JAIST Repository: 欧米の議会における科学技術分野の機能強化の動向

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JAIST Repository

https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/

Title

欧米の議会における科学技術分野の機能強化の動向

Author(s)

榎, 孝浩

Citation

年次学術大会講演要旨集, 34: 350-353

Issue Date

2019-10-26

Type

Conference Paper

Text version

publisher

URL

http://hdl.handle.net/10119/16634

Rights

本著作物は研究・イノベーション学会の許可のもとに

掲載するものです。This material is posted here

with permission of the Japan Society for Research

Policy and Innovation Management.

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Ḣ⡿ࡢ㆟఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ศ㔝ࡢᶵ⬟ᙉ໬ࡢືྥ

ۑᴮ Ꮥᾈ㸦ᅜ❧ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋㸧

ᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣࠊ⡿ᅜࡢ㐃㑥㆟఍ࠊ

EU ㆟఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ศ㔝ࡢᶵ⬟ᙉ໬࡟ྥࡅࡓືࡁࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ

௨ୗࠊ⡿ᅜࡢ㐃㑥㆟఍ࡢືྥࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࠋ

⡿ᅜ

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㐃㑥㆟఍࡟ᢏ⾡ホ౯ᒁ㸦

Office of Technology Assessment: OTA㸧ࡣࠊ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡀ♫఍࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪➼ࢆ

ホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ

1973 ᖺ࡟㐃㑥㆟఍࡟๰タࡉࢀࡓᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿࠋOTA ࡣ㆟఍ TA ࡢඛ㥑ࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢᙳ㡪

ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ

1980 ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊḢᕞྛᅜ࡛ࡶ㆟఍ TA ᶵ㛵ࡢタ⨨ࡀ㐍ࢇࡔࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉ࠊOTA ⮬యࡣࠊඹ࿴ඪ

ࡢࢠࣥࢢࣜࢵࢪ㸦

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ࡀ෾⤖ࡉࢀࠊ

㸦஦ᐇୖ㸧ᗫṆࡉࢀࡓ

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ࠋ

OTA ࡢ 1995 ᖺࡢண⟬㢠ࡣ 2197 ୓ࢻࣝ㸦⣙ 21 ൨෇㸧ࠊேဨ 143 ྡ

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_{OTA ᗫṆࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤࠊࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥ㸦William J. Clinton㸧ᨻᶒ࡛⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᨻ⟇ᒁ㸦Office of}

Science and Technology Policy: OSTP㸧࡟㌿㌟ࡋࡓࢠ࣎ࣥࢫ㸦John H. Gibbons㸧ᒁ㛗ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿேᮦ㠃

࡟ຍ࠼ࠊᡓ␎㜵⾨ᵓ᝿㸦

SDI㸧➼ࡢᨻᶒࡢྲྀ⤌ࢆᢈุࡍࡿ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ➼࡟ࡼࡾࠊඹ࿴ඪಖᏲὴ࠿ࡽඪὴᛶ

࡟␲ᛕࢆᣢࡓࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡢ࡯࠿ࠊձ㆟఍ㄪᰝᒁ㸦

Congressional Research Service: CRS㸧ࠊᨻᗓㄝ᫂㈐௵

ᒁ㸦

Government Accountability Office: GAO㸧

3

_{࡞࡝௚ࡢ⿵బᶵ㛵࡟ࡼࡿ௦᭰ྍ⬟ᛶࠊղ࣏࣮ࣞࢺห⾜ࡲ࡛}

࡟

18-24 ࠿᭶ࡢᮇ㛫࡜㆟఍ࡢάືࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡟ྜࢃ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊճ1 ௳ᙜࡓࡾ 50 ୓ࢻࣝ࡜ࡶ࠸ࢃࢀࡓࢥࢫࢺࠊ

ճᩘⓒ࣮࣌ࢪ࡟ཬࡪ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢ෕㛗ᛶ࡞࡝ࠊᵝࠎ࡞せᅉࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊ⤖ᒁࡣඹ࿴ඪࡢ㆟఍ᨵ㠉ࡢ≛

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OTA ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ௦᭰ࡍࡿᶵ㛵➼ࡣ⌧ࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㆟఍ᶵ㛵ࡢேဨ๐ῶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᙉ࠸༴ᶵឤࡀ

♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ

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࡞࠾ࠊ

OTA ᗫṆᚋࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࢬ㸦National Research Council: NRC ࡜ࡶ㸧ࡢά⏝ࡀ୍᫬ⓗ࡟

㐍ࢇࡔࡀࠊ࡯࡝࡞ࡃඖࡢỈ‽࡟ᡠࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ

5

_ࠋ

1_{OTA ࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࡣ୺࡟ḟࡢ㈨ᩱ࡟ࡼࡿࠋAdam Keiper, “Science and Congress,” The New Atlantis, No.7, Fall 2004 /}

Winter 2005, pp.19-50. <https://www.thenewatlantis.com/docLib/TNA07-Keiper.pdf>; ⏣୰ஂᚨࠕ⡿ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㆟఍ࢸࢡࣀ ࣟࢪ࣮࣭࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ―㆟఍ᢏ⾡ホ౯ᒁ㸦OTA㸧ࡢᯝࡓࡋࡓᙺ๭࡜ࡑࡢᚋࡢᒎ㛤―ࠖࠗࣞࣇ࢓ࣞࣥࢫ࠘No.675, 2007.4, pp.99-115. <https://doi.org/10.11501/999752>; Peter D. Blair, “Congress’s Own Think Tank: Learning from the Legacy of the Office of Technology Assessment (1972-1995),” Science and Public Policy, Vol.41 No.4, 2013.8, pp.449-457. <https:/ /doi.org/10.1093/scipol/sct057>

2_{Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1995 (P.L.103-283) ேဨࡣண⟬ୖࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ 200 ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓ}

࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊண⟬㢠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࢖ࣥࣇࣞ⋡ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ⌧ᅾ㢠࡛ࡣ_{3500 ୓ࢻࣝ㸦⣙ 37.8 ൨෇㸧࡜࡞ࡿࠋ}

3_{GAO ࡣࠊ2004 ᖺ࡟⌧ᅾࡢྡ⛠࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸦GAO Human Capital Reform Act of 2004 (P.L.108-271)㸧ࠋOTA ᗫṆᙜ᫬㸦20}

04 ᖺ௨๓㸧ࡣࠊࠕGeneral Accounting Office࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

4_{Bill Pascrell Jr., “Why is Congress so dumb?: We lawmakers dumped our in-house experts. Now lobbyists do the thinki}

ng for us.” Washington Post, 2019.1.11. <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/posteverything/wp/2019/01/11/feature/why-is -congress-so-dumb/>; Editorial Board, “Legislators struggle with tech. That’s why we need the Office of Technology Ass essment.” 2018.9.17. <https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/legislators-struggle-with-tech-thats-why-we-need-the-office-of -technology-assessment/2018/09/17/bb7c30c6-b860-11e8-a7b5-adaaa5b2a57f_story.html>

5_{Peter D. Blair, op.cit(1), pp.454-455; “Congressionally Mandated Reports” National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, a}

nd Medicine Website <http://www.nationalacademies.org/OCGA/105Session1/mandated-reports/> 㐃㑥㆟఍ࡣࠊἲᚊ࡟ࡼࡾ 㐃㑥⾜ᨻᶵ㛵࡟ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࢬ࡟ㅎၥࡸㄪᰝࢆ⩏ົ௜ࡅࠊࡑࡢண⟬ࢆᥐ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ ࢬ࡜┤᥋ዎ⣙ࢆ⥾⤖ࡋࠊண⟬㓄ศࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿಶูࡢࣈ࣮ࣜࣇ࢕ࣥࢢࡸ㆟

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2A21.pdf :2

ࡑࢇ࡞୰ࠊ

2001 ᖺࠊẸ୺ඪࡢ࣍ࣝࢺ㸦Rush D. Holt㸧ୗ㝔㆟ဨ

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2000 ୓ࢻࣝ㸧࡛

OTA ࢆ᚟άࡉࡏࡿἲ᱌ࢆᥦฟࡋࡓ

7

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ᑂ㆟ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ௚᪉࡛ࠊྠᖺࠊྛ㝔ࡢṓฟጤဨ఍ࡀࠊ

TA ࡢࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᐇ᪋ࢆ GAO

࡟せㄳࡋࡓ

8

ࠋ௨ᚋ

2006 ᖺࡲ࡛ࠊྛ㝔ࡢṓฟጤဨ఍࡛ྠᵝࡢ㆟ㄽࡸせㄳࡀ㔜ࡡࡽࢀࠊࡘ࠸࡟ 2008 ᖺ⤫ྜ

ṓฟἲ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ

_{GAO ࡟ 250 ୓ࢻࣝ㸦⣙ 2.7 ൨෇㸧ࡢண⟬ࡀᥐ⨨ࡉࢀ}

9

_ࠊ

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ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ

⾲㸯 ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡㛵㐃ࡢ㆟఍ᶵ㛵➼ࡢேဨࡢ᥎⛣㸦

1990-2015㸧

ᶵ㛵㡯┠ 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 CRS ண⟬_ேဨ 4,700 ୓ࢻࣝ _{797 ே} 6,000 ୓ࢻࣝ _{746 ே} 7,100 ୓ࢻࣝ _{696 ே} 9,600 ୓ࢻࣝ 11,200 ୓ࢻࣝ 10,700 ୓ࢻࣝ _{700 ே} _{679 ே} _{609 ே} GAO ண⟬_ேဨ 36,500 ୓ࢻࣝ 44,900 ୓ࢻࣝ 37,800 ୓ࢻࣝ 46,700 ୓ࢻࣝ 55,700 ୓ࢻࣝ 52,200 ୓ࢻࣝ _{5,056 ே} _{4,572 ே} _{3,192 ே} _{3,215 ே} _{3350 ே} _{2,989 ே} ୗ㝔⛉Ꮫ࣭Ᏹᐂ࣭ ᢏ⾡ጤဨ఍ࢫࢱࢵࣇ 79 ே 㸦1989㸧 48 ே 58 ே 60 ே 61 ே 45 ே ୖ㝔ၟᴗ࣭⛉Ꮫ࣭ 㐠㍺ጤဨ఍ࢫࢱࢵࣇ 76 ே 㸦1989㸧 56 ே 54 ே 58 ே 60 ே 㸦2009㸧 57 ே 㸦ὀ㸧ண⟬㢠ࡢ᥎⛣ࢆࡳࡿሙྜࠊ࢖ࣥࣇࣞ⋡➼ࡶ⪃៖ࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡍ࡭࡚ṓฟἲ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᙜ᫬ࡢィୖ㢠࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦ฟ඾㸧Daniel D’Arcy et al., Congress Needs the Office of Technology Assessment to Keep up with Science and Technolo

gy, Bipartisan Policy Center, 2019.8, pp.6-8. (Table 3) <https://bipartisanpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Congr

ess-Needs-the-Office-of-Technology-Assessment-to-Keep-up-with-Science-and-Technology-002.pdf>; Vital Statistics on

Congress, Brookings Institution, 2019.3. <https://www.brookings.edu/multi-chapter-report/vital-statistics-on-congress/>

GAO ࡛ࡣࠊTA ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿ㤳ᖍ⛉Ꮫᐁ㸦Chief Scientist㸧ࡢ⫋ࡀ᪂タࡉࢀࠊ୺࡟᝟ሗᢏ⾡ศ㔝ࢆᑐ㇟࡟

タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓᢏ⾡࣭ᕤᏛࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦

Center for Technology and Engineering㸧ࡀ⛉Ꮫ࣭ᢏ⾡࣭ᕤᏛࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦Center

for Science, Technology and Engineering: CSTE㸧࡟ᨵ⤌ࡉࢀࡓࠋCSTE ࡟ࡣࠊ⣙ 40 ேࡀ㓄⨨ࡉࢀࠊGAO ࡢ

㏻ᖖࡢ┘ᰝ࡬ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗຓゝ➼ࢆ⾜࠺࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ

TA ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ

10

_ࠋ

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యㄆドࠊ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡢࢧ࢖ࣂ࣮ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕ࠊẼೃᕤᏛࠊ

㸦ῐ㸧Ỉ㈨※ࠊឤᰁ⑕ࡢデ᩿ᢏ⾡ࠊ

_{AI ࡞࡝ከᒱ}

࡟ࢃࡓࡗࡓࡀࠊண⟬ேဨࡸ㆟఍࡜ࡢㄪᩚ➼࡟ࡼࡿไ⣙ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᐇ᪋௳ᩘࡣ

1 ᖺ࠶ࡓࡾ 1-2 ௳⛬ᗘ࡛᥎⛣

ࡋ

11

_{ࠊ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢห⾜ࡲ࡛}

_{2 ᖺࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ}

12

_ࠋ

2019 ᖺ 1 ᭶ࠊGAO ࡣࠊୖ㝔ࡢṓฟጤဨ఍ࡢせㄳ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚

13

ࠊ

CSTE ࢆᇶ࡟ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟⛉Ꮫ࣭ᢏ⾡ホ౯࣭

ศᯒᐊ㸦

Science, Technology Assessment, and Analytics: STAA㸧ࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓ

14

_ࠋ

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㸦

S&T Program Oversight㸧ࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫࡸ

᝟ሗᢏ⾡➼࡟ࡼࡗ࡚┘ᰝ࣭ศᯒࡢ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆᅗࡿ᪂ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㸦

Innovation Lab㸧ࡀ⨨࠿ࢀࡓࠋ

TA ࡣࠊCSTE ࢆᇶ࡟ࡋࡓ

ᢏ⾡ホ౯࣭ᢏ⾡ᨭ᥼ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㸦

Technology Assessment and Technical Assistance㸧

ࡀᢸ࠸ࠊ

1 ᖺ࠶ࡓࡾ TA ࢆ 1-3 ௳ࠊࡲࡓ┘ᰝࢆ 1-3 ௳ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿィ⏬࡛࠶ࡿࠋSTAA ࡣ CSTE ࠿ࡽᘬࡁ⥆ࡁࠊ

఍ドゝࡣ㐺ᐅᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋGrant Tudor and Justin Warner, The Congressional Futures Office: A Modern Model for

Science & Technology Expertise in Congress, 2019.6, p.70. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs <https://w

ww.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/2019-06/PAE/CongressionalFuturesOffice.pdf>

6_{༤ኈྕྲྀᚓᚋࠊᅜົ┬ࡸࣉࣜࣥࢫࢺࣥࣉࣛࢬ࣐≀⌮◊✲ᡤ࡟໅ົࡋࡓࠋᘬ㏥ᚋ 2015-2019 ᖺࡣࠊAAAS ࡢ CEO ࢆົࡵࡓࠋ} 7_{H.R.2148 - To reestablish he Office of Technology Assessment. (107}th_Congress)

8_{Genevieve J. Knezo, “Technology Assessment in Congress: History and Legislative Options,” CRS Report, RS21585, 200}

5.5.20, pp.4-6. <https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS21586.pdf>; GAO, Science, Technology Assessment, and Analytics Team: Init

ial Plan and Considerations Moving Forward, 2019.4.10, pp.5-6. <https://www.gao.gov/pdfs/about/GAOScienceTechPlan-20

19-04-10.pdf>

9_{Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (P.L.110-161)}

10_{Reinhard Grünwald ed., Parliamentary Technology Assessment in Europe: An overview of 17 institutions and how they}

work, European Parliamentary Technology Assessment, 2012.11, pp.94-97. <https://eptanetwork.org/static-html/comparative-t

able/countryreport/usa.html> ྛ TA ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡟ᢸᙜ⪅ࡣ㓄⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊCSTE ⮬యࡣ TA ᑓᒓ⤌⧊࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

11_{Ibid.; “Technology & Science Related Reports” GAO Website <https://www.gao.gov/technology_and_science#t=1>} 12_{Tudor and Warner op.cit(5), p.69.}

13_{S. Rept.115-274 – Legislative Branch Appropriations, 2019 (115}th _{Congress), 2018.6.14, p.48. <https://www.congress.gov/1}

15/crpt/srpt274/CRPT-115srpt274.pdf>

14_{௨ୗࡢグ㏙ࡣ୺࡟ḟࡢ㈨ᩱ࡟ࡼࡿࠋGAO, op.cit(8); 㐲⸨ᝅࠕᨻᗓ࢔࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ࢕࣮ᐊ㸦GAO㸧࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢸࢡࣀࣟ}

(4)

㏻ᖖࡢ┘ᰝ࡬ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗຓゝ➼ࡶᢸ࠸ࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ

TA ᑓᒓ⤌⧊࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋTA 㛵㐃ࡢྲྀ⤌࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊձᨻ⟇

࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥࡢᥦ♧ࠊղ

2 ࣮࣌ࢪࡢ▷࠸ࣈ࣮ࣜࣇ࢕ࣥࢢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢసᡂ࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

15

_ࠋࡲࡓࠊ

GAO ࡢ TA ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡍ࡭࡚ࠊጤဨ఍ࡸᑠጤဨ఍㸦ࡢጤဨ㛗ࡸ➹㢌ጤဨ㸧࠿ࡽࡢせㄳ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ

௒ᚋࠊ㆟ဨಶே࠿ࡽࡢせㄳ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢࡸࠊ⮬Ⓨⓗ࣭⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆቑࡸࡍࡇ࡜ࡶ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

16

ࠋ

OTA ࡢㄪᰝ㸦ࡸࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢண⟬㸧ࡣࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࣮࣋ࢫ࡛࠶ࡾࠊୖ㝔࣭ୗ㝔㆟ဨྛ 6 ྡࠊࡲࡓ

୚㔝ඪྠᩘ㸦ྛ

3 ྡ㸧࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿᢏ⾡ホ౯⌮஦఍㸦Technology Assessment Board: TAB㸧ࡢᢎㄆࡀᚲせ

࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ

OTA ࡣつᶍ࡟཯ࡋ࡚⮬ᚊⓗ࡞άືࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓ

17

_ࠋ

_{GAO ࡢ TA ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊGAO}

࡜㐃㑥㆟఍ࡢ㛵ಀࢆつᐃࡍࡿ㆟఍ࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝ㸦

Congressional Protocols㸧ࡣ⌧ᅾఱࡽゝཬࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ

18

ࠊ

௒ᚋぢ┤ࡋࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

27$ ᚟ά㸽

࣍ࣝࢺୗ㝔㆟ဨࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠊ

OTA ᚟άࡣୗ㝔࡛ఱᗘࡶヨࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶඹ࿴ඪࡢᨭᣢࢆᚓࡽࢀࡎࠊ

ྍỴ࡟⮳ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊẸ୺ඪෆࡢᨭᣢࡣᅛࡲࡾࠊ㈶ᡂ⚊ࡣᚎࠎ࡟ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ

19

ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊẸ୺ඪࡢ

࣌ࣟࢩ㸦

Nancy Pelosi㸧㝔ෆ⥲ົ㸦⌧࣭ୗ㝔㆟㛗㸧ࡣࠊ2018 ᖺ࡟බ⣙ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

20

ࠋࢺࣛࣥࣉ㸦

Donald

Trump㸧ᨻᶒୗࡢ 2018 ᖺ୰㛫㑅ᣲ࡛ࠊẸ୺ඪࡀୗ㝔ࡢከᩘὴ࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡘ࠸࡟ 2019 ᖺ 5 ᭶ࠊୗ㝔ࡢṓฟ

ጤဨ఍࡛ࠊ

OTA ᚟άࡢึᮇ㈝⏝࡜ࡋ࡚ 600 ୓ࢻࣝ㸦⣙ 6.5 ൨෇㸧ࢆ 2020 ᖺᗘண⟬࡛ᥐ⨨ࡍࡿ᱌ࡀྍỴ

ࡉࢀࡓ

21

_{ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊୖ㝔࡛ࡣඹ࿴ඪࡀከᩘὴ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ}

_{2019 ᖺ 9 ᭶࡟ୖ㝔ࡢṓฟጤဨ఍ࡀ᥇Ỵࡋࡓ 2020 ᖺ}

ࡢ❧ἲᗓṓฟἲ᱌࡛ࡣࠊඛ㏙ࡢ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ศ㔝ࢆྵࡴ

GAO ࡢண⟬ቑࡣ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊOTA ᚟άࡣ

┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸

22

_ࠋ

_{OTA ᚟άࡢᡂྰࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡢ୧㝔ࡢ༠㆟ḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ}

ࡲࡓࠊ௬࡟

_{OTA ᚟ά࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᗫṆ᫬ࡑࡢࡲࡲ࡟᚟άࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼㞴࠸≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ}

2019 ᖺ 7 ᭶ࠊୗ㝔ࡢ㆟఍㏆௦໬≉ูጤဨ఍ࡀࠊ᪂⏕ OTA ࡢ᚟ά࣭෌ᵓ⠏㸦Reestablishing and restructuring

an improved Office of Technology Assessment㸧ࢆྵࡴ່࿌᱌ࢆ඲఍୍⮴࡛᥇ᢥࡋࡓ

23

_{ࠋබ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ່࿌᱌}

㸦ᴫせ㸧ࡣࠊ᪂⏕

OTA ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ➼ࡢヲ⣽࡟ゐࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㆟఍ᢏ⾡࣭࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ

ࣛ࣎㸦

Congressional Technology and Innovation Lab㸧࡜࠸࠺ྡ⛠࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

24

_{ࠋࡇࡢ࡯࠿ࠊ๓㆟఍}

ᮇࡢ

2018 ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊୗ㝔ࡢṓฟጤဨ఍ࡀ CRS ࡟ࠊୖ㝔ࡢṓฟጤဨ఍ࡀ GAO ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࠊ฼⏝ྍ⬟࡞

⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡㸦ᨻ⟇㸧࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㆟఍ࡢ᝟ሗ※ࢆ඲⡿⾜ᨻ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮㸦

National Academy of Public Administration:

NAPA㸧࡜ホ౯ࡋࠊ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ඪὴᛶࡢ࡞࠸ຓゝࢆ⾜࠺᪂⤌⧊㸦ࡢ₯ᅾⓗ㟂せ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊㄪᰝ

ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ

25

ࠋࡇࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ

2019 ᖺ 10 ᭶ᮎ࡟බ⾲ࡉࢀࡿணᐃ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ

26

ࠋ

15_{2019 ᖺ 9 ᭶ࠊձ㉸㡢㏿රჾࠊղ☜⋡ᆺ㑇ఏᏊᆺุᐃࠊճ࢜ࣆ࢜࢖ࢻ࣡ࢡࢳࣥࠊմࣈࣟࢵࢡࢳ࢙࣮࣭ࣥศᩓᆺྎᖒᢏ⾡}

ࡢ_{4 ࡘࡢࣈ࣮ࣜࣇ࢕ࣥࢢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆබ⾲ࡋࡓࠋ}

16_{Tudor and Warner op.cit(5), pp.68-69.}

17_{Technology Assessment Act of 1972㸦P.L.92-484㸧➨ 4 ᮲(a)㸦2 USC§473㸧 ࡞࠾ࠊ㆟Ỵᶒࡣ᭷ࡋ࡞࠸ࡀࠊOTA ᒁ㛗ࡶ}

ᵓᡂဨ࡜ࡉࢀࡓࠋ

18_{GAO's Congressional Protocols, GAO-17-767G, 2017.7.17. <https://www.gao.gov/assets/690/685901.pdf>}

19_{2010 ᖺ௦ࡢಟṇᥦ᱌࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊḟࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋH.Amdt.711 to H.R.2551 (112}th_{Congress); H.Amdt.649 to H.R.}

4487 (113th_{Congress); H.Amdt.1171 to H.R.5325 (114}th_{Congress); H.Amdt.219 to H.R.3219 (115}th_{Congress); H.Amdt.7}

61 to H.R.5895 (115th_Congress)

20_{“Tools to Succeed in the 21st Century,” A Better Deal (Democratic Leader (Nancy Pelosi) Website) 2018.5.22. <https://a}

betterdeal.democraticleader.gov/the-proposals/teachers-and-students/>

21_{H.R.2779 - Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2020 (116}th_{Congress); H. Rept.116-64 – Legislative Branch Appropr}

iations Bill, 2020 (116th_{Congress), 2019.5.16, pp.17-18. <https://www.congress.gov/116/crpt/hrpt64/CRPT-116hrpt64.pdf>} 22_{S.2581 - An original bill making appropriations for the Legislative Branch for the fiscal year ending September 30, 202}

0, and for other purposes. (116th_{Congress); S. Rept.116-124 – Legislative Branch Appropriations, 2020, 2019.9.26,}

pp.4-5, 52-53. <https://www.congress.gov/116/crpt/srpt124/CRPT-116srpt124.pdf>

23_{“Select Committee Unanimously Approves Second Round of Congressional Recommendations.” Select Committee on the}

Modernization of Congress Website <https://modernizecongress.house.gov/news/press-releases/select-committee-unanimously -approves-second-round-congressional-recommendations>

24_{㆟఍㏆௦໬≉ูጤဨ఍ࡢጤဨ࡛࠶ࡿඹ࿴ඪࡢࢹ࢖ࣅࢫ㸦Rodney Davis㸧ୗ㝔㆟ဨࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࠋ“Select Committ}

ee On Modernization Approves Technology Recommendations From Davis And DelBene,” Committee on House Adminis tration Republicans (Website) 2019.7.26. <https://republicans-cha.house.gov/media/press-releases/select-committee-modernizati on-approves-technology-recommendations-davis-and>

25_{H. Rept. 115-696 – Legislative Branch Appropriations Bill, 2019, p.19.}

<https://www.congress.gov/115/crpt/hrpt696/CRPT-115hrpt696.pdf>; op.cit(13), pp.48-49.

26_{“Work-in-Progress: Congressional Research Service - Science and Technology Policy Assessment,” 2019.1.16. National A}

(5)

2A21.pdf :4

⤖ㄒ

᫖௒ࡢࢹࢪࢱࣝᢏ⾡ࢆࡵࡄࡿㄢ㢟࡬ࡢྲྀ⤌ࢆ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ศ㔝ࡢᶵ⬟ᙉ໬ࡢᚲせᛶࡣࠊඪὴࢆ

㉸࠼࡚ᨭᣢࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㆟఍

TA ࡢ㢮ᆺ࡟ࡣࠊጤဨ఍ᆺࠊෆ㒊ᶵ㛵ᆺࠊእ㒊ᶵ㛵ᆺࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ

27

_ࠊ

⡿ᅜࡢ㐃㑥㆟఍࡛ࡣෆ㒊ᶵ㛵㸦࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫ㸧ᆺࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣍ࣝࢺ๓

CEO ࡢୗ࡛ࠊAAAS ࡶ OTA

᚟ά࡟ྥࡅࡓ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡸㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸

28

_{ࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࢻ኱Ꮫ࣋ࣝࣇ࢓࣮ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀࠊ}

_{OTA ࡸ}

GAO ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄪᰝᐇ᪋࡟≉໬ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࡢቃ⏺⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿ㆟఍

ᮍ᮶ᒁ㸦

Congressional Future Office: CFO㸧ࡀᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆබ⾲ࡍࡿ࡞࡝

29

_{ࠊ㆟఍እࡢ㆟ㄽ}

ࡶ┒ࡾୖࡀࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊㄪᰝࡸࡑࡢᡂᯝ≀ࡢつᶍࠊࡲࡓ㆟఍㸦ጤဨ఍㸧άື࡬ࡢά⏝ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࠊ

᪤Ꮡࡢ㆟఍ᶵ㛵࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡞࡝ࠊඹ࿴ඪ࣭ಖᏲὴࢆྵࡴලయⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡣᮍࡔ୙༑ศ࡞㒊ศࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋ

௒ᚋࡶືྥࢆὀどࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ

ὀ

➹⪅ࡢᡤᒓࡍࡿ⤌⧊ࡢぢゎࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ

27_{Michael Nentwich, Parliamentary Technology Assessment Institutions and Practices: A Systematic Comparison of 15 Me}

mbers of the EPTA Network, 2016.10. <http://epub.oeaw.ac.at/ita/ita-manuscript/ita_16_02.pdf>

28_{Karen Akerlof et.al., Congress’s Use of Science: Considerations for science organizations in promoting use of evidence i}

n policymaking, AAAS, 2018. <https://mcmprodaaas.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/content_files/Congress%27s%20use%20o

f%20science%20031918.pdf?tBHp1BQmO6RYe0uKiRrW.LSlIq8k_Ixk>

29_{Tudor and Warner op.cit(5); Mike Miesen et.al., Building a 21st Century Congress: Improving Congress’s Science and Tech}

nology Expertise, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, 2019.9. <https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/2

JAIST Repository: 欧米の議会における科学技術分野の機能強化の動向