JAIST Repository
https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/ Title ライセンス・イン／アウトから見たオープンイノベー ションの特徴 Author(s) 氏田, 壮一郎; 富澤, 宏之 Citation 年次学術大会講演要旨集, 34: 776-780 Issue Date 2019-10-26Type Conference Paper
Text version publisher
URL http://hdl.handle.net/10119/16524
Rights
本著作物は研究・イノベーション学会の許可のもとに 掲載するものです。This material is posted here with permission of the Japan Society for Research Policy and Innovation Management.
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ࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥ㸭࢘ࢺࡽぢࡓ
࣮࢜ࣉࣥࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ≉ᚩ
ۑẶ⏣ኊ୍㑻㸦⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ ➨2 ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㸧 ᐩ⃝ᏹஅ㸦⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ ➨2 ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㸧1.
ᴫせ ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ㸦௨ᚋ㹍㹇㸧[1]ࡣ㸪እ㒊ࡽࡢ▱㆑ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪 እ㒊▱㆑ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ㸪ࡉࡽࡑࡢ୧᪉ࢆᐇࡍࡿ⤫ྜᆺࡢ㸱ࡘࡢᙧែศ㢮࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࡇࢀࡽ㹍㹇ࡢᙧែࡣ㸪ᴗࡀ⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿእ㒊⎔ቃࡸ㸪ࡑࡢෆ㒊⎔ቃࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤࡀᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕẸ㛫ᴗࡢ◊✲άື㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ 2018ࠖࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝ࡋ ࡘࡘ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᙧែࡘ࠸࡚ಠ▔ⓗศᯒࡍࡿࠋ 2. ඛ⾜◊✲ࡽᮏⓎ⾲ࡢ┠ⓗ 㹍㹇ࡣ▱㆑ࣇ࣮ࣟࡢ᪉ྥࡼࡾ3 ࡘࡢᙧែศ㢮࡛ࡁࡿ[2]ࠋࡑࡢᙧែࡣ㸪እ㒊ࡽࡢᢏ⾡ࡸࢹ ࡢ⋓ᚓࢆ⾜࠺ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ㸪እ㒊ࡢᢏ⾡ࡸࢹࡢᥦ౪ࢆ⾜࠺࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ㸪ࡉࡽࡇ ࢀࡽࢆే⏝ࡍࡿ⤫ྜ㸦࢝ࢵࣉࣝࢻ㸧ᆺࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪㹍㹇ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡣࡇࡢศ㢮ᇶ࡙ࡁ㆟ㄽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡎࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡣ㸪᪂ࡋ࠸౯್ࢆฟࡍࡿࡓࡵእ㒊ࡢ▱㆑ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ⋓ ᚓࡋࡓ▱㆑ࢆ᪤Ꮡ▱㆑ࡍࡳࡸ⼥ྜࡉࡏ࡚㸪⮬♫ࡢ▱㆑ࡋ࡚ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿ≧ែࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋḟ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ලయⓗࡣࢹ㛤♧ࡸ IP ࡞ࡢ㈨※ᥦ౪࡞ࢆᣦࡍᙧ ែ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪▱㆑౪⤥ഃ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ౪⤥ࣇ࣮ࣟࡢไᚚࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㹍㹇࠾࠸࡚ᑟᶒࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ୧᪉ࢆᐇࡍࡿ⤫ྜᆺࡢሙྜ㸪▱㆑ࡀ┦⿵ⓗ⏝ࡉࢀࡿ≧ἣࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ඹ࠸ࡗࡓᙧែࡸ㠀Ⴀ 㸭Ⴀ[3]࡞ࡢどⅬࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿ㸪㐃ᦠࡢᡭἲࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢᙧែࡀ␗࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ㸭࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡢศ㢮㔠㖹㍈ࢆຍࡋࡓሙྜ[4]㸪ࡲࡎࡇࡢ㔠㖹ࢆక࠺ࣥ ࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ≉ᚩࡣ㸪make -or-buy ᡓ␎ᇶ࡙ࡁᚲせ࡞ᢏ⾡ࡢࡳࢆ㉎ධࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟ࡔࡀ㸪 ྜ⌮ⓗ࡛ㄝ᫂ྍ⬟࡞⌮⏤ࡀ⤌⧊ෆ࡛ồࡵࡽࢀࡿሙྜࡀከࡃ㸪㛵㐃ᢏ⾡ࡘ࠸࡚ᖜᗈ࠸▱㆑ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋ ḟ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡣ IP ࢭࣜࣥࢢ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᥦ౪ࡍࡿ▱㆑౯್ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ༷ࡸࣛࢭࣥࢫ࡞ ࡼࡾ┈ࡀぢ㎸ࡵࡿࠋࡇࡢ㔠㖹ࢆᑐ౯ࡍࡿࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢺᆺ࣭࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡣ㸪ᢏ⾡ࡸ▱㆑ࡢ ࡳࢆྲྀᘬࡍࡿࡢ࡛ඹྠ◊✲ࡢᡭ㛫࠸ࡗࡓྲྀᘬࢥࢫࢺࡣᢚไ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪ᢏ⾡㌿⏝㛵㐃ࡋࡓㄝ࣭᫂ዎ⣙ ࠸ࡗࡓ≉ᐃࡢྲྀᘬࢥࢫࢺࡣⓎ⏕ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓᑟධࡍࡿ▱㆑ࡢ₯ᅾ౯್ࡸ㝞⭉ࡢணぢࡘ ࠸࡚ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ഃ㠃ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋᴗࡢ㹍㹇ⓗ࡞άືࢆࡍ࡚⥙⨶ࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࣛࢭࣥࢩࣥ ࢢ㛵ࡍࡿࡸࡾྲྀࡾࢆぢࡿࡇ࡛㸪◊✲㛤Ⓨ㛵ࡍࡿ≉ᚩࡀศࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡣ㸪ࠕ᪂ࡋ࠸〇ရࡸ⏕⏘ࡢ᪉ἲࢆᡂຌᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ ࡀⓎ᫂ࡸⓎぢ␗࡞ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࠕᡂຌࠖ࠸࠺Ⅼ࠶ࡿ[5]ࠋ࠼ࡤ㔠㖹ࡀక࠺ᢏ⾡ࡢࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ ࣥࡸ࢘ࢺࡣ㸪ᑟධࡢ㝿ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶࢥࢫࢺࢆࡅࡿࡔࡅࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞౯್ࡀ࠶ࡿᴗࡀุ᩿ࡋࡓࡶ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢഴྥࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇࡣ㹍㹇◊✲ࡗ࡚㸪ࠕᡂຌࠖࡢពࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿୖ࡛㔜せࡶ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭࢘ࢺࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿᴗࡘ࠸࡚⤫ィㄪᰝࢆ ⏝ࡋ㞟ィࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡑࡇࡽ㹍㹇ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᙧែࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒ⪃ᐹࢆᐇࡍࡿࠋ 3. ศᯒᡭἲ ㈨ᮏ㔠 1 ൨௨ୖ࡛◊✲㛤Ⓨࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᴗࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠕẸ㛫ᴗࡢ◊✲άື㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ 2018ࠖ㸦௨ᚋ㸪Ẹ◊ㄪᰝ㸧࠾ࡅࡿࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭࢘ࢺ1ࡢ㔠㢠௳ᩘ㛵ࡍࡿタၥ ࡢᅇ⟅⤖ᯝࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࠋ㞟ィ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ヱᙜࡢタၥࡢࡍ࡚ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓᴗ㸦1,258 ௳㸧ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪 ࡑࡢࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭࢘ࢺࡢ௳ᩘࢆࡶ㸪1 ᴗ࠶ࡓࡾࡢࣥ࢘ࢺࡢẚ⋡ࢆ⟬ 1 ᮏㄪᰝ࠾ࡅࡿ㸪ࠕࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥࡣ㸪♫ࡀᣢࡘ≉チᶒᑐࡋ㸪ᑐ౯ࢆᨭᡶࡗ࡚⮬♫ᑟධࡍࡿࡇࢆ࠸࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ ࢘ࢺࡣ㸪⮬♫࡛ྲྀᚓࡋࡓ≉チᶒࢆ♫༷ࡋࡓࡾ㸪ᑐ౯ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡗ࡚⏝ࢆチㅙࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࢆ࠸࠸ࡲࡍࠋࠖ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ２Ｇ０４
2G04.pdf :2 ฟࡋࡓࠋᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣ㸪ᴗ⏺つᶍࡢᕪ␗ࡀᫎࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸㔠㢠ࡼࡾࡶ㸪௳ᩘࢆᇶ‽㞟ィศᯒࢆ⾜࠺2ࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥࡢẚ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ᴗࢆࠕࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࠖ㸪ࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭࢘ࢺࡢẚ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ ᴗࢆࠕ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࠖ㸪୧᪉᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᴗࢆࠕ⤫ྜᆺࠖᐃ⩏ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽᴗࡈࣛࢭ ࣥࢫ࣭ࣥ࢘ࢺࡢᴗෆࡢẚ⋡ࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸪ࡑࡢẚ⋡ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ࡍ࡚ࡢᴗࢆ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ࣭ ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ࣭⤫ྜᆺศ㢮ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ᮲௳ᇶ࡙ࡁ㞟ィࡋศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ 4. 㞟ィ⤖ᯝ ᭷ຠᅇ⟅1,258 ♫ࡢ࠺ࡕࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥ㸭࢘ࢺࡢᐇᴗࡣ 398 ♫㸦31.6㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ㞟 ィ⤖ᯝࢆࡶ⤫ྜᆺࢆྵࡵ㸳ࡘࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥศ㢮ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ⾲㸯ཧ↷㸧ࠋᐇᴗෆ࡛ࡢྜࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪 ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡀ46.0㸣㸪࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡀ 48.2%㸪⤫ྜᆺࡀ 5.8㸣࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶࣛࢭࣥ ࢫ࣭ࣥ 100%ࡢࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻ≉ᆺࡀ 31.4%㸪ᑐࡋ࡚ࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭࢘ࢺ 100%ࡢ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻ≉ ᆺࡀ 33.9%࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨㝆㸪ᴗ✀ࡸᴗつᶍ࡞ࡢෆⓗ⎔ቃࡢどⅬ㸪➇ྜᩘ࡞ࡢᕷሙ⎔ቃ㸪 እⓗ⎔ቃࡢどⅬᇶ࡙࠸࡚㞟ィࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ᅗ⾲1㸸య⤖ᯝ ௳ᩘ Q ྜ ᐇ௳ᩘ 㸦Q㸧 ྜ 䜽䝻䞊䝈䝗䜢 㝖䛔䛯ྜ 3㢮ᆺ 1: ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻ≉ᆺ㸸 ࠉࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥ㸭࢘ࢺ௳ᩘྜ⟬࡛ࠊࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥࡢẚ⋡ࡀ100㸣 㸦ࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭࢘ࢺࡀ0%㸧 125 9.9% 31.4% 2: ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᢡ⾺ᆺ㸸 ࠉࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥ㸭࢘ࢺ௳ᩘྜ⟬࡛ࠊࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥẚ⋡ࡀ55㸣௨ୖ100㸣ᮍ‶ 58 4.6% 14.6% 3: ᢡ⾺ᆺ㸸 ࠉࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥ㸭࢘ࢺ௳ᩘྜ⟬࡛ࠊࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥࡢẚ⋡ࡀ45㸣௨ୖ55㸣ᮍ‶ࠋ 23 1.8% 398 5.8% 5.8% 4: ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᢡ⾺ᆺ㸸 ࠉࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥ㸭࢘ࢺ௳ᩘྜ⟬࡛ࠊࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥࡢẚ⋡ࡀ0㸣ࡼࡾࡁࡃ45㸣ᮍ‶ࠋ 57 4.5% 14.3% 5: ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻ≉ᆺ㸸 ࠉࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥࡢẚ⋡ࡀ0㸣㸦ࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭࢘ࢺࡀ100㸣㸧 135 10.7% 33.9% 6: ࢡ࣮ࣟࢬࢻ㸸ࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥ㸭ࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭࢘ࢺࡶ0㸣 860 68.4% 860 68.4% 31.6% 46.0% 48.2% 4.1 ᴗ✀ู㞟ィ ࡲࡎẸ◊ㄪᰝࡢせᴗ✀ศ㢮࡛㸪ࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥࡲࡓࡣࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭࢘ࢺࡢᐇ⋡3ࢆᴗ✀ูぢ ࡿ㸪᭱㧗ࡣ80.0%ࡢ㟁Ẽ࣭࢞ࢫ࣭⇕౪⤥࣭Ỉ㐨ᴗ࡛㸪ḟࡑࡢࡢ㍺㏦⏝ᶵᲔჾල〇㐀ᴗ 60.0%㸪ᘓ タᴗ50.6%࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋḟࠕࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࠖᴗ㸦ᅗ⾲ 2㸧ࡢྜࡀ㧗࠸㸯㸮ᴗ✀࡛ࡣ㸪ሗ㏻ ಙᶵᲔჾල〇㐀ᴗࡀ9 ᭱㧗࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽᴗ✀࠾࠸࡚㸪Ẹ◊ㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚◊✲㛤Ⓨ㞟⣙ᗘ㸦ᑐ ୖ㧗࣭⮬♫㈇ᢸ◊✲㛤Ⓨᨭฟ⥲㢠ẚ⋡㸧ࡀ㧗࠸ࡉࢀࡿ㸴ᴗ✀ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ⾲ෆۻ࣐࣮ࢡ㸧ࠋࡑ ࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠕ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࠖᴗࡢྜࡀ㧗࠸ୖᴗ✀㸦ᅗ⾲3㸧ࡣ㸪་⸆ရ〇㐀ᴗࡢࡳ࡛㸪ࡑࢀ ௨እࡣྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ᅗ⾲2㸸ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺᴗࡢẚ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ୖᴗ✀ ᅗ⾲ 3㸸࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺᴗࡢẚ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ୖᴗ✀ 91.7% 78.9% 70.0% 66.7% 66.7% 66.7% 66.7% 66.7% 63.6% 58.3% 46.0% 8.3% 15.8% 30.0% 33.3% 33.3% 16.7% 33.3% 25.0% 27.3% 25.0% 48.2% 0% 50% 100% 䖩ሗ㏻ಙᶵᲔჾල〇㐀ᴗ 䖩ᴗົ⏝ᶵᲔჾල〇㐀ᴗ 㠀㕲㔠ᒓ〇㐀ᴗ Ἔ⬡䞉ሬᩱ〇㐀ᴗ 䖩▼Ἔ〇ရ䞉▼Ⅳ〇ရ〇㐀ᴗ 䖩䝂䝮〇ရ〇㐀ᴗ 㟁Ꮚ㒊ရ䞉䝕䝞䜲䝇䞉㟁Ꮚᅇ㊰〇䈈 ༺ᴗ䞉ᑠᴗ 䖩㟁Ꮚᛂ⏝䡡㟁Ẽィ ᶵჾ〇㐀ᴗ 䖩䛭䛾Ꮫᕤᴗ య ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ ⤫ྜᆺ ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ 16.7% 8.3% 20.0% 17.5% 25.0% 32.0% 33.3% 40.0% 42.9% 33.3% 46.0% 83.3% 83.3% 80.0% 80.0% 75.0% 68.0% 66.7% 60.0% 57.1% 55.6% 48.2% 0% 50% 100% 䛿䜣⏝ᶵᲔჾල〇㐀ᴗ 㟁Ẽ䡡䜺䝇䡡⇕౪⤥䞉Ỉ㐨ᴗ 䝟䝹䝥䞉⣬䞉⣬ຍᕤရ〇㐀ᴗ ᘓタᴗ ᢏ⾡䝃䞊䝡䝇ᴗ 㣗ᩱရ〇㐀ᴗ Ꮫ⾡䞉㛤Ⓨ◊✲ᶵ㛵 㕲㗰ᴗ 䖩་⸆ရ〇㐀ᴗ 䛭䛾䛾㍺㏦⏝ᶵᲔჾල〇㐀ᴗ య ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ ⤫ྜᆺ ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ 2 㔠㢠 0 ࡢ↓ൾࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥ㸦ᐇᴗᩘࡢ࠺ࡕ 1.26%㸧↓ൾࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭࢘ࢺ㸦ྠࡌࡃ 4.77%㸧ࡶྵࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 3 ᭷ຠᅇ⟅ᩘࡀ 10 ᮍ‶ࡢᴗ✀㸦㎰ᯘỈ⏘ᴗ㸪㖔ᴗ࣭᥇▼ᴗ࣭◁᥇ྲྀᴗ㸪༳ๅ࣭ྠ㛵㐃ᴗ㸪㏻ಙᴗ㸪ᨺ㏦ᴗ㸪ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ㝶࣭ࡑ ࡢࡢሗ㏻ಙᴗ㸪㐠㍺ᴗ࣭㒑౽ᴗ㸪㔠⼥ᴗ࣭ಖ㝤ᴗ㸪ᑓ㛛ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᴗ㸪ࡑࡢࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᴗ㸪ࡑࡢࡢᴗ✀㸧ࡣ㸪ᐇ⋡ୖᴗ✀ ࡢࣜࢫࢺࡽ㝖እࡋࡓࠋ
࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺᴗࡢྜࡀ㧗࠸ᴗ✀ࡋ࡚㸪㟁Ẽ࣭࢞ࢫ࣭⇕౪⤥࣭Ỉ㐨ᴗࡀ᭱㧗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ୧ ᅗ⾲ࢆぢࡓሙྜ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀୖᴗ✀ࡀ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ࣥ࢘ࢺ࡛ᴗ✀ⓗ࡞≉ᚩࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ ḟຍᕤ⤌❧ᆺ࣭ᇶ♏⣲ᮦᆺ࣭ࡑࡢ࠸ࡗࡓᴗែ≉ᚩ࡛ศ㢮ࡋഴྥࢆぢࡿ㸦ᅗ⾲4㸧㸪๓⪅ࡢຍ ᕤ࣭⤌❧ᆺ㸦242 ௳㸧㸪ᇶ♏⣲ᮦᆺ㸦91 ௳㸧ࡣඹ㸪ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡢྜࡀ㸪ࡑࡢࡣ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥ ࢻᆺࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡢࠕࡑࡢࠖࡣࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᴗ࣭ὶ㏻㸦22 ௳㸧ࡑࡢ㸦39 ௳㸧ᴗ ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀഴྥࡶຍᕤ⤌❧ᆺ࣭ᇶ♏⣲ᮦᆺࡣ␗࡞ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᅗ⾲4㸸ᴗ✀≉ᚩู ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ࣭࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡢྜ 50.0% 48.3% 24.6% 45.7% 45.0% 42.9% 70.5% 48.5% 0% 50% 100% ຍᕤ䞉⤌❧ရ ⣲ᮦຍᕤᆺ 䛭䛾䜋䛛 య ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ ᢡ⾺ᆺ ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ 4.2 ෆ㒊⎔ቃእ㒊⎔ቃ ෆ㒊⎔ቃࡋ࡚㸪ᴗつᶍࢆ⾲ࡍ㈨ᮏ㔠㝵⣭࡛ぢࡓሙྜ㸦ᅗ⾲5㸧㸪㈨ᮏ㔠㝵⣭ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ㸪࢘ ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡢྜࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㈨ᮏ㔠1,000 ൨௨ୖࡢᴗ㸦20 ♫㸧ࢆぢࡓሙྜ࡛ࡶ㸪࢘ࢺࣂ ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡀ㧗ࡃ66.7%࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࣛࢭࣥࢩࣥࢢࡢཎ㈨࡛࠶ࡿ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ࡢಖ᭷ᩘ࡛㸪ࡑࡢഴྥ ࡀ␗࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ẹ◊ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠕᅜෆ≉チᡤ᭷≧ἣࠖࡶㄪᰝࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᙧែࡈࡢᡤ᭷ᖹᆒ௳ ᩘࡣ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡀ681.4 ௳㸪ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡀ 702.3 ௳㸪⤫ྜᆺࡀ 986.9 ௳㸪ᐇᴗయ࡛ࡣ 709.2 ௳࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ẹ◊ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ 462.5 ௳ẚ㍑ࡍࡿከ࠸≧ἣ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᅗ⾲5㸸㈨ᮏ㔠㝵⣭ู ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ࣭࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡢྜ 60.2% 46.3% 36.2% 46.0% 35.5% 49.4% 55.3% 48.2% 0% 50% 100% 㻝㻙㻝㻜൨ 㻝㻜㻙㻝㻜㻜൨ᮍ‶ 㻝㻜㻜൨௨ୖ య ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ ᢡ⾺ᆺ ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ ྠࡌࡃẸ◊ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠕせᴗ✀࠾ࡅࡿ〇ရ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿせ࡞せ⣲ᢏ⾡ࡸせ⣲ᕤ⛬ࡢኚ ࡢࢧࢡࣝࠖࡢタၥࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ㞟ィࡋࡓሙྜ㸦ᅗ⾲6㸧㸪20 ᖺ௨ୖኚࡀ↓࠸ศ㔝࠾࠸࡚㸪࢘ ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡢྜࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ௨እࡢ 20 ᖺᮍ‶ࡢᢏ⾡ࢧࢡ࡛ࣝ࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡁ࡞ᕪ␗ࡣ ᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ ᅗ⾲6㸸ᢏ⾡ࢧࢡูࣝ ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ࣭࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡢྜ 34.7% 50.6% 46.7% 51.5% 50.0% 45.7% 60.4% 44.2% 45.7% 44.1% 42.6% 48.5% 0% 50% 100% 㻞㻜ᖺ௨ୖኚ䛺䛧 㻝㻜ᖺ䡚㻞㻜ᖺᮍ‶䛷ኚ 㻡ᖺ䡚㻝㻜ᖺᮍ‶䛷ኚ 㻟ᖺ䡚㻡ᖺᮍ‶䛷ኚ 㻟ᖺᮍ‶䛷ኚ య ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ ᢡ⾺ᆺ ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ
2G04.pdf :4 ḟእ㒊⎔ቃ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࣭ࣇ࢛࣮࣭ࣟ࣡ࢽࢵࢳ࣮࣭ࣕࡑࡢ࠸ࡗࡓᕷሙ༨᭷⋡ᇶ࡙ࡃ㸪 ⮬♫ࡢ➇த≧ἣࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿタၥࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢྜࢆồࡵࡓ㸦ᅗ⾲㸵㸧ࠋ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡢഴྥࡀᙉ࠸ᴗࡢྜࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪୍᪉࡛ࣇ࢛࣮࡛ࣟ࣡ࡣ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡢྜࡀ㧗 ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᅗ⾲7㸸ᕷሙୖ࡛ࡢ⮬♫ࡢ⨨࡙ࡅู ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ࣭࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡢྜ 55.4% 38.9% 57.7% 38.5% 45.6% 41.6% 53.7% 38.5% 53.8% 48.6% 0% 50% 100% 䝸䞊䝎䞊 䝣䜷䝻䝽䞊 䝙䝑䝏䝱䞊 䛭䜜௨እ య ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ ᢡ⾺ᆺ ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ ࡲࡓ➇ྜᩘࢆࡶ㞟ィࡍࡿ㸦ᅗ⾲8㸧㸪ྛ㝵ᒙࡶᖹᆒ್ࡢᕪ␗ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪➇ྜᩘࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࡣ ࡇࡇࡽࡣぢࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪➇ྜᩘ0 ♫ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓᕷሙᑓ᭷ࡍࡿᴗ 5 ♫ࡢ࠺ࡕ 3 ♫ࡀ ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻ⋡100%࠸ࡗࡓ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻ≉ᴗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᅗ⾲8㸸➇ྜᩘู ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ࣭࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡢྜ 40.0% 46.4% 47.7% 46.7% 60.0% 47.3% 44.6% 46.7% 0% 50% 100% 㻜♫ 䠍㻙㻝㻜♫ 㻝㻝♫௨ୖ య ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ ᢡ⾺ᆺ ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ ͤẸ◊ㄪᰝࡢᖹᆒ್㸦25.4㸧ࡢ 10 ಸ௨ୖࡢ➇ྜᩘࢆᣢࡘ 9 ♫ࡣᑐ㇟እࡋࡓࠋ 5. ⪃ᐹ ௨ୖࡢ㞟ィ࡛㸪ࣛࢭࣥࢫ࣭ࣥ㸭࢘ࢺࡢྜ࠾࠸࡚ᕪࡀࡁ࠸㞟ィࡣᑡ࡞ࡃࠊࡇࢀࡣゝࡍࢀ ࡤࣥ࢘ࢺࡢ㟂⤥ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀྲྀࢀ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋᴗ⏺ࡈࡢ㞟ィ࡛ࡣ࠸ࡃ ࡘ≉ᚩࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢺᆺࡢྜࡀ㧗࠸ᴗ⏺࡛ࡣ◊✲㛤Ⓨ㞟⣙ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ᴗ✀ࡀከ࠸ࡀࠊ୍᪉ ࡢ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡀ㧗࠸ᴗ✀࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢୖ࠾࠸࡚◊✲㛤Ⓨ㞟⣙ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ᴗࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ ⤖ᯝࡽ㸪ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡢྜࡀ㧗࠸ᴗ✀ࡣࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨ㞟⣙ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ ࠶ࡿࠋ ෆ㒊⎔ቃ࡛ぢࡓሙྜ㸪㈨ᮏ㔠㝵⣭ࡢప࠸ᴗࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡢഴྥࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪⤒Ⴀ㈨※ไ⣙ࡀ࠶ ࡿᴗ࡛ࡣ㸪እ㒊▱㆑ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿഴྥࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚㈨ᮏ㔠㝵⣭ࡀ㧗࠸ᅜෆ≉ チᡤ᭷ᩘࡣከࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀẸ◊ㄪᰝࡢ㞟ィ⤖ᯝ4ࡋ࡚ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ᅜෆ≉チಖ᭷ࡢ ௳ᩘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࣥࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ㛵ࡍࡿഴྥࡢ㐪࠸ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᢏ ⾡ࢧࢡࣝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕ20 ᖺ௨ୖኚࡀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࠖࡢ 6 ࡀ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ኚࡀ 4 ࠕẸ㛫ᴗࡢ◊✲άື㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝሗ࿌ 2018ࠖ⾲ 5-15 ཧ↷㸦P.100㸧ࠋ
ᑡ࡞࠸ᢏ⾡ࢆࣛࢭࣥࢩࣥࢢࡋ࡚┈ࢆ㛗ᮇⓗ☜ಖࡍࡿࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋḟ እ㒊⎔ቃࡶయⓗࡁ࡞ᕪ␗ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪➇ྜᩘ㸮ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ⊂༨ᴗ5 ♫ࡢ࠺ࡕ 3 ♫ࡣ ࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺ≉ࡋࡓᴗ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪௨ୖࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿ㛗ᮇⓗኚࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ➇ྜࡀᑡ࡞࠸ᢏ⾡ศ 㔝࡛࢘ࢺࣂ࢘ࣥࢻᆺࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡿゝ࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ᚋࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪⣔ิ࡛ࡢኚࢆࡳࡿࡇ࡛㸪ẚ⋡ࡢኚࢆㄏⓎࡉࡏࡿእⓗ࡞せᅉ࡞㸪㏣ ຍⓗศᯒࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࠋ 㸦ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸧
[1] H. Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology, Harvard Business School Press 㸦2003㸧
[2] O. Gassmann and E. Enkel, Towards a Theory of Open Innovation: Three Core Process Archetypes, Proceedings of the R&D Management Conference, 6–9 㸦2004㸧
[3] F. Piller, J. West, Firms, Users, and Innovation: an Interactive Model of Coupled Open Innovation. In: H. Chesbrough, W. Vanhaverbeke and J. West, New Frontiers in Open Innovation. Oxford University Press 㸦2014㸧
[4] L. Dahlander and D. M. Gann, How open is innovation? Research Policy 39 㸦6㸧, 699–709 㸦2010㸧 [5] ᚋ⸨, ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ᪥ᮏ⤒῭, ᒾἼ᪂᭩ 㸦2000㸧
