the Genus

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

NII-Electronic Library Service

The JapaneseSociety forPlant Systematics

ISSNOOOI-6799 Acta

Phytotax.Geobot.43

(2):

^97-110

(1992)

A Taxonomic Revision

^of

the Genus

Mentha in Pakistan

'ZABTA KHAN

SHINWARI

and ""MOHAMMAD NAZEER CHAUDHRI

"Pbkistan ll4Ltseum

ofIVbtural

^{Histotp,,tslamabad,Pakistan;}

(Pnesent

^Address)

Department

ofBotany,

^Ricttlty

of

^{Science,1<yoto}U}iiversity,Sakyo-ku,K]I,oto606-Ol

**Department of BiologicalSciences,

Quaid-i-Azam

University,Islarnabad,Pakistan

Abstract The genus Mbntha was revised to re-examine the taxonomic opinions ofHooker

(1885),

Mukerjee

(1940),

^Borisova

(1954),

^Stewart

(1972)

^{and Rechinger}

(1982).

^{Accordingtocurrent studies}

thegenus^{Mlenthahasfive species in}Pakistan:ll4Larvensis MLpiperita,ML_spicatagM tonglplia and

ML rayleana. Four new varieties are described:ML royleana var.glabtz{,^{ML rayleana var.} giigitica,ML longijbiiavar. swatic ¢ and ML longijbliavar. muqarrabica.

(Received

^{October 26,1991;AcceptedJune30,1992)}

Key words: Labiatae,Mlentha,Pakistan,Revision,Taxonomy.

The

genus

Mentha (subtribe

^{Menthinae; tribe}

Saturejeae; Labiatae.) is distinguished from

other genera ^ofthesubtribe mainly

by

the4 stamens and theabsence of staminodes .

^Mentha

displays

_greatvariability

in leaf

shape,

indumentum,

structure of

infiorescence,

sizeof calyx and corolla,

length

of starnens and styles. Inshady

habitats,

verticillasters tend to

be distantly

spaced and usually contain

fewer flowers.

Hybridization

is

of common occurrence

(Borisova

^1954).

Bentham

(1832-1836), in his

^{monograph on} Labiatae,

listed 33

synonyms

for Mentha sylvestris

^and

89

synonyms for

Ml

arvensis.

Hooker (1885),

^Mukerjee

(1940)

^and

^Borisova (1954)

^{recognized two species of Mentha}

^from

^{Pakistan,viz.}

Ml

sylvestris,^and M. arvensis.

Bentham

^and Hooker _considered

ML

rQyleana to

be

a variety of

Ml sylvestris.

Murata (1964) ^listed

^Mentha

^{longijblia from}

^{northern Pakistan and recorded var.}

incana under

ML longijblia from Gilgit.

Hedge

(1968) ^described

^{two new subspecies of}

^ML

tongijblia from

Pakistanand adjoining areas.

He

treated

M

rayleana as a subspecies of M.

tongijbliag but

according toRechinger

(1982) ^ML

^{rayleana isa distinctspecies.}

^Stewart (1972) followed Hedge(1968) in

thisregard and reported

four

speciesof Mentha from

Pakistan, Sobti (1974;

^{1975)reported thechromosome number of M}

_piperita

^and ML spicataas 2n=72 and

48;

respectively. Harley

&

^Brighton

(1977)

^{reported the chromosome} nurnber of

M: longijblia

as 2n==48, while Uhrikova

(1978)

^{reported the chromoseme number} of the

same species as

2n=24.

Gill

(1984)

^{and Bir}

& Saggoo (1984)

^{reported the chromosome}

number of ML sylvestrisas

2n=

10and 12,respectively. While

Saggoo

& Bir

(1983) ^described

thechromosome number of ML

sylvestris

^{var. rqyleana as 2n=72.}

Rechinger (1982)

^{inhisFloraIranicareported 7species} and

described

threenew varieties of

ML

^rayieana

from Iran

and adjoining areas.

Among

them fourspecies are

also

_present

in

Pakistan.

Since

^extensive

hybridization has been

reported among the various taxa of Mentha,

biosystematic

studies are needed toclarify the taxonomy of thegenus.

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

The JapaneseSociety forPlant Systematics

98

^{ActaPhytotax.Geobot. Vol.43}

We ^{examined $pecimens of} Mentha and found that centiguous and

interrupted

spikes are found on the same

individual

and cannot

be

used to

distinguish

varieties. Using

geographical distribution, hairiness, leafshape,

and characteristicsof theinflorescence,we recognize two new varieties of ML rovleana viz., glabra ^and giigitica^and two of Mentha

tongifblia

viz.,swatica and muqarrabica.

Key

to the species

1a)Verticillastersinthe axils of cadine leaves,････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････_{1.M arvensis} lb) Verticillasterscrowded inaterminalinfiorescence.

2a)Leavesglabrous^or subglabrous

3a) Leavespetielate;inflorescenceinterrupted^{only at the} base;plantsdarkgreen.･･･_{2.ML piperita} 3b) Leavesmostly sessile,infiorescenceinterrupted;_plantsbright_green.･････---･･---･-_{3.M: spicata} 2b) Leavestomentose or pilose,^{very rarely} glabreseent

(ML

^{royteana var.} glabixO.

4a) Leaf^{basecordate; calyx 2-3mm} long.････････････････････････････････････････････t･･････4.ML longijblia 4b) Leafbaseattenuate; calyx 1.5mm long.････････････････････-･････････････････････'･'･''･･･5.ML rcu,leana

1.Mentha aryensis L.,

Sp. Pl. 577 (1753)

^;

^{Hook. fi1., Fl. Brit. Ind.}

^4:648

⁽¹⁸⁸⁵⁾

^;Mukerjee,

Rec.Bot.

Surv.

Ind.

14:86 (1940); A,G.Borisova in

B.K.Shishkin,Fl.

USSR., 21:604 (1954);

R.R.Stewart,

Ann. Cat. Vas. Pl,

^Pak.

617 (1972);

^{K.H. Rechinger}

^{in Rechinger, Fl. Iranica,}

150:556

(1982).

^{Rhizome creeping; stem mostly} prostrate,^{rarely erect, usually} pubescent;verticillasters

in

theaxil ofcauline

leaves;

calyx campanulate, 2.5mm

long,

vielet; corolla tubular,

lilac

or rose lilac,3.5-5mm

long,

_pilose

both

externally and internally;nutlets

1

^mm

long,

_globose.

FloweringPeriod:

June-October.

^{Commonly found infields,meadows, canals and}

irrigation

ditches.

Distribution:Europe, Afghanistan,^{Pakistan,Himalayas,Central}Asia.

2. Mentha piperita

L., Sp.

^Pl.576

(1753);

^{A.G. Borisova}

^{in B.K. Shishkin,}

^Fl.

^USSR.,

^21:

620 (l954);

^{R.R. Stewart,Ann. Cat.Vas.Pl.Pak.}

⁶¹⁸ (1972).

^Rhizome

horizontal;

^{stem erect,}

branched,

mostly ^{reddish, and} glabrous;

inflorescence

capitate-spicate,

interrupted

at the base;calyx tubular, glabrous,^violet tinged,

glandular

punctate;^corolla

glabrous,

^{whitish, as}

long

as thecalyx;nutlets

O.75

^{mm, obovoid.}

Flowering period: July-October. Mostly

cultivated bothin

plains

^{and hills,also}

found

asan escape ^{near water}

in

Balakot ^and Swat.

Distribution:CentralEurepe, Mediterranean,Himalayas,^{Pakistari,China and Japan.}

^{Note: We were unable toexamine specimens of Ml arvensis and}

ML

_piperita;usuady very

few

specimens ^{of cultivated} plants^are

kept in

our

herbaria.

^Economic

importance: Peppermint

or Podina

(Local

^narne)

^is

propagated vegetatively and numerous cultivars^are known. It

is

_grown

for its

medicinal ^{value and} for

its

^essential oil.

The oil content

is highest in

theinfiorescence.The oilcontains

38-65%

^{menthol. The}

leayes

are used

in infusions

^and

decoctions for

theirstomachic and ^{anodyne effects.}

The

oilisused to enhance the palatability^{of other} medicaments. The plant contains

vitamin A; it is

nectariferous, used in

liqueur, food

and perfume.

3.Menthaspicata 621

(1954);

^R.R.

150:

569 (1982).

L.,Sp.Pl.576

(1753); ^A.G.

^{Borisova,inB.K. Shishkin,}

^{Fl. USSR.,}

^21:

Stewart, Ann. Cat.

^Vas.Pl.Pak.

618 (1972); ^K.H.

^Rechinger,

^{Fl. Iranica,}

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

NII-Electronic Library Service

The JapaneseSociety for Plant Systematics

December

¹⁹⁹²

SHINWARI & CHAUDHRI:

The

Genus

Mtentha

in

Pakistan 99

Perennial, 30-80

^cm

long,

^{ascending, or erect,} _glabrous or nearly so, green,much branched; leaves3-6 × 1-2 cm, sessile subsessile or shortly petiolate,^ovate to oblong

lanceolate, glabrous

^or subglabrous, subacute, margins thickened, crenate or entire;

floral leaves

bractiform;inflorescence2-9 cm long _slender, interrupted,sometimes upper part

contiguous; calyx 1.5-2.5mm

long,

_glabrous,with

5

equal pointedteeth;

fruiting

calyx with I5prominent ^{nerves; corolla} rose-violet;nutlets

1

^×

O.5

^mm,

dark brown,

ovoid-rounded.

Flowering Period.:August-October.

Common

on

River banks, in

meadows and

fields,

sometimes a weed.

Distribution:CentralAsia

Specimensexainined: Baluchistan:

Quetta,

^{Mbnzoor and A4keasoodl687}

(ISL);

^{Ziarat, Mdnzoor and}

Mbqsood;1351

(ISL) (pedicels

^{and calyx with white hairs);Chautairforest}

(Sibi),

^{ca2600m, 1985,buqarrab}

Shah a KL Saaed 1470

(PMNH).

^{North West FrontierProv.:Makay to Parachinar}

"urram

^Valley);

15.x.1975,

labai

^{Dar et aL 92}

(ISL) (uppcr

^{surface of leaveswithwhite hairs);Ballamori}

(Hazara),

^ML

Shaukat & IViyar2238

(ISL) (ealyx

^{teethreddish).}

4. Mentha longifolia (L.)

^{Huds., Fl.Angl.:}

²² (1762); ^{A.G. Borisova, Fl. USSR., 21:}

⁶¹¹

(1954); R.R. Stewart, Ann. Cat. Vas.

Pl.Pak. 617

(1972);

^{K. H. Rechinger,}

^{Fl. Iranica, 150:}

557 (1982).

^-ML spieataL.yar.

longtfofia L. Sp. PI. 576 (1753).

^{-Ml sytvestrisL.,}

^{Sp. Pl.}

^ed.

2: 804 (1763); ^{Hook. f.,}

^{Fl.Brit.Ind.4:}

⁶⁴⁷ (1885).

^{Perennial,rhizome spreading; stem}

3(>-80

cm

long,

erect,

branched

or rarely simple, covered with white

hairs; leaves highly

variable

in

the nature of indumentum and size,usually sessile, sometimes shortly petiolate,

(2-) ^5-10

^×

^1.5-3

^{cm , ovate oblong or oblong}

lanceolate, base

^rounded to subcordate to cordate; apex acute, margins serrate, upper surface green, ^{whitish or}

greyish due

to

indumentum,

lower surface white or greyish tomentose;

leaves

in floralregion

bract-like

^or

linear

^subulate; verticillastersterminal, pointed,^{rather closely} situated,

lower

whorls sometimes remote;

pedicel

^{tomentose; calyx}

2-3 mrn long,narrowly campanulate, teeth variable,

linear

subulate; corolla

4-S

mm

Iong,

rose

lilac,

_puberulous outside and glabrousinside;corolla tube more or

less

equalling the Iobes,the upper

lobe

oblong ovate, emarginate, crenate, other

lobes

narrower oblong, obtuse; stamens usually

included in

the corolla; nutlets O.5-O.8mm

long,

ovoid,

pilose, pitted,

^tiprounded.

Flowering period:June-September. Common on wet

banks

of

rivers, lakes

^{and streams.}

Distribution:Europe,CentralAsia.

^{Note: The taxon}

is highly

polymorphic

in

size,

leaf

^{structure and} pubescence,

inflorescence

^{size and} structure. Many authors have confused various species,

for

example, Stewart

(1972) listed al1

the specimens of

Mentha in

Pakistanunder two subspecies of ML

longtfotia.

He considered Mentha rayieana to be _{a subspecies} of ML longijblia.

Rechinger (1982)

^separated

^ML

^{rayleana from Ml}

longijbila

^on

differences

incalyx lengthand

leaf

shape. He

described

8varieties of ML

longijblia

from Iran.Among them two _are

also found in

Pakistan.

In

the present^{study we recognize} two new varieties, swatica

Shinwari &

Chaudhri,

and muqcrrrabica

Shinwari

& Chaudhri from Pakistan.

Economic importance: M. Iongijblia (L.)

^{Huds. haslongbeen in}cultivation. It

is

^used

for

^seasoning

(for

green^{cheese) and} isvalued

for its

essentialoil aridits_nectar.

It is

used

in

thepharmacological,^{soap and}

perfume industries; it also

findsapplication

in

confectionety and

liqueur

production.The oilcontains menthol and eugenol, the

latter

hasantisepticand analgesic properties^and

is

used indysentery.

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

The JapaneseSociety for Plant Systematics

100 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. Vol.43

Key to the

varieties la)Leaveslooselycovered with hairs;green.

2a)Leavesovate or ovate lanceolate,2or sometimes 3timeslongerthanwide, recurved.･ ･･1.var. asiatica

2b) Leaveslanceolateor oblong lanceolate,3or sometimes 4to Stimes longerthan wide, often patent,

erect.･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････2.var.atastro-wfI;hanica lb)Leavescovered on bothsides with white or greyishhairs

3a)Leaves3-5 ^{× 1-2}cm, ^{usually short} petiolate;^serrate; fruitingcalyx pink^{or violet,calyxtube}2mm,

teeth1rnm long;nutlets glabrescent.････････････････････････････････････････････････3.^{var. swatica, var. nov,} 3b)Leayessubscssile,1-3 ^×O.S-1cm, subentire; calyx green^or greyincolour, teethusually much shorter

thantube;nutlets hairy.･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････_4.var. muqarrabicq var. nov,

4-1.

var. asiatica

(Boriss.) ^{Rech. f.,}

^{Fl.Iranica150:559(1982).}

Ml czsia,ticaBoriss.,Not. Syst.,Leningrad

16: 280(1954).

Stern 60-80

^cm

long, base

^sparsely

hairy, becoming

^{more hairy}

distally; leaves 4-7

×

1.5-3

cm, upper surface

dark

green,

lower

whitish to grey,^{ovate or ovate}

lanceolate,

recurved;

infiorescence 3-6

cm, calyx

2

mm

long,

with short unequal teeth,^with longwhite

hairs;

stamens exserted; nutlets

e.8

mm

long, pitted

^{ovoid, apex rounded. Common on stony}

soils.

Flowering

_period:

September-October.

Distribution:Iraq,Iran,Alyhanistan,Pakistan,CentralAsia.

Specimensexamined:' Azad Kashrnir:Muzaffarabad, Besan, Shehzad & Ayaz 13J8

(ISL);

^KelKelaKot.,

Shehzad & Ayaz, 829(ISL);North WestFrontierProv.:Hazara, Gabhar ca. 1400m, Shaukat & IViyari5SZ5

(ISL);

^{Naran, ca.2500m; MtiqarrabShah&J.Saqibi07}

(PMNH) (Flowers

^Yellow).

4-2.

^var. austro-afghanica Rech.f.,Fl.Iranica

150: 561 (1982).

Stem

^{50-60 cm}

long, loosely

_puberulous throughout,

branched in

^upper _part;

leaves 2-5

×

O.5-1.5

cm, subsessile, looselyhairy on

both

^sides, _green,^with prominent ^nerves,

lanceolate

or oblong

lanceolate,

^erect;

infiorescence 2-5

^cm,

densely flowered,

verticillasters contiguous, hairy;pedicel

1

^rnm

long;

^calyx

2.5-3

mm

long,

teeth

hairy ±

equalling tube;

corolla 4mm long,

hairy

^outside,

lobes

equal or

longer

than tube; stamens slightly exserted;

nutlets O.7 ^×

O.4

mm, ovoid, pitted,^{tip rounded,} glabrescent.

Flowering

period:July-

September.

Distribution:Afghanistan,Pakistari.

Specimensexamined: North West FrontierProv.:OrakzaiAgency, Kuraiz,HtUlzzulZahdi^Niyar588

(ISL);

Kaddah tirah,Hofzzullah & IVisar684

(ISL);

^{MuTrai, Hduzullah & Nisar567(ISL)}

^(Leaves

^{smaller and}

narrewer); Hazara,Near Forestrest House Naran, labatDar^{et aL S5}

(ISL);

^{Dayai,Shawkat&Nisar}

(ISL);

Kundura, Shawkat&^IVisar8C12

(ISL);

^Lake Saiful-Maluk,Chaudhrietal,1925(ISL);Kaghan, labaiDar et al.

I23

(ISL);

^{SwatDistt.,Shoa Khawar}

(Kalam),

lldeiqarrabShahet al.227

(ISL);

^Gal,ll4deqarnxbShah &

Dilawar 19

(ISL).

4-3.

^var. swatica Shinwari& Chaudhri, ^{yar. noy.}

^Caulis

40

^cm

longus

canescens pubescenti-tomentellus

foliaceus,

^nodis

foliosis. Folia breviter

petiolata.Laminae

3-5

^{× 1-2 cm,} oblongo-lanceolatae, margine serratae, ^apice acutae, supra atrovirentia,

infra

canescentia, utrinque

indumento denso

canescenti vel

albido. Spica

^{4cm longa.}

Pedicelli

^1mm

longi. Calyx fructifero 3

mm

longus,

^{roseus vel}

violaceus,

dentibus 1

mm

longis,

^tubo

2

mm

longo. Corolla

^{4 mrn}

longa,

tubo extus puberulo,lobisintuspilislongisalbidis. Nucula albida ovoidea glabrescens foveolata,

O.7

mm

longa,

apice ^rotundato.

Holotype: North

West Frontier

^Prov.:

Swat District: Gaz,

^{ca 25oo m,}

27.IX.1977,

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

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The JapaneseSociety forPlant Systematics

December 1992 SHINWARI & CHAUDHRI: The Genus Mbntha

in

Pakistan

101 Muqarrab Shah & Dilawar 91 (ISL). (in

^some

^fls.

^{only thecalyx teethare coloured while}

ⁱⁿ

many the whole calyx coloured).

Plants

to

40

cm

long,

with

long

white

hairs;

nodes

densely leafy; leaves densely

^covered

on

both

^{sides with white or} _greyish

hairs,

^sometimes

having

^{a short} _petiole,to

50

mm

long, lamina 3-5

^×

1-2

^{cm, upper surface}

dark

green,

lower

grey,^oblong lanceolate,serrate, acute;

infiorescence

terminal,to4 cm

long;

_pedicel

1

rnm

long; fruiting

calyx pink ^{or violet,} 3mm

long,

tube 2mm, teeth1mm

long,

with

long

white

hairs,

corolla to

4

mm

long,

tube

hairy

outside,

lobes hairy inside, hairs long,

white; nutlets

O.7

^{mm long,white,} ovoid, tip rounded, pitted,glabreseent.Floweringperiod:

September.

Disuibution:Swat.

Other specimens examined: North West FrontierProv. :Swat Dist.,Ushu, ca. 2SOOm, A4tiqarrabShah &

Dilawar 254

(ISL).

Note: This taxon

is

similar to vars. austro-njighanica and muqarrabica,

but

can

be

distinguished_easilyfrom theformer

by

thesizeand hairinessof the plant,hairinessof the

leaves

^{and size and color of} the calyx teeth.

Plants

^{of var.} austro-cijighanica are taller

(usually

^{more than50cm)}

^laxly

puberulousthroughout, and the calyx teeth + equal thetube and are widely

distributed,

specially

in

western

Pakistan. Variety

swatica

is less

than

40

cm tall,the whole planthaslongwhite hairs,

the

calyx teethare 112thetube

in length

and pink

or

violet (specially

^the

^fruiting

^{calyx) and occurs only}

^{in Swat}

^District

(NW

Pakistari).

4-4. var. muqarrabica

Shinwari & Chaudhri,

^yar. noy.

Planta

elata, supra

albido-villosa.

Cauliserectus remosus. Folia1-3 ×

O.3-1

cm, supra atro-virentia,

infra

canescentia, subintegra, pilis

laxis.

Spica4cm

longa.

Pedicelli1-1.5mm

longi,

albo tomentosi.

Dentes

calycis quam tubo

breviores. Corella

4 mm

longa,

albido

pilosa. Stamina exserta. Nucula 1mm longa,oblonga alveolatapilosa.

Holotype: North West FrontierProv.:

Swat district,

Nawe Kali ca. 1200 m, 17.x.1975, Muqarrab Shah, Manzoor Hussain & laved Akhtar 658

(PMNH).

UppeT portion^of plantdenselycovered with longwhite hairs,less

hairy

towards

base, branched

^at thenodes;

leaves

1-3 ^x O,3-1 cm, subentire, upper surface dark green,

lower

surface greyish,

Ioosely hairy;

spike

4

cm

long, pedicel 1-1.5

^{mm, white}

hairy;

^calyx teeth much shorter than tube; corolla 4 mm long,with longwhite

hairs,

starnens much exserted;

nutlets

1

mm

long,

oblong,

lower

_portionwider,pitted,^concave, hairy.Flowering

period:

June-Decernber.

Distribution:Northern & Western Pakistan,

Other Specimensexamined: NorthWestFrontierProv.:KhyberAgency, Sunara,Htuizullah& IVisar843

(ISL);

^{OrakzaiAgency, KakaKhel tirah,Hbfuullah & IVisar}a32

(ISL) (Leaves

^{as var.asiatica);Landakai,}

MtzqarTab Shak diDilawar l831

(ISL);

^{Hazara, Garhi}Habibullah,JinnMbhanimad 310(ISL).

^{Note: Thisvariety}

is

sirnilar to^var. swatica

from

which

it

can

be distinguished

^easily by leafsize and margins, calyx colour, size and characters of nutlets. In variety swatica, the nodes are

densely leafy,

the

leaves

are

3-5

^×

1-2

cm,

densely hairy

and serrate; the calyx is

usually pink^or

violet,

theteethare

112 length

^of tube; the nutlets are

O.7

mm

long,

ovoid and glabrescent.Varietymuqrrabica is

branched

^atthenodes, the

leaves

^are 1-3 ^× O.3-1cm,

loosely

hairy,

subentire, thecalyx

is

_greenor grey^{and theteethare usually much shorter} than thetube.The nutlets are up to 1mm long,oblong and

hairy.

5. Mentha

royleana Benth.

in

Wall.,Pl.Asiat.

Rar., 1:29(1830);

Rechinger

in

Rechinger, Fl.Iranica,150:

566(1982),-ML longijblia

auct. non ML

longijbtia CL.)

^{Huds., Fl.Angl. 221}

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

The JapaneseSociety forPlantSystematics

102

Acta Phytotax.Geobot. Vol.43

(1762): ^{Hedge, In}

^{Notes Royl. Bot. Gard.}

^Edinb.

^28(2):95-103(1968);R.R.

Stewart,

Ann.

Cat.Vas. Pl.Pak. 617(1972).

Perennial

herbs,

with variable

indumentum; leaves

mostly petiolate,^{rarely sessile,}

base

attenuate,

both

sides covered with whitish

hairs

or

becoming discoloured

with age;

inflorescence4-10 _cm long,_{of continueus or} interruptedspikes; calyx

(1)-1.5

^{mm, whitely}

tomentose;_corolla 2.5-3.5mm, yellowish

lilac.

Distribution:E. Alyhanistan,Pakistan,Himalaya and Kashmir.

la)lb)

^{Key to the varieties}

Upper surface of leavesgreen,lowersurface grey,both sides entirely glabrous.･･･2._{var. glabtzl,var. nov.}

Leaveswoolly or with diffeientkindsof hairs,

2a) Entireplantgrayish-tomentose;leaveswhite pubescent^{orvmaous, especiallyon} lowersurface; nerves

indistinct.････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････1.var.rqyleana 2b) Lower ponion ^{of stem slightly} pubescent;leavescovered with grayishhairson bothsurfaces ,

becoming pale^on theundersurface; nerves distinct.

3a)Calyx1.2-1.5inm long,slightlyhairy;floralleavesovate, acuminate, entire, rounded.

････-････-･-･･-･-･--･･･-･･･-･･･-･-･････-･--･･-･･-････-･･-･･---･･･-･･･4.var.tijighanica 3b)Calyx 1.5-1.8mm long,hairy;fioralleaveslinear,subulate, lanceolate.

4a)Plantto 25 ern tal1;denselyleafy;leavesovate; spike wholly interrupted.

･･････････････-････--･--･--･----･---･---･-･--･･･-･･･････････････････････････････3.var.giigitica,var.nov.

4b) Plants40-80cm tall,leaveslanceolate;spike contiguous apically,interruptedat base.

･･･････････････････････････････････-････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････_5.var.detonszr 5-1. var. royleana

Syn.: M sylyestris

^{var. rqyleana}

(Benth.)

^{Hook. fi1.,Fl.Brit.}

^{Ind. 4: 647} (1885).

^-

^ML

longijblia

(L.)

^{Hudson var.} koshmiriana Briquet,Bull.Herb.

Boiss.

^2:

697 (1894).

^Fig.1.

^{Plants80cm tal1,the whole} plantgrayishtomentose;

leaves

subsessile,

1-3

^x

O.5-1.5

cm,

lanceolate,

margins acutely toothed,apex ^acute, basesomewhat cuneate;

lower

surface

densely

woolly, upper surface ^white pubescent,^nerves

indistinct; infiorescence

ofinterrupted spikes

(upper

portioncontiguous) ^up to8cm

long,

^white

pubescent

^{or villous; calyx 1.Smm}

long,

densely hairy;

^corolla

2.5

^mm.

Cornmon

on the

banks

of streams or ^water channels ^{on sandy} or rocky soil.Alt.

1000-3000m. Flowering

period:June-Sep.

Distribution: E. Afghanistari,Pakistan,NW Himalayas and Kashnir.

^{Note: A}

few

specimens share characters of two

different

^varieties,

i.e. Abbottabad Dist., Bharrier, Zabta Kl;an Shinwari,

^Jdmshed

&

Manzoor

560 (PMNH),

^{has leaves}

^like

those of Mentha rofuleana var. rQyleana

but

the

inflorescence is interrupted,

and the

fiowers

are white as

in

^var.

giigitica.

Specimens^{examined: NoTthern Areas Diamar District:}Chilas,^ca. 1300 m, Zubairet al. 67

(ISL);

^Gilgit

District:Jaglot,^{ZabtaKhan Shinwari& Asltfaq}(PMNH); ^{Giigit,ca, 1450m, ML}

4iab

^{& ML .ofzal Z55}

(ISL);

Kargah Nallah,ca. 2000 m, MLIVLChaudhri etaL 22

(ISL);

^{Dinyore,ca. 1450m, Mir}

Aiab

^{diAdLafzal788}

(ISL);

^{JageerBasecn,Zabta Khan ShinwaridiAsiij2Tq1{12}

(PMNH);

^{BaltistariDistrict:Skardu Airportca.}

2600 m, t4.B. K7}an^{et al. 316}

(ISL);

^{Shigarvalley, ca. 2650 m, A.B. Kltanet aL 34}

(ISL);

^Satpara1ake,

MLitijaba ML /ifzal l365

(ISL);

Baluchistan;Pishin. Bet.Kachlakand Kach,Mtiqarrab Shah& PPZrli14"

(ISL);

^{Sibi,Sanjani,A4dnzoor HussainandDilawar 89(ISL);Kach,MkenzoorHtLssainandDilawar 296}

(ISL);

Loralai,

labal

^{Daret aL 40(ISL)J}

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

NII-Electronic Library Service

The 　Japanese 　Soolety 　for 　Plant 　Systematlos

103 SHINWARI ＆ CHAUDHRI

^：

The



Genus



Mentha

m 

Pakistan

December1992

ll

^壅二

_｛ 縣鷺 ^： 17i7k ^数 1 稚 繊 誠 轗 1 ^駄 誰 ^鞘 露 簸鶴 ^鍵

　

　 　 　 　

鞴

躍短

罵

。

轟 遭

∵ 。

薄、

語

饕

誌 瀦 欝

聴

鵡

窩

謡

…

繍

臨

肅 ガ…

譲

∵門

溺

越濤冖

　

灘

韃

錘翼

難歟

diM Afzat78

ー

騨躍

襲

鸛 0・

　 　

蔽

孟ク

覊 響

脚

鼠灘

緬 轡

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蒙

猟 鰯勘 華

慧

撫 燃

藤

ほぽ 　

な　

　

　 な 　

粥冓

隅

臨 謬 鍔

懿

轡

騫 嚢駅 醍

翼薦

竃簿

韃蜂

窰 齪

ま　 　　 　

まみ

　　 恥嬢

脈

韆麟 職伊 呷

羅

鑿廳 　舞

−

奪晦

蕪 照

撚斈 嬲臙 概

撫

ほ　 ゆ

な　 おの ほ

　 　

　 霧

萋

野

螽

薑 罫

器

9

　

　 　

　

臨 甑

臥

器 黷

黼

F

毒晦

騨購 麿輝 酌

購融

鰍 黼

憩臨

藤 鰻

囎線

織贓

懸 鵬

輯驚 厭

碧鷺 輯恥 師聲

嚢廠 韓簿

圏

　　 　　 テな 　ま

お　

セ　

お　

な　 　

　 だ

鐸四

鰍

撫鳳

脚 瓢認

贓擦串

噸 燗

Ψ阪

趨購

篇冊 聲

韃侮 韓

題 凛

み

 

黙 箆

∴・

愚

製

諾

隔

癬

識…

…

細

攤…

驪

航

嬲

羅 羈

講・…、。

蠣

_澗

鰯

…

臨欄

羅

繍… 靆

羈 　

嬲 肇 　 靉 　

鼕

^钁

ルfentha　rayleana 　Benth

_（

M ∠4ノα

5−2．var ．　

g ^匪

^abra

Shlnwar1 ＆ Chaudhr1

，　var ．　nov 。　Fig．2．

　 　　 　 Caulls

　50　cm 　altus _，　glabratus

　Folla

^{petlolo　15mm}

longo _；

1arnina2−

65x1

⁻

2

．5cm _， ovato −

1anceolata

_，　supra 　vlrescent1 _， 1nfra 　canescentl −_virent1

，　

basl

^cuneata ，　marglne 　serrata，

aplce　subacuta

　

^Splca

6

　cm 　

longa

，　vertlclllastrls 　ln

且

me 　remotls 。　Calyx　

17mm



longus

．

Corolla

　35mm 　longa_，　

lobls

^lntegrls ，^{raro 　lnclsls}

Holotype ．

 N 　 Paklstan

：Baltlstan

　

Dlstri（

比

，

　

Toltl

　

Nullah_，

　

M

　

AJab　and 　N ！1

わ

α∬z



2043 （

ISL

_）．

　 　　Plant

^{grabrous，　to}

50

　cm 　tall；

leaves

　petlolate，　

petlole

^to　15mm

long

，　

lamlna

2−65x

1

−2．5cm _，　ovate　

lanceolate

，　upper 　surfacegreen，　

lower

_grey，malgms toothed _，

base

^cuneate ，

apex 　subacute _，皿 fiorescence　

6

^cm

long

，^{splke 　contlguous} ，　

but

the

lower

1−3whor

正

s

distant

_，

N工 工一_{Eleotronlo 　Llbrary}

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

TheJapaneseSocletyfor Plant Systematics

104 Acta Phytotax Geobot Vol 43

2i:l,^l:l Wlfit1

zaza elt :tt t-letl

taff:lIl lmal'ntlnialenv

IIt zalves

n

m t:ttM.IlteF {rem tleet

.l:.l:-

mi sunIlv

laet {-

It L nm

IIIg

matr ml-ItlM#

tll di

l wn

gl: xuwn}imeun}lt mrvlm

a wn nv

jalII-

mtttSl

a enytL te nvta

Inm- gun

= rv ^su

ltzaW

-:l

lllltl Ma:

llww sul l=- trw tSltsu

tr-:' lwvlMsl

nyltletUl wwmllunII

: llnff IIi tlaglI

s lgs -:1

ll lt trw^tt

lelg a

tllll unl=stilnt:^suma:at

-I

wtr l1

l"tll Itr l:ldaie

ttltt

evvlllnfl- :l

tr1llza :re

tt mge{-

t:afft iit:.lw

tr

wm lIS

ls gL l nil

ll v latr ' iml .s':

tlfitsttltiItrnk ta

ltaI S,1;

.a

t l:l

lun-l

t t

: dilt un

sttll ^:

^viltm

tt.di

nyt}:lg-:l:tatelllnt -'l,L

lk':nek:k':

wFig

2 ML rqyleana var glabraShinwan & Chaudhri

(Holotype)

calyx 17mm

long;

corolla to

3 5

mm

long,

^{lobesentare, sometimes one ofthe lobesnotched.}

Fl. Penod: June-July. Common

^{near water in stony soils Alt 2000-3500 m}

Distmbutlon Endemic in Baltlstan

(Pakistan)

OtherSpecimens exarnmed Northem Areas BaltistanDist, Satparalake,12VII 1980,MN Chaudhnetat 525

(ISL),

^{KarisgarhNallah,M AJab & NAbassi 1361(ISL),Toltivillage,ca 3300m,MAIab &M}

4ialal

2136

(ISL)

Note

^Varietyglabra^{is related} tothetype variety of thisspecies,

but

isglabrous,^while

var rop,leana is

densely

^{woolly Moreover, m var} glabra^the

leaves

^are _petiolate^{while in} the

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

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TheJapaneseSocletyfor PlantSystematlcs

December1992SHINWARI

& CHAUDHRI-The

Genus dentha m Pakistan

105

Flg 3 M rop,leanavargiigihca Shmwari& Chaudhri

CHolotype)

typicalvariety

E Afghanistan Pakistan

the

leavesare subsessile. The type variety to western and rw

Pakistan

^while varis

widely

glabra isdistnbuted

from Iran,

endemic m Northern

5-3

^var

gilgitica

^{Shmwari and}

Chaudhri,

^yar. noy. Fig

3

^{Caulis 25}

^crn

^altus

^{sparce remosus gracihsvillosus,} internodiis brevibus,nodis

foliosis

Foha

O 5-1 ×

1-2

5 cm, ovata, sessiha, supra virescentia, infra

albido-villoso-pubescentia,