熊本大学学術リポジトリ Kumamoto University Repositor Title ベナー / ルーベル看護論における現象学的ストレス論 Author(s) 木村, 眞知子 Citation 先端倫理研究, 7: Issue date Type URL De

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熊本大学学術リポジトリ

Kumamoto University Repository System

Title

ベナー/ルーベル看護論における現象学的ストレス論

Author(s)

木村, 眞知子

Citation

先端倫理研究, 7: 94-108

Issue date

2013-03

Type

Departmental Bulletin Paper

URL

http://hdl.handle.net/2298/27526

Right

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࣋

࣋ࢼ࣮㸭࣮ࣝ࣋ࣝ┳ㆤㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗࢫࢺࣞࢫㄽ

ᮌᮧ ┾▱Ꮚ

A study on

Primacy of Caring, Stress and Coping in Health and Illness

Kimura Machiko

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to give a survey and evaluation of the coping method of stress described in Primacy of caring, Stress and Coping in Health and Illness written by Benner,Patricia and Wrubel,Judith in 1988. Benner/Wrubel explain the relationships between ͂caring̓ and the method of coping with stress, based on their phenomenological viewpoint of human beings. Benner/Wrubel put Heidegger’s ontological concept of͂caring̓ at the center of their phenomenological viewpoint of human beings and in their idea of nursing.

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ㏆ᖺࠊ┳ㆤ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⌧㇟Ꮫࡢά⏝ࡢ㛵ᚰࡀ㧗ࡲࡾࠊ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗ᪉ἲࡀྲྀධࢀࡽࢀὀ┠ࡉࢀ ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗ┳ㆤ◊✲ࡢከࡃࡣ1_{ࠊ⡿ᅜࡢ┳ㆤ◊✲ࡸ┳ㆤ⌮ㄽᐙ㸦࣡ࢺࢯࣥ} 2_{ࠊࣃ࣮ࢫ࢕}3_ࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮4_{㸧࡟ࡼࡿ┳ㆤ⌮ㄽࡢ㍺ධ࡟㈇ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⡿ᅜࡢ┳ㆤ⌮ㄽᐙࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡿ࡜} ࡇࢁࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋΏ㑔5_{ࡣࠊ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗ┳ㆤ◊✲ࡀάⓎ࡟㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⌧㇟Ꮫࡢྲྀධࢀ᪉ࡣࡉࡲ} ࡊࡲ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ◊✲⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ゎ㔘ࡶ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱ࡶ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ┳ㆤ⌮ㄽᐙࡢ୍ே࡛࠶ࡿࣃࢺࣜࢩ࢔࣭࣋ࢼ࣮ࡢ┳ ㆤㄽࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠗ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗே㛫ㄽ࡜┳ㆤ࠘,㸦Primacy of caring ,Stress and Coping in Health and Illness,࣋ࢼ࣮㸭࣮ࣝ࣋ࣝ,㞴Ἴ༟ᚿヂ ་Ꮫ᭩㝔 1999㸧6_{ࢆ࡜ࡾ࠶ࡆࠊࡑࡢ୰ࡢ⌧㇟}

Ꮫⓗࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡋࠊᢈุⓗ⪃ᐹࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮┳ㆤ⌮ㄽࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫ ⓗࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚῝ࡃ᥈✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ┳ㆤศ㔝ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ࣋ࢼ࣮┳ㆤ⌮ㄽࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࣋ࢼ࣮㸭࣮ࣝ࣋ࣝࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗ┳ㆤ⌮ㄽࡣࠊࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ࠊ࣓ࣝࣟ㸻࣏ࣥࢸ࢕࡟౫ᣐࡋࡓゎ㔘Ꮫⓗ ⌧㇟Ꮫࡢ❧ሙࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢻࣞ࢖ࣇ࢓ࢫ,H.L ࡟ࡼࡿࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ゎ㔘7_{࡟㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣋ࢼ࣮㸭} ࣮ࣝ࣋ࣝࡢ┳ㆤ⌮ㄽࡣࠊẼ࡙࠿࠸㸦caring㸧࡜ࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜ᑐฎࠊ೺ᗣࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟⪃ᐹࢆຍ࠼ࠊ Ẽ࡙࠿࠸ࡢ➨୍⩏ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊேࡀ೺ᗣ࡞≧ἣ࡜ࢫࢺࣞࢫ≧ἣୗ࡛⏕ࡁᢤ࠸

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࡚࠸ࡿయ㦂ࢆ┳ㆤ࡟ᅛ᭷࡞ほ᪉࡛ླྀ㏙ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ibid.,p.Ͽ㸧ࠊ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ┳ㆤ࡟ᅛ᭷ࡢ ほ᪉࡜ࡣࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜ᑐฎࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗほ᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ┳ㆤㄽ࡛ࡣࠊࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ࡢᏑᅾㄽⓗᴫᛕ ࢆ┳ㆤ࡟࠾ࡅࡿே㛫ほ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼┤ࡋࠊᏑᅾㄽⓗᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕẼ࡙࠿࠸㸦ࢣ࢔㸧ࠖ8_{࡜Ꮡᅾⓗḟ} ඖࡢලయࢣ࢔࡜ࡢ῝࠸㛵㐃ࢆ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎㄽࡣࠊᏑᅾㄽ ⓗ࡞ほ᪉ࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾⓗḟඖ࡛ࡢࢣ࢔ࢆ᥈✲ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢ ࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎ⌮ㄽࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿ๓࡟ࠊࡲࡎࠊᙼࡽࡀᏑᅾㄽⓗḟඖ࡜Ꮡᅾⓗḟඖ࡟ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿ caring ,concern ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ぢ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ Ϩ Ϩ caring࣭concern ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊෑ㢌ࡢ⟠ᡤ࡛Ẽ࡙࠿࠸ࡢ➨୍⩏ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᮏ᭩࡛⏝࠸ࡿẼ࡙࠿࠸㸦caring㸧࡜࠸࠺ㄒࡣࠊேࡀఱࡽ࠿ࡢฟ᮶஦ࡸ௚⪅ࠊィ⏬ࠊ≀஦ ࢆ኱஦࡟ᛮ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋ⮬ศ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ㔜せᗘ࡜࠸࠺㠃࠿ࡽぢ࡚ෆ㒊࡟⃰ῐ ࡢᕪࡢ࠶ࡿୡ⏺ࠊ㸦୰␎㸧ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓୡ⏺࡟ఫࡴࡢࡀே㛫࡜࠸࠺Ꮡᅾࡔ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢ᰿ ᮏ᮲௳ࢆ࡞ࡍࡢࡀẼ࡙࠿࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕேࡀఱ࠿࡟ࡘ࡞ࡂ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࠕఱ࠿ࢆ኱஦࡟ᛮ ࠺ࡇ࡜ࠖࢆ⾲ࡍゝⴥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕẼ࡙࠿࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀ᭷┈࡞ࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀᛮ⪃࡜ឤ᝟࡜⾜ Ⅽࢆ༊ูࡏࡎࠊே㛫ࡢ▱ࡢാࡁ࡜Ꮡᅾࢆ୍యⓗ࡟⾲⌧ࡍࡿゝⴥࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊẼࠊ ࡙࠿࠺ࠊࠊࠊ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡛ᡃࠎࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞ព࿡࡛ࡢࠕᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ 㸦involvement㸧ࢆ㐺ษ࡟⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿ㸦ibid.,p.1㸧ࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡣࠊே㛫ࡢᮏ㉁ⓗ࠶ࡾ᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠕୡ⏺ෆᏑᅾࠖࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿゝⴥ ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾㄽⓗ࡞ព࿡࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡣࠊேࡀఱ࠿㸪ㄡ࠿ࢆ኱஦࡟ᛮ࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊఱ࠿ ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡂ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⾲ࡍゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ㛵୚ࡍࡿ࠶ࡾ᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋேࡣẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆ ㏻ࡌ࡚⮬ศ௨እࡢఱ࠿࣭ㄡ࠿࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ㛵୚ࡍࡿᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ibid.,p.1㸧ࠊ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃ ࡕࠊࢻࣞ࢖ࣇ࢓ࢫࡀࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ࢆゎ㔘ࡋ࡚㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊே㛫࡜ࡣ⮬ศࡢୡ⏺࡟ఫࡲ࠺Ꮡᅾ ࡛࠶ࡿ9_{ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡀ⏝࠸ࡿẼ࡙࠿࠸࡜࠸࠺ㄒࡣࠊࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ࡢே㛫ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ⾲} ࡍᏑᅾㄽⓗᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆᤊ࠼࡞࠾ࡋࡓᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ≧ἣ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚㛵୚ࡍ ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ே㛫ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣࠊࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ࡢ㛵ᚰࠊࠊ㸦concern㸧࡟࠶ࡓࡿ㸦ibid.㸪p.54 ഐⅬᘬ⏝⪅㸧ࠋ ࡘࡲࡾࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࠕ㛵ᚰࠖ࡜ࠊࠕẼ࡙࠿࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ㄒࡣ࡝ࡕࡽࡶࠊ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗே㛫ほࡢ ୰ᚰᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆ⾲ࡍᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸͂Sorge̓࡜࠸࠺㏙ㄒࡣࠊⱥㄒヂ࡛ࡣ͂care࡛̓࠶ࡿࠋୡ⏺ෆᏑᅾࡀᮏ ㉁ୖࠊẼ࡙࠿࠸㸦Sorge㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡀࡺ࠼࡟ࡇࡢࠕẼ࡙࠿࠸ Sorgeࠖࡣࠊ஦≀࡟ྥࡅࡽࢀࡿࢣ࢔࡜ ࡋ࡚ࡣࠕ㓄៖ⓗẼ࡙࠿࠸ Besorgen/concernࠖࠊ௚ே࡬ࡢࢣ࢔࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠕ㢳៖ⓗẼ࡙࠿࠸ Fürsorge/solicitudeࠖ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ10_{ࠋࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡣᏑᅾㄽⓗᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᏑᅾⓗ࡟} ぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡿ㸪៧៖ࠊ㎞ⱞ㸪⏕άࡢᚰ㓄࡞࡝࡜ࡣ↓㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿ11_{ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࢻࣞ࢖ࣇ࢓ࢫࡣࠊẼ} ࡙࠿࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ࠸࠿࡞ࡿᏑᅾⓗព࿡㸦௚ேࢆẼ࡙࠿࠺ࡇ࡜ࡸ㐨ලࡀ౑࠼ࡿ࠿Ẽ࡟࠿ࡅࡿ࡞

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࡝ࡢලయⓗ࡞άືࡣࠊேࡸ≀࡜ࡢே㛫ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ㸧ࡶࠊᏑᅾㄽⓗ࡞Ẽ࡙ ࠿࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢᵝែ࡜ࡋ࡚⥲ᣓࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ12_{ࠊ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ} ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸㸦Sorge/care㸧࡜࠸࠺Ꮡᅾㄽⓗᴫᛕࢆࠊ ࢣ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ┳ㆤ࡟࠾ࡅࡿẼ࡙࠿࠸㸦caring㸧ࢆᏑᅾㄽⓗ࡟ᤊ࠼┤ࡋࠊ┳ㆤࡣேࢆ Ẽ࡙࠿࠸ୡヰࢆࡍࡿᐇ㊶㸦caring practice㸧ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡜ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊேࢆẼ࡙࠿࠸ୡヰ ࢆࡍࡿᐇ㊶ࡣࠊᝈ⪅࡬ࡢලయⓗࢣ࢔࡜ࡋ࡚ල⌧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ࡢᏑᅾㄽⓗᴫᛕ ࡛࠶ࡿẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡣࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡀ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗே㛫ㄽࡢ୰ᚰᴫᛕ࡜ࡍࡿẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ┳ㆤࢆே㛫 ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡘࡘࠊᏑᅾḟඖ࡛ࡢලయⓗ࡟ᝈ⪅ࢆẼ࡙࠿࠺ࡇ࡜㸦Ẽ࡟࠿ࡅࡿࠊୡヰࢆ ࡍࡿࠊ┳ㆤࡍࡿ㸧࡜つᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ ➹⪅ࡣࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗே㛫ㄽ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ㛵୚ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ ࡣࡍ࡭࡚Ẽ࡙࠿࠸caring ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡛⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࠿ࡽࠊ㛵ᚰ concern ࡶẼ࡙࠿࠸࡟ໟྵ ࡉࢀࡿゝⴥ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡣࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢ┳ㆤㄽࡢ୰ᚰᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ➹⪅ࡣࠕẼ࡙࠿࠸ࠖࡶࠕ㛵ᚰࠖࡶࠊྠࡌࠕẼ࡙࠿࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲グࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ ᑦࠊⴭ᭩ࡢヂ⪅ࡣ⏝ㄒࡢゎㄝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢཎᩥࡣcaring ࡶ concern ࡶព࿡ෆᐜࡀ㔜 ࡞ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊᩥ⬦࡟ᛂࡌ࡚Ẽ࡙࠿࠸ࠊ㛵ᚰ࡜౑࠸ศࡅࡿ㸦ibid.,p.455㸧ࠖࠊ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ϩ ࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜ᑐฎ࡟㛵ࡍࡿほ᪉ 㸯 ࢫࢺࣞࢫ⌮ㄽࡢᴫせ ⌧ᅾࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ྵពࢆࡶࡗ࡚᪥ᖖⓗ࡟౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊࣛࢨࣝࢫࡢⴭ᭩ ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜13_ࠊ_{ࠕࢫࢺࣞࢫࠖࡣࠊྂࡃࡣ}_{14 ୡ⣖࡟ࡣࠊ㎞ⱞࠊⱞቃࠊ㏫ቃࠊⱞᝎ࡞࡝ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿゝⴥ} ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ17 ୡ⣖࡟ࡣ≀⌮⛉ᏛࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊ19 ୡ⣖ࡢ་ Ꮫ࡛ࡣࢫࢺࣞࢫࡣ㸪୙೺ᗣࡢࡶ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࢫࢺࣞࢫࡢᴫᛕࡣᩘୡ⣖࡟ࢃࡓ ࡾၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊ㏆ᖺ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ึࡵ࡚య⣔ࡔ࡚࡚ᴫᛕ໬ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫ◊✲࡟ ࡣࡎࡳࡀࡘࡅࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓࠊᮅ㩭ᡓத࡛ࠊ㌷஦ⓗᡓ㜚࡟ࡣࢫࢺࣞࢫ◊✲ࡀ㔜せ࡛ ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋᚋ࡟ࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫࡣ⏕άࡢ㑊ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ഃ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ㸪ఱ ࡀே㛫ࡢάື࡟ᕪ␗ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺஦࡜ྠࡌព࿡࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡲ࡛ ࡣࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫࡣ่⃭࠿཯ᛂࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 20 ୡ⣖࡟࡞ࡾࠊ࢛࢘ࣝࢱ࣮࣭࢟ࣕࣀࣥ㸦Cannon 1935㸧ࡣࠊ᝟ືࡢ⏕⌮Ꮫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲ࢆ ⾜࠸ࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫࢆᐮ෭ࠊ㓟⣲୙㊊ࠊప⾑⢾࡞࡝ࡢ᮲௳ୗ࡛㌟యࡢᖹ⾮≧ែࡀ஘ࢀࡓ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ ⪃࠼ࡓࡀࠊ᫂☜࡞ᐃ⩏ࡣ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ⩣ᖺࠊࣁࣥࢫ࣭ࢭ࢚ࣜࡀࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫ཯ᛂࢆࠊࠕ⎔ቃ࠿ࡽ ࡢ่⃭㈇Ⲵ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿୗᆶయ̾๪⭈⓶㉁࣍ࣝࣔࣥ⣔ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࡋࡓ㠀≉␗ⓗ཯ᛂࠖ࡞ ࠸ࡋࠕ⏕య࡟⏕ࡌࡿ⏕≀Ꮫⓗṍࡳࠖ࡜⪃࠼ࠊ⏕యࢆ᪂ࡋ࠸᮲௳࡟㐺ᛂࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ཯ᛂࢆỗ㐺ᛂ ⑕ೃ⩌㸦㆙࿌཯ᛂᮇࠊ᢬ᢠᮇࠊ⑂ປᮇ㸧࡜࿧ࡧࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜㌟య⑌ᝈ࣭೺ᗣ≧ែ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ⣔⤫ ࡔ࡚࡚ᐃ⩏ࡋࡓࠋࢭ࢚ࣜࡣࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ่⃭ࢆࠕࢫࢺࣞࢵࢧ࣮ࠖ࡜࿧ࡧࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜ ࢫࢺࣞࢵࢧ࣮ࡢ༊ูࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋࡓ14_ࠋ ᡓᚋࠊࣛࢨࣝࢫ㸦1966㸧ࡣࠊࢭ࢚ࣜࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫᴫᛕࢆᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡟ᤊ࠼࡞࠾ࡋࠊࠕᚰ⌮ⓗࢫࢺࣞ

(5)

ࢫ࡜ࡣࠊே㛫࡜⎔ቃ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊேⓗ㈨※࡟㈇ᢸࢆ㈇ࢃࡏࡓࡾಶேࡢ㈨※ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ ࡾࠊࡲࡓಶேࡢᏳᑀࢆ༴㝤࡟ࡉࡽࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊಶேࡀホ౯ࡍࡿே㛫࡜⎔ቃࡢ㛵ಀ࠿ࡽ ⏕ࡌࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࣛࢨࣝࢫࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᐃ⩏࡟ࡼࡾࢫࢺࣞࢫࡣࠊ่⃭ࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊ཯ᛂ ࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆᙉㄪࡋࡓ㸦Lazarus㸤Folkman㸧ࡋࠊdaily hassles㸦᪥ᖖ࠸ࡽࡔࡕᗘ㸧⌮ㄽ ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᚰ⌮ⓗࢫࢺࣞࢫࡢ㐣⛬ࢆࠊㄆ▱ⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡋ㸦୍ḟホ౯ࠊ஧ḟホ౯㸧ࠊࡑࡢ ࢫࢺࣞࢵࢧ࣮࡟ᑐฎࡋ㸦ᑐฎࢆၥ㢟ゎỴᆺࢥ࣮ࣆࣥࢢࠊឤ᝟୰ᚰᆺࢥ࣮ࣆࣥࢢ࡟ศ㢮㸧ࠊࡑࡢ㐣 ⛬࡛⏕ࡌࡿࢫࢺࣞࢫ཯ᛂࡢ⪃࠼࠿ࡓࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࡓࠋ 㸰㸰 ࣋ࢼ࣮/࣮ࣝ࣋ࣝࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎㄽ࡬ࡢ⤒⦋ ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࢫࢺࣞࢫ⌮ㄽࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫㄽࡣࠊࡇࡢࣛࢨࣝࢫ࡜ࡑࡢᏛὴ࡟ࡼࡿ ࢫࢺࣞࢫࡢᐃ⩏࡟౫ᣐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡣࠊ1970 ᖺࣛࢨࣝࢫࡢ◊✲ຓᡭࢆົࡵࠊࣛࢨࣝࢫࡢࢫ ࢺࣞࢫ࣭ࢥ࣮ࣆࣥࢢ◊✲ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᖺࡢ⫋ᴗ⏨ᛶࡢ௙஦ࡢព࿡࡜ࢥ࣮ࣆࣥࢢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᚋ࡟ࠗ௙஦࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜‶㊊̾୰ᖺ⏨ᛶࡢ௙஦ࡢព࿡࡜ࢥ࣮ࣆࣥࢢ࠘㸦Stress and

Satisfaction on the job: Work Meanings and Coping of Mid-career Men㸧࡜࠸࠺㢟࡛ฟ∧ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿ15_ࠋ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫࡢᐃ⩏ࡣ㸪ࣛࢨࣝࢫࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡟㈇࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫࢆ ࠕே࡟෇⁥࡞⏕άࡢႠࡳࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓព࿡࡞࠸ࡋ⌮ゎ㸦⮬ᕫ⌮ゎ࠾ࡼࡧୡ⏺⌮ゎ㸧࡟㘒஘ࡀ ⏕ࡌࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ༴ᐖࡸ႙ኻ㸪ヨ⦎ࡀయ㦂ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽᝒჃࡢ᝟ࡀㄏⓎࡉࢀࡓࡾࠊ≧ἣࡢ෌ゎ㔘ࡸ ᪂ࡋ࠸ᢏ⬟ࡢ⩦ᚓࡀせㄳࡉࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸦࣋ࢼ࣮㸭࣮ࣝ࣋ࣝ,p.65㸧ࠖ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࣛࢨࣝࢫࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎㄽ࡛ࡣࠊேࡀ⮬ศࡢ⨨࠿ࢀࡓ≧ἣ࡟㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ ࢆ⮬ࡽホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࣛࢨࣝࢫࡣࡇࡢ㐺ᛂ㛵ಀࢆᛂ᥋㸦transaction㸧࡜࿧ࡪ(ibid.,p.65)ࠋ ࡇࡢᛂ᥋㛵ಀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎㄽࡣ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗ࡞ே㛫ほ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⌮ㄽ࡟㐍ᒎ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗほ᪉࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊேࡣࠕ≧ἣ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ⮬ ᕫࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊேࡀ≧ἣࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡿ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡀࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࢆᐃࡵࡿ࡜ ⪃࠼ࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮┳ㆤㄽࡢ㘽ᴫᛕ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Ϫ ࣋ࢼ࣮㸭࣮ࣝ࣋ࣝࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎㄽ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎㄽࡀᇶ࡙ࡃ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗே㛫ほ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡋࠊࡑࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗே㛫ほࡀ ࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋ 㸯 ࣋ࢼ࣮㸭࣮ࣝ࣋ࣝࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗே㛫ほ ࣋ࢼ࣮/࣮ࣝ࣋ࣝࡢ┳ㆤㄽࡣࠊࢻࣞ࢖ࣇ࢓ࢫ࡟ࡼࡿࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞࠾ࡼࡧ࣓ࣝࣟ㸻࣏ࣥࢸ࢕ࡢゎ㔘࡟ ᇶ࡙ࡃ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗே㛫ほࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊே㛫࡜ࡣᕫࢆゎ㔘ࡍࡿᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾணࡵỴࡵࡽࢀࡓጼࢆᣢࡗ࡚ୡ ⏺࡟ཧධࡍࡿࡢ࡛࡞ࡃࠊே⏕ࢆ⏕ࡁ࡚⾜ࡃ୰࡛ḟ➨࡟⮬ࡽࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡀே㛫࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋே㛫ࡣ⮬ศࡢୡ⏺ෆᏑᅾᵝᘧ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊດຊ࡞ࡋ࡟㠀཯┬ⓗ࡞⌮ゎࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋே㛫ࡀ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌮ゎࢆᣢࡕ࠺ࡿࡢࡣࠊព࿡ࢆᖏࡧࡓ≧ἣࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ᖖ࡟ᢞࡆ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊព࿡ࢆࡑࡇ࡛

(6)

ࡘ࠿ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦ibid.,p.46-47㸧

ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢࠕୡ⏺ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ㄒࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟♫఍ࡸ⎔ቃࡸ⮬↛࡜࠸࠺㏻ᖖࡢୡ⏺࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡗࡓព࿡ ࢆࡶࡘࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊୡ⏺࡜ࡣࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀᩥ໬ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡘࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᣢࡘ㛵ಀᛶࠊᐇ㊶ࠊ ゝㄒ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿព࿡ࡢ࠶ࡿ⥲ྜయ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡑࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗே㛫ほࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㸦㸯㸧㌟య࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓ▱ᛶ㸦embodied intelligence㸧ࠊ㸦㸰㸧

⫼ᬒⓗព࿡㸦background meaning㸧ࠊ㸦㸱㸧Ẽ࡙࠿࠸㸦caring㸧ࠊ㸦㸲㸧≧ἣ㸦the situation㸧ࡀ ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸦ibid.,pp.48-59㸧㸦㸯㸧㌟య࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓ▱ᛶ㸦embodied intelligence㸧 ᡃࠎࡢ⢭⚄ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ㌟యࡶ▱ࡢᢸ࠸ᡭ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ே㛫ࡀ෇⁥࡟≀ࢆ౑࠸ࡇ࡞ࡋࡓࡾࠊ㐨ලࢆ ㌟యࡢᘏ㛗ࡢࡼ࠺࡟౑࠸ࡇ࡞ࡏࡿࡢࡣ㸪㌟య࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓ▱ᛶࡀാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࡜୺ᙇࡋࠊ ࠕᡃࠎࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ≧ἣࡢᣢࡘព࿡ࢆ㎿㏿࡟ࠊᝒ᫂♧ⓗ࣭↓ព㆑ⓗ࡟ࡘ࠿ࡴ᪉ἲࢆල࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࡣࠊࡇࡢ㸺㌟య࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓ▱ᛶ㸼ࡢാࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ibid.,p.49㸧ࠖࠊ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ㌟య࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓ▱ᛶࡣࠊ ே㛫ࡀ័ࢀぶࡋࢇࡔ㢦ࡸ஦≀ࡢㄆ▱ࢆጞࡵࠊࢪࣕࢬࣆ࢔ࢽࢫࢺࡢ㠀ᖖ࡟」㞧࡞ᢏ⬟ࡸࠊ⇍⦎ࡋࡓ ┳ㆤᖌࡢὀᑕࡸ᥇⾑ࡢᢏ⬟㸦㔪࡜ὀᑕჾࡣ୍య࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡟ືࡁ㸪ὀᑕࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸧ࠊࡉࡽ ࡟ࢱ࢖ࣉࣛ࢖ࢱ࣮ࢆ౑࠺㸪㢧ᚤ㙾ࢆࡢࡒࡃάື࡞࡝ࡢே㛫ࡢᵝࠎ࡞άື㡿ᇦ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ㌟యࡑ ࡢࡶࡢࡀ▱࡜ゎ㔘ࡢ୺య࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ே㛫ࡣ㌟య࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓ▱ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡀࡺ࠼࡟ࠊୡ⏺ࡢෆ࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ⮬ศࡢୡ⏺ࠊព࿡ࡢୡ⏺࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑࡛ࡁࠊࡇࡢୡ ⏺࡟Ᏻࡽࡂࢆឤࡌ࡞ࡽ⏕ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦ibid.,pp.48-52㸧ࠊ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿࠋ 㸦㸰㸧⫼ᬒⓗព࿡㸦background meaning㸧 ⫼ᬒⓗព࿡ࡣࠊࠕᩥ໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ே࡟ㄌ⏕ࡢ᫬࠿ࡽ୚࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ఱࡀ⌧ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࢆỴࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊఱࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࠿࡟㛵ࡍࡿࠊேࠎ࡟ඹ᭷ࡉࢀࡓබඹⓗ ⌮ゎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ibid.,p.52㸧ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ࡢ⪃࠼࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⫼ᬒⓗព࿡ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢᒓࡍ ࡿᩥ໬࣭ୗ఩ᩥ໬㸦ࢧࣈ࢝ࣝࢳ࣮ࣕ㸧࣭ᐙ᪘ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚୚࠼ࡽࢀࠊᩥ໬ⓗ័⩦࡜⇍⦎ࡋࡓᢏ⬟άື ࡢෆ࡟ᇙࡵ㎸ࡲࢀࠊࡑࢀࡣ㌟యࡢෆ࡟ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚㸪ேࡀ᪥ࠎࡢ⏕άࢆ෇⁥࡟Ⴀࢇ࡛࠸ࡃᅵྎ࡜ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ⫼ᬒⓗព࿡ࡢస⏝ࡢ௙᪉࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⡿ᅜ࡜᪥ᮏࡢẕᏊ┦஫㛵ಀࢆほᐹࡋࠊὀព῝ࡃグ㘓ࡋࡓ ◊✲౛࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊࠕẕᏊ┦஫㛵ಀࡢᙧែࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᩥ ໬࡛␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㉥ࢇᆓࡢᏑᅾᵝᘧ࡟㐪࠸ࡀぢࡽࢀࠊࡑࢀࡣ᪥⡿࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩥ໬ⓗ㸦⫼ᬒⓗ㸧ព࿡ ࡢ㐪࠸࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ibid.,pp.52-53㸧ࠖࠊ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ౛ࡣࠊࢻࣞ࢖ࣇࢫ࡟ೌࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ࢻ ࣞ࢖ࣇ࢓ࢫ2005㸸pp.18-19㸧ࠋ 㸦㸱㸧Ẽ࡙࠿࠸㸦caring㸧 Ẽ࡙࠿࠸ࡣࠊᡃࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ఱ࠿ࡀㄡ࠿ࡀ኱஦࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠊព⩏ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟≀஦ࡸ௚⪅ࡀᡃࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚኱஦࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊᡃࠎࡣୡ⏺࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡢ࡛

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࠶ࡿࠊ㸦ibid.,p.㸯㸧࡜ࡋࠊࡇࡢᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ㛵୚ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᡃࠎࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆࠊࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞࡟ೌࡗ࡚ ࠕẼ࡙࠿࠸ࠖ࡜࿧ࡪࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊே㛫ࡣẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⮬ศ௨እࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞஦㇟࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ 㛵ࢃࡾྜ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊẼ࡙࠿࠸࡜ࡣࠊୡ⏺ෆᏑᅾ࡜࠸࠺ே㛫⊂⮬ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ⾲ࡍᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋே 㛫ࡀ࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚ୡ⏺ࡢෆ࡟Ꮡᅾ࡛ࡁࠊព࿡ࢆ┤᥋ᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࢆㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡢࡣࠊẼ࡙࠿࠸࡟ࡼ ࡗ࡚࡛࠶ࡿ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ibid.,pp.54-55㸧ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡣࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗே㛫ㄽࡢ㘽 ࡟࡞ࡿᴫᛕ࡜఩⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ࡢ௚⪅࡬ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸16_{㸦Fürsorge/solicitude㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞㸰✀㢮ࡢᏑ} ᅾⓗḟඖ࡛ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ௚⪅࡟௦ࢃࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࡢேࡢẼ࡙࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ஦᯶ࡢ୰࡟㊴ࡧ㎸ࡳࠊࡑࢀࢆᘬࡁཷࡅࡿ✀㢮ࡢẼ࡙ ࠿࠸࡜ࠊ௚⪅ࡢᢪࡃẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆྲྀࡾཤࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊࡴࡋࢁࡑࢀࢆࡑࡢே࡟ᅛ᭷ࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚㏦ࡾ ㏉ࡍࡓࡵ࡟௚⪅ࡢ๓࡛㊴ࡧ᪉ࢆ♧ࡍࠊ⠊ࢆᆶࢀࡿ✀㢮ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㸰✀㢮ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࣋ࢼ࣮ࡣࠊ⑓ேࡢ┳ㆤࢆ᥼⏝ࡋ࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕᝈ⪅ࡢ⑓Ẽࡀࡦ࡝ࡃ࡚ேࡢຓࡅࡀ୙ྍḞ࡞ሙྜࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ㊴ࡧ㎸ࢇ࡛ᘬࡁཷࡅࡿࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋၥ㢟ࡣࠊࡇࡢ✀ࡢᘬࡁཷࡅࡀᚲせ࡞୍⥺ࢆ㉺࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡀࡕ࡞ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ┳ㆤࡍࡿഃ࠿ ࡉࢀࡿഃࠊ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ࡢࡏ࠸࡛ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤ㉳ࡁࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓሙྜࠊ┳ㆤࢆཷࡅࡿ⪅ࡣ ௨๓࡟ᢪ࠸࡚࠸ࡓẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ࡶ࠺୍ᗘ⏕ࡁࡿࡢࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ௚⪅࡟௦ࢃࡗ ࡚㊴ࡧ㎸ࡴ✀㢮ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡣ㸪ᨭ㓄࡜౫Ꮡࡢ㛵ಀࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣᢚᅽࡉ࠼ᐜ᫆࡟⏕ࡌࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᨭ 㓄ࡣ㸪ᙜ஦⪅࡟ࡣẼ࡙ࡁ࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚,⠊ࢆᆶࢀࡿ➨஧ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡣࠊᨭᣢ࡜ຓໃࡢ୍ᙧ ែ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ௚⪅ࡀࡇ࠺࠶ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞࠶ࡾ᪉࡛࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡑࡢே࡟ຊ ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ┳ㆤ㛵ಀࡢ✲ᴟࡢ┠ᶆࢆ࡞ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ibid.,pp. 55-56㸧ࠖࠊ࡜♧ ၀ࡍࡿࠋ ┳ㆤ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ๓⪅ࡢࠕ㊴ࡧ㎸ࡴࢱ࢖ࣉࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࠖࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡼ࠿ࢀ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚⊩㌟ⓗ ࡟ࢣ࢔ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡶࠊ┦ᡭࡢពྥࢆ↓どࡍࡿ࡜ࣃࢱ࣮ࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡟㝗ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ ࡿࠋ≉࡟ุ᩿⬟ຊࡢపୗࡋࡓᝈ⪅ࡢࢣ࢔࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡴࡋࢁ㊴ࡧ㎸ࡴࢱ࢖ࣉࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡀᚲせ࡟ ࡞ࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࢣ࢔ࡍࡿேࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢࢣ࢔ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟Ẽ࡙ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢẼ࡙ࡁ ࡣࠊࢣ࢔ࡍࡿேࡢࢣ࢔ࡉࢀࡿே࡟ᑐࡍࡿᨭ㓄ࡸ౫Ꮡࠊᢚᅽ࡞࡝ࢆ㜵Ṇࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᚋ⪅ࡢࠕ⠊ࢆᆶࢀࡿࢱ࢖ࣉࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࠖࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᝈ⪅ࡢ⮬ᚊࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࢣ࢔࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ┳ㆤ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢣ࢔ࡍࡿே࡜ࢣ࢔ࡉࢀࡿேࡢ┦஫ࡢࡼࡁ㛵ಀ17_{ࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡘࢣ࢔࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞} ࢣ࢔ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣࠊࢣ࢔ࡉࢀࡿᝈ⪅ࡣ⮬ศࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡋࠊࢣ࢔ࡍࡿ┳ㆤᖌ࡟ࡣᑓ㛛⫋࡜ࡋ ࡚ࡢᡂ㛗ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠋ 㸦㸲㸧≧ἣ㸦the situation㸧 ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊே㛫ࡣẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ≧ἣ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ㛵୚ࡍࡿᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿ 㸦ibid.,p,56㸧ࠋேࡣᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺௙᪉࡛ࠊ⮬ศࡢୡ⏺࡟ఫࡲ࠸ࠊ⮬ศࡢୡ⏺࡟ఫࡲ࠺ࡺ࠼ ࡟ࠊୡ⏺࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ศࡢ࠶ࡾࡼ࠺ࢆつᐃࡉࢀ,ࡑࡢୡ⏺࠿ࡽ㛵୚ࢆせồࡉࢀࡿ㸦ibid.,p.56㸧ࠋᚑࡗ

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࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡟ࡣࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⾜Ⅽࢆ⮬ศ࡛㑅ᢥ࡛ࡁࡿ᰿※ⓗ⮬⏤࡞࡝࡞ࡃࠊ⮬ศࡢᦠ࠼࡚࠸ࡿព࿡࣭ ⩦័࣭♫఍㛵ಀ࣭㞟ᅋ࡬ࡢᖐᒓ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ࡽࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆつᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ≧ἣ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓ⮬ ⏤࡜≧ἣ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᡃࠎࡣ⌧ᐇୡ⏺࡟⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ ≧ἣࡣ᫬࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡀࠊேࡣኚ໬ࡋࡓ≧ἣࡢෆ࡟⨨࠿ࢀ࡚ึࡵ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡲ࡛Ẽ࡙࠿࡞࠿ࡗ ࡓ⫼ᬒⓗព࿡㸪⩦័ⓗ࡞㌟యⓗ▱ᛶ㸪Ẽ࡙࠿࠸ࡀព㆑ࡉࢀ㸪཯┬࡟ྥࡅࡽࢀࡿ㸦ibid.,pp.56-57㸧ࠊ ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ 㸰㸰 ࣋ࢼ࣮㸭࣮ࣝ࣋ࣝࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎほ㸦㸯㸧ࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗほ᪉ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎ⌮ㄽࡣࠊࣛࢨࣝࢫࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎ⌮ㄽࢆ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗே㛫ㄽ࡛ᇶ♏࡙ ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊᡃࠎࡣ≧ἣ࡟ᢞࡆ㎸ࡲࢀ㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊேࡀ≧ἣ࡟㛵୚ ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣࠊ㌟య࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓ▱ᛶࠊ⮬ศ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢព࿡࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽ≧ἣࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡑ ࢀࡽࡢព࿡ࢆ㝿❧ࡓࡏࡿಶேⓗẼ࡙࠿࠸࡟ࡼࡿ㸦idid.,pp.70-71㸧ࠊ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊே㛫ࡣ⮬ ศࡢྲྀࡾ⤖ࡪ㛵ಀࢆ⮬ศ࡛ࡘࡃࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊ⮬ศࡢ࠶ࡾࡼ࠺ࢆつᐃࡉࢀࡿᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫయ㦂࡜ᑐฎࡢ㐣⛬࡛㌟య࡜≧ἣ࡜Ẽ࡙࠿࠸ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ๭ ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛᪂ࡋ࠸ᒎᮃࡀ㛤ࡅࡿ㸦ibid.,p.70㸧࡜ࡋࠊ᫬㛫ᛶ࣭㌟య࣭≧ἣ࣭Ẽ ࡙࠿࠸ࡢᙺ๭࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ⫼ᬒⓗព࿡࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ᫬㛫ᛶࡢᙺ๭࡟ࡘ࠸ ࡚ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢㄝ᫂࡟ࡼࡿࠋ⑓Ẽࡀᝈ⪅࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ཷࡅṆࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡣࠊᝈ ⪅ࡀ≉ᐃࡢᩥ໬ⓗព࿡࡜⮬ศᅛ᭷ࡢព࿡ࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡋ࡚⑓Ẽ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᛂ᥋ࡍࡿ࠿࡟ ࡼࡗ࡚Ỵࡲࡿ㸦ibid.,p.156㸧࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊ⑓Ẽࡢᣢࡘព࿡ࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣே⏕⾜㊰ࢆ ㏻㐣ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࢃࡿព࿡࡛࠶ࡾࠊᡃࠎࡀඹ㏻ࡢᩥ໬࡟ᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊゎ㔘࡛ࡁ ࡿព࿡࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ibid.,p.156㸧ࠊ࡜ࡋࠊ༢࡞ࡿ᫬㛫ࡢ⤒㐣࡜ࡣ༊ูࡉࢀࡿ᫬㛫ᛶ㸦ibid.,p.156㸧࡟ࡘ ࠸࡚㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊேࡢᦠ࠼࡚࠸ࡿព࿡࡜ࡑࡢேࡢே⏕⤒㦂ࢆ⼥ྜࡉࡏࠊࡑ ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ேࡢኚᐜ࡜ே⏕ࡢ⤫୍࡜ࢆྠ᫬࡟ྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⤫ྜຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᫬㛫ᛶࡢᙺ๭ࡀ ≉࡟㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿ㸦ibid.,p.156㸧࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗே㛫ほࡢ᰿ᗏ࡟ࡣࠊࣁ ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ᫬㛫ᛶࡢᤊ࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ⫼ᬒⓗព࿡ࡣ᫬㛫ᛶࡢᙺ๭࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ໟྵࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀ ࡣࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣ⫼ᬒⓗព࿡ࢆࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ࡢ⏝ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊேࡀୡ⏺ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ≉ᐃࡢᵝ ᘧࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡋࠊேࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥ໬࣭ୗ఩ᩥ໬࣭ᐙ᪘ࡢ୰࡛⫱ࡘ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ ࡚㐪ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࠿ࡽࠊᮏ㉁ⓗ࡟᫬㛫ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ(ibid., p.126)ࠊ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜㔜࡞ࡿࠋ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ⑓Ẽయ㦂ࢆࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜ᤊ࠼ࠊ⑓Ẽయ㦂࡟㝈ᐃࡋࡓᑐฎ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୗ࡛ࡣࡑࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎほࡀࠊ⑓Ẽయ㦂ࡢᑐฎ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㐺⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ⪃ᐹ ࡍࡿࠋ 㸦a㸧᫬㛫ᛶࡢᙺ๭ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗ᫬㛫ㄽࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆ࡜ࡾ࠶ࡆࠊேࡀ⑓Ẽࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟య㦂ࡋࠊ ⑕≧ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ཷࡅṆࡵࡿ࠿ࡣࠊே㛫ࡢ᫬㛫య㦂ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡼࡗ࡚つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⌧ᅾࡢෆ ࡟ὶࢀ㎸ࢇࡔ㐣ཤࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ᕫࢀࢆᮍ᮶࡬ᢞ௻ࡍࡿ᫬㛫య㦂ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ibid.,p.238㸧ࠊ࡜

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ࡍࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⑓Ẽࡀᝈ⪅࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ཷࡅṆࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࡀ≉ᐃࡢᩥ໬ⓗព࿡࡜ᅛ᭷ࡢព࿡ ࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡋ࡚⑓Ẽ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᛂ᥋࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ỵࡲࡿ(ibid.,p.138)ࠊ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡣࠊ≉࡟⒴ࡸᚰ⑌ᝈ࡞࡝㔜࠸⑓Ẽࢆᢪ࠼ࡓᝈ⪅ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢ㐣ཤࡢ⏕ࡁ᪉ࢆ཯┬ࡋࠊ㐣ཤࡢ ฟ᮶஦࡜⑓Ẽࢆ↷ࡽࡋྜࢃࡏ࡚⊂⮬ࡢゎ㔘ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᝈ⪅ࡀ⑓Ẽࡸ᛹ ᡃ࡟ࡼࡿ⬟ຊࡢ႙ኻࡸᶵ⬟㞀ᐖ➼࡞࡝ࡢయ㦂ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᑗ᮶࡬ࡢᕼᮃࡸᮍ᮶࡬ࡢឤぬࢆኻࢃ ࡏࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚┳ㆤᖌࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࡢయ㦂ࢆ⌮ゎࡋཷࡅṆࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⑓Ẽࡢᅇ᚟ࢆ ᑟࡃᮍ᮶࡬ࡢឤぬࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡍࡓࡵࡢᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ ᫬㛫ᛶࡣಶูලయⓗ࡟⤒㦂ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊ࠶ࡿே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ఱࡀࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜ឤࡌࡽࢀࠊ ࡑࢀ࡬ࡢᑐฎ࡜ࡋ࡚ఱࡀྍ⬟࠿ࡣ᫬㛫ᛶ࡟ᕥྑࡉࢀࡿ(ibid.,p.75)ࠊ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊ㓄അ⪅ ࡢṚูࡢ౛ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚᫬㛫ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ➹⪅ࡣ⮫ᗋ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤒㦂࠿ࡽࠊぶࡸᏊ࡝ࡶ ࡸぶᐦ࡞ே࡜ࡢṚู࡟ࡼࡿᝒჃయ㦂ࡣࠊ≉࡟኱ࡁ࡞ࢫࢺࣞࢫయ㦂࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ぶࡀஸࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࡣ㐣ཤࢆஸࡃࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡽࢀࠊ㓄അ⪅ࡀஸࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡤ࠶࠸ࡣ⌧ᅾࢆஸࡃࡋ ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࠊᏊ࡝ࡶஸࡃࡋࡓሙྜࡣᮍ᮶ࢆஸࡃࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡿሙྜ࡞࡝ࡣࠊ᫬㛫ᛶ࡛ㄝ࡛᫂ ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ➹⪅ࡀ⮫ᗋࡢ⤒㦂࠿ࡽゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊឡࡍࡿேࡸᏊ࡝ࡶࡢṚูࡢᝒჃ࠿ ࡽࠊṧࡉࢀࡓᐙ᪘ࡸぶࡣࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ᪥ᖖⓗ࡞᫬㛫ࡀṆࡲࡗࡓᵝ࡟ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿ࡜ッ࠼ࡓᝈ⪅ࡣࠊᝒ Ⴣࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࠿ࡽ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡟ࡶᨭ㞀ࢆࡁࡓࡍሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ┳ㆤᖌ࡟ࡼࡿṧࡉࢀࡓᐙ᪘࡬ࡢᝒჃࡢࣉ ࣟࢭࢫ࡬ࡢࢣ࢔ࡣࠊ㔜せ࡞ࢫࢺࣞࢫᑐฎ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ (b)㌟యࡢᙺ๭ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊ ㌟య࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓ▱ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࢀࡤࠊ⮬ศࡀ⑓Ẽࡢ࡜ࡁࡢ㌟యࡢᢅ࠸ ᪉ࡶ㸪⑓ேࡢୡヰࢆࡍࡿ᫬ࡢ㌟యࡢᢅ࠸᪉ࡶ኱ࡁࡃኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣓ࣝࣟ㸻࣏ ࣥࢸ࢕ࡢ㌟యㄽࢆ⣲ᥥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊேࡣㄌ⏕ࡢ᫬࠿ࡽᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ๓ᩥ໬ⓗ㌟య࡛ ᵝࠎ࡞཯ᛂ⬟ຊ㸦⏕ᚓⓗ」ྜయ㸧ࢆල࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㌟యࡀᩥ໬ⓗ࣭♫఍ⓗ࡟Ꮫ⩦ࡉࢀࡿ⩦័ⓗ㌟యࠊ ⇍⦎ᢏ⬟ࢆල࠼ࡓ⩦័ⓗ㌟యࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࠊேࡀ」㞧࡞≧ἣ࡟⣲᪩ࡃᰂ㌾࡟ᑐฎ࡛ࡁࡿ⬟ຊࢆ₯ᅾⓗ ࡟ᣢࡘ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ㌟యࡢᙺ๭ࡢほ᪉ࡣࠊ㌟యࡢ⤫ྜឤぬ࡜ྍ⬟ᛶឤぬࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡍ㌟య἞⒪࡟ᮇ ᚅࡀࡶ࡚ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ㸦ibid.,pp.75-90㸧ࠋ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࡢ≧ἣ࡟ᛂࡌࡓ㌟య཯ᛂࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫ≧ἣ࡬ࡢᑐฎ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࡋ 㸦ibid.,pp.86-89㸧ࠊ⑕≧ࡢኚ໬ࢆ㌟య཯ᛂ࠿ࡽ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࠊᝈ⪅ࡢ⑕≧ࡢᝏ໬ண㜵࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࡢ㌟య཯ᛂ࠿ࡽᝈ⪅ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣ࡟⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ⌮ゎ ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ⑓≧ࡢኚ໬࡟ࡶ⣲᪩ࡃᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᝈ⪅ࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸἞⒪⎔ቃ ࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡿ࡜ࡁࠊᝈ⪅ࡣ࡞ࡌࡳࡢ࡞࠸ࣁ࢖ࢸࢡ⎔ቃࡸࢫࢱࢵࣇ࡟ྲྀࡾᅖࡲࢀࡿ࡜୙Ᏻࡸᜍᛧ࠿ࡽ ㌟యࡸឤ᝟㠃࡟⑓Ẽࡢᝏ໬ࢆᣍࡁࠊ᫬࡟ࡣᅇ᚟୙ྍ⬟࡞≧ែ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㏫࡟἞⒪⎔ቃࡀ ᝈ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚Ᏻᚰ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊᝈ⪅ࡢᜍᛧࡣᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࠊᅇ᚟࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋᝈ⪅ࡢ㌟యⓗ ཯ᛂ࡬ࡢᑐฎࡣࠊࢣ࢔࡟࡞ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊ㌟యࢆୡ⏺࡟ఫࡲ࠺▱ࡢ୍ᵝᘧ࡜ᤊ࠼ࠊ㌟యࢆேࡢ⏕ࡁᢤࡃჾᐁ࡜ᤊ࠼

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ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ┳ㆤࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡢ㌟య࡬ࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡟᪂ࡋ࠸ព࿡ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦ibid.,p,90㸧ࠊ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡣࠊ┳ㆤᖌࡢᝈ⪅࡬ࡢ㌟యࡢ┤᥋ⓗࢣ࢔㸦⫼୰ࢆࡉࡍࡿ㸪Ṍ⾜ࢆᡭຓࡅࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸧ࡼࡾࡶࠊ ࠕ㏻ᖖࠖࡢ⏕ά⯙ྎ࡟ᝈ⪅ࢆ⛣ࡍࡇ࡜㸦ᡞእࢆᩓṌࡍࡿࠊႚⲔᗑ࡟⾜ࡃ࡞࡝㸧ࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅࡀᛀࢀ ࡚࠸ࡓ㌟య཯ᛂࢆ࿧ࡧ㉳ࡇࡋྲྀࡾᡠࡍ᪉⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡞࠾ࡉࢀ㸪ᨵࡵ࡚᥎ዡࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ 㸦ibid.,p,90㸧ࠊ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ➹⪅ࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࡢ἞⒪⎔ቃࡣࠊ㥆ᰁࡳࡢ࡞࠸ධ㝔⏕άࡼࡾࡶᅾᏯࢆᇶ┙࡟ࡋࡓ⒪㣴⏕άࡢ᪉ࡀኻ ࡗࡓ㌟యឤぬࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡍ࡟ࡣ࣋ࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎࡢ㠃࠿ࡽᝈ⪅ࡢ㌟ యࡢឤぬࢆ㔜せどࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⑓Ẽᅇ᚟ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ (C)≧ἣࡢᙺ๭ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊேࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺≧ἣ࡟㌟ࢆ⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ⪃៖࡟ධࢀ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊࡑࡢேࡢ㛵୚ࡢ࠶ ࡾ᪉ࡣ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠊࡲࡓࠊேࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟≧ἣ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᑐฎࡍ ࡭ࡁㄢ㢟ࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ㸦ibid.,p.95㸧ࠊ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᝈ⪅ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࡢ⨨࠿ ࢀࡓ≧ἣࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᝈ⪅ࡢ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣ࡟ࡣࠊ⑓Ẽࡸ἞⒪ࡢ⤒㐣≧ἣࠊࡍ ࡞ࢃࡕデ᩿ࠊ἞⒪ࠊ෌Ⓨࠊ⤊ᮎᮇ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ␗࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀ௨እ࡟ࡶᝈ⪅ࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࠊ⤒῭ ≧ἣࡸᨭ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿேࡢᏑᅾࡢ᭷↓ࠊ♫఍ⓗ࡞≧ἣ㸦་⒪୙ಙࡢ᭷↓ࠊே㛫㛵ಀࠊ௙஦ࠊᙺ๭࡞ ࡝㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶᑐฎࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋ ேࡣ⮬ศࡢ㌟ࢆ⨨ࡃ≧ἣ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ศࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆつᐃࡉࢀࡿᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ≧ἣ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓ⮬⏤ ࢆᣢࡘ࠿ࡽࠊᝈ⪅ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⑓Ẽࡢ⤒㐣࡟࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ࠊᝈ⪅ࡣ௒࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽࡋ࠿ᑐฎࡢྍ⬟ ᛶࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊ┳ㆤᖌࡀ≧ἣ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓ⮬⏤࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࢆ఍ᚓࡋ ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ┳ㆤᖌࡣⱞᝎࢆᢪ࠼ࡓᝈ⪅࡟㏆࡙ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊᝈ⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡸࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣቑ࠼ ࡚ࡃࡿ㸦ibid.,p.302㸧ࠊ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ┳ㆤᖌࡣᝈ⪅ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᮶ᬺࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠊఱ ࢆẼ࡙࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡞࡝⪃៖࡟ධࢀࡿ࡜ࠊᝈ⪅⮬㌟࡟ࡼࡿᑐฎ࡬ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡀቑ࠼ࠊྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㛤ࡅ ࡚ࡃࡿ㸦ibid.,pp.300-303㸧ࠊ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⤊ᮎᮇࡢᝈ⪅ࡢ┳ㆤ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ ࡢ⫼ᬒⓗព࿡㸪᫬㛫ᛶࢆ⪃៖࡟ධࢀࠊᝈ⪅ࡢ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜➹⪅ ࡣ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ⌧ᅾࠊ་⒪⌧ሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࢆ࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁほⅬ࠿ࡽぢ࡚ఱࡀ㊊ࡾ࡞࠸࠿ࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿᑐฎἲࡀ ᨭ㓄ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜➹⪅ࡣ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᝈ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㔜࠸⑓Ẽࢆ࿌▱ࡉࢀࠊ࿘ᅖ࡟ᨭ᥼ࡀ࡞࠸ሙ ྜࠊࢩࣙࢵࢡ࠿ࡽఱࡶᡭ࡟ࡘ࠿࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ⑓Ẽࡢཷࡅධࢀࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ┳ㆤᖌࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ᝈ⪅࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ࡜ࡁࠊᝈ⪅ࡢ⨨࠿ࢀࡓ≧ἣࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࠊᝈ⪅ࡢᑐᛂ࡟ㄗࡗࡓุ᩿ࢆ⾜࠸ࡸࡍ ࠸ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᝈ⪅ࡢ⑓Ẽࡢཷࡅධࢀࡀᝏ࠸ࡢࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࡀ▱㆑୙㊊࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ᣦᑟࡸᩍ⫱ࢆᙉ ໬ࡍࡿሙྜࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࠿࠿ࢃࡾࡣᝈ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ┈ࠎཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡎࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ ᑐฎࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ (d)Ẽ࡙࠿࠸ࡢᙺ๭ Ẽ࡙࠿࠸ࡣࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢ┳ㆤほࡢ୰ᚰᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢᙺ๭ࡶ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗ

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ほⅬ࠿ࡽゝ࠼ࡤ㸪ே㛫ࡣୡ⏺ࡢෆ࡟ఫࡲ࠺Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡾࠊୡ⏺࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ㛵୚ࡍࡿᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ㛵୚ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡀẼ࡙࠿࠸࡛࠶ࡾࠊேࡀ௚⪅ࡸ≀஦ࢆ኱஦࡟ᛮ࠸ࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⮬ศࡢ࠶ ࡾ᪉ࢆつᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡣ㸪ព࿡㸦ேࡢ⏕ࡁᢤࡃព࿡㸧࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ ࡽࠊẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ẽ࡙ ࠿࠸࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆၥ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ibid.,pp.98-100㸧ࠊ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓ ࡵ࡟ࡣࠊゎ㔘࡜グ㏙ࡣ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ㸦ibid.,pp.99-100㸧 ᝈ⪅ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞⑓Ẽ࡟ぢ⯙ࢃࢀࡓ࡜ࡁࠊᝈ⪅ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡣࡲࡎ⑓Ẽࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟ྥࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋᝈ⪅ ࡀ⑓Ẽࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ཷࡅṆࡵࠊ἞⒪ࢆ஌ࡾษࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࡣࠊᝈ⪅⮬㌟ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸࡟ࡼࡿࡀࠊᝈ⪅ ࡣ≉ᐃࡢࡸࡾ᪉࡛⮬ศࡢ⑓Ẽࢆᘬࡁཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ┳ㆤᖌࡀᝈ⪅ࡢ⑓ẼࡢཷࡅṆࡵ᪉ࡸࠊఱࢆᜍࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠊఱࡀ㜼ᐖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࡀఱࢆẼ࡙࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⑓Ẽ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ேࡣ᥼ຓࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊ┳ㆤᖌࡢ᥼ຓࡣࠊ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ 㸦ibid.,pp.322-323㸧ࠋ ➹⪅ࡣ⤒㦂࠿ࡽࠊᝈ⪅ࡣṚࢆ┠ࡢ๓࡟ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡛ࡶࠊẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆஸࡃࡋࡓࡾࡣࡋ࡞࠸ᝈ⪅ࡀከ ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡣࠊ⑓Ẽࡀᅇ᚟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ③ࡳࡢ࡞࠸᫬㛫ࡀࢃࡎ࠿࡛ࡶᣢ࡚ ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞Ẽ࡙࠿࠸࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋṚࢆ┠๓࡟ࡋࡓᝈ⪅ࡀఱࢆẼ࡙࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊ ┳ㆤᖌࡣࡑࡢᝈ⪅ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸㸦ᝈ⪅ࡀ኱஦࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡸㄡ࠿㸧ࢆཷࡅᐜࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ┳ㆤᖌࡀᝈ⪅ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆཷࡅᐜࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊᝈ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ⌧ᅾࡢ㎞࠸἞⒪࡟⪏ ࠼࡚࠸ࡃຊ࡜࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᝈ⪅࡜┳ㆤᖌࡢ㛵ಀࡣࠊ┳ㆤᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆ㏻ ࡌ࡚ᝈ⪅ࡢ≧ἣ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚㛵୚ࡍࡿ࠶ࡾ᪉࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ᝈ⪅࡬ࡢ┳ㆤᖌࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡣࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎࡢ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆࡣࡓࡍࡀࠊ┳ㆤࡢࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ ᙺ๭࡜ࡋ࡚࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭ࡿࠋ ┳ㆤᖌࡢ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࡣࠊ་ᖌ࡜ᐙ᪘࡟ᑐࡍࡿᝈ⪅ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ་ᖌ࡜ᐙ ᪘ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽᝈ⪅ࢆẼ࡙࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣᝈ⪅ࡢḧࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ஦ ࡜⾪✺ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡾࠊᝈ⪅ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡀኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ་ᖌࡸᐙ᪘ࡀẼ࡙࠿࡞࠸ሙྜࡶ࠶ ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞࡜ࡁࠊ┳ㆤᖌࡀᝈ⪅ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆゎ㔘ࡋ࡚㸪་ᖌࡸᐙ᪘࡟ఏ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪 ᝈ⪅ࡢᮃࡴ་⒪࣭ࢣ࢔ࡀᥦ౪࡛ࡁࡿ㸦ibid.,p.102㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࡢ୍␒㌟㏆࡟࠸࡚ᝈ⪅ࡢẼ࡙ ࠿࠸ࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿ❧ሙ࡟࠸ࡿ┳ㆤᖌ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᝈ⪅࡟Ᏻᑀࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࢣ࢔࡟࡞ࡿࠋ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎㄽࡣࠊࠕឤ᝟ࠖࡢᙺ๭࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋឤ᝟ࡣࠊ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗ࡟ ぢࢀࡤ㸪㌟య࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓ▱ᛶࡢⓎࡍࡿゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊேࡀ≧ἣ࡟࠺ࡲࡃᑐฎ࡛ࡁࡿࡓ ࡵ࡟ࡣឤ᝟ࡣᚲせ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ibid.,pp.110-112㸧࡜ࡋࠊឤ᝟ࡢാࡁࢆ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗே㛫ほ࠿ࡽ㔜ど ࡍࡿࠋᡃࠎࡣࠊឤ᝟ࢆགྷ௓࡞㌟య཯ᛂ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡀࠊឤ᝟ࡣᡃࠎࡢὀព࡜ ᛮ⪃ࢆ≉ᐃࡢ᪉ྥ࡟ᑟࡃാࡁࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ibid.,p.112㸧ࠊ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊேࡢឤ᝟࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ ࡛ࠊࡑࡢேࡢ≧ἣ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㐣ཤࡢゎ㔘ࡀᛮ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽ㐣ཤࡢ⤒㦂ࢆ෌ゎ㔘࣭෌ᵓ ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡽ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊឤ᝟ࡣ㑧㨱⪅࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸦ibid.,p.113㸧ࠊ࡜㏙࡭ࡿࠋ ➹⪅ࡢ⪃࠼࡛ࡣࠊ┳ㆤᖌࡣ ࠎ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊᝈ⪅ࡢឤ᝟཯ᛂ࡟࠺ࡲࡃᑐฎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ࠊᝈ⪅ࡢᚰࡢ

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ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞ゎỴ⟇ࢆぢࡘࡅࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡀ㏙࡭ࡿ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗほ Ⅼ࠿ࡽࡢᑐฎࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࡢឤ᝟ࡢព࿡ࢆᤊ࠼ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊ┳ㆤ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸ほ᪉ࠊᑐ ฎἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦㸦㸰㸧࣋ࢼ࣮㸭࣮ࣝ࣋ࣝࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎ࡬ࡢ⪃ᐹ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿほ᪉ࡣࠊࠕ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࢫࢺࣞࢫ⟶⌮ࠖࡢ⏝ἲ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎࡢほ᪉ࡣࠊேࡀఱࢆࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜ཷࡅṆࡵ㸪ࡑࡢே࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐฎࡢ 㑅ᢥ⫥ࡀ㛤࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡣࠊࡑࡢேࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᢏ⬟࡜ព࿡࡜ಶேྐࢆᦠ࠼ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟≧ἣ࡟ ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚つᐃࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ㸦ibid.,p.Ѓ㸧ࠋ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣே㛫ࡢᮏ㉁ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ࡟ࡣព⩏࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕே㛫࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ఱ࠿࣭ㄡ࠿ࡀ኱ ஦࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࢆ㑊ࡅ࡚㏻ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸦ibid.,pp.9-10㸧ࠊ࡜ࡍࡿࠋேࡀఱ࠿࣭ㄡ࠿ ࢆ኱஦࡟ᛮ࠺࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊேࡣୡ⏺࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ㛵୚ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ேࡢ ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡀẼ࡙࠿࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀఱࢆ኱஦࡟ᛮ࠺࠿ࢆỴࡵࡿࡢࡀẼ࡙࠿࠸࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊࢃࢀ ࢃࢀࡀఱࢆࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜ཷࡅṆࡵࡿ࠿ࡶ㸪Ẽ࡙࠿࠸ࡢ࠶ࡾࡼ࠺࡟ࡼࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊேࡣ⑓Ẽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ Ẽ࡙࠿࠸ࡢ࠶ࡾࡼ࠺ࢆኚ᭦ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ≧ἣࡣࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡍ ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⑓Ẽయ㦂ࢆࡑࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ≧ἣ࡜ᤊ࠼ࠊᝈ⪅ࡣ⑓Ẽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡞⏕ά࡟ᨭ㞀ࢆࡁࡓ ࡋࠊሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ⏕άࡀ◚⥢ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᝈ⪅࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺࠶ࡾ᪉࡛㛵୚ࡍࡿ┳ ㆤᖌࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࡢ㝈ࡽࢀࡓᑐฎࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢ୰࠿ࡽྍ⬟࡞ാࡁ࠿ࡅࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ┳ㆤᖌࡢᐇ㝿 ⓗ࡞࠿࠿ࢃࡾࡣࠊ┳ㆤᖌࡢᝈ⪅࡬ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸࡟ࡼࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎࡢほ᪉࡟ࡣࠊᏑᅾㄽⓗ࡞ព࿡࡜Ꮡᅾⓗព࿡ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ┳ㆤᖌࡀᝈ⪅ࡢ≧ἣ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺࠶ࡾ᪉⮬యࡣࠊே㛫ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡢ᰿ᮏ࡟ 㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᏑᅾㄽⓗḟඖࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸࡛࠶ࡾࠊ┳ㆤᖌࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ ලయⓗ࠿࠿ࢃࡾࡣᏑᅾⓗḟඖࡢࢣ࢔࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗࢫࢺ ࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᏑᅾㄽⓗ࡜Ꮡᅾⓗḟඖࢆศࡅ࡚ᤊ࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀゎࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ࣋ࢼ ࣮ࡽࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗࢫࢺࣞࢫㄽࡢ≉ᛶ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ┳ㆤᖌࡀ≧ἣ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡣࠊ࣏ࢹ࢕ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ព࿡ࡔࡅ࡜ࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞ ࠸ࠋᝈ⪅ࡀ┳ㆤᖌࡢࢣ࢔ࢆཷࡅᐜࢀࡽࢀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡸࠊ཯ᑐ࡟┳ㆤᖌࡀᝈ⪅ࡢ≧ἣࢆẼ࡙࠿࠺ࡇ࡜ ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࠊ࡝ࡕࡽࡶ┳ㆤᖌ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣᅔ㞴ࡸᚰ③ࢆక࠺ࠋ≉࡟ࠊⱞ③ࡢᙉ࠸ᝈ⪅ࠊ⤊ᮎᮇ ࡢᝈ⪅ࠊ㔜ᗘࡢ㞀ᐖࢆᢪ࠼ࡓᝈ⪅࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿ┳ㆤᖌࡣࠊᙉ࠸ࢫࢺࣞࢫࢆឤࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ ࡣࠊ┳ㆤᖌࡀ≧ἣ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡿ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡣࠊࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ព࿡ࡶ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊ┳ㆤᖌࡀࢣ࢔ࡢᅔ㞴࡞≧ἣ࡟┤㠃ࡋࡓሙྜࠊྠ൉ࡢᨭ᥼ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᝈ⪅࡟ ྥࡁྜ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⤒㦂࠿ࡽࡢᏛࡧࡣ኱ࡁ࠸㸦ibid.,pp.414-415㸧ࠊ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ ┳ㆤᖌࡀ⮬ศࡢ⬟ຊࢆ᭱኱㝈Ⓨ᥹ࡋ࡚ᝈ⪅࡜ᐙ᪘ࢆẼ࡙࠿࠸┳ㆤ࡛ࡁࡿ᮲௳ࡀᩚ࠼ࡤࠊ┳ㆤ࡟క ࠺ࢫࢺࣞࢫࡣ┳ㆤࡢ௙஦࡟ᙜ↛క࠺࡜ࡉࢀࡿ⛬ᗘࡢࡶࡢࡲ࡛ᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦ibid.,p.438㸧ࠊ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ ≧ἣ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ㛵୚ࡍࡿ┳ㆤᖌࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࢆẼ࡙࠿࠺ࡇ࡜࡛༷ࡗ࡚ⱞࡋࡳࡸᅔ㞴ࢆయ㦂ࡍࡿ࡜ ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᑐฎࡍࡿ୰࡛┳ㆤᖌ࡟ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ႐ࡧࡸ඘ᐇឤࡀࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ

(13)

࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡏࡼࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢࢣ࢔ࡢᇶ┙࡟ࡣᏑᅾㄽⓗḟඖ࡛ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ┳ㆤᖌࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᝈ⪅ࡀẼ࡙࠿࠺⬟ຊࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡍ࡜ࠊᝈ⪅Ѹ┳ㆤᖌ㛵ಀࡢẼ࡙࠿࠺ 㛵ಀࡣಙ㢗㛵ಀࢆࡘࡃࡾࠊᝈ⪅ࡀࢣ࢔ࢆཷࡅᐜࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡣࠊࢣ࢔ࡍ ࡿ┳ㆤᖌ࡜ࢣ࢔ࡉࢀࡿᝈ⪅ࡢࢣ࢔㛵ಀࢆࡘࡃࡿ๓ᥦ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎㄽࡣࠊேࡀ⏕ࡁᢤࡃయ㦂࡜ࡋ࡚೺ᗣ࡜⑓Ẽࢆᤊ࠼ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ ࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡬ࡢᑐฎࢆ㌟యࢆල࠼ࡓே㛫࡜≧ἣ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢᛂ᥋ⓗ㛵ಀ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢほ᪉ࡣࠊࢫ ࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎㄽ࡟᪂ࡋ࠸ᒎᮃࢆ㛤࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ༶ࡕࠊᝈ⪅ࡢ⑓Ẽయ㦂ࢆᤊ࠼ࠊࡑࡢព࿡ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡀ㏙࡭ࡿ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗ࡞ほ᪉ࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢ⌧㇟ᏛⓗࢫࢺࣞࢫㄽࡣࠊẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡀ┳ㆤࡢ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡿᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ⑓Ẽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ⱞࡋࡴᝈ⪅ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆẼ࡙࠿࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࢣ࢔ࡢ➨୍⩏ⓗ࡞ࡇ࡜࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ┳ ㆤᖌࡣࠊ୍ேࡢே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠺୍ேࡢே㸦ᝈ⪅㸧࡟Ẽ࡙࠿࠸࡬ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᝈ⪅ࡢ❧ሙ࡟ ❧ࡕࡑࡢᝈ⪅ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢ≧ἣࡸⱞࡋࡳ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺ ࡟ࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡢ┳ㆤㄽࡣࠊࢣ࢔ࡢᮏ㉁ࢆᤊ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊ┳ㆤᐇ㊶ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟♧၀ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ࣋ࢼ࣮┳ㆤㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᴬཎẶ18_{ࡀဴᏛ⪅ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣋ࢼ} ࣮ࡽࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗ┳ㆤㄽࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡣࠊ㈗㔜࡞ཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢㄽᩥࡢ୰࡛ࠊⱝᖸẼ࡟࡞ࡗ ࡓ⟠ᡤࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠕ࣋ࢼ࣮┳ㆤㄽ࡬ࡢᢈุⓗ⪃ᐹ̾࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡽⰋ࠸ࢣ࢔࡟ᑟ࠿ࢀࡿ࠿ࠖࠊ࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄽ ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ⟠ᡤ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᴬཎẶ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ┳ㆤࡢᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡇࡢ࣋ࢼ࣮㸭࣮ࣝ࣋ࣝࡢ┳ㆤ ㄽࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓᚋ࡟ࠊᏛ⏕࠿ࡽࠊࠕⰋ࠸ࢣ࢔ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣ࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸࠿ࠖࠊࠕᝈ⪅࡬ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ ࡀᣢ࡚ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡟ࡣ࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸࠿ࠖ࡜ࡓࡧࡓࡧ㉁ၥࢆཷࡅࠊࡑࡢ⟅࠼࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᛂ᥋࡜࠸ ࠺ᴫᛕࢆ࠶ࡆࠊⰋ࠸ࢣ࢔ࢆ┠ᣦࡑ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ┳ㆤᖌࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕᛂ᥋ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡣࠊ≧ἣ࡟ᑐࡍࡿே㛫ࡢ㐺ᛂ㛵ಀࢆ⾲ࡍࣛࢨࣝࢫࡢᴫᛕ㸦ibid.,p,65㸧 ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠕ≧ἣࠖ࡟つᐃࡉࢀࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊࡑࢀ࡟㐺ᛂࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠕ≧ἣࠖ࡟ാ ࡁ࠿ࡅࠊࡲࡓࠊࠕ≧ἣࠖࡸࡑࢀ࡬ࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅࢆព࿡࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡑࡢព࿡࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡉࡽ ࡟つᐃࡉࢀࡶࡍࡿே㛫ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ♧ࡍᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ㸦୰␎㸧ࠕᛂ᥋ⓗࠖ࡞࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ ே㛫ࡀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢᴫᛕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ┳ㆤ⌧ሙ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡢ୰࡛㸪ࡑࡢ≧ἣ࡟ಁ ࡉࢀࡘࡘ㸪ᝈ⪅ࡸᐙ᪘ࢆ኱஦࡞ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟ព࿡࡙ࡅ㸪Ⰻ࠸ࢣ࢔ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ດຊࡍ ࡿ┳ㆤᖌࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣࠊ༑ศㄝ᫂ࡀྍ⬟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ㸦ᴬཎ:2008,p.108㸧 ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ➹⪅ࡣࠊᛂ᥋࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡣ୙せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋఱᨾ࡞ࡽࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡣࠊẼ࡙࠿࠸࡜ ࡣࠊࠕ≧ἣ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ㸦involvement㸧࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ ┳ㆤᐇ㊶ࡣࠕ┳ㆤᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚≧ἣ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ㛵୚ࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺࠿࠿ࢃࡾ࡛ࠊႠࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ༶ࡕࠊ ⇍⦎┳ㆤᖌࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ูࡢẼ࡙࠿࠺⬟ຊࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊᝈ⪅ࡢ๓࡟❧ࡕࠊࡑࡢᝈ⪅࡟࡝࠺࡟࠿㛵ࢃ ࡾࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ᛮ࠸ࡣࠊࠕ≧ἣ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺࠶ࡾ᪉࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔ ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋᏛ⏕ࡸ᪂ே┳ㆤᖌࡣࠊ⤒㦂ࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ᭱ึ࠿ࡽⰋ࠸ࢣ࢔ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇ

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ࡢࠕ≧ἣ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡣࠊࡑࡢ≧ἣࡢ୰࡛ࡢ᭱ၿࢆᑾࡃࡍࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ≧ἣࡢ ୰࡛ດຊࡍࡿࡢࡀⰋ࠸࡜࠸࠺つ⠊ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ᭱ၿࢆᑾࡃࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࢣ࢔ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣࠊ Ⰻ࠸ࢣ࢔࡬ࡢᑟࡁ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼࡟❧࡚ࡤࠊᏛ⏕ࡸ᪂ேࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ᭱ၿ ࡢດຊࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡾࠊⰋ࠸ࢣ࢔࡬ࡢᑟࡁ࡜࡞ࡿᐇ㊶ࡢᢏ⬟カ⦎ࡸࠊ⤒㦂ࡢ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡࡣ 㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ⤒㦂ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࠸✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࡀㄢ㢟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ⫼ᬒⓗព࿡ࡶ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ┳ㆤᖌ࡜ᝈ⪅ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ┳ㆤᖌࡣᝈ⪅ࡢࡓ ࡵ࡟Ẽ࡙࠿࠺࡜࠸࠺⬦⤡ࡀไᗘⓗ࣭ᩥ໬ⓗ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࠊᐇ ㊶ࡢ⬟ຊࡀ⇍㐩ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊᝈ⪅ࡢ๓࡟┳ㆤᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ᒃྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࢆẼ࡙࠿࠸ୡ ヰࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⴀࡳࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᝈ⪅࡜ᩥ໬ࢆඹ᭷࡛ࡁࡿࠋ┳ㆤᖌࡣ⮬ศ࡛ࡣ⑓Ẽయ㦂ࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡞ ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊᝈ⪅࡬ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᝈ⪅࡟㏆࡙ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ϫ ϫ ࠾ࢃࡾ࡟ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗほ᪉ࡣࠊேࢆẼ࡙࠿࠸ୡヰࢆࡍࡿᐇ㊶࡜ࡋ࡚㈐௵ࢆᘬࡁ ཷࡅࡿ┳ㆤࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ┳ㆤࡣࠊேࡀ೺ᗣ࡞≧ἣ࡜⑓Ẽࡢ≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚⏕ ࡁᢤ࠸࡚࠸ࡿయ㦂ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢయ㦂ࢆព࿡࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᝈ⪅ࡀࡇ࠺࠶ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ ࠺࠶ࡾ᪉࡛࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟᥼ຓࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࡣ┳ㆤᐇ㊶ࡢ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ ࢆࡣࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡀẼ࡙࠿࠸ࢆ┳ㆤᐇ㊶ࡢ➨୍⩏ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿᡤ௨࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢣ࢔ ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࢆࡣࡌࡵᐙ᪘ࡸ་⒪ᚑ஦⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᨵࡵ࡚┳ㆤᐇ㊶ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡸࠊ་⒪ࡢ࠶ ࡾ᪉ࢆぢ┤ࡍࡇ࡜࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢ⌮ㄽࡣࡍࡄ࡟⮫ᗋ࡟ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᐇ㊶᭩࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⪃࠼᪉ࠊᛮ⪃ἲࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗ┳ㆤㄽ࡟ࡣࠊ⇍⦎┳ㆤᖌࡢከࡃࡢ஦౛ࡀࠊ⠊౛࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡆࡽࢀ ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ༟㉺ࡋࡓ┳ㆤᐇ㊶ࢆグ㏙ࡋ㸪ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ⌮ㄽࢆ ⌮ゎࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐇ㊶࡟ྲྀධࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⤒㦂ࢆ✚ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃ࠿19_࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣࠊ⮫ᗋ࡟ᦠࢃࡿಶࠎࡢ┳ㆤᖌ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗぢ᪉࡟ࡼࡿ┳ㆤ ᐇ㊶ࡢグ㏙࡜ゎ㔘ࡣ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢᐇ㊶ࡢグ㏙ࡸゎ㔘࠿ࡽࠊࡲࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢣ࢔ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡀぢ࠸ࡔ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ὀ 1_{ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢᩥ⊩ࢆཧ↷ࡋࡓࠋ} 㸯㸧Ώ㑓⨾༓௦(1999),ࠗ⤫୍ⓗ㌟యࡢ⪃ᐹ㸫࣓ࣝࣟ㸻࣏ࣥࢸ࢕ࡢ⌧㇟ᏛⓗどⅬ࠿ࡽ࠘ࠊ኱㜰ᗓ❧┳ㆤ኱Ꮫ ་⒪ᢏ⾡▷ᮇ኱Ꮫ㒊⣖せ,㸲㸸pp.67-75ࠋ 㸰㸧ᗈ℩ᐶᏊ㸦2003㸧,ࠕ┳ㆤ㠃᥋ࡢᶵ⬟࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲㸫㏱ᯒᝈ⪅࡜ࡢ㠃᥋ࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗศᯒ(ࡑࡢ㸯)㸦ࡑ ࡢ㸰㸧㸦ࡑࡢ㸱㸧ࠖࠗ┳ㆤ◊✲࢔࣮࢝࢖ࣈࢫ➨㸰ᕳ࠘,PP.230ࠥ291,་Ꮫ᭩㝔ࠋ 㸱㸧すᮧ࣑ࣘ㸦2004㸧ࠗㄒࡾ࠿ࡅࡿ㌟య ┳ㆤࢣ࢔ࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫ࠘,ࡺࡳࡿฟ∧ࠋ

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㸲㸧ᒣෆ඾Ꮚ㸦2007㸧,ࠗ┳ㆤࢆ࡜࠾ࡋ࡚ࡳ࠼ࡿ∦㯞⑷ࢆక࠺⬻⾑⟶㞀ᐖᝈ⪅ࡢ㌟య⤒㦂࠘ࠊࡍࡨ࠿᭩ᡣࠋ 2 _࣡_ࢺࢯࣥ_{,J.(1988)/✄ᒸᩥ᫛,✄ᒸගᏊヂ㸦1992㸧,ࠗ࣡ࢺࢯࣥ┳ㆤㄽ㸫ே㛫⛉Ꮫ࡜ࣄ࣮࣐ࣗࣥࢣ࢔࠘,་} Ꮫ᭩㝔. 3_{ࣃ࣮ࢫ࢕,R,R. 㸦1985㸧/㧗ᶫ↷Ꮚヂ,ࠗ೺ᗣࢆѸ⏕ࡁࡿѸே㛫Ѹࣃ࣮ࢫ࢕┳ㆤ⌮ㄽ࠘, ⌧௦♫ࠋ} ࣃ࣮ࢫ࢕,R,R. 㸦2004㸧/㧗ᶫ↷Ꮚヂ,ࠗࣃ࣮ࢫ࢕┳ㆤ⌮ㄽ—ே㛫⏕ᡂࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗ᥈✲࠘,་Ꮫ᭩㝔ࠋ 4_{ࣃࢺࣜࢩ࢔࣭࣋ࢼ࣮㸦1992,2005㸧/஭㒊ಇᏊ┘ヂ,ࠗ࣋ࢼ࣮┳ㆤㄽ᪂ヂ∧ ึᚰ⪅࠿ࡽ㐩ே࡬࠘,་Ꮫ᭩} 㝔ࠋ 5_{Ώ㑓⨾༓௦ࠊΏ㑓ᬛᏊࠊ㧗ᶫ↷Ꮚ㸦2004㸧,ࠕ┳ㆤ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⌧㇟Ꮫࡢά⏝࡜ࡑࡢືྥࠖࠕࠗ┳ㆤ◊✲࠘ቑ} หྕࠊVol.37,No,5ࠊpp.59-69ࠊ་Ꮫ᭩㝔ࠋ┳ㆤ⏺࡬ࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫࡢᑟධࡣ 1966 ᖺ㸦᪩ᆏ૗ḟ㑻ࠕ⑓Ẽ࡜ே 㛫̾⌧㇟Ꮫⓗヨㄽࠖࠊ኱᳃ᩥᏊࡽ⦅ࠗᝈ⪅࡟┠ࢆྥࡅࡼ࠺࠘ᡤ཰ࠊ་Ꮫ᭩㝔㸧࡜ࠊࡉࢀࡿࠋΏ㑓ࡽࡣࠊ1990 ᖺᚋ༙࠿ࡽ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗ᪉ἲࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ┳ㆤ◊✲ㄽᩥ࣭Ⓨ⾲ࡣቑຍഴྥ࡟࠶ࡾࠊ┳ㆤᐇ㊶ࡢ㉁ⓗྥୖ࡟኱ ࠸࡟ព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ᝈ⪅ࡸᐙ᪘ࢆࠊࡑࡢேࡓࡕࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽ⌮ゎࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ┳ㆤ⪅ࡢ┿ᦸ࡞ጼໃ㸧࡜ࡋ࡞ ࡀࡽࡶࠊ◊✲⪅ࡢ୺ほⓗ೫ࡾࢆ࠸࠿࡟ᅇ㑊ࡍࡿ࠿ࡀㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊཝᐦ࡞⌧㇟ Ꮫⓗ◊✲᪉ἲࡢ▱㆑ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 6_{࣋ࢼ࣮/࣮ࣝ࣋ࣝ/㞴Ἴ༟ᚿヂ㸦1999㸧,ࠗ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗே㛫ㄽ࡜┳ㆤ࠘,་Ꮫ᭩㝔㸬}_{ࠗ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗே㛫ㄽ࡜┳ㆤ࠘}_, ་Ꮫ᭩㝔ࠋ

Patricia Benner/Judith Wrubel, (1989).The Primacy of Caring :Stress and Coping in Health and Illness. Menlo Park CA:Addison-Wesley publishing Companyࠋ

7_{ࣄ࣮ࣗࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭L࣭ࢻࣞ࢖ࣇ࢓ࢫ/ 㛛⬥ಇ௓┘ヂࠊᴬཎဴஓࠊ㈏ᡂேࠊ᳃୍㑻ࠊ㎘Ꮥኵヂ㸦2005㸧ࠊࠗୡ} ⏺ෆᏑᅾ࠘,⏘ᴗᅗ᭩ࠋ 8 _{ࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢣ࢔㸦Sorge㸧ࡣࠕẼ࡙࠿࠸ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ே㛫ࡢ඲ⓗ࡞࠶ࡾ࠿ࡓࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ} ࡇࡢࠕẼ࡙࠿࠸ࠖ࡜ࡣࠊே㛫ࡀே㛫࡛࠶ࡿ᰿ᮏⓗ࡞࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ࡢ࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡢᏑ ᅾㄽⓗḟඖ࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ಶࠎࡢᚰ㓄ࡸᚰ③࡜࠸ࡗࡓලయⓗ࡞࠶ࡾ࠿ࡓࡣࠕᏑᅾⓗࠖḟඖ࡜ࡉࢀ ࡿࠋ୰ᒣ ᑘࠊ㧗ᶫ㧗㞝⦅㸦2001㸧ࠊࠕࢣ࢔ࡢᮏ㉁ᵓ㐀ࠖ,ࠗࢣ࢔ㄽࡢᑕ⛬࠘ࠊpp.27-87, ஑ᕞ኱Ꮫฟ∧఍ࠋ 9 _{๓ᥖ㸵, p.49ࠋ} 10 _{ࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞}_{/ཎభ࣭Ώ㑔஧㑻ヂ㸦2012㸧ࠊࠗᏑᅾ࡜᫬㛫Ϩ࠘pp.304-323ࠊ୰බࢡࣛࢩࢵࢡࢫࠋ} 11_{๓ᥖ㸵, pp.273-275ࠋ} 12_{๓ᥖ㸵, p.274ࠋ} 13 _{ࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻ࣭S࣭ࣛࢨࣝࢫࠊࢫ࣮ࢨ࣭ࣥࣇ࢛ࣝࢡ࣐ࣥ/ᮏ᫂ᐶࠊ᫓ᶞ㇏ࠊᑠ⏣ṇ⨾㸦1991㸧ࠊࠗࢫࢺࣞࢫࡢᚰ} ⌮Ꮫ࠘ࠊpp.3-24ࠊᐇົᩍ⫱ฟ∧ࠋ 14 _{ᩧ⸨⍞ᕼ࣭Ⳣཎṇ࿴㸦2007㸧,ࠕࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜ࢫࢺࣞࢫࢥ࣮ࣆࣥࢢࡢᐇ⾜ᛶ࡜ᚿྥᛶ㸦㸯㸧—ࢫࢺࣞࢫ} ࡜ࢥ࣮ࣆࣥࢢࡢ⌮ㄽ—ࠖࠗᒾᡭ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊㝃ᒓᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶⥲ྜࢭࣥࢱ࣮◊✲⣖せ࠘ࠊ➨㸴ྕ,pp.231-243ࠋ 15 _{࣭࢝ࣞࣥࣈࣜࢶ࢙ࣥࢫ࣮࢟ ࠕࣃࢺࣜࢩ࢔࣭࣋ࢼ࣮㸸ึᚰ⪅࠿ࡽ㐩ே࡬㸹⮫ᗋ┳ㆤᐇ㊶࡟࠾ࡅࡿ༟㉺} ᛶ࡜ࣃ࣮࣡ࠖ㸦2004㸧/༡⿱Ꮚヂ ࠊࠗ┳ㆤ⌮ㄽᐙ࡜ࡑࡢᴗ⦼ ➨㸱⌜࠘ᡤ཰㸦2007㸧ࠊpp.172-193,་Ꮫ᭩ 㝔ࠊࡇࡢ୰࡛ࣈࣜࢶ࢙ࣥࢫ࣮࢟ࡣ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡢᴗ⦼⤂௓࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡣࠊࢥ࣮ࣆࣥࢢࡣᐇ㊶▱㆑ࡢ୍ࡘ ࡢᙧ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ఱࡀࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚య㦂ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢே࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢥ࣮ࣆࣥࢢࡢ ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪௙஦ࡢព࿡ࡀᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠊ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ ࣛࢨࣝࢫࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ⌮ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠕேࡣព࿡ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ព࿡࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࢫ ࢺࣞࢫ࡜ࡣព࿡ࡢᔂቯ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢥ࣮ࣆࣥࢢ࡜ࡣࡑࡢᔂቯࢆேࡀ࡝࠺ࡃ࠸Ṇࡵࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢫࢺࣞࢫࡢ㧗࠸≧ἣ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ఱ࠿ࢆࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡾࠊఱ࠿ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡸࡵࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ ࢥ࣮ࣆࣥࢢࡢ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ゝཬࡋࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮ࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࣭ᑐฎ⌮ㄽࡢ㘽࡜࡞ࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ ࡣࠊཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡿࠋ 16_๓ᥖ㸶ࠊ_{pp.455-457ࠋࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞ࠗᏑᅾ࡜᫬㛫࠘/ཎభࠊΏ㑔஧㑻ヂࠊpp.313-317,୰බࢡࣛࢵࢩࢵࢡࠋ} ࣁ࢖ࢹ࣮࢞࡟ࡣࠕẼ࡙࠿࠸ࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸱ࡘࡢ⾡ㄒ̾<Sorge>࡜<Besorge>࡜< Fürsorge>ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ<Sorge> ࡣࠊୡ⏺ෆᏑᅾ࡜࠸࠺ே㛫ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉඲⯡ࢆ⥲ᣓࡍࡿᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࠶࡜ࡢ஧ࡘࡣࡑࡇ࠿ࡽࡢὴ⏕ᴫᛕ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ<Besorge>ࡣࠊ⏕άୡ⏺ࡢㅖ஦≀㸦㐨ලⓗᏑᅾ⪅㸧࡜ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗ஺΅ࡢෆ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ഃ

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㠃࠿ࡽே㛫ࡢୡ⏺ෆᏑᅾࢆゝ࠸⾲ࡍࡓࡵࡢᴫᛕࠊ< Fürsorge>ࡣࠊ௚⪅࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᅾࡿ࡜࠸࠺ഃ㠃࠿ࡽே㛫 ࡢୡ⏺ෆᏑᅾࢆゝ࠸⾲ࡍᴫᛕ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࠕ㐨ලⓗᏑᅾ⪅࡬ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࠖࠕ௚⪅࡬ࡢẼ࡙࠿࠸ࠖࢆព࿡ࡍ ࡿࠋࠗᏑᅾ࡜᫬㛫࠘ࡢⱥヂ∧࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ୕ㄒࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ < care > < concern > <solicitude> ࡜ヂࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㑥ヂ࡛ࡣࠊࠕẼ࡙࠿࠸ࠖࠕ㓄៖ⓗẼ࡙࠿࠸ࠖࠕ㢳៖ⓗẼ࡙࠿࠸ࠖ㸦ཎభ࣭Ώ㑔஧㑻ヂ㸧࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ 17 _{㧗ᶫ㝯㞝㸦}_{2008㸧,ࠗ⏕࿨࣭⎔ቃ࣭ࢣ࢔ ࣮᪥ᮏⓗ⏕࿨೔⌮ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ—࠘pp.20-23, ஑ᕞ኱Ꮫฟ∧఍ࠋ} 18_{ᴬཎဴஓ㸦2008㸧.ࠕ┳ㆤࢣ࢔⌮ㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ――ࡑࡢᴫほ࡜ᢈุⓗࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ――ࠖࠊ} ࠗࣇࢵࢧ࣮ࣝ◊✲࠘ࠊ➨6 ྕࠊpp.97-109ࠋ 19 _{࣋ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢ┳ㆤᐇ㊶ࡢ⤒㦂ࢆ✚ࡴ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࣋ࢼ࣮,P(2001)/஭㒊ಇᏊ┘ヂ㸦2005㸧} ࠗ࣋ࢼ࣮┳ㆤㄽ ᪂ヂ∧࣮ึᚰ⪅࠿ࡽ㐩ே࡬࠘,་Ꮫ᭩㝔ࠊࡀཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡿࠋ ཧ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ ࣃࢺࣜࢩ࢔࣭࣋ࢼ࣮㸭┦Ⰻ-࣮ࣟࢮ࣐࢖࣮ࣖࡳࡣࡿ┘ヂࠊ⏣୰⨾ᜨᏊ࣭⯚ᮌ༤୍ヂ㸦2006㸧,ࠗゎ㔘ⓗ⌧㇟ Ꮫ ೺ᗣ࡜⑓Ẽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㌟యᛶ࣭ࢣ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࣭೔⌮࠘ࠊ་ṑ⸆ฟ∧ᰴᘧ఍♫ࠋ ࢫࢨࣥࢾ࣭ࢦ࣮ࢻࣥ/஭㒊ಇᏊ┘ヂ(2007)ࠗࢣ࢔ࡢ」㞧ᛶѸ┳ㆤࢆ෌⪃ࡍࡿ࠘pp.140Ѹ163,࢚ࣝࢮࣅ࢔࣭ ࢪࣕࣃࣥࠋ వ ၿឡ㸦2009㸧ࠗ┳ㆤ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡶࡢࡢぢ᪉࣭⪃࠼᪉࠘ࠊ᪥ᮏ┳ㆤ༠఍ฟ∧఍ࠋ 㧗ᶫ↷Ꮚ(1990)ࠗே㛫⛉Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ┳ㆤᏛࢪࣙࢭࢶ┳ㆤ࡬ࡢ⌧㇟Ꮫⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࠘ࠊ་Ꮫ᭩㝔ࠋ ⟄஭┿ඃ⨾ࠊ(2011)ࠗ┳ㆤᏛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢣ࢔ࣜࣥࢢࡢ⌧ᅾ࠘┳ㆤ◊✲ Vol.44 No.2,PP.115-128,་Ꮫ᭩㝔ࠋ ࢺ࣮࣐ࢫ࣭ࢡ࣮ࣥ/୰ᒣⱱヂࠊࠗ⛉Ꮫ㠉࿨ࡢᵓ㐀࠘ࠊࡳࡍࡎ᭩ᡣࠋ ᮌ⏣ඖ㸦2012㸧,ࠗ⌧௦ࡢဴᏛ࠘ࠊㅮㄯ♫Ꮫ⾡ᩥᗜࠋ 㔝ᓥⰋᏊ(2009)ࠗ┳ㆤ⛉Ꮫࡢࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒㌿᥮ ㉁ⓗ◊✲ࡣ࠸ࡘࠊ࡞ࡐⓏሙࡋࡓࡢ࠿࠘ࠊ࡬ࡿࡍฟ∧ࠋ ࣓࢖ࣖࣟࣇ࣭M. (1971)ࠗ ࢣ࢔ࡢᮏ㉁࠘㸦⏣ᮧ┿࣭ྥ㔝ᐉஅヂ㸧ࠋ ࢠ࣭ࣜ࢞ࣥC(1982)ࠗࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢࡢኌ̿⏨ዪࡢ㐨ᚨほࡢࡕࡀ࠸࡜ዪᛶࡢ࢔࢖ࢹ࢕ࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࠘/ᒾ⏨ᑑ⨾Ꮚ ヂ(1986)ࠊᕝᓥ᭩ᗑࠋ

Noddings ,Nel,(1984), Caring:A Feminin Approach to Ethics & Moral Education. Berkley:University of California Press, (㑥ヂ㸸ࣀࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࢫࠊࢿࣝ( 2003)ࠗࢣ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ ೔⌮࡜㐨ᚨࡢᩍ⫱̿ዪᛶࡢ❧ሙ࠿ ࡽ࠘❧ᒣ⩏ᗣ࣭ᯘ Ὀᡂ࣭ΎỈ㔜ᶞ࣭ᐑᓮᏹᚿ࣭᪂ ⱱஅヂࠊ᫭ὒ᭩ᡣࠋ ࢡ࣮ࢮ࣭H.(1997)ࠗࢣ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ̿┳ㆤ፬࣭ዪᛶ࣭೔⌮.࠘➉ෆᚭ,ᮧୖᘺ⏕ヂ㸦2000.㸧,࣓ࢹ࢕࢝ฟ∧ࠋ ࣞ࢖ࢽ࣮ࣥ࢞,M.M.(1991)/✄ᒸᩥ᫛ヂ㸦1995㸧ࠗࣞ࢖ࢽ࣮ࣥ࢞┳ㆤㄽ̿ᩥ໬ࢣ࢔ࡢከᵝᛶ࡜ᬑ㐢ᛶ࠘,་Ꮫ ᭩㝔ࠋ ࣮ࣟࢳ,M.S.(1992)/㕥ᮌᬛஅ,᧯⳹Ꮚ,᳃ᒸᓫヂ㸦1996㸧,ࠗ࢔ࢡࢺ࣭࢜ࣈ࣭ࢣ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࣮ࢣ࢔ࡋ࡚ࡢே㛫࠘, ࡺࡳࡿฟ∧ࠋ