ᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢព⩏࡜ㄢ㢟

(1)

1

⾲⣬࠙ぢᮏ

ᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢព⩏࡜ㄢ㢟

ᖹᡂ㸱㸮ᖺ㸯᭶

᪥ᮏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬

ᆅ⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ

୰ ᒸ ⿱ ❶

(2)

2

(3)

i

せ ᪨

ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡟ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࢆ ᐇ ㊶ ⓗ ࡟ ά ⏝ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ࡛ ࡢ

ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࢆ ᢕ ᥱ ࡋ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ᐇ ᪋ ⪅ ࡟ ど Ⅼ ࢆ ࠶ ࡚ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ᒓ ᛶ ࡸ ᆅ ᇦ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ ほ

Ⅼ ࢆ ࡶ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ᐇ ᪋ ⪅ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡢ ᕪ ␗ ࢆ ศ ᯒ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ព ⩏ ࡜ ㄢ㢟 ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬

඲ ᅜ ࡢ ከ ࡃ ࡢ ⮬ ἞ య ࡣ ᇶ ᖿ ⏘ ᴗ ࡢ ⾶㏥ ࡸ ே ཱྀ ῶ ᑡ 㸪㧗㱋 ໬ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ၥ 㢟 ࡟ ┤ 㠃 ࡋ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ♫ ఍ ࢆ ᣢ ⥆ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ᣺ ⯆ ⟇ ࡀ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ୰ ࡛ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡢ ୍ ᡭ ẁ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᑟ ධ ࡀ ࡍ ࡍ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ᪧ ᮶ ࡢ ᅜ ୺ ᑟ ࡟ ࡼ

ࡿ ⏬ ୍ ⓗ ࡞ ほ ග ᆅ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡸ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡣ 㸪 ከ ࡃ ࡢ ሙ ྜ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ಶ ᛶ ࡸ ⊂ ⮬ ᛶ ࢆ ⏕

ࡳ ฟ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡎ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ព ᛮ ࡀ ༑ ศ ࡟ ཯ ᫎ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡇ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ୺ య ࡢ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࡀ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡑ ࢀ ࡺ ࠼ ࡟ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡀ ឡ ╔ ࡸ ㄂ ࡾ ࢆ ࡶ ࡚ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᆅ ᇦ ࢆ ᙧ ᡂ ࡋ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ 㨩 ຊ ࢆ ఫ Ẹ ࡳ ࡎ ࠿ ࡽ ࡀ ఏ ࠼

ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ஺ ὶ ே ཱྀ ࢆ ቑ ຍ ࡉ ࡏ 㸪 ⤒ ῭ ࡢ ά ᛶ ໬ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ 㸪 ♫ ఍ ࣭ ⤒ ῭ ⓗ ࡞ ほ Ⅼ ࡀ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡟ ࡍ ࡍ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡟ ࠾

࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ྠ ᵝ ࡟ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ୺ య ⓗ ࡞ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࡀ ᙉ ࡃ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪 ఫ Ẹ ࡀ ୺ య ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ 㨩 ຊ ࢆ 㧗 ࡵ ࡚ ά ⏝ ࡋ 㸪 ⤒ ῭ ࡢ ά ᛶ ໬ ࡟ ⤖ ࡧ ࡘ ࡅ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᙧ ࡀ ᶍ ⣴ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡟ ᦠ ࢃ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ಶ ࠎ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪 ά ື ࡟ ᦠ ࢃ ࡿ ⌮ ⏤ ࡸ ᆅ ᇦ ♫ ఍ ࡬ ࡢ ⪃ ࠼ ᪉ 㸪 ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡟ ᕪ ␗ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ࡑ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ 㐪 ࠸ ࡣ 㸪 ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ㄪ ࿴ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ

ࢆ ࡍ ࡍ ࡵ ࡿ ⮬ ἞ య ࡀ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ᡭ ẁ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᑟ ධ ࡍ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᪉ 㔪 ࡸ ᐇ ᪋ ࡢ

࠶ ࡾ ᪉ ࡟ ࡶ ኱ ࡁ ࡃ ᙳ 㡪 ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ά ື ࡟ ᦠ ࢃ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ಶ ࠎ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡢ ᕪ ␗ ࢆ ᢕ ᥱ ࡋ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ≉ ᛶ ࡜ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ᛶ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓ ୖ ࡛ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ព ⩏ ࢆ ၥ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ 㔜せ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬

ᮏ ㄽ ᩥ ࡣ 㸪 ඲ 6 ❶ ࠿ ࡽ ᵓ ᡂ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ➨ Ϩ ❶ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ๓ ㏙ ࡋ ࡓ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ⫼ ᬒ ࢆ ㋃ ࡲ

࠼ 㸪 ◊ ✲ ┠ ⓗ ࢆ ᫂ ♧ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࡜ ࡶ ࡟ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡜ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ◊ ✲

ື ྥ ࡜ ㄢ㢟 ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡢ ഃ 㠃 ࡟ ╔ ┠ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ

࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ◊ ✲ ࡣ 㸪 ୺ せ ࡞ ᩘ ྡ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ⪺ ࡁ ྲྀ ࡾ ㄪ ᰝ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࡟ ᇶ ࡙ ࡁ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮

ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᑟ ධ ᆅ ᇦ ࢆ ᡂ ຌ ஦ ౛ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ⤂ ௓ ࡍ ࡿ ࡟ ࡜ ࡝ ࡲ ࡿ ഴ ྥ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ᣦ ᦬ ࡋ 㸪

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ii

ά ື ࡟ ᦠ ࢃ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡢ ᕪ ␗ ࡟ ╔ ┠ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡢ ព ⩏ ࢆ ᫂ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬

➨ ϩ ❶ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡀ ᪥ ᮏ ᅜ ෆ ࡛ ࡝ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ᬑ ཬ ࡋ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ ࡢ ࠿ ࢆ 㸪

ᩥ ⊩ ㈨ ᩱ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ ᴫ ほ ࡋ 㸪 ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡣ ⮬ ↛ 㑇 ⏘ ᆅ ᇦ ࡛ ᒎ 㛤 ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡀ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ஦ ᴗ ࡢ ᐇ ᪋ ࡜ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ἲ ࡢ ᪋ ⾜ ࢆ ዎ ᶵ

࡟ 㸪 ࡑ ࢀ ࡽ ௨ እ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ࡟ ࡶ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᑟ ධ ࡀ ࡍ ࡍ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ஦ ᴗ ࡜ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ἲ ࡢ ᴫ せ ࢆ ᢕ ᥱ ࡋ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᑟ ධ ࡀ ඲ ᅜ ⓗ ࡟ ࡍ ࡍ

ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪 ≉ ➹ ࡍ ࡭ ࡁ ほ ග ㈨ ※ ࡟ ஈ ࡋ ࠸ ᆅ ᇦ ࡛ ࡶ 㛵 ᚰ ࡀ 㧗 ࡲ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜

ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ୖ ࡛ 㸪 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ᑐ ㇟ ᆅ ᇦ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ᇸ ⋢ ┴ 㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࢆ 㑅 ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡣ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ஦ ᴗ ࡟ 㔛 ᆅ 㔛 ᒣ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ᆅ ༊ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㑅 ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ἲ ࡟ ᇶ ࡙ ࡃ ඲ య ᵓ ᝿ ࡀ 㸪 ඲ ᅜ ࡛ ึ ࡵ ࡚ ᅜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ㄆ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ᆅ ᇦ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ඛ 㥑 ⓗ

஦ ౛ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᤊ ࠼ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ≉ ➹ ࡍ ࡭ ࡁ ほ ග ㈨ ※ ࡢ ࡞ ࠸ ᆅ ᇦ ࡛ ࡶ 㸪

࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡬ ࡢ 㛵 ᚰ ࡀ 㧗 ࡲ ࡿ ୰ ࡛ 㸪 ࡇ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ඛ 㐍 ᆅ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᤊ ࠼ ࡿ ࡇ

࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬 ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ ᕷ ඲ ᇦ ࡀ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᥎ 㐍 ⠊ ᅖ ࡟ ᣦ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪⾜ ᨻ ࡀ ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ࢆ ಁ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ 㸪 ከ ࡃ ࡢ ఫ Ẹ ࡀ ୺ య ⓗ ࡟ ά ື ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡉ ࡽ

࡟ 㸪㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡀ ᮾ ி ኱ 㒔 ᕷ ᅪ 㑹 እ ࡟ ఩ ⨨ ࡋ 㸪ᪧ 㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡜ ᪧ ྡ ᰩ ᮧ ࡢ ྜ ే ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ᕷ ⾤ ᆅ ࡸ ᒣ 㛫㒊 ࡛ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ᒓ ᛶ ࡢ ఫ Ẹ ࡀ ཧ ⏬ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ┠ ⓗ ࢆ 㐩 ᡂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ஦ ౛ ᆅ ᇦ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㐺 ษ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡞ ࠾ 㸪 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ ά

ື ࡟ ᦠ ࢃ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡢ ᕪ ␗ ࢆ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ᒓ ᛶ ࡸ ᆅ ᇦ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࠿ ࡽ ศ ᯒ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡜ ࡣ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ࢆ ẚ ㍑ ᳨ ド ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ 㸪 ࡼ ࡾ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮

ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ࢆ ᫂ ░ ࡟ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪 ẚ ㍑ ᑐ ㇟ ᆅ ᇦ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ⩌ 㤿

┴ ࡳ ࡞ ࠿ ࡳ ⏫ ࢆ 㑅 ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡳ ࡞ ࠿ ࡳ ⏫ ࡣ 㸪㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡜ ྠ ᵝ ࡟ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ἲ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ㄆ ᐃ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ඛ 㐍 ᆅ

࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᤊ ࠼ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬 ୍ ᪉ ࡛ 㸪 ከ ࡃ ࡢ ほ ග ⪅ ࡀ ゼ ࢀ ࡿ ኱ つ ᶍ ࡞ ほ ග ᆅ ࡛

࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᥎ 㐍 ⠊ ᅖ ࢆ ㇂ ᕝ ᓅ ࿘ ㎶ ᆅ ᇦ ࡟ 㝈 ᐃ ࡋ 㸪 ᑓ 㛛 ▱ ㆑ ࡢ 㧗 ࠸ ᒣ ᓅ ࢞ ࢖ ࢻ ࢆ ୰ ᚰ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࢆ ᐇ ㊶ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ Ⅼ ࡀ 㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡜ ␗ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡜ ࡢ ẚ ㍑ ᑐ ㇟ ᆅ ᇦ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㐺 ษ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ

≉ ᛶ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ 㐪 ࠸ ࡸ 㸪 ᥎ 㐍 ᪉ ἲ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ᕪ ␗ ࢆ ᫂ ☜ ࡟ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡓ 㸬

➨ Ϫ ❶ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ᐇ ᪋ ⪅ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡢ ᕪ ␗ ࢆ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ᒓ

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iii

ᛶ ࡸ ᆅ ᇦ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࠿ ࡽ ศ ᯒ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ⓗ ព ⩏ ࡜ ၥ 㢟

Ⅼ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ᮾ 㒊 ࡢ ᕷ ⾤ ᆅ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ୰ ᚰ ၟ ᗑ ⾤ ࡢ ά ຊ ప ୗ ࡸ 㸪

୰ す㒊 ࡢ ᒣ 㛫 ᆅ ᇦ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᯘ ᴗ ࡢ ⾶㏥ ࡟ ࡜ ࡶ ࡞ ࠺ 㧗㱋 ໬ ࡜ ே ཱྀ ῶ ᑡ ࡀ 㐍⾜ ࡍ ࡿ

୰ ࡛ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࢆ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡢ ᡭ ẁ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᑟ ධ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ༠ ㆟ ఍ ࡣ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡀ ୺ య ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ᙧ ែ ࡢ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮

ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡋ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ᐇ ᪋ ⪅ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ࡀ 㛵 ᚰ ࡢ ࠶ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ㈨ ※ ࢆ ᑐ

㇟ ࡟ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࢆ ᐇ ᪋ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ᨭ ᥼ ࡋ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ 㸪 ከ ࡃ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡀ ά ື ࡟ ᦠ ࢃ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪 ⮬ ↛ ࡸ ᩥ ໬ 㸪 Ṕ ྐ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ㌟㏆ ࡞ ᆅ ᇦ ㈨ ※ ࢆ ᑐ ㇟ ࡟ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࢆ ᐇ ᪋ ࡍ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ᮾ ி ኱ 㒔 ᕷ ᅪ 㑹 እ ࡟ ఩ ⨨ ࡍ ࡿ

࣋ ࢵ ࢻ ࢱ ࢘ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡢ ᛶ ᱁ ࡀ ᙉ ࠸ ᕷ ࡢ ᮾ 㒊 ࡟ ᒃ ఫ ࡍ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ᐇ ᪋ ⪅ ࡣ 㸪 ཧ

⏬ ⌮ ⏤ ࡟ ⏕ ࡁ ࡀ ࠸ ࡸ ᴦ ࡋ ࡳ ࢆ ᣲ ࡆ ࡿ ⪅ ࡀ ከ ࡃ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࡟ ฼ ┈ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡞ ࠸ ഴ

ྥ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ୍ ᪉ 㸪 ே ཱྀ ῶ ᑡ ࡜ 㧗㱋 ໬ ࡀ ᛴ ㏿ ࡟ 㐍⾜ ࡍ ࡿ ᕷ ࡢ ୰ す㒊 ࡟ ᒃ ఫ ࡍ ࡿ ᐇ

᪋ ⪅ ࡣ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࡢ ฼ ┈ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ⱝ ⪅ ࡢ ᐃ ╔ ࡞ ࡝ ࢆ ᮇ ᚅ ࡍ ࡿ ഴ ྥ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ 㸪 ᐇ ᪋ ⪅ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡟ ࡣ ᆅ ᇦ ᕪ ࡀ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ⏕ ࡁ ࡀ ࠸ ࡸ ᴦ ࡋ ࡳ ࢆ ồ

ࡵ ࡿ ᐇ ᪋ ⪅ ࡢ ព ྥ ࡀ ኱ ࡁ ࡃ ཯ ᫎ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࡀ ከ ࡃ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ෆ እ ࡢ ஺ ὶ ࡀ ಁ 㐍 ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ 㸪 ≉ ➹ ࡍ ࡭ ࡁ ほ ග ㈨ ※ ࡢ ࡞ ࠸ 㔛 ᆅ 㔛 ᒣ ᆅ ᇦ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ኱ ࡁ

࡞ ព ⩏ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ฼ ┈ ࢆ ᮇ ᚅ ࡍ ࡿ ୍ 㒊 ࡢ ᐇ ᪋ ⪅ ࡢ ᪉ ྥ ᛶ ࡟ ࡣ ࡑ ࡄ

ࢃ ࡞ ࠸ ࡶ ࡢ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡶ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬

➨ ϫ ❶ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡜ ࡢ ẚ ㍑ ᳨ ド ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡓ ࡵ ࡟ 㸪 ࡳ ࡞ ࠿ ࡳ ⏫ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ

࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ≉ ᛶ ࡸ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᑟ ධ 㐣 ⛬ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ

࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᥎ 㐍 ⠊ ᅖ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ᐇ ᪋ ⪅ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡟ ὀ ┠ ࡋ ࡚ ศ ᯒ ࡋ 㸪 ྠ ⏫ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ⓗ ព ⩏ ࡜ ㄢ㢟 ࢆ ⪃ ᐹ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡳ

࡞ ࠿ ࡳ ⏫ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ほ ග ᴗ ࡢ ⾶㏥ ࡟ క ࠺ ᐟ Ἡ ᐈ ࡢ ῶ ᑡ 㸪㇂ ᕝ ᓅ ฼ ⏝ ࡢ 㞟 ୰ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ⎔ ቃ ࡬ ࡢ ᝏ ᙳ 㡪 ࡀ ၥ 㢟ど ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ୰ ࡛ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࢆ ᑟ ධ ࡋ 㸪㇂ ᕝ ᓅ ࿘ ㎶ ᆅ ᇦ ࡛ ά ື ࢆ ᒎ 㛤 ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ 㸪 ࡳ ࡞ ࠿ ࡳ ᒣ ᓅ ࢞ ࢖ ࢻ ༠ ఍ ࡢ ᒣ ᓅ ࢞ ࢖ ࢻ ࡜ 㸪㟁 Ẽ ࣂ ࢫ ஦ ᴗ ࡢ ࣂ ࢫ ࢞ ࢖ ࢻ ࡀ ୰ ᚰ ࡜ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪 Ⓩ ᒣ ⪅ ࡸ ࢺ ࣞ ࢵ ࢟ ࣥ ࢢ ᐈ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ฼ ⏝ ࡀ 㞟 ୰ ࡍ ࡿ ㇂ ᕝ ᓅ ࿘ ㎶ ᆅ ᇦ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ⮬ ↛ ⎔ ቃ ࡸ ࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ࠿ ࠿ ࢃ ࡿ Ṕ ྐ 㸪 ᩥ ໬ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ゎㄝ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ⎔ ቃ ࡬ ࡢ ⌮ ゎ ࢆ ῝ ࡵ ࡿ ά ື ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ホ ౯ ࡛ ࡁ 㸪 ά ື ࢆ ⥅ ⥆ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ 㸪㇂ ᕝ ᓅ ࿘ ㎶ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ⎔ ቃ ಖ ඲ ࡟ ࡶ ᐤ ୚ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜

࡟ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ᐇ ᪋ ⪅ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ᆅ ᇦ ⎔ ቃ ࡬ ࡢ ⌮ ゎ ࡸ

(6)

iv

ᆅ ᇦ ෆ እ ࡢ ஺ ὶ ࢆ ಁ 㐍 ࡋ ࡓ ࠸ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡿ ⪅ ࡣ 㸪 ⌧ ⾜ ࡢ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࡣ 㐩 ᡂ ᗘ ࡀ 㧗 ࠸ ࡜

⪃ ࠼ ࡿ ഴ ྥ ࡟ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬୍ ᪉ 㸪⎔ ቃ ಖ ඲ ㈝ ⏝ ࡢ ᤬ ฟ ࡸ ほ ග ᴗ ࡢ ෌ ⯆ ࢆ ᚿ ྥ ࡍ ࡿ ⪅ ࡣ 㸪

⌧ ⾜ ࡢ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㐩 ᡂ ᗘ ࡀ ప ࠸ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡿ ྥ ࡁ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ⌧ ⾜ ࡢ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࡣ ฼ ┈ ࡟ ஈ ࡋ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࡶ ࠶ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ⏫ ࡢ Ἠ ᪑ 㤋 ࡸ ࣍ ࢸ ࣝ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ᐟ Ἡ ᴗ ࡟ ᚑ ஦ ࡍ

ࡿ ⪅ ࡢ 㛵 ᚰ ࡀ ⷧ ࡃ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࡀ ほ ග ᴗ ࡢ ෌ ⯆ ࡟ ⤖ ࡧ ࡘ ࠿ ࡞ ࠸

࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ⌧ ≧ ࡟ ၥ 㢟 ࢆ ᢪ ࠼ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࢃ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬

➨ Ϭ ❶ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ➨ Ϫ ❶ ࡢ 㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡢ ஦ ౛ ศ ᯒ ࢆ ᇶ ࡟ 㸪 ➨ ϫ ❶ ࡢ ࡳ ࡞ ࠿ ࡳ ⏫ ࡜ ࡢ ẚ

㍑ ศ ᯒ ࢆ ㏻ ࡌ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡀ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡟ ᯝ ࡓ ࡍ ᙺ ๭ ࢆ ⪃ ᐹ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ

࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᥎ 㐍 ⠊ ᅖ ࡀ ᗈ ⠊ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ከ ࡃ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡀ ά ື ࡟ ཧ ⏬ ࡍ ࡿ 㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࡢ ✀ 㢮 ࡣ ከ ࡃ 㸪 ࢥ ࣮ ࢫ ࡸ ᐇ ᪋ ሙ ᡤ ࡶ ከ ᵝ ࡜ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪 ཧ ຍ ⪅ ࡢ ෌ ᮶ ゼ ⋡ ࡶ 㧗 ࡃ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ୍ ᪉ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᥎ 㐍 ⠊ ᅖ ࡀ 㝈 ᐃ ⓗ ࡛ 㸪 ᒣ ᓅ ࢞

࢖ ࢻ ࡀ ୰ ᚰ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ά ື ࡍ ࡿ ࡳ ࡞ ࠿ ࡳ ⏫ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࡢ ✀ 㢮 ࡣ Ⓩ ᒣ ࡸ ࢺ ࣞ

ࢵ ࢟ ࣥ ࢢ ࡟ ≉ ໬ ࡋ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡜ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪 ✀ 㢮 ࡶ ᑡ ࡞ ࡃ 㸪 ࢥ ࣮ ࢫ ࡸ ᐇ ᪋ ሙ ᡤ ࡶ 㝈 ᐃ ⓗ ࡜

࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ཧ ຍ ⪅ ࡢ ࣜ ࣆ ࣮ ࢱ ࣮ ࡢ ๭ ྜ ࡀ ᴟ ➃ ࡟ ప ࡃ 㸪 ᪂ つ ᐈ ࡀ ኱ ༙ ࢆ ༨ ࡵ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ 㸪2 ࡘ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ

࡟ ࡣ ᆅ ᇦ ᕪ ࡀ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ 㸪 ࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ࡣ ᆅ ᇦ ≉ ᛶ ࡸ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᥎ 㐍 ⠊ ᅖ ࡢ 㐪 ࠸ ࡀ ኱ ࡁ ࡃ ᙳ 㡪 ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࡣ ୺ ࡟ 㒔 ᕷ 㒊 ࡟ ᒃ ఫ ࡍ ࡿ ⪅ ࢆ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᆅ ᇦ ⎔ ቃ ࡬ ࡢ ⌮ ゎ ࢆ ῝ ࡵ ࡿ ά ື ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ホ ౯ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ෆ እ ࡢ ஺ ὶ ࡢ ಁ 㐍 ࢆ ࡶ ᑡ ࡞ ࠿ ࡽ ࡎ ಁ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪 ఫ Ẹ ࡀ ᆅ ᇦ ♫ ఍ ࡬ ࡢ ឡ ╔ ࡸ ㄂ ࡾ ࢆ ࡶ ࡚ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺

࡟ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡟ ࡶ ୍ ᐃ ࡢ ຠ ᯝ ࡀ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ 㸪 ୧ ⮬ ἞ య ࡢ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔

࣮ ᐇ ᪋ ⪅ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡟ ࡣ ᕪ ␗ ࡀ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ 㸪 ࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ࡣ ᒃ ఫ ࡍ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ♫ ఍

࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ⪃ ࠼ ᪉ ࡢ 㐪 ࠸ ࡀ ኱ ࡁ ࡃ ཯ ᫎ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ୺ య ᛶ ࡀ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ

࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࠿ ࡽ ࡣ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡟ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡴ ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࢆ Ᏻ ᫆ ࡟ ୍

⩌ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᤊ ࠼ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᣦ ᦬ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬 ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ά ື ࡟ ᦠ ࢃ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ࡢ ௙ ᪉ ࡜ ព ㆑ ࢆ ༑ ศ ࡟ ᢕ ᥱ ࡋ ࡓ ୖ ࡛ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ព ⩏ ࡸ ᪉ 㔪 ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬

(7)

v

┠ ḟ

➨Ϩ❶ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬1 1. ◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬1 2. ᪤Ꮡ◊✲࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬2 3. ◊✲┠ⓗ࡜᪉ἲ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬5

➨ϩ❶ ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᒎ㛤㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬7 1. ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᬑཬ㐣⛬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬7 2. ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࣔࢹࣝ஦ᴗࡢᴫせ࡜ࣔࢹࣝᆅ༊㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬9 3. ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒᥎㐍ἲࡢᴫせ࡜ㄆᐃᆅ༊㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬11 4. ◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦࡢ㑅ᐃ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬13

➨Ϫ❶ ᇸ⋢┴㣤⬟ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢព⩏࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬15 1. 㣤⬟ᕷࡢᴫせ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬16 2. ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᑟධ㐣⛬࡜࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ࡢᒎ㛤㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬19 (1) ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᑟධ㐣⛬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬19 (2) ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ࡢ௻⏬࠾ࡼࡧᐇ᪋㐣⛬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬20 (3) ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡜ᐇ᪋ᙧែ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬22 (4) ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ᐇ᪋ᩘ࠾ࡼࡧཧຍ⪅ᩘࡢ᥎⛣㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬25 (5) ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ཧຍ⪅ࡢ≉ᚩ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬27 (6) ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ᩱ㔠ࡢタᐃ࡜᥎⛣㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬30 3. ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ᐇ᪋⪅ࡢᒃఫᆅᇦ࣭ᒓᛶ࡜ཧ⏬ព㆑㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬31 (1) ⿕ㄪᰝ⪅ࡢᒓᛶ࡜άືᐇែ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬32 1) ᖺ㱋࡜⫋ᴗ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬32 2) άືᆅ༊㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬32 3) ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ࡢෆᐜ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬34 (2) ཧ⏬ព㆑ࡢᆅᇦᕪ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬35 1) ᮾ㒊ᆅᇦ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬35 2) ୰す㒊ᆅᇦ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬36 4. 㣤⬟ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᆅᇦⓗព⩏࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬37

➨ϫ❶ ⩌㤿┴ࡳ࡞࠿ࡳ⏫࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬40 1. ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦࡢᴫせ࡜࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᑟධ㐣⛬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬41 (1) ࡳ࡞࠿ࡳ⏫ࡢᴫせ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬41 (2) ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᑟධ㐣⛬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬44 (3) ㇂ᕝᓅ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒᥎㐍༠㆟఍ࡢᴫせ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬46 2. ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒࡟㛵ࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡜࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ཧຍ⪅ࡢ≉ᚩ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬48 (1) ࡳ࡞࠿ࡳᒣᓅ࢞࢖ࢻ༠఍࡟ࡼࡿ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ࡢᒎ㛤㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬48 (2) 㟁Ẽࣂࢫ஦ᴗ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬51

(8)

vi

(3) ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ཧຍ⪅ࡢ≉ᚩ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬54 3. ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ᐇ᪋⪅ࡢᒓᛶ࡜ཧ⏬ព㆑㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬58 (1) ⿕ㄪᰝ⪅ࡢᒓᛶ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬59 (2) ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ᐇ᪋⪅ࡢཧ⏬ព㆑㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬60 1) ࠕ⎔ቃಖ඲࣭ᆅᇦ᣺⯆࡜ࡶ࡟༑ศࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ᐇ᪋⪅㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬60 2) ࠕ⎔ቃಖ඲࡟ࡣ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᆅᇦ᣺⯆࡟ࡣ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ

࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ᐇ᪋⪅㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬61 3) ࠕ⎔ቃಖ඲࣭ᆅᇦ᣺⯆࡜ࡶ࡟୙༑ศࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ᐇ᪋⪅㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬62 4. ࡳ࡞࠿ࡳ⏫࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᆅᇦⓗព⩏࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬63

➨Ϭ❶ ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡀᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟ᯝࡓࡍᙺ๭㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬66 1. ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ᑟධࡢ⫼ᬒ࡜࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ࡢ≉ᚩ࡟ࡳࡿᆅᇦᛶ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬66 2. ᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᯝࡓࡍᙺ๭㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬68

➨ϭ❶ ࡲ࡜ࡵ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬70 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬75 ㅰ㎡

(9)

vii

ᅗ┠ḟ

ᅗϩ㸫1 ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒᥎㐍⤌⧊ᩘࡢ᥎⛣㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬8 ᅗϩ㸫2 ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࣔࢹࣝ஦ᴗ࡟ᆅ༊ᣦᐃࢆཷࡅࡓ13ᆅ༊㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬10 ᅗϩ㸫3 ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒᥎㐍ἲ࡟ࡼࡿㄆᐃᆅᇦ(2017ᖺ⌧ᅾ)㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬12 ᅗϪ㸫1 㣤⬟ᕷࡢᴫせ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬16 ᅗϪ㸫2 㣤⬟ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⥲ேཱྀ࡜ᆅ༊ูேཱྀࡢ᥎⛣㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬17 ᅗϪ㸫3 ᆅ༊ูࡢேཱྀῶᑡ⋡(2000-2015ᖺ)࡜㧗㱋໬⋡(2015ᖺ)ࡢ㛵ಀ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬18 ᅗϪ㸫4 㣤⬟ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢶ࢔࣮ࡢ௻⏬࣭ᐇ᪋㐣⛬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬21 ᅗϪ㸫5 㣤⬟ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ࡢᐇ᪋ᙧែ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬25 ᅗϪ㸫6 㣤⬟ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ᩘ࡜࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ཧຍ⪅ᩘࡢ᥎⛣㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬26 ᅗϪ㸫7 ᆅ༊ูࡢࢶ࢔࣮ᐇ᪋ᩘ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬27 ᅗϪ㸫8 ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ཧຍ⪅ࡢཧຍᅇᩘ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬28 ᅗϪ㸫9 ᒃఫᆅู࡟ࡳࡿࢶ࢔࣮ཧຍ⪅ᩘࡢ᥎⛣㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬29 ᅗϪ㸫10 㣤⬟ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢶ࢔࣮ཧຍᩱ㔠ࡢ᥎⛣㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬31 ᅗϫ㸫1 ࡳ࡞࠿ࡳ⏫ࡢᴫせ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬41 ᅗϫ㸫2 ࡳ࡞࠿ࡳ⏫࡟࠾ࡅࡿほගධ㎸ᐈᩘࡢ᥎⛣㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬42 ᅗϫ㸫3 ᆅ༊ูேཱྀࡢ᥎⛣㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬43 ᅗϫ㸫4 ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒᥎㐍⠊ᅖ࡜୺࡞ほග㈨※㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬45 ᅗϫ̿5 ࢞࢖ࢻ༠఍ࡀᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࢶ࢔࣮ࡢ࣮ࣝࢺ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬49 ᅗϫ㸫6 ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ཧຍ⪅ࡢ᥎⛣㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬50 ᅗϫ㸫7 㟁Ẽࣂࢫࡢ࣮ࣝࢺ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬52 ᅗϫ㸫8 ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ཧຍ⪅ࡢᖺ㱋㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬54 ᅗϫ㸫9 ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ཧຍ⪅ࡢᒃఫᆅ(ᐟἩᐈ࣭᪥ᖐࡾᐈู)㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬55 ᅗϫ㸫10 ㇂ᕝᓅࡢ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮࡬ࡢཧຍᅇᩘ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬56 ᅗϫ㸫11 ࡳ࡞࠿ࡳ⏫࡬ࡢ᮶ゼ⤒㦂㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬57 ᅗϫ㸫12 ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮࡬ࡢཧຍ⌮⏤㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬57

(10)

viii

⾲┠ḟ

⾲ϩ㸫1 ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒᥎㐍ἲ࡟ࡼࡿㄆᐃ⮬἞య࡜ㄆᐃᖺ᭶᪥㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬

12

⾲Ϫ㸫1 ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ཧຍ⪅ࡢᒓᛶ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬28

⾲Ϫ㸫2 㣤⬟ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ᐇ᪋⪅ࡢᒓᛶ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬33

⾲Ϫ㸫3 ᆅ༊ู࡟ࡳࡿᐇ᪋ࢶ࢔࣮ࡢෆᐜ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬34

⾲ϫ㸫1 ඲యᵓ᝿ㄆᐃࡲ࡛ࡢ୺࡞⤒⦋㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬44

⾲ϫ㸫2 ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ࡢཧຍᩱ㔠࡜ᡤせ᫬㛫࠾ࡼࡧᐇ᪋ᅇᩘ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬49

⾲ϫ㸫3 ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮ᐇ᪋⪅ࡢᒓᛶ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬

58

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ix

෗┿┠ḟ

෗┿Ϫ㸫1 ࠕ⮬↛ࠖᆺࡢ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬23

෗┿Ϫ㸫2 ࠕ⏕άᩥ໬ࠖᆺࡢ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬23

෗┿Ϫ㸫3 ࠕṔྐ࣭ఏ⤫ᩥ໬ࠖᆺࡢ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬24

෗┿Ϫ㸫4 ࠕఏ⤫⏘ᴗࠖᆺࡢ࢚ࢥࢶ࢔࣮㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬24

෗┿ϫ㸫1 ᮶ゼ⪅ྥࡅࡢ᱌ෆᯈ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬

47

෗┿ϫ㸫2 ᮶ゼ⪅ྥࡅࡢ࣋ࣥࢳ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬

47

෗┿ϫ㸫3 ㇂ᕝᓅᒣᓅ㈨ᩱ㤋㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬

50

෗┿ϫ㸫4 ୍ࣀ಴ἑฟྜ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬51

෗┿ϫ㸫5 㟁Ẽࣂࢫ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬53

෗┿ϫ㸫6 㟁Ẽࣂࢫ㌴ෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢞࢖ࢻࡢゎㄝ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬

53

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1

➨ Ϩ ❶ ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡟

1.

◊ ✲ ࡢ ⫼ ᬒ

1980

ᖺ ௦ ௨ 㝆㸪 ࣐ ࢫ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ♫ ఍ ࡸ ⮬ ↛ ⎔ ቃ ࡬ ࡢ ᝏ ᙳ 㡪 ࡀ ၥ 㢟ど ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ୰ ࡛ 㸪 ᪂ ࡓ ࡞ ほ ග ࡢ ࠶ ࡾ ᪉

Alternative tourism

ࡀ ᥦ ၐ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ

(ࣂ ࣮ ࣞ ࣥ ࣭ ࢘ ࢕ ࣜ ࢔ ࣒ ⦅ 1996)

㸬 ≉ ࡟ 㸪 ୡ ⏺ ⓗ ࡞ ⎔ ቃ ಖ ඲ ࡬ ࡢ ព ㆑ ࡢ 㧗 ࡲ ࡾ ࡶ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪ほ ග ࡢ ᣢ ⥆ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ㆟ ㄽ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪ࡑ ࡢ ᐇ ⌧ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ ୍ ᙧ ែ ࡜ ࡋ

࡚ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡀ ㄌ ⏕ ࡋ ࡓ

(ᩜ ⏣ 2011)㸬 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᐃ ⩏ ࡸ ⌮ ᛕ ࡟

ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ᵝ ࠎ ࡞ ぢゎ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡢ

(ࣇ ࣥ ࢡ 2002㸹

ࣇ ࣥ ࢡ ࣭ ῦ 㔝

2002)㸪 ┠

ⓗ ࡀ ⎔ ቃ ಖ ඲ ࡜ ⤒ ῭ Ⓨ ᒎ ࡢ ୧ ❧ ࡟ ࠶ ࡿ Ⅼ ࡣ ඹ ㏻ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ

(Tran and Noma 2012)

㸬 The International Ecotourism Society (2015)࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮

ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࢆ 㸪⮬ ↛ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ⎔ ቃ ࢆ ಖ ඲ ࡋ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ᖾ ⚟ ࢆ ྥ ୖ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ㈐ ௵ ࡢ ࠶

ࡿ ほ ග ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ⎔ ቃ ࡜ ᩥ ໬ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ⌮ ゎ ࢆ ῝ ࡵ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᐃ ⩏ ࡋ

࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ᪥ ᮏ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪

1980

ᖺ ௦ ᚋ ༙ ௨ 㝆㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡣ ձ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ⮬ ↛ ࣭

ᩥ ໬ ㈨ ※ ࢆ ಖ ㆤ ࣭ ಖ ඲ ࡋ 㸪 ղ ᆅ ᇦ ᅛ ᭷ ࡢ ㈨ ※ ࢆ ⏕ ࠿ ࡋ ࡓ ほ ග ࢆ ᡂ ❧ ࡉ ࡏ ࡚ 㸪 ճ ᆅ ᇦ ⤒ ῭ ࡢ ά ᛶ ໬ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ

(࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ༠ ㆟ ఍ 1999㸸24)ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ

ᡭ ἲ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ఩ ⨨ ࡙ ࡅ ࡽ ࢀ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ⎔ ቃ ࡢ ಖ ඲ ࡜ ᆅ ᇦ ㈨ ※ ࡢ ᣢ ⥆ ⓗ ࡞ ά ⏝ ࡀ ᶍ ⣴ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ

(┿ ᯈ 2001)㸬2000

ᖺ ௦ ࡟ ධ ࡿ ࡜ 㸪≉ ➹ ࡍ ࡭ ࡁ ほ ග ㈨ ※ ࡢ ࡞ ࠸ ᆅ ᇦ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪㇏ ࠿ ࡞ ⮬ ↛ ࡸ ࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ࠿ ࠿ ࢃ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ᩥ ໬ ࢆ ά ⏝ ࡍ ࢀ ࡤ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮

ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡣ ᡂ ❧ ࡋ 㸪ᚓ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ฼ ┈ ࢆ ᆅ ᇦ ࡟ 㑏 ඖ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࢆ ᥎ 㐍 ࡍ

ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ྍ ⬟ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ

(ᑎ ᓮ ࣭ ᒾ ᇛ 2004)

㸬㏆ ᖺ 㸪 ⎔ ቃ ┬ ࢆ ୰ ᚰ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ᅜ ୺ ᑟ ࡢ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ࡀ ά Ⓨ ໬ ࡋ 㸪᪥ ᮏ ྛ ᆅ ࡛ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡢ ᡭ ἲ ࡜ ࡋ

࡚ ᑟ ධ ࡀ ࡍ ࡍ ࢇ ࡛ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᑟ ධ ࡟ ࡣ ᆅ ᇦ ♫ ఍ ࡢ ഃ ࡟ ࡶ ⌮ ⏤ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬඲ ᅜ ࡢ ከ ࡃ ࡢ ⮬

἞ య ࡣ ᇶ ᖿ ⏘ ᴗ ࡢ ⾶㏥ ࡸ ே ཱྀ ῶ ᑡ 㸪㧗㱋 ໬ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ၥ 㢟 ࡟ ┤ 㠃 ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ♫ ఍ ࢆ ᣢ ⥆ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ᣺ ⯆ ⟇ ࡀ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ᅜ ୺ ᑟ

࡟ ࡼ ࡿ බ ඹ ஦ ᴗ ࡸ ᕤ ሙ ㄏ ⮴ 㸪ࣜ ࢰ ࣮ ࢺ ᪋ タ ᘓ タ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ࣁ ࣮ ࢻ 㠃 ࡢ 㛤 Ⓨ ஦ ᴗ

ࡣ 㸪ᚲ ࡎ ࡋ ࡶ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ᐇ ᝟ ࡟ ἢ ࠺ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ 㸪ᒃ ఫ ⎔ ቃ ࡢ ᝏ ໬ ࡸ ⏕ ά ࡢ ㉁ ࡢ

(13)

2

ప ୗ ࢆ ᣍ ࡁ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ࢔ ࢖ ࢹ ࣥ ࢸ ࢕ ࢸ ࢕ ࢆ ႙ ኻ ࡉ ࡏ ࡓ ஦ ౛ ࡶ ከ ࠸

(୰ ⸨ 2002)

㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ၥ 㢟 ࡟ ┤ 㠃 ࡍ ࡿ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ព ᛮ ࢆ ⾜ ᨻ ࡟ ཯ ᫎ ࡉ ࡏ 㸪 ⎔ ቃ ࡢ ಖ ඲ ࡜ ⤒ ῭ ࡢ ά ᛶ ໬ ࡟ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡴ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ 㸪ᣢ ⥆ ྍ ⬟ ࡞ ᆅ ᇦ ♫ ఍ ࡢ ๰ ฟ ࢆ ᐇ

⌧ ࡍ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡢ ࠶ ࡾ ᪉ ࡀ ᶍ ⣴ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ

(▼ ཎ ࣭ す ᮧ ⦅ 2010)

㸬 ௚ ᪉ 㸪 ᅜ ࡸ ⮬ ἞ య ࡢ ㈈ ᨻ 㞴 ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ 㸪ࣁ ࣮ ࢻ 㠃 ࡢ 㛤 Ⓨ ஦ ᴗ ࢆ ୰ ᚰ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡣ

⥅ ⥆ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᅔ 㞴 ࡟ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪᪤ Ꮡ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ㈨ ※ ࢆ ά ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ ࢯ ࣇ ࢺ 㠃 ࡢ 㛤 Ⓨ ஦ ᴗ

࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡀ ᛴ ົ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ

(∦ ᰗ࣭ᑠ ᯇ ⦅ 2013)㸬ࡇ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ ୰ ࡛ 㸪

ࢯ ࣇ ࢺ 㠃 ࡢ 㛤 Ⓨ ஦ ᴗ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ཧ ධ ࡀ ྍ ⬟ ࡛ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ᅛ ᭷ ࡢ ㈨ ※ ࢆ ಖ ඲ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ά

⏝ ࡋ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ⤒ ῭ ࡢ ά ᛶ ໬ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡬ ࡢ 㛵 ᚰ ࡀ 㧗 ࡲ ࡗ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ

(ྂ ᮧ 2011)

㸪 ከ ࡃ ࡢ ⮬ ἞ య ࡛ ࡣ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡢ ୍ ᡭ ẁ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒

ࢆ ᑟ ධ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ഃ 㠃 ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ

(ᒣ ⏣ 2008)㸬

ᪧ ᮶ ࡢ ᅜ ୺ ᑟ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ⏬ ୍ ⓗ ࡞ ほ ග ᆅ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡸ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡣ 㸪ከ ࡃ ࡢ ሙ ྜ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ಶ ᛶ ࡸ ⊂ ⮬ ᛶ ࢆ ⏕ ࡳ ฟ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡎ

(బ ࠎ ᮌ 2008㸸27)㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ព ᛮ

ࡀ ༑ ศ ࡟ ཯ ᫎ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡇ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ୺ య ࡢ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࡀ ồ ࡵ ࡽ

ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ

(㧗 ᶫ 2017)

㸬 ᥮ ゝ ࡍ ࢀ ࡤ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡟ ࡣ ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡀ ឡ ╔ ࡸ ㄂ ࡾ

ࢆ ࡶ ࡚ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᆅ ᇦ ࢆ ᙧ ᡂ ࡋ

(๓ ⏣ 2008)

㸪 ࡑ ࡢ 㨩 ຊ ࢆ ఫ Ẹ ࡳ ࡎ ࠿ ࡽ ࡀ ఏ ࠼

ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ஺ ὶ ே ཱྀ ࢆ ቑ ຍ ࡉ ࡏ 㸪 ⤒ ῭ ࡢ ά ᛶ ໬ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺

(す ᮧ 2009)㸪

♫ ఍࣭⤒ ῭ ⓗ ࡞ ほ Ⅼ ࡀ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ྠ ᵝ ࡟ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡟ ࡍ ࡍ ࡵ ࡽ

ࢀ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ୺ య ⓗ ࡞ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࡀ ᙉ ࡃ ồ ࡵ ࡽ

ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ

(࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ༠ ㆟ ఍ 1999)

㸪 ఫ Ẹ ࡀ ୺ య ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ 㨩 ຊ ࢆ 㧗 ࡵ ࡚ ά ⏝ ࡋ 㸪⤒ ῭ ࡢ ά ᛶ ໬ ࡟ ⤖ ࡧ ࡘ ࡅ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᙧ ࡀ ᶍ ⣴ ࡉ

ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ

(┿ ᯈ ࡯ ࠿ ⦅ 2011㸸48-52)㸬

2.

᪤ Ꮡ ◊ ✲ ࡜ ၥ 㢟 Ⅼ

࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ◊ ✲ ࡣ 㸪⮬ ↛ ⎔ ቃ ࡸ ⏕ ែ ⣔ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ᆅ ᇦ ⎔ ቃ ࢆ ಖ

඲ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ά ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ࣐ ࢿ ࢪ ࣓ ࣥ ࢺ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ◊ ✲ ࡀ ୰ ᚰ ࡟ ⾜ ࢃ

ࢀ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ

(ࡓ ࡜ ࠼ ࡤ 㸪ᩜ ⏣ ࡯ ࠿ 2001;

ᩜ ⏣࣭᳃ 㔜

2003a;

ᩜ ⏣࣭᳃ 㔜

2003b;

ཎ ⏣

2005;

Ṋ ࣭ ᩪ ⸨

2011; Tanaka et al. 2011; Long 2011;

ୗ ᓥ ࣭ ୰ 㷂

2012)

㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ఫ Ẹ ୺ య ࡢ 㔜せ ᛶ ࡸ ఫ Ẹ ⏕ ά ࡬ ࡢ 㓄 ៖ 㸪ほ ග ⪅

(14)

3

ཷ ࡅ ධ ࢀ ࡢ ࢟ ࣕ ࣃ ࢩ ࢸ ࢕ ࡢ ᢕ ᥱ 㸪⮬ ↛ ⎔ ቃ ࡢ ᣢ ⥆ ⓗ ࡞ ά ⏝ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ௙ ⤌ ࡳ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡞ ࡝ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡟ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ᮲ ௳ ࡀ ᥦ ၐ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ 㸬ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ 㸪ࡇ

࠺ ࡋ ࡓ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ከ ࡃ ࡣ ⌮ ᝿ ⓗ ࡞ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ࠶ ࡾ ᪉ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶

ࡾ 㸪 ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ᮲ ௳ ࢆ 㸪 ࡝ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ᐇ ㊶ ࡍ ࡿ ࡢ ࠿ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡢ ゝ ཬ ࡟ ஈ ࡋ ࠸ 㸬

ࡑ ࢀ ࡽ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡢ ഃ 㠃 ࡟ ╔ ┠ ࡋ ࡓ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪᪥ ᮏ ࡛ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࢆ ᑟ ධ ࡋ ࡓ ඛ 㐍 ᆅ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᐇ ㊶ ⓗ ࡞ ◊ ✲ ࡀ ⵳ ✚ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ 㸬ᾏ ὠ࣭┿ ᯈ

(2001)

࡛ ࡣ 㸪す⾲ ᓥ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ Ⓨ ᒎ ࣉ ࣟ ࢭ ࢫ ࢆ Ṕ ྐ ⓗ ࡟ ᩚ ⌮ ࡋ 㸪ಖ ඲ ࡜ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡢ ୧ ❧ ࡀ ┠ ᣦ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ୰ ࡛ 㸪ᓥ ࡢ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ༠ ఍ ࡜ ᓥ Ẹ ࡀ

୍ య ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡴ ⮬ ᚊ ⓗ ࡞ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ 㐠 ື ࡬ ࡜ 㧗 ࡲ ࡾ ࡘ ࡘ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ሗ ࿌ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ┿ ᯈ ࡯ ࠿

(2010㸸67-84)࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ༡ ኱ ᮾ ᓥ ࢆ ྲྀ ࡾ ୖ ࡆ 㸪

ᓥ Ẹ ࡀ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ 㨩 ຊ ࢆ ⮬ ࡽ ෌ ㄆ ㆑ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ㄂ ࡾ ࡸ ⮬ ಙ ࢆ ྲྀ ࡾ ᡠ ࡋ 㸪ࡇ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᑠ つ ᶍ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ほ ග ⏘ ᴗ ࡢ ๰ ฟ ࡟ ⧅ ࡀ ࡾ 㸪ᓥ Ẹ ⥲ ࢞ ࢖ ࢻ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ≧ ែ ࡀ ᐇ ⌧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡘ ࡘ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ㏙ ࡭ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬୍ ᪉ 㸪す⾲ ᓥ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㧗 ᶫ

(2005)ࡣ 㸪⮬ ↛

ಖ ㆤ ࡜ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡢ ᑐ ❧ ᵓ 㐀 ࡸ 㸪ᆅ ඖ Ẹ ࡜ ࡼ ࡑ ⪅ ࡜ ࡢ ㌵㎚ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ Ṕ ྐ ࢆ ◊

✲ ື ྥ ࠿ ࡽ ᴫ ほ ࡋ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᑟ ධ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ࣉ ࣟ ࢪ ࢙ ࢡ ࢺ 㛵 ಀ ⪅ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ

⎔ ቃ ᗇ㸦 ⌧ ࣭ ⎔ ቃ ┬ 㸧ࡸ ◊ ✲ ⪅ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢࠕ ࡼ ࡑ ⪅ ࠖࡀ ᓥ ࢆ 㞳 ࢀ ࡓ ᚋ 㸪ᓥ ࡢ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ༠ ఍ ࡬ ࡢ ఫ Ẹ ཧ ຍ ࡣ ᐃ ╔ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡽ ࡎ 㸪ከ ࡃ ࡢ ᓥ Ẹ ࡣ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ

࣒ ࡟ ↓ 㛵 ᚰ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪୙ ಙ ឤ ࢆ ᢪ ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ᣦ ᦬ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡲ ࡓ 㸪༡ ኱ ᮾ ᓥ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ྂ ᮧ

(2006)࡛ ࡣ 㸪ᅜ ࡸ ◊ ✲ ⪅ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ እ 㒊 ࡢ ே 㛫 ࡢ ⪃ ࠼ ᪉ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ

࡚ ᑟ ධ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ⏕ ែ ⣔ ࡢ ಖ ㆤ ࢆ ᙉ ㄪ ࡍ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡀ 㸪ఫ ⎔ ቃ ࡸ ⏕ ά ࡢ ฼

౽ ᛶ ࡢ ᨵ ၿ ࢆ ᮃ ࡴ ከ ࡃ ࡢ ᓥ Ẹ ࡢ ⪃ ࠼ ᪉ ࡟ ᇶ ࡙ ࠸ ࡚ ࠾ ࡽ ࡎ 㸪⮬ ↛ ಖ ㆤ ࡟ 㔜 Ⅼ ࢆ

࠾ ࡃ ఫ Ẹ ௨ እ ࡣ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡟ ↓ 㛵 ᚰ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ

ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ 㸪୍ ぢ ࡋ ࡚ ᡂ ຌ ࡟ ࡳ ࠼ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪ᐇ ᪋ ࡢ ෆ ᐜ ࡀ ᆅ ඖ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ⪃ ࠼ ࡜ ஋ 㞳 ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ሙ ྜ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ୺ య ⓗ ࡞ ཧ ⏬ ࡣ ᮃ

ࡵ ࡞ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ♧ ၀ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

୍ ᪉ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ά ື ࡟ ᦠ ࢃ ࡿ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ព ㆑ ࡟ ╔ ┠ ࡋ ࡓ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ụ ୰

(2008)ࡀ ዉ Ⰻ ┴ ኱ ࿴ ᖹ 㔝 ᆅ ᇦ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ⎔ ቃ ಖ ඲ ά ື ࢆ ྲྀ ࡾ ୖ ࡆ 㸪ᕷ ⾤ ᆅ

ࡸ ㎰ ᮧ 㒊㸪ᒣ ᮧ 㒊 ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ᆅ ᇦ ≉ ᛶ ࡀ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ࡜ 㸪ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ఫ Ẹ ព ㆑

࡟ 㐪 ࠸ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ᣦ ᦬ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ∦ ᒣ

(2010)ࡣ 㸪 ᒃ ఫ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ 㐪 ࠸ ࡀ 㸪

⮬ ↛ ࡜ ࡢ 㛵 ࡾ ᪉ ࡸ ほ ග ࡬ ࡢ ⪃ ࠼ ᪉ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ♫ ఍ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ 㨩 ຊ ࡢ ឤ ࡌ ᪉ ࡟ ᕪ ␗ ࢆ

(15)

4

ࡶ ࡓ ࡽ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ᣦ ᦬ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ ῦ 㔝࣭㤿

(2017)ࡣ 㸪ᒣ 㝜 ᾏ ᓊ ࢪ ࢜ ࣃ ࣮ ࢡ ࡛

ά ື ࡍ ࡿ ࢪ ࢜ ࢞ ࢖ ࢻ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪ࢪ ࢜ ࣃ ࣮ ࢡ ෆ ࡢ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ᆅ ༊ ࡈ ࡜ ࡟ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࡟ ᦠ ࢃ ࡿ ┠ ⓗ ࡸ ື ᶵ ࡟ 㐪 ࠸ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ᣦ ᦬ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬

ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡟ ࡍ ࡍ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡟ ࠾

࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ྠ ᵝ ࡟ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ᑟ ධ ᆅ ᇦ ෆ ࡛ ά ື ࡟ ᦠ ࢃ ࡿ ⪅ ࡢ ព ㆑ ࡟ ࡣ ᒓ ᛶ ᕪ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ 㸪 ࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ࡣ ᒃ ఫ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ 㐪 ࠸ ࡀ ኱ ࡁ ࡃ ᙳ 㡪 ࡍ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪

࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡟ ᦠ ࢃ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ಶ ࠎ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪ά ື ࡟ ᦠ ࢃ ࡿ ⌮ ⏤ ࡸ ᆅ ᇦ ♫ ఍ ࡬ ࡢ ⪃ ࠼ ᪉ 㸪 ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡟ ᕪ ␗ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࢆ ᢕ ᥱ ࡋ 㸪ఫ Ẹ ᮏ ఩ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ࡟ ᰿ ᕪ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮

ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ࠶ ࡾ ᪉ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲ せ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬

ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡟ ╔ ┠ ࡋ ࡓ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪඲ ᅜ ྛ ᆅ ࡟ ᒎ 㛤 ࡍ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᑟ ධ ᆅ ᇦ ࡈ ࡜ ࡟ 㸪ά ື ࡟ ᦠ ࢃ ࡿ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ᾏ ὠ

(2007)

࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ඲ ᅜ ࡛

16

ࡢ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ඛ 㐍 ᆅ ࢆ ྲྀ ࡾ ୖ ࡆ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ

࣒ ࡟ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡴ ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡬ ࡢ ⪺ ࡁ ྲྀ ࡾ ㄪ ᰝ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪ά ື ࡟ ⮳ ࡿ ⤒ ⦋ ࡸ ᐇ ㊶ ࡢ ෆ ᐜ

ࢆ ሗ ࿌ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬ᩜ ⏣ ⦅

(2008)࡛ ࡣ 㸪໭ ᾏ 㐨 ࡢ 㯮 ᯇ ෆ ⏫ ࡜ Ⓩ ู ᕷ ࢆ ஦ ౛ ࡟ 㸪ᇶ ᖿ

⏘ ᴗ ࡢ ⾶㏥ ࡸ ே ཱྀ ῶ ᑡ 㸪㧗㱋 ໬ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ၥ 㢟 ࢆ ᢪ ࠼ ࡿ ୰ ࡛ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ 㛵 ಀ ⪅ ࡀ ୺ య ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࢆ ᥎ 㐍 ࡋ 㸪⮬ ↛ ⎔ ቃ ࡢ ಖ ඲ ࡜ ά ⏝ 㸪ࡑ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ࣝ

࣮ ࣝ స ࡾ ࢆ ⮬ ᚊ ⓗ ࡟ ⾜ ࠺ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㐣 ⛬ ࢆ ሗ ࿌ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᩜ ⏣ ࣭ ᳃ 㔜

(2011)

࡛ ࡣ 㸪⮬ ↛ 㑇 ⏘ ᆅ ᇦ ࡸ ᓥ ᕋ ᆅ ᇦ 㸪㔝 ⏕ ಖ ㆤ ༊ ᇦ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ᆅ ᇦ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ࢆ ஦ ౛ ࡟ 㸪ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ♫ ఍ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ⪃ ࠼ ᪉ ࡸ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡬ ࡢ ᛮ ࠸ ࢆ

ྲྀ ࡾ ୖ ࡆ 㸪 ⎔ ቃ ಖ ඲ ࡢ ࠶ ࡾ ᪉ ࡜ ᆅ ᇦ ㈨ ※ ࡢ ά ⏝ ἲ ࢆ ᳨ ド ࡋ ࡓ 㸬

ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ୺ య ⓗ ࡞ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࢆ ᡂ ຌ ஦ ౛ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ⤂ ௓ ࡍ

ࡿ ഴ ྥ ࡟ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪ఫ Ẹ ࡀ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ 㨩 ຊ ࢆ ෌ ㄆ ㆑ ࡍ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪ࡑ ࢀ ࢆ ᇦ እ ࡟ Ⓨ ಙ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ほ ග ᣺ ⯆ ࡟ ⤖ ࡧ ࡘ ࡃ ࡜ ࡋ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᑟ ධ ࡢ ព ⩏ ࢆ ᙉ ㄪ ࡋ

࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ 㸪᪤ Ꮡ ◊ ✲ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ⪺ ࡁ ྲྀ ࡾ ㄪ ᰝ ࡣ 㸪୺ ᑟ ⓗ ࡞ ❧ ሙ ࡟

࠶ ࡿ ࢟ ࣮ ࣃ ࣮ ࢯ ࣥ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ᜛ ព ⓗ ࡞ ࡶ ࡢ ࡟ ␃ ࡲ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮

ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡟ ᦠ ࢃ ࡿ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡢ ᕪ ␗ ࡜ ᆅ ᇦ ≉ ᛶ ࡜ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ᚲ ࡎ

ࡋ ࡶ ヲ ⣽ ࡟ ᳨ ウ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡇ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ࡑ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ 㐪 ࠸ ࡣ 㸪ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ㄪ ࿴ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᆅ

ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࢆ ࡍ ࡍ ࡵ ࡿ ⮬ ἞ య ࡀ 㸪ࡑ ࡢ ᡭ ẁ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᑟ ධ ࡍ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᪉

㔪 ࡸ ᐇ ᪋ ࡢ ࠶ ࡾ ᪉ ࡟ ࡶ ኱ ࡁ ࡃ ᙳ 㡪 ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪ά ື ࡟ ᦠ

(16)

5

ࢃ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ಶ ࠎ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡢ ᕪ ␗ ࢆ ᢕ ᥱ ࡋ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ≉ ᛶ ࡜ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ᛶ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚

᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓ ୖ ࡛ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ព ⩏ ࢆ ၥ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ 㔜せ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬

3.

◊ ✲ ┠ ⓗ ࡜ ᪉ ἲ

௨ ୖ ࡼ ࡾ ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᑟ ධ 㐣 ⛬ ࡜ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࡢ ෆ ᐜ ࢆ ᢕ ᥱ ࡋ 㸪ά ື ࡟ ᦠ ࢃ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡢ ᕪ ␗ ࢆ 㸪ࡑ ࡢ ᒓ ᛶ ࡸ ᆅ ᇦ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ ほ Ⅼ

࠿ ࡽ ศ ᯒ ࡋ ࡓ ୖ ࡛ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ព ⩏ ࡜ 㸪௒ ᚋ ࡢ ㄢ㢟 ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

◊ ✲ ┠ ⓗ ࢆ 㐩 ᡂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡟ 㸪௨ ୗ ࡢ ᡭ 㡰 ࡛ ศ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ 㸬➨ ϩ ❶ ࡢ ᪥ ᮏ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᒎ 㛤 ࡛ ࡣ 㸪1 ⠇ ࡢ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᬑ ཬ 㐣 ⛬ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪

࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡀ ᪥ ᮏ ᅜ ෆ ࡛ ࡝ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ᬑ ཬ ࡋ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ ࡢ ࠿ ࢆ 㸪ᩥ ⊩ ㈨ ᩱ ࢆ ⏝

࠸ ࡚ ᴫ ほ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬2 ⠇ ࡜

3

⠇ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ஦ ᴗ ࡜ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ

࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ἲ ࡢ ᴫ せ ࢆ ᢕ ᥱ ࡋ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᒎ 㛤㐣

⛬ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ 㸬

4

⠇ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪

1

⠇ ࠿ ࡽ

3

⠇ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ ㋃ ࡲ ࠼ 㸪 ◊ ✲ ᑐ ㇟ ᆅ ᇦ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᇸ

⋢ ┴ 㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࢆ 㑅 ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡢ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ࢆ ᫂ ░ ࡟ ࡍ

ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ẚ ㍑ ᑐ ㇟ ᆅ ᇦ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ⩌ 㤿 ┴ ࡳ ࡞ ࠿ ࡳ ⏫ ࢆ 㑅 ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

➨ Ϫ ❶ ࡢ ᇸ ⋢ ┴ 㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ≉ ᛶ ࡜ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᑟ ධ 㐣 ⛬ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪

1

⠇

࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪ே ཱྀ ࡜ ⏘ ᴗ ᵓ 㐀㸪ᆅ ⌮ ⓗ ᮲ ௳ ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡟ ࡣ ኱ ࡁ ࡃ ஧ ࡘ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬2 ⠇ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡀ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࢆ ᑟ ධ ࡋ ࡓ ⤒ ⦋ ࢆ ᢕ ᥱ ࡋ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࡢ ᐇ ᪋ 㐣 ⛬ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ 㸬

3

⠇ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪➨

1

⠇ ࡜ ➨

2

⠇ ࡛ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ ᆅ ᇦ ᛶ ࡜ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ᐇ ᪋ ⪅ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑

࡜ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ 㸪⪺ ࡁ ྲྀ ࡾ ㄪ ᰝ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࠿ ࡽ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬ࡑ ࡋ ࡚

4

⠇ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪

㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ⓗ ព ⩏ ࢆ ⪃ ᐹ ࡍ ࡿ

㸬

➨ ϫ ❶ ࡢ ⩌ 㤿 ┴ ࡳ ࡞ ࠿ ࡳ ⏫ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡜ ࡢ ẚ ㍑ ᳨ ド ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡓ ࡵ ࡟ 㸪ࡳ ࡞ ࠿ ࡳ ⏫ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌

ࡳ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ≉ ᛶ ࡸ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᑟ ධ 㐣 ⛬ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᥎ 㐍

⠊ ᅖ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ᐇ ᪋ ⪅ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡟ ὀ ┠ ࡋ ࡚ ศ ᯒ ࡋ 㸪

ྠ ⏫ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ⓗ ព ⩏ ࡜ ㄢ㢟 ࢆ ⪃ ᐹ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

1

⠇ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ே

(17)

6

ཱྀ ࡜ ⏘ ᴗ ᵓ 㐀㸪 ᆅ ⌮ ⓗ ᮲ ௳ ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪 ࡳ ࡞ ࠿ ࡳ ⏫ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ≉ ᛶ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

➨

2

⠇ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࡢ ᐇ ᪋ ᩘ ࡸ ࢸ ࣮ ࣐ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪୺ ࡟ ࡳ ࡞ ࠿ ࡳ ᒣ ᓅ ࢞ ࢖ ࢻ ༠ ఍ ࡜ 㟁 Ẽ ࣂ ࢫ ஦ ᴗ ࢆ ୰ ᚰ ࡟ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ 㸬

3

⠇ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪

1

⠇ ࡜

2

⠇ ࡛

♧ ࡋ ࡓ ᆅ ᇦ ᛶ ࡜ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ᐇ ᪋ ⪅ ࡢ ཧ ⏬ ព ㆑ ࡜ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ 㸪㠃 ᥋ ㄪ ᰝ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ

࠿ ࡽ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

4

⠇ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ ㋃ ࡲ ࠼ ࡚ 㸪ࡳ ࡞ ࠿ ࡳ ⏫ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ

ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ⓗ ព ⩏ ࡜ ၥ 㢟 Ⅼ ࢆ ⪃ ᐹ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ ➨ Ϭ ❶ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪➨ Ϫ ❶ ࡛ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㣤 ⬟ ᕷ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ ᇶ ࡟ 㸪➨ ϫ ❶ ࡢ ࡳ ࡞ ࠿

ࡳ ⏫ ࡢ ஦ ౛ ศ ᯒ ࡜ ࡢ ẚ ㍑ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡀ ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡟ ᯝ ࡓ ࡍ ᙺ ๭ ࢆ

᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

᭱ ᚋ ࡟ ➨ ϭ ❶ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪௨ ୖ ࡛ ᚓ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ⪃ ᐹ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ ࡲ ࡜ ࡵ ࡚ 㸪⤖ ㄽ ࢆ ㏙ ࡭ ࡿ 㸬

(18)

7

➨ ϩ ❶ ᪥ ᮏ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᒎ 㛤

1.

࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᬑ ཬ 㐣 ⛬

࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡣ 㸪

1980

ᖺ ࡢ

UNEP(ᅜ 㐃 ⎔ ቃ ィ ⏬)࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ᣢ ⥆ ྍ ⬟ ࡞ 㛤

Ⓨ

Sustainable development^{1 )}

ࡢ ᥦ ၐ ࡀ ዎ ᶵ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ㄌ ⏕ ࡋ ࡓ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪㏵ ୖ ᅜ ࡢ ⮬ ↛ ⎔ ቃ ࢆ ಖ ㆤ ࡋ 㸪ࡑ ࢀ ࢆ ほ ග ㈨ ※ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ά ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ⎔ ቃ ಖ ඲ ㈝ ⏝

ࢆ ᤬ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ ᪉ ἲ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ㄆ ▱ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ

(ຍ ⸨ 2007:26-27)㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪

ୡ ⏺ ⓗ ࡞ ⎔ ቃ ಖ ඲ ព ㆑ ࡢ 㧗 ࡲ ࡾ ࡢ ୰ ࡛ 㸪 ⮬ ↛ ಖ ㆤ ࡜ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡢ ୧ ❧ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡋ 㸪

1980

ᖺ ௦ ࠿ ࡽ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡟ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡴ ᆅ ᇦ ࡀ ୡ ⏺ ྛ ᅜ ࡛ ቑ ຍ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ඛ 㐍 ᆅ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢜ ࣮ ࢫ ࢺ ࣛ ࣜ ࢔ ࡸ ࢽ ࣗ ࣮ ࢪ ࣮ ࣛ ࣥ ࢻ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪㔝 ⏕ ಖ ㆤ ༊ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ⮬ ↛ ⎔ ቃ ࡀ ㇏ ࠿ ࡞ ᆅ ᇦ ࡛ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡀ ᑟ ධ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪⎔ ቃ ࡟ 㓄

៖ ࡋ ࡓ ᪑ ⾜ ᙧ ែ ࡢ ᥦ ౪ ࡸ 㸪࢞ ࢖ ࢻ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᚓ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ฼ ┈ ࢆ ಖ ඲ ㈝ ⏝ ࡟ ඘ ࡚ ࡿ

࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࡀ ά Ⓨ ໬ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ

(ࣅ ࣮ ࢺ ࣥ 2002)㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ࢔ ࣓ ࣜ ࢝ ࡞ ࡝ ࡛

ࡶ ࣐ ࢫ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ⮬ ↛ ⎔ ቃ ࡬ ࡢ ᝏ ᙳ 㡪 ࡀ ၥ 㢟ど ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ୰ ࡛ 㸪ᅜ ❧ බ ᅬ

࡞ ࡝ ࡛ ࡣ ࣞ ࣥ ࢪ ࣕ ࣮ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ゎㄝ

Interpretation

ࢆ క ࡗ ࡓ ⮬ ↛ ほ ᐹ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࡀ ከ ࡃ ᐇ ᪋ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ

(ᩜ ⏣ 2008)㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ 㸪 ୡ ⏺ ⓗ ࡟

ࡣ ⮬ ↛ ᆅ ᇦ ࢆ ᑐ ㇟ ࡟ 㸪⎔ ቃ ಖ ඲ ࡟ 㔜 Ⅼ ࡀ ⨨ ࠿ ࢀ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᑟ ධ ࡀ ࡍ ࡍ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

᪥ ᮏ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪

1990

ᖺ ࡈ ࢁ ࠿ ࡽ ᑠ ➟ ཎ ㅖ ᓥ ࡸ ᒇ ஂ ᓥ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ཎ ⏕ ⓗ ࡞

⮬ ↛ ࡀ ከ ࡃ ṧ Ꮡ ࡋ 㸪ᚋ ࡟ ⮬ ↛ 㑇 ⏘ ᆅ ᇦ ࡟ ᣦ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᆅ ᇦ ࡛ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮

ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡀ ᑟ ධ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ᾏ ὠ

(2011)ࡣ 㸪᪥ ᮏ ࡟ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡀ

ᬑ ཬ ࡋ ࡚ ࠿ ࡽ ⌧ ᅾ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ Ṕ ྐ ⓗ ⤒ 㐣 ࢆ 㸪⎔ ቃ ┬

(2004)ࡢ ༊ ศ ࡟ ᚑ ࡗ ࡚ ձ 㯪 ᫂

ᮇ 㸪ղ ㄪ ᰝ ◊ ✲ ᮇ 㸪ճ ᐇ ㊶ ᮇ 㸪մ ㄢ㢟 ᥦ ㉳ ᮇ 㸪յ ඲ ᅜ ᒎ 㛤 ᮇ ࡢ

5

ࡘ ࡟ ศ 㢮 ࡋ

࡚ ࠸ ࡿ

(┿ ᯈ ࡯ ࠿ 2011:15-18)㸬ձ ࡢ 㯪 ᫂ ᮇ ࡣ 1980

ᖺ ௦ ᚋ ༙ ࡟ ࠶ ࡓ ࡾ 㸪ゝ ⴥ

࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡢ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡀ ᪥ ᮏ ࡟ ㍺ ධ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ᫬ ᮇ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪᪥ ᮏ ࡛ ึ ࡵ ࡚ ࡢ ࢚

ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ᅋ య ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ᑠ ➟ ཎ ࣍ ࢚ ࣮ ࣝ ࢘ ࢛ ࢵ ࢳ ࣥ ࢢ ༠ ఍

^{2 )}

ࡀ タ ❧

ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ղ ࡢ ㄪ ᰝ ◊ ✲ ᮇ ࡣ

1990

ᖺ ௦ ๓ ༙ ࡟ ࠶ ࡓ ࡾ 㸪 ⎔ ቃ ᗇ

(⌧ ࣭ ⎔ ቃ ┬)ࡀ

ᅜ ❧ බ ᅬ ࢆ ୰ ᚰ ࡟ ㄪ ᰝ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᑟ ධ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓ ᫬ ᮇ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪

す⾲ ᓥ ࡸ ᒇ ஂ ᓥ ࡛ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࢔ ࣮ ࡀ ᐇ ᪋ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ճ ࡢ ᐇ ㊶ ᮇ ࡣ

(19)

8

1990

ᖺ ௦ ᚋ ༙ ࡟ ࠶ ࡓ ࡾ 㸪 ᒇ ஂ ᓥ ࡸ ᑠ ➟ ཎ ㅖ ᓥ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ཎ ⏕ ⓗ ࡞ ⮬ ↛ ࡀ ከ ࡃ ṧ Ꮡ ࡍ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ࡛ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ༠ ఍ ࡀ タ ❧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬մ ࡢ ㄢ㢟 ᥦ ㉳ ᮇ ࡣ

2000

ᖺ ௦ ๓ ༙ ࡟ ࠶ ࡓ ࡾ 㸪ࡑ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡲ ࢀ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ෆ ᐜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ

࡜ ࢞ ࢖ ࢻ ࡢ ㌵㎚ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ㄢ㢟 ࡀ ᥦ ㉳ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ゎ Ỵ ⟇ ࡀ ㆟ ㄽ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ᚋ ㏙ ࡍ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ஦ ᴗ ࡀ 㛤 ጞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡢ ࡶ ࡇ ࡢ ᫬ ᮇ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬յ ࡢ

඲ ᅜ ᒎ 㛤 ᮇ ࡣ

2000

ᖺ ௦ ᚋ ༙ ࡟ ࠶ ࡓ ࡾ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ஦ ᴗ ࢆ ዎ ᶵ ࡟ 㸪 ࡑ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ୰ ᚰ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ཎ ⏕ ⓗ ࡞ ⮬ ↛ ࡀ ṧ Ꮡ ࡍ ࡿ ⮬ ↛

(㑇 ⏘)ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ࡯ ࠿ 㸪ከ ࡃ

ࡢ ほ ග ⪅ ࡀ ゼ ࢀ ࡿ ᪤ ࡟ ほ ග ᆅ ໬ ࡀ ࡍ ࡍ ࢇ ࡔ ᆅ ᇦ ࡸ 㸪ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ほ ග ᆅ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ὀ ┠ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡇ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ≉ ➹ ࡍ ࡭ ࡁ ほ ග ㈨ ※ ࡢ ࡞ ࠸ ᆅ ᇦ ࡟ ࡶ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒

ᅗ ϩ 㸫

1 ᪥ ᮏ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ⤌ ⧊ ᩘ ࡢ ᥎ ⛣ (ᕝ ᓮ ࣭ ୕ 㒊(2015)ࡼ ࡾ స ᡂ)

(20)

9

ࡢ ᑟ ධ ࡀ ࡍ ࡍ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ἲ ࡀ

2008

ᖺ ࡟ ᪋ ⾜ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪 ྠ ἲ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ㄆ ᐃ ࡀ ᐇ ᪋ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ

(

┿ ᯈ ࡯ ࠿

2011:15-18)

㸬

ࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ 㸪 ᪥ ᮏ ࡛ ࡶ ୡ ⏺ ⓗ ࡞ ₻ ὶ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ 㸪 ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡣ ⮬ ↛

(㑇 ⏘)ᆅ ᇦ ࡛ ࢚

ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡀ ᒎ 㛤 ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪մ ㄢ㢟 ᥦ ㉳ ᮇ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ յ ඲ ᅜ ᒎ 㛤 ᮇ ࡢ ᫬ ᮇ ࡟ ᐇ ᪋ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ஦ ᴗ ࡜ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ἲ ࡢ ᪋ ⾜ ࢆ ዎ ᶵ ࡟ 㸪 ࡑ ࢀ ࡽ ௨ እ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ࡟ ࡶ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᑟ ධ ࡀ ࡍ ࡍ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ᕝ 㷂 ࣭ ୕ 㒊㸦

2015㸧 ࡢ ㄪ ᰝ ⤖ ᯝ ࡟ ࡼ ࢀ ࡤ 㸪 ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ஦ ᴗ ࡢ ᐇ ᪋ ࡸ ἲ ᚊ ࡢ ᪋ ⾜

࡟ క ࠸ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ⤌ ⧊ ᩘ ࡣ ⴭ ࡋ ࡃ ቑ ຍ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ

(ᅗ ϩ 㸫1)㸬 ࡑ ࡇ

࡛ ௨ ୗ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ஦ ᴗ ࡜ ἲ ᚊ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ᴫ ほ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

2.

࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ஦ ᴗ ࡢ ᴫ せ ࡜ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ᆅ ༊

࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ஦ ᴗ ࡣ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࢆ ᪥ ᮏ ᅜ ෆ ࡛ ᗈ ࡃ ᥎ 㐍 ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡟ ヨ㦂 ⓗ ࡟ ᐇ ᪋ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ఍ ㆟

³⁾

ࡀ ࡜ ࡾ ࡲ ࡜ ࡵ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ᪉ ⟇ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬2004 ᖺ ᗘ ࠿ ࡽ

3

ᖺ 㛫 ࡟ ࢃ ࡓ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪඲ ᅜ ࡟

13

ࡢ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ᆅ ༊ ࢆ 㑅 ᐃ ࡋ 㸪⎔ ቃ ┬ ࢆ ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ⾜ ᨻ ࡀ 㸪㈨ ※ ㄪ ᰝ࣭ே ᮦ ⫱ ᡂ ࣭ ࣝ ࣮ ࣝ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ᨭ ᥼ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ 㸪 ᅜ ୺ ᑟ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ

࣒ ࡢ ᑟ ධ ࡀ ࡍ ࡍ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ึ ࡵ ࡚ ࡢ ஦ ᴗ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬

㑅 ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ᆅ ༊ ࡣ ձ ㇏ ࠿ ࡞ ⮬ ↛ ࡢ ୰ ࡛ ࡢ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ᆅ ༊ 㸪 ղ ከ ࡃ ࡢ ほ ග ᐈ ࡀ ゼ ࢀ ࡿ ほ ග ᆅ ࡛ ࡢ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ᆅ ༊ 㸪 ճ 㔛 ᆅ 㔛 ᒣ ࡞ ࡝ ㌟㏆ ࡞ ⮬ ↛ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ⏘ ᴗ ࡸ ⏕ ά ᩥ ໬ ࢆ ά ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ᆅ ༊ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ศ 㢮 ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸

ࡿ

(ᅗ ϩ 㸫2)㸬

ࡇ ࡢ ஦ ᴗ ࡢ ձ ࡟ ヱ ᙜ ࡍ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ࡣ 㸪 ࡑ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ୰ ᚰ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ

▱ ᗋ ᆅ ༊ ࡸ ᑠ ➟ ཎ ᆅ ༊ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ཎ ⏕ ⓗ ࡞ ⮬ ↛ ࡀ ከ ࡃ ṧ Ꮡ ࡍ ࡿ ᆅ ᇦ ࡀ ヱ ᙜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

ղ ࡣ 㸪 ᐩ ኈ ᒣ ໭ 㮵 ᆅ ༊ ࡸ ⿬ ☬ Დ ᆅ ༊ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ᪤ ࡟ ほ ග ᆅ ໬ ࡀ ࡍ ࡍ ࢇ ࡔ ᆅ ᇦ ࡀ

ヱ ᙜ ࡋ 㸪 ࡲ ࡓ ճ ࡣ 㸪㣤 ⬟ ࣭ ྡ ᰩ ᆅ ༊ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ≉ ➹ ࡍ ࡭ ࡁ ほ ග ㈨ ※ ࡢ ࡞ ࠸ 㔛 ᆅ 㔛

ᒣ ᆅ ᇦ ࡸ 㸪 ༡ ⣖ ࣭ ⇃ 㔝 ᆅ ༊ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ⮬ ↛ ㈨ ※ ࡀ ㇏ ࠿ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡚ ࡶ ᆅ ⌮ ⓗ ᮲ ௳ ࡟

ᜨ ࡲ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ ᆅ ᇦ ࡀ ヱ ᙜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࡞ ࠾ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ఍ ㆟ ࡢ ࣓ ࣥ ࣂ ࣮ ࡛ ࠶

ࡗ ࡓ ᾏ ὠ ࡺ ࡾ ࠼ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ࡜ 㸪ྠ ஦ ᴗ ࡢ බ ເ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ 㸪ձ ࡣ

9

ᆅ ᇦ 㸪ղ ࡣ

13

ᆅ ᇦ ࡛

(21)

10

ᅗ ϩ 㸫

2

࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ஦ ᴗ ࡟ ᆅ ༊ ᣦ ᐃ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡓ

13

ᆅ ༊

(⎔ ቃ ┬ ㈨ ᩱ ࡼ ࡾ స ᡂ)㸬

࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࡢ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ 㸪ճ ࡣ

33

ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ᛂ ເ ࡀ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ

(┿ ᯈ ࡯ ࠿ 2011:294)㸬

ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ஦ ᴗ ࡢ ᐇ ᪋ ᫬ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪㔛 ᆅ 㔛 ᒣ ࢆ ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡜ ࡍ

ࡿ ≉ ➹ ࡍ ࡭ ࡁ ほ ග ㈨ ※ ࡟ ஈ ࡋ ࠸ ᆅ ᇦ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᑟ ධ ࡢ ື ࡁ ࡀ ά Ⓨ ໬ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࡜ ࠸ ࠼ ࡿ 㸬

ࡇ ࡢ ⫼ ᬒ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ➨ Ϩ ❶ ࡛ ࡶ ㏙ ࡭ ࡓ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ 㸪 ᇶ ᖿ ⏘ ᴗ ࡢ ⾶㏥ ࡸ ே ཱྀ ῶ ᑡ 㸪㧗㱋 ໬ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ၥ 㢟 ࢆ ᢪ ࠼ ࡿ ⮬ ἞ య ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ♫ ఍ ࢆ ᣢ ⥆ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ

᣺ ⯆ ⟇ ࡀ ᶍ ⣴ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡑ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ ୰ ࡛ 㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ♫ ఍ ࡢ ഃ ࡟ ࡣ ࡞ ࢇ ࡽ ࠿ ࡢ ⏘ ᴗ

᣺ ⯆ ࡀ ᚲ せ ࡜ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪 ୍ ࡘ ࡢ 㑅 ᢥ ⫥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ほ ග 㛤 Ⓨ ࡬ ࡢ ཧ ධ ࡀ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ

(ྂ ᮧ 2009:83)

㸬௚ ᪉ 㸪ほ ග ᗇ ࢆ ୰ ᚰ ࡟ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ᅛ ᭷ ࡢ ㈨ ※ ࢆ ά ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ 㸪య 㦂 ࣭

஺ ὶ ᆺ ࡢ ࢽ ࣗ ࣮ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ࡢ ື ࡁ ࡶ ά Ⓨ ໬ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪 ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ほ ග ᆅ ࡜

ࡋ ࡚ ὀ ┠ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡇ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ⮬ ἞ య ࡛ ࡶ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡸ ࢢ ࣜ ࣮ ࣥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ

(22)

11

࣒ 㸪 ⏘ ᴗ ほ ග ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ᑟ ධ ࡀ ᥎ ዡ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ ୰ ࡛ 㸪 ≉ ➹ ࡍ ࡭ ࡁ ほ ග

㈨ ※ ࡟ ஈ ࡋ ࠸ 㔛 ᆅ 㔛 ᒣ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ࡛ ࡶ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡬ ࡢ 㛵 ᚰ ࡀ 㧗 ࡲ ࡗ ࡓ

࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࠼ ࡿ 㸬

௨ ୖ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ஦ ᴗ ࢆ ዎ ᶵ ࡟ 㸪 ཎ ⏕ ⓗ ࡞ ⮬ ↛ ࡀ ከ ࡃ ṧ Ꮡ ࡍ ࡿ ᓥ ᕋ ᆅ ᇦ ࢆ ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ൢ ᆅ ௨ እ ࡛ ࡶ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡬ ࡢ 㛵 ᚰ ࡀ 㧗

ࡲ ࡾ 㸪 ኱ 㒔 ᕷ ㏆㑹 ࡸ ࡑ ࡢ ⦕ ㎶ ᆅ ᇦ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ᑟ ධ ࡀ ࡍ ࡍ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬

3.

࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ἲ ࡢ ᴫ せ ࡜ ㄆ ᐃ ᆅ ᇦ

⎔ ቃ ┬ ࢆ ୰ ᚰ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ఍ ㆟ ࡸ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ஦ ᴗ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࡟ ᇶ ࡙ ࡁ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ἲ ࡣ 㸪

2007

ᖺ

6

᭶ ࡟ 㛶 ㆟ Ỵ ᐃ ࡟ ࡼ

ࡾ ᡂ ❧ ࡋ 㸪

2008

ᖺ

4

᭶ ࡼ ࡾ ᪋ ⾜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ឡ ▱ ࣭ ┒ ᒣ

(2008)ࡣ ྠ ἲ ᚊ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸

࡚ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ㈨ ※ ࢆ ಖ ඲ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ᣢ ⥆ ⓗ ࡟ ά ⏝ ࡋ 㸪ほ ග ࢆ ᣺ ⯆ ࡉ ࡏ ࡚ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ⪅ ࡀ ୺ య ⓗ ࡟ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡴ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ᪂ ࡓ ࡞ 㞠 ⏝ ࡸ ᆅ ᇦ ࡬ ࡢ ឡ ╔࣭㄂ ࡾ ࢆ ๰ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ┠ ⓗ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ

(ឡ ▱ ࣭ ┒ ᒣ 2008:6-7)㸪 ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࡢ ഃ 㠃 ࡀ

ᙉ ㄪ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡑ ࡢ ┠ ⓗ ࡟ ᇶ ࡙ ࡁ 㸪ᕷ ༊ ⏫ ᮧ ࡣ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ⪅ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ⤌ ⧊ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ༠ ㆟ ఍ ࢆ ⤌ ⧊ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ඲ య ᵓ ᝿ ࡢ స ᡂ ࡸ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᐇ ᪋ య ไ ࡀ ᩚ ࠼ ࡤ 㸪⎔ ቃ ┬

ࢆ ୰ ᚰ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㛵 ಀ ┬ ᗇ

^{4 )}

࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ㄆ ᐃ ࢆ ⏦ ㄳ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬ㄆ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ⮬ ἞ య

(࢚

ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ༠ ㆟ ఍

)ࡣ 㸪 ᅜ ࡼ ࡾ ᆅ ᇦ ⎔ ቃ ࡢ ಖ ඲ ࡜ ά ⏝ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ຓ ゝ㸪

࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᗈ ሗ 㸪࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࢆ ᥎ 㐍 ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ⿵ ຓ 㔠 ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ᨭ

᥼ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ᫬ ௦ ࡢ ኚ ໬ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ほ ග ⪅ ࡢ ᚿ ྥ ࡸ ⾜ ື ࡣ ኚ ໬ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ࡑ ࢀ ࡟ క ࠺ ἲ ᚊ ࡢ ᨵ ၿ ࡣ 㐺 ᐅ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡀ

(

ࣈ ࢫ ࢺ ࢫ ࣭ ຍ ⸨

2010)

㸪 ྠ ἲ ࢆ ᇶ ‽ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ࡢ ᑟ ධ ࡀ ά Ⓨ ໬ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ண ࡉ

ࢀ ࡿ 㸬

ᅗ ϩ 㸫

3

࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ⾲ ϩ 㸫1 ࡣ 㸪 ࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ἲ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ㄆ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ⮬ ἞ య

(࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ༠ ㆟ ఍)ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪2017

ᖺ ⌧ ᅾ ࡛ ࡣ

12

ᆅ

༊ 㸪

25

ࡢ ᕷ ⏫ ᮧ ࡀ ㄆ ᐃ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ᑠ ➟ ཎ ㅖ ᓥ ࡸ ዆ ⨾ ㅖ ᓥ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ཎ ⏕

ⓗ ࡞ ⮬ ↛ ࡀ ከ ࡃ ṧ Ꮡ ࡍ ࡿ ᓥ ᕋ ᆅ ᇦ ࡣ ࡶ ࡜ ࡼ ࡾ 㸪

2009

ᖺ

9

᭶ ࡟ ඲ ᅜ ࡛ ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ

(23)

12

ᅗ ϩ 㸫

3

࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ἲ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ㄆ ᐃ ᆅ ᇦ

(2017

ᖺ ⌧ ᅾ

) ᅗ ୰ ࡢ ␒ ྕ ࡣ ⾲ ϩ 㸫1 ࡢ No.࡟ ᑐ ᛂ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

(⎔ ቃ ┬ ㈨ ᩱ ࡼ ࡾ స ᡂ)㸬

⾲ ϩ 㸫

1

࢚ ࢥ ࢶ ࣮ ࣜ ࢬ ࣒ ᥎ 㐍 ἲ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ㄆ ᐃ ⮬ ἞ య ࡜ ㄆ ᐃ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥

⾲ ࡢ No,ࡣ ᅗ ϩ 㸫3 ࡢ ␒ ྕ ࡟ ᑐ ᛂ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

No. ㄆᐃᖺ᭶᪥ ⮬἞యྡ

1 㻞㻜㻜㻥ᖺ㻥᭶㻤᪥ ᇸ⋢┴㣤⬟ᕷ

2 㻞㻜㻝㻞ᖺ㻢᭶㻞㻣᪥ Ἀ⦖┴Ώ჆ᩜᮧ䞉ᗙ㛫࿡ᮧ

3 㻞㻜㻝㻞ᖺ㻢᭶㻞㻥᪥ ⩌㤿┴䜏䛺䛛䜏⏫

4 㻞㻜㻝㻠ᖺ㻟᭶㻝㻟᪥ ୕㔜┴㫽⩚ᕷ 5 㻞㻜㻝㻠ᖺ㻣᭶㻥᪥ ୕㔜┴ྡᙇᕷ 6 㻞㻜㻝㻠ᖺ㻝㻝᭶㻞㻝᪥ ி㒔ᗓ༡୹ᕷ 7 㻞㻜㻝㻢ᖺ㻝᭶㻞㻤᪥ ᮾி㒔ᑠ➟ཎᮧ

8 㻞㻜㻝㻢ᖺ㻝㻝᭶㻝㻡᪥ ໭ᾏ㐨ᘵᏊᒅ⏫

9 㻞㻜㻝㻣ᖺ㻞᭶㻣᪥ 㮵ඣᓥ┴዆⨾ᕷ䞉኱࿴ᮧ䞉Ᏹ᳨ᮧ䞉℩ᡞෆ⏫䞉㱟㒓⏫䞉႐⏺⏫䞉 ᚨஅᓥ⏫䞉ኳᇛ⏫䞉ఀ௝⏫䞉࿴Ἡ⏫䞉▱ྡ⏫䞉୚ㄽ⏫

10 㻞㻜㻝㻣ᖺ㻞᭶㻣᪥ ᐑᓮ┴୵㛫ᕷ

11 㻞㻜㻝㻣ᖺ㻞᭶㻣᪥ ឡ፾┴す᮲ᕷ䞉ஂ୓㧗ཎ⏫

12 㻞㻜㻝㻣ᖺ㻞᭶㻣᪥ ᐩᒣ┴ୖᕷ⏫

ᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ࢚ࢥࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢព⩏࡜ㄢ㢟

⾲⣬࠙ぢᮏ