⡿ᅜᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨ ➉㔝㈗Ꮚ ࡣࡌࡵ ᮏ✏ࡣࠊᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢᨻⓗ㐣ᑠ௦⾲ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢ⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅㛫ࡢᕪ ␗╔┠ࡍࡿࠋᚑ᮶ࠊዪᛶࡣࠕఏ⤫ⓗ࡞㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠖࡽእࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㐃㑥࣭ᕞࣞ࣋ࣝࡑࢀࡒࢀ࠾࠸࡚ࠊዪᛶ≉ࡋࡓᨭᅋయࡼࡿᨭࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ᖺ௦ධࡾࠊዪᛶࡢᨻཧຍࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ♫⎔ቃࡣኚࡋࠊࡼࡾከࡃࡢዪᛶࡀᕞ㆟ ཧධࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ୍ぢࡍࡿዪᛶࡣ≉ู࡞ᨭࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶᙜ㑅ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡗࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋᐇ㝿ࡣࠊ౫↛ࡋ࡚⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㛫࡛㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⌮⏤ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᨻඪู㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢᨭࡢᕪࡸࠊᣮᡓ⪅ዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡀከ࠸ࡇࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ዪᛶࡢᨻⓗ㐣ᑠ௦⾲ࡢゎᾘྥࡅ࡚ࡣࠊᚋࡶࠊ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ᨭᅋయࡢᨭࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨ ᖺ⌧ᅾࡢࠊ⡿ᅜࡢᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨᩘࡣ ྡࢆグ㘓ࡋࠊ⡿ᅜᕞ㆟ࡢ㐣ཤ᭱㧗Ỉ ‽㐩ࡋࡓࠋ㐣ཤࡢグ㘓ࡉࡢࡰࡿࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ⡿ᅜ࡛᭱ึࡢዪᛶ㆟ဨᛮࢃࢀࡿ ᖺࡢ ྡ ࡢ㆟ဨࡽጞࡲࡗࡓ⡿ࡢᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢᩘࡣࠊ ᱆ࡽ ᱆ᚎࠎቑຍࡋࠊ ᖺࡢዪᛶཧᨻᶒ⋓ᚓᚋࡢ ᖺࡣึࡵ࡚ ᱆ࡢ ྡࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽᑡࡋࡎࡘቑຍࡋࠊ➨ Ἴࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ᮇࡢ ᖺࡣ ྡࠊࡑࡋ࡚ ᖺࠕዪᛶࡢᖺ㸦7KH<HDURIWKH:RPDQ㸧ࠖ௨㝆 ࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ ྡࡢዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡀᕞ㆟࠾࠸࡚ᙜ㑅ࢆᯝࡓࡋࠊࡑࡢቑຍഴྥࡣ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛⥆࠸࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊࡉࡁࡢᩘ್ࢆࠊᕞ㆟㆟ဨయࡢ୰࠾ࡅࡿྜ࡛ࡳ࡚ࡳࡿࠊࡑࡢㄢ㢟ࡀぢ࠼࡚ ࡃࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ᖺࡣ 㸣ࠊ ᖺ௦࡛⣙ 㸣ࠊ ᖺ࡛ࡶ⣙ 㸣ࡢྜࡲࡗ࡚ ࠾ࡾࠊዪᛶࡢᨻⓗ㐣ᑠ௦⾲ࡢ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡿ㸦ᒓ㈨ᩱཧ↷㸧ࠋࡲࡓᕞࡈࡶዪ ᛶ㆟ဨྜࡣᕪࡀ࠶ࡾࠊୖࡢࢿࣂࢲᕞࡣ 㸣ࠊୗࡢ࢙࢘ࢫࢺࣂ࣮ࢪࢽᕞ࡛ࡣ 㸣࡛࠶ࡿ 㸦ᒓ㈨ᩱཧ↷㸧ࠋࡲࡓඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡶࠊዪᛶࡀᨻⓗ㐍ฟࢆ༑ศ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ⎔ቃ࡙ࡃࡾࡣࡲࡔㄢ 㢟ࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᣦࡍࡿ◊✲ࡶከ࠸ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࢧ࣐ࣥ࣎ࣥࢶ㸦㸧ࡸ࣮࣍࢞ࣥ㸦㸧ࡢㄽᩥ ࡛ࡣࠊ౫↛ࡋ࡚ዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢᕞ㆟༨ࡵࡿྜࡀయࡢ࠾ࡼࡑ㸲ศࡢ㸯࡛࠶ࡿ≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ
(OL]DEHWK0&R[Women State and Territorial Legislators, 1895-1S995 1RUWK&DUROLQD 0F)DUODQG
6XVDQ$0DF0DQXV³9RWHU3DUWLFLSDWLRQDQG7XUQRXW ,W¶VD1HZ*DPH´LQGender and Politics, HG6XVDQ-&DUROODQG 5LFKDUG/)R[ 1HZ<RUN &DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV ஂಖᩥ᫂ࠕ⦾ᰤᜍៃ࣓ࠖࠗࣜ࢝ᨻྐ࠘㸦᭷ᩫ 㛶ࠊ ᖺ ࠋࡲࡓࠊዪᛶཧᨻᶒ⋓ᚓᚋ௨㝆ࡢࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒㐠ືࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᰩཎ㸦㸧ࡶཧ↷㸦ᰩཎᾴᏊ ࣓ࠗࣜ࢝ࡢࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒㐠ືྐ㸸ዪᛶཧᨻᶒࡽᖹ➼᠇ἲಟṇ᮲㡯࠘>ᙬὶ♫ࠊ ᖺ@㸧ࠋ
ୡ⣖࠾࠸࡚ࡶዪᛶࡀᨻⓗ㐣ᑡ௦⾲࡛࠶ࡿ 㸦͆XQGHUUHSUHVHQWHG´㸧ࠖᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓᕷᨻ ࢆ◊✲ࡋࡓࢲ࣒ࢬࣟࣥࢽ࣮ࡢ ᖺࡢ◊✲࡛ࡶࠊ㐃㑥࣭ᕞ࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢ⌧≧ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ 㐃㑥ᕞࠊ୧᪉ࡢ㆟࠾࠸࡚ࠊዪᛶࡣᨻⓗ㐣ᑡ௦⾲࡛࠶ࡿ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡽࠊዪᛶࡢᨻཧຍྜࡣࠊ ᖺ௦ẚ㍑ࡋቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ⡿ࡢ⏨ዪูேཱྀẚ ⋡ࢆᫎࡉࡏ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊዪᛶࡢᨻⓗ㐣ᑠ௦⾲ࡢඞ᭹ࡣࠊᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⡿ᅜࡢ ⏨ዪูࡢேཱྀẚ⋡ࡣዪᛶࡀ⏨ᛶࢆᩘࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺୖᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊୖグࡳࡽࢀࡿ࠾ ࡾࠊ⡿ࡢᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ዪࡢ㆟ဨẚ⋡ࡣ⏨ᛶࡀዪᛶࢆᅽಽⓗୖᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋዪᛶ㆟ဨቑຍࡣࠊ ዪᛶᑐࡍࡿᭀຊࡽࡢಖㆤࠊᏊࡶ⚟♴ᅋయࢆ㏻ࡌࡓධᨭ➼ࡢᨻ⟇ࡸዪᛶࡢᨻཧຍᑐࡍ ࡿព㆑ࠊṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊዪᛶࡢᨻཧຍࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ♫ⓗၥ㢟 ࡢゎỴࡶ㈉⊩ࡍࡿᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ≉ᕞ㆟ࢆศᯒᑐ㇟ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡣḟࡢ Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨୍ࠊᕞ㆟ࡣࠊᩍ⫱ࡸ⚟♴ᨻ⟇㌟㏆ ࡞ᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊྜ⾗ᅜ᠇ἲࡼࡾᕞ㆟ࡣᩍ⫱ࡸ♫⚟♴࡞ᕷẸࡢ⏕άᐦ╔ࡋࡓබ ඹᨻ⟇ࡢỴᐃᶵ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢᶒ㝈ࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢቑຍࡼࡾࠊዪᛶᑐࡍࡿ ᭀຊࡽࡢಖㆤࡸᏊࡶ⚟♴ᅋయࢆ㏻ࡌࡓධᨭ➼ࠊᕷẸࡢ⏕άࡼࡾ㌟㏆࡞ㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴࡸࡑࡢ ྥୖ㈉⊩ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ➨ࠊᕞࡢ㆟ဨ╔௵ࡋࡓᚋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡉࡽ㐃㑥㆟ࡸ⤫㡿࡞ ࡢࡼࡾ㧗࠸ᨻⓗබ⫋ᑵࡃ㐨ࡶ㛤ࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᕞࣞ࣋ࣝࡢዪᛶࡢᨻⓗ㐣ᑠ௦⾲ࡢゎỴ ࡣࠊࡢࡕࠊ㐃㑥ࣞ࣋ࣝ࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢᨻⓗ㐣ᑠ௦⾲ࡢゎỴࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ➨୕ࠊᕞ㆟ࡈዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊẚ㍑᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡼࡾࠊዪᛶ㆟ဨ ࡢᙜ㑅ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ᕞࡢഴྥࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ⡿ᅜᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨ࡞ࡽࡧዪᛶೃ⿵⪅╔┠ࡋࠊࡑࡢᨻⓗ㐣ᑠ௦ ⾲ࡢせᅉࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴྥࡅࡓᡭࡀࡾࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ≉ࠊ㑅 ᣲ࠾ࡅࡿ㈨㔠ዪᛶೃ⿵⪅╔┠ࡍࡿࡶࠊᕞ㆟ࡈࡢ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢ⌧≧ࡶ᳨ウࡍ ࡿࠋ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࡲࡎࠊ㑅ᣲ࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢᙜ㑅せᅉࡘ࠸࡚ඛ⾜◊✲ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋḟࠊᙜ㑅せ
.LUD6DQERQPDWVX³3ROLWLFDO3DUWLHVDQGWKH5HFUXLWPHQWRI:RPHQWR6WDWH/HJLVODWXUHV´ The Journal of PoliticsQR
KWWSV ZZZMVWRURUJVWDEOH 5REHUW+RJDQ³7KH(IIHFWVRI&DQGLGDWH*HQGHURQ&DPSDLJQ6SHQGLQJLQ 6WDWH/HJLVODWLYH(OHFWLRQV´Social Science QuarterlyQR M [
%ULDQ($GDPVDQG5RQQHH6FKUHLEHU³*HQGHU&DPSDLJQ)LQDQFHDQG(OHFWRUDO6XFFHVVLQ0XQLFLSDO(OHFWLRQV´Journal of Urban Affairs QR
$P\&DLD]]D³'RHV:RPHQV5HSUHVHQWDWLRQLQ(OHFWHG2IILFH/HDGWR:RPHQ)ULHQGO\3ROLF\㸽$QDO\VLVRI6WDWH/HYHO'DWD´ Women and Politics QR
ཧ⪃㸸┦ෆ┿Ꮚࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿࠗዪᛶᨻ࠘㸸ᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ௦⾲ࢆ୰ᚰࠖࠗἲᏛㄽ㞟࠘➨
ᕳ ྕ㸦 ᖺ ᭶㸧㸸 ࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊᕞ࣭㐃㑥୧㆟࠾࠸࡚ࠕዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢቑຍࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ᨻ⟇ຠᯝࢆࡘࡃࡾࡔࡍࠖࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓᩥ⊩ࡋ࡚ࠊḟ
ࡢᩥ⊩ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸸ྜྷ㔝Ꮥࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ᨻᏛ࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢ◊✲㸸ዪᛶ㆟ဨᩘࡢቑຍࡑࡢຠᯝࢆ୰ᚰ ࠖࠗ᪩✄⏣Ꮫᨻ⤒῭Ꮫ㞧ㄅ࠘➨ ྕ㸦 ᖺ㸧ࠋ
.LUD6DQERQPDWVX³:KHUH'R:RPHQ5XQ":KHUH'R:RPHQ:LQ"´LQGender and Elections: Shaping the Future of American Politics, HG6XVDQ-&DUUROODQG5LFKDUG/)R[ 1HZ<RUN &DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
ᅉࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚ࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠╔┠ࡋࠊඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ ᖺ௦⌧ᅾ࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ዪೃ ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢ≧ἣࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡓࡵࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࢆసᡂࡋࠊグ㏙⤫ィࡼࡿ⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅ࡢ 㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢ⌧≧ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡶࠊዪᛶᨭᅋయࡼࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ศᯒࡋࡓᕞࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡘ ᖺᗘ㸦ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗᐇᖺ㸧⡿ࡢᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ ဨྜ࡛ ࡞ࡗࡓࠊࣜࢰࢼᕞࡢᕞ㆟ࡢዪᛶ㆟ဨࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆᐇࡋࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࢆࡵࡄ ࡿ⌧ሙࡢኌࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ᭱ᚋࠊᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ඛ⾜◊✲ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⡿ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢᨻཧຍࡘ࠸࡚ࡣከᩘࡢ◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ≉ࠊ ⡿ᅜࡢ㑅ᣲ࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢᙜ㑅せᅉ╔┠ࡋࡓඛ⾜◊✲ࡣḟࡢ Ⅼศࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ➨୍ࠊ㑅ᣲไᗘせᅉ㸸ࡑࡢᕞ㸦ᆅ༊㸧ࡀ㸯ே༊ไ」ᩘே༊ไ㸦࢟ࣥࢢ 㸹 ࣃࢵࢺࣖࢾࢫ ࢧ࣐ࣥ࣎ࣥࢶ㸧ࠊ➨ࠊ♫⤒῭ⓗせᅉ㸸ࡑࡢᕞࡢᡤᚓ࣭ᩍ⫱ࣞ ࣋ࣝ㸦࢝ࣔࣈࣞࢥࣂࣝࢿࣟ ࣀࣛࣥࢲ࣮࢘ࣝࢥࢵࢡࢫ ࠊ➨୕ࠊᨻᩥせᅉ㸸 ࡑࡢᕞࡀ㛢㙐ⓗ㛤ᨺⓗࠊඪࡢ᪉㔪ࡼࡿࡶࡢ㸦ࢧ࣐ࣥ࣎ࣥࢶ ࢚ࣝࢲ࣮㸧ࠊ➨ᅄࠊ ೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㈨※࣭㉁ⓗせᅉ㸸ࡑࡢೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࠊ⌧⫋࠺㸦ࢲ࣒ࢬࣟࣥࢽ࣮㸹࣍ ࣮࢞ࣥ 㸹ࢪ࢙ࢥࣈࢯࣥ 㸹ࢪ࣮ࣕࣂ࣮ ࣮࣎ࣀ࣮㸧ࠊ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ➨୍ࡽ ➨㸯ࡢせᅉࠊ㸯ே༊ไ」ᩘே༊ไ╔┠ࡋࡓ㑅ᣲไᗘせᅉࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࢟ࣥࢢࡢ◊✲ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ ᯝࠊ」ᩘே༊ไࡽ㸯ே༊ไ⛣⾜ࡋࡓᕞ࡛ࡣዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢᩘࡀῶᑡࡋࡓࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸦-DPHV'.LQJ ³6LQJOH0HPEHU'LVWULFWVDQGWKH5HSUHVHQWDWLRQRI:RPHQLQ$PHULFDQ6WDWH/HJLVODWXUHV 7KH(IIHFWVRI(OHFWRUDO6\VWHP &KDQJH´State Politics & Policy QuarterlyQR>@ KWWSV GRLRUJ㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊࣃ ࢵࢺࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣛࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ ᖺࡽ ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢᕞ㆟㆟ဨ㑅ᣲࢆศᯒࡋࠊ」ᩘே༊ไࡀዪᛶೃ ⿵⪅ࡢ❧ೃ⿵ᙜ㑅☜⋡ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸦1LFKRODV3\HDWWDQG$OL[DQGUD%<DQXV͆6KDWWHULQJ WKH0DUEOH&HLOLQJ $5HVHDUFK1RWHRQ:RPHQ̺)ULHQGO\6WDWH/HJLVODWLYH'LVWULFWV͇Social Science Quarterly QR>@ GRL VVTX 㸧ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢧ࣐ࣥ࣎ࣥࢶࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ」ᩘே༊ไࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㑅ᣲ༊ࡢ᪉ࡀ㸯ே༊ไ ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㑅ᣲ༊ࡼࡾࡶዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢᩘࡀከ࠸ࡇࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦6DQERQPDWVX³:KHUH'R:RPHQ5XQ" :KHUH'R:RPHQ:LQ"´㸧ࠋ
➨㸰ࡢせᅉࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࡑࡢᕞࡢᡤᚓ࣭ᩍ⫱ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡞௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿ♫⤒῭ⓗせᅉࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢥࣔࣈࣞࢥࣂࣝࢿ ࣟࡢ◊✲ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ 㸦-RKQ)&DPREUHFRDQG0LFKHOOH$%DUQHOOR³3RVWPDWHULDOLVPDQG3RVW,QGXVWULDOLVP &XOWXUDO ,QIOXHQFHVRQ)HPDOH5HSUHVHQWDWLRQLQ6WDWH/HJLVODWXUHV´State Politics & Policy Quarterly QR>@ KWWSV GRLRUJ㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊࣀࣛࣥࢲ࣮࢘ࣝࢥࢵࢡࢫࡣࠊᏛࢆ༞ᴗࡋࡓዪᛶࡢ᭷ᶒ⪅ ࡢከ࠸ᕞ࡛ࠊ≉Ẹඪࡢዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜࡀࡢᕞࡼࡾࡶከ࠸ࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ 㸦%DUEDUD1RUUDQGHUDQG:LOFR[ &O\GH³7UHQGVLQWKH*HRJUDSK\RI:RPHQLQWKH866WDWH/HJLVODWXUHV´LQWomen and Elective Office: Past, Present, and Future, HG6XH7KRPDVDQG:LOFR[&O\GHUGHG>1HZ<RUN 2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV@㸧ࠋ
➨㸱ࡢࠊࡑࡢᕞࡀ㛢㙐ⓗ㛤ᨺⓗ㸦ಖᏲࣜ࣋ࣛࣝ㸧ࡸඪࡢ᪉㔪࠸࠺ᨻᩥせᅉࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢧ࣐ࣥ࣎ࣥࢶࡸ ࢚ࣝࢲ࣮ࡢ◊✲ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸦6DQERQPDWVX³3ROLWLFDO3DUWLHVDQGWKH5HFUXLWPHQWRI:RPHQWR6WDWH/HJLVODWXUHV´ 㸧ࠋ࢚ࣝࢲ࣮ࡣẸඪඹඪࡼࡿඪ⦅ࠊ≉ዪᛶࡗ࡚ࡢ㐺ษ࡞ᙺࢆᕠࡗࡓࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ᇶ࡙࠸ ࡓ⦅ࡀࠊඪࡢዪᛶࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸦/DXUHO(OGHU³&RQWUDVWLQJ3DUW\
➨୕ࡢせᅉࡣไᗘⓗ࡞せᅉࡋ࡚༊ศ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕไᗘⓗ࡞せᅉ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊእ㒊ࡢᨻ⎔ቃ ࡸᨻไᗘ➼ࡢኚࡼࡿዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢᙜ㑅ࡢṇࡢᙳ㡪ࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࡉࡽྠࡌᕞ ไᗘࡢせᅉࡢࡶ࡛ࡣࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ೃ⿵⪅ࡀᙜ㑅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊೃ⿵⪅ಶே༢╔┠ࡋࠊೃ⿵⪅ಶேࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡀᚓ⚊⋡ࢆቑຍࡉࡏ ࡿせᅉࡋ࡚ࡽ࠼ࠊ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠╔┠ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣዪᛶࡀࠕఏ⤫ⓗ ࡞㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸦WKHWUDGLWLRQDOSDUW\DQGIXQGUDLVLQJQHWZRUNV㸧ࠖࡽእࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇࡀᣦࡉ ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ౫↛ࡋ࡚⏨ዪࡢೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㛫ᕪࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢ࠺ࠊࡲࡓᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡋࡓࡽࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ ࠋ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ᖺ௦ࡢ㑅ᣲ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㠃࡛⏨ዪᕪࡀ౫↛ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡢࡘ࠸᳨࡚ ウࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࡑࡢ๓ẁ㝵ࡋ࡚ࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢቑຍࡀᯝࡓࡋ࡚ᙜ㑅☜⋡ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡢ࠺ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ඛ⾜◊✲ᇶ࡙ࡁ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ ࡲࡎࠊೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ᙜ㑅㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡣࠊ࣏ࢫࢺᐇド⩏❧ࡘ㔞ⓗ◊✲ࠊᵓᡂ ⩏❧ࡘ㉁ⓗ◊✲ࡢ᪉࠾࠸࡚ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ከࡃࡢ✚ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᚑ᮶୧⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣࣃࣛࢲ࣒ㄽதࢆ ࡵࡄࡾάⓎ࡞㆟ㄽࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋࡋ㏆ᖺࠊࡇࡢ㡯ᑐ❧ⓗ࡞ㄽதࢆ㉺࠼࡚ᥦၐࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢࡀࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒ࢆᇶ┙ࡍࡿࠊࠕ୧❧ྍ⬟ᛶㄽ㸦FRPSDWLELOLW\WKHVLV㸧࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠕΰྜ◊✲ἲ㸦0L[HG 0HWKRG5HVHDUFK 005㸧࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡶࡇࡢ005 ࡢほⅬᇶ࡙ࡁࠊඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ᳨ウࠊグ㏙⤫ィࠊ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࠊ௬ㄝ⏕ᡂࢆ㏻ࡌࠊΰྜ◊✲ἲⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆࡵࡊࡍࠋ ೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ᙜ㑅ࢆࡵࡄࡿ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊձ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢቑຍࡀᙜ㑅᭷ാࡃࡍࡿ◊✲ࠊ ղ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢቑຍࡀᚓ⚊⋡ࡢቑຍ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊೃ⿵⪅ࡈࡢ≧ἣ౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡍ ࡿ◊✲ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ➨୍ࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡀከ࠸ࠊᙜ㑅᭷ാࡃศᯒࡋࡓ◊✲ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢲ࣒ࢬࣟࣥࢽ࣮ ࣮࣍࢞ࣥ 㸧ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢቑຍࡣᚓ⚊⋡ቑຍᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊೃ⿵⪅ࡣ㞟ࡵࡓ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࢆᐉఏࡸᗈ࿌㈝➼࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࡑࡢศ᭷ᶒ⪅ᑐ ࡋ⮬ࡽࡢᨻ⟇ࢆッ࠼ࡅࡓࡾࠊ▱ྡᗘࢆୖࡆࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࠋ≉࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ࣓ࢹ ᨻ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㑅ᣲࢥ࣐࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢆὶࡍ㈨㔠ຊࡀ࠶ࡿೃ⿵ࡀ᭷࡛࠶ࡿࡉࢀࡿࠋ ୖグࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡽࡣࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢቑຍࡀೃ⿵⪅ࡢᚓ⚊⋡ቑຍࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ '\QDPLFV $7KUHH'HFDGH$QDO\VLVRIWKH5HSUHVHQWDWLRQRI'HPRFUDWLF9HUVXV5HSXEOLFDQ:RPHQ6WDWH/HJLVODWRUV´The Social Science Journal QR>@ KWWSV GRLRUJMVRVFLM㸧ࠋ
3HWHU/)UDQFLDDQG3DXO6+HUUQVRQ³7KH,PSDFWRI3XEOLF)LQDQFH/DZVRQ)XQGUDLVLQJLQ6WDWH/HJLVODWLYH(OHFWLRQV´ American Politics ResearchQR KWWSV GRLRUJ; 'DYLG/:LOWVH ³6XEVLGL]LQJ(TXDOLW\ )HPDOH&DQGLGDWH(PHUJHQFHDQG&OHDQ(OHFWLRQV´Election Law Journal GRL HOM
ཧ⪃㸸ᢪᑦᏊࠗΰྜ◊✲ἲධ㛛㸸㉁㔞ࡼࡿ⤫ྜࡢ࣮ࢺ࠘㸦་Ꮫ᭩㝔ࠊ ᖺ㸧㸸 㡫ࠋ $GDPVDQG6FKUHLEHU³*HQGHU&DPSDLJQ)LQDQFHDQG(OHFWRUDO6XFFHVVLQ0XQLFLSDO(OHFWLRQV´ 5REHUW+RJDQ
³&DQGLGDWH*HQGHUDQG9RWHU6XSSRUWLQ6WDWH/HJLVODWLYH(OHFWLRQV´ Jounal of Women, Politics & PolicyQR KWWSV GRLRUJ
⣽㔝㇏ᶞࠕ㑅ᣲ࣭ୡㄽ࣭࣓ࢹࠖஂಖᩥ᫂⦅࣓ࠗࣜ࢝ࡢᨻ࠘㸦ᘯᩥᇽࠊ ᖺ㸧ࠊ㸹⸨ᮏ୍⨾࣓ࠗࣜ࢝
ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡸᨭᅋయࡶೃ⿵⪅ࡼࡿᙜ㑅ᚋࡢᨻ⟇ᐇ⌧ᑐࡋᮇᚅࢆࡅ࡚ࠊ✚ ᴟⓗ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ቑ㢠ྥࡅࡓάືࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࢆࡵࡄࡿάືࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࣓ࣜ ࢝ࡢ⮬⏤⩏ࡢཎ๎ࡽࡍࡿࠊᨭᣢࡍࡿᨻᐙ⊩㔠ࡋࠊࡑࡢάືࢆᨭࡍࡿࡇࡣၥ㢟ࡣ࠸ ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢάືࡣࡶࡍࢀࡤࠊᨻ⊩㔠ࡢぢ㏉ࡾࡋ࡚≉ᐃࡢ┈ࡢࡓࡵᨻࡀື ࡃࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡡࡎࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡣࠊẸ⩏ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡋ࡚ዲࡲࡋ࠸ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡇ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ㔠ᶒᨻࡢᏳࡣไᗘࡶᫎࡉࢀࠊ ᖺࡣ࢛࣮࢘ࢱ࣮ࢤ࣮ࢺ௳ࢆ⫼ ᬒつᶍ࡞㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ἲᨵṇࡀไᐃࡉࢀࠊつᶍ࡞⤒῭ⓗᶒ┈ࡀᨻᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇつไࡀ ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢቑຍࡀ㑅ᣲ⤖ᯝᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿ᪉࡛ࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࢆቑ 㢠ࡋࡓೃ⿵⪅ࡀ↓᮲௳ᙜ㑅㏆࡙ࡃࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢೃ⿵⪅ࡢ≧ἣࡼࡾᡓ␎ࡀኚࢃࡿࡍࡿ◊ ✲ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡀ㑅ᣲ⤖ᯝ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢቑ㢠ࡀຠᯝⓗ ᚓ⚊⤖ࡧࡘࡃ࠺ࡣೃ⿵⪅ࡈࡢ≉ᛶࡸ≧ἣࢆ㚷ࡳࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿᙇࡍࡿ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ලయⓗࡣࠊࢪ࢙ࢥࣈࢯࣥࡸࣃࢼࢦࣃ࢘ࣝࢫࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢೃ⿵⪅ࡀ⌧⫋࠺ࡸࠊ㑅ᣲᮇ 㛫➼ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡀ㑅ᣲ⤖ᯝ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡣኚࢃࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ≉ࡇࡇ࡛╔┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࡀࠊࡑࡢೃ⿵⪅ࡀ⌧⫋ᣮᡓ⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡀᚓ⚊⋡ ࠼ࡿຠᯝࡀ␗࡞ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉㑅᭷ࡉࢀࡿ⌧⫋ࡼࡾࡶࠊᣮᡓ⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠 ࡢቑ㢠ࡀᚓ⚊⋡࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀࡁ࠸ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⌧⫋ࡼࡾࡶᣮᡓ⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢ༨ࡵ ࡿྜࡀࡁ࠸ࡇࡽࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡼࡿᣮᡓ⪅ࡢᨭࡣࠊዪᛶࡢᨻཧຍࢆ㧗ࡵࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ ࡿࡶࠊዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢቑຍࡶ㈉⊩ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋୗ㝔ࡢ㑅ᣲࢆศᯒࡋࡓࢪ࢙ࢥࣈࢯࣥ 㸦 㸧ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢቑຍࡣ⌧⫋ࡼࡾࡶᣮᡓ⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀࠊࡁ࡞ᚓ⚊⋡ቑຍࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡇ ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᣮᡓ⪅ᑐࡋ࡚㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ᨭࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿᙇࡍࡿࠋ ᪉࡛ࢪ࣮ࣕࣂ࣮㸦 㸧ࡣࠊୖ㝔ࡢ㑅ᣲࢆศᯒࡋࠊ⌧⫋ᣮᡓ⪅࡛ࡣࠊ⌧⫋ࡢ㑅ᣲᨭฟ㢠ࡢቑ ຍࡢ᪉ࡀࠊᣮᡓ⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲᨭฟ㢠ࡀቑ࠼ࡓሙྜࡼࡾࡶࠊ㑅ᣲ⤖ᯝ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀࡁ࠸ࡇࢆ᫂ࡽ ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᣮᡓ⪅㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ቑຍࡢᨭࢆ⾜࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊ⌧⫋ೃ⿵ࡢ㈨㔠ࡢᨭฟ㢠ᑐࡋࠊไᗘ ࡼࡿୖ㝈ࢆタࡅࡿࡇࡢ᪉ࡀࠊᣮᡓ⪅ࡢᙜ㑅☜⋡ࢆୖࡆࡿࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡿᙇࡋࡓ ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᕞ ὠ␃㸦ᕝ㸧ᬛᜨᏊࠕ┈ᅋయ㐠ືࠖஂಖᩥ᫂⦅࣓ࠗࣜ࢝ᨻ࠘㸦ᘯᩥᇽࠊ ᖺ㸧ࠊ )UDQN-6RUDXI Inside Campaign Finance: Myths and Realities 1HZ<RUN <DOH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
ὠ␃㸦ᕝ㸧ࠊ๓ᥖㄽᩥࠊ 㡫ࠋ ྠୖㄽᩥࠋ
*DU\&-DFREVRQ³&DPSDLJQ6SHQGLQJ(IIHFWVLQ866HQDWH(OHFWLRQV (YLGHQFHIURPWKH1DWLRQDO$QQHQEHUJ(OHFWLRQ
6XUYH\´Electoral StudiesQR KWWSV GRLRUJMHOHFWVWXG &RVWDV3DQDJRSRXORV &RVWDV³&DPSDLJQ'XUDWLRQDQG(OHFWLRQ2XWFRPHV´Politics and Governance QR GRL SDJYL
⌧⫋ࡼࡾࡶᣮᡓ⪅ዪᛶࡀከ࠸ࡇࡣḟࡢᩥ⊩ࢆཧ↷ࠋ㸸6DQERQPDWVX³:KHUH'R:RPHQ5XQ":KHUH'R:RPHQ
:LQ"´
*DU\-DFREVRQ³7KH(IIHFWVRI&DPSDLJQ6SHQGLQJLQ+RXVH(OHFWLRQV 1HZ(YLGHQFHIRU2OG$UJXPHQW´American Journal of Political Science QR 0D\
$ODQ*HUEHU³(VWLPDWLQJWKH(IIHFWRI&DPSDLJQ6SHQGLQJRQ6HQDWH(OHFWLRQ2XWFRPHV8VLQJ,QVWUXPHQWDO9DULDEOHV´ American Political Science Review QR -XQH
ࡢ᭱㧗ุᡤࡢ㑅ᣲࢆศᯒࡋࡓ࣮࣎ࣀ࣮㸦㸧ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡶࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࣂ࣮ྠᵝࠊᣮᡓ⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ ㈨㔠ᨭฟ㢠ࡸࠊ⌧⫋ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ᨭฟ㢠ᑐࡋୖ㝈ࢆタࡅࡿࡇࡀຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୖグࡢ㏻ࡾࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡀᙜ㑅࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇࡽࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢቑ㢠ࡣ㑅ᣲ ⤖ᯝᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡿ᪉࡛ࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ቑຍࡀຠᯝⓗᚓ⚊ ⋡ቑຍᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿ࠺ࡣࠊೃ⿵⪅ࡢ≧ἣࡼࡾ␗࡞ࡿᣦࡍࡿ◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗ ࡓࠋ 2-1 ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢᢈุⓗ᳨ウ ୖグ᳨࡛ウࡋࡓඛ⾜◊✲ࡣ ᖺ௦ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶከࡃࠊ ᖺ௦⌧ᅾ࠾ࡅ ࡿ⌧≧ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᨵࡵ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢቑຍࡀᙜ㑅ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿ ࡢࠊ࠸࠺Ⅼࡘ࠸᳨࡚ドࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊᕞ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝẚ㍑ࡋࡓሙྜࠊไᗘⓗ㐪࠸ࡼࡾዪᛶ㆟ ဨࡢྜࡢᕪࡀࠊ ᖺ௦⌧ᅾ࠾࠸࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡢ࠺ࠊࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ೃ⿵⪅ಶே╔ ┠ࡋࠊ⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢᐇែࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㛫࡛㑅ᣲ㈨㔠 ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠺ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡢ⌧≧ࡢᴫせࡶࠊ⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㛫㑅ᣲ㈨ 㔠ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࠊ࠸࠺Ⅼࢆ୰ᚰグ㏙⤫ィ࡞ࡽࡧࡑࡢ⪃ᐹࡼࡾࠊ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ ᖺ ௦ࡢዪᛶ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢືྥࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡶࠊᕞูࡢ⏨ዪ㆟ဨྜࡢ⌧ ≧ࡶࠊ⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠≧ἣࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋศᯒᑐ㇟ࡣࠊ ᖺ௦⌧ᅾ࠾ࡅࡿ⡿ᅜᕞ㆟ ୗ㝔㆟ဨ㑅ᣲࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ≉ ᖺ࣭ ᖺ࣭ ᖺࡢ㑅ᣲᖺ࠾ࡅࡿྛᕞ㆟ࡢୗ㝔㆟ဨᮏ㑅 ᣲࢆศᯒࡍࡿࠋ ࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ ᮏ✏࡛ศᯒࡍࡿ㑅ᣲࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡢヲ⣽ࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ㑅ᣲࡣᕞ㆟ୗ㝔㆟ဨᮏ㑅 ᣲࠊ㑅ᣲᖺࡣ ᖺࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺࡢ ࢧࢡࣝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋศᯒᑐ㇟ࡍࡿᕞࡣࠊཎ๎ࡋ ୍࡚ே༊ไࡢᕞ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡘ୍㝔ไࡢᕞࢆ㝖࠸ࡓḟࡢᕞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊೃ⿵⪅ࡢᡤᒓᨻඪࡣẸඪ ඹඪࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠋ ࣛࢫ࢝ᕞࠊࣛࣂ࣐ᕞࠊࣜࢰࢼᕞࠊ࣮࢝ࣥࢯ࣮ᕞࠊ࢝ࣜࣇ࢛ࣝࢽᕞࠊࢥࣟࣛࢻᕞࠊࢥࢿ ࢳ࢝ࢵࢺᕞࠊࢹ࢙ࣛ࢘ᕞࠊࣁ࣡ᕞࠊࣇࣟࣜࢲᕞࠊࢪ࣮ࣙࢪᕞࠊ࢜࣡ᕞࠊࣜࣀᕞࠊ ࣥࢹࢼᕞࠊ࢝ࣥࢨࢫᕞࠊࢣࣥࢱࢵ࣮࢟ᕞࠊ࣓ࣥᕞࠊ࣑ࢩ࢞ࣥᕞࠊ࣑ࢬ࣮ࣜᕞࠊࣔࣥࢱࢼᕞࠊ ࣀ࣮ࢫ࢝ࣟࣛࢼᕞࠊࢽ࣮࣓ࣗ࢟ࢩࢥᕞࠊࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕞࠊ࢜ࣁ࢜ᕞࠊ࢜ࢡ࣐ࣛ࣍ᕞࠊ࢜ࣞࢦࣥ ᕞࠊ࣌ࣥࢩࣝ࣋ࢽᕞࠊ࣮ࣟࢻࣛࣥࢻᕞࠊࢧ࢘ࢫ࢝ࣟࣛࢼᕞࠊࢸࢿࢩ࣮ᕞࠊࢸ࢟ࢧࢫᕞࠊࣘ ࢱᕞࠊ࢘ࢫࢥࣥࢩࣥᕞࠊ࣑࣡࢜ࣥࢢᕞ
&KULV:%RQQHDX³7KH(IIHFWVRI&DPSDLJQ6SHQGLQJLQ6WDWH6XSUHPH&RXUW(OHFWLRQV´Political Research Quarterly QR
6HSWHPEHU
ᕞ㆟ୗ㝔࡛ࡣ࡚ࡢ㆟ဨࡀ ᖺ㛫ࡢ௵ᮇࡢࡓࡵࠊᕞ㆟ୖ㝔ࡢᮏ㑅ᣲẚ㍑ࡋࠊᙜ㑅せᅉࡀ᫂☜࡞ࡿࠋ ᖺࡣ ,&365 ࡢࠕᕞ㆟㑅ᣲ⤖ᯝ㸦 㸧ࠖࡢ᭱᪂ᖺᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦,QWHUXQLYHUVLW\&RQVRUWLXPIRU3ROLWLFDODQG
6RFLDO5HVHDUFKState legislative Election Returns (1967-2010)DFFHVVHG0DUFK
KWWSV ZZZLFSVUXPLFKHGXZHESDJHV㸧ࠋ」ᩘே༊ไࡢᕞࡶྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾศᯒ࠸ࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㑅ᣲࢧࢡࣝࡢ⌮⏤ ࡽࠊ ᖺ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࢹ࣮ࢱᅾࡢ $/ ࡣ㝖ࡃࠋ
ࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺసᡂ࠶ࡓࡾࠊᮏ✏࡛⏝࠸ࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ࣑ࢩ࢞ࣥᏛࡢࠕᨻ ࣭♫ㄪᰝࡢࡓࡵࡢᏛ༠ࠖ㸦,QWHUXQLYHUVLW\&RQVRUWLXPIRU3ROLWLFDODQG6RFLDO5HVHDUFK,&365㸧 ࡢᕞ㆟㑅ᣲ⤖ᯝࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ࠺ࡕ᭱᪂ᖺᗘࡢ ᖺࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡣࠕᕞᨻ࠾ࡅࡿ࠾㔠㛵ࡍࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝᶵ㛵ࠖ㸦7KH1DWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRQ0RQH\LQ6WDWH3ROLWLFV )ROORZWKH0RQH\㸧ࡢೃ⿵⪅ಶேࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࢹ࣮ࢱࠊ⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ዪᛶᨻࢭ ࣥࢱ࣮ࠖ㸦&HQWHUIRU$PHULFDQ:RPHQDQG3ROLWLFV㸧ࡢዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࣜࢫࢺࡼࡾ↷ྜࡋࠊ6WDWD ࢯࣇࢺࢆ ⏝࠸࡚ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࢡ࣮ࣜࢽࣥࢢࢆ⾜ࡗࡓୖ࡛ࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ⤫ྜࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ೃ⿵⪅ࡢᙜⴠ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠 ࡲࡎࠊᮏ✏࡛╔┠ࡍࡿࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ᨭࡢ๓ᥦ࡞ࡿࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢቑຍࡀᙜ㑅ṇ ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡢ࠸࠺Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ௨ୗࡢࢢࣛࣇ㸯ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺࡢᕞ㆟ୗ㝔㆟ဨᮏ㑅ᣲࡢೃ⿵⪅ࡢᙜⴠ୍ேᙜࡓࡾࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࡢ᥎ ⛣ࢆࢢࣛࣇࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢢࣛࣇ 1㸸ೃ⿵⪅ࡢᙜⴠࠊ୍ேᙜࡓࡾࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ᖹᆒࡢẚ㍑ 㸦ฟ㸸ࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡼࡾ➹⪅సᡂࠋ㸧 ࢢࣛࣇ㸯ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊᙜ㑅ࡋࡓೃ⿵⪅ⴠ㑅ࡋࡓೃ⿵⪅࡛ࡣࠊᙜ㑅ࡋࡓೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࡀࠊⴠ㑅 ࡋࡓೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࢆ ಸ㏆ࡃୖᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢ㏵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ ࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢ㞠⏝ࠊົᡤࡢタ❧ࠊ₇ㄝ㛵ࢃࡿ㈝⏝ࠊࣛࢪ࢜ࠊࢸࣞࣅࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆ㏻ࡌࡓᐉ ఏࠊᨻ⟇᪉㔪᭩ࡢห⾜ࠊ➼࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡛ࠊ㈨㔠ࡀከ࠸ೃ⿵⪅ࡼࡾࡶ㑅 ᣲάືࡢᖜࡸ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ࡢㄆ▱ࡀపࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ⴠ㑅ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡽࠊᙜ㑅⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡀ⤖ᯝࢆᕥྑ ࡍࡿࠕ㔠ᶒᨻࠖࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡶࠊೃ⿵⪅ࡀࡰ㈨㔠ᕪࡀ࡞࠸≧ែ࡛ࠊ㑅ᣲᡓࢆࡓࡓ࠺ࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᨭࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ 86$LQ%ULHI (OHFWLRQVDFFHVVHG-DQXDU\KWWSV SXEOLFDWLRQVDPHULFDJRY
ᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢ⌧≧ ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ ᖺ௦ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡑࡢ⌧ᅾࡢᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜ㛵ࡍࡿᴫせࢆ ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊඹඪẸඪࡢᨻඪูࡢዪᛶ㸦ࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺ࣓ࣥࢺ㸧ࡢ⌧≧ࠊᕞูࡢ≧ἣ ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊձዪᛶೃ⿵⪅⏨ᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢᕪࡢ᭷↓ࠊղ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ᙜ㑅 ࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ㛵ಀࠊࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ ࡲࡎࠊᕞ㆟ୗ㝔㆟ဨᮏ㑅ᣲ㸦㑅ᣲᖺ㸸 ᖺࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺࡢ ࢧࢡࣝ㸧࠾ࡅࡿᕞ㆟ ࡢ㑅ᣲไᗘ╔┠ࡍࡿࠋඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ」ᩘே༊ไࡢ࠺ࡀ୍ே༊ไࡼࡾࡶዪᛶࡀከࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ ࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ᖺࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺࡢዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡀୖࡢ㸳ᕞ࣭ୗࡢ㸳ᕞࡢᕞ㆟ ࠾ࡅࡿ㑅ᣲไᗘ≧ἣࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᕞྡࡢୗ⥺㒊ࡣࠊ」ᩘே༊ไࡢᕞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⾲ 1㸸2006 ᖺࠊ2008 ᖺࠊ2010 ᖺ࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡢୖ࣭ୗ 5 ᕞ ฟ㸸ࣛࢺ࣮࢞ࢫᏛࡢࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ዪᛶᨻࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦&$:3㸧ࠖࡢࣇࢡࢺ࣭ࢩ࣮ࢺࡢᩘ್ࢹ࣮ ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ➹⪅సᡂࠋ⾲ࡢぢ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊୖᕞࡣୖࡽୗዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡀῶᑡࡋࠊ ୗᕞࡣୗࡽୖዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡀቑຍࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࡇࡽࠊඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ」ᩘே༊ไࡢᕞ୍ே༊ไࡢᕞ࡛ዪᛶ㆟ဨᩘ㢧ⴭ࡞ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀᣦ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦࢟ࣥࢢ 㸹ࣃࢵࢺࣖࢾࢫ 㸹ࢧ࣐ࣥ࣎ࣥࢶ 㸧ࠋ☜ࠊୖࡢ ࡲࡓࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺ࠾ࡅࡿୖ㸳ࠊୗ㸳ࡢᕞࡢᆅ⌮ⓗ≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᒓ㈨ᩱࢆཧ↷ࠋ .LQJ³6LQJOH0HPEHU'LVWULFWVDQGWKH5HSUHVHQWDWLRQRI:RPHQLQ$PHULFDQ6WDWH/HJLVODWXUHV 7KH(IIHFWVRI(OHFWRUDO 6\VWHP&KDQJH´ 3\HDWWDQG<DQXV͆6KDWWHULQJWKH0DUEOH&HLOLQJ $5HVHDUFK1RWHRQ:RPHQ̺)ULHQGO\6WDWH /HJLVODWLYH'LVWULFWV͇ 6DQERQPDWVX³:KHUH'R:RPHQ5XQ":KHUH'R:RPHQ:LQ"´ &HQWHUIRU$PHULFDQ:RPHQDQG3ROLWLFV³)DFW6KHHW´DFFHVVHG-DQXDU\KWWSV FDZSUXWJHUVHGX .LQJ³6LQJOH0HPEHU'LVWULFWVDQGWKH5HSUHVHQWDWLRQRI:RPHQLQ$PHULFDQ6WDWH/HJLVODWXUHV 7KH(IIHFWVRI(OHFWRUDO ᖺ ᖺ ᖺ ዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡢୖᕞ ࣓࣮ࣜࣛࣥࢻ ࣂ࣮ࣔࣥࢺ ࢥࣟࣛࢻ ࢹ࢙ࣛ࢘ ࢥࣟࣛࢻ ࣂ࣮ࣔࣥࢺ ࣜࢰࢼ ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ ࢽ࣮ࣗࣁࣥࣉࢩ࣮ࣕ ࢿࣂࢲ ࢽ࣮ࣗࣁࣥࣉࢩ࣮ࣕ ࣑ࢿࢯࢱ ࣂ࣮ࣔࣥࢺ ࣑ࢿࢯࢱ ࣁ࣡ ᖺ ᖺ ᖺ ዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡢୗᕞ ࢜ࢡ࣐ࣛ࣍ ࣑ࢩࢩࢵࣆ ࢣࣥࢱࢵ࣮࢟ ࣑࣡࢜ࣥࢢ ࣌ࣥࢩࣝ࣋ࢽ ࣝࢪࢼ ࢙࢘ࢫࢺࣂ࣮ࢪࢽ ࣝࢪࢼ ࣀ࣮ࢫࢲࢥࢱ ࢧ࢘ࢫࢲࢥࢱ ࣂ࣮ࢪࢽ ࢙࢘ࢫࢺࣂ࣮ࢪࢽ ࣀ࣮ࢫࢲࢥࢱ ࣀ࣮ࢫࢲࢥࢱ ࣑࣡࢜ࣥࢢ ࢢࣛࣇ 2㸸⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅ู㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࡢ᥎⛣㸦༢㸸1,000 ࢻࣝ㸧
ᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢ⌧≧ ⾲ 1㸸2006 ᖺࠊ2008 ᖺࠊ2010 ᖺ࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡢୖ࣭ୗ 5 ᕞ ᖺ ᖺ ᖺ ᖺ ᖺ ᖺ 㸳ᕞࡢ୰ᚲࡎ」ᩘே༊ไࡢᕞࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ᪉࡛ࠊୗࡢ㸳ᕞࡶ」ᩘே༊ไࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᕞ ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊୖグࡢ⤖ᯝࡽࡣࠊ㑅ᣲไᗘࡼࡿ᫂☜࡞ഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ 3-1. ᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢ⌧≧ ୖグ࡛ࡣࠊ㑅ᣲไᗘせᅉ╔┠ࡋࠊไᗘࡢせᅉࡔࡅ࡛ࡣㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ࠊዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜᙳ㡪ࡍ ࡿせᅉࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ḟࠊೃ⿵⪅ಶேࡢせᅉ╔┠ࡍࡿࠋ๓㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊ≉ࠊ ೃ⿵⪅ẁ㝵࡛ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢ⌧≧ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊೃ⿵⪅ࡢᛶูࢆධࢀࡓೃ⿵⪅ࡈࡢ 㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㛵ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࢆసᡂࡍࡿࠋ 3-2. ⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅ࡢᖹᆒ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࡢ᥎⛣ ᖺ௦࠾ࡅࡿࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅⏨ᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㈨㔠㞟ࡵࡢᕪࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ๓㏙ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺᇶ ࡙ࡃグ㏙⤫ィࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢢࣛࣇ㸰ࡣࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᖺ ࠾ࡅࡿೃ⿵⪅୍ே࠶ࡓࡾ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࡢᖹᆒࡢ⏨ዪูࡢ᥎⛣ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇࡽࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᖺ࠾࠸࡚⏨ᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢᖹᆒ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࡀዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢᖹᆒ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࢆୖ ᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡿࠋ ࢢࣛࣇ 2㸸⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅ู㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࡢ᥎⛣㸦༢㸸1,000 ࢻࣝ㸧 㸦ฟ㸸ࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡼࡾ➹⪅సᡂ㸧 㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ẁ㝵࡛ࡢ⏨ዪᕪ ୖグࡢ⤖ᯝࡽࠊᙜ㑅࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢቑຍࡀṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿഴྥࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋ ࡋࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠࠾࠸࡚⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㛫ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢᙜ㑅ࡀᅔ㞴࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ㄪ㐩⏨ዪᕪࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ⌮⏤ࢆࠊḟ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ➨୍ࠊ ዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡣᣮᡓ⪅࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡀከࡃࠊ▱ྡᗘࡢప࠸ᣮᡓ⪅ࡣ⌧⫋ẚ㈨㔠ࡀ㞟ࡲࡾࡃ࠸ࠋ ➨ࠊᡤᒓᨻඪࡢ㐪࠸ࡼࡿᨭࡢᕪࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊẸඪዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ẚ㍑ࡋࠊ ඹඪዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡀᨭࢆཷࡅࡃ࠸࠸࠺ㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࣇࣛࣥࢩ㸦㸧ࡼࡿࠊዪᛶೃ⿵ 6\VWHP&KDQJH´ 3\HDWWDQG<DQXV͆6KDWWHULQJWKH0DUEOH&HLOLQJ $5HVHDUFK1RWHRQ:RPHQ̺)ULHQGO\6WDWH /HJLVODWLYH'LVWULFWV͇ 6DQERQPDWVX³:KHUH'R:RPHQ5XQ":KHUH'R:RPHQ:LQ"´ 6DQERQPDWVX³:KHUH'R:RPHQ5XQ":KHUH'R:RPHQ:LQ"´
⪅ᑐࡍࡿࠊึᮇࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ᨭࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊẸඪࡢዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡣࠊዪᛶ ࡢᨻ㈨㔠ᅋయ㸦:RPHQ¶V3$&㸧ࡽࡢᨭࢆཷࡅࡿ⤌ࡳࡀᩚࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࡑࡢ୍ࡘࡢᅋ య࡛࠶ࡿ࢚࣑࣮ࣜࢬ࣭ࣜࢫࢺ㸦(0,/<¶6/,67㸧ࡣࣉ࣭ࣟࢳࣙࢫࡢẸඪೃ⿵⪅ࡢᨭ≉ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊඹඪዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊඪὴࡢ㐪࠸ࡽࠊࠕዪᛶࡢᨻ㈨㔠ᅋయࠖ௨እࡢࠊ ඹඪೃ⿵⪅ࡢᨭࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᅋయࡽࡢᨭࢆࡵࡄࡾࠊ⏨ᛶೃ⿵⪅த࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡋ ࡑࢀࡽࡢᅋయࡣಖᏲⓗ࡞ഴྥ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊẸඪࡢዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ྠᵝࡢᨭࢆඹඪዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡀ ཷࡅࡿࡇࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚༑ศ࡞㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ࡀ⾜࠼࡞࠸ࡇࡀㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࠋ ᨭᅋయࡼࡿ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ᨭ ୖグࡢ㏻ࡾࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅⏨ᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㛫ࡣࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡢᕪࢆ⦰ࡵࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢฟ㤿ᨭࡋ࡚╔┠ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀࠊ≉ዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠊ㑅ᣲ ㈨㔠ᨭᅋయࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕዪᛶᨭᅋయ㸦ZRPHQ¶VRUJDQL]DWLRQ㸧ࠖࡣࠊዪᛶࡢᨻཧຍࢆᨭ ࡍࡿᅋయ࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡀ㑅ᣲ❧ೃ⿵ࡍࡿ㝿㈨㔠ࢆຓࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ዪᛶࡢ❧ ೃ⿵ࡸᙜ㑅ࢆᨭࡋࠊࡲࡓዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡸዪᛶ㆟ဨ㛵㐃ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㞟࣭බ㛤➼ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᅋ యࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⡿ᅜࡢዪᛶᨭᅋయࡣࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝάືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᅋయࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࣜࢰࢼ࣭ࢡ࣮ࣜ ࣭࢚ࣥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥ ➼ࡢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝάືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᅋయࡶ࠶ࡿࠋඪὴᛶࡢ࠶ࡿᅋయࡶከ࠸ࠋ ᨻඪู࡛ࡣࠊẸඪࡢ᪉ࡀ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ᨭࡀ┒ࢇ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ බⓗ࡞㈨㔠ຓࡢࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࢡ࣮࣭࢚ࣜࣥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥࢬ㸦&OHDQ(OHFWLRQV㸧➼ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉ ࡽࠊࣜࢰࢼᕞࡸ࣓ࣥᕞ࡞ࠕࢡ࣮࣭࢚ࣜࣥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥἲࠖ㸦͆FOHDQHOHFWLRQV͇ODZV㸧ࡼࡿබⓗ ࡞㈨㔠ຓࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᕞࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢἲᚊࡣࠊᨻⓗ㐣ᑡ௦⾲࡛࠶ࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡽࡢೃ⿵⪅ ࡢቑຍࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕࢡ࣮࣭࢚ࣜࣥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥࠖࡤࢀࡿ㈨㔠 ຓࡢヨࡳࡢຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠕணഛ㑅ᣲ❧ೃ⿵ࡍࡿೃ⿵⪅ࡢᩘࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠖ࠸ ࠺ホ౯ࡀ࠶ࡿ ࠋ᪉࡛࣮࣡ࢼ࣮࣓࣮ࣖ㸦㸧ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀ⏨ᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡼ ࡾࡶබⓗ࡞㈨㔠ຓᡂࢆཷࡅධࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࡢຠᯝࡣୗ㝔㆟ࡢ㑅ᣲ࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ ࠸࠺◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽබⓗ࡞㈨㔠ຓࡶࠊዪᛶᨭᅋయ㸦:RPHQ¶V 2UJDQL]DWLRQ㸧ࡀࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢ❧ೃ ⿵ࡸᙜ㑅ࢆᨭࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋせ࡞⤌⧊ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕዪᛶࡢᨻ㈨㔠ᅋయ㸦࣓࢘ࣥࢬ࣭ࣃࢵࢡ㸸 3HWHU/)UDQFLD³(DUO\)XQGUDLVLQJE\1RQLQFXPEHQW)HPDOH&RQJUHVVLRQDO&DQGLGDWHV 7KH,PSRUWDQFHRI:RPHQV3$&V´ Women & Politics KWWSV GRLRUJ-YQB
%DUEDUD%XUUHOO³3ROLWLFDO3DUWLHVDQG:RPHQ¶V2UJDQL]DWLRQV%ULQJLQJ:RPHQLQWRWKH(OHFWRUDO$UHQD´LQGender and Elections: Shaping the Future of American Politics,HG6XVDQ&DUUROODQG5LFKDUG)R[ 1HZ<RUN &DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
:LOWVH³6XEVLGL]LQJ(TXDOLW\ )HPDOH&DQGLGDWH(PHUJHQFHDQG&OHDQ(OHFWLRQV´
'RXJODV+3KHOSV³/HYHOLQJWKH3OD\LQJ)LHOG´National Civic Review QR KWWSV GRLRUJQFU 7LPRWK\:HUQHUDQG0D\HU5.HQQHWK³3XEOLF(OHFWLRQ)XQGLQJ&RPSHWLWLRQDQG&DQGLGDWH*HQGHU´PS: Political Science &
PoliticsQR GRL 6
%XUUHOO³3ROLWLFDO3DUWLHVDQG:RPHQ¶V2UJDQL]DWLRQV%ULQJLQJ:RPHQLQWRWKH(OHFWRUDO$UHQD´
:RPHQ¶V3$&㸧ࠖࠊࡑࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᅋయࡋ࡚⡿ዪᛶᨻࢥ࣮࢝ࢫ㸦1DWLRQDO:RPHQ¶V3ROLWLFDO&DXFXV㸧ࠊ ዪᛶࡢ㈨㔠㐠ື㸦7KH:RPHQ¶V&DPSDLJQIXQG㸧ࠊ࢚࣑࣮ࣜࢬ࣭ࣜࢫࢺ㸦(0,/<¶6/,67㸧ࠊ࢘ࢵࢩ࣭ࣗ ࣜࢫࢺ㸦:,6+/,67㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓᕞࡈࡢᨭᅋయࡣࣜࢰࢼ࣭ࢬ࣭ࣜࢫࢺ $UL]RQDV/LVW ࡞ ᵝࠎ࡞ᅋయࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⡿ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿ࡞ዪᛶࡢᨻཧຍ◊✲㛵ࡍࡿᶵ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣛࢺ࣮࢞ ࢫᏛࡢࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ዪᛶᨻࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦&HQWHUIRU$PHULFDQ:RPHQDQG3ROLWLFV&$:3㸧ࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡋࡓࣇࣛࣥࢩࡢ◊✲࡞ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᅋయࡼࡿᨭࡢຠᯝࡸࠊࡑࡢᨭࡢ ẁ㝵↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓ◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ࣐ࣝࢥ࣒࣮࢘ࣥ࢞ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡢ⡿ዪᛶᨻ ࢥ࣮࢝ࢫ㸦1DWLRQDO:RPHQ¶V3ROLWLFDO&DXFXV㸧ࡀࠊ㑅ฟ࣭௵ࡉࢀࡓ⫋ဨ㸦HOHFWHGDQGDSSRLQWHGRIILFLDOV㸧 ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡓ࠶ࡿࡣඹඪ࣭Ẹඪࡢ㆟ཧຍࡍࡿ➼ࠊࠕᨻ㛵ࢃࡿ࠶ࡽࡺࡿഃ㠃ࡽዪᛶࡢ ᨻཧຍࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠖࡇࡀ㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᑠᣓ ୖグࡢ㏻ࡾࠊグ㏙ⓗ⤫ィࡑࡢ⪃ᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࡣ⏨ዪࡢೃ⿵⪅㛫࡛ᕪࡀ࠶ ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࡢቑ㢠ࡀᙜ㑅᭷ാࡃࠋࡋࡋࠊ ᖺ௦⌧ᅾ࠾࠸࡚ ࡶࠊ౫↛ࡋ࡚⏨ᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡼࡾࡶ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࡀከ࠸ഴྥ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡣ⏨ᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡼࡾࡶ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㞟ࡵࡢẁ㝵࡛ᅔ㞴ࢆឤ ࡌࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊᐇ㝿ࠊᕞ㆟࡛ാࡃዪᛶ㆟ဨࡣ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព㆑ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋ ศᯒ㸸ࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟ୗ㝔⌧⫋㆟ဨࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝ ๓㡫ࡲ࡛࡛ࡣࠊᕞ㆟య࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࡢഴྥ࡞ࡽࡧᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ ೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ᨭᅋయࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ๓㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡸ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢᨭ ᅋయࡣࠊ♫⏕άࢆႠࡴୖ࡛⏕ࡌࡿせồࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ௦⌮ேࡋ࡚㑅ᣲࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㆟ဨࢆ㑅ฟࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡣᙜ㑅ᚋࡢೃ⿵⪅ࡼࡿᨻ⟇ᐇ⌧ࡢᮇᚅࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡀᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋೃ⿵ ⪅ࡗ࡚ࡣ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡀᙜ㑅ࡢ☜⋡ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿせᅉࡋ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ ࢆᯝࡓࡍ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊಶࠎࡢ㆟ဨࡀ㑅ᣲᡓ࡛ࡣࡢࡼ࠺㈨㔠ࡢㄪ㐩ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡲࡓ㈨㔠௨ እࡶࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࢆ ㏻ࡋࠊ⌧⫋㆟ဨࡓࡕࡢ⪃࠼ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ ௨ୗ࡛ࡣࠊᕞ㆟㑅ᣲ࠾ࡅࡿ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢᙺࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟ୗ㝔ࡢಶࠎࡢ⌧⫋㆟ဨ ࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝ㸦 ᖺ㸴᭶㸧ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆ୰ᚰࡲࡵࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࣜ ࢰࢼᕞࢆㄪᰝᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ ᖺᗘ࠾࠸࡚ዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜࡀࣂ࣮ࣔࣥࢺᕞ୪ࡧ⡿࡛㸯 ࡞ࡗࡓᕞ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦 ᖺ㸧ࡢ㑅ᣲ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡶࠊ㸯࡞ࡗࡓᕞ࡛࠶ ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࣜࢰࢼᕞࡣ㐣ཤ㸳ᖺ㛫࠾࠸࡚ࡶୖ ௨ෆࣛࣥࢡࣥࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ )UDQFLD³(DUO\)XQGUDLVLQJE\1RQLQFXPEHQW)HPDOH&RQJUHVVLRQDO&DQGLGDWHV 7KH,PSRUWDQFHRI:RPHQV3$&V´ KWWSV GRLRUJ-YQB
(OOHQ50DOFROPDQG8QJHU&UDLJWhen Women Win: EMILY’S LIST and the Rise of Women in American Politics, 1HZ<RUN
+RXJKWRQ0LIIOLQ+DUFRXUW
í㸣ྎࢆಖࡕ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿᕞ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ ๓㏙ࡋࡓ㏻ࡾࠊ⡿ᅜᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜࡣ ᖺ௦ࡢ⣙㸲㸣ࡽࠊ ᖺࠕዪᛶࡢ ᖺࠖࡣࡰ 㸣ቑຍࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ ᖺ㡭฿ࡿࡲ࡛ࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ 㸣ྎࡰ୍ᐃࡢᩘ್ࢆಖ ࡕ⥆ࡅࡓࠋゝ࠸࠼ࡿࠊᶓࡤ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᩘ್ࡀ୍ᐃ࡛࠶ ࡿせᅉࡋ࡚ࡣࠊಖᏲࡸࢸ࣮ࣃ࣮ࢸ࣮㸦7HD3DUW\㸧㐠ືࡢྎ㢌࡞ࠊዪᛶࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞ࢺࣞࣥࢻࡢᏑᅾࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣୗ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࣜࢰࢼᕞࡣ ᖺᗘࣂ࣮ࣔࣥࢺᕞ࡞ࡽࡧዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜࡀ⡿࡛㸯ࠊࡲࡓ ᖺᗘࡶ㸯࡞ࡗࡓ ᕞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㐣ཤ㸳ᖺ㛫ࡢྜࡢኚ╔┠ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࡢྜࡣቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡢᕞࡼࡾࡶዪᛶࡀከࡃᙜ㑅ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊዪᛶࡢᨻཧຍࡀ┒ࢇ࡞⎔ቃࡢ୰࡛ࠊዪᛶ㆟ ဨࡀ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㞟ࡵ࡛ᅔ㞴┤㠃ࡋࡓࡢ࠺ࠊࡲࡓዪᛶ㆟ဨᙜ㑅ከࡃ⤖ࡧࡘࡃࡼ࠺࡞㑅ᣲ㈨㔠 ࢆᨭࡍࡿไᗘࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࠊ➼ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ㄪᰝࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋ ලయⓗ࡞ὶࢀࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊࣜࢰࢼᕞࡢᴫせࣜࢰࢼᕞࡢዪᛶࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ♫ⓗ ࡞⎔ቃࡘ࠸࡚ࡲࡵࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢືྥࡘ࠸࡚㏙ࡓୖ࡛ࠊ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᴫせࡲࡵࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࢆ㏻ࡋࠊಶࠎࡢ㆟ဨࡢどⅬ ࡽ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ 4-1. ࣜࢰࢼᕞᴫせ ࣜࢰࢼᕞࡣྜ⾗ᅜ༡す㒊⨨ࡋࠊ㧗ཎ࣭ྎᆅࡢከ࠸⇱ࡋࡓᕞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᆅ⌮ⓗࡣ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ ᥋ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊṔྐⓗࡳࡿ⡿ቚᡓதࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᕞࡢ༙ࡀ ᖺྜ⾗ᅜࡢ㡿ᅵ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᖺࢽ࣮࣓ࣗ࢟ࢩࢥࡢ୍㒊ࡽࣜࢰࢼ‽ᕞࡋ࡚ษࡾ㞳ࡉࢀࠊ ᖺ㐃㑥ຍ┕ࡋࡓࠋ⡿ᅜᮏ ᅵ࡛ࡣ᭱ᚋ࡞ࡿࠊ ␒┠ࡢᕞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡶ⏘ᴗ࡛ࡣ㖔ᴗࡀ┒ࢇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ➨ḟୡ⏺ᡓ ᚋࡣࢧࣥ࣋ࣝࢺࡢ୍ゅࡋ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋࡓࠋ ே✀ࡢྜ࡛ࡣⓑேࡀ࠾ࡼࡑ 㸣ࢆ༨ࡵࡿࠋḟከ࠸ྜࢆ༨ࡵࡿࡢࡀࣄࢫࣃࢽࢵࢡࡲࡓࡣࣛࢸ ࣮ࣀ࡛ 㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࣜࢰࢼᕞ࡛ࡣࠊࢼࣂ࣍ࠊࢼࢧࢪࠊ࣒࣍࣍࢝࡞ࡢඛఫẸࡢඛྐᩥ ࡀᰤ࠼ࡓࠋ⡿ࡢ୰࡛ඛఫẸࡢேཱྀࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠸ᕞ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᣦᐃᒃ␃ᆅࡣᕞᇦࡢ ศࡢ㸯ࢆ༨ࡵࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࢢࣛࣥࢻ࢟ࣕࢽ࢜ࣥࡸࢭࢻࢼࡢᬒほࠊ ᬮ࡞Ẽೃ࡞ࡼࡾほගࠊಖ㣴ᆅࡋ࡚ࡶⓎᒎࡋ ࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ㇏࡞⛣ఫ⪅ࡑࢀ௨๓ࡢᕞẸࡢ⤒῭᱁ᕪࡣࡁࡃࠊ ᖺⅬ࡛ࡣ୍ேᙜࡓࡾࡢᕞ Ẹᡤᚓࡣ⡿ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ᖺ௦࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㈋ᅔ⪅ࡢྜࡣከࡃࠊ ᖺⅬ࡛⡿࡛ ࣛࣥࢡࣥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋ࣓ࣜ࢝ᅜໃㄪᰝᒁ㸦86&HQVXV%XUHDX86&%㸧ࡢ⤫ィࢹ࣮ࢱࡼࡿࠊ ࣜࢰࢼᕞࡢேཱྀࡣ ᖺ ᭶Ⅼ࡛࠾ࡼࡑ ே㸦㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕዪᛶࡣ 㸣 ࢆ༨ࡵࠊ⏨ᛶዪᛶࡢேཱྀࡣࡰྠᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ⤫㡿㑅ᣲ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࣜࢰ ஂಖᩥ᫂ ࣓ࠗࣜ࢝ᨻ࠘㸦᭷ᩫ㛶ࠊ ᖺ㸧ࠊ 㡫ࠋ ࠗࣈࣜࢱࢽ࢝ⓒ⛉࠘ࠊ ᖺࠊVY ࠕࣜࢰࢼᕞࠖ ὸಙ㞝࣓ࠗࣜ࢝ ᕞࢆㄞࡴᆅᅗ࠘➨ ∧㸦᪂₻♫ࠊ ᖺ㸧ࠊ 㡫ࠋ㸹 $OHPD\HKX%LVKDZ%ULDQ*ODVVPDQ
DQG86&HQVXV%XUHDXAmerican Community Survey Briefs :DVKLQJWRQ'& 86'HSDUWPHQWRI&RPPHUFH(FRQRPLFV DQG6WDWLVWLFV$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ86&HQVXV%XUHDX KWWSV ZZZFHQVXVJRY
ࢼᕞࡣ ᖺ௨㝆ࠊ ᖺࡢ㑅ᣲࢆ㝖ࡁࠊඹඪೃ⿵⪅ࡀᙜ㑅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ㉥࠸ᕞ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ⡿ࡢᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟ ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ㏆ᖺࡢࣜࢰࢼᕞ࡛㉳ࡁࡓࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠࡞ࡽࡧዪᛶ㆟ဨ㛵㐃ࡍࡿฟ᮶ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࡢ ᴫせࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋฟ᮶ࡋ࡚ࠊḟࡢ㸰Ⅼࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ➨㸯ࣜࢰࢼ࣭ࢡ࣮࣭࢚ࣜࣥࣞࢡࢩࣙ ࣥ㸦$UL]RQD&OHDQ(OHFWLRQ㸧ࠊ➨㸰ࠊ࣓࢘ࣥࢬ࣭࣐࣮ࢳ㸦:RPHQ¶V0DUFK㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨㸯ࡢࣜࢰ ࢼ࣭ࢡ࣮࣭࢚ࣜࣥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥ㸦ࠕᕷẸࡼࡿࢡ࣮࣭࢚ࣜࣥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥጤဨࠖࠊ͆7KH&LWL]HQV&OHDQ (OHFWLRQV͇㸧ࡣࠊ࢜ࣇࢩࣕࣝࢧࢺࡼࡿࠊඪὴᒓࡉ࡞࠸ጤဨ㸦QRQSDUWLVDQFRPPLVVLRQ㸧 ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᭷ᶒ⪅ᩍ⫱ࡸ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢᥦ౪ࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㛵㐃ࡋࡓ࣮ࣝࣝࡸἲᚊࢆ⾜ࡍࡿᅋయ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢡ࣮࣭࢚ࣜࣥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥࢬ㸦&OHDQ(OHFWLRQV㸧ࡣࠊࣜࢰࢼᕞࡢ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡼࡿᢞ⚊࡛ࠕᕷẸࡼࡿࠊ ࢡ࣮࣭ࣜࣥࢩࢳࢬ࣭࢚ࣥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥࢬἲࠖ㸦&LWL]HQV&OHDQ&LWL]HQ(OHFWLRQV$FW$567LWOH&KDSWHU $UWLFOH㸧ࡀྍỴࡉࢀࡓ࠶ࡢ ᖺタ❧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ➨㸰ࡢ࣓࢘ࣥࢬ࣭࣐࣮ࢳࡣࠊ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥᕞ ࡀⓎ➃࡞ࡗࡓ㐠ື࡛ࠊࣜࢰࢼᕞ࡛ࡶ࠾ࡼࡑ㸰ேࡀཧຍࡋࡓ᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟ዪᛶ㆟ဨ ḟࠊࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ዪᛶᨻࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠖ 㸦&HQWHUIRU$PHULFDQ:RPHQDQG3ROLWLFV㸧ࡢㄪᰝࡼࡿࠊᕞ㆟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜࢆ⡿ࡢ ᕞ࡛ẚ㍑ࡋࡓሙྜࠊ๓㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾࣜࢰࢼᕞࡣ ᖺᗘ㸯࡞ࡗࡓᕞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࡑࡢྜࡣ 㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢḟࣂ࣮ࣔࣥࢺᕞ㸦 㸣㸧ࠊࢿࣂࢲᕞࠊࢥࣟࣛࢻᕞࠊ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥᕞࡀ⥆ࡃࠋ ᪉࡛ᕞ㆟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜࡀప࠸࡞ᕞࡣ࣑࣡࢜ࣥࢢᕞ㸦㸣㸧ࠊ࢜ࢡ࣐ࣛ࣍ᕞࠊࣝ ࢪࢼᕞࠊ࢚࢘ࢫࢺࣂ࣮ࢪࢽᕞࠊ࣑ࢩࢩࢵࣆᕞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࣜࢰࢼᕞࡣ㐣ཤ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡢᕞẚ㍑ࡍࡿᕞ㆟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜࡀ㧗ࡗ ࡓᕞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㐣ཤ࠾ࡼࡑ ᖺ㛫ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⡿ࡢᕞ㆟࡛ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ㡰ࡣ௨ୗࡢ⾲㸰ࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜࡢ᥎⛣ࡘ࠸࡚ࢢࣛࣇ ࡛♧ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇࡽࠊ ࠾ࡼࡑ㐣ཤ ᖺࡢ୰࡛ࡍ࡚ ௨ෆࡢ㡰ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ேཱྀẚẚ ㍑ࡍࡿࠊዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜࡣ㸳ࡣ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊࡢᕞẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㧗࠸ྜ࡛࠶ࡿࡓ ࡵࠊ⡿ࡢᕞࡢ୰࡛ୖࡢ㡰࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ࡉࡽࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝᐇ㸦 ᖺᗘ㸧ࡢࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟ࡢෆヂࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋᕞ㆟ ࡢබᘧ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪࡼࡿࠊ ᖺᗘࡢࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟ࡢୗ㝔ࡣ ྡ㸦࣓ࣥࣂ୍࣮ぴࡣ ྡ࠸ࡓࡀࠊ㸱ྡ㎡⫋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࡢ㆟ဨࡀ࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕዪᛶ㆟ဨࡀ ྡ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࠾ࡼࡑ㸱ࢆ༨ࡵ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡲࡓࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟ୖ㝔࡛ࡣ ྡ㸦࣓ࣥࣂ୍࣮ぴࡣ ྡ࠸ࡓࡀࠊ㸰ྡ㎡ ⫋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࡢ㆟ဨࡢ࠺ࡕࠊዪᛶ㆟ဨࡀ ྡ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࠾ࡼࡑ㸲ࢆ༨ࡵࡿࠋᕞ㆟ࡢ௵ᮇࡣୗ㝔ࡀ 㸰ᖺ࡛ୖ㝔ࡀ㸲ᖺ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ᖺ ᭶ࡣ୧ᕞ㆟ࡢ㑅ᣲࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿᖺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࣥࢱࣅࣗ ࣮ㄪᰝࡣ㑅ᣲ๓ࡢ㸴᭶ᐇࡋࡓࠋ &LWL]HQV&OHDQ(OHFWLRQV&RPPLVVLRQDFFHVVHG-DQXDU\KWWSV ZZZD]FOHDQHOHFWLRQVJRY 㐲⸨Ὀ⏕ࠕ࣓ࠗ࢘ࣥࢬ࣭࣐࣮ࢳ࠘㸸ࣄ࣮ࣛࣜࡢᩋࢆࡾ㉺࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠖNewsletter QR 6HSWHPEHU 㸸 KWWS ZZZFSDVFXWRN\RDFMS㸦㜀ぴ᪥㸸 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㸧
4-2. ࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝ ௨ୗ࡛ࡣࠊ ᖺᗘᐇࡋࡓࣜࢰࢼ࡛ࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࢆᐇࡋࡓ㸱ྡࡢ࠺ࡕ㸰ྡࡣ┤᥋ࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࠊ㸯ྡࡑࡢࢩࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢ ேࡘ࠸࡚ࡣㅖ⯡ࡢࡼࡾ㉁ၥ⚊࡛ࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㑅ᢥࡢᇶ‽ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣥ ࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࡢ౫㢗ᑐࡋ㏉⟅ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡓ㆟ဨ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ ࢆᐇࡋࡓྛ⌧⫋㆟ဨࡢྡ๓ࡣࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆᐇࡋࡓ᪥㡰㆟ဨ$ࠊ㆟ဨ %ࠊ㆟ဨ &㸦㆟ဨ & ࡢࢩࢫࢱࣥࢺ &㸧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢ㸱ྡࡢྛ㆟ဨࡢ㆟ဨ⤒㦂㸦ᙜ㑅ᅇᩘ㸧㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࡣ௨ ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦⾲㸱㸧ࠋ
⾲ 3㸸ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗᑐ㇟㆟ဨࡢࣉࣟࣇ࣮ࣝ > ฟ㸸ࠕᕞᨻ࠾ࡅࡿ࠾㔠㛵ࡍࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝᶵ㛵ࠖ㸦)ROORZWKH0RQH\RUJ㸧 ࠕ࣮࣎ࢺ࣭ࢫ࣐࣮ࢺࠖ㸦9RWH6PDUW㸧ࡢࢧࢺࢆࡶ㸪➹⪅ࡀసᡂࠋ@ ㄪᰝ᪉ἲ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗἲࡼࡿㄪᰝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࡽࡌࡵࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡸዪᛶ㆟ဨࡋ࡚➼ࢆ୰ᚰ࠸ࡃࡘ ࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࢆ⏝ពࡋࠊࡑࢀἢࡗ࡚ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆ㐍⾜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᵝࠎㄒࡗ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠 7KH1DWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRQ0RQH\LQ6WDWH3ROLWLFV )ROORZWKH0RQH\RUJ 㸪DFFHVVHG6HSWHPEHU KWWSV ZZZIROORZWKHPRQH\RUJ 9RWH6PDUW QG >'DWD@DFFHVVHG6HSWHPEHUKWWSV YRWHVPDUWRUJ ⾲㸸ࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟ ༨ࡵࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨྜ ࡢᖺᗘู㡰 ࢢࣛࣇ 㸸ࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟༨ࡵࡿ ዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡢ᥎⛣ ᖺ 㡰 2016ᖺ 3 2014ᖺ 3 2012ᖺ 4 2010ᖺ 7 2008ᖺ 6 2006ᖺ 3 ᙜ 㑅 ᅇ ᩘ ᖺ ᗘ 㑅 ᣲ ㈨ 㔠 㢠 ᡤ ᒓ ᨻ ඪ ㆟ ဨ $ 7 42,808 Ẹඪ ㆟ ဨ % 3 41,285 ඹඪ ㆟ ဨ & 1 44,277 Ẹඪ⾲ 3㸸ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗᑐ㇟㆟ဨࡢࣉࣟࣇ࣮ࣝ ⾲㸸ࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟ ༨ࡵࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨྜ ࡢᖺᗘู㡰 ࢢࣛࣇ 㸸ࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟༨ࡵࡿ ዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡢ᥎⛣ ᖺ 㡰 ᙜ 㑅 ᅇ ᩘ ᖺ ᗘ 㑅 ᣲ ㈨ 㔠 㢠 ᡤ ᒓ ᨻ ඪ ㆟ ဨ $ ㆟ ဨ % ㆟ ဨ & ࡸ❧ೃ⿵ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢩ࣮ࢺࢆ๓ࡶࡗ࡚⏝ពࡋࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆ㐍ࡵࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋヰࡢὶ ࢀࢆඃඛࡋࠊ㡰ᗎࢆኚ᭦ࡋࡓࡾ㏣ຍ࡛㉁ၥࢆࡋࡓࡾࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡢ㉁ၥࡘ࠸࡚ࡣཧ⪃ ㈨ᩱࢆཧ↷ࡍࡿࠋ 㑅ᣲ㈨㔠࡛ࡢᨭࡘ࠸࡚ ዪᛶࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㞟ࡵࡘ࠸࡚ࡣዪᛶᨭᅋయࡀࡁ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㆟ဨ$ ࡼࡿࠊẸ ඪࡢዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࢆᨭࡍࡿ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᨭᅋయࣜࢰࢼ࣭ࣜࢫࢺ㸦$UL]RQD/LVW㸧ࡸඹඪ ዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࢆᨭࡍࡿᅋయࠊࢻ࣮ࢹ࣭ࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦'RGLH/RQGRQ3URJUDP㸧ࡼࡿᨭ ࡀάⓎ࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ࡘ࠸࡚ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ㑅ᣲᇶ㔠ࢆເࡿ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ┤᥋᭷ᶒ⪅㟁ヰ࡞࡛ᨭࢆࡧࡅ ࡿ᪉ἲࡸࠊ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡽࡢ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞ᐤࡼࡿ᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡗࡓࠋ㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ࡢ⏨ዪᕪࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ㆟ဨ$ ࡼࡿࠊ⏨ᛶೃ⿵⪅ዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㛫ࡣ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢ㞟ࡲࡾ᪉ࡣࠊ౫↛ࡋ࡚ᕪ␗ࡀ࠶ ࡿ࠸࠺ㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋලయⓗࡣࠊᇶ㔠ࡀ㞟ࡲࡿẁ㝵ᕪ␗ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ⏨ᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡣ❧ೃ⿵ࢆ ᐉゝࡍࡿẚ㍑ⓗࡍࡄᐤࢆ㞟ࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ᪉࡛ࠊዪᛶࡢೃ⿵⪅ࡣ❧ೃ⿵ࡢᚋ࢜ࣇࢫ ࢆ❧ࡕୖࡆࡿẁ㝵࡛ᇶ㔠ࡀ㞟ࡲࡾጞࡵࡿ࠸࠺ᕪ␗ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᪉࡛ࠊᛶูࢆព㆑ࡋ࡞࠸࠸࠺ពぢࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㆟ဨ% ࡼࡿࠊೃ⿵⪅ࡢ⏨ዪ ࡢᕪ␗࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᨻ⟇ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡢヰࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㆟ဨ% ࡼࡿࠊ⮬ศ࡛ࡧࡅࡓヂ࡛ࡶ▱ ࡾྜ࠸࡛࠶ࡗࡓヂ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡽࡢ⮬Ⓨⓗᐤࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡣ㆟ဨ % ࡢᨻ⟇ඹឤࡋࡓࡓࡵᨭࢆࡋࡓ㆟ဨ % ヰࡋࡓࠋ 㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢࠊ㑅ᣲ⤖ᯝࡢᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ ḟࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢ㑅ᣲ⤖ᯝࡢᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡲࡎࠊ㑅ᣲᡓࡢ≧ἣࡼࡾ㈨㔠ࡢຠᯝᕪࡀ࠶ࡿ ࠸࠺ពぢࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㆟ဨ% ࡼࡿࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢຠᯝࡣ➇த┦ᡭࡶࡼࡿࡢㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡢೃ⿵⪅ࡀ㆟ဨ% ࡗ࡚ბࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆὶࡋࡓሙྜࠊ㆟ဨ % ࡣᐇ␗࡞ࡿ࠸ ࠺ࡇࢆ᭷ᶒ⪅ఏ࠼ࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡑࡢሙྜࠊᗈ࿌ࡢ㈝⏝ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᪉࡛ࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡀ࡞࠸ࡼࡾࡣ࠶ࡗࡓ᪉ࡀⰋ࠸࠸࠺ࡢࡣ☜࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ ࢩࣙࣥ࡞ࠊᙜ㑅ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࡢせᅉࡶ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ྠᵝ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㆟ ဨ$ ࡼࡿࠊ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢᨻඪࡢᨭᣢࡀ࠶ࡿࡀỴࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㑅ᣲ༊ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㑅ᣲ༊ࡢሙྜ ࡣᨭᣢࡢከ࠸ᨻඪࡢೃ⿵⪅ࡀᙜ㑅᭷࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࡢࡲࡵ ௨ୖᕞ㆟ୗ㝔࠾࠸࡚㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍࡘ࠸࡚ಶࠎࡢ㆟ဨどⅬࡽࡢ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᅇࡢࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ௨ୗࡢㅖⅬ࠾ࡼࡧㄢ㢟ࢆᣦࡋ ࡚ࠊᮏࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࡢࡲࡵࡍࡿࠋ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓෆᐜࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ ᖺᗘ࡛ዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡀ⡿ ࡛᭱ከࡢࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ⏨ዪࡢೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㛫ࡣᛶูࡼࡿᕪ␗ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿព㆑ࡍࡿ ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊᕪ␗ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᨭᅋయ௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿዪᛶೃ⿵ ⪅ࢆᨭࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀࡁ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋලయⓗࡣࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼ ࣭ࣝࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᨭᅋయ⤌⧊ࠊ࢚࣑࣮ࣜࢬ࣭ࣜࢫࢺ㸦(PLO\¶V/LVW㸧ࡸẸඪࡢዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ ᨭࢆ⾜࠺ࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞ᅋయࣜࢰࢼ࣭ࣜࢫࢺ㸦$UL]RQD¶V/LVW㸧ࡸඹඪࡢዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢᨭ ࢆ⾜࠺ࢻ࣮ࢹ࣭ࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦'RGLH/RQGRQ3URJUDP㸧➼ࡽࡢᨭ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᪉࡛ࠊᕪ␗ࡣ࡞࠸ࡍࡿពぢࡽࡣࠊ⏨ዪࡢᛶู࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᨻ⟇ࢆ㔜どࡋᨭࢆ⾜࠺᭷ᶒ⪅ࡶ࠸
ࡿ࠸࠺▱ぢࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊᛶูࢆព㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ㆟ဨࡋ࡚ᨻ⟇ࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ ⎔ቃࡀᩚ࠸ࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡇࡶࢃࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㑅ᣲᡓ࠾࠸࡚ࡢ➇தࡢ⃭ࡋࡉᛂࡌ࡚㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡀᚲせ ࡞ࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ≧ἣࡼࡾ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢຠᯝࡀ␗࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ࡓࡔࡋࠊ⏨ᛶዪᛶ࡛ࡣ❧ೃ⿵ࢆࡍࡿẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚౫↛ࡋ࡚㈨㔠ࡢ㞟ࡲࡾ᪉ᕪ␗ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ ពぢࡶᚓࡓࠋࡲࡓ㑅ᣲ༊࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊೃ⿵⪅㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊᨻඪࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㑅ᣲ༊ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀศ ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ࠊᨻඪࡸࠊணഛ㑅ᣲࡢẁ㝵࠾ࡅࡿೃ⿵⪅ࡢᙜ㑅せᅉ࡞ࡶ⪃៖ ࠸ࢀ࡚ศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸⪃࠼ࡓࠋ ⤖ㄽ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ ᖺ௦⌧ᅾ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀ⏨ᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡼࡾࡶ୍ே࠶ࡓࡾࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠 㢠ࡀప࠸ࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢཎᅉࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡣᣮᡓ⪅ࡀከ࠸ࡇࡸࠊᡤᒓ ᨻඪࡼࡾዪᛶᨭᅋయࡽࡢᨭᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢప ࡉࡣࠊ⡿ᅜࡢᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢᨻⓗ㐣ᑠ௦⾲ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍせᅉࡢ୍ࡘ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽࠊᡤᒓᨻඪ㛵ࢃࡽࡎዪᛶᨭᅋయࡼࡿዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢᨭࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ ࡿࡇ➼ࢆ㏻ࡌࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ᨭᅋయࡽࡢᨭࡀࠊᚋࡶ㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࠺ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢᙜ㑅せᅉࡋ࡚ࠊ≉ࠕఏ⤫ⓗ࡞㈨㔠ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠖࡼࡾ⏨ᛶ᭷ ࡉࢀࡓ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ᖺ௦⌧ᅾࡢ⌧≧ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡀ㑅ᣲ⤖ᯝ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪 ࡢᠱᛕࡽࠊ⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢᕪ␗ࢆᑠࡉࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢᨭࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀᨭᅋ యࢆ୰ᚰ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡢほⅬࡽࡣࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚࣓ࣜ࢝ேࡣẸ ⩏ࡢ㑅ᣲࡀࠕ㈨㔠ࠖࡼࡗ࡚Ỵࡲࡿࡇࢆᢈุࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊ⮬ࡽࡢᨭࡍࡿೃ⿵⪅ࡸᨻඪࡢ⊩㔠ࢆ ⾜࠺ࠊ࠸࠺⾜ືࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺⊩㔠ࢆ⾜࠺᰿ᗏࡣ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢቑຍࡼࡾೃ⿵⪅ࡀᙜ㑅 ࡍࡿࡇࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࡼࡿ㑅ᣲ⤖ᯝࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ๓ᥦ࠶ࡿࡽ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ᪉࡛ᐇ ド◊✲ࡢほⅬࡽࡣࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢᨭࢆཷࡅࡿೃ⿵⪅ࡀ⌧⫋ᣮᡓ⪅ೃ⿵࡞ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ㑅ᣲ ⤖ᯝࡢຠᯝࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢⅬࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ ᖺ௦ࡢዪᛶೃ⿵⪅㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢ⌧≧ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡓࡵࢹ࣮ ࢱࢭࢵࢺࢆసᡂࡋࠊグ㏙⤫ィࡼࡿ᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇࡽࡣࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺ࠾ࡅ ࡿ⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅ูࡢࠊ୍ே࠶ࡓࡾࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠㢠ࡣ⏨ᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡼࡾࡶከ࠸ࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ᭱ᚋࠊࣜࢰࢼᕞ㆟ࡢዪᛶ㆟ဨࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᛶᕪ ࡼࡾ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢ㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ࡣ౫↛ࡋ࡚ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡍࡿពぢࠊ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡣࠊᛶูࡼࡾࡶᨻ⟇ࢆ㔜 どࡋࠊ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ᨭࢆ⾜࠺ࡍࡿពぢࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊዪᛶࡢᨻཧຍࡣᅔ㞴࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡍࡿඛ ⾜◊✲࡛ࡶᣦࡉࢀࡓ㏻ࡾࠊዪᛶᨻཧຍࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ⎔ቃࡀኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ౫↛ࡋ࡚⏨ዪ࡛ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿឤࡌࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᐇ㝿ࠊ㆟ဨࡽࡑࢀࢆ ࡅࡿពぢࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜࡀ⡿࡛ୖධࡿከࡉࡢዪᛶ㆟ဨࢆᢪ࠼ࡿࣜࢰࢼ ᕞ㆟࡛ࡶ⏨ዪᕪࡼࡿ㑅ᣲࡢฟ㤿ࡢࡋࡸࡍࡉࡢ㐪࠸ࢆព㆑ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡣࠊᚋࠊࡉࡽ ࡞ࡿゎỴྥࡅࡓྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ࠊḟࡢ㸰Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ Ⅼ┠ࡣࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ᨭࡢቑຍ࡞ࡽ ࡧ⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅ࡢ㑅ᣲ㈨㔠ࡢᕪ␗ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢᕪࡀ⦰ᑠࡍࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡉࡽ⤒㐣ほᐹࢆ ⥆ࡅࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸰Ⅼ┠ࡣࠊᡤᒓᨻඪࡀᙜ㑅ᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࠺ࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᨻඪࢆ ࢥࣥࢺ࣮࡛ࣟࣝࡁࡿணഛ㑅ᣲ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࢺࢵࣉ࣭ࢶ࣮࣭ࣉ࣐࣮ࣛࣜ㸦7RSWZRSULPDU\㸧ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚
⤖ㄽ ࠸ࡿᕞࡢᮏ㑅ᣲ࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ዪೃ⿵⪅㛫ࡢ㑅ᣲᡓࡢᙜ㑅≧ἣࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࡉࡽᛶᕪࡀᏑᅾࡍ ࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢ⌧≧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢ㐣ᑠ௦⾲ࡣࠊᚎࠎゎ Ỵࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ౫↛ࡋ࡚㐣ᑠ௦⾲ࡣᚋࡶㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴྥࡅࡓྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡽࠊᚋࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ⪃៖ධࢀ࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡼࡾࠊዪᛶೃ⿵⪅ࡢᙜ㑅せᅉ ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࠊᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢᨻⓗ㐣ᑠ௦⾲࠸࠺ㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴྥࡅࡓᡭࡀࡾࢆᥦ ♧ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
ᒓ㈨ᩱ ཧ⪃㈨ᩱ㸸ᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡢ᥎⛣ ௨ୗࡢࢢࣛࣇࡣࠊ ᖺࡽ ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ⡿ ᕞࡢᕞ㆟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢢࣛࣇ ࡣ㍕ࡏ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊ ᖺ௨㝆ࡢዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊḟࡢ㏻ࡾࠊ ᖺࡣ 㸣ࠊ ᖺࡣ 㸣ࠊ ᖺ ࡣ 㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢢࣛࣇ 4: ⡿ᅜᕞ㆟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜࡢኚ 㸦1971ࠥ2017 ᖺ㸧 㸦ฟ ࣛࢺ࣮࢞ࢫᏛࡢࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ዪᛶᨻࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦&$:3㸧ࠖࡢࣇࢡࢺ࣭ࢩ࣮ࢺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚➹⪅సᡂ㸧ࠋ ཧ⪃㈨ᩱ ᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ዪ㆟ဨูྜ ᖺ⌧ᅾࠊ㐣ཤ᭱㧗ࡢዪᛶ㆟ဨྜ㐩ࡋࡓࠊᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ዪ㆟ဨẚ⋡࡛ࡶࠊࡑࡢྜࡢෆヂࡣࠊḟࡢࢢࣛ ࣇ㸯ࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇࡽࠊᨻ࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢᨻⓗ㐣ᑠ௦⾲ࡣ౫↛ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࢢࣛࣇ 5㸸⡿ 50 ᕞࡢᕞ㆟య࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ዪ㆟ဨྜ㸦2020 ᖺ㸧 㸦ฟ㸸ࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ዪᛶᨻࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦&$:3㸧ࠖࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡼࡾ➹⪅సᡂࠋ㸧 >ୖୗࡢᕞ࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ዪ㆟ဨẚ⋡@㸸ᕞࡼࡗ࡚ࡶዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡀ␗࡞ࡿࠋᕞูࡢዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜ࡛ࡳࡿࠊ ࡢࢿࣂࢲᕞ࡛ࡣ 㸣㸦 ྡ୰ ྡࡀዪᛶ㸧ዪᛶ㆟ဨࡀయࡢ㐣༙ᩘࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࡀࠊ ࡢࢥࣟࣛࢻᕞ࡛ 㸣㸦 ྡ୰ ྡ㸧㐣༙ᩘࢆࡁࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ ࡢ࢚࢘ࢫࢺࣂ࣮ࢪࢽᕞ࡛ 㸣㸦 ྡ୰ ྡ㸧ࠊ ࡢࢸࢿࢩ࣮ᕞ࡛ &HQWHUIRU$PHULFDQ:RPHQDQG3ROLWLFV³)DFW6KHHW´DFFHVVHG'HFHPEHUKWWSV FDZSUXWJHUVHGX ᅗ 1㸸2006 ᖺࠊ2008 ᖺࠊ2010 ᖺࡢᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡢୖ 5 ᕞࡢᆅᅗࠋ ᅗ 2㸸2006 ᖺࠊ2008 ᖺࠊ2010 ᖺࡢᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡢୗ 5 ᕞࡢᆅᅗࠋ ࢢࣛࣇ 6㸸ࢿࣂࢲᕞ㆟ࡢ⏨ዪ㆟ဨྜ㸦2020 ᖺ㸧 ࢢࣛࣇ 7㸸࢙࢘ࢫࢺࣂ࣮ࢪࢽᕞ㆟ࡢ㆟ဨྜ㸦2020 ᖺ㸧
ࢢࣛࣇ 4: ⡿ᅜᕞ㆟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨࡢྜࡢኚ 㸦1971ࠥ2017 ᖺ㸧 ࢢࣛࣇ 5㸸⡿ 50 ᕞࡢᕞ㆟య࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ዪ㆟ဨྜ㸦2020 ᖺ㸧 㸣㸦 ྡ୰ ྡ㸧࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊୖୗࡢᕞࡢᕪࡶ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ᅗ 1㸸2006 ᖺࠊ2008 ᖺࠊ2010 ᖺࡢᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡢୖ 5 ᕞࡢᆅᅗࠋ 㸦ฟ㸸ࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ዪᛶᨻࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦&$:3㸧ࠖࡢࣇࢡࢺ࣭ࢩ࣮ࢺࡢᩘ್ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ➹⪅సᡂࠋ㸧 ᅗ 2㸸2006 ᖺࠊ2008 ᖺࠊ2010 ᖺࡢᕞ㆟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶ㆟ဨྜࡢୗ 5 ᕞࡢᆅᅗࠋ 㸦ฟ㸸ࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ዪᛶᨻࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦&$:3㸧ࠖࡢࣇࢡࢺ࣭ࢩ࣮ࢺࡢᩘ್ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ➹⪅సᡂࠋ㸧 &HQWHUIRU$PHULFDQ:RPHQDQG3ROLWLFV³:RPHQLQ6WDWH/HJLVODWXUHV´DFFHVVHG'HFHPEHU KWWSV FDZSUXWJHUVHGX &HQWHUIRU$PHULFDQ:RPHQDQG3ROLWLFV³)DFW6KHHW´DFFHVVHG-DQXDU\KWWSV FDZSUXWJHUVHGX ,ELG ࢢࣛࣇ 6㸸ࢿࣂࢲᕞ㆟ࡢ⏨ዪ㆟ဨྜ㸦2020 ᖺ㸧 㸦ฟ㸸ࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ዪᛶᨻࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦&$:3㸧ࠖ ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚➹⪅సᡂࠋ㸧 ࢢࣛࣇ 7㸸࢙࢘ࢫࢺࣂ࣮ࢪࢽᕞ㆟ࡢ㆟ဨྜ㸦2020 ᖺ㸧 㸦ฟ㸸ࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ዪᛶᨻࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦&$:3㸧ࠖࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ ࢆ⏝࠸࡚➹⪅సᡂࠋ㸧
ཧ⪃㈨ᩱ㸸ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ㉁ၥ⾲ ㆟ဨࡢ㉁ၥ⾲㸸 4XHVWLRQQDLUH
This questionnaire consists in two parts: (1㸧Interview: Main questions, (2㸧Discussion: Extra questions. My research is about how to increase the number of women in state legislature. In this interview, I would like to focus on two aspects: women’s recruitment and campaign finance.
㸦㸯㸧Interview: Main Questions $VDIHPDOH 4㸸 ,QRIPHPEHURIVWDWHOHJLVODWXUHLQ$UL]RQDZHUHZRPHQ&RPSDUHGZLWKRWKHUVWDWHV WKLVLVDWRSQXPEHU:K\GR\RXWKLQNWKHUHLVVXFKDODUJHQXPEHURIIHPDOHOHJLVODWRUV" 4㸸 :KDWZHUHWKHPRVWFKDOOHQJLQJDVSHFWRIZLQQLQJWKHHOHFWLRQIRU\RX" 4㸸 'XULQJWKHHOHFWLRQGLG\RXIHHODGYDQWDJHGRUGLVDGYDQWDJHGDVDZRPDQ" 4㸸 3UHYLRXVVWXG\FRQFOXGHVWKDWWKHPXOWLPHPEHUGLVWULFWVWHQGWRKDYHPRUHZRPHQWKDQVLQJOH PHPEHUGLVWULFW'R\RXWKLQNZRPHQZLOOZLQWKHPXOWLPHPEHUGLVWULFWUDWKHUWKDQVLQJOHPHPEHU GLVWULFW" &DPSDLJQ)XQGV 4㸸 'R\RXWKLQNFDPSDLJQILQDQFHLQIOXHQFHWKHHOHFWLRQUHVXOW" 4㸸 +RZGLG\RXUDLVHFDPSDLJQIXQGV" 4㸸 +RZGLG\RXDSSURDFKGRQRUV" 4㸸 0D\,DVNKRZ\RXXVHGWKHPRQH\" 4㸸 :KDWGR\RXWKLQNDUHWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWIDFWRUVRIEHLQJHOHFWHGLQWKHSULPDU\HOHFWLRQ" 㸦)RUH[DPSOHSROLF\SDUW\RFFXSDWLRQRUFDPSDLJQILQDQFH㸧 ,QSULPDU\HOHFWLRQVFDQGLGDWHVZLOOFRPSHWHZLWKPHPEHUVRIWKHVDPHSDUW\ 4㸸 :KDWGR\RXWKLQNDUHWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWIDFWRUVRIEHLQJHOHFWHGLQWKHJHQHUDOHOHFWLRQ" 㸦)RUH[DPSOHSROLF\SDUW\RFFXSDWLRQRUFDPSDLJQILQDQFH㸧 㸦㸰㸧'LVFXVVLRQ ([WUD4XHVWLRQV
In the discussion, I would like to talk freely some topics, as in the examples given below. 4㸸 :KDWPDGH\RXLQWHUHVWHGLQEHFRPLQJDVWDWHOHJLVODWRU" 4㸸 ,I\RXXVHDQ\ERRNVRUUHVHDUFKHVDVDUHIHUHQFHIRU\RXUZRUNZRXOG\RXWHOOPHWKHGRFXPHQW" 4㸸 :KDWLVWKHPRVWUHZDUGLQJDVSHFWRIEHLQJDVWDWHOHJLVODWRU" 4㸸 <RXKDYHGRQHPDQ\FRQWULEXWLRQVWR$UL]RQD6WDWHDVDOHJLVODWRU,Q\RXUZRUNZKLFKDUHDGLG \RXSXWLQPRUHHIIRUWWR"
Thank you for your cooperation.
Questionnaire
㸦㸯㸧Interview: Main Questions
㸦㸰㸧Discussion: Extra Questions
㸦㸯㸧Interview: Main Questions
㸦㸰㸧
Thank you for your cooperation.
㆟ဨ C ࡢࢩࢫࢱࣥࢺ C ࡢ㉁ၥ⾲㸸 㸨࡞࠾ࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝᐇ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ♫ᅋἲே᪥⡿༠ࠕ ᖺ࣓ࣜ࢝◊✲ຓᡂࣉࣟ ࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡢຓᡂࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ Questionnaire
This questionnaire consists in two parts: (1) Interview: Main questions (2) Discussion: Extra questions. My research is about how to increase the number of women in state legislature. In this interview, I would like to focus on two aspects: women’s recruitment and campaign finance.
㸦㸯㸧Interview: Main Questions 5HJDUGLQJIHPDOHOHJLVODWRUV 4㸸 ,QRIPHPEHURIVWDWHOHJLVODWXUHLQ$UL]RQDZHUHZRPHQ&RPSDUHGZLWKRWKHU VWDWHVWKLVLVDWRSQXPEHU:K\GR\RXWKLQNWKHUHLVVXFKDODUJHQXPEHURIIHPDOHOHJLVODWRUV" 4㸸 :KDWGR\RXWKLQNZHUHWKHPRVWFKDOOHQJLQJDVSHFWRIZLQQLQJWKHHOHFWLRQ" 4㸸 'R\RXWKLQNIHPDOHFDQGLGDWHVIHHODGYDQWDJHGRUGLVDGYDQWDJHGDVDZRPDQ" 4㸸 3UHYLRXVVWXG\FRQFOXGHVWKDWWKHPXOWLPHPEHUGLVWULFWVWHQGWRKDYHPRUHZRPHQWKDQVLQJOH PHPEHU GLVWULFW 'R \RX WKLQN ZRPHQ ZLOO ZLQ WKH PXOWLPHPEHU GLVWULFW UDWKHU WKDQ VLQJOH PHPEHUGLVWULFW" &DPSDLJQ)XQGV 4㸸 'R\RXWKLQNFDPSDLJQILQDQFHLQIOXHQFHWKHHOHFWLRQUHVXOW" 4㸸 :KDWGR\RXWKLQNDUHWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWIDFWRUVRIEHLQJHOHFWHGLQWKHSULPDU\HOHFWLRQ" 㸦)RUH[DPSOHSROLF\SDUW\RFFXSDWLRQRUFDPSDLJQILQDQFH㸧 ,QSULPDU\HOHFWLRQVFDQGLGDWHVZLOOFRPSHWHZLWKPHPEHUVRIWKHVDPHSDUW\ 4㸸 :KDWGR\RXWKLQNDUHWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWIDFWRUVRIEHLQJHOHFWHGLQWKHJHQHUDOHOHFWLRQ" 㸦)RUH[DPSOHSROLF\SDUW\RFFXSDWLRQRUFDPSDLJQILQDQFH㸧
㸦㸰㸧Discussion: Extra Questions
4㸸 ,QWKHGLVFXVVLRQ,ZRXOGOLNHWRWDONIUHHO\VRPHWRSLFVDVLQWKHH[DPSOHVJLYHQEHORZ 4㸸 :KDWPDGH\RXLQWHUHVWHGLQEHFRPLQJDQDVVLVWDQW"
4㸸 :KDWLVWKHPRVWUHZDUGLQJDVSHFWRIEHLQJDQDVVLVWDQW" 4㸸 :KDWGR\RXZDQWWREHLQWKHIXWXUH"
