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Tetsuya Uchiki Hiroki Tomizawa ඤ!࿐!ഓ!࿟ !!ີ!ᚧ!ࢼ!ਏ ! Social Environment on ICT Literacy Education in Japan based on the Field Studies ૂ༭ܖயޗ֗ͬ੘ͥ২ٛഎેޙͅ۾̳ͥࣉख़ ਋࣒୆͈৘ఠ಺औͅܖ̞̹̿

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(1)

ၯ₹ᄢቇ♿ⷐ㧔ᢎ㙃ቇㇱ㧕╙Ꮞ╙㧝ภ ᐕ

਋࣒୆͈৘ఠ಺औͅܖ̞̹̿

ૂ༭ܖயޗ֗ͬ੘ͥ২ٛഎેޙͅ۾̳ͥࣉख़

Social Environment on ICT Literacy Education in Japan based on the Field Studies

ඤ! ࿐! ഓ! ࿟ɖ! ! ີ! ᚧ! ࢼ! ਏɖɖ!

Tetsuya Uchiki Hiroki Tomizawa

㧝㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ

ᢎ⑼ޟᖱႎޠ߇

2003

ᐕᐲࠃࠅᓟᦼਛ╬ᢎ⢒

ߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚߎߣߦ઻޿

1

ޔ

2006

ᐕᐲએ㒠ߢߪ

߶ߣࠎߤߩᄢቇᣂ౉↢߇޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߩࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯

࠲࡝࠹࡜ࠪ࡯ᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᴫߣߥࠅޔ․

ߦࡄ࡯࠰࠽࡞ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲㧔PC㧕ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᠲ

૞ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ⑼⋡⸳⟎એ೨ߣᲧセߒߡޔᛛ⢻

߇ะ਄ߒߚࠃ߁ߦᗵߓࠄࠇࠆ

2

ޕታ㓙ޔ

PC

ߩ⿠

േ߆ࠄࠕࡊ࡝ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠍ૶↪ߒߡࠪࠬ

࠹ࡓࠍ⚳ੌ߹ߢߩၮᧄ⊛ߥ৻ㅪᠲ૞ߣ౒ߦޔ

Web

ࡉ࡜࠙ࠩߦࠃࠆᖱႎᬌ⚝ߣࡔ࡯࡞ߩㅍฃ

ାޔߘߒߡ੹ᣣ৻⥸⊛ߦ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࡢ࡯࠼

ࡊࡠ࠮࠶ࠨޔ⴫⸘▚ޔࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦߥߤ ߩࠝࡈࠖࠬ♽࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߩᠲ૞ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ

․Ბߩ⺑᣿ࠍⷐߖߕߣ߽߶ߣࠎߤߩቇ↢߇೑↪

ߢ߈ࠆ⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ⪺૞ᮭ߿୘ੱᖱႎࠍ Ꮌࠆ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂߽Ⴧߒߡ߅ࠅޔPC ߦ㑐 ߒߡ߽૞ᴺࠍࠊ߈߹߃ߡᘕ㊀ߦᠲ૞ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ ߁ߦ⷗ฃߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄޔᓐࠄฃ⻠↢ߩᄙߊߪ⋧ᄌࠊࠄ

ߕ

PC

ߩ೑↪߿ᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⧰ᚻᗧ⼂

ࠍ⴫᣿ߒߡ߅ࠅޔࠬࡑ࡯࠻ࡈࠜࡦ߿ᄙᯏ⢻ߥ៤ Ꮺ㔚⹤ࠍ㚟૶ߒߡ޿ࠆߦ᜔߽ࠊࠄߕޔቇ߮ߩ㆏

ౕߣߒߡߩ

PC

ߦኻߒߡߪޟⶄ㔀ߢ㔍ߒ޿ኾ㐷

⊛ߥᯏ᪾ޠߣ޿߁ᢝዬߩ㜞޿⷗ᣇ߇᏷ࠍ೑߆ߖ ߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦᄌࠊࠅߪߥ޿ޕታ㓙ޔᢎ⢒⃻႐ߢ ߩᗵ⸅ߣߒߡߪޔPC ࠍᆎ߼ߣߔࠆᖱႎᛛⴚߦ 㑐ߔࠆℂ⸃ᐲ߇ޔᢎ⑼ޟᖱႎޠߩᣉⴕએ೨ࠃࠅ ะ਄ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦߪᗵߓࠄࠇߕޔᯏ᧚ߩ㜞ᐲ ൻ߿࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ߅ࠃ߮ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ

ߩ೑ଢᕈะ਄ߦ⋧෻ߒߡޔ߻ߒࠈૐਅߒߡ޿ࠆ ࠃ߁ߦߐ߃ᗵߓࠄࠇࠆޕߒ߆߽ޔPC ߢߪᘕ㊀ ߦߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗߃ࠆᯏེᠲ૞߿ࠨ࡯ࡆ

ࠬ೑↪ߦ㑐ߒߡ߽ޔฃ⻠↢ߚߜ߇ᣣᏱ೑↪ߒߡ

޿ࠆࠬࡑ࡯࠻ࡈࠜࡦ߿៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߥߤߢߪޔ߻ߒ ࠈෂ㒾ߣߐ߃ᕁ߃ࠆ߶ߤߦ౨㒾⊛޽ࠆ޿ߪ⋤⋡

⊛ߦᣂᯏ⢻ࠍขࠅㄟߺޔᣂࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ೑ଢᕈࠍ ੨ฃߔࠆߣ޿߁⋧෻ߔࠆታᘒ߇၂㑆⷗߃ࠆޕߘ ߩߎߣߪޔᖱႎᛛⴚߩ᥉෸ㅴዷࠍᎼࠆ␠ળ⊛໧

㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ห᭽ߢޔ⪺૞ᮭ߿୘ੱᖱႎࠍᎼࠆ

໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂߇ޔ޽ߊ߹ߢ߽ᢎ⢒ᯏེߣߒ ߡߩ

PC

೑↪ߣ޿߁▸࿐ߢߩℂ⸃ߦ⇐߹ࠅޔᐢ ߊ৻⥸⊛ߥᖱႎ␠ળߢߩᖱႎⴕേߣ⚿߮ߟ޿ߡ ߥ޿ߣߐ߃޿߃ࠆ⁁ᴫߢ߽޽ࠆޕ

੹ᣣߩᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒߇⟎߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߩࠃ߁

߁ߜ߈࡮ߡߟ߿

ၯ₹ᄢቇᢎ㙃ቇㇱᢎ᝼ޔᖱႎࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ␠ળቇ⊛⎇ⓥ

㧖㧖 ߣߺߑࠊ࡮߭ࠈ߈

ၯ₹ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᢥൻ⑼ቇඳ჻ޔጤᚻ⋵┙ᄢቇ࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚ ࠕᖱႎቇㇱኾછ⻠Ꮷ

(2)

ߥ⁁ᴫߪޔ␠ળ⊛ᵴേߦਇนᰳߥ

PC

ࠍᵴ↪ߔ ࠆߚ߼ߩታ〣ജߢ޽ࠆᖱႎᵴ↪⢻ജ

3

߇චಽߦ

㙃ࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆ߽ߩߣ⌮ߺޔ╩

⠪ࠄߪ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥࠍ⛯ߌߡ߈ߚ4

ޕߘߒߡޔᖱႎ ၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߩฃ⻠↢ߦࠃࠆ⾰⇼ߩౝኈߣ᝼ᬺ⹏ଔ ࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐޔᢎቶߢⷰኤߐࠇࠆᓐࠄߩ

⺖㗴ขࠅ⚵ߺᆫ൓߿ᓐࠄ߳ߩ୘೎ࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ⺞

ᩏߥߤߩᢎ⢒ታ〣⃻႐߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇߚ࠺࡯࠲ߩಽ ᨆ⚿ᨐߦၮߠ߈ޔฃ⻠↢߇ኻጺߒߡ޿ࠆᖱႎᛛ

ⴚߦ㑐ߔࠆ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂ࠍ⷗಴ߔߴߊദ߼ߡ߈ߚޕ ߘߩℂ↱ߣߒߡߪޔߎߩᖱႎᛛⴚࠍᎼࠆ␠ળ⊛

ᢥ⣂ߣታ〣⊛ߥᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣߩਇᢛวߎߘ

߇ޔᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ࠍᎼࠆ໧㗴ߩᩮḮߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ ߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߘ߽ߘ߽ᖱႎᵴ↪⢻ജߣߪනߥࠆᖱႎᯏེߩ ᠲ૞ᛛ⢻ߢߪߥߊޔߘߩᠲ૞ࠍ฽߻ᖱႎᵴേߦ ኻߔࠆ␠ળ⊛ߥ⁁ᴫ⹺⼂ࠍ〯߹߃ߡᖱႎᛛⴚࠍ ᵴ↪ߢ߈ࠆታ〣ജߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕߘߒߡޔ ᄢቇߢߩᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߪᢎ⑼ޟᖱႎޠ߆ࠄᆎ߹

ࠆᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߩ✚઀਄ߍߣ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆ߽

ߩߢ޽ࠅޔ઀੐߿⎇ⓥߥߤߩ␠ળ↢ᵴࠍ༡߻਄

ߢਇนᰳߥᖱႎᵴ↪⢻ജࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆ႐ߣߒߡᦨ

߽⋧ᔕߒߊޔ߆ߟߘࠇߎߘ߇૶๮ߢ޽ࠆߣ߽޿

߃ࠆޕ૗᡿ߥࠄޔᖱႎᵴ↪⢻ജߩ⢒ᚑߪޔ૞ᬺ

ߩല₸߿ലᨐࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߩᖱႎᯏེߩᠲ૞ᛛ⢻

ߩⷞὐ߆ࠄขࠅ⚵ߺߛߌߢߥߊޔ࿑㧝ߦ␜ߒߚ ࠃ߁ߥᖱႎᛛⴚࠍᎼࠆޟᢥൻ࡮ⷙ▸ޠޔޟ೙ᐲ࡮

᭴ㅧޠޔޟᗧ⼂࡮ᔃᖱޠߥߤోߡߩⷞὐ߆ࠄߩ੐

㗄ߦ㑐ߒߡࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ߇ขࠇߚᢎ⢒ࠍᣉߔߎߣߦ

ࠃߞߡೋ߼ߡน⢻ߣߥࠆߎߣߣ޿߃ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽

5

ޕߘߒߡߐࠄߦޔߘߩฃ⻠↢ߦߪᄢቇ↢࡟

ࡌ࡞ߩ⍮⼂ߣ␠ળ⹺⼂߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߣ߽ߥ

ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ╩⠪ࠄߪޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥⷰὐߦᓥ

ߞߡޔᢎ⢒ታ〣߆ࠄዉ߈಴ߐࠇߚฃ⻠↢ߩ␠ળ

⊛ᢥ⣂ߦහߒߚᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߒޔ

2009

ᐕᐲࠃࠅၯ₹ᄢቇᢎ㙃ቇㇱࠍᆎ߼ߣߔࠆ ᄢቇߢߩᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߣߒߡᢎ⢒ታ〣ࠍⓍ

ߺ㊀ߨߡ߈ߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߎߩᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪޔฦ⥄ߩᛛ⢻࡟ࡌ࡞ߣ ၮᧄ⊛ߥᠲ૞⍮⼂ࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆߎߣࠍਥ㗴ߣߒߡ ߅ࠅޔᄙߊߩฃ⻠↢߇

PC

ࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆᖱႎᛛ ⴚߦኻߒߡᛴ޿ߡ޿ࠆ〒㔌ᗵ߿ฃり⊛ᆫ൓ࠍᒻ

ᚑߒߡߒ߹߁␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡޔ࿑㧝ߩฦ

⽎㒢ߩࡃ࡜ࡦࠬࠍขࠆߴߊ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߐࠇߚ߽ߩ

ߢ޽ࠆޕቇ⠌⋡ᮡߣߒߡߪޔ

⺖㗴೙૞ࠍㅢߒߡޔ

␠ળ↢ᵴࠍ༡߻਄ߢᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆᦨૐ㒢ߩᛛ⢻

ߣၮ␆⍮⼂ࠍℂ⸃ߒޔ⥄ࠄਥ૕⊛ߦ೑ᵴ↪ߢ߈ ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߎߣߦὶὐࠍวࠊߖߡ޿ࠆޕౕ૕

⊛ߦߪޔ⥄ಽߩᛛ⢻ߣ⍮⼂ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣ ߣ౒ߦޔਇ⿷ࠍ⵬޿ߟߟᛛ⢻ߩታ〣ജࠍ㜞߼ࠄ ࠇࠆࠃ߁ޔၮᧄᠲ૞ᛛ⢻ࠍ⋓ࠅㄟࠎߛⷙቯ⺖㗴 ߣฦ⥄ߩᲑ㓏࡟ࡌ࡞ߦᔕߓߡ⋡ᮡࠍ⸳ቯߢ߈ࠆ

⥄↱⺖㗴ߣߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇߚ᝼ᬺታᣉࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞

ߣߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

ၯ₹ᄢቇᢎ㙃ቇㇱࠍᆎ߼ߣߒߚ㚂ㇺ࿤ߩ޿ߊ

ߟ߆ߩᄢቇ߅ࠃ߮ቇㇱߢޔߎߩ᝼ᬺታᣉࠬࠤࠫ

ࡘ࡯࡞ߦᓥߞߚᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ࠍ⃻࿷߹ߢ⛮

⛯⊛ߦታᣉߒߡ߈ߚ⚿ᨐߣߒߡޔឭ಴ߐࠇߚ⺖

㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩᱜ╵₸߿⺖㗴⋡ᮡߩ㆐ᚑᐲ

6

ߪะ

਄ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥᄖ

ᒻ⊛ߥ⚿ᨐࠍන⚐⸃㉼ߔࠇ߫ޔ╩⠪ࠄ߇࠺ࠩࠗ

ࡦߒߚᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߩᚑᨐߣߒߡ⸃㉼น⢻ߢ޽

ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔታ⠌ਛߩฃ⻠↢ห჻ߩળ⹤߿ᓐࠄ

ᢛᐨ⊛ⅣႺ

⪾⮮⊛ⅣႺ

㨛ല₸࡮ലᨐߩะ਄

㨛૞ᬺᡰេ࡮⵬ഥ 㨤ᛛⴚ࡮ᯏ᧚ߩ᳚Ử 㨤ᒻᑼ࡮ᒻ㜈ൻ

Τ㧚ᛛ⢻࡮⢻ജ Σ㧚ᢥൻ࡮ⷙ▸

Υ㧚೙ᐲ࡮᭴ㅧ Φ㧚ᗧ⼂࡮ା᧦

㨛␠ળၮ⋚ߩᢛ஻

㨛ផㅴ᡽╷߿೙ᐲ 㨤㊂⊛ਛᔃߩ⹏ଔ 㨤ή⹏ଔߩ೑↪ផㅴ

㨛⥄Ꮖ໪⊒ⅣႺ 㨛ਥ૕ᕈߩะ਄

㨤ᛛⴚଐሽ૕⾰

㨤ታ〣ᵴേߩシⷞ 㨛೑ᵴ↪ߩⓍᭂ⊛⹏ଔ 㨛⍮⊛ᵴേߩᷓൻ 㨤೑ᵴ↪ߩ࿶ജ 㨤ᯏ⢻ᕈਛᔃਥ⟵

࿑㧝 ᖱႎᛛⴚࠍᎼࠆ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂ߩᓧᄬ

(3)

߳ߩࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ߆ࠄߪޔᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆߦ߽

߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔฃ⻠↢ߦߪᛛ⢻߇りߦઃ޿ߚߣ޿

߁ታᗵ߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ߇ᅤታߦᗵߓࠄࠇ ࠆߛߌߢߥߊޔၮᧄ⊛ߥᚻ㗅ࠍ⥄ࠄ⠨߃ࠃ߁ߣ

߽ߖߕߦೋ߼߆ࠄ㆏ౕߦଐሽߒߡ⺖㗴ࠍᷣ߹ߖ ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆᗧ⼂߇ᒝߊᗵߓࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ ታ⠌႐㕙ߢߪޔ⺖㗴ߩᜰ␜ࠍ⏕⹺ߒߥ޿߹߹ߦ ขࠅ⚵ࠎߢᖠࠎߢ޿ߚࠅޔ⾗ᢱ߿࠺࡯࠲ࠍᬌ⚝

෼㓸ߖߕߦ⺖㗴ߦ⌕ᚻߒߡⴕ߈⹣߹ߞߡ޿ߚࠅޔ

ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߦ૞ᬺ⋡⊛߿ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍήⷞߒߚⴕ

ὑ߇ᄙޘ⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆ߫߆ࠅ߆ޔ߻ߒࠈߘߩࠃ

߁ߥฃ⻠↢߇Ⴧ߃ߡ޿ࠆߣߐ߃ᗵߓࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫ߇␜ໂߔࠆߎߣߪޔᖱႎᛛⴚ ߦኻߔࠆᄢቇ↢ߩ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂߇ޔනߦᖱႎၮ␆

ᢎ⢒߳ߩ㑐ᔃᐲว޿߿ฃ⻠ߔࠆᆫ൓ߣ޿߁⴫㕙

⊛੐⽎ߛߌߢߥߊޔߐࠄߦᷓߊᶐㅘߒߡฃ⻠↢

ߩᗧ⼂߿⹺⼂ࠍ߽ᒻᚑߒߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߣ

޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕߘࠇߪᄢቇ౉ቇએ೨ߩᢎ⢒ߦ ࠃࠆ⚿ᨐ߇ዉ޿ߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆ߇ޔ ᢎ⑼ޟᖱႎޠ߇ฃ⻠↢ߦᩮᷓ޿ᗧ⼂߿⹺⼂ࠍᬀ

߃ઃߌࠆ⒟ߩන૏ᢙߢߪታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿⃻⁁

߆ࠄ㐓ߺࠆߦޔߘࠇߛߌ߇໧㗴ߩᩮḮߣߪ⠨߃ ߦߊߊޔ߻ߒࠈᖱႎᛛⴚၮ⋚ߩᄌൻߦ઻߁ᖱႎ ၮ␆ᢎ⢒ࠍᎼࠆ␠ળ⊛ߥ⁁ᴫ߇߽ߚࠄߒߚ⚿ᨐ ߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠆߴ߈ߎߣߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ

એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥ⢛᥊ߦၮߠ߈ޔᧄ⺰ᢥߢߪޔᄢ ቇߢߩᢎ⢒ࠍ฽߻ᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ో⥸߇ᛴ߃ࠆ໧

㗴ࠍޔᖱႎᛛⴚၮ⋚ߩᄌൻߦ઻߁␠ળ⊛ߥ⁁ᴫ ߣߩ㑐ଥᕈ߆ࠄᝒ߃ߡ⼏⺰ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒ ߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߕޔೋᐕᐲ↢߇⠌ᓧߒߡ޿ࠆࠦࡦࡇ ࡘ࡯࠲࡝࠹࡜ࠪ࡯ߩታᘒࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߣ౒ߦޔ ߘߩࠃ߁ߥฃ⻠↢ߩ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂ߣߩᢛวᕈߩⷰ

ὐ߆ࠄޔߎࠇ߹ߢ╩⠪ࠄ߇ขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ߈ߚᄢቇ

ߢߩᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߩታᣉ⁁ᴫߣߘߩᚑᨐߦߟ޿

ߡ⠨ኤߔࠆޕౕ૕⊛ߦߪޔ╩⠪ࠄ߇ᜂᒰߔࠆᖱ ႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߢฃ⻠↢߆ࠄឭ಴ߐࠇߚ࡟ࡐ࡯

࠻ߩ⺖㗴㆐ᚑ₸ࠍᄖᒻ⊛ߦ⺞ᩏߔࠆߣ౒ߦޔ․

ᓽ⊛ߥ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߦߟ޿ߡߩౝኈಽᨆ7

ࠍ⹜ߺࠆޕ ߎߩಽᨆ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄዉ߈಴ߐࠇࠆᄢቇߢߩᖱႎၮ

␆ᢎ⢒ߩฃ⻠↢௝ߦၮߠ޿ߡޔᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒⥄

૕ࠍߎߩࠃ߁ߥฃ⻠↢ࠍᎼࠆᖱႎࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣߒ

ߡᝒ߃ޔߘߩ␠ળ⊛⁁ᴫߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߔࠆޕ 㧞㧚␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂ߦහߒߚᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ

৻⥸⊛ߥᄢቇ↢ߩᄙߊߪޔห਎ઍࠍਛᔃߣߒ ߚᄙ᭽ᕈߩਲߒ޿㒢ࠄࠇߚ੤㓙▸࿐ߩਛߢ⢒߹

ࠇޔ␠ળߩਛߢ⥄ಽࠍ૏⟎ߠߌߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ

޿ࠃ߁ߥੱ↢⚻㛎ߦ߽ਲߒ޿ߩ߇ታᖱߢ޽ࠆޕ ߒ߆߽ޔࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߩ᥉෸ߢ㆙ߊ㔌ࠇߚห

⾰ߩੱޘߣኈᤃߦߟߥ߇ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߆

ࠄޔㅒߦㄭ㓞ߩ⇣⾰ߥੱޘߣߩ੤ᵹ߇ଦㅴߐࠇ ߕޔ߹ߔ߹ߔ␠ળ⊛ߥ⁁ᴫ⹺⼂ࠍ㊰ࠄߖߚࠅ஍

ࠄߖߚࠅߔࠆߎߣߣ߽ߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕߘߩߚ߼ޔ

᝼ᬺߢቇࠎߛᖱႎᛛⴚ߇߽ߚࠄߔ␠ળ⊛ߥ⽶ߩ

஥㕙ࠍᔅⷐએ਄ߦᕟࠇߚࠅޔᛛ⢻ࠍᵴ↪ߔࠆߎ

ߣ⥄૕ߦਇ቟ࠍᗵߓߚࠅߒߡ

PC

೑↪߆ࠄ㆙ߑ ߆ߞߡߒ߹߁੐ᘒ߿

8

ޔᖱႎᢎ⢒ߦኻߒߡ⪜❗

ߒߡߒ߹߁௑ะߐ߃⷗ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߘߩ਄ޔᄙ ᯏ⢻ߥ៤Ꮺ㔚⹤߿ࠬࡑ࡯࠻ࡈࠜࡦߣ޿ߞߚ

PC

ࠃࠅりㄭߥ୘ੱᖱႎ┵ᧃࠍᏱߦ៤ⴕߒߡ೑↪ߒ ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔᣣᏱ↢ᵴߢߩᖱႎಣℂ࠾࡯࠭

ߩ߶ߣࠎߤߪߘࠇࠄߢ੐⿷ࠅߡߒ߹߁⁁ᴫߦߥ

ᢛᐨ⊛ⅣႺ

⪾⮮⊛ⅣႺ

㨤ᛛⴚ࡮ᯏ᧚ߩ᳚Ử

㨤ᒻᑼ࡮ᒻ㜈ൻ ᯏ᧚߿ᛛ⢻ߪ޽ࠆ ലᨐല↪߇ઁੱ੐

Τ㧚ᛛ⢻࡮⢻ജ Σ㧚ᢥൻ࡮ⷙ▸

Υ㧚೙ᐲ࡮᭴ㅧ Φ㧚ᗧ⼂࡮ା᧦

㨛ផㅴ᡽╷߿೙ᐲ 㨤㊂⊛ਛᔃߩ⹏ଔ ᢝዬߩ㜞ߐࠍ⹺⼂

៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ߢචಽ

㨤ᛛⴚଐሽ૕⾰

㨤ታ〣ᵴേߩシⷞ ࠽࡞ࠪࠬ࠻⊛⹺⼂

߿ࠄߐࠇᗵ 㨛೑ᵴ↪ߩⓍᭂ⊛⹏ଔ 㨤ᯏ⢻ᕈਛᔃਥ⟵

␠ળ⊛ᔅⷐᕈࠍℂ⸃

ᛛ⢻ߩ․⇣ᕈ߇ㅢ⺑

࿑㧞 ᢎ⢒ታ〣߆ࠄ⹺⼂ߐࠇߚฃ⻠↢ߩ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂

(4)

ߞߡ޿ࠆߛߌߢߥߊޔᢎ⢒႐㕙ߢߩPC

೑↪ߪ

⋡ᣂߒߐߦᰳߌࠆၷ⧰ߒߊᒻᑼ⊛ߥ⺖㗴ታ⠌ߣ ฃߌขࠄࠇߡߒ߹߁ࠃ߁ߢ߽޽ࠆ

9

ޕ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߥታ〣⊛ߥ⍮⷗ߦၮߠ߈ޔ╩⠪ࠄߪ ᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ࠍฃ⻠ߔࠆ੹ᣣߩᄢቇ↢߇⟎߆ࠇ ߡ޿ࠆ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂ࠍ࿑㧞ߩࠃ߁ߦᝒ߃ߡޔᢎ⑼ ޟᖱႎޠߦࠃࠆᢎ⢒ലᨐߣߒߡᗵߓࠄࠇࠆޟᛛ ⴚ࡮⢻ജޠ㕙ࠍ↢߆ߒޔㅒߦᓐࠄࠍ⪜❗ߐߖߡ

޿ࠆߣᗵߓࠄࠇࠆᖱႎᛛⴚࠍᎼࠆ␠ળ೙ᐲ߿࠻

࡜ࡉ࡞ޔ‽⟋ߥߤߩਇ቟㕙ࠍᷫߕࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ ࠆ⺖㗴೙૞ⅣႺࠍᢛ߃ޔࠬࡑ࡯࠻ࡈࠜࡦ߿៤Ꮺ 㔚⹤ߦᲧߴߡ㆙޿ሽ࿷ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ

PC

ࠍりㄭ

ߦ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁⴫㧝ߩࠃ߁ߥ૞ຠ೙૞ࠍ ਛᔃߣߒߚ⢒ᚑࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߒߚޕ ߐࠄߦޔ⺖㗴૞ຠࠍฃ⻠↢ߩ㑆ߢ౏㐿ߒޔਥⷰ

⊛ዤᐲ߆ࠄߘߩ಴᧪ᤋ߃ࠍ⋧੕ߦ⹏ଔߒว߁ߎ ߣߢޔ⥄ಽߩࠕࠢ࠹ࠖࡆ࠹ࠖߣ๟࿐ߩ෻ᔕࠍឞ ߺߟߟታ〣ജࠍ㜞߼ࠆߎߣࠍ⁓ߞߚౝኈ߽⚵ߺ

౉ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡታ〣ജࠍၭ޿ߟߟޔ

ᦨ⚳⊛ߦߪ⺰ᢥߩࠃ߁ߥ⍮⊛↢↥ᵴേߦᔅⷐߥ

⍮⼂߿ᛛ⢻ߩ₪ᓧ߳ߣዉߌࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣߒ ߡᦼᓙࠍㄟ߼ߡ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߒߚࠊߌߢ޽ࠆޕ

╩⠪ࠄߪޔߎߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦᓥߞߚᖱႎၮ

␆ᢎ⢒ߩ᝼ᬺߣߒߡ⴫㧞ߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߥඨᦼ㑆

⴫㧝 ೙૞૞ຠߩ⴫⃻ജߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߣ࡟ࡌ࡞Ფߦᔅⷐߥᖱႎᵴ↪⢻ജ

⴫㧞 ᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߩ᝼ᬺታᣉࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞

⺖㗴ᣣ ឭ಴ᣣ ⻠⟵ౝኈ ಴Ꮸ䋨⏕⹺䋩⺖㗴 ⺖㗴 ⻠⟵ᤨ㈩Ꮣ

╙㩷㪈㩷࿁ ⺖㗴䋱 䉧䉟䉻䊮䉴 㔚ሶឝ␜᧼ᛩⓂ ⥄Ꮖ⚫੺ 㪥㫆㪅㪈㩷䊒䊥䊮䊃

╙㩷㪉㩷࿁ ⺖㗴䋲 ⺖㗴䋱 ⻠⟵䊶಴Ꮸ⺖㗴⸃⺑ ⴫⃻䊜䊂䉞䉝䈫

ฃ䈔ข䉌䉏ᣇ ⥄Ꮖ⚫੺ᢥ䈎䉌䈱

ฃ⻠↢䈱․ᓽ᛽಴ 㪥㫆㪅㪉㩷䊒䊥䊮䊃

╙㩷㪊㩷࿁ ⺖㗴䋳䊶䋴 ⺖㗴䋲 ⻠⟵䊶಴Ꮸ⺖㗴⸃⺑ ᢥᦠ଀䈱ⶄ⵾ 䊙䊆䊠䉝䊦૞ᚑ

⥄Ꮖ㪧㪩䊘䉴䉺䊷೙૞ 㪥㫆㪅㪊㩷䊒䊥䊮䊃

╙㩷㪋㩷࿁ ⺖㗴䋵 ⺖㗴䋳 ⻠⟵䊶಴Ꮸ⺖㗴⸃⺑ ૞⴫䋬䉫䊤䊐 ⛔⸘⴫䈎䉌䈱૞⴫䈫䉫䊤䊐 㪥㫆㪅㪋㩷䊒䊥䊮䊃

╙㩷㪌㩷࿁ ⺖㗴䋴 ⵬⠌

╙㩷㪍㩷࿁ ⺖㗴䋶䊶䋷 ⺖㗴䋵 ⻠⟵䊶಴Ꮸ⺖㗴⸃⺑ 㫀㪽䌾㫋㪿㪼㫅䈫

㪜㫏㪺㪼㫃㑐ᢙ 䊘䉴䉺䊷䈱⹏ଔᛩ␿

䊂䊷䉺䈱䊤䊮䉨䊮䉫䈫㗫ᐲ⴫ 㪥㫆㪅㪌㩷䊒䊥䊮䊃

╙㩷㪎㩷࿁ ⺖㗴䋶 ⵬⠌

╙㩷㪏㩷࿁ ⺖㗴䋸䊶䋹 ⺖㗴䋷 ⻠⟵䊶಴Ꮸ⺖㗴⸃⺑ 䊋䉟䉥䊥䉵䊛

䉫䊤䊐 ડᬺᬺ❣Ყセ

䉫䊤䊐䈮䉋䉎䊂䉱䉟䊮 㪥㫆㪅㪍㩷䊒䊥䊮䊃

╙㩷㪐㩷࿁ ⺖㗴䋸 ⵬⠌

╙㩷㪈㪇㩷࿁ ⺖㗴㪈㪇䊶㪈㪈 ⺖㗴䋹 ⻠⟵䊶಴Ꮸ⺖㗴⸃⺑ ⥄ಽผ䉴䊤䉟䊄 䉫䊤䊐䊂䉱䉟䊮䈱⹏ଔᛩ␿

䉝䊆䊜䉴䊤䉟䊄䈱೙૞ 㪥㫆㪅㪎㩷䊒䊥䊮䊃

╙㩷㪈㪈㩷࿁ ⺖㗴㪈㪇 ⵬⠌

╙㩷㪈㪉㩷࿁ ⺖㗴㪈㪉䍃㪈㪊 ⺖㗴㪈㪈 ⻠⟵䊶಴Ꮸ⺖㗴⸃⺑ 䊤䊮䉻䊛䉡䉤䊷䉪

䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮 䉝䊆䊜䉴䊤䉟䊄䈱⹏ଔᛩ␿

ኅ⸘䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮 㪥㫆㪅㪏㩷䊒䊥䊮䊃

╙㩷㪈㪊㩷࿁ ⺖㗴㪈㪉 ⵬⠌

╙㩷㪈㪋㩷࿁ ⺖㗴㪈㪋 ⺖㗴㪈㪊 ⻠⟵䊶಴Ꮸ⺖㗴⸃⺑ 䊋䉟䉥䊥䉵䊛

⸻ᢿ⴫

ᦨ⚳⺖㗴䋨ᛯ৻䋩 㸇䋮ኻ⹤ဳ䉴䊤䉟䊄೙૞

㸈䋮ᢙ୯䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮 㸉䋮䈖䈣䉒䉍䈱૞ຠ೙૞

㪥㫆㪅㪐㩷䊒䊥䊮䊃

╙㩷㪈㪌㩷࿁ ⺖㗴㪈㪋 ⵬⠌

(5)

ߢߩ᝼ᬺታᣉࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞ࠍ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߒޔ

2009

ᐕᐲࠃࠅ੹ᣣ߹ߢߩ⚂㧡ᐕ㑆⛮⛯⊛ߦታ〣ࠍ⛯

ߌߡ߈ߚ

10

ޕߘߩታ〣ߦ߅޿ߡޔࡢ࡯ࡊࡠ࠰ࡈ

࠻࠙ࠚࠕߦࠃࠆ⥄Ꮖ

PRࡐࠬ࠲࡯ߩ೙૞߿ޔࡊ

࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕࠍ↪޿ߚ⥄ಽผ

߿ࠕ࠾ࡔ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ೙૞ߢߪޔ੹ᣣᄢ߈ߥ໧㗴 ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆઁ⠪ߩᚑᨐߩⶄ⵾߿ήᢿ⋑↪ߣ޿

ߞߚᖱႎᛛⴚߩ⺋↪ߦࠃࠆᚻᛮ߈૞ຠߪ⷗ฃߌ

ࠄࠇߕ

11

ޔ߻ߒࠈฃ⻠↢߇⥄⊒⊛ߦ⺖㗴೙૞ߦ ขࠅ⚵߻ᆫ൓߇ᢔ⷗ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ᭎ߨᦼᓙㅢࠅ ߩᚑᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߒ߆߽ߎࠇࠄߩ⺖㗴ߢ ߪޔ╩⠪ࠄᢎ⢒ᜂᒰ⠪߽⋡ࠍ⷗ᒛࠆࠃ߁ߥᢾᣂ ߥ࠺ࠩࠗࡦ߿ࠕࠗ࠺ࠖࠕޔߐࠄߦߪᄙ᭽ߥᣂᯏ

⢻ࠍ㚟૶ߒಝߞߚ૞ຠ߽ᄙᢙឭ಴ߐࠇ⛯ߌߡ޿

ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ᝼ᬺ⹏ଔߦ߅޿ߡ߽

PC

߇ᄙዋߥࠅ ߣ߽りㄭߥሽ࿷ߦߥࠅᓧߚߎߣࠍᗵߓߐߖࠆ೨ ะ߈ߥ⹏ଔ߽એ೨ࠃࠅᄙߊነߖࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

ᢙℂ⊛ߦᱜߒ޿⸘▚ᑼࠍ౉ജߒߡᗧ๧ߩ޽ࠆ ᢙ⴫߿ࠣ࡜ࡈࠍ૞ᚑߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿⴫⸘▚

ߩ⺖㗴ߢ߽ޔឭ಴ߐࠇߚ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ࠍ⷗ࠆ㒢 ࠅߦ߅޿ߡߪޔ⺖㗴⋡ᮡ߇㆐ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ޔ

޽ࠆ޿ߪᧂቢᚑߩ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻߽ᷫዋ௑ะߦ޽ࠅޔ

ᱜ╵₸߇ะ਄ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆޕߒ

߆ߒߥ߇ࠄޔ⴫⸘▚ߩ⺖㗴ߢߪޔห৻ߩ⴫ࠍ૞

ᚑߒߚ႐วߦ⸃╵ߣߥࠆᢙᑼ߇৻ᗧߦ᳿߹ߞߡ

ߒ߹߁ߎߣ߆ࠄޔߘߩ⺖㗴ࠍℂ⸃ߒߡ⥄ࠄᑼࠍ

⠨߃ߚ߽ߩ߆ޔනߦᠲ૞ᣇᴺࠍⷡ߃ߡᯏ᪾⊛ߦ ᑼࠍၒ߼ㄟࠎߛࠅޔઁ⠪߆ࠄᓧߚ⸃╵ࠍ౮ߒߚ

ࠅߒߚ߽ߩ߆ࠍ್೎ߔࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆޕߘ ߩߚ߼ޔනߦᱜ╵₸ࠍ⷗ࠆࠃ߁ߥᄖᒻ⊛ߥ⹏ଔ

߿⺞ᩏߩߺ߆ࠄߪታᘒࠍᱜߒߊᛠីߢ߈ߥ޿ᕟ ࠇ߇޽ࠆޕታ㓙ޔᢙ୯Ṷ▚߇ਛᔃߩ⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ

࠻࠙ࠚࠕߩ⺖㗴ߢߪ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻೙૞ߢㆃࠇࠍขࠆ ฃ⻠↢߇⋡┙ߜޔන૏߇ขࠇߥ޿ฃ⻠↢ߩᄢㇱ

ಽ߇ߎࠇࠄߩ⺖㗴߇ᧂឭ಴ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߦ⿠࿃ߒ

ߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᴫ߽⛯޿ߡ߅ࠅޔฃ⻠↢ߩᄙߊ߇⧰ᚻ ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍુࠊߖߡ޿ࠆޕ

ߒ߆߽⺖㗴ታ⠌ߩ⃻႐ߢߪޔ⴫⸘▚ߩ␹㜑ߢ

޽ࠆ⸘▚ᑼߩ⸥ㅀߦߟ޿ߡޔන⚐ߥ྾ೣṶ▚ߩ

⸥ㅀߢߐ߃ޔᄙߊߩฃ⻠↢߇ᚭᖺ޿ࠍᗵߓޔᖠ

ࠎߢ޿ࠆᆫࠍᢔ⷗ߔࠆޕߘߩ৻ᣇߢޔන⚐ߥᑼ ߦᗧ๧߽ߥߊ㑐ᢙࠍ↪޿ߚࠅޔⶄ㔀ߥ㑐ᢙߢ⸥

ㅀߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡᖠࠎߢ޿ߚࠅߔࠆฃ⻠↢߽⷗ฃ

ߌࠄࠇࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫ߇␜ໂߔࠆߎߣߪޔ ᄙߊߩฃ⻠↢߇⠌ᓧߒߡ޿ࠆࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡝࠹

࡜ࠪ࡯߇ޔනߦ↹㕙ࠍ⚕㕙ߣߒߡࠠ࡯ࡏ࡯࠼߿

ࡑ࠙ࠬߢᦠ㕙ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߣ޿߁᭎ᔨߩ▸⇵ߦ޽

ࠅޔ೑↪⠪߇ਥ૕⊛ߦࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߦಣℂߐߖ ࠆ઀੐ࠍ⠨߃ޔታⴕߐߖࠆၞ߹ߢߦ೔㆐ߢ߈ߡ ߥ޿น⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ

એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥᢎ⢒⃻႐ߢߩ⁁ᴫ߇␜ໂߔࠆߎ ߣߪޔߎߩ㧡ᐕ㑆ࠍㅢߒߡᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߩౝኈ ߣߒߡߩ

PC

೑↪႐㕙ߣฃ⻠↢ߣߩ〒㔌ߪ᳿ߒ ߡㄭߊߥߞߡ޿ߥ޿߫߆ࠅ߆ޔ߻ߒࠈએ೨ࠃࠅ

߽㆙ㅌ޿ߡߐ߃޿ࠆߣ޿߁੐ᘒߩᄌൻߢ޽ࠆޕ ߒ߆߽ޔᢙᄙߊߩᣂߒ޿ᯏ⢻߿ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߇ᕆㅦ ߦዷ㐿ߐࠇߟߟ޽ࠆ␠ળⅣႺࠍ㐓ߺࠇ߫ޔฃ⻠

↢ߩᖱႎᛛⴚࠍᎼࠆ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂ߪએ೨ߦ߽Ⴧߒ ߡ㗎ߥߥ᭽⋧ࠍ๒ߔࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ߎߣߪኈᤃߦᗐ

௝ߢ߈ࠆޕߘߩᗧ๧ߢߪޔฃ⻠↢ߩ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂

ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡᓐࠄߦ᳇ߠ߈ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣߢᖱႎᢎ

⢒ߩᧄ⾰⊛ℂ⸃߳ߣᯅᷰߒߔࠆല↪߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ ࠃ߁ߦᝒ߃ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ╩⠪ࠄߩᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ ߢ߽ޔߎࠇࠄߩฃ⻠↢ߦߣߞߡߪ৻ㆊᕈߩ⚻㛎

⍮ߦㆊ߉ߕޔ߻ߒࠈ᳇ߠ߈ߦ߽ߥࠄߕߦ⋥ߋᔓ

ළߐࠇߡᢎ⢒ലᨐߐ߃ߥ޿ߎߣ߇ෂᗋߐࠇࠆߩ

ߢ޽ࠆޕታ㓙ޔ

2008

ᐕᒰᤨߦⷰኤߐࠇߚ੐⽎߇ એ೨ࠃࠅ߽ᄙߊ⷗ࠄࠇࠆߛߌߢߥߊޔᧄ⾰⊛ߢ ߥ޿ੜᧃߥ੐ᨩࠍ୘೎ߦ

TA

߿ᢎຬߦㅙ৻⾰໧

ߒߥ߇ࠄޔ⭯᳖ࠍ〯߻ࠃ߁ߦ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ࠍ೙

૞ߒߡ޿ࠆฃ⻠↢ߐ߃ᢔ⷗ߐࠇࠆᆎᧃߢ޽ࠆޕ ߘߎߢޔ੹ᣣߩᄢቇ↢߇ኻጺߒߡ޿ࠆᖱႎᛛ ⴚࠍᎼࠆ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂ߦࠃࠅᒻ૞ࠄࠇࠆᖱႎၮ␆

ᢎ⢒ߩฃ⻠↢௝ࠍតࠆߚ߼ޔᄢቇߢߩᖱႎၮ␆

(6)

ᢎ⢒ߢᦨೋߦ⺖ߐࠇࠆ⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߦࠃ ࠆ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩ⋡ᮡ㆐ᚑᐲว޿ࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆޕ

⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߪޔPC ࠍ⥄ಽߢᠲ૞ߒߡ

޿ࠆᗧ⼂ࠍ㜞߼ޔ⺖㗴⚳ੌᤨߩ㆐ᚑᗵ߽ᓧࠄࠇ ࠆ߽ߩߩޔᢝዬ߽㜞ߊޔ⺖㗴ᧂੌᤨߦߪᝂ᛬ᗵ

߽ᒝߊᗵߓࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼ޔߘߩ⺖㗴ߩ

㆐ᚑᐲว޿߇PC

ߣ೑↪⠪ߣߩ〒㔌ࠍ⍮ࠆࡃࡠ ࡔ࡯࠲ߦߥࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕߒ߆߽ޔ ᄢቇߢᦨೋߦ⺖ߐࠇࠆ⺖㗴ߩ಴᧪ౕวߪޔᄢቇ

౉ቇએ೨ߦฃ⻠↢߇⢒ࠎߢ߈ߚᖱႎಣℂߦ߹ߟ ࠊࠆ⍮⼂߿ᛛ⢻ߩ⁁ᴫࠍ⍮ࠆᚻ┙ߡߣ߽ߥࠆߣ

⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ

㧟㧚ታᘒ⺞ᩏߦၮߠ޿ߚ ᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߩฃ⻠↢௝

⴫㧞ߦ␜ߒߚᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩ᝼ᬺታᣉࠬ

ࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞ߢߪޔ╙㧠࿁ߩ⻠⟵ౝኈߣߒߡ⴫⸘

▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕࠍขࠅ਄ߍߡ߅ࠅޔ⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ

࠻࠙ࠚࠕࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ಴Ꮸ⏕⹺⺖㗴ߣታ⠌↪⺖㗴 ߣ߇⺖ߐࠇࠆޕߎߩታ⠌↪⺖㗴ߪޔ಴Ꮸ⏕⹺⺖

㗴ࠍ⊒ዷߐߖߚౝኈߢ޽ࠅޔታ⠌૞ᬺߣߒߡ߽

಴Ꮸ⺖㗴ࠍਅᢝ߈ߦߒߡ૞ᬺࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߔౝኈߣ

ߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕߘߩߚ߼ޔ⴫㧞ߩࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞ߢ ߪޔᄢቇ౉ቇએ᧪ޔᦨೋߦ⺖ߐࠇࠆ⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ

࠻࠙ࠚࠕߩ⺖㗴ߣߒߡߪ಴Ꮸ⏕⹺⺖㗴߇⹥ᒰߔ ࠆߎߣߣߥࠆޕߘߎߢޔߎߩޟ╙㧠࿁಴Ꮸ⏕⹺ޠ

⺖㗴ࠍ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ߣߒߡขࠅ਄ߍޔ⴫㧞ߩࠬࠤࠫ

ࡘ࡯࡞ߢ᝼ᬺ߇ታᣉߐࠇߡ߈ߚ

2008

ᐕᐲ߆ࠄ

2012

ᐕᐲߩ㧡ᐕ㑆ߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻

ߩౝኈࠍ⹦⚦ߦಽᨆߔࠆ

12

ޕ߹ߚޔ╩⠪ࠄ߇ᜂ

ᒰߒޔၯ₹ᄢቇᢎ㙃ቇㇱߣห᭽ߥࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞

ߢᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ࠍታᣉߒߡ߈ߚ᧲੩ㇺౝߩ⑳┙

A

ᄢቇᢥ♽ቇㇱ

13

ߢߩ

2008

ᐕᐲ߆ࠄ㧡ᐕ㑆ಽ ߩ಴Ꮸ⏕⹺⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ޔᲧセኻ⽎

ߣߒߡޔห᭽ߦಽᨆߔࠆޕ 㧟㧚㧝 ⺞ᩏ᭎ⷐ

㩷 એਅ䈱ᜰ␜䈮ᓥ䈦䈩䋬⴫䈫䉫䊤䊐䉕૞ᚑ䈚䈩ਅ䈘䈇䋮䈪䈐䈅䈏䈦䈢䉲䊷䊃䈲䊐䉜䉟䊦䈮଻ሽ䈚䋬䈠䈱䊐䉜䉟䊦䉕᝼ᬺ⺖㗴ឭ಴↪䉰䊷䊋䈱䉝䉾 䊒䊨䊷䊄ᯏ⢻䉕೑↪䈚䈩ឭ಴䈚䈩ਅ䈘䈇䋮㩷

⴫ 㪈㩷 ቇᩞ඙ಽᲤ䈱ቇᩞᢙ䈫࿷ቇ⠪ᢙ䋬ᢎຬᢙ䋨ᐔᚑ䋹ᐕ䋵᦬䋱ᣣ⃻࿷䋺ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⛔⸘ⷐⷩ䉋䉍

࿷ቇ⠪ᢙ㩷 ᢎຬᢙ㩷

ᧄോ⠪㩷

ᢎຬ৻ੱ䈅䈢䉍㩷 䈱ቇ↢ᢙ㩷

඙ಽ㩷 ቇᩞᢙ㩷

↵㩷 ᅚ㩷 ว⸘㩷

↵㩷 ᅚ㩷 ว⸘㩷 ౗ോ⠪ ว⸘㩷

ᧄോ⠪ᢙ㩷 ᢎຬ✚ᢙ㩷

ᐜ⒩࿦㩷

㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷

ዊቇᩞ㩷

㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷

ਛቇᩞ㩷

㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷

㜞╬ቇᩞ㩷

㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷

⍴ᦼᄢቇ㩷

㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷

ᄢቇ㩷

㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷

ว⸘㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷

㽲㩷 ⴫ 㪈 䈫䈠䈦䈒䉍䈱⴫䉕 㪜㫏㪺㪼㫃 䈱䊪䊷䉪䉲䊷䊃਄䈪૞ᚑ䈚䈩ਅ䈘䈇䋮㩷 㩷 㽳㩷 ⴫ 㪈 䈪ⓨ⊕䈫䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇸ว⸘䇹ᰣ䈫䇸ዊ⸘䇹ᰣ䉕ో䈩⸘▚䈚䈩ၒ䉄䈩ਅ䈘䈇䋮㩷

ᮮᣇะ䈱ว⸘䋺䇸࿷ቇ⠪ᢙ䇹䈱↵ᅚ䋬䇸ᢎຬᢙ䋭ᧄോ⠪䇹䈱↵ᅚ䋬䇸౗ോ⠪䇹䉕฽䉃ోᢎຬᢙ䈱඙ಽᲤ䈱ว⸘㩷

❑ᣇะ䈱ว⸘䋺䇸ቇᩞᢙ䇹䌾䇸ᢎຬᢙ䋭ว⸘䇹䈱ฦ೉䈱ว⸘㩷

㽴㩷 ቇᩞ඙ಽᲤ䈮䇸ᢎຬ 㪈 ੱᒰ䉍䈱ቇ↢ᢙ䇹䉕⸘▚䈚䈩ਅ䈘䈇䋮䈠䈱㓙䋬ᢎຬᢙ䈫䈚䈩䈲ᧄോ⠪䈣䈔䈱ว⸘䈫䋬౗ോ⠪䉕ว䉒䈞䈢ᢎຬ✚ᢙ䈫 䉕䈠䉏䈡䉏↪䈇䈩䋬೎䇱䈮⸘▚䈚䈩ਅ䈘䈇䋮㩷

㽵㩷 㽴䉁䈪૞ᬺ䈚䈩䈪䈐䈅䈏䈦䈢⴫䈪䋬㑐ᔃ䈱䈅䉎㗄⋡䈮䈧䈇䈩䋬ㆡᒰ䈫ᕁ䉒䉏䉎䉫䊤䊐䉕⴫䋱䈫ห䈛䊪䊷䉪䉲䊷䊃਄䈮 㪈 䈧૞ᚑ䈚䈩ਅ䈘䈇䋮㩷 㽶㩷 㽵䈪૞ᚑ䈚䈢䉫䊤䊐䈎䉌⺒䉂ข䉏䉎੐ታ䉕 㪉 ὐએ਄⷗಴䈚䈩䋬ห䈛䊪䊷䉪䉲䊷䊃਄䈱ㆡᒰ䈭႐ᚲ䈮◲ẖ䈮⸥䈚䈩ਅ䈘䈇䋮䉁䈢䋬䈠䉏䉌䈱੐

ታ䈮ၮ䈨䈇䈢⠨ኤ䉕䋬䈠䉏䉌䈱ਅ䈱ㆡᒰ䈭႐ᚲ䈮⸥䈚䈩ਅ䈘䈇䋮㩷

㽷㩷 䈪䈐䈅䈏䈦䈢䊪䊷䉪䉲䊷䊃䉕଻ሽ䈚䈢䊐䉜䉟䊦䉕䋬⺖㗴ឭ಴↪䉰䊷䊋䈱ឭ಴႐ᚲ䈮ឭ಴ᦼ㒢䉁䈪䈮䇸䉝䉾䊒䊨䊷䊄䇹ᯏ⢻䉕↪䈇䈩ឭ಴䈚䈩 ਅ䈘䈇䋮㩷

࿑㧟 ಴Ꮸ⏕⹺⺖㗴ޟ૞⴫ߣࠣ࡜ࡈߩ૞ᚑޠ

(7)

╩⠪ࠄ߇ᜂᒰߔࠆၯ₹ᄢቇᢎ㙃ቇㇱߦ߅ߌࠆ

ᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߢ޽ࠆޟᖱႎၮ␆ޠߪޔ⻠⟵

ቶߢߩ⻠⟵ߣPCቶߢߩታ⠌ߣߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߦ

ࠃࠆㅳ㧞ࠦࡑߢඨᦼ㧞න૏ߩᔅୃ⑼⋡ߢ޽ࠆ

14

ޕ

৻⥸ߩ⻠⟵ቶߢߩ⻠⟵ߩㅴ߼ᣇߣߒߡߪޔ

Ფ࿁ޔ

⻠⟵㐿ᆎ೨ߦޟࡢ࡯ࠢࠪ࡯࠻ޠߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ಴Ꮸ ߅ࠃ߮නర⚳ੌߩ⏕⹺⺖㗴߇ឝタߐࠇߚ⾗ᢱࡊ

࡝ࡦ࠻ࠍ㈩Ꮣߒޔၮ␆⍮⼂ࠍᢎ᝼ߔࠆߎߣࠍਛ

ᔃߦޔ⺖㗴೙૞਄ߩᵈᗧὐ߿ၮᧄᠲ૞ߦߟ޿ߡ

⸃⺑ߒߡ޿ࠆ

15

ޕ⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⸃⺑ߪޔ೙૞

ᣇᴺߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࠍવ߃ࠆߚ߼ߦ޽ߊ߹ߢ߽ၮᧄ

⊛ᠲ૞ᣇᴺߣᵈᗧߔߴ߈ᠲ૞ߩ଀␜ߛߌߦ⇐߼

ߡ߅ࠅޔోߡߩᠲ૞ᣇᴺࠍ଀␜ߒߡߪ޿ߥ޿ޕ

ᜂᒰߩTA

߽⺖㗴೙૞ߩ⁓޿ࠍℂ⸃ߒޔታ⠌ᤨ

㑆ߢ߽⸃╵ߦ⋥ធ❬߇ࠆࠃ߁ߥᠲ૞ᣇᴺߪ␜ߐ ߕޔฃ⻠↢ฦ⥄߇⠨߃ࠆࠃ߁ଦߒޔࡅࡦ࠻ࠍឭ

␜ߔࠆߦ⇐߼ߡ޿ࠆ16

ޕߥ߅ޔᲧセኻ⽎ߩ

A

ᄢ ቇߢߩ᝼ᬺߦߪ

TA

߇ዬࠄߕޔ⻠⟵એᄖߩ․೎

ߥታ⠌ᤨ㑆߽⸳ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ޕߘߩߚ߼ޔ

PC ቶߢߩ⾰⇼ᔕ╵ߣߥࠆ⴫㧞ߦ␜ߐࠇߚ⵬⠌࿁ࠍ 㒰޿ߡߪޔᄢቇߩ㐿᡼PCቶ߅ࠃ߮⥄ಽߩ PC

ࠍ೑↪ߒߡฦ⥄ߢታ⠌ߔࠆߎߣߣߥࠆޕ

⺞ᩏኻ⽎ߪ࿑㧟ߦ␜ߒߚౝኈߩ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻

ߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩ⺖㗴ࠍ಴㗴ߔࠆ⻠⟵ߢߪޔᢎථ

PC

਄ߩ⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߩ↹㕙ࠍࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠲

ߢᛩᓇߒߡᢎ␜ߔࠆ߇ޔߘߩ㓙ߦ੍߼࠺࡯࠲ࠍ

౉ജߒߚࡢ࡯ࠢࠪ࡯࠻ࠍ↪ᗧߒߡឭ␜ߔࠆߩߢ ߪߥߊޔฃ⻠↢߇ߔࠆߴ߈૞ᬺࠍߢ߈ࠆߛߌ⋡

ߩ೨ߢᚻ౉ജߒߡ⷗ߖࠆߚ߼

17

ޔએਅߩᚻ㗅ߢ

଀␜ߒߥ߇ࠄ⺖㗴ߩታᣉᣇᴺࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆޕ ଀ߣߒߡޔ࿑ ߩࠃ߁ߦ 'ZEGN ߩࡢ࡯

ࠢࠪ࡯࠻ߦ࠺࡯࠲ࠍᚻ౉ജߒߡ⷗ߖࠆޕ

࿷ቇ⠪ᢙߩว⸘ߣߒߡޔᐜ⒩࿦ߪ

%&ޔዊቇᩞߪ%&ߩࠃ߁ߦࡑ࠙ࠬ

ߣࠠ࡯ࡏ࡯࠼ࠍ૶ߞߡ਄߆ࠄ㗅⇟ߦᄢቇ ߩ߽ߩ߹ߢᑼࠍ౉ജߒߡ⷗ߖࠆޕ ቇᩞᢙߩว⸘ࠍᢓ߃ߡ 57/ 㑐ᢙࠍ↪޿

ߕߦ$$$$$$ߣ౉ജߒߡ⷗

ߖࠆޕᰴߦޔߎߩᑼࠍⶄ౮ߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔ ห᭽ߩ౉ജᠲ૞ߢ࿷ቇ⠪ᢙߩ↵ᅚ߹ߢ౉

ജߒߡ⷗ߖࠆޕ

ᐜ⒩࿦ߩᧄോ⠪ᢎຬᢙߢ޽ࠆ↵ᅚᧄോ

⠪ߩว⸘ߣߒߡ()ࠍ౉ജߒޔ౗ോ⠪

ࠍวࠊߖߚ✚ᢎຬᢙߢ޽ࠆᢎຬᢙߩว⸘

ߣߒߡ*+ࠍ౉ജߒߡ⷗ߖࠆޕ ᢎຬ৻ੱ޽ߚࠅߩቇ↢ᢙߣߒߡޔᧄോ

⠪ᢎຬᢙߛߌߢ⷗ߚቇ↢ᢙࠍ'*ޔᢎ

ຬ✚ᢙߢ⷗ߚቇ↢ᢙࠍ',ߣߘࠇߙ ࠇ౉ജߒߡ⷗ߖࠆޕ

ߎߩ⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߦ㑐ߔࠆᦨೋߩ⺖㗴 ߪޔ⺖㗴ᢥਛߦ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㔇ᒻߦහߒߚ⴫ࠍ

૞ᚑߒޔⓨᰣߦ྾ೣṶ▚ߩᑼࠍ౉ജߒߡ⴫ࠍቢ

ᚑߐߖࠆߣ޿߁ౝኈߢ޽ࠆޕߘߒߡ਄ㅀߒߚࠃ

߁ߦޔ⺖㗴ታ⠌ߦవ┙ߟᢎቶߢߩ⻠⟵

18

ߢߪޔ

⴫⸘▚ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᯏ⢻ߣᠲ૞ᣇᴺࠍ⺑᣿ߒޔṶ

▚ಣℂߦߟ޿ߡߪ྾ೣṶ▚ᑼߩ⸥ㅀߣ౉ജߦ㑐 ߔࠆᣇᴺߩߺߩ⸃⺑ߦ⇐߼ޔߢ߈ࠆߛߌ࠺࡯࠲

߇⸥ߐࠇߚ࠮࡞ࠍ೑↪ߒߚᑼࠍ⸥ㅀߔߴ߈ᣦࠍ

ᜰዉߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ߹ߚޔᑼߩⶄ౮ߦߟ޿

5VGR

5VGR

5VGR

5VGR 5VGR

4 ታ⠌ߢߩ౉ജ૞ᬺߩᜰ␜଀

(8)

ߡ߽ᢓ߃ߡ⸅ࠇߕޔฦ࠮࡞ߦ৻ߟߕߟ࿾㆏ߦᑼ ࠍ⸥౉ߔࠆᒻߢ߿ࠅᣇࠍ଀␜ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ࠮࡞⚿

วᠲ૞ߥߤߩ⴫␜㑐ㅪ⸳ቯࠍ㒰ߌ߫ޔᄢቇ↢࡟

ࡌ࡞ߢߪ໧㗴ήߊታᣉߢ߈ࠆౝኈߩ⺖㗴ߣ޿߃

ࠆޕߥ߅ޔ㓸⸘㑐ᢙߩሽ࿷߿ࡔ࠾ࡘ࡯࡝ࡏࡦߦ

޽ࠆ㓸⸘ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ᯏ⢻ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔᢓ߃ߡ⸅ࠇ ߡ޿ߥ޿ޕߘߩℂ↱ߪޔ⸘▚ߩᦨ߽ၮ␆ߣߥࠆ

྾ೣṶ▚ࠍᱜߒߊ⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ਄ߢታⴕ

ߢ߈ࠆࠬࠠ࡞ࠍりߦ⌕ߌߐߖࠆߎߣߣޔⶄᢙߩ ᣇᴺࠍឭ␜ߔࠆߎߣߢㅒߦવ᝼ߐࠇࠆ⍮⼂ߩᷙ

ੂࠍ᜗ߊߎߣࠍㆱߌࠆߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ19

ޕ߽ߜࠈࠎ ߎߩ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߣߒߡߪޔ⻠⟵ߢߪᢎ␜ߒߡ

޿ߥ޿߽ߩߩޔฃ⻠↢ߩ࡝࠹࡜ࠪ࡯࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᏅ

⇣ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡޔၮᧄ㑐ᢙߢ޽ࠆSUM

㑐ᢙࠍ૶

↪ߒߚౝኈߢ޽ߞߡ߽ᱜ╵ߩ▸⇵ߦ౉ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

㧟㧚㧞 ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩᄖᒻ⊛ಽᨆ

ឭ಴ߐࠇߚ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩᱜ╵⁁ᴫߪޔၯ₹

ᄢቇᢎ㙃ቇㇱߢߪ࿑㧡ߦ␜ߒߚㅢࠅޔ

2008

ᐕᐲ એ㒠ߢᰴ╙ߦᱜ╵₸߇ะ਄ߒߡ߅ࠅޔߘߩ⁁ᴫ ߪߎߩ㧡ᐕ㑆ߢන⺞ߦផ⒖ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ ࠆޕߎߩ⁁ᴫߪ࿑㧢ߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔᲧセኻ⽎

ߢ޽ࠆ

A

ᄢቇߢ߽ห᭽ߢ޽ߞߚ

20

ޕ

⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪޔએਅߩ ㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆޕ

㧝㧕ⓨᰣߦᱜߒ޿⚿ᨐࠍዉߊᢙᑼ߇౉ജߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

㧞㧕ࠣ࡜ࡈ߇ឬ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ

㧟㧕⠨ኤ߇⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

ߎߩ⺖㗴ߩ⁓޿ߪޔ⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߢฃ

⻠↢߇৻ㅢࠅߩ⸘▚ಣℂࠍ⥄ജߢߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ ߥࠆߎߣޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪߘߩᯏ⢻ࠍౣ⏕⹺ߔࠆߎߣ ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼ޔߎߩਛߢޔ㧞㧕ߩࠣ࡜ࡈߣ㧟㧕ߩ

⠨ኤߪ․ߦౝኈࠍ໧ࠊߕޔ⺖㗴ߦ⸥ߐࠇߚᒻߢ ᦨૐ㒢ߩ૞ᬺ߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ุ߆ߩ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ

ߦ⇐߼ߡ޿ࠆޕ

ਥߚࠆ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪޔ㧝㧕

ߩᱜߒ޿⚿ᨐࠍዉߊᢙᑼ߇౉ജߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ุ

߆ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔߎࠇ߽ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪޟᱜߒ޿⚿ᨐࠍ

ዉߊᢙᑼޠ߇⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ࠇ߫ᱜ╵ߣߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

⻠⟵ߢߪޔ਄ㅀߒߚࠃ߁ߦ

SUM

㑐ᢙࠍ૶↪ߖ ߕߦޔ࠮࡞ࠍ৻ߟߕߟ⿷ߔട▚ᑼߣߒߡ଀␜ߒ ߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔ࠮࡞ࠍ૶↪ߖߕߦᢙ୯ࠍౣᐲ౉ജߒ ߚട▚ᑼࠍ⸥ߒߡ޿ߡ߽ޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪ

SUM

㑐ᢙ ࠍ೑↪ߒߡ޿ߡ߽ᱜ╵ߣߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

ૉߒޔߎߩ⺖㗴ߦߪฃ⻠↢߇ᗧ๧ࠍ⠨߃ߡᢙ ᑼࠍ౉ജߒߚ߆ޔනߦᯏ᪾૞ᬺ⊛ߦᢙᑼࠍ౉ജ

ߒߚ߆ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ㊀ⷐߥ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࡐࠗࡦ࠻߇㓝 ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߘࠇߪޔ࿑㧟ਛߩ⴫㧝ߩฝਅ㧞ᰣ ߇ߘࠇߦ⋧ᒰߒޔߎࠇࠄߩᰣߪ❑ߦว⸘ߔࠆߩ ߢߪߥߊޔ࿷ቇ⠪ߣᢎຬߘࠇߙࠇߩว⸘୯ߢ㒰

▚ߒߥߌࠇ߫ᱜߒ޿⚿ᨐߣߪߥࠄߥ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ߎߩ㧞ᰣߦᱜߒ޿ᢙᑼ߇౉ജߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿႐ว ߪޔઁߩⓨᰣ߇ᱜߒߊၒ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߣߒߡ߽

㪇 㪉㪇 㪋㪇 㪍㪇 㪏㪇 㪈㪇㪇 㪈㪉㪇 㪈㪋㪇 㪈㪍㪇 㪈㪏㪇

㪉㪇㪇㪏 㪉㪇㪇㪐 㪉㪇㪈㪇 㪉㪇㪈㪈 㪉㪇㪈㪉 ᐕᐲ

ੱᢙ

㪇㪅㪇㩼 㪈㪇㪅㪇㩼 㪉㪇㪅㪇㩼 㪊㪇㪅㪇㩼 㪋㪇㪅㪇㩼 㪌㪇㪅㪇㩼 㪍㪇㪅㪇㩼 㪎㪇㪅㪇㩼 㪏㪇㪅㪇㩼 㪐㪇㪅㪇㩼 ᱜ╵ᢙ

ਇᱜ⸃ᢙ

㆐ᚑ₸

ᧂ㆐ᚑ₸

࿑㧡 ၯ₹ᄢቇᢎ㙃ቇㇱߢߩᱜ╵₸ߩផ⒖

࿑㧢 ㇺౝ㧭ᄢቇߢߩᱜ╵₸ߩផ⒖

(9)

ᱜ╵ߣߪߺߥߐࠇߥ޿ߚ߼ޔ᝼ᬺߢߪ❑ߩว⸘

ࠍᯏ᪾⊛ߦ૞ᬺߔࠆవ౉ⷰࠍᜬߚߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ ޟว⸘୯ߩว⸘ޠߦߪᵈᗧࠍᛄ߁ࠃ߁ߦવ߃ࠆ ߣ౒ߦޔ࿷ቇ⠪ᢙߩว⸘୯ߩว⸘એ㒠ߪ଀␜ߖ ߕߦޔฃ⻠↢߇್ᢿߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ઀ะߌߡ޿ࠆޕ ৻ᣇޔᱜ╵ߣߺߥߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚឭ಴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻

ࠍᧂ㆐ᚑߣߐࠇߚౝኈ㗄⋡Ფߦᢛℂߒߡߺࠆߣޔ એਅߩࠃ߁ߦಽ㘃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ

㧝㧕⴫ਛߩᢙ୯ߩᗧ๧ࠍᱜߒߊℂ⸃ߖߕߦ౉ജ૞

ᬺߩߺࠍⴕߞߚ

́ᢎຬ৻ੱ޽ߚࠅߩቇ↢ᢙߩว⸘ᰣ߇㑆㆑ߞߡ

޿ࠆ㧔❑ߦว⸘ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧕

́㒰ᢙ߇෻ኻߢޔቇ↢৻ੱ޽ߚࠅߩᢎຬᢙߦߥ ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔ዊᢙ୯ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧕

㧞㧕⺖㗴ߩ㆐ᚑ⋡ᮡࠍᱜߒߊℂ⸃ߖߕߦขࠅ⚵ࠎ ߛ㧔⻠⟵ࠍ⡞޿ߡ޿ߥ޿߆ޔ⺖㗴ࠍℂ⸃ߒߡ

޿ߥ޿㧕

́⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߢߥߊޔࡢ࡯࠼ࡊࡠ࠮࠶

ࠨߦࠃࠅ૞ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ ́ࠣ࡜ࡈ߇ឬ߆ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿

㧟㧕߅ߑߥࠅߦឭ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᣢᚑ੐ታߩᒻᚑ⋡

⊛㧕

́⴫ߩᒻ߇ቢᚑߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ޔ߽ߒߊߪᢙ୯߇ ቢోߦ౉ജߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿

21

́ᢙᑼ߇૶ࠊࠇߡ߅ࠄߕޔว⸘୯ߛߌ߇౉ജߐ ࠇߡ޿ࠆ

22

ߎࠇࠄߦߪ㧝㧕ߦಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥవߩ࠴ࠚ

࠶ࠢࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ฽߼ߚ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻૞ᚑ਄ߩࠤࠕ࡟

ࠬࡒ߽ࠬ฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߒ߆ߒߘࠇએ਄ߦޔ⺖

㗴߇ᧂ㆐ᚑߢ޽ࠆ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩᄙߊ߇ޔ㧞㧕߅ࠃ

߮㧟㧕ߦಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥฃ⻠↢ߩᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ

⢒⑼⋡ߦኻߔࠆቇ⠌ᘒᐲߦ⿠࿃ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽

ࠆޕߟ߹ࠅޔߎࠇࠄߩ⁁ᴫ߇␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪޔ ฃ⻠↢߇౉ቇએ೨ߦ⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߩ⍮⼂

߿ᠲ૞ᛛ⢻ࠍోߊᜬߞߡ޿ߥ޿ࠊߌߢߪߥߊޔ

޽ߊ߹ߢ᝼ᬺߦኻߒߡ߿ࠆ᳇߇ߥ޿߆ਇ⌀㕙⋡

߆ߣ޿߁ฃ⻠↢ߩᘒᐲߦ⿠࿃ߒߚ⚿ᨐߣᝒ߃ࠆ ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕߤߩ᝼ᬺߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔߘߩࠃ߁ ߥᘒᐲߩቇ↢ߩሽ࿷ߪᄙዋߥࠅߣ߽⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ

ࠊߌߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ߻ߒࠈߘߩᗧ๧߆ࠄផኤߔࠆߣޔ

㆐ᚑ₸ߩ਄᣹ߪනߦᠲ૞ᛛ⢻࡟ࡌ࡞߇ะ਄ߒߚ

ߣ޿߁ࠃࠅ߽ޔฃ⻠↢ߩ᝼ᬺߦኻߔࠆᘒᐲ߇ᄌൻ ߒߡޔ⺖㗴ߢⷐ᳞ߔࠆౝኈࠍᜬߒߚ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻߇ ࠃࠅᄙߊឭ಴ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߣᝒ߃ࠆߎߣ

߽น⢻ߢ޽ࠆޕ

ห৻ߩⷙቯ⺖㗴ࠍ⛔৻⊛ၮḰߢ⹏ଔߒߡ޿ࠆ

࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩᱜ╵₸߇ߎߩ㧡ᐕ㑆ะ਄ߒ⛯ߌߡ޿

ࠆߎߣߪޔන⚐ߦߪޟᄢቇ߳ߩ౉ቇએ೨ߦߥߐ ࠇߚᖱႎᢎ⢒ߩലᨐല↪ޠߣ⸃㉼ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ ߈ࠆޕߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄޔ᝼ᬺᜂᒰ⠪ߣߒߡߩታᗵ ߢߪޔ

2008

ᐕᒰᤨߩฃ⻠↢ߩⷰኤ⚿ᨐߣߒߡ␜

ߐࠇߚ⋡ࠍ⇼߁ࠃ߁ߥ․ᓽ⊛ߥⴕὑ߇

23

ޔߎߩ

㧡ᐕ㑆ߢ߻ߒࠈჇടߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦߐ߃ᗵߓࠄ

ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕታ㓙ޔᄢቇ౉ቇએ೨ߦ⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻

࠙ࠚࠕࠍ૶↪ߒߚߎߣ߇ߥ޿ቇ↢ߪޔ᝼ᬺਛߩ

᜼ᚻߦࠃࠆ⺞ᩏߢߪ޽ࠆ߽ߩߩޔߎߩ㧡ᐕ㑆ߢ

ߪ߶ߣࠎߤ⷗ฃߌࠄࠇߥ޿ޕߘࠇߦ᜔߽ࠊࠄߕޔ ߎߩ⺖㗴ߩឭ಴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߢߪޔⷐ⚛ᢙߩᄙ޿❑

ߩว⸘୯⸘▚ߢ߽଀␜ߒߚㅢࠅߦ୘ޘߩⷐ⚛ࠍ

⿷ߔട▚ᑼߢ⸥ߐࠇߚ߽ߩ߇ᄙߊޔၮᧄ⊛ߥ㑐 ᢙߢ޽ࠆSUM

㑐ᢙߢ⸥ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߪዋᢙߢ޽

ࠆޕ߹ߚޔታ⠌ਛߦߪᑼࠍⶄ౮ߔࠆᯏ⢻ࠍ↪޿

ߕޔᢥฏ߽⸒ࠊߕߦ࿾㆏ߦ㧝ߟߕߟᑼࠍ⸥౉ߒ ߡ޿ࠆᆫ߇ᄙޘⷰኤߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁

ᴫߪޔฃ⻠↢ߩᄙߊ߇⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕࠍ⍮

ߞߡ߅ࠅޔ૶↪⚻㛎߇޽ࠆߦ᜔߽ࠊࠄߕޔߘߩ

೑↪ᣇᴺ߇りߦઃ޿ߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣࠍᅤታߦ␜ߒ ߡ޿ࠆޕߘࠇ᡿ߦޔ⻠⟵ߢ଀␜ߒߚᣇᴺࠍߘߩ

߹߹〯ⷅߒߡ⺖㗴ߦขࠅ⚵߽߁ߣߒޔࠃࠅ◲ଢ

ߢߩኈᤃߥᣇᴺࠍ⷗಴ߘ߁ߣ߽ߒߥ޿ߩߢ޽ࠈ

߁ޕߘߒߡᱜ╵₸ߩჇടߪޔ╩⠪ࠄ߇࠺ࠩࠗࡦ

ߒߚᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߇ޔዋߥߊߣ߽ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ

ฃ⻠↢ߩᖱႎᛛⴚࠍᎼࠆ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂߆ࠄߪᄖࠇ

ߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚߎߣࠍ␜ߔ⚿ᨐߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠆߎߣ

߇ߢ߈ࠃ߁

24

ޕ

(10)

㧟㧚㧟 ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩౝኈಽᨆ

⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߦࠃࠆ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߪޔ ߘߩᚑุ߇᣿⏕ߦࠊ߆ࠆ৻ᣇߢޔឭ಴ߐࠇߚ࡟

ࡐ࡯࠻ߩߺ߆ࠄߘߩ೙૞⚻✲ࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍

ߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩߚ߼ޔฃ⻠↢ߩታ㓙ߩℂ⸃ᐲ߿ࠬ

ࠠ࡞࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍឭ಴‛ߩᱜ╵₸߆ࠄߩߺផߒ㊂ࠆ

ߎߣ߽ޔ๟೔ߦ▤ℂߐࠇߚታ⠌ⅣႺߢߥߐࠇߥ

޿㒢ࠅߪޔේℂ⊛ߦߪਇน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ

25

ޕߒ߆ߒ ߥ߇ࠄޔឭ಴ߐࠇߚ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩਛߦߪޔ೙

૞Ბ㓏ߢߩ⧰ഭ߇ᗵߓࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩ߿ޔ⧰ᔃߒߚ

∥〔߇ᱷߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߽ᢔ⷗ߐࠇࠆޕߎࠇࠄ

ߩ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻߆ࠄߪޔᱜ╵߆ุ߆ߦ᜔ࠊࠄߕޔᄖ

ᒻ⊛ߥಽᨆߛߌ߆ࠄߢߪࠊ߆ࠄߥ޿ޔฃ⻠↢ߩ

ᖱႎᛛⴚߦኻߔࠆ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂ࠍ⡼ߢᗵߓࠆᚻដ ߆ࠅ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆޕߘߎߢޔߎ ߩ㧡ᐕ㑆ߦਔᄢቇߢឭ಴ߐࠇߚᒰ⹥⺖㗴ߩోߡ ߩ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩਛ߆ࠄޔᱜ╵߆ุ߆ߦ᜔ࠊࠄߕ․

ᓽ⊛ߥᑼ߿ᣇᴺࠍ↪޿ߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩࠍ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ߣ

ߒߡ᛽಴ߒޔߘߩౝኈಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚޕ

᛽಴ߐࠇߚ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߦ⸥ߐࠇߚ․ᓽ⊛ߥᑼ߿

⸥ᴺߪޔએਅߩ㧟⒳㘃ߦಽ㘃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ

㧝㧕⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߩၮᧄ⊛ߥ೑↪ᴺࠍ⺋⸃

ߒߡ޿ࠆ

㧞㧕㆏ౕߩ૞ᴺߦଐሽߒߡޔᕁ⠨߇஗ᱛߒߡ޿ࠆ

㧟㧕㆏ౕߩ૞ᴺߦ྽ࠊࠇޔᔅⷐએ਄ߦⶄ㔀ߥߎߣ ࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ

߹ߕޔ․ᓽ⊛ߥᑼ߿⸥ᴺࠍ⸥ߒߡ޿ࠆ࡟ࡐ࡯

࠻ߩᄙߊߪޔ㧝㧕ߦಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥ࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚ ࠕߩ೑↪ᣇᴺߦኻߔࠆℂ⸃߿⍮⼂ਇ⿷߇᜗޿ߚ

⚿ᨐߣᝒ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕߘߩౖဳߣߒߡ࿑

㧣߅ࠃ߮࿑㧤ߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔട▚ޔ㒰▚ࠍࠊ ߑࠊߑSUM

㑐ᢙౝߦ⸥ߒߚ੐଀ࠍ᜼ߍࠆߎߣ ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕߎࠇࠄߪޔⰬ⿷⊛ߥ⴫⃻ߢߪ޽ࠆ߽

ߩߩᢙᑼߣߒߡߪ㑆㆑޿ߢߪߥߊޔ⚿ᨐ߽ᱜߒ

޿ߎߣ߆ࠄᱜ╵࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߢ޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄޔ ߎࠇࠄߩ੐଀ߪޟᑼߪ

SUM

㑐ᢙౝߦ⸥ㅀߔࠆޠ

ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥၮᧄ⊛ߥ೑↪ᴺߩ⺋⸃ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩ ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ

ᰴߦ⋡ߦઃߊߩ߇ޔ㧞㧕ߩࠃ߁ߥᠲ૞ᣇᴺߩ

ߺߦଐሽߒߡ⚿ᨐࠍ♖ᩏߒߥ߆ߞߚߎߣߦ⿠࿃

ߒߡਇᱜ⸃ߣߥߞߡߒ߹ߞߚߣᝒ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ ߈ࠆ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߢ޽ࠆޕ࿑㧥ߦ␜ߒߚߩߪ⺋ߞߚ

ว⸘୯⸘▚ߩ੐଀ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔᄢቇ↢߇ᗧ࿑ߒߡ

࿷ቇ⠪ᢙߦቇᩞᢙࠍട▚ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ⸥ㅀࠍߔࠆ

ߣߪ⠨߃㔍޿ޕ߅ߘࠄߊߪޔ୘೎ߦട▚⴫⸥ߔ ࠆᚻ㑆ࠍ⋭޿ߡޔࡔ࠾ࡘ࡯ࡃ࡯߿ࡔ࠾ࡘ࡯࡝ࡏ ࡦߦ޽ࠆޟࠝ࡯࠻

SUMޠࡏ࠲ࡦࠍ↪޿ߡ⸘▚

ࠍᜰ␜ߒޔߘߩ㓙ߦ⴫␜ߐࠇࠆ⸘▚▸࿐ࠍࠃߊ

⏕⹺ߒߥ߆ߞߚߎߣߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ26

ޕ

ឭ಴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩਛߢޔᦨ߽․ᓽ⊛ߥ੐଀߇ޔ

࿑㧣 ਇⷐߥ㑐ᢙߩ೑↪੐଀1

࿑㧤 ਇⷐߥ㑐ᢙߩ೑↪੐଀2

࿑㧥 ⺋ߞߚṶ▚੐଀

Auto SUM ߩ⺋↪ߣផኤߐࠇࠆ

(11)

㧟㧕ߦಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥᛛߩᵴ↪ߦ྽ࠊࠇߡ⧰ഭ

ࠍ㊀ߨߚᧃߦߚߤࠅߟ޿ߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆᑼ߇⸥ߐ ࠇߚ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߢ޽ࠆޕ

଀߃߫ޔ࿑10

߅ࠃ߮࿑11 ߩ੐

଀ߢߪޔන⚐ߥ㒰▚ࠍⶄ⚛ᢙ㒰

▚㑐ᢙ

imdiv

߿ᢛᢙ㒰▚㑐ᢙ

quotient

ߢ⸥ߒߡ߅ࠅޔ 㑐ᢙߦࠃࠆᑼߩ⸥ㅀߦ྽ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍᅤታ ߦ‛⺆ߞߡ޿ࠆޕߘࠇߪหᤨߦޔᦨ߽ၮᧄ⊛ߥ

྾ೣṶ▚ࠍ⸥ߔߎߣ߇りߦઃ޿ߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣࠍ

␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ߽޿߃ࠆޕߘߩߎߣߪޔ㧡ᐕ೨ߩ

Ბ㓏ߢ߽ᣢߦޟcm ࠍ

m

ߦᄌ឵ߔࠆ㑐ᢙޠࠍត ߒ᳞߼ࠆᆫߣߒߡ⋡ߩᒰߚࠅߦߒߡ߅ࠅޔߘࠇ

᡿ߦᦨೋߩ⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߩ⺖㗴ߢߪ྾ೣ

Ṷ▚ߩߺࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦᢎ␜ౝኈࠍᡷ߼ߚ⚻

✲߽޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥ㑐ᢙߢߩ⴫⃻ߦ

྽ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆฃ⻠↢ߪᓟࠍ⛘ߚߕޔ․ߦ㒰▚ߩ

⴫⃻ߢぽ޿ߡ޿ࠆฃ⻠↢ࠍ⃻࿷ߢ߽ࠃߊ⷗߆ߌ ߡ޿ࠆ

27

ޕ

ߎࠇࠄߩ․ᓽ⊛ߥ੐଀ߦ౒ㅢߔࠆὐߪޔ┵⊛

ߦߪᒰ⹥ฃ⻠↢ߦ⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ߇ᱜߒߊ ℂ⸃ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔࠃࠅᱜ

⏕ߦ⸥ߖ߫ޔᓐࠄ߇ℂ⸃ߒߚ㆏ౕߣߒߡߩ᭎ᔨ

߇⺋ߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕߘࠇߪන⚐ߥ

⸘▚ߩ㆏ౕߣߒߡ྾ೣṶ▚ࠍ⥄↱ߦ⸥ㅀߢ߈ߕޔ

ဳߦ፰߹ߞߚ㑐ᢙ⴫⸥ࠍ⹜ߺࠆߎߣߦᅤታߦ⴫

ࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔ࿑㧥ߩ੐଀ߩⷐ࿃ߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ

⸘▚ᡰេᯏ⢻߳ߩㆊᐲߥଐሽᆫ൓ߦߎߘޔߘߩ

ᩮḮ߇޽ࠆ߽ߩߣ⋡ߐࠇࠆޕታ㓙ޔฃ⻠↢ߩ⺖

㗴ታᣉ⁁ᴫࠍⷰኤߔࠆߣᢎ␜ߒߡ޿ߥ޿⸘▚ᑼ

૞ᚑᡰេᯏ⢻ߩᄙ↪߇ᢔ⷗ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ⻠⟵ਛ ߩ଀␜⺑᣿߿⾗ᢱߢߩᠲ૞଀⸥ㅀߦ᜔߽ࠊࠄߕޔ ᄙߊߩฃ⻠↢ߚߜߪ࠮࡞ߦ⋥ធᢙᑼࠍ⸥౉ߔࠆ ߩߢߪߥߊޔᡰេᯏ⢻ߦࠃߞߡ⸘▚ᑼࠍ⸳ቯߒ ࠃ߁ߣߒߡ⿷ហ޿ߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔᡰេᯏ⢻߿㑐ᢙ೑↪ߣ޿߁ဳߦ

፰߹ߞߚ೑↪ᣇᴺߦ྽ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆฃ⻠↢߇ᢔ⷗

ߐࠇࠆ⃻⁁ߪޔᢎ⑼ޟᖱႎޠࠍ߽฽߼ߚᄢቇ౉

ቇએ೨ߩࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡝࠹࡜ࠪ࡯ᒻᚑߦ߅޿ߡޔ ߘߩᧄ⾰ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆ㊀ᄢߥ໧㗴ὐ߇ẜ࿷ߒߡ޿

ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠃ߁ޕ

㧠㧚ᖱႎࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣߒߡߩ ᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⠨ኤ

ᱜ╵ߣ್ቯߐࠇߚ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߪޔၮᧄ⊛ߦ

⻠⟵ߢ଀␜ߒߚ⸘▚ᑼ߇ߘߩㅢࠅߩᒻߢ౉ജߐ ࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߇ਛᔃߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩߎߣࠍ⷗ࠆ㒢 ࠅޔ⻠⟵ߦ೨ะ߈ߦෳടߒޔౝኈࠍℂ⸃ߒޔᱜ ߒߊᚑᨐ‛ߣߒߡߩ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻߇઀਄ߍࠄࠇߚ⚿

ᨐߣฃߌขࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔవߦ߽ㅀ ߴߚㅢࠅޔ߶ߣࠎߤߩฃ⻠↢߇⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙

ࠚࠕߩᠲ૞ᛛ⢻ࠍᣢߦ⠌ᓧߒߡ޿ࠆߪߕߢ޽ࠆ ߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔߘߩᛛ⢻ࠍᵴ↪ߖߕߦޔ߭ߚ ߔࠄ㤩ޘߣ⻠⟵ߢ଀␜ߒߚ྾ೣṶ▚ᑼࠍᛂߜㄟ ࠎߢ޿ࠆᆫߪޔනߦᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߩ໧㗴ߣߒߡ

ᝒ߃ࠆߦߪ޽߹ࠅߦ߽⴫㕙⊛ߦㆊ߉ࠆޔ߽ߞߣ

ᩮర⊛ߥⷐ࿃ߩሽ࿷ࠍᥧ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆޕ

଀߃߫ޔߎߩ⺖㗴ߢቇᩞᢙߩว⸘୯ߪᦨ߽ၮ

ᧄ⊛ߥ㑐ᢙ

SUM

ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ =SUM(B4:B9) ߣ⸥ߖ߫ࠃࠅ◲ᤃߦ⸘▚ߢ߈ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆߦ߽

߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔᄙߊߩฃ⻠↢߇ᢓ߃ߡ⻠⟵ߢ଀␜

࿑10 ྾ೣṶ▚ࠍ㑐ᢙߢ⴫⃻ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚ੐଀1

࿑11 ྾ೣṶ▚ࠍ㑐ᢙߢ⴫⃻ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚ੐଀2

(12)

ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ =B4+B5+B6+B7+B8+B9 ߣߘࠇ

ߙࠇߩ࠮࡞ࠍ᣿␜⊛ߦട▚ߔࠆᑼࠍ⸥ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

ߒ߆߽ޔታ⠌ቶߢⷰኤߐࠇࠆߩߪޔߎߩᑼࠍⶄ

౮ߔࠆߎߣ߽ߖߕߦޔ᷆ޘߣ➅ࠅ㄰ߒߡട▚ᑼ

ࠍᛂߜㄟ߻ᆫߥߩߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩ਄ޔ⻠⟵ਛߦ଀

␜ߒߚᑼ߇ᦠ߈ขࠇߥ߆ߞߚߣࠊߑࠊߑ⡞߈ߦ

᧪ࠆ⠪߿ޔᦠ߈ขߞߚᑼࠍ⏕⹺ߒߦ᧪ࠆ⠪ޔߐ

ࠄߦߪ଀␜ߒߚ↹㕙ࠍ᠟ᓇߔࠆ⠪ߐ߃޿ࠆߎߣ ߆ࠄޔߎߩන⚐ߥട▚ᑼߐ߃ᗧ๧ࠍℂ⸃ߒࠃ߁ ߣߖߕߦ౉ജߒߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈߐ߃ุ߼ߥ޿ߩߢ

޽ࠆޕ

ߎࠇࠄߩߎߣ߇␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪޔᄙߊߩฃ

⻠↢߇⥄ಽߚߜߩ⠌ᓧߒߚᠲ૞ᛛ⢻߿⍮⼂ࠍ૶

ߞߡ⺖㗴ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔ⻠⟵ߢ ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ߿ࠅᣇ߇ᱜߒ޿࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ࠍ૞ࠅ਄ߍ

ࠆᦨ߽ല₸⊛ߥᣇᴺߣߒߡฃߌขࠅޔᷓߊ⠨߃ ࠆߎߣ߽ේℂࠍℂ⸃ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆߎߣ߽ήߒߦޔ

⍴⛊⊛ߦ૞ᬺߦขࠅដ߆ࠅ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ࠍ઀਄

ߍࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩⷰὐ

߆ࠄߔࠇ߫ޔ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩᱜ╵₸߿㆐ᚑᐲว

޿߇ะ਄ߒߚߎߣߪޔฃ⻠↢ߩᖱႎᵴ↪⢻ജߩ ะ਄ߦࠃࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔ ޟ⻠⟵ߢ଀␜ߐࠇߚ߿ࠅ ᣇࠍߘߩ߹߹㡻๘ߺߦߒߡᢥฏ߽⸒ࠊߕߦ⌀ૃ

ࠆᛛ⢻ޠߩะ਄ߦࠃࠆ⚿ᨐߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠃ߁ޕ ቇ↢ߩቇ⠌ㆊ⒟߿ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߩਛߢޔ⴫⸘▚࠰

ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ႐㕙߇ዋߥ޿ߚ߼ߦᛛ⢻

߇ะ਄ߒߥ޿ߎߣߪኈᤃߦᗐ௝ߢ߈ࠆޕߒ߆ߒ ߥ߇ࠄޔ৻ㇱߩቇ↢ߢ޽ࠆߣߪ޿߃ޔߎߩࠃ߁ ߥ⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߩ೑↪ᣇᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺋ߞ ߚℂ⸃߿૞ᴺ߇ޔᄢቇ౉ቇએ೨ߦᒻᚑߐࠇߡߒ

߹ߞߚ੐ታࠍ⌀៼ߦฃߌᱛ߼ޔߘߩ੐ታ㑐ଥࠍ

᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ᄢቇߩᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߩ޽ࠅ ᣇࠍ⼏⺰ߔࠆ਄ߢ㊀ⷐߥขࠅ⚵ߺߣ޿߃ࠆޕߘ ࠇߦߪޔߎࠇ߹ߢ╩⠪ࠄ߇ขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ߈ߚฃ⻠

↢ߩ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂ࠍᝒ߃ޔߘࠇࠍ〯߹߃ߚᢎ⢒ࠞ

࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߔࠆߣ޿߁ኻಣ≮ᴺ⊛ߥ

⠨߃ᣇߢߪߥߊޔᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߘߩ߽ߩࠍޔ৻

⥸␠ળ↢ᵴߦ߅ߌࠆᖱႎᛛⴚߩ೑↪ⅣႺߩᄌൻ ߣߘࠇߦ઻߁ฃ⻠↢ߩᗧ⼂ߩᄌኈߣߢᒻ૞ࠄࠇ ࠆᖱႎࠪࠬ࠹ࡓޔߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߣߥ ࠆޕᖱႎᢎ⢒߇⟎߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᴫߪߎࠇࠄߩ⋧

੕ߦ㑐ㅪߒวߞߚ੐⽎߇❱ࠅߥߔ৻ߟߩ⁁ᘒߣ

⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ28

ޕ

߹ߕޔ៤Ꮺᖱႎ┵ᧃ᥉෸એ೨ߩᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒

ࠍᎼࠆ␠ળ⁁ᴫࠍޔ᣿␜⊛ߥᛛⴚၮ⋚ߣᛛ⢻࡟

ࡌ࡞ߦ┙⣉ߒߚฃ⻠↢ߣᜰዉᢎຬߣߢᒻᚑߐࠇ

ฃ⻠⠪䈱ᛛ⢻䊧䊔䊦 䈮ᔕ䈛䈢ᛛ⢻ᜰዉ ᣂ䈢䈭ᛛ⢻₪

ᓧ䈮䉋䉎ల⿷

⥄䉌䈱૕㛎䈮ᡰ ᜬ䈘䉏䈢೑ଢᕈ 䈻䈱ାᔨ 䉋䉍㜞ᐲ䈭ᛛ⢻䊧䊔䊦

䈻䈱ᜰዉⷐ⺧

᣿⏕䈭ᛛⴚၮ⋚䈫ᛛ⢻䊧䊔䊦

ᛛ⢻

⚻㛎⍮

ᛛ ⢻

⚻ 䈫 㛎 ⍮ 䈫 䈱 䊋 䊮 䊤 䉴

࿑12 ៤Ꮺᖱႎ┵ᧃ᥉෸એ೨ߩᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ࠍᎼࠆ␠ળ⁁ᴫ

(13)

ࠆᖱႎࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣᝒ߃ࠆߣޔ࿑

12

ߩࠃ߁ߦ␜

ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ

29

ޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫߪޔᛛ⢻⢒

ᚑߩߺߥࠄߕᢎ⢒ⅣႺ৻⥸ߢᒻᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎ

ߣߣ޿߃ࠆ߇ޔᢎຬߪ⥄ࠄߩᛛ⢻⸠✵ߩᚑᨐߣ ߒߡ㜞ᐲߥᛛ⢻ࠍ଻ᜬߒޔߘࠇߦ઻߁㜞ᐲߥᛛ ⴚၮ⋚ߩ೑ᵴ↪߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߛߌߢߥߊޔ⏕ߚ ࠆ⥄ାߣំࠆ߉ߥ޿ାᔨࠍᒻᚑߢ߈ࠆޕ৻ᣇߢ ฃ⻠⠪ߪޔࠃࠅ㜞ᐲߥᛛ⢻࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡᛛ

⢻⸠✵ߦബߺޔᛛ⢻ะ਄ߦ઻ߞߡ⌕ታߦ೑↪น

⢻ߥᛛⴚၮ⋚߽㜞ᐲൻߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔల⿷ᗵࠍ

ᓧࠄࠇࠆߛߌߢߥߊޔ⚻㛎⍮ߦၮߠ޿ߚࡃ࡜ࡦ

ࠬߩߣࠇߚᛛ⢻߽⢒߹ࠇࠆߎߣߣߥࠆޕૉߒޔ ߎߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩേ߈ߪࠁߞߊࠅߣߒߚ߽ߩߢޔ

ല↪ࠍ⊒ើߔࠆߦߪ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߩᤨ㑆㑆㓒߇ᔅⷐ

ߣߐࠇࠆߎߣߣߥࠆޕ

ߎࠇߦኻߒߡޔ៤Ꮺᖱႎ┵ᧃ᥉෸એ㒠ߩᖱႎ ၮ␆ᢎ⢒ࠍᎼࠆ␠ળ⁁ᴫߪޔ㜞ᐲߥᖱႎಣℂၮ

⋚߇ታ⃻ߐࠇߚߎߣߦࠃࠅޔᛛ⢻࡟ࡌ࡞ߦଐࠄ

ߕ㜞ᐲߥᖱႎಣℂᛛⴚ߇೑↪น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ৻ᣇߢޔ

୘ޘੱߩᛛ⢻࡟ࡌ࡞߇␠ળ⊛ߦ᣿␜ൻߐࠇ㔍ߊ ߥߞߡ߅ࠅޔ

⥄Ꮖ⹺⼂ߐ߃߽㔍ߒߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ

ߘߩࠃ߁ߥⅣႺਅߢฃ⻠↢ߣᜰዉᢎຬߣߢᒻᚑ ߐࠇࠆᖱႎࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪޔ࿑

13

ߩࠃ߁ߦᝒ߃ࠆ ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕᢎຬߪ⥄ࠄߩᛛ⢻⸠✵ߩᚑᨐࠍ

૏⟎ߠߌࠆߎߣ߽ޔ⏕⹺ߔࠆߎߣ߽ޔߘߒߡ᣿

␜ߔࠆߎߣߐ߃߽ኈᤃߦߢ߈ߥ޿߫߆ࠅ߆ޔᛛ

ⴚၮ⋚ߩ೑ᵴ↪ߣ޿߁ὐߢ߽ޔᔅߕߒ߽ฃ⻠↢

ࠃࠅ㜞ᐲߣߪ޿߃ߕޔ߻ߒࠈฃ⻠↢ߩᣇ߇ఝߞ ߡ޿ࠆߎߣߐ߃ุቯߢ߈ߥ޿⁁ᴫߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩ ߚ߼ޔ៤Ꮺᖱႎ┵ᧃ᥉෸એ೨ߦᒻᚑߐࠇߚᛛ⢻

ᢎ⢒߳ߩ⏕ၫ߇ᒝ߹ࠆߣหᤨߦޔ⁁ᴫߦଐሽߒ ߚࡁ࠙ࡂ࠙વ᝼߿ޔࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞⊛↪ᴺߢߩ⸠✵

ߣ޿ߞߚౝኈߦ㒱ࠅ߇ߜߦߥࠆ

30

ޕߘߒߡฃ⻠

⠪ߪޔᛛ⢻ࠍ઻ࠊߕߦ㜞ᐲߥᖱႎᛛⴚࠍ೑ᵴ↪

ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔり૕ߢⷡ߃ࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔ㗡 ߢℂ⸃ߔࠆ⍮⼂ߣߒߡߩᛛ⢻߇Ⴧᄢߔࠆߎߣߣ ߥࠆ߇ޔᛛ⢻⸠✵߇ਇⷐߢ޽ࠆߚ߼ߦ⚻㛎⍮߇ Ⴧߐߕޔ⍮⼂ߣߒߡߩᛛ⢻ߣߩࡃ࡜ࡦࠬࠍ଻ߡ ߥߊߥߞߡߒ߹߁ޕߒ߆߽ޔ⌀ߦᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆ ᛛ⢻⸠✵ߢᓧࠄࠇࠆᛛ⢻࡟ࡌ࡞ߣ೑ᵴ↪ߒߡ޿

ࠆ㜞ᐲᛛⴚߣߩᩰᏅ߇ᄢ߈ߊޔߘߩ⠌ᓧߦᤨ㑆

߽ᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆߎߣ߆ࠄᛛ⢻⸠✵߇ᔊㆱߐࠇࠆ ߎߣߣ߽ߥࠅޔᚻᣧߊᓧࠄࠇࠆࡁ࠙ࡂ࠙⊛ᛛ⢻

ߦ৻ㆊᕈߩల⿷ᗵࠍ᳞߼ࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߇ߜߢ޽

ࠆޕߘࠇ᡿ߦޔ߹ߔ߹ߔಽਇ⋧ᔕߦ㜞ᐲߥᖱႎ ၮ⋚ߦଐሽߔࠆߎߣߣߥࠆߛߌߢߥߊޔ⥄ࠄߩ ᛛ⢻࡟ࡌ࡞߇⥄ⷡߢ߈ߥ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄߐࠄߥࠆ⍮

⼂ߣߒߡߩᛛ⢻ߩ₪ᓧߦㆳㅴߔࠆߎߣߣ߽ߥߞ 䊉䉡䊊䉡⊛ᛛ

⢻䈮䉋䉎৻ᤨ

⊛䈭ల⿷ᗵ

⚻㛎⍮䈏ᔅⷐ䈭䊉䉡 䊊䉡⊛ᛛ⢻䉕વ᝼

⥄䉌䈱ᠲ૞ᛛ⢻

ਛᔃ䈱ᢎ⢒⚻㛎 䈻䈱⏕ା

⥄䉌䈱ᛛ⢻䊧䊔䊦䈏

⹺⍮䈪䈐䈭䈇䈢䉄䇮䈘 䉌䈮ᛛ⢻⢒ᚑ䈮❂䉎

㜞ᐲ䈭ᖱႎಣℂᡰេⅣႺਅ䈪 ᛛ⢻䊧䊔䊦䈱ਇㅘ᣿ൻ

䈩䈱ᛛ⢻ ⍮⼂䈫䈚

⚻㛎⍮

ᠲ ૞

⍮ ⼂

⚻ 䈫 㛎 ⍮ 䈏 䈫 䉝 䊮 䊋 䊤 䉴 䊮 ᚻ㑆ᥜ䈱䈎䈎䉎 ታ૕㛎䈱ᔊㆱ

⚻㛎⍮䉅Ⴧ䈋䈝䇮 ᛛ⢻䊧䊔䊦䉅ਇㅘ

ⅣႺ䈻䈱 ଐሽ

⁁ᴫଐሽ䈱䊃䊥䉾䉨䊷 䈭⺖㗴ឭ␜䉇䊙䊆䊠䉝 䊦⊛↪ᴺ䈻䈱ㅏㆱ ᧄ⾰⊛䈭ᖱႎᢎ⢒

䈱䈅䉍ᣇ䈮䈧䈇䈩 䈱⼏⺰䉕ᔊㆱ

࿑13 ៤Ꮺᖱႎ┵ᧃ᥉෸એ㒠ߩᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ࠍᎼࠆ␠ળ⁁ᴫ

(14)

ߡߒ߹߁ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

࿑13

ߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫࠍᩮᧄ⊛ߦᛂ㐿ߔ ࠆߚ߼ߦߪޔᢎ⑼ޟᖱႎޠࠍ߽฽߼ߚᖱႎᢎ⢒

ో૕ߩࡒ࠶࡚ࠪࡦߣ⋧੕ߩᓎഀಽᜂߣߩౣቯ⟵

߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆߛߌߢߥߊޔ␠ળో૕ߦ߅޿ߡޔ

․ߦᢎ⢒⃻႐ߢߩᖱႎᛛⴚ೑↪ߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍ߽໧

޿⋥ߐߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޕߘߒߡޔߘߩขࠅ⚵

ߺߦߪᄙߊߩ࿎㔍߇┙ߜߪߛ߆ߞߡ޿ࠆߛߌߢ ߥߊޔ੹ᓟᄙߊߩ⼏⺰߇ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪᗐ

௝ߦ㔍ߊߥ޿ޕ⃻⁁ߦ߅ߌࠆᄢቇߢߩኻ╷ߣߒ

ߡߪޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥ␠ળ⁁ᴫߩਅߢᒻ૞ࠄࠇߡߒ

߹ߞߚޔᱜߒߊߥ޿᭎ᔨ߿ဳߦ፰߼ࠄࠇߚ೑ᵴ

↪ߩᣇᴺࠍޔᄙዋߥࠅߣ߽ਥ૕⊛ߥᛛ⢻ߣߒߡ

ౣ⹺⼂ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߩᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ

ࠍ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߒޔታᣉᣇᴺࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߣ޿߃ ࠃ߁ޕߘࠇߪޔߎࠇ߹ߢߩࠃ߁ߥᖱႎᵴ⢻ജߩ

✚઀਄ߍߣߒߡߩ⊒ዷ⊛ᢎ⢒31

߆ࠄޔ࡝ࡔ࠺ࠖ

ࠕ࡞ᢎ⢒

32߳ߣߘߩ૏⟎ߠߌࠍᄢ߈ߊォ឵ߐߖ

ࠆߴ߈ߎߣࠍ߽ᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ 㧡㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ

ᧄ⺰ᢥߢߪޔᄢቇߢߩᢎ⢒ࠍ൮฽ߔࠆᖱႎၮ

␆ᢎ⢒ࠍᎼࠆ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡޔᖱႎᛛⴚၮ⋚ߩᄌ ൻߦ઻߁␠ળ⊛ߥ⁁ᴫߣߩ㑐ଥᕈ߆ࠄᝒ߃ߡ⠨

ኤߒߚޕᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߩ⁓޿ߢ޽ࠆᖱႎᵴ↪⢻

ജߩ⢒ᚑߪޔᖱႎᯏེ߿ࠕࡊ࡝ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࠰ࡈ

࠻࠙ࠚࠕߩᠲ૞ᛛ⢻ࠍߘߩᵴ↪႐㕙߿ᵴ↪ᣇᴺ ߣ⚿߮ߟߌߡ⠌ᓧߔࠆߎߣߢೋ߼ߡน⢻ߣߥࠆޕ ߒ߆ߒߘߩߚ߼ߦߪޔᖱႎᛛⴚࠍᎼࠆฃ⻠↢ߩ

␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ᝼ᬺౝኈࠍ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߔࠆ

ߛߌߢߥߊޔߘߩࠃ߁ߥ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂ࠍ⢒߻ⅣႺ

ਅߢߩᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍ߽࠺ࠩࠗࡦߔࠆ

ᔅⷐᕈߦㄼࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ߽޿߃ࠆޕ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ࠍᎼࠆ␠ળ⊛ߥ⁁ᴫࠍ

ᝒ߃ࠆߚ߼ޔᧄ⺰ᢥߢߪޔᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒⥄૕ࠍ

޽ࠆᖱႎᛛⴚⅣႺਅߦ߅޿ߡฃ⻠↢ߣᢎᏧߣߦ

ࠃࠅᒻᚑߐࠇࠆᖱႎࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣߒߡ⠨ኤߒߚޕ

᝼ᬺߢឭ಴ߐࠇࠆᢙᄙߊߩ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߪޔ නߦᢎ⢒ലᨐࠍ᷹ࠆߩߺߥࠄߕޔߘߩฃ⻠↢ࠍ

Ꮌࠆ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂߿ޔߘߩᢥ⣂ߢᒻ૞ࠄࠇࠆฃ⻠

↢௝ࠍ⍮ࠆߚ߼ߩ㊀ⷐߥᖱႎḮߣ޿߃ࠆޕ․ߦޔ

⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߢߩ⺖㗴ߪޔ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂ߢ ᗧ๧ࠍᜬߟᢙ୯ࠍᛒ߁߽ߩ߇ਛᔃߢ޽ࠆߣ౒ߦޔ ᗧ๧ߩ޽ࠆᢙ୯Ṷ▚ࠍ⠨߃ޔPC ߦኻߒߡᜰ␜

ߔࠆߎߣࠍฃ⻠↢ߦⷐ᳞ߔࠆޕߘߩࠃ߁ߥⷰὐ ߆ࠄޔᧄ⺰ᢥߢߪ⴫⸘▚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߩ⺖㗴࡟

ࡐ࡯࠻ߩౝኈߦ⌕⋡ߒޔߘߎߦ⸥ߐࠇߚᢙᑼߩ

ߺߥࠄߕޔᱷߐࠇߚ⺖㗴ㆀⴕ਄ߩᒻ〔ࠍ߽ಽᨆ ߔࠆߎߣࠍㅢߒߡޔߘߩฃ⻠↢௝ࠍតࠅ಴ߘ߁ ߣ⹜ߺߚࠊߌߢ޽ࠆޕ

⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩౝኈಽᨆ߅ࠃ߮⺖㗴ታ⠌ߢߩ

ⷰኤ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇߚฃ⻠↢ߩ⺖㗴ߦኻߔࠆ౒

ㅢߩ௑ะߪޔ⥄ࠄᢙᑼ߿⸃ᴺࠍ⠨߃ߚࠅ⹜ⴕ㍲

⺋ߒߚࠅߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊᱜ⸃ߩߺࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆᆫ

൓߿ޔല₸⊛ߦਈ߃ࠄࠇߚ⺖㗴ߦߩߺኻಣߒࠃ

߁ߣߔࠆᗧ⼂߇⷗߃㓝ࠇߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ ߘߩߚ߼ޔᒻᑼ⊛ߥᠲ૞ᣇᴺ߿ࡁ࠙ࡂ࠙ߩᬌ⚝

ߣ޿߁ᒰᐳ᦭ലߢߪ޽ࠆ߽ߩߩޔᢎ⢒ലᨐߦਲ ߒ޿ⴕὑߦ⯯ߒ޿㆐ᚑᗵࠍ᳞߼ߡߒ߹߁ߎߣߣ ߥࠅޔ⹜ⴕ㍲⺋ࠍ੤߃ߡ࿾㆏ߦ㧝ߟߕߟᠲ૞ߔ ࠆߎߣߢታᗵߣߒߡᓧࠄࠇࠆ⚻㛎⍮ࠍⓍ߻ߎߣ ߆ࠄߪޔ߹ߔ߹ߔ㆙ㅌ޿ߡߒ߹߁ߎߣߣߥࠆ߽

ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ

ฃ⻠↢ߢ޽ࠆᄢቇ↢ߪޔਇቢోߥᛛ⢻ߒ߆り ߦߟ޿ߡ޿ߥ޿ߦ᜔߽ࠊࠄߕޔᣢ⠌ߒߚᖱႎᛛ ⴚߪ⋡ᣂߒ޿߽ߩߢߪߥ޿ߚ߼ޔቇ⠌ᗧ᰼߇ะ

਄ߒߥ޿ߛߌߢߥߊޔᚻ㑆ᥜࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆୃ✵

ࠍᔊㆱߔࠆߎߣ߳⚿߮ઃ޿ߡߒ߹߁ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ߒ߆߽ޔᖱႎᛛⴚߦᣣᏱ⊛ߥ೑ଢᕈࠍ⷗޿ߛߖ ߥ޿ߛߌߢߥߊޔᄢቇ↢ߩ┙႐ߢߪ⍮⼂߿ᛛ⢻

߇ะ਄ߒߚߎߣࠍᲑ㓏⊛ߦታᗵߒ㔍޿␠ળⅣႺ

ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔᄢቇ↢߇ਥ૕⊛ߦᖱႎᛛⴚߦ

ขࠅ⚵߻ߎߣ߇㔍ߒ޿⁁ᴫߣ߽ߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢ

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޽ࠆޕ

ታ㓙ޔ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ߽ޔฃ⻠↢

߇ᗧ⼂ߒߡ⥄⊒⊛ߦᖱႎᛛⴚߦធߔࠆࠊߌߢߪ ߥߊޔ޽ߊ߹ߢ߽␠ળߩ೙ᐲ߿᭴ㅧߩਛߢᢎ⢒

⊛⹏ଔࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߿ޔ୘ੱ⊛ߥᛛ⢻߿⢻ജߣߒ ߡ⴫㕙⊛ߥᠲ૞⢻ജࠍ⹶␜ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒ ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ᗵߓࠄࠇࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫ߇␜

ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪޔ੹ᣣ৻⥸⊛ߥᄢቇೋᐕᐲ↢ߩ

␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂ߢߪޔቴⷰ⊛┙႐ߣߒߡߩࡔ࡝࠶࠻

ࠍ੨ฃߔߴߊᖱႎᛛⴚߦᦼᓙࠍነߖޔࠦࡒࡘ࠾

ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߿ᖱႎ෼㓸ߩߚ߼ߩᛛᴺߣߒߡߪታ

〣ߐࠇߡߪ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩޔㅒߦਥⷰ⊛┙႐ߣߒߡ

ߪᯏ⢻ᕈਛᔃਥ⟵߿ᛛⴚଐሽ૕⾰ߩᒝൻߦߟߥ ߇ࠆ࠺ࡔ࡝࠶࠻ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆޔߣᝒ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩߎߣ߇ޔฃ⻠↢

߇⥄⊒⊛ߣ޿߁ࠃࠅ߽ޔ␠ળ⊛⹏ଔ߿ታ〣߆ࠄ ߩㅏㆱࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ᝼ᬺߦෳടߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆᘒ ᐲ߳ߣዉ޿ߡߒ߹߁ߎߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ᄢቇ↢ߩߎߩࠃ߁ߥᗧ⼂߿ീቇᆫ൓ߪޔ੹ߦ ᆎ߹ߞߚߎߣߢߪߥ޿߇ޔᖱႎᛛⴚ߇᥉෸ߒߡ ߅ࠄߕޔᄢቇߢߩᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߢೋ߼ߡ

PC

ߦ

ធߔࠆࠃ߁ߥᤨઍߦߪޔዋߥߊߣ߽૗ࠍⴕ߁ߦ

߽ᚻ૞ᬺ߇ਇนᰳߢ޽ߞߚߚ߼ޔߎࠇ߶ߤ㗼⪺

ߦߪᗵߓࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚߎߣߢߪߥ߆ࠈ߁߆ޕߘ ࠇ᡿ߦޔᒰᤨߪၮᧄ⊛ߥᠲ૞ᣇᴺ߆ࠄߩᜰዉ߇

ᔅⷐߣߐࠇߚ෻㕙ޔฃ⻠↢ߪㅒߦᣣᏱߩන⚐૞

ᬺߩシᷫߣ޿߁⋥ធ⊛ലᨐࠍ੨ฃߢ߈ߚߚ߼ޔ

⥝๧ࠍᜬߞߡ᝼ᬺߦ⥃ࠎߢ޿ߚߣ޿߃ࠆޕߒ߆

ߒޔ⃻ઍߢߪᄢቇ౉ቇએ೨ߩ

PC

ᠲ૞⚻㛎߇᝼

ᬺߩᣂ㞲ߐࠍ㒖ኂߔࠆߛߌߢߥߊޔฃ⻠↢ߩ

᭽ޘߥᣢᚑ᭎ᔨ߇ቇ⠌ࠍࠃࠅ࿎㔍ߥߎߣ߳ߣᄌ

⽩ߐߖߡ޿ࠆߣᝒ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠊߌߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫߪޔᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߦ㒢ߞߚߎ ߣߢߪߥߊޔోߡߩᢎ⢒⃻႐ߢᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈໧㗴 ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕታ㓙ޔᄢቇߢߩᄙߊߩ৻

⥸⊛ߥ᝼ᬺߢ⺖ߐࠇࠆ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߪޔࡢ࡯ࡊ ࡠ࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߢ㔚ሶ⊛ߦ೙૞ߐࠇޔ㔚ሶࡈࠔ

ࠗ࡞ߩ߹߹ߢឭ಴ߐߖࠆࠤ࡯ࠬ߇Ⴧ߃ߡ޿ࠆޕ

ߒ߆ߒޔࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻਄ߩᖱႎࠨࠗ࠻߿౏㐿

⺰ᢥߥߤࠍήᢿߢⶄ౮ߒߡ⾍ࠅઃߌߚߛߌߩ࡟

ࡐ࡯࠻߇ᄙᢙᮮⴕߒߡ߅ࠅޔᢎᏧ஥ߢ߽ߘߩ੐

ታ⏕⹺߇ቢోߦߪߢ߈ߥ޿⁁ᴫߣ߽ߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ ߘߩߚ߼ޔᄙߊߩᢎ⢒⃻႐ߢߪࠦࡇ࡯ᬌ಴࠰ࡈ

࠻࠙ࠚࠕࠍዉ౉ߒߡޔ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻߿ឭ಴⺰ᢥߩࠝ

࡝ࠫ࠽࡝࠹ࠖࠍ್ቯߔࠆߚ߼ߩၮ␆࠺࡯࠲ࠍᓧ ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆߎߣߐ߃ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

ߘࠇߦ᜔߽ࠊࠄߕޔᢎ⢒⃻႐߳ߩᖱႎᯏེዉ

౉ࠍផㅴߔࠆჿߪᒝߊޔᢎ⢒ലᨐߩ㕙ߢߪ߻ߒ ࠈㅒⴕߔࠆߣ߽޿߃ࠆᖱႎᯏེߩ೑↪ᣇᴺࠍవ ㅴ⊛೑↪੐଀ߣߒߡ㜞ߊ⹏ଔߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ㘑ầߐ ߃ᗵߓࠄࠇࠆޕᢎ⢒ᜂᒰ⠪ߩᕃᘟߦࠃࠅޔᖱႎ ᯏེߩዉ౉߿ᢎ⢒ലᨐߩะ਄ߦะߌߚᖱႎᛛⴚ

೑↪߇㒖߹ࠇࠆ੐ᘒ߇޽ߞߚߎߣุ߽߼ߥ޿ޕ ߒ߆ߒߘߩ৻ᣇߢޔήᛕ್ߥᖱႎᛛⴚߩዉ౉ߪ ᢎ⢒⃻႐ߩല₸ൻએ਄ߦ፣უࠍ߽߽ߚࠄߔෂ㒾 ᕈࠍሺࠎߢ޿ࠆޕ଀߃߫ޔᄙ᭽ߥ㔚ሶ⊛ᖱႎࡔ

࠺ࠖࠕࠍ↪޿ߚᢎ᧚߇᝼ᬺ߳ߩ⥝๧ࠍჇߒޔ᝼

ᬺౝኈߩℂ⸃ࠍଦㅴߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇޔᄙߊߩᯏ

᧚߿ᢎ᧚߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆޕߘߩࠃ߁ߥᖱ ႎࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߪ⏕߆ߦฃ⻠↢ߩ৻ᤨ⊛ߥ⥝๧ࠍ߆ ߈┙ߡޔℂ⸃ߒߚࠃ߁ߦᗵߓߐߖߡߪߊࠇࠆ߽

ߩߩޔᧄ⾰⊛ߥℂ⸃߳ߣ⥋ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇ૐ޿ࠃ߁ ߦᗵߓࠄࠇࠆޕߘࠇߪޔᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߣห᭽ߦޔ

ᒝ޿ᖱႎೝỗࠍ߽ߚࠄߔࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ߇⋥ᗵ⊛ߥℂ

⸃ߪଦߔ߽ߩߩޔ⥄ࠄℂᕈ⊛ߦ⠨߃ߡℂ⸃ࠍᷓ

߼ࠆߎߣߦߪ⚿߮ઃ߆ߥ޿ߛߌߢߥߊޔ⋥ⷰ⊛

ℂ⸃߇ߐࠄߥࠆቇ⠌ࠍ㒖ኂߔࠆߚ߼ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ

33

ޕ

ቇᬺߣߪሼߩߏߣߊᧄ᧪⊛ߦޟᬺޠߢ޽ࠅޔ ᢎቶߪୃ✵߿ୃᬺ߇ߥߐࠇࠆ႐ߢ޽ࠆޕߘ߽ߘ

߽ᖱႎᛛⴚ߿ᖱႎᯏེߪޔᄙߊߩఝࠇߚ⍮⼂߳

ߩធㄭࠍ߽ߚࠄߔቇ⠌ⅣႺߩ᭴▽ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ㐿

⊒ߐࠇޔዉ౉ߐࠇߡ߈ߚߪߕߢ޽ࠅ34

ޔ੹ᣣߢ

߽ߘߩᗧ⼂ߪᄌࠊߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ߻

(16)

ߒࠈ੹໧ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߪޔᖱႎᛛⴚࠍᎼࠆ␠ળ ߩ⁁ᴫ߇഍⊛ߦᄌൻߒߚ⃻ઍ␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆቇᬺ

ߩ޽ࠅᣇߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩୃ✵߿ୃᬺߩߥߐࠇᣇߣ

޿߃ࠃ߁ޕᖱႎᛛⴚ߇ᐢߊᶐㅘߒߚⅣႺߢ޽ࠇ

߫ߎߘޔቇ⠌ᯏ᧚߿ቇ⠌ⅣႺߣߒߡߩᖱႎᛛⴚ

߿ᖱႎᯏེࠍޔᢎ⢒ലᨐߩⷰὐ߆ࠄᱜߒߊ⹏ଔ ߒ೑ᵴ↪ߒߡ޿ߊታ〣ജ߇ޔᢎ⢒ᜂᒰ⠪ߦᒝߊ

᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߣߥࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕᧄ⺰ᢥߢߩ⼏

⺰߇ޔ੹ᓟߩᄢቇ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩᖱႎᢎ⢒ߩ޽ࠅᣇޔ

ߘߒߡᢎ⢒⃻႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᖱႎᛛⴚ೑↪ߩ޽ࠅᣇ ࠍౣᬌ⸛߅ࠃ߮⼏⺰ߔࠆ਄ߢߩ৻ഥߣߥࠇ߫ᐘ

޿ߢ޽ࠆޕ

⻢ ㄉ

ᧄ⎇ⓥߪޔᐔᚑ

23㨪25

ᐕᐲ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ

㊄㧔ၮ⋚⎇ⓥ(C)ޔ⺖㗴⇟ภ23501134ޟ⋥ⷰ⊛

ߥࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ․ᕈߦၮߠ޿ߚᖱႎᢎ⢒ߩߚ߼ߩᢎ

᧚ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥޠ㧕߅ࠃ߮ޔᐔᚑ

24

ᐕᐲၯ₹ᄢ ቇ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻⎇ⓥ⾌㧔৻⥸⎇ⓥ㧙Ԙ ၮ␆⎇ⓥޟᖱႎᛛⴚߦኻߔࠆᄢቇ↢ߩᗧ⼂ߩᄌ

ኈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥޠ㧕ߦࠃࠅޔᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߩ

ቇ⠌ⅣႺߩ᭴▽ߦะߌߚቇ⠌⠪ߩᗧ⼂ߦ㑐ߒߡ ߩ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡታᣉߐࠇߚޕ߹ߚޔၯ

₹ᄢቇᢥൻ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ୃ჻⺖⒟ 㒽ⅎ᳁

㧔⃻࿷ޔ

ࢃ࠻࡜ࡦࠬࠦࠬࡕࠬൕോ㧕ߦߪޔᧄ⎇ⓥߩၮ␆

ߣߥࠆᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߦ߅޿ߡឭ಴ߐࠇߚ⤘ᄢߥ

⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ࠍಽ㘃ᢛℂ߅ࠃ߮ౝኈಽᨆࠍㆀⴕ

ߔࠆߦ޽ߚࠅޔᄙᄢߥߏදജࠍ㗂޿ߚޕ⸥ߒߡ ᗵ⻢ߩᗧࠍ⴫ߔࠆޕ

1 ᴡ᧛৻᮸✬ 2008, p.18.

2 PCߣห╬ߩᯏ⢻ᕈࠍᜬߟ࠲ࡉ࡟࠶࠻┵ᧃ߿ࠬࡑ࡯࠻

ࡈࠜࡦߥߤߢߩᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ߽⷗ࠄࠇߡ

޿ࠆᤓ੹ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ╩⠪ࠄߪੱޘߩ⣶ࠍᝪ߃ߚ⍮⊛↢

↥ᵴേߦߪߎࠇࠄߩᯏ᧚ߪਇะ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ߅ࠅޔ

߹ߚୃᬺߩ႐ߣߒߡߩᢎ⢒ᵴേ߇ߎࠇࠄߩᯏ᧚ߢኻಣ น⢻ߥ⒟ߦ߹ߢޔ߅ᚻシޔ߅᳇シߥ޽ࠆ⒳シ⭯ߥߎߣ ߣᝒ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㘑ầߦෂᯏᗵߐ߃ᛴ޿ߡ޿ࠆޕ

3 ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔᖱႎᢎ⢒ߢ⢒߻ߴ߈⢻ജࠍޟᖱ ႎᵴ↪⢻ജޠߣߒߡ߅ࠅޔߘࠇߪޟᖱႎᵴ↪ߩታ〣ജޠޔ ޟᖱႎߩ⑼ቇ⊛ℂ⸃ޠޔޟᖱႎ␠ળߦෳ↹ߔࠆᘒᐲޠߩ 㧟ߟߩ⚦⋡⋡ᮡ߆ࠄᚑࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆ㨇ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭

2010, p.6㨉ޕߒ߆ߒޔᖱႎ⑼ᢎ⢒ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆᢥ₂㨇ᴡ᧛

✬⪺ 2008㨉߿৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩᖱႎၮ␆ᢎ⢒↪ߣߒ

ߡᖱႎಣℂቇળߢ✬➏ߒߚᢎ⑼ᦠ㨇ᴡ᧛, ๺↰, ጊਅ,

┙↰, ጟ↰, ૒ޘᧁ, ጊญ 2011㨉ߥߤߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ ߦޔᖱႎᵴ↪⢻ജࠍࠃࠅりㄭߥ߽ߩߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠆߚ߼

ߦޔ᝼ᬺߢߩICTᵴ↪ߦ㒢ቯߒߡ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ

޿ޕICTߦゲ⿷ࠍᝪ߃ߚ߽ߩߢ߽ޔනߥࠆᠲ૞ᣇᴺ߿

ᖱႎಣℂᯏ᭴ߩℂ⸃ߢߪߥߊޔICTࠍᵴ↪ߒߡ⺖㗴ߦ ขࠅ⚵߻ߎߣߦࠃࠅ␠ળ⊛੐⽎ߩℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ࠃ߁ߣߔ ࠆࠃࠅᐢ޿ⷰὐ߆ࠄߩᢎ⑼ᦠ㨇ᶏ㊁, ↰᧛ 2002, ౝᧁ,

㊁᧛ 2004a߅ࠃ߮2009, ⥱↢ 2011㨉߽⧯ᐓߪ޽ࠆ߽

ߩߩޔᮡḰ⊛ᢎ⑼ᦠߦߪ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ޕ

4 ᢥ₂㨇ౝᧁ 2009a㨉ߦ2009ᐕᤨὐߢߩᚑᨐ߇߹ߣ߼

ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔ㨇ౝᧁ, ንỈ 2008 ߅ࠃ߮ 2009㨉ߥߤ ߢႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦޔㆊ෰ᢙᐕߦਗ਼ࠅ╩⠪ࠄߩᢎ

⢒⃻႐߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇߚታ〣⊛ߥ࠺࡯࠲ߦၮߠ޿ߚ⺞ᩏ⎇

ⓥᚑᨐߢ޽ࠅޔ⎇ⓥᵴേߪ 2013ᐕ⃻࿷߽ห᭽ߦ⛮⛯

ਛߢ޽ࠆޕᧄ⺰ᢥߢߩ⼏⺰ߪޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥቯὐ᷹ⷰߣ ߒߡߩታ〣⊛࠺࡯࠲ߦၮߠ߈ޔ2009ᐕ߆ࠄታᣉਛߢ޽

ࠆᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣߣหᤨߦޔᖱႎၮ␆

ᢎ⢒ࠍᎼࠆᩮḮ⊛ߥ໧㗴ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣ ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

5 ࿑㧝ߪG. BurrellߣG. Morganߦࠃࠆ␠ળቇߩࡄ࡜

࠳ࠗࡓಽᨆߩᨒ⚵ߺ㨇Burrell, G and G. Morgan 1979,

pp.21-37㨉ࠍេ↪ߒߡޔ╩⠪ࠄ߇ዉ߈಴ߒߚᖱႎᛛⴚ

ߦኻߔࠆ␠ળ⊛ᢥ⣂ߩᓧᄬࠍಽᨆߔࠆⷞὐߢ޽ࠆ㨇ౝ

2009a, p.16㨉ޕ

6 ⶄᢙߩ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࡐࠗࡦ࠻߇⺖ߖࠄࠇߚ⺖㗴ߢޔฦ࠴ࠚ

࠶ࠢࡐࠗࡦ࠻߇㆐ᚑߢ߈ߚഀวޕ

7 ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ⾰⊛⎇ⓥ㨇Flick 1995㨉ߦಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆౝኈߩ

߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔߎߎߢߩౝኈಽᨆߪ⺆ࠄࠇߚౝኈ߿⸥

ㅀߐࠇߚᢥ┨ߦ฽ᗧߐࠇࠆౝኈࠍ⸃㉼ߔࠆߎߣߢߪߥ

ߊޔ⴫⸘▚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦ⸥ߐࠇߚṶ▚ᑼ߿ߘߎߦᱷߐࠇ ߚ૞ᬺߩ∥〔ߥߤ߆ࠄ૞ᬺ⠪ߩᗧ⼂߿ℂ⸃ᐲว޿ࠍត

ࠈ߁ߣ⹜ߺࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

8 ߘߩ৻ᣇߢޔりㄭߥሽ࿷ߢ޽ࠆ៤Ꮺ㔚⹤߿ࠬࡑ࡯࠻ࡈ

ࠜࡦࠍㅒߦᄙ↪ߔࠆᆫ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆߣߎࠈ߇ޔᖱႎᢎ⢒

ߩലᨐߩ⍦⋫ߣ߽޿߃ࠃ߁ޕߟ߹ࠅޔᖱႎᢎ⢒ߢߩቇ

⠌ലᨐߪޔᖱႎᛛⴚ৻⥸ߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣߢߪߥߊޔ㕖ᣣ

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