安全保障概念の変遷と日本国憲法の平和主義の理念

!"#$%&'()*+,-./'0123'4&

The Conceptualization of Security and the Pacifist Ideal

in the Constitution of Japan

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

!"# $%

!

Junzo NAKANO

Abstract

The study of security issues during the Cold War era had been centered around national security and on how to protect a nation from external threats using military force. Therefore, the supporters of the current Japanese Constitution and its pacifist ideal have tended to avoid the idea of “national security,” which reminds them of the use of military power, and have pitted “pacifism” against it. On the other hand, people who insist Article 9 of the Constitution must be amended, have harshly criticized an absolute pacifism that ignores national security.

The pacifism of the Japanese Constitution is a declaration of the renouncement of war, obviously focusing on the classic type of war between states. However, as the concept of security has deepened, I believe that a deeper concept of the Constitution’s pacifism should also be developed. If the Constitution were to be amended, I would like to propose adding a statement on “proactive contribution to peace,” which would promote human security, to the Preamble to the Constitution.

We are faced with a need to improve the entire environment of international security by ensuring a form of human security that helps to prevent terrorism and armed conflicts such as civil war. At the same time, we also need to hold―more than ever―well-balanced discussions dealing with the security of Japan in a practical manner in light of the pacifist ideal of the Japanese Constitution.

Keywords: security, national security, the Constitution of Japan, pacifist ideal

!"#$

! :;<=>?@ABCDEFG;<=>HIJKLFG;=MNOPQRST'UVJ RWXYZAL['“security”O\]^SL:;<=>?@AB]_['`abc()de fghiJYZF#^jkJlmnopqOE'rstuvwxyOz@^SL{|x} ~O;<=>efE'([`€O‚ƒ„…(O†‡hˆ‰Š‹Œ^LqpO(; <=>Žh@YZAq{F#J‘’L;<=>“”@*•R'–—˜J™š›L| xœG(O(*•OžŸ ¡O¢£h¤’Z¥q{zOqp'F#(¦dO§¨˜ O©ªh«¬L©¦ŽgJE'ˆ‰­O®lh¯°±²L:;<=>?h³´Y':§¨ ˜?@™µ›L@AB¶A[S·q{¸¹'¦dºHO»¦ŽgE(O:;<=>?h¼ ½›L¾™Š¿:§¨˜?hÀYÁÂÃY'©¦Žg@™‡›L@ABCŽÄÅ[Ƅ nq{ |xǜƒ„ÈɜJƒ’ZÊGOËÌefgOÍ^;<=>“”OÎwÏÐÑ[Ò¬ „nopL@'F#J‘AZRӓ”hÔÕYZÔ֘YKB@ABŽ×[®mnLKB J¿·q[';<=>O؈‰Š¿ÙÚJRÛÜYq;<=>ÔÕOÝޒ@¿LKB¿ :ßà;<=>?O“”['|xœOF#^áâ±nZAq{:ßà;<=>?O“”áâ OãäJEåæçèéžOêë[S·q@±nL['ˆ‰­Oì˜híîY¿A@Bxy F#*+OïðR¢£YZAq@ñmnL{ÊGOefgJKL;<=>“”OÔÕJ‘ AZR'|xyOuv^()*+OòÖóô@YZOˆ‰­Oì˜[õ™ÑYZAL@› Lö÷[Ƅnq{@zø['ùú'ûüýçþÿcž€þ^O‚@ƒ„h…L†‡' Îw›Lˆ‰O‚Š:‹€Œ(?OŽ'|xÈÉyO;<=>Žh±„JÔÕ± ²L‰[ŽYZAL{ €pZOß­x‡^SLr‚tuvwxhêëYq()ƒ„E:x‡O…dÑ?† @‡ˆ'f‰Oß­x‡^SLrstuvwxhêëYqF#E:x‡…dÑ?hŠ!Y q§¨˜O!”hª"F#(¦dhNÖYq{#$@rºHJ%&±nZAL'O§¨ ˜E'(„ƒJ)*Š¿(ÍOx‡h”+JµAqj,O:ØxO-C?^SL[' ;<=>“”OÎwÏ./ÑJ@R¿·Z¦dO§¨˜O!”RÐѱ²L0ó[SL O^E¿Aƒ{ #1^E'2€OKB¿34ì÷hª·Z'“security”O_5J6·Z;<=>“”O° 5h7öYqB¬^'()*+J‘’L;<=>ŽOÔÔÕ 888 @¦dO§¨˜hÐѱ² L0óðJ"AZŽ9Lz@@›L{

%&“'()*+,-.”/012345

:F#(@:; <à=(@Oõ>?­@A;<=>HI?,FG;<=>HI‚ºBC úDÉ9OE]FE “Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and

Japan”^ST'“security” E:;<=>?@]±nZAL{HI^EF#Oƒ„J‘’L:– ÓGH?@F#OG(†O:IJKL?[Öp„nZAL{M„ÁzOqpJ';<=> @Eˆ‰Š¿‹Œh@›L(;<=>^SL'@ABö÷[jkOF#UJRNOY qO^SøB{P)JQRSTU,rVW‚ººXúY®9hZÁ@':;<=>?@E:` €ƒ„O[\J™YZ(‘KA(]O;<h=>›Lz@{^(iO_•'`a(Ób OÓc'()deJKLfg;<=>¿h?@ìihjkYZAL{

! l['E_O“security”@AB_E[\J™›L(ü(]O;<=>@ABìiJmÖ ±nZA¿A{Ž~E_OEESnhop›L@'qJ:(crsctUhuvcwx ƒ„©Lz@'yzÏ{|Orsc}~'‹é€h©L€ÏÏÏ?@AB_ì[‚ƒ „nZAL1)_{{›¿m„'“security” = “national security”^E¿A{E_O_5S*h…Á} @':†;,Anxiety9[¿Az@';<¿,being secure9ć'€ˆ¡_O Securitas ƒ„ Oˆ‰?@SL{±„J'ÓS*^ኋáO“secure”hop›L@':€ˆ¡_ securus ƒ „Oˆ‰'#µ‹Œ se cura ƒ„'se EAZAL(free from)z@'cura EŽü(care)? @SL2)_{

Yq[·Z'“security”E:Ž[¿AŠ;Ž?^SLO@Ó}J':[¿AŠ†‘ ì?^SL'@AB’˜ðhª"CD@¿L{“éž‹€”•E_S*hZÁ@'“security” OìiOj"@YZ:2#E.ÁO–à(7J,—E$˜€Oˆ^9'@[pL™¥š›A Oœ'†‘ì?[‚ƒ„n''O$@YZ'“Security Is Mortals cheefest Enemie.”@A B瞕ž‹Ÿ:OQ ž¡‹UO¢‹[£T€ƒ„nZAL3)_{{»pZE¨S*^“security”} h…Á@':;<';Ž?J¤AZ:æ¥?@AB]_[¦–›L{§¨©@YZ:Security is the greatest enemy.! æ¥wª?@SL4)_{{“security”O’˜ðJ«ì›™¥z@E'ÊG} OÝ®ef^"@J¬­±nZAL5)_{! ;<@AB®_E:<h;¯°L?@±pL{²³´µ¶E':;<?h:‰h·9Z¸ ¹'º¹'ŽPŠJE±±A¿»¼[S·ZR'±YZ½¼h¤’°'¾¼J¿„°½À ¿Y@CABLć^Á®›Lz@?@֘YZAL{'YZ':ïÖO;<34^Sn ÉÛL}h!Ž€EÖpBL['P)34@YZE;<JÈmTE¿A888888888?@CBÄÅÆ ÇgÈ{¤AZ:;<?@:;É?OÊÓhŽ9':;<34OˈÌÍO€JOˆ''n h·9Z;É[ÎÏ@¿LO^SLÏÏώÄ;Ð'ÑÒӍŠ;ÉEԕŸŸ:ŠÕ¯ ^STÏÏÏ;ÉOŽPEրŸ :Œ888888888888J›×¿A?@Ž¥›L6) ÄÅÆÇgÈ{ “security”[:;<Ï;Ž?^SL@Ó}J:æ¥Ï؎?@¿Lz@':;<JÈmT E¿Á';ÉEրŸ :ŒJ›×¿A?z@hÙL@'sC‚‚úÚۂ‚FOýF# wܺOº¼E'ÐAìihª„'ÝÞJßà{›¿m„'JÜÏáâüãY‰ä™•Ew åæ@C·qç̓„æ¥[oè·ZAqO^E¿Aƒ'GºJ)YZ:;É?@:;<? OéÓ[S·qO^E¿Aƒ{²³OCB:U[ê¥ZALmT'ƒ„[ê¥ZALmT'

‰ëƒ„‰ë†@ÁT¿[„;<34EjìJ"¿[·ZAÁ?7)_{z@E'()–íJ‘} ’L;<=>J"AZRîï›LO^E¿ƒøBƒ{ !

6&789:$;<=1234>?@AB

! ðñ‰¡E‚ºuòJW±nqóES*hôõYZ'‰• O:ö‹Ÿ÷‹øO} ~Jø(O:;<?c:†Î[?hìi›L“Securitas Publica”@ABù_[úûcüýJ þ±nLKBJ¿T'“ securitas”@AB€ˆ¡_[*+ŠìiàAhª"KBJ¿·q' @CB8)_{{ÿ :¡E'‚ºuòJ¿·Z“security”O:æ¥?@ABìi[yäJAq} z@'jkJ:;<?,safety9@ABìi^!j±nL“security”@ABCD[ù~Ow( Í`aJ‘AZRlmnZAqz@h¬­YZAL 9)<sub>{!ž"#•Ï¡¡$ŒE'%úO</sub> ‚XssúJ&Çh'oYqQ¦d*U^':;<=>,security9@êP'ß(')§E *+O+jOàdŠ^,-Š¿ÜŠ^SL?10)<sub>@.™q€^'“security”htOKBJÚ/</sub> Oìi^j0YZAL{ :Security JEÊ¿L1µJ‡„'Ê¿L2A¹h±nLÚ,Oª™g[AL{›¿m „'`(Oª™g'ª™g@¿T[„¿3*g''YZÓ9Áª™g@¿T[„¿4]Ó 5^SL{?:'nJ™YZ security [67±nL™¥®3J8YZEÏÏÏ`(Oª™g O®3EªìJKL®3'(9Oª™gO®3E3*gJKL:;'<lY¥–àJEË N'4]Ó5gO'nE†d®3@2ÂnL{?11) ¡¡$ŒEtUh‚=M@YZ;<=>hÕ¬q@ABj0RSL[12)<sub>'zOÚ/O</sub> “security”OqR`/JSL`(Oª™®3J™›L“security”E'—FO‰_^C¬Â:( ;<=>?^SøB{ ()dü()*+J‘’L“security”h:(;<=>?@֘YqOE'r‚tuvw xyOz@^SL{'nE()!c[fg;<=>O!{ˆ@YZY"Yqz@JKL13)<sub>{</sub> x#ƒ„xyOF#`aJ#‰Yq`abO$¯JKnÂ'%O™&'(xhMnL €€¡‹O`aï)g[€€¡‹O“sécurité”h*¯JÒ¬op'`+,E‚ºsCú~J “security”'“sécurité”! h:;<=>?@]›KBJ¿·q{'n2#JE:;<=>?@ ABCDR-J²°'()dO%.nJR;<=>@AB/ÜEPQY¿ƒ·q@AB14)_{ zOz@E'0J'nè^“security”h;<=>@]YZz¿ƒ·q@ABz@^E¿Á' 'R'R()d€O:;<=>?@AB“”'ORO['‚ºsCú~2#JEPQY¿ ƒ·q@ABz@^SL{123jOQ()d“ŽUEtOKBJjkYZAL{ :fg;<=>ErjtwxyJ4YÁŽYqÏÏÏ'R'R;<=>@ABCD@ “”[êènqO['P‡ŠJzOfg;<=>@@RJ^ST'ƒ"'nhìi›LR O@YZ^S·qÏÏÏtiŠ;<=>[5Š^S·q}œJE'd67@YZ;<= >OF@“”h8L±nZA¿ƒ·qÏÏÏ9­:;@AmnZAql’?15)_{^SL{! !}

! ’wxÍJ&DZnq()d$gOŽ$h±à@';<=>O֘J"AZtOKB¿ Ž.[ƄnL{:Sécurité ;<¿L_E<#O=)$nJE>"BƤ’¿ƒ·q$?^ SL['@còIEArBCrj/J Sécurité nationale ¿L?Œhl‰YˆDE®OjC F@3Yq{ÏÏÏjGHIúJHÛOˆDK~LMNJOZE=~P[QÄ;<ORqL ƒÈh(„ƒJ֘›LO0óh­kYq?(16)_{{:;<=>E=O;<h=>›Lz@} ^SL{ÏÏÏ;<=>E`€ƒ„O[\OwShTU›Lz@^SL@֘›Lz@[^ ¥L{'zJH"OV¶[SL{rjE`€ƒ„O[\OwS^ST'rHEzOwSO TU^SL{?17)_{zO֘h(ÝYqWXYZ[E'֘O\]@YZ‚ºsXúJ^â±} nq()!cOÌó$n^SL_€•öàìh‚ƒZAL{Q()8`dS*UJKnÂ' ÓàìE:;<=>O“”J"AZ'(J™Y`€ƒ„abŠƒ"bŠ,Ž!Š9J QAƒ¿LwxRPQY¿Az@Uz@[;<^ST''OqpJS„ƒ9p'OKB¿ wxhcG›Ldµhe9Z‘Áz@[0ó^SLz@?hó¿9ŠOj"@YZAL 18)_{ ! 2€J…‰YqKBJ'()dü()*+J‘AZ;<=>h(;<=>@Ó֛LÖ ˜E'’wxÍJև±nqRO^SL19)_{{Yq[·Z'rstuvwxyO|xœJ‘} AZ'G([“national security” híîYqz@JK·Z;<=>h(;<=>@Ә@ ›LÕ¬¹[fgYq@ABm’^E¿A20)_{

C&7D1234/EF1234

€J…‰YqhiŽ$E'()!còIh:=)§¨;<=>Ow¦û?^SL@አY'§¨Š()8`@^(O;<=>h7‡›Lj­OkŽE:@còIOlâ?^SL @nAq{l['ӎ$E:uvŠjkdò?^SLŽ®O!còI^ïVm"Y'^J „O‰nJo9q:)J?Ö?ODÉJK·ZòIOp­hqrs‡›Lz@['()§ ¨O{|lâ€qtO•^SLz@J^(O÷g[‰<uvHI2wšxÁJ¿·q'@ RnAZAL21)_{{‰<uvHIEy˜^E:€¡€¡ŸOŽÄzªJ8›Lõ>=>H} I?h¬Y'E&†{|JK·Zî}±nqJ„Šfg;<=>HI^SL{znEñ u~¡fO!¯˜Š¿;<=>b,()–ÓMJKL§¨9h€²°'ŽP˜Š¿ ;<=>b,­O:;JKL§¨9ƒ„ ‹[î‚Y⇱²qHI^SL22)_{ ()§¨de@YZY"Yq()!cOòIJE:fg;<=>?@ABCDEƄn ¿A[''Oe¯EòIJ{ˆƒn„nZAL{:J„Šfg;<=>?J"AZE'CD ER„ø¯'“”R!còIJEƄn¿A{znJ™YZ'()!à¦ûJE'„c( O:tiŠ…EfgŠ…HO†‡O‚=?,V‚H9@:()O§¨@;<J8›LÏÏÏ J„Š£‰…EJ„Šd8?,VsH9OPQhöpLH/[SL 23)_{y.OKBJ'ö ‰•ˆu¿fg;<=>J„¬ZJ„Š¿fg;<=>Röp„nLz@h¦ûJ(þ›

Lz@['()*+OŽPh‰è¬qŽP˜Š¿;<=>^SL@ABñÕ[zzJÆ „nKB{!à(@Oe¨HI,$¡€€¡ç‹Š§¨HI9JKT†‡h$'YqF# RÓHIJKT'(!¦û[ÖpL‚(@YZOfgŠ…H‚O=‡@fgŠ;<= >O£‹p†O„ƒ[öp„nq24)_{{ÓHIJIx¥'F#E:; <@;<=>HIh} ɯl{ ‚ºVBúºÛXF'!à(@O§¨HI@Ó}JF±nq:F#(@:; <à= (@OÍO;<=>HI?,ÑFG;=HI9E''O#$^':F#([‚(@YZf gŠ;<=>£‹phDɛL‚=h‡›Lz@?h§¨HI[!öYZALz@':<Z O([tiŠ@AfgŠ…HO†‡O‚=h‡›Lz@?h(!¦û[!öYZALz@ h7öYZAL{'YZ':zn„O‚=O®l@YZ888888888888'F#(EÏÏÏF#(9@A'O ŒùJ:; <à=([ˆhzª›Lz@hŽ›L?25)_{ÄÅÆÇgÈ@#$E¤AZ} AL{ FG;=MNc NATO Oâ‡['|xœOý™‡h%&YZALz@ECBè^R¿ A{‰<uvHI[(‘’OŽÄzªcõ>†Î['ˆ‰­O“'ONm'”¯ª(h ¯ÖY¿AJ„Šfg;<=>^S·qOJ™YZ'|xœOJ„Šfg;<=>Eý ’•–O'n—n[õ‹¹h”¯ª@Æ¿›:fgGH?Oð˜hª·q{znJ"AZ ()d$gE'¦û[#¯ÖYZAq(!;=!O:=‰?ü:KÎ?J'O®™hƒƒ „²qJ„Š£‰@EðšhÊJ›Lz@E(„ƒ^SL[':fgŠ…H‚?[¦ûJ› ƒ±nqÉÃ':fgŠ…H‚JIxÁJ„Š£‰?[ÎÏJ¿·q@j0›L{ql'' nEŽPO()*+O¢£h¤’q:()d…„O.œ†‰¿'ŽPŠtà?26)_^S· q@YZAL{ ž.OKBJ'()–íJ‘’L;<=>h(O;<=>@֘YqOE'’wxÍ œOz@^ST'|xœJ¿·ZpZ:; <[;<=>Š(;<=>@AB֟h :7‡?YKB@Yq'@ABm’^E¿A{ql'rstwxÈÉ#yJ:; <O*   ï ) g [ “8defense 8888888 ” 8 K T R R8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8¡ ƒ " ¢ £ Š ^ j ¤ ð @ Š ¤ ð h ª " @ A B ì i ^ “national security”@ABCDhlAopL@''Oìi^O:¥¦ˆO¿ƒ·q“”[2 #ƒ„PQYqƒOKBJ'(]ì÷OkJ§p¨ènq?27)_{@ABÄÅ[S·qO^S} øB{x͜O()d$gc`aï)gÍO–·!j――fgŠ;<=>@ˆDJKL^ (O;<=>@ABìi^O:;<=>Š(;<=>?@EÊ¿L(;<=>O“” [¦–Yq@ABz@^SL{›¿m„'ˆ‰@™`*•h©àYq:(GH?KTR RA“”O:(;<=>?^ST':; <O™`8`hª›L¬«!”@YZO:( ;<=>?^SL{:; <O½ÆJ‡ZÂ''O:(;<=>?O¬­@YZJ„ Šfg;<=>O狈Œe®[S·q@C¬KB{

G&HI7JK$;<=1234

! F#(¦dOH$OkJE:;<=>?@ABCDEƄn¿A{ql'#$kJ':F #(]EÏÏϧ¨h¯›L°(]O)±@˜J€YZ'mn„O;<@êPh=ª YKB@‹ìYq?@Oj²[SL{F#(¦dEF#_[±$^SL['¦dO‰P€ O°³g^SL GHQ,!à(ˆq´µ¶bßµ¶€9O]*)[^âYqE$³·O¸ï €VhÆL@'“we have determined to rely for our security and survival upon the justice and good faith of peace-loving peoples of the world”28)_{@¿·Z‘T''zJE“security”@ABC} D[lmnZAL{¦dO#$kJE':;<=>?c:…H‚?':GH?J8›LòÖE ¿Á'rºHJ‘AZ':x‡O¹º?@:x­@Aax‚O»ö?[Öp„nZALl’ ^SL{ ! F#@Ó/¿rstuvwxO¼x(^SL%O¦d,%!½–¨(I#d9 E''Ors¾Hrs/^:§¨hzª›LqpJ'>´Š¿fg;<=>ON¿J„c ^¥L?@Y'Ԉ~OqpOI#d»±JKT'rXÀÁH^:GHOqpˆh}µ ›L?@òÖYZAL29)_{{%E¦dOH$^:fg;<=>?c:GH?J8›Lò} Öh(þYq['F#E¦dj0JK·Z:…H‚?@:…H­?O=ªJKL;<=> h±ïÑYZ¥q{¦dj0JKT'F#[…H‚h=ªY…H­h=‡YBL@AB ~O* cefgOÆjJ"AZE'žJÝ®efJKTÃÄJ(„ƒJ±nZALO^' zz^E'O“£h‘±„A 8888 YqA{ ! ¦drºHOu•%E'F#[4¦dONÖJ‘AZ‰è¬L™¥ãÅhÝYq é< •$•v•ŸJ6L{!à(ˆq´µ¶bÿö€‹ü é<•$•[6ÝYq'Ov•ŸO rsãÅJE':†‡j‹O‹Œ@YZOx‡h¹º›L'±„J…(O;<=>O‹Œ@ YZOx‡hR¹º›L?@S·qăEÇgÈ{@zø['‚º¾BúsۂÚFJÇ ÈÉ]*)ƒ„F#ÙJ6ݱnq¦d³·JE'ƒ€Oþ.[¿ƒ·q{zOz@J "AZ]*)Oï‰gE'…Hx‡O»Öè^E®¥Ê×@Õ¬q@$¯YZAL{=× Ë¦d»±ïiLM„OLM­ÌX:O6·JK·Z':#/O܊hÍâ›Lqp?@A BÎYn¥[ºHrs/OÏ+:Ðÿш'O¸Ox­Eznh=ªY¿A?J8„±n q{ÌXEyO¦dî҄^'…H­@…Hx‡höpLqpOÓ±^S·q@ÔCYq{ zOÌXÓ±h¤’ZF#OՃ*•hÖ!›L!à(O‰ýLM„,GE~&k×}Ø 9E'F#[…HOqpOÙ­{|hª"z@[ÎÏJ¿·q@Ã¥Y'$]*NJ8 ›LH/h¦dJ›ƒ›L,Ž¦drBsHrs/@¿L9z@h¬ÝYq{ 2€Oj0hÂÛLŽgRAL{¬Â'¦dî҄['ƒnq}Æ^E(„ƒJ± nZA¿ƒ·q['yJ)'±nqÚþÛh±à@'ÌXEºH‚/@s/OPŽOÌÜ h´’LqpJÎYn¥h6·›L'@YƒþÛ±nZA¿A{ÌXÔCE»ÖŠ¿:* +Š¢£­?hª·q@ABÂÃ^SL30)_{{l['ï}¦dNÖ^zJ8mTÌX@cT} @T[S·q8`gOÔCh±à@'ÌX[ÝÞhª·ZÓ±h®·qz@RmƒL{Ì

XE:'BABìßąHOqpOÙ­O=‡È[·Lè^à„n¿Az@[0ól@ñ ·q?@R.™ZAL31)_{{ÌX…áRâãhöpZALKBJ'zOKB¿äåYqcT} ¹JEÂÃRSøB{YƒY¿[„'ÇÈÉO¾w¿‚­O®l@ABï}OÄÅJRñ AhE²L0ó[SLO^E¿Aƒ{RnJYZR'‰ýLM„[ÌXÓ±h#.Oìi J@„¬Z:$]H/?O›ƒh¬ÝYq@AB‰PEͅA¿A{ q´æOçè‰FË^ÃݱnqKBJ'Ž®¦dE‚(@YZOF#O…H‚ h»ÖYZA¿A{±„JËE:'O܊Äm[(O;<=>È?h͛LJ>±mYA ¹Ÿ…E‹Œ^SLmT'()n9OPnJéoYZtï@öp„nLROhêëz@[ ^¥Lz@ER@KT?^SL'@ÃÝYZAL{32)_{{l['rst;ì*‚OY"2w'} ¦dj0^öp„nL…H‚JfgŠ…H‚[ÝènLOƒ»ƒJ"AZíYA׎[° ¥ZALz@EîÙO·T^SL{׎OŠ@¿·ZALsC‚¾úÀۂFOï×‹Ö :(OP‡h<BY'(]hLqpOðnÜO¿A;<=>dNOñ~J"AZ?h± à@''Ok^'fgŠ…H‚J8mL€VE¾/ÜOkOÚO:¦drºHOÆ^KŠ ±nL…HOdµ?^SL{žJ ‹Š#^RÁòó±nZALKBJ''zJE':ô[88 (@õö¿8`JSL¸( 888888888888 J™›Luv?ÄÅÆÇgÈ[':ô[(OP‡?hƒY':( ]Oê÷ü…øÏùúûüO‚=?[:\ýƒ„þ±nLwx?[(|JSL@¥'¸(J ™›LuvhTU›Lz@E':…HOqpOdµ@YZ¦d€KŠ±nL?@þ±nZA L33)<sub>{</sub> zBYqÆjJ™YZE'fgŠ…H‚O®lE¦d€K±n¿A@YZ¥q#O*  …„Oj0hþ›RO^SL'@›LÀYAÂÃ[SL{34@¿·ZALOE‚ºÀ sú@‚ºX‚úO:fgŠ…H‚O®lEöp„n¿A?@Yq* ÿn^SL 34)<sub>{</sub> ^E''n2#OfgŠ…H‚J8›L* j0EhB^S·qOƒ{ÝJ¬­YqKB J'ÑFG;=HIO#$^E'F#([(!¦û^öp„nqzn„O‚= 888888 ―tiŠü 8888 fgŠ…HO†‡O‚=h 888888888888 ®lYZ;=HIhDÉY':; <ˆO«hŽ›L@n ƒnZAL{¤™Š^m֊¿á^ESL['zO}'›¿m„†‡$'}JF#Efg Š…H‚O®lh-CYZAL@C¬KB{'OyO* j0J‘AZR'¸(O#!G888888 Hh…¦8888@Y¿[„R''n2`Oà¦@j0^¥LfgŠ…H‚®lOá‡[ST"L888888888888888888888888 @ABÆj[ƄnL 35)_{{€^7öYqï׋ÖkOfgŠ…H‚®lOHFEÀYÁ'} *‚[‚ƒZAL®lO‰EP)JEFG€ÍO–ÓGHJ8mLROJ#$mÖ± nZAL{fgŠ…H‚O®l@C·ZRØ%JmÖ±nqá^SL{ ql':; <#!J߃B&ó&O'(ü)½^E¿A*öŠ¿+vJ"AZEG#( OGH@ABz@J¿L['ŽQO…HJE'OKB¿Ï­E#@¯h¿AO^'34 @¿LJYZR,O34@¿øB{èq'-uç./ü0uŒ1ÿ2†O3ÿ€4› 56E'/7x‡ÈÉyOÿ€…HO3ÿ84›O‰OKB¿:()9:?^SLO

ƒ'x;}O3ÿhR¯Ö›LOƒJK·Z34Oð˜EÊ¿øB{ŽQOF#O(<h Õ¬LO^SnÂ'ÊG°(OKBJ}O*‚OÃ¥JKL,(9dOHF8’ESøB [9fgŠ…H‚O®lh<ڊJöpLO^E¿Á'Gˆ€@O–ÓGH@ABá^ O®lJm֛™¥^E¿Aƒ{èq'ŽQO(]uŽR<Ú®lJE!ÓYZA¿A{

L&MN@1234/JK@OPQR

! :E9pJ?^.™qKBJ'xyF#O;<=>*•E:; <O(;<=>O¢ £h¤’Z¥q{YƒY¿[„'zOz@E'F#[…„O;<=>hˆ‰Š¿‹ŒKL (;<=>JmÖY';<=>hˆ‰;<=>@ÓÖYqz@hìiY¿A{¦dO§ ¨˜OÆ^';<=>J‘’L:؈‰Š¿‹Œ?[׎±n''OŽ×[‚ºXCú J:ßà;<=>?@AB“”JÉPY! " #_{'!õOL"h¤’Z^â±nq:ßà;<} =>eföu•_ò#n?^£Tè@p„nZAL{ò#nE';<=>h:…(O(] ê$h±è%迁‚ƒ„Lz@?@֘Y'™&ƒ„@‹ŒO./ð@ABìi^; <=>EßàŠ^SL@CB{;<=>34J8›L##O׎E'ˆ‰Š‚†O™' @'²A(A)º†O™'JmÖ±nZ¥q['åæwdyJ™&ƒ„OÎw[(|J¿ ·q@ò#nE¬­›L{ÓnE'™`8`,FG8`'™kÏ~8`9@…H­'*+ u•;<=>',-;<=>'wò.Jܙ•h™&ƒ„@YZ£T€ƒZ'zn„O 34hj‹›L‹ŒE؈‰Š‹ŒJRˆ‰Š‹ŒJRmÖ±n¿AßàŠ¿RO^SL @YZAL{ ò#nE;<=>O֘J¤’Z';<=>*•h()/‘O»0@Ócü`a(@O? ­'…1j­OZ"O"¡uOj­ƒ„e⛙¥^SL@Ò¬ZAL{'n^E'./ ¿;<=>34h./¿‹Œh‰AZZ"O"¡uOj­^j‹›L';<=>O2A‹ Eln¿Oƒ{eföu•_E'ßàŠ¿;<=>*•EGH3OˆO44^E¿Á'` +,cw5,'67,'·8—z,'(!3¿hO,3[8`YZAL@CA':(ßà ;<=>„×?O}‡h6CYZò#nhɯ^AL! $ #_{{(]h±è%迁‚ƒ„} Lßà;<=>O“”E;<=>hˆ‰Š¿(;<=>JmÖY¿ƒ·q['(JK L;<=>O~¡9hÎw›L(h½Æ@Yq;<=>bJIxÁ“”^S·q@C ¬KB{ßà;<=>O6Cƒ„‚Cú^|x[ÈɛL@'(kŽO;<=>b^E j‹^¥¿A'(]<MO;<=>^E¿A'UÍjUjUO;<=>――:UÍO;< =>?[‘ܱnLKBJ¿L{ :UÍO;<=>?E':;<=,(!'Y>?9O:UÍ'Yò#n‚ºº¾ú?^ :ª¤ÎÏ¿UÍ'Y?ƒ„:±„Jj@‰ˆ¨à?á^6Ò±nq“”^SL{Óò# nE'U6OF%ê$J‘’L†;――:AšcBC'Àz'DE'ƒ„OFG'*+Š &;'/‘º¼¿hO‚?ƒ„„nZALz@[UÍO;<=>^SL@֘Yq{

±„Jò#nE'õ>HPOuvJ‘AZ:UÍO;<=>Euv–·O34?@¿T' :BC'Aš'I¦'JK£…'ˆ‰']L†‡'ƒ„OMN¿hEA°nR0†O34 ^E¿Á'(‘^,AOpLz@[^¥¿A34?@¿·ZAL'@CB{UÍO;<= >O2A‹Eß((üP¸(O^* ^ST'UÍO;<=>hPŽ›™ÁÔQ±nq() d8^ST''n„hÖ!›L(!^SL{ò#nE':ƒ!RÌ@ˆ~JKL;<=>? ƒ„:UÍ̽Oª¤ÎÏ¿UÍ'YO;<=>?†@:;<=>OI#Š“”h֘Y *›z@[^¥L?@Ò¬q!%#_{{zOqp':UÍO;<=>?E‚@ƒ„hLS*} Š¿(;<=>h»Ö›L“”^SL@›Lj0Rêènq{ zO34J"AZsCCÚúJYP±nq(!O:UÍO;<=>LM„qÈò#?E' :;<=>OTÆ88E(ƒ„U6O;<=>†'›¿m„QUÍO;<=>U†@Îw88± n¿’n¿„¿A?ÄÅÆÇgÈ'UÍO;<=>E:##O;<=>“”€E‚@Æ ¿±n¿ƒ·qwxóôJ™o›LÆ^'Q(O;<=>UhqA"L?! &#_@k(YZ AL{›¿m„:(O;<=>ƒ„UÍO;<=>†?@E';<=>[‘ìhߒL ™¥TÆOÎw^ST'(;<=>ƒ„OUV^E¿A{èq'(O;<=>hql ›L:UÍO;<=>?[S*Š¿(;<=>h»Ö›Lz@RST"¿AløB{ F#E:UÍO;<=>?O“”ÑcPWJ9:Y'UÍO;<=>hF#`aOXO j"@1µx’ZAL{¦d#$^-C›L:°(]O)±@˜?JF#O;<hY› L@AB:§¨˜?E'¼xhêëYqF#[:ØxhZB?@AB:¤™Š¿§¨ ˜?OP(^E¿AløBƒ{»¦O[ØhŽ9Lz@[#1O܊^E¿A[',' ¦d»±[½2JƒLz@[SnÂ'UÍO;<=>OPWJ9:›L:ϙŠ§¨˜? !"#$%&'()*+,-!./01234156789:;<=>?@&A+BCDE@F G8HI&JKL1,-M=N232OP+>?@MQ+RS&T2UV5WXYZ[\]&A+ ^_8`a5[bYcdef!=gh-i+6jkl8`am56789:;<!no-i+ pqrQ+36789:;<8HIsK5tu"#86jvw!xy0Uz{i+,-VQ|} +~€3

;ST$

!

:;<=>?@ABCDEE_“security”'&_“sécurité”O\]_@YZ'’wx͜J :;<?c:;\?O]_J„¬ZF#_O_]@¿·qCD^SL{'n['()!c OÌó$nOk^':;<=>E(J™›Lwx[PQY¿Az@''OcGOqpO™ •?@֘±n';<=>Š(;<=>@±nq{znE()dü()*+€O֘^S T'E_c¸O^•‰é__[ª"jkŠ¿ìi@Ei˜^SL{@zø['“security”O jkŠ¿ìi[#ª":æ¥?@ABìiE'—FO;<=>34hÕ¬L€^'ÝÞ Š^ÝÞJßà{¸¹'®_O;<E:<h;¯°L?@ABìi^ST'j}O:;É?

@Eìi[Ê¿T'znRÝފ^SL'(# { ‚yƒ5„‚y$85@…8†‡9;&A+ˆ‰rŠ‹ŒLU21Žpq8MwŒ L1RS@"#=5‘8RS68’“sKiL”5ˆ‰-2€•9–—!V1KiV8-˜™š hKL18sV0LN230s0NrK5›8ƒ8œ‚8žŸ! ¡i+„‚5„‚8¢£&A +•¤¥8¢¦—-•ˆ‰§8¨‘—8Š‹5›0U•©ª«„‚—-¬”L­h1]@78j®¯ °&A+±²8³´µ-2€5‚ƒ¶·¸8@¹“º8»¼!x+~™MV59:;<r½¾Np ¿&ÀÁÂÃ,-=NÃ5Ä&žNÆÇÈÉ-N+,-rOs+3•¢¦0N2¤¥—8ÊËsKÌ *U5ÍξN@Ï9:;<VxÐ0}+ÑÒ&¢¦!Ó*+,-=Ns€3•@Ï9:;<= ˆ‰@Ï8:Ã8ÔÕ֗!"_{-׀ØÙ=ÚØMQ+3@Ï9:;<r5nationÛ@ÜÝ89:;} <sK statesÛސÝ89:;<&ß01-2€àá=5â*”5Æãäåސ8æÕ-Ççè8 9:;<!éêHi+jëefÛ41=ìíÜeefÝ8Ççè8t¯j&î2U=ï‘i+M Q€3ðñòêòF¨8ó@&î2U=׀&ô”õ5ö÷øùúû8üý¯j8DE@& î2U=NTŒKMQ+3 þ ,8A€N@ÿ8ސ9:;<-t´8RS8@Ï9:;<!é&€2Ug+-iL”5 ›L=‚Ks&u(ƒ„MQ+3…Ø58¯j!…†‡&ˆ‰0U¯Š!‹ŒŽi+,-N Q|}N205•>?Üeef@—&T2UV5"#!I-i+#ޑrj®8’“!”ši +•–!—˜U2+,-&»O|=N23™åšûr׀©›œ89:;<――j®8”!sK8 !"=5tŽRS&T2UV•ƒ„0R8Ö#—M=N23›L-é&5©êœ89:;<―― d$8%ësK8@Ï9:;<Vƒ&8Ö#M=N23'()*+Y,-.ç+/“º&xKL +A€&5@Ï8d0!1+9:;<=Ž2LNM=NÃ534-0U5oN6a-0U7ÿ 8$&t80U2+31~5›86a89:&T2U;<¾N=>&?@i+,-=žAMQ|5 •”š-ÔB—8CDNE)åÉrnoMQ+3RS=FG-Ççè8•©ª«„‚—&H‚Iõ5 •*É)û@—§8J®uK&VH)0U2N23ó@-8ÔB8LVMN0U=2N23›,&=5 •ÔGOP—V•QR‚8S)'T—V•‚§8L—VN23 þ U5øÇVúûYW‚X8J®Y!Z[i+•6789:;<—&A˜U@¹¾N9:;< \]!^_05`aM5"#8ˆ‰ef8bc!d4*NrK5te¾&RS89:;<!Ì *+E)åÉ8-L1fØrgÒhE&ihKLU2+3 !"

!"Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh edition, Oxford University Press, p.1548

#"The Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology, The H.W. Wilson Company, 1988 , p. 978.

$"The Oxford English Dictionary Second edition volume XIV, Clarendon Press Oxford , reprinted 1991, p.854.

%"&'()(*+,-./0#1234521999 627.##$8

9"See James Der Derian, “The Value of Security,” in : Ronnie D. Lipschutz, eds., On Security (New York :Columbia University Press, 1995), pp.27-29; Michel Dillon, Politics of Security (London and New York: Routledge,1996), pp.125-128.

:";<=>?@ &ABCDE―ABFGHIJK―/LMNO12!PQR62$:―$RS(TU R"VW2$RS(TU

Q"Michael Dillon, Politics of Security, p.125.

P"James Der Derian, On Security, pp.27-28.@ )'XYZ[F\I]^_F Oxford -`Fa\bcd ]^efU

gAct of Security :!R8%6hijklmYnopqrstuvw2xyFz{b|}~secure" €‚ƒF„…†‡wˆtu‰eŠ‹2ijklmYnFxŒŽXYxF‘’b“” fI]v•The Oxford English Dictionary,p.854.

10"Jeremy Bentham, The Works of Jeremy Bentham vol.9. (Constitutional Code Chapter –), John Bowring eds.,@ Bentham Project Bentham Online~http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/1920"

11"Ibit.

12"—˜™šg&y›AB|}/‡GHfœF•2žŸ 2—˜™š&¡¢£¤¥¦IAB|}/ §¨©`2#8!%62!99S(TU—˜Z2y›AB|}‡ national~yªF"security Ž state~y›«¬F"security ­I®¯]^ef2I°±U—˜™š@ &AB|}IZ²@ y› Ž³´­/§¨`µ2#8!$62QR¶QQS(TU—˜h·¸^AB|}F¹ºb»¼] vI½¾tuf¿YÀÁZ2ÂãÄ,ÅÆFÇÈqZ‰ÉÊËÅÆFÇÈh·fgÌÍ£qΠϣ‰Ä,FvÐFÑmY•b`2ga҄yª~civilized nations"FÓË~welfare"FvÐ h2‰ÔÕÉ2Ö+×yIØmYi(Great Britain and France)FÓËFvÐh•[ubÙÚ2I Û]^efU(http://utexas.edu/poltheory/bentham/pil/pil.e04.html)@ ÜNIZ݉‹2[FÞNZgy ª•Igy›•‡ßà]^e‰egáӉ•ÞNqâ¸vIe±[Iqâ㱍UÜNFy› AB|}FGÆhäe^Z2_åqæçf[IIfU 13"yèéêëì0!:…ZgìíîïðFÄ,£ñsòóôõö÷øðùúûüýþêyÿ2€ ‚B÷‚þêyùÃöøðƒ„ó„öüý…‚l†‡i•I]^efUtŽhV…Z2[uh Ã]^ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽˆ˜bÂä2þꐑpZþêFì풓FvÐh”df•–Fߗ b˜y™šh›œfÆ!‡âf2I]^efU[[hZ2¡¢AB|}Ie±¹ºZâf‡2 “collective security”g¡¢AB|}•Ie±°!ZéêëìF"hZǎu‰eU#$%?h· u&2g¡¢AB|}•Ie±°!Z2yèéê09'(p0$)*ph+,f-.`~!P# %6P/$80"F"q1Ð^”dtuvU#$%?@ &È2£AB|}F3£34/45O12 !PQP62!!S(TU 14"67ˆ8@ &AB|}9:/;<=2!P:862RS(T2>?@š@ gAB|}F3£AB•

&0?FAB|}/0?yèCD34EF<34EG2F<34EO1p2!P:R629-RS(TUHIJK@ g0LAB|}…ìF¼{‘M•&0?FAB|}/!PP-#88S(T NOU

15"PQRš@ &yèw¹æ/ž2SaT2!PP!62$$!S(TU

16"UIVWX@ gSécurité~š"•&YèwZŽ[\/0#R]0:^2!P#Q629S(TUy èéêëì0Q…0!_Z2éêyZgyFAB•Iyè£Æ!h·f`¬abhc}F‰eŠ ‹2debffg‡âf2IˆÐ^evU

17"h$ijX@ gAB|}CD•&YèwZŽ[\/0$$]0!^2!P$%62Q-!!S(TU 18"&y蘏w-./yèwCpG@ jkT2!PP962:Q:S(TU 19"!P$!6hlƒtuv&eãZcÜNmÖ-./qZ2gAB|}•FGHbgyè£hn Zo³£hqœ2pFABvf[IbŽq]ÉZrs£h|}f[I•Iñ:]^o³F ABhœ°t]20u£‰+mFGHœvw]^efU&0?mÖ-./0#10!]2xCy2 #88862R#PS(TU 20"—˜™šZ2y›AB|}zAB|}ZX{'|Fg}]ä,•qâ‹2g~øF€ZF² €qœ‰e•I‚ç^efUžŸ 2—˜™š@ &¡¢£¤¥¦IAB|}/!99-!9: S(TU

21"UIVWX@ gSécurité~š"•2!!S(T2gSécurité~ƒ"•&YèwZŽ[\/0#R]0R^2 !P#Q62$:-$QS(TNOU

22"„…‰†‡'iZŽZ2n†ˆb‰ufØmYibŠ‹]2n†ˆbŒ(kŽh‘’t“ ^”•qFg–—h·f•b˜Ü]·±I]vU™šRš@ &yè›9@ !QœŒ(k ŽŽ#!œXTX­/2"ž©`2#8!#62#!8-#!9S(TNOU

23"gyè韠å•&de…슡¢¡/£$¤šG2;¥T2!PQQ62!Q-!PS(TU 24"Treaty of Peace with Japan, Database of Japanese Politics and International Relations, Institute of Oriental

Culture, University of Tokyo.

(http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/worldjpn/documents/texts/docs/19510908.T1E.html) 25"&de…슡¢¡/2#9#S(TU

26"PQRš@ &¡¢A|I¤¥¦/2¦¥T2!PPP629%S(T2:P-R8S(TNOUg¡ ¢£¤¥¦•b åh§¨fh©¸vgy誫h˜féŸypo•~ÀYØmYöijp o"F¬­häe^Z2V`%8-%:S(TNOU

27"Daniel Yergin, Shattered Peace The Origin of the Cold War and the National Security State, Penguin Books,1977, pp.194-195.

28"®¯6K@ g¡¢ GHQ °œ!P%:6#/!$0•&±.Ž²³ñÉ0LŽ´Fµ¶·@ 0? y wZ¸±¹ºuv»/@ ¼†i|½(¾`2#8!$62#%RS(TU

30"—˜™š@ &gÄ,y›•0?FÂÃÄ/2§¨ÜNaÁ2#8!$62%$¶%%S(TNOU  wC’qâfŚÆÇÈZ2wɼ{F¬­2pFÊ°’ˬˆÌÍF‘’FÎÏZp FwÉFñÐbsˆ]‰e2gP…b wB«F«ÑIºh«Ñ£hŒbÒ,fÓÔFñЕ bo态qâfI°±Uºv2gÕ¥h˜fsˆZÖ×Fjil‡ÖÉ2M-FŠˆh ·‹yªF£Ø‰Ù‚Ú–œŠˆtuf•I°±UŚÆÇÈ@ & w/2©œ52!PP:62 :8¶:!S(T2R8¶R!S(TNOUœ]œ ÛÛÛ 2wÉFÊ°’FÜi ÛÛ h·¸^2wÉF« ÑIºhpFG݇Þßtu‰¸vI]vŽ2pFàŸhZ ÛÛÛÛÛÛ pFwÉZáâ]‰,u&‰ Ž‰e2IÎÏf[I‡ˆuFÝάãqZ‰eFä㱍U؍hœæZuhâ]eIZŠ Ž‰eU]]âfCDhäe^2Å6håv¸^æ¼tu^vœæZ2çB‰j…YèY ihéÒÉu꣉قI°ÏfFqZ‰eU\Ï&20?FAB|}häe^Fœæë F'ìZg0LA|«¬I¤¥íqABbîf•‡Q8ïbðÏ^efUñ=šh·fļ# %6!/F¤¥íÕ¥CDh˜fëqZ2Q#Û$ïqâfU ~http://www8.cao.go.jp/survey/h23/h23/-bouei/ 2-6.html"¤¥íI0LA|…ìFŸ òbOóW ‡¸vg wFw•ŽÇ^ñÐf wC’F{àhZ2wÉôõ›I]^FšöFCC £÷ø‡âfFœùu‰e‡2p[hZšúyªFj…YèYiIFûü‡âfFqZ‰e Uvä2ŚÆZgýþÿh·¸^¹çv–F€Z2!h"#È2b$Ð^%Aˆ&]2 þ–ïðF'(bœvŽ'(‡âf•Ie±2'X'i÷)k*‰+êœ,]^efUŚ ÆÇÈ& w/R$S(TU-‰³h2ýþÿh·f–F€b.,fIe±ÎÏ/Z2ýþ ÿæb0ˆf~ø10?FÕ¥™2F3›qâ¸vU\Ï&2Õ¥€`&0?FÕ¥/Õ¥ 42!PRQ62RQQ―RP#S(TNOU 31"5£6R725£Ê89@ &0?y w¼{3/0%]2;<=2!PP%62RQQ¶RP# S(TNOU

32""I:È@ ;4Æ<@ M!@ !@ u?O!G7@ &"# wÙ\/0$12$%&ÖC'`lƒ p2!PP#6@ !#S(TU 33"(r)*+(ÁS(TU(http://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/kakugikettei/index.html) 34"[Fì,`Z5p-o*F¯ChìÏf»q.¼tuvœFqâfU[uhZ2Õ¥CDb/¸ ^yp0o‡ï1fÞF™ƒ23‡45]^efFqZ‰eU‰å-2¤¥í6 b7 ÏfšÆQ-Ë8ijÜFæF"q2o9£¤¥¦bâ&fvÐh¡¢£¤¥¦b:^f ì,`b.¼]vFqZ‰eU¡¢£¤¥¦Fƒ”hB;£hÞÃf—˜™šœ2ñ=w¬ <Zg“Ð^o9£¤¥¦FŸ òb²IÒØ&]·±I=v>h?–]^v@A2!h &¡¢£¤¥¦Z6 /Ie±æb.ŽBfbC‰É‰¸v•I°±U—˜˜™š@ &gÄ, y›•0?FÂÃÄ/$$%S(TU 35)@ D¯EFg wP…I¡¢£¤¥¦―ypì,Ž¡¢£¤¥¦ñÐF®GbÇf(•&HØI HYi/#8!!6!!/2y{yp'`yëtJ{wÎë<2$R¶$QS(TNOU!P

RQ6FÕ¥€`Z2g™šZVêyFyK2yªhÃfLMhÃNf[Iºq+Ð Žu^Ze‰eIFÎÏ/Ž2¡¢£¤¥¦Fƒ”Z2 wWOtufœFqZ‰eIFÇñ bI¸^ef•IÛP]2¡¢£¤¥¦Fƒ”byFQKÕ¥IˆÆ]^efU&0?FÕ¥/ !PRQ629RS(TURP6IQ86F€`FÛPœVRqâfU(http://wwww.clearing. mod.go.jp/hakusho_data/1979/w1979_02.html; http://www.clearing.mod.go.jp/hakusho_data/1980/w1980_02.html)

36)@ ¥£ST24?TU@ &(ŸA|IVóFWX/2YZ52!PP!62:Q¶R8S(TNOU 37)@ &(ŸAB|}34[ý(Ñ-.`/!PQ86R/#02¼(ü¿(i&œÀI0?/0? ™ƒŠy蘏¼(ü¿(i2¦\ÖC¦]a&34E@ $"Ò 34^U-.`ZZŽ™2h + , f d ‘ £ g _ F ` õ œ a Ð ^ e f U (http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ b worldjpn/documents/texts/JPSC/19800702.O1J.html) 38) cdef&³´gh-.`@ !PP%/0?m12y菖O12!PP96NOU 39)&³´FAB|})*pÓi-.gj/#88$69/!02³´FAB|})*p‘!<U @ &k-l/0:1~#88Q6!/!!00!mhƒ"Z2gAB|}•FGHI]^2091F ˆÆhnÏ^go62³´F¹pI¹qF|Bbrõf&³´FAB|}/Ie±¹ºœ›7• IÛ]^efU 40)@ ¼†Yœ2gABb|}fIe±[IZ2sqZ‰É2эèiqâ‹2šöF?–qâf• I°±UMichael Dillon, Politics of Security, p.122.