߒߚ⚿ᨐ㧘࿑7 ߩಽᏓ߇એਅߦ␜ߔ 2 ߟߩ㗔ၞߦಽ 㘃ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚 (1)ਅᒏߩ㗔ၞ ߎߩ㗔ၞߪ㧘ᾲવ㆐₸߇ᭂᄢߣߥࠆࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲએਅߩ᷷ ᐲ㗔ၞߦᒰߔࠆ㧚ߎߩ㗔ၞߢߪ㧘ࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧߦኻߔ ࠆ࡞࠻ᢙᲧߩ㑐ଥ߇ᾲᵹ᧤ߦࠃࠄߕ߶߷৻ቯ߆ߟᜰᢙ 㑐ᢙ⊛ߣߥࠆ㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘╬ߒᵹ㊂᧦ઙߢࠇ߫㧘࡞ ࠻ᢙᲧߪࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧߩߺߩ㑐ᢙߣߒߡᢛℂߔࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈ࠆ㧚 (2)ᒏߩ㗔ၞ ߎߩ㗔ၞߪ㧘ᾲવ㆐₸߇ᭂᄢߣߥࠆࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲએߩ᷷ ᐲ㗔ၞߦᒰߔࠆ㧚ߎߩ㗔ၞߦ߅ߡ߽ࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧߩ ᄌൻߦኻߔࠆ࡞࠻ᢙᲧߩᄌൻߩะߪ㧘ᾲᵹ᧤ߦࠃࠄ ߕ߶߷ห⒟ᐲߩᜰᢙ㑐ᢙߢߐࠇࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ᾲᵹ ᧤߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ⒟㧘࡞࠻ᢙᲧ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆะ߇ߺࠄ ࠇ㧘ߟ߹ࠅ㧘ᢛℂߔࠆߢ㧘ࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧએᄖߩߐࠄߥ ࠆࡄࡔ࠲ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆ㧚 ߥ߅㧘࿁ߩ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘(1)ߩਅᒏߩ㗔ၞࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ㧘 ᢛℂᑼߩᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߥߞߚߣߎࠈ㧘ᑼ(8)ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘 ࡞࠻ᢙᲧNuw/4.36 ߪ㧘ࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧPrതതത/Prbߩ0.4821 ਸ਼ߦ Ყߔࠆ⚿ᨐߣߥߞߚ㧚 ࿑8 ࡞࠻ᢙᲧߦኻߔࠆࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧߩ㑐ଥ 4821 . 0
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... (㧤) ࿑8 ߪ㧘࿑ 7 ߦ߅ߌࠆਅᒏ㗔ၞߩ࠺࠲ߩߺࠍߒ ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚࿑ਛ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢᓧࠄࠇߚᑼ(8)ߩ⸘▚୯ ߦߟߡታ✢߅ࠃ߮ᑼ(8)ߩ⸘▚୯ߩr10%ߦߟߡߪ⎕✢ ߦߡ␜ߒߡࠆ㧚࿑ࠃࠅಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘࿁ᢛℂߦ↪ߚ ࠺࠲ߪ㧘r10%ߩ▸࿐ౝߢోߡ߇߹ࠇࠆ㧚ߥ߅㧘ᰴᑼߢ ቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆᮡḰᏅߪ2.3 %ߣߥࠅ㧘Ყセ⊛⦟৻⥌߇ߺࠄ ࠇߚ㧚n
Nu
Nu
Nu
SD
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1 2100
... (㧥)㧠. ⚿⺰ߣᓟߩዷᦸ
⥃⇇ᵹߩጀᵹᾲવ㆐ߦߟߡ㧘ㆊߦᢙ୯⸘▚ࠃ ࠅᓧࠄࠇߚ⚿ᨐߦၮߠߡ㧘ᾲવ㆐ᢛℂᑼߦߟߡߩࡄ ࡔ࠲ᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߥߞߚ㧚એਅߦ⚿⺰ࠍ␜ߔ㧚 z ࡞࠻ᢙߪ㧘ਥߦᡆ⥃⇇ὐㄭறߢᄢ߈ߊᄌൻߒ㧘ᭂ ᄢὐࠍ␜ߔ㧚߹ߚ㧘▤ო᷷ᐲࠍၮḰߣߒߚ႐ว߇㧘ࡃ ࡞᷷ࠢᐲࠍၮḰߣߒߚ႐วߦᲧߴߡ࠺࠲ߩ߹ߣ߹ࠅ ߇⦟ߊ㧘ᢛℂߔࠆߢㆡಾߢࠆ㧚 z ࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲߦኻߔࠆ࡞࠻ᢙᲧߣࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧߩ 㑐ଥߪ㧘ᡆ⥃⇇᷷ᐲㄭறߢߩะߦ㘃ૃὐ߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ 100 100Pr / Pr
bNu
w/ 4.36
q kW/m2 50 100 250 Water D = 0.1 mm P = 26 MPa G = 300 kg/(m2s) 100 100Pr / Pr
bNu
w/ 4.36
q kW/m2 50 100 250 Water D = 0.1 mm P = 26 MPa G = 300 kg/(m2s) +10% -10% Nuw / 4.36 = (Pr / Prb)0.4821⥃⇇ᵹߩ▤ౝጀᵹᾲવ㆐ᢛℂᑼ㧔ጊਅ㧕 ߥߤ㧘㜞⋧㑐ᕈ߇ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙߩ▚ ߦߟߡߪ㧘ⓍಽᐔဋቯᲧᾲࠍ↪ߚ႐ว߇ᭂᄢὐ ߣߥࠆࡃ࡞᷷ࠢᐲߦᦨ߽㜞৻⥌߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ㧚 z ࡞࠻ᢙᲧߣߩ⋧㑐ᕈᡆ⥃⇇᷷ᐲࠍႺ⇇ߣߒߡૐ᷷ ߣ㜞᷷ߦߘߩะ߇ᄢ߈ߊੑಽߐࠇࠆ㧚ߘߩ߁ߜ㧘 ૐ᷷ߪ㧘ᾲᵹ᧤ߩ㆑ߦࠃࠆᏅ⇣߇ዊߐߊ㧘࡞ ࠻ᢙᲧߪࡊࡦ࠻࡞ᢙᲧߩߺߩ㑐ᢙߣߒߡߔߎߣ߇ ߢ߈ࠆ㧚 ᓟߪ㧘ᡆ⥃⇇᷷ᐲࠃࠅ㜞᷷ߦߟߡߩᢛℂࠍⴕߥ߁ ߣߣ߽ߦ㧘⇣ߥࠆ⾰㊂ᵹ㊂᧦ઙߢߩᢙ୯⸘▚ࠍⴕߥ㧘ᓧ ࠄࠇߚ⚿ᨐߦ߽ߣߠߡᦝߦ৻⥸ൻߐࠇߚᾲવ㆐ᢛℂᑼߩ ឭ᩺㧘ߐࠄߦߪવᾲታ㛎ߦࠃࠆ᷹ቯ୯ߣߩᲧセᬌ⸽ࠍⴕߥ ߁ᔅⷐ߇ࠆ㧚 㧔ᐔᚑ24 ᐕ 9 25 ᣣฃઃ㧕 㧔ᐔᚑ24 ᐕ 10 25 ᣣฃℂ㧕 ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
(1) ߃߫ T. Adschiri et. al. : “Noncatalytic Conversion of Cellulose in Supercritical and Subcritical Water”, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., Vol.26, No.6, pp.676 - 680 (1993).
(2) ጊਅ ᔀ㧦ޟ⥃⇇ᵹߩု⋥ጀᵹᾲવ㆐ߦ㑐
ߔࠆᢙ୯⸘▚ޠ㧘ઍ㜞ኾ♿ⷐ㧘╙ 30 ภ pp.13 - 29
(2008)㧚
(3) J. D. Jackson and W. B. Hall : “Forced Convection Heat Transfer to Fluids at Supercritical Pressure”, Turbulent Forced Convection in Channels and Bundles edited by S. Kakaç and D. B. Spalding, Hemisphere Pub., Vol.2, pp.563 - 611 (1979).
(4) E. W. Lemmon et al.:“NIST Reference Fluid Thermo -dynamic and Transport Properties (REFPROP) Ver.7.0”(2002).
(5) ᣣᧄᯏ᪾ቇળ㧦વᾲᎿቇ⾗ᢱᡷ⸓╙ 4 㧘ਣༀ (2003)㧚 (6) K. Yamagata et al. : “Forced Convective Heat Transfer to
Supercritical Water Flowing in Tubes”, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol.15, No.12, pp.2575 - 2593 (1972).
