Textcritical Remarks on the Bauddhakosa II : Focusing on Vocabulary in the
Abhidharmasamuccaya and Related Texts
著者 Toshio HORIUCHI
journal or
publication title
Journal of International Philosophy
volume 11
page range 233‑254
year 2022‑02
URL http://doi.org/10.34428/00013327
Textcritical Remarks on the Bauddhakośa II :
Focusing on Vocabulary in the Abhidharmasamuccaya and Related Texts
Toshio HORIUCHI
Keywords: Abhidharmasamuccayavyākhyā, Nyi ma rgyal mtshan dpal bzang po, vicāra, vimalanā, Tibetan translation
Introduction
Some of the literature of the Yogācāra schools has been preserved in three ways: as Sanskrit originals, as Tibetan translations, and as Chinese translations. This situation is often beneficial for understanding the texts.
For example, some obscure Sanskrit words can be clarified by referring to the Chinese and Tibetan translations. Similarly, corrupted Sanskrit terms can be corrected after reviewing one or both translations.
However, the situation is not always so simple, and there are situations in which differences between the three sources cannot simply be characterized as an error in one or the other. For example, the sources of Tibetan and Chinese translations may belong to a different recension than the current Sanskrit version, or the translator may have made a mistake in the translation or intentionally introduced a change or made an addition.
Moreover, in the course of the transmission of the manuscripts or translations, the original may have been corrupted. Regardless, by understanding the characteristics of various Sanskrit manuscripts and their translators, including referring to other works by the same author or to literature of the same school, it should be possible to trace the original sources and intentions of the authors to some extent.
In this paper, I investigate some vocabulary in the Abhidharmasamuccaya (hereafter AS) and the related literature. I also elucidate the characteristics of various AS translations.
This paper was inspired by Bauddhakośa (hereafter BK) II, for which I am a co-editor. This volume is a rich material that includes the definitions of the so-called “Hundred Dharmas” in AS-Sk (i.d., in the Sanskrit
of AS), Tib, and Chin, Abhidharmasamuccayabhāṣya(ASBh)-Sk, and
Abhidharmasamuccayavyākhyā(ASVy)-Tib, as well as Pañcaskandhaka(PS)-Sk, Tib, and Chin, and Pañcaskandhakavibhāṣā(PSVi)-Tib. BK II also includes Triṃśikābhāṣya(TrBh)-Sk, 顕揚聖教論Xiǎnyáng shèngjiào lùn (T no. 1602), and the Yogācārabhūmi (YBh). However, this cannot refer to the Sanskrit of ASVy (since Li 2013) and PSVi (Kramer 2013) given that the publication date is February 2014. Moreover, the research is ongoing, so BK II is expected to be revised drastically in the future.1 However, it remains a valuable source for further study in terms of its wealth of materials. Therefore, at the end of this paper, I will include proposed corrigenda to BK II.2
1. On the odor (gandha)
1.1. ASThe following is the definition of gandha, odor in AS, which is lacking in the AS-Ms and was first obtained
from ASVy-Ms in Sanskrit.
gandhaḥ katamaḥ/ catvāri mahābhūtāny upādāya ghrāṇendriyagrāhyo yo ’rthaḥ/ sugandho vā durgandho vā sahajo vā sāṃyogiko vā pāriṇāmiko vā/ (ASG(1): 84, Li 2015: 281)
However, the Tibetan and the Chinese translations seem to have *samagandho vā (neutral odor. 平等香 (AS-Chin, ASVy-Chin (Hayashima 2003: 33)), dri mnyam pa dang (AS), dri mnyam pa’am (ASVy). BK II, 203-204) followed by durgandho vā.
ASG(1), n. 119 estimates that AS-Tib, ASVy-Tib, AS-Chin, and ASVy-Chin insert samagandha, but the situation seems to be rather the opposite: ASVy-Ms lacks samagandho vā and this should be inserted in the text. This is because the definitions of the śabda and rasa in this same AS (in Sanskrit, Tibetan, and Chinese) also describe something that is neutral or is neither favorable nor unfavorable (nobhayaḥ and tadubhayavinirmuktaḥ, respectively. BK II, 199-200, 206-207). The same is true in other literature: the PS (tadanyaḥ, de las gzhan pa, 所余香. BK II, 204), PSVi (samagandhaś, 16.7, dri mnyam pa. BK II, 205), the YBh (samagandhā (Pl.), dri mnyam pa, 平等香. BK V, 65-66), the 顕揚聖教論Xiǎnyáng shèngjiào lùn (倶 非 香), and the AKBh (samagandha, dri mnyam pa, 平 等 香 (BK VI, 22)). Although this is an Abhidharma literature, in the AKBh, odor is first mentioned as being of four kinds, and then three kinds (including equality incense) are mentioned as appearing in the treatise (Prakaraṇa. see BK VI above).
Thus, the suggested text of AS and the translation (the latter is the same as the previous studies based on Tibetan and Chinese3) are as follows (I put (A) to (C) to indicate the text in question in the next section.):
gandhaḥ katamaḥ/ (A) catvāri mahābhūtāny upādāya ghrāṇendriyagrāhyo yo ’rthaḥ/ (B) sugandho vā durgandho vā <samagandho vā> (C) sahajo vā sāṃyogiko vā pāriṇāmiko vā/
What is odor? It is the thing that is grasped by the faculty that is the nose, [the thing that is] derived from the four primary elements. It is either good odor, bad odor, or neutral odor, innate, created by connection with [others], or created by change.
Incidentally, this [assumed] omission *samagandho vā can be explained as an eye-skip due to the enumeration of words linked by vā. In addition, it might also be due to a shift in attention to the next sahajo instead of samagandho.
1.2. ASBh
The first part of ASBh’s commentary on this passage is as follows, but its Tibetan translation has an interesting variant reading (see ASG(1), n. 104 for a correction of the passage in *).
gandhavyavasthānaṃ (A) lakṣaṇato* (B) ’nugrahopaghātataḥ (C) prabhedataś ca// (ASBh-ASG(1), 84)
*: lakṣaṇato] ASG(ASVy-Ms); svalakṣaṇato ASBh-Ms, Tib, Tatia
dri ni (A) rang gi mtshan nyid dang/ (B) phan gnod dang/ (dang/] P; dang D) (C) gnas skabs kyi sgo nas rab tu dbye bas rnam par gzhag (gzhag] D; bzhag P) go// (ASBh-Tib, D4a1, P4b6)
dri ni (A) mtshan nyid dang/ (B) phan gnod dang/ (C) rab tu dbye ba (read bas) rnam par gzhag (bzhag P) go// (ASVy-Tib, D122b3, P149b5)
當知此香三因建立。謂（A）相故（B）損益故（C）差別故。（ASVy-Chin, T31.696b14-15）
For passage C, ASG(1), n. 122 says, “ASBh-Tib” “does not understand prabhedatas as a concept parallel to others4 ,” and translates the Sanskrit as “from the point of distinction5 .” However, the situation is more complicated because gnas skabs is a possible translation of various Sanskrit words, but is most likely a translation of avasthā. Moreover, in terms of meaning, this Sanskrit “established” “by distinction” is ambiguous and difficult to understand. In fact, in the previous entry explaining “sound” has:
śabdavyavasthānaṃ lakṣaṇato ’nugrahopaghātataḥ hetu-prabhedato deśanā-prabhedato vyavahāra- prabhedataś ca/ (ASBh-ASG(1): 83)
sgra ni mtshan nyid dang/ phan gnod dang/ rgyus rab tu dbye ba dang/ bshad pas rab tu dbye ba dang/
tha snyad kyis rab tu dbye bas rnam par gzhag (bzhag P) go// (ASBh-Tib, D3b5-4a1, P4b1-6)
The establishment of the sound is [done] from [the viewpoint of] characteristics, benefit and harm, distinction by the cause, distinction by teaching, and distinction by verbal communication.
sgra ni mtshan nyid dang/ phan gnod dang/ rgyus rab tu dbye ba dang/ bshad pas rab tu dbye ba dang/
tha snyad kyis (kyi P) rab tu dbye ba’i (read bas) rnam par gzhag (bzhag P) go// (ASVy-Tib, D122a6, P149a8)
如是十一種聲。由五種因所建立。謂相故。損益故。因差別故。説差別故。言差別故。（ASVy- Chin, 696b4-6）
Here, the word prabheda is used in the second half of the compound, the first half of which has a noun, thereby revealing the distinction “of” or “by means of” what. If this is the case, then gnas skabs kyi sgo nas rab tu dbye bas can be assumed to be *avasthā-prabhedatas, which can be understood as “by the distinction of the states.” In fact, the explanation by ASBh of this (C) is understood as an explanation of “the distinction of the states.”
tatra sahajo gandhaś candanādīnām, sāṃyogiko dhūpayuktyādīnām, pāriṇāmikaḥ pakvaphalādīnām iti// (ASBh, ibid.)
Of these, the “innate” odor is [that] of sandal [tree] and the like. [Odor] “created by connection with [others]” is [that] of what arises from blending [different kinds of] perfume or incense and the like.
[Odor] “created by change” is [that] of ripened fruit and the like.
Incidentally, the word avasthāprabheda is found in the Madhyāntavibhāga (Nagao, ed., 57.3) among others.
However, there are some drawbacks to this assumption. First of all, based on this assumption, sgo nas would be considered to be a decomposition of the compound in the Tibetan translation, but this word is often translated as -mukhena, -dvāreṇa in Ye shes sde’s translation of AS and ASBh (eg. sgo nas (ASBh-Tib, D2b3), -mukhena (ASBh-ASG(1), 64); sgo nas (ASBh-Tib, D12b4), -dvāreṇa (ASBh-Tatia, 15.20). Moreover, the first part of the compound (-prabheda) is simply translated as the instrumental case, as indicated by the underline. So if we assume the underlying Sanskrit of the ASBh-Tib in line with this, it can be:
*gandhavyavasthānaṃ {sva}lakṣaṇato ’nugrahopaghātato ’vasthā-mukhena/dvāreṇa prabhedataś ca/
(This assumption makes full use of the current Sanskrit text)
*gandhavyavasthānaṃ {sva}lakṣaṇānugrahopaghātāvasthā-mukhena/dvāreṇa prabhedataḥ/ (This assumption would be more natural for a Sanskrit sentence. However, if that were the case, the meaning
would be “the setting/establishment of odor is based on the distinction by characteristics, benefit and harm, and state.”
Both of these would seem to be unnatural for a Sanskrit text, and their meanings are difficult to follow. In contrast, the author’s assumption of the Sanskrit underlying ASBh-Tib (cited below again) and its translation are as follows.
dri ni (A) {rang gi} mtshan nyid dang/ (B) phan gnod dang/ (dang/] P; dang D) (C) gnas skabs kyi sgo nas rab tu dbye bas rnam par gzhag (gzhag] D; bzhag P) go//
*gandhavyavasthānaṃ (A) {sva}lakṣaṇato (B) ’nugrahopaghātato (C) ’vasthāprabhedataś ca//
The establishment of odor is from the viewpoint of characteristics, benefit and harm, and the distinction of/due to the state (avasthā).
However, I have to admit that as a further difficulty, Xuanzang’s translation also says simply “差別故, due to distinction” (see above ASVy-Chin), and that this assumption is not supported by the Sanskrit of ASBh and ASVy (if there is avasthā-, would Xuanzang translate it as “位差別故”?). Nevertheless, it is certain that at least ASBh-Tib suggests the existence of a meaningful variant to ASBh-Sk.
2. vimalanā/vimālanā
2.1. vimalanā or vimālanāThe following is a definition of the word śāṭhya, “dissimulation” in AS (see BK II, 124-125). The word I will discuss here is vimalanā/vimālanā and its translations.
śāṭhyaṃ katamat/ lābhasatkārādhyavasitasya rāgamohāṃśikā bhūtadoṣavimalanā*
samyagavavādalābhaparipanthakarmakam**// (ASG(3), 36; AS-Gokhale, 17, 23-24)
*: -vimalanā] ASG(ASVy-Ms); -vimālanā AS-Ms
**: -karmakam] ASG(ASVy-Ms); -karam AS-Ms
What is dissimulation? It is the vimalanā of actually existent (bhūta) faults, [the vimalanā] which exists for those who are attached to obtainment and reverence, a part of greed and ignorance. It functions to block/obstruct the obtainment of proper instruction.
何等爲諂。謂耽著利養貪癡一分。矯設方便隱實過惡爲體。障正教授爲業。(AS-Chin, 665a15-16) g-yo gang zhe na/ rnyed pa dang/ (dang D) bkur sti la lhag par chags nas/ ’dod chags dang/ (dang D) gti mug gi char gtogs pas nyes pa yang dag par skyong (skyo P) ba ste/ yang dag pa’i gdams ngag rnyed pa’i bar du gcod pa’i las can no// (AS-Tib, D ri 50b7-51a1, P li 58b4-5)
AS in ASVy:
g-yo gang/ (gang D) rnyed pa dang bkur sti’i dbang gis (gis/ D) ’dod chags dang gti mug gi cha shas su gyur pa nyes pa yang dag par skyong (skyo P) ba ste/ yang dag pa’i gdams ngag rnyed pa’i bar du gcod pa’i las can no// (ASVy-Tib, D li 129a2-4, P shi 157a6-8)
On bhūtadoṣa-vimālanā/vimalanā, ASBh comments as follows:
bhūtadoṣavimalanā* anyenānyasya pratisaraṇaṃ veditavyam/ (ASG(3), 36; ASBh-Tatia, 7, 19)
*: -vimalanā] ASG(ASVy-Ms); -vimālanā ASBh-Ms
“Vimalanā of actually existent (bhūta) faults” should be known to be the replacement of one thing by another.
nyes* pa yang dag par skyong ba zhes bya ba ni/ gzhan nas gzhan du bsgyur (sgyur D) bar rig par bya’o// (ASBh-Tib, D7a2-3, P8b2-3)
*: nyes] em.; nges DP6 ASBh in ASVy:
nyes pa yang dag par skyong ba ni/ (ni D) gzhan nas gzhan du bsgyur bar rig par bya’o// (ASVy-Tib, ibid.)
矯設方便隱實過惡。謂託餘事以避餘事。(ASVy-Chin, 699a13-14)
ASG rejects vimālanā in AS-Ms and ASBh-Ms and instead adopts vimalanā based on ASVy-Ms. Furthermore, they translated it as “隠すこと, to conceal” by referring to the Chinese translation of “隠, hide,” noting that the word vimalanā is not found in the dictionaries. They also note that in the Chinese translation, the word
“矯設方便” is added before the word “隠, hide.” Furthermore, they give an excellent translation, “すり替 える, to replace” for the difficult word pratisaraṇa that is found in ASBh’s commentary on the word vimalanā.
However, the word vimalanā is discussed by F. Edgerton in his BHSD (s.v., vimalanā), explaining it as
“vimalanā (to Skt. vimalayati plus -ana), purification: Mvy 7543 = Tib. sbyong ba” and this explanation seems to be reasonable. In addition, as Yoshimoto (1973) and ASG have already noted, 諂 differs from 覆 and is not simply a matter of concealing a fault. Thus, in this context, vimalanā would mean to “patch up,”
“gloss over,” “cover up,” and so on7. Moreover, although an edition of the Mahāvyutpatti (Mvy): Mvy(IF), 7499 lists only vimalanā, another edition Mvy(S) notes that there is an another reading, vimālanā, which is actually found in the Derge edition (co 107a5). If this is the case, it is possible that vimālanā could be retained in AS-Ms and ASBh-Ms.
2.2. skyong ba
It is true that the Tibetan skyong ba (in AS(D), ASBh(DP), and AS in ASVy(D); skyo ba in AS(P) and AS in ASVy(P)) can be translated as “to protect.” Thus, Yoshimoto points out that the Tibetan translator may have read vimālanā as vipālanā. This is an astute point. However, given that vimālanā is not only found in AS-Ms and ASBh-Ms but the similar form vimalanā is attested in ASVy-Ms (according to Li), Mvy has confirmed both usages together with its Tibetan translation sbyong ba, and Edgerton has found a reasonable meaning for it (“purification”), it is plausible that skyong ba, �ོང་བ་ might be a transmissional error for sbyong ba, �ོང་བ་ (to clean) due to similarities in the word forms in Tibetan8.
Incidentally, the phrase nyes pa yang dag par skyong ba is a translation of bhūtadoṣa-vimalanā/vimālanā, but how to read it by itself is problematic. Yoshimoto, 95 translates it as “[to] defend fault as truth過失を真 実であると弁護する,” but if we take yang dag pa as an adjective that qualifies the noun nyes pa and -r as an accusative, we can interpret it as “to skyong the actual[ly existent] fault.9” However, in normal Tibetan, the phrase should be something like *yang dag pa’i nyes pa skyong ba.
2.3. 矯設方便
As noted in previous studies, in the Chinese translation, the phrase 矯設方便jiǎoshè fāngbiàn is put before 隠, which is regarded as an addition by the translator Xuanzang. This phrase is found in several texts
by the same translator (e.g., YBh-Chin (T30.385c)10. It is noteworthy that the地婆訶羅Divākara’ Chinese translation of PSVi of this term also includes this word矯設方便 before 隱11. Each word could mean 矯 falsify, 設 arrange, and 方便 means, although taken together this phrase could be a translation of several different Sanskrit words meaning “cheating,” “trickery,” and so on.12 Here, I would like to point out that the origin of Xuanzang’s addition of this word in AS-Chin is from the same translator’s translation of the same word, śāṭhya, in the AKBh, although it is not an exact match. The following is basically a citation from BK VI, 93.
cittakauṭilyaṃ śāṭhyaṃ yena yathābhūtaṃ nāviṣkaroti vikṣipaty aparisphuṭaṃ vā pratipadyate/
(Abhidharmakośabhāṣya of Vasubandhu ed. by Pradhan, 1967, 313, 13-14, Chap.V v.49cd)
Dissimulation is a crookedness of the mind, which causes one not to show things as they are, to distort them, or to explain them unclearly.
〔Xuanzang〕: 諂謂心曲，由此不能如實自顯，或矯非撥，或設方便，令解不明。 （T no. 1558,
vol. 29.109c12-13）
〔Zhendi〕: 心邪曲名諂曲。此惑不能如實顯自意，作方便爲避，不分明信受。（T no. 1559, vol.
29.263a5-6）
g-yo ni sems gyi gyu ba ste/ gang gis yang dag pa ji lta ba bzhin (gzhan P) mi ’chags kyi gtam rlung skur (bskur D) ba’am mi gsal bar byed pa’o//（AKBh-Tib, D ku 250b5, P gu 293b3-4）
The similar phrase 或矯非撥，或設方便 here is a translation of vikṣipati, which BK VI translates as “distort [them/things].” This does not mean that the word vikṣipati was in the AS-Skt that AS-Chin was looking at, but rather that Xuanzang supplemented AS-Chin based on the above similar passage in AKBh. 矯設方便隠 in AS-Chin seems to mean not just a matter of hiding, but of actively covering up negligence by some means or another, which conveys well the meaning of vimalanā/vimālanā, “purification” or “patch up,” “gloss over,”
“cover up.” As a whole, 矯設方便隱實過惡 could be translated as “to hide 隱 actually existent faults 實 過惡 by falsely 矯 setting up 設 means 方便,” or “to cover up 矯設方便隱 the really existent faults 實 過惡.”
In addition, this point may provide a further perspective on Xuanzang’s translation style. Looking at the materials listed in BK II, it is known that Xuanzang’s translation contains supplements and on the like from another translation by himself. We will have to study this in more detail, but for now we will point it out as an example.
3. Nyi ma’s revision of AS-Tib and ASBh-Tib
In this section, I would like to illustrate the characteristics of ASVy-Tib. As previous studies have pointed out, ASVy is a translation or a revision by Nyi ma, and it is not of good quality.13
The following is an explanation of ASBh for vicāra.
(i) pratyavekṣaṇākārā manaso ’bhijalpanā ’nuvicāra iti/
(ii) tāv eva vitarkavicārau saṃbadhyete, audārikasūkṣmavyavasthānād anayoḥ/ (ASBh-Tatia, 9, 1-3;
BK II, 181)
(i) so sor rtog pa’i rnam pa ni dpyod (spyod D) pa’o// (ASBh-Tib, D8a4, P9b7)) (ii) φ
(AS and) ASBh in ASVy-Tib:
(i) so sor rtog pa’i rnam par yid kyis mngon par brjod pas so//*
(reg par gnas pa dang/ reg par mi gnas pa ’byung ba’i rten gyi las can no//)
(ii) de nyid ni rnam par rtog pa dang rnam par dpyod pa dang (dang/ P) ’brel ba’i phyir rtsing ba dang/
zhib pa’i gnas skabs la sogs pa’o// (ASVy-Tib, D131a4, BK II, 181) ASVy-Sk(Li 2016: 230):
(i) pratyavekṣaṇākārā manaso ’bhijalpanā/ (ASBh) (sparśāsparśavihārasanniśrayadānakarmakau/ (AS))
(ii) tāv eva vitarkavicārau saṃbadhyete, audārikasūkṣmavyavasthānād anayoḥ/ (ASBh)
As suggested by ASG(4), (i) should be emended to *pratyavekṣaṇākārā tu vicāra iti// (Analytical thinking (vicāra), on the other hand (tu), is the [mental speech, manaso ’bhijalpanā] that has the form of investigation (cf. the explanation on vitarka, thinking, which is paired with this and appears immediately before this vicāra in ASBh. It runs paryeṣaṇākārā manaso ’bhijalpanā vitarkaḥ/ (Thinking (vitarka) is the mental speech (manaso ’bhijalpanā) that has the form of searching. (BK II, 177))14. Incidentally, the translations of ASVy- Tib and ASBh-Tib for the passage (i) are different, but the Sanskrit underlying the former's clumsy translation can be seen to be the same as ASVy-Sk. It should be noted, for the sake of later discussion, that the ASVy- Tib agrees well with the ASVy-Sk, including the insertion of a sentence of AS between (i) and (ii). However, what I would like to focus on is (ii).
Oddly enough, (ii) is not translated in the ASBh-Tib. In contrast, in ASVy, a sentence from AS (explaining the function of vitarka and vicāra) is placed, followed by the translation for (ii). This translation is problematic. The meaning of the Sanskrit is as follows: precisely these two, vitarka and vicāra, are connected because they are established as [something] gross and subtle/established by grossness and subtleness [respectively]. This is a statement that vitarka is the coarseness of the mind, whereas vicāra is the fineness of the mind, so they are related (paired). In contrast, the Tibetan translation is syntactically bankrupt:
(ii) de nyid ni rnam par rtog pa dang rnam par dpyod pa dang (dang/ P) ’brel ba’i phyir rtsing ba dang/
zhib pa’i gnas skabs la sogs pa’o//
“Precisely this is/these [two] are (de nyid ni) gross and subtle states (gnas skabs) etc. (la sogs pa’o), because (phyir) [this is/these [two] are] connected with vitarka and vicāra).
Here, de nyid ni is not an impossible translation of tāv eva (nyid could be an error for gnyis, two?). The word gnas skabs rather reminds me of avasthā[na], but it is not impossible as a translation of vyavasthāna, and it is also possible that the Sanskrit that Nyi ma consulted differed from that of the current ASVy-Sk. In addition, the translation of vitarka and vicāra as rnam par rtog pa and rnam par dpyod pa is a frequent phenomenon in the translation style favored by Nyi ma, which faithfully or rather excessively translates the Sanskrit prefix15.
However, the presence of the words phyir and la sogs pa (’o) renders the sentence syntactically broken16. Of course, the possibility that the Sanskrit version was different should be taken into account. However, I think this is unlikely because there are similar sentences in Sthiramati’s PSVi and TrBh that may be based on ASBh, as follows17.
anayoś caudārikasūkṣmavyavasthānāt pṛthakkaraṇam// (PSVi-Skt, 74.3-4, Kramer 2015: 347)
’di gnyis ni sems (*citta-) rtsing ba dang zhib par rnam par gnas pa (read pas?) tha dad du dbye’o//
(PSVi-Tib(BK II, 182))
anayoś caudārikasūkṣmatayā vyavasthāpanāt pṛthakkaraṇam/ (TrBh-Sk, 100.4-5, BK II, 183)
’di gnyis ni rtsing ba dang zhib par rnam par gnas pas tha dad du dbye’o (dbye’o] P; dbye ba’o D)//
(TrBh-Tib, 101.6-7)
Furthermore (ca), the separation of these two [i.e., vitarka and vicāra] is through the establishment [of the each] as grossness and subtleness [of the mind, in due order].
The fact that vitarka and vicāra are a pair means that they are both similar and different, so the above is just stating the same thing as ASBh (but in reverse) and the syntax is similar. Thus, we can obtain three substantially identical contents concerning the relationship between vitarka and vicāra, and we can conclude that the above unique reading in ASVy-Tib is another misreading of Sanskrit by Nyi ma, rather than concluding that the Sanskrit Nyi ma consulted was different. Then, how did Nyi ma get it wrong? First of all, the phyir might be due to the incorrect reading or detection of iti at the end of saṃbadhyete, whereas la sogs pa(’o) (and so on) might be due to the detection of ādi (*ādayoḥ/ādayaḥ), meaning and so on, in vyavasthānādanayoḥ (I have shown the text without cutting the samdhi, euphonic chain)18.
This shows how problematic Nyi ma’s own translation of the text (i.e., where AS-Tib and ASBh-Tib by Ye shes sde do not exist) is, not only at the word level, but also at the syntactic level19. However, with regard to the parts that exist in AS-Tib and ASBh-Tib, the syntactic understanding of ASVy-Tib is almost the same as in the former two (although the translation of the words may make it slightly hard to read or, in rare cases, may even improve the understanding). This is one piece of evidence that ASVy-Tib is a revision based on AS-Tib and ASBh-Tib.
Conclusion
In this paper, I have reviewed three passages from AS and the related literature and conducted a study of the vocabulary. In lieu of a conclusion, I would like to reiterate corrections and revisions to the existing readings of the texts obtained in this paper.
1.1 In the definition of gandha in AS, <samagandho vā> should be inserted after durgandho vā.
1.2. There is a possibility that in the explanation of the term gandha, the Sanskrit of ASBh-Tib had ’vasthāprabhedataś instead of prabhedataś in the current manuscripts.
2. The word vimalanā found in the definition of śāṭhya in AS means “purification” or more precisely
“patch up,” or “gloss over” [one’s faults].
3. An investigation of the translation of the explanation of vicāra in the part of ASBh-Sk that corresponds to ASVy-Tib suggests that ASVy-Tib is basically and substantially a revision of AS-Tib and ASBh-Tib made after consulting ASVy-Sk, rather than his own translation made without reference to AS-Tib and ASBh-Tib, except for the parts that were not translated in the first two.
Because each text and the circumstances of its creation is unique, there is no general methodology for handling texts. The best way to deal with them can only be determined inductively, based on a thorough understanding of the uniqueness of each source. This paper merely presents the author’s suggestions for
corrections or understanding of some words and sentences in AS and related texts from what he considers to be a reasonable point of view given the information presently available. However, a more thorough and precise study of the text is clearly warranted.
Appendix I: Textcritical Remarks on the BK II
Explanatory NotesThe following are textcritical remarks on BK II.
・The page numbers, abbreviations, and number of lines in the text are noted in that order.
・The text abbreviations follow BK II, but the following is used only in this paper. JP: Japanese translation in BK II.
・The line number from the bottom of the text is indicated, such as “b2” (meaning the second line from the bottom).
・x > y: Correct the original x to y.
・em.: emended.
・A semicolon (;) indicates the change in the point.
・In the Tibetan translation, when adopting a different reading in the footnote is necessary, only the text abbreviation and footnote number are given, for instance, “AS(t), 1).” However, since footnotes are often in only one place on the same page, the abbreviation may be omitted, and only the note number is provided after the page number.
・I enclosed the rationale for the correction, such as the corresponding Sanskrit and previous studies, in parentheses () as appropriate. However, several corrections are made at the author’s discretion, and the author may have overlooked several points in previous studies.
・If a different reading of “P” or “D” is omitted from the text, the manner in which the text and footnotes must be written is indicated. For instance,
74: AS(t), 1: lus > lung (D; fn. lus P)
means: for the first line of the Tibetan translation (t) of AS on page 74 of BK II, the text has “lus,” and no footnote is given for variant reading. However, there is a reading lung in D, which must be adopted in the text, and “lus P” must be written in the footnote (fn.).
・The less important corrections are enclosed in {}.
・I do not note variant readings with no effect on the meaning, such as gemination and nasalization.
・BK II adopts a policy of not revising the existing text but rather only presenting the location of the problematic part in italics followed by “sic.” Meanwhile, in the following, I have also suggested specific corrections. Example: 18: mananākhyāṃ (sic.) > mananākhyaṃ.
・For Chinese translations, only serious errors in the punctuation of technical terms are noted.
・ba ’am or ba’am etc. must be standardized accordingly. I will not point it out every time.
・The decision whether to take pa or ba in a word was based on Jäschke’s dictionary (sometimes, this level of variant reading is difficult to distinguish because of the faintness of the printed text, and this is one way to avoid noting it).
・For some difficult problems, such as whether a word is understood as a compound, each series of BKs sometimes shows a different understanding, for example, yan niścite (BK II, 46); yan-niścite (BK V, 24). In this proposed correction, I followed the understanding of BK II. The same applies when a large difference exists between AS or ASBh and ASVy.
・The proposed corrections are for each source within the scope of BK II but include corrections to the sources themselves (i.e., editions or translations) and to the BK II–cited texts. The latter are typos by BK II and marked as “(our typo[s])” when indicated. As one of the co-editors, I apologize to all concerned for our citation error.
14: JP, 5: そしてそれは～である＞〔そして〕また～でもある。（cf. p.17），意謂＞意。謂；地又＞
地。又; {AS: 2, 3: py > 'py;} AS(t): 1)
15: Rahula, 2: vjñānālambana > vijñānālambana; b2: auss: > aussi 16: JP, 3: 愚昧、 > 愚昧・
17: PSVi: 2)
18: TrBh, 1: mananākhyāṃ (sic.) > mananākhyaṃ; b2: kiṃ svabhāvam (sic.) > kiṃsvabhāvam
19: JP, 3: ｛その潜在印象＞それらの潜在印象（tad=蘊・処・界）｝, AS(t), 1: phun po > phung po; 1);
Boin-Webb, b1: tad vā- > tadvā- (em.)
20: Rahula, b1: tad vā- > tadvā- (em.); ASBh, b1: -cittatvāt (sic.) > -citatvāt; ASVy, b5: gnyid > nyid (DP);
b3: pas > pas (P; fn. pa'i D); b2: nyid > nying (DP)
21: JP, 5: なぜならば～生じるからである＞それ（＝アーラヤ識）に基づいて～生じる; PS, b3: -
āpekṣaṃ > -āpekṣāṃ (PSVi); PS(t), b1: {med pa ba > med pa pa}
22: PS, 3: kun gzhi rnam par shes pa de nyid > kun gzhi rnam par shes pa nyid (em., cf. ālayavijñānatvaṃ) 23: PSVi, 12: gsos ba > gsos pa; b2: rgyen > rkyen (DP); 2); TrBh, 4: vālīyate (sic.) upanibadhyate > vālīyante upanibadhyante (our typos); vālīyate (sic.) > vālīyate (Cf. Schmithausen 2014, 136)
24: ASBh, 2: mana(ḥ)saṃskāralābhīty > manaskāralābhīty (ASG(ASVy))
25: ASVy, 2: gtod par bya'o > gtod par rig par bya'o (D; fn. gtod par bya'o P); Engle: attaintion > attention (twice, our typos); the bending > The bending (our typo)
26: TrBh, 1: -krīyate > -kriyate (Lévi)
28: ASVy, 1: yongs > yongs su (D; fn. yongs P)
29: PSVi, b1: gzungs so > gsungs so (DP); {1) (cf. -bhāvena)}
30: {1)}
31: ASVy, 4: rjas su > rjes su (DP) 32: Engle, 2: your > you (our typo) 33: PSVi: 1), 2), 3), {7)}
33.TrBh, 6: karmāṇāṃ > karmaṇāṃ (Lévi)
34: JP, 1: 表象の特徴は何かというと、まとまったものとして知るという特徴であって > 表象は
何を特徴とするのかというと、まとまったものとして知ることを特徴とするのであって 35: ASVy, {1: shes pas > shes pa'i (em.); 5: rna ba'i > rna bas (em.)}; 1), 7)
36: PSVi, {b1: po 'o > po'o}; YBh: (?) > delete; TrBh, 1: saṃjñāṃ > saṃjñā (our typo) 38: 2)
37: Rahula, b1: ? > .
39: PSVi, 5: mdo > ma do (DP) 40: TrBh, 1: cetasaḥ > cetasaḥ 41: AS(t): 2)
42: PSVi, 1: la la > la (DP); b1: ba'i > pa'i (DP);
43: 2) (abhipretagrahaṇam), 3), 6); YBh, 1: yadīpsite > yad īpsite (cf. p. 46 etc. However, cf. BK V) 45: ASVy: 1, 2: lar > ltar (DP); 1), 2), 3)
46: PSVi, 3: rig > rigs (D; fn. rig P); lung gi > lung gis (em., cf. PSVi: yuktita āptopadeśād vā); 1), 2) 48: ASVy, 2: 'dis pa'i > 'dris pa'i (DP)
50: JP, 1: 考察した＞考察されるべき（cf. p. 51）; Rahula, 1-2: cittasyaikagratā > cittasyaikāgratā 51: ASVy, 3: phyr ro > phyir ro (DP); 1)
52: PSVi, 5: {du/ > du}; 4), 5), 7) 53: 1) (cf. p. 54)
54: ASVy: 1), 2)
55: PSVi: 2) (saṅkīrṇa); b3: rig > rigs (DP); b1: pa na > pa ni (D; fn. pa na P)
55: PSVi, b1: pa na > pa ni (D; fn. pa na P); YBh, 1: dharmāṇā (sic.) > dharmāṇāṃ (BK V(YBh-Ms));
pravicayo > pravicayaḥ/ (YBh-Ms; cf. pravicayo BK V); {nāyogavihitataḥ (cf. vā nāyogavihitattas (sic.) BK V)}; -pracāra- > -pracāre (em., cf. 於戯論); {TrBh, 5: /tat- > / tat-; b2: /eṣā > / eṣā}
56: Rahula, 3: guṇavatna > guṇavattva
57: ASBh, 1: guṇatve > guṇavattve (ASG(ASVy)); ASVy, 2: rang > dang (DP); 3: yong > yon (DP)
58: PSVi, 2: zhe > zhes (DP); 3: sems pa > sems (DP); b3: bya ba'i > bya'i (P; fn. bya'o// D); b1: 'rten > rten (DP); 2), 3), 4) (rnyog ma > rnyog pa (D; cf. one line above)), 6) bya ba'i > bya'i (em., bya'o// D; bya ba'i P) 59: 3); AS, 2: -karmakaḥ > -karmakaṃ (ASG(ASVy))
60: ASBh, 1-2: ity evamādisūtrapadāni > ity etāni sūtrapadāni (ASVy-Ms(acc. to ASG), ASVy-Tib, ASBh- Tib. Cf. ityevamādisūtrapadāni (sic., ASG(based on ASBh-Ms)); 3: maulaṃ praveśaḥ > maulapraveśaḥ (ASG(ASVy))
ASVy, 4: brtson ba > brtson pa (DP); b2: yongs su rdzog > yongs su rdzogs (DP); D li 125a > D li 125b; 1), 2), 3)
61: PSVi, 1: dge la > dge ba la (D; fn. dge la P); 1), 4), 5) 63: PS(t), 1: zhes > zhe (DP)
64: PSVi, 2: 'jugs > 'jug (DP); 4: rnams par > rnam par (DP); tho ste > tho ba ste (D; fn. tho ste P) 65: 2)
67: PSVi, 1: byed te > byas te (DP); 3: zhe > zhes (DP): TrBh: caivaṃ karmāṇaṃ > caivaṃkarmāṇaṃ (Lévi.
Cf. PSVi)
69: ASVy, 1: nye bar > nyes par (em., cf. duścarita-); PSVi, 1: ma chags (sic.) > ma 73: āghataḥ (sic.) > āghātaḥ
74: AS(t), 1: lus > lung (D; fn. lus P)
75: ASBh, 1: delete this and insert the commentary in ASBh (ASG(2), 74), Tatia 5.13-14); ASVy, 2: nyes bar
> nyes par (DP); Insert the following at the end of the citation: skye bas thob pa dang/ thos bsams las byung ba dang/ bsgoms pa las byung ba ni go rims (rim P) bzhin du rnam par smin pa dang/ lung dang/ (dang P) rtogs pa'i shes par rig par bya'o// brtan (brten D) pa dang 'brel ba'i shes rab ni so sor brtags pa'o//; P shi 153b6
> P shi 153b8; 2); PS(t): 1)
76: PSVi, b2: {rtogs pa'i (DP) > rtogs pa'o (em.)}; 2), 3)
79: PSVi: {1)}, 2); TrBh, 2: tad apagame > tadapagame (our typo) 80: JP, 3: 円満 ＞ 充足（cf. p. 59）
84: 2) (cf. p. 85: ASVy, 3, b2)
85: ASVy, 2: {dang/ mi mthun pa > dang mi mthung pa/}; 5: mnyam ba > mnyam pa; b2: rnal du 'jug pa >
rnal du 'dug pa (em., cf. ibid., 3); 2)
87: 1); TrBh, 3: -aprayatvena > -aprayatnena (Lévi)
88: AS, 1: adveṣaikāṃśikā > adveṣāṃśikā (ASG(ASVy)); karuṇatā > kāruṇyacittatā (ASG(ASVy)); Rahula,
avihisā > avihiṃsā
89: ASVy,1: gus > gud (D; fn. gus P)
89-90: D shi 215a > D shi 216a; TrBh, 3: -kārmikā > -karmikā (our typo) 91: AS: adopt the reading in JP
93: PSVi, b5 b1: phir > phyir (DP); b2: sdug bsgal > sdug bsngal (DP); b1: 'grub ba > 'grub pa (DP); 4) (durvivecyaḥ; dbyung ba > 'byin pa), 5), 6); TrBh, 2: abhinivṛtteḥ > abhinirvṛtteḥ (our typo)
95: ASVy, 2: nyes bar > nyes par (DP)
96: 2), 3), 5), 6); TrBh, b3: 'sparśavihāro > 'sya vihāro (em., cf. TrBh-Tib: de'i ... gnas par. Cf. also PSVi-Sk and Tib. Buescher's fn. 14 reports that K reads 'spavihāro. However, K should be seen as confusing y with p.
99: PSVi, 2: rten nas > brten nas (D; fn. rten nas P); 4: rlam > rlom (DP); 6: lus dang dag > lus dang ngag (D;
fn. lus dang dag P); TrBh, 5: apraśrititā > apraśritatā (Lévi (-śṛ-), Ms., etc.) 100: TrBh, 1: cittasyonnati- > cittonnati- (Lévi)
102: ASVy, 3: {nyon mongs pas byung ba > nyon mongs pa 'byung ba (em., cf. AS-Tib)}
103: PSVi, 3: nyon mongs pa dang gzhan > nyon mongs pa gzhan (D; fn. nyon mongs pa dang gzhan P.
anyakleśa-); 4: pa'i > pa ni (D); 3); 1), 3); TrBh, 1: -pratiṣṭhāpākeṣu > -pratiṣṭhāpakeṣu (Lévi, Ms., thob par byed pa)
104: ratneṣu (sic.) > satyeṣu vimatī ratneṣu vimatiḥ (ASG(3), 35, fn. 22) 105: ASVy ji ltar rig par ro > ji ltar rigs par ro (em., yathāyogam)
106: PSVi, 2: zhes bas > zhes bya bas (DP); bsdu'obsdu'o/ > bsdu'o (P; fn. bsdu'o// D); Add a sentence to PSVi.
107: PS(t), 2: tshul grims > tshul khrims (DP)
108: 1) ('jig rten pa'i yang dag par lta ba la sogs pa yang lta ba thal bar 'gyur bas (*laukikīsaṃyagdṛṣṭyāder api dṛṣṭiprasaṅge) D; 'jig rten pa'i yang dag par lta ba thal bar 'gyur bas (*laukikīsaṃyagdṛṣṭiprasaṅge) P; cf.
laukikīsaṃyagdṛṣṭyādiprasaṅge PSVi=*'jig rten pa'i yang dag par lta ba la sogs pa thal bar 'gyur bas. Cf. TrBh, 3)
111: PSVi, {1: gi// > gi/ (D; fn. gi// P);} 4: brtags > btags (D; fn. brtags P); {5: nyid de > nyid de/ (D; fn. nyid de P);} b1: zhes > zhes; TrBh, b2: daṇḍadānādi- > daṇḍādānādi (em., TrBh-Tib: chad pas gcod pa; PSVi-Sk, Tib: dbyug pa len pa, AS-Sk, Tib: chad pas gcod pa; cf. YBh-Sk, Tib: dbyig pa thogs pa, 執持器杖) 112: AS, 1: -syā 'nut- > -syā'nut-
113: ASVy, 1: len > len (P; fn. lan D)
114: PSVi, 1: 'dis1) bdag la gnod pa 'dis > 'dis bdag la gnod pa 'dis1); 2: gtor ba rgyun tu > gtong bar rgyun du (D; fn. gtor ba rgyun tu P); 1), 2), 4), 5), 6)
115: 1), 2)
116: (ASBh: pratyakṣaravāditā20); JP, 1: 者のあり様である＞ことである（cf. p. 122）；2); D li 128b5-6
> D li 128b5-7
117: TrBh, b2: asparsa(sic.)- > asparśa-; b1: duḥkhasaṃvāsatvāt > duḥsaṃvāsatvāt (em., PSVi-Sk, Tib = TrBh-Tib: 'grogs par dka' ba'i phyir ro//)
118: AS(t), 1: {pas/ > pa/ (emend and delete 2))}; 1) 119: 1), 2)
120: PSVi, 1: 'jig > 'jigs (D; 'jig P); 3: kha na ma tho > kha na ma tho ba (D; fn. kha na ma tho P); 3) (tiraskṛtya=bsal), 6); TrBh, 3: -ākaratvāt > -ākāratvāt (our typo)
121: 1), 2)
122: 3); {PS, 1: -natā > -natā/ (our typo)}
123: 3) (gshan > gzhan), 4)
124: AS, 2: -karam > -karmakam (ASG(ASVy)); 3) 125: 3)
127: JP, 1-2: 病がなく、あるいは若くして、長寿者の特徴、あるいは何らか一つの有漏の成功を認
識した後にある＞無病もしくは若さに関して（依拠して、āgamya）、あるいは、長寿者の特徴もし くは何らか一つの有漏の成功を認識した後にある
126: PSVi: 1), 3), 6)
128: ASBh, 3: nāndī- > nandī- (em.); ASVy, 5: tshel > tshe la (DP); 1), 2); PS: 染着する人の＞染着する 人にある（cf. other terms）
129: PSVi, 1: bar du dga' ba > rab tu dga' ba (em., cf. 4); 3: tshogs tu > mchog tu (em.); 6: du byed du byed
> du byed; b3: {'dir ni > 'di ni (em.)}; 'dor na > mdor na (D); 1); TrBh, 2: -prakarśaḥ > -prakarṣaḥ (Lévi); 3:
-krīyate > -kriyate (Lévi); 3: tadātmatantrī- > tad ātmatantrī- (em., tad=citta)
131: PS, 1: mtshams ba'o > mtshams pa'o (em); 傷つけるもの＞傷つけること（cf. other terms） 132: 1), 2), 3): TrBh, 1: vivdhair > vividhair (our typo)
133: 過ごさせる＞過ごす（cf. other terms） 134: 2)
135: PSVi, 4-7 (zin pa'i ... bya'o) > delete
137: ASBh, 1: mātsaryeṇā- > mātsaryeṇā-; ASVy, 1)
138: PSVi: insert PSVi, 4-7 (zin pa'i ... bya'o) before rnyed pa dang ...; {b2: pa 'am > pa'am}
139: {1)}
140: ASVy, 2: 'dzam > 'dzem (DP); PS-Tib: 1)
141: PSVi, 1: ngo tsha med pa ni > ngo tsha med pa ni; 1: pa'i ngo tsha med > delete (D; fn. P ins pa'i ngo tsha med); 2: skyad > skad (DP); 3: bya ba > bya ba de (D; fn. bya ba P); P hi 37a > P hi 36a; TrBh, 1:
karmaṇyātmānam > karmaṇy ātmānam (em., cf. PSVi); 2-4 (anapa- ... -karmakam/) > delete.
{142: 1)}
143: 1)
144: TrBh, 1-2 (āhrīkyaṃ ... -bhūtam/) > delete 145: 1)
146: 1)
147: PSVi, 1: yong > yon (DP); 1)
150: PSVi, 1: gnyes > snyes (em., fn. gnyes P; gnyid D. Cf. AS, ASVy-Tib); 2); TrBh, 1: nidra- > nidrā- (Lévi); 2: 'nabhutsāhaḥ (sic.) > 'nabhyutsāhaḥ (Lévi)
151: AS(Ch): 憎 ＞ 増 {154: 1)}
156: 1) ~ 5); TrBh, 3: -sahāyya- > -sāhāyya- (Lévi)
158: ASVy, 1: sems 'byung > sems byung (D; fn. sems 'byung P) 159: 2)
160: 1) 162: 1) muṣit
163: AS: adopt the reading of the manuscript referred to in JP. AS(t), 2: sbyod > spyod (DP); 1) 164: ASVy, 2: sbyod > spyod (DP); 2)
165: 2)
166: Delete ASVy, 2ff. or insert the Skt that corresponds to it into AS-Sk.
167: PS(t), 2: yod > yon (DP); {1)}
169: JP, 2: 不善も>不善でも; AS, 2: kuśalaḥ, akuśalaḥ, avyākṛtaḥ > kuśalaṃ, akuśalaṃ, avyākṛtaṃ (ASVy.
Cf. definition of kaukṛtya; cf. kuśalaḥ, akuśalaḥ, avyākṛtaḥ AS, ASG); 2: yukto vā ayukto vā > yuktaṃ vā ayuktaṃ vā (ASVy; cf. yukto vā ayukto vā AS, ASG); 3: -karmakaḥ > -karmakaṃ (ASG(ASVy))
170: Rahula, 3: dans > , dans?; ASBh, {2: sarvārambhāṇām (cf. sarvārambhāṇānām ASG)}; {b2: ayuktas tato 'nyaḥ > ayuktaṃ tato 'nyam (em.);} b1: -tavyaḥ > -tavyaṃ (ASBh-Ms, ASG(ASVy)); ASVy, 6: sdags > sngags (D; fn. sdags P); 1), 3), 4)
171: PSVi, 2: nyid > gnyid (em.); 4: nyid > gnyid (=D; fn. nyid P); 4: bdang > dbang (DP); 7: cha > cha shas (DP); b3: lus ltsi > lus lci (DP); 1) ~ 4)
172: TrBh, 1: asvatantravṛtticetaso > asvatantravṛttiś cetaso (em., cf. PSVi: anyato 'py asvatantrā vṛttiś cetaso bhavatīty ata āha – cetaso 'bhisaṃkṣepa iti. anyato 'py abhisakṣepaś cetasa ity asvatantravṛttiś cetasa ity āha.) 173: AS, 1: adopt the reading listed in JP, 1; 3: -kaḥ > -kaṃ (ASG(ASVy))
174: ASBh, 1: anabhi->abhi- (ASBh-Ms. Cf. Sakuma Index); 2: avaṣṭabhyakārya- avaṣṭabhya kārya- (em., cf. PSVi); ASVy, b3: {pa'i > pas (em.)}; 1), 6), 7), 8)
175: PSVi, 3: dge pa > dge ba (DP); 1), 2); Insert the next few lines of text.
177: ASVy, 2: sems ba > sems pa (DP); {3: go rim mo > go rim mo (P; fn. go rims so D)}; 8) (yid kyis, cf.
the first line)
178: Anacker: inicial > initial (our typo); PSVi, 3: yid kyis > yid kyi (D; fn. yid kyis P. Cf. l.1); 7: sems la >
sems pa la (em., cf. l.6, cetasoḥ); b2: tshe long > che long (DP, cf. sthūlatā); 7) (cf. l.b5: bar 'ga'); Insert a few lines at the end of the PSVi.
179: delete eṣa ca ... ucyate.
181: ASBh, 2: anyoḥ > anayoḥ (our typo); ASVy, 2: zhi ba'o > zhib pa'o (P; fn. zhi ba'o D); {3: go rim mo >
go rim mo (P; fn. go rims so D);} 5: de nyid > de gnyis (em., cf. tāv); b6-b1 > delete; 1), 8), 9); PS: 同様に
＞〔思考と〕同様に〔特殊な意思あるいは知である。他方、これは、〕（cf. PSVi: tathaiveti cetanāprajñāviśeṣaḥ.）
182: dpyod pa > brjod pa (em., cf. jalpa!)
185: Anacker, 1: sentien > sentient (our typo); Sangpo, 1: orgen > organ (our typo) 186: PSV, b1: gnyis ga > gnyis ka (D; fn. gnyis ga P); 1), 2)
{187: 1)}
188: PS: śbda- > śabda- (our typo)
191: Boin-Webb, 1: the the > the (our typo); ASVy, 1: ltse'i > lce'i (DP, in two places); 1) 193: {1)}, 2)
195: {2)};
196: ASVy, b6: do > dog; b5: rte! n > rten; b5: rgyun > rgyan (DP); b1: dngon por > sngon por (DP); {1), 3), 5) (do > dog), 11); YBh, 4: caika- > cāpy eka- (BK V(Ms)); b1: samiñjitaṃ > saṃmiñjitaṃ (Ms; cf. BHSD;
samiñjitaṃ; BK V); śayyābhikramo 'tikrama > śayyābhikramaḥ pratikrama (BK V(em.)) 198: PSVi, b3: skyes ba > skyes pa; P hi 6b7-7a2 > P hi 6b7-8b5
200: 2: gnyis ga > gnyis ka (D; fn. gnyis ga P); 3-4: gnyis ga > gnyis ka (D; fn. gnyis ga P); 7-8: dbye ba'i >
dbye bas (em.); 3), 4), 5)
202: PSVi, 1; rig > rigs (D; fn. rig P); 1: na/sgra > na/ sgra; b1: rda'i > rnga'i (D; fn. rda'i P); 2), 5), 6), 8) 204: ASBh: 1: svalakṣaṇato > lakṣaṇato (ASG); ASVy: 3: rab tu dbye ba > rab tu dbye bas (em.); {1)}, 3);
PS: {1)}
205: PSVi, 4: {tsandan > tsan dan}; 3)
207: ASBh, 1: svalakṣaṇato > lakṣaṇato (ASG); ASVy, 1: ltse'i > lce'i (DP): 1); Anacker, 2: stringent >
astringent (our typo)
208: PSVi, 1: ltse > lce; ltse'i > lce'i; 1), 3) 209: 3), 4) (cf. p. 210: ASVy, 5)
210: 2: ltse ba > lci ba (D; fn. lce ba P); 1), 2), 4), 7), 9) 'ded > 'dred (P), 10)
211: PSVi, b3: phogs > phyogs; Anacker, 1: tha > that; 2: elemnts > elements (our typos)
212: PSVi, b8: par ma > bar ma (DP); b4: gyis yul > gyi lus (D; fn. gyis lus P), 1), 7), 8); YBh: 2: ślakṣaṇatvaṃ
> ślakṣṇatvaṃ (our typo); 3: picchilaṃ (?) > picchilaṃ (delete (?). Cf. 'dred pa. Or, picchalaṃ, cf. ASBh ('gred (D); 'ded (P))); 4: jarva (?) > ūrjā (BK V)
213: 遍計所起。色＞遍計所起色。; AS, 1: de'i > de ni (D; fn. de'i P)
214: 1: 法処所摂。色＞法処所摂色。; b1: 法処。所摂色＞法処所摂色。
215: AS, 1: kuśalākuśalānāṃ > kuśalākuśalāvyākṛtānāṃ (ASG(ASVy-Ms, Tib, Chin, AS-Tib, Chin, ASBh- Tib)); -ṇāṃ sācay- > -ṇām ācay- (ASG(ASVy-Ms)); それは善あるいは不善の＞善、不善、〔善悪〕無記 の
216: ASBh, 3: samāgama > samanvāgama (ASG); ASVy, 1: thos (sic.) > thob (D; fn. thos P); 5: chung du >
chung ngu; {1)}, 3)
217: PSVi, 4: snyigs > snyegs (DP); b3: mnogn > mngon; 2), 3), 5)
220: ASBh, ity antaṃ > iyantaṃ (our typo): ; ASVy, 3: {mthun pa > mthun par (em.);} brgya 'am > brgya'am;
s[-]ong > stong (D; fn. s[-]ong P); 1), 2)
221: Anacker, 2: motivatingdispositions > motivating dispositions (our typo); PSVi, 2: 'du shes (sic.) > 'du byed (em.); 4: go/ > go//; 2), 3), 5), 6), 7); VinSg: 2)
222: {2)}
223: ASBh, 1: sattvānikāya > sattvanikāya (our typo); ASVy, 1: dang/ > dang (em,); 2: shes > zhes (DP); 1), 2)
224: PSVi, 3) (-bhedena); VinSg, 2: rigs mthun pa > ris mthun pa (em., cf. b1); 3: rang gzhin > rang bzhin (DP); 3: bod tshod > bong tshod (DP)
226: ASVy, 1: tho (sic.) > thob (D; fn. tho P); 1: la > la (P; fn. las D); P shi 161a8 > P shi 161b8 227: 1)
228: {離れていない者が＞離れていない者にある。Cf. p. 118｝Boin-Webb, 3: -caittasi- > -caitasi- (our typo)
229: ASVy, 3: bstan > brtan (em., cf. asthāvara); 6: 'du shes > 'byung ba'i 'du shes (em., cf. niḥsaraṇasaṃjñā);
6: than > thar (DP); b1: cas >ces (P); by'o > bya'o (DP); 1(, 2), 4), 6), 8), 9)
｛230: 者が＞者にある｝
230: PS, 2: mngon > sngon (em.)
231: 10: thar bar > thar par (P; fn. thar bar D); 12: byung > 'byung (DP); 17: bstan > brtan (em., fn. bstan P, brten D); 18: brten > brtan (em., cf. l.11); b4: kyis > kyi (D; fn. kyis P); 3) ~ 6), 8), 9), 11), 14)
233: bhavāgrāt calitasya > bhavāgrād uccalitasya; 2: insert tadekatyānāṃ ca sthāvarāṇāṃ before citta-(cf.
Chin, Tib, ASBh, PS etc.); 有頂暫息想。作意＞有頂。暫息想作意; Boin-Webb, 3: śāntivihāra >
śāntavihāra (our typo)
234: ASBh, 1: uparyavītarāgasyeti > upary avītarāgasyeti (em.); There is a gap in the citation range between ASBh and ASVy; ASVy, 1: skye mchad > skye mched (DP); b1: gyis > gyi (D; fn. gyis P); 1), 3)
235: PSVi, 2: ni > ni/ (D; fn. ni P)
236: PSVi, 1: dum > du ma (DP); 4: pas// > pas/ (D; fn. pas// P); 16: sdong du > sngon du (DP); 17: {ma yin gyi > ma yin gyi/ (em.)}; 17: sdong du btar > sngon du btang (DP); 19: gi// > gi/ (D; fn. gi// P); 26: 'jugs >
'jug (DP); 27: dnag > dang (DP)
237: PSVi, 1), 2), 9) (prahāṇād), 10), 12), 13), 14)
238: Boin-Webb, 2: nad > and (our typo); Rahula, {-satva > sattva}
239: ASBh: There is a problem with the scope of the ASBh citation.; ASVy, 1); PS(t), 3: dang > gang (Engle 379, fn. 53; cf. PS: yo, PSVi(t), TrBh(t) gang)
240: PSVi, b5: che sa > ches (DP); b4: spyor > sbyor (DP); 1), 2) 243: 1); PSVi, 3: sbrod > sprod
244: PSVi, 2: bo bsal par > bo brjod du med kyang gang gis rang gi ngo bo gsal bar (D; fn. bo bsal bar P. Cf.
PSVi: yenānabhilapyasvarūpāṇāṃ) 246: ASVy, 1); delete 5) ('dus DP)
247: PSVi, 7: kyi > ni (DP); VinSg: 2: brags > brag (DP); 2: brtams > brtsams (DP); 2) (or em., rnams shes) 248: AS(t): insert the following: brjod (rjod P) pa yang de yin te/ don yang dag par brjod (rjod P) pa'i phyir ro// yi ge ni (ge'i P) rnam grangs su gtogs pa gzhan du mi 'gyur bar byed pa'i phyir ro// (D ri 52b7-53a1) 249: ASBh, 1: evāvac > etāvac (our typo); 5: mukttvā > muktvā (ASG); {ASVy, 6: bzhag > bzhag (P; fn.
gzhag D}; 4), 7), 8)
250: AS(t): insert the following: brjod pa yang de dag yin te/ ming dang tshig la brten nas don brjod pa'i phyir ro// yi ge yang rnam grangs gzhan du mi 'gyur ba'i phyir ro//
251: PSVi, 3: bsdu pa'i > bsdu ba'i (DP); 4: spyor > sbyor (DP); 4: dogs > dogs (D; fn. dgos D); 4: zhes ba >
zhes bya ba (D; fn. zhes ba P); 6: tshigs la > tshig gsal (DP); 10: dag > ngag (DP); 14: 'dra ni > 'dren (DP, cf.
netra); 2), 4), 5), 9) (-antarair), 10 (nāma-); VinSg, 1: rten > rten (D; fn. brten D) 252: Rahula, 2: saṃskarāṇām > saṃskārāṇām (our typo)
253: ASVy, 2: rigs > ris (D; fn. rigs P, cf. l.1); 3: 'jigs > 'jig (D; fn. 'jigs P); 4: 'chags pa'i > 'chags pas (em., cf.
l.5); 4: bar du > rab tu (D; fn. bar du P); rang > nang (DP);
254: PSVi, 3: ma byung ba las byung ba la (D; fn. ma byung byung ba las P; delete 2); 5: rgyur pa > gyur pa (P; fn. 'gyur ba D. Cf. -bhūta); 6: gsal > bsal (D; fn. gsal P. Cf. nirāsa); b1: bya'o/ > bya'i/ (P; fn. bya'o// D);
2)
257: 1: 'srid > srid (DP); 4: rgyas > rgas (DP); b1: gyur pa > gyur pa (P; fn. 'gyur ba D); 1), 2) (cf. -bhāvo vācyaḥ. evaṃ ca prabandhānyathātve)
260: 1), 2)
262: ASVy, 1); PSVi, 1: chad > chad (P; fn. 'chad D); pa'i (sic.) > pa'o (em.) 263: 2)
267: ASVy, 1: pa la sogs pa la > pa la (em.); VinSg, 3: 'dris > 'dres (DP); PSVi, 2: sryod > spyad (DP); 3:
spyod > spyad (DP)
269: ASVy, 1), 2); VinSg, 2: ying > yin (DP); PSVi, 2: phan > phun (DP) 270: AS(t), 1: zhes > zhe (DP)
272: hetuphalaikatva- > hetuphalaikaika- (em., cf. re re nas, 一一; Ms (5b4b): -katye; Pradhan: -katye, fn. - ekaika; PSVi: hetuphala<ikaika>pravttāv em. (rgyu dang 'bras bu re re nas 'byung ba la T); ekaikatvena pravṛttir ayugapatpravṛttiḥ.; ASBh, ekaikasya pravṛttir ayugapatpravṛttir veditavyā/)
273: VinSg: 1) so so bdag D > so so ba dag D 275: ASVy, 1: log > 'og (DP); PSVi: 1)
277: 1: 'gag > 'gags (DP); 2: dus zhes > dus zhes (P; fn. 'du shes D); VinSg, 1: chas > chad (DP. Cf. l.3); 3:
byes > byas (DP); {1),} 2); PSVi, {1: dus/ > dus (D; fn. dus/ P);} 2)
279: ASVy, 2: ces > ces (P; fn. zhes D); VinSg, 1: rnam grangs > grangs (em., cf. l.2)
280: ASBh, 2: tajjñānaṃ > tajjanakaṃ (em., cf. Tatia fn.3; de skyed pa, 生); 2: yojitavyam > yojayitavyam (Sakuma Index)
281: ASVy, 3: mnyams > ma nyams (DP); 1), 2), 3); VinSg, 1: gyur ba > gyur pa (D; fn. gyur ba P)
283: ASBh, 2: tadākāśam > tad ākāśam; 3: -sādhāraṇas > - sādhāraṇās (our typo); 4: atyantam abhāvo >
atyantābhāvo (Li 2018. atyantam abhāvo ASBh-Ms)
284: ASVy, {5: pa dang/ > pa dang (em.);} 6: ri bong gi rva la sogs pa > ri bong gi rva la sogs pa ni gtan med pa ste/ de dag las bzlog par ni mi shes so/ /'di ltar 'di dag ni gtan nas med pa'i phyir ro// ri bong gi rva la sogs pa (D; fn. ri bong gi rva la sogs pa P (eye-skip in P)); 1), 3), 4) (gsal > bsal=paryudāsaḥ)
285: PSVi, D li 241a7 > D shi 241a7
286: ASBh, 1: correct -samuddhātāt to samudghātāt, then delete the sentence and move it to p. 290.
287: ASVy, {5: rim mo > rim mo (P; fn. rims so D);} 4), 6); PS(t), 1: pa'i (sic.) > pa'i (pa'i is also possible) 288: PSVi, 1: pa'i (sic.) > pa'i (pa'i is also possible); {2: lam gyi > lam gyi (P; fn. lam gyis D)}; 3: tshig par ma > tshig bar ma ma (D; fn. tshig par ma P); 8: {dang/ > dang (em.)}; 8: lam lam > lam (DP); 9-11: des spang bar bya ba'i nyon mongs pa'i sa bon dang ldan pa'i phyi ma (ma] D; ma la P) lus kyi skad cig gzhan 'byung ba dang/ mi mthun pa'i rkyen du gyur pa dang/ phyi ma lus kyi skad cig (skad cig] D; skad P) gzhan skyed par mi nus te/ > Delete the underlined part because it does not make sense as it is. Cf.
tatpraheyakleśabījānugatam anantarasyāśrayasya kṣaṇāntaram utpādayituṃ na śaknoti.；b1: 'byung > byung (D; fn. 'byung P)
289: PSVi: 242b6 > 242b7; 2), 3), 4), 8), 10) {; Insert the relevant sentences that follow.}
290: ASBh: no comment > yo nirodho na ca visaṃyoga ity anuśayāsamudghātāt/ (Tatia, 15.3)
292: PSVi, 4: sbyir > spyir (DP); 5: 'phags pa'i 'phags pa'i > 'phags pa'i (DP); 6: pa na > par (DP); 15: gton >
bton (D; fn. gton P. Cf. next line); 22: smros > smos (DP)
293: PSV, 1: pa' > pa'i (DP); 1: ba skyed > bskyed (DP); 1), 5), 6), 7), 9), {8)}, 11); VinSg: 1), 2), 5) 294: AS(t), {1)}; ASBh, 1: yo ... -yogaḥ// > delete.; 2: vastu veditavyam > veditam (em., cf. tshor ba'o (ASBh- Tib, ASVy-Tib); vastu veditam ASBh-Sk Tatia (He notes that ASBh-Tib and ASVy-Ch omit vastu.); vastu veditaṃ ASVy (Li 2018))
295: ASVy: insert the corresponding passages in ASBh.
296: 心と心作用である諸法の常にはないもの（前六識）＞常にはない心（前六識）と心作用とし
ての諸法（cf. pp.238, 239）
297: ASBh, 1, 2: see above 294.; ASVy: insert the corresponding passages in ASBh.
299: Rahula, 1: kuśala dharma- > kuśaladharma-; 3), 6)
300: ASBh, 4: dharmatā cittasya > dharmatācittasya; ASVy, b8: a'o > pa'o (DP); b3: kyi lta ba > ji lta ba (em.); 1), 2), 6), 9)
302: {PSVi, 6: nyid de > nyid de/ (em.)}; {MAVBh, 4: tathatā > tathatā}
311: 4: 山喜坊＞山喜房
Appendix II: Problems with the online version of BK I and II
The following is a remark on the online version of BK I and II:
(http://www.l.utokyo.ac.jp/~b_kosha/html/index_75dharma.html#Abhidharmasamuccaya) (1) The online version does not often reflect the punctuation in the Chinese translations.
Example: vedanā: BK II (book version): 受蘊何相。領納相是受相。謂由受故。領納種種淨不淨業諸果 異 熟 。; Online version at http://www.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~b_kosha/html/index_75dharma.html#. (Accessed
November 23, 2021)：受蘊何相領納相是受相謂由受故領納種種淨不淨業諸果異熟(大乗阿毘達磨集
論, vol.31, no.1605, 663b4-5)。
(2) This book uses P as the base text for Tibetan. However, when the book version adopts D as the text, the online version often retains P instead of D.
Example: samādhi: BK II (book), 50: (text): brtag1); (note) 1) brtags P Online (ibid.): (text): brtags1); (note) 1) brtagsP.
(3) Rarely, the note has been lost in the online version.
Example: prāpti and jīvitendriya in rNal 'byor spyod pa'i sa rnam par gtan la dbab pa bsdu ba. Online (ibid.), BK II, 217, 221.
(4) This may be confined to BK I, but the note numbers for the color-marked passages have disappeared.
Example: note numbers 3 and 4 in AKBh(tib), cakṣus. http://www.l.u- tokyo.ac.jp/~b_kosha/html/index_75dharma.html#
5) There is an inconsistency in that although AS and related materials list the Sanskrit of AS and ASBh (and the Chinese translation of AS), it is AS and ASVy (not ASBh) that are listed for their Tibetan counterparts.
The following are recommendations for the revised and enlarged edition of BK II:
1) Show texts that were critically edited (see Appendix I).
2) Add Sanskrit of AS obtained by ASVy, and incorporate the research results of ASG.
3) Include the Tibetan translation of the ASBh (the Chinese translation of the ASVy may be included as well).
Abbreviations
AS: Abhidharmasamuccaya. Chin. T no. 1605(Tr. 玄奘Xuanzang); Ms. Xc 14/3-24 (see Bandurski 1994: 55-56); Sk. Ed. by Gokhale, V. V. 1947. “Fragments form the Abhidharmasamuccaya of Asaṅga,” in: Journal of Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Bombay Branch, New Series 23, 13-38., ASG; Tib. D no. 4049, P no. 5550. (Tr. Jinamitra, Śīlendrabodhi, Ye shes sde.) ASBh: Abhidharmasamuccayabhāṣya. Ms. Xc 14/3-24 (see Bandurski 1994: 56-57); Sk. Ed. by Tatia,
Nathmal. 1976. Abhidharmasamuccaya-Bhāṣyam. Tibetan Sanskrit Works Series 17. Patna: K.P.
Jayaswal Research Institute, ASG; Tib. D no. 4053, P no. 5554. (Tr. Jinamitra, Śīlendrabodhi, Ye shes sde.)
ASG: Abhidharmasamuccaya Study Group.
ASG(1): “Bonbun wayaku Abidatsumashūron (1)” 梵文和訳阿毘達磨集論 (1) [Annotated Japanese Translation of the Abhidharmasamuccaya and its Bhāṣya (1)], Indogaku chibettogaku kenkyū イン ド学チベット学研究19, 57-96, 2015.
ASG(3): “Bonbun wayaku Abidatsumashūron (3)” 梵文和訳阿毘達磨集論 (3) [Annotated Japanese Translation of the Abhidharmasamuccaya and its Bhāṣya (3)]. Indogaku chibettogaku kenkyū イン ド学チベット学研究22, 27-57, 2018.
ASG(4): “Bonbun wayaku Abidatsumashūron (4)” 梵文和訳阿毘達磨集論 (4) [Annotated Japanese Translation of the Abhidharmasamuccaya and its Bhāṣya (4)]. Indogaku chibettogaku kenkyū イン ド学チベット学研究23, 27-74, 2019.
ASVy: Abhidharmasamuccayavyākhyā. Chin. T no. 1606(Tr. 玄奘Xuanzang); Sk. ASG; Tib. D no.
4054, P no. 5555. ({Tr. Jinamitra, Ye shes sde.} R. Nyi ma rgyal mtshan (D)/Nyi ma rgyal mtshan dpal bzang po (P).)
BHSD: Edgerton, F., 1970. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953; repr. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
BK II: Akira Saito斎藤明 et al., 2014. Yugagyōha no goi hyappō 瑜伽行派の五位百法 [The One Hundred Elements (dharma) of Yogācāra in the Abhidharmasamuccaya and Pañcaskandhaka.
Bauddhakośa : A Treasury of Buddhist Terms and Illustrative Sentences 2], Bibliotheca Indologica et Buddhologica 16. Tokyo: The Sankibo Press. (http://www.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~b_kosha/html/index_
75dharma.html#Abhidharmasamuccaya)
BK V: 4. Yoshihito Muroji 室寺義仁 et al, 2017. Yugashijiron ni okeru goi hyappō taiōgo narabini
jūnishi engi kōmokugo 瑜伽師地論における五位百法対応語ならびに十二支縁起項目語
[Terms Contained within the One Hundred Elements (dharma) and Terms of the Twelve Members of pratītyasamutpāda in the Yogācārabhūmi]. Tokyo: The Sankibo Press.
BK VI: Akira Saito 斎藤明 et al., 2018. The Seventy-five Elements (dharma) of Sarvāstivāda in the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya and Related Works. Bauddhakośa: A Treasury of Buddhist Terms and Illustrative Sentences Volume VI, Tokyo: The International Institute for Buddhist Studies.
Hirakawa Dictionary: Akira Hirakawa, Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary, Tokyo: The Reiyukai, 1997.
Mvy: Mahāvyutpatti. Mvy(IF). Ishihama Yumiko and Fukuda Yoichi ed., 1989. A New Critical Edition of the Mahāvyutpatti: Sanskrit-Tibetan-Mongolian Dictionary of Buddhist Terminology. Tokyo: The Toyo Bunko.; Mvy(S). Sakaki, R. ed., 1931. Mahāvyutpatti. Kyoto: Rinsen Book Company.
PS: Pañcaskandhaka. Chin. T no. 1612(Tr. 玄奘Xuanzang); Sk. Ed. by Li Xuezhu and Ernst
Steinkellner with a contribution by Toru Tomabechi, Vasubandhu’s Pañcaskandhaka, Beijing: China Tibetology Publishing house; Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2008.; Tib. D no. 4059, P no. 5560. (Tr. Jinamitra, Śīlendrabodhi, Dānaśīla, Ye shes sde)
PSVi: Pañcaskandhakavibhāṣā. Chin. T no. 1613(Tr. 地婆訶羅Divākara); Sk. Ed by Jowita Kramer, Sthiramati’s Pañcaskandhakavibhāṣā, Beijing: China Tibetology Publishing house; Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2013.; Tib. D no. 4066, P no. 5567. (Tr. Jinamitra, Śīlendrabodhi, Dānaśīla, Ye shes sde)
TrBh: Triṃśikābhāṣya. Ed., by Hartmut Buescher, Sthiramati’s Triṃśikāvijñaptibhāṣya, Critical Editions of the Sanskrit Text and its Tibetan Translation, Wien: Verlag der Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2007.; Lévi, Sylvain ed., Triṃśikā Vijñaptimātratāsiddhi. Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études, Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, 1925.
Bibliography
ASG 2016: “Bonbun wayaku Abidatsumashūron : Anne niyoru bōtōge” 梵文和訳阿毘達磨集論－安慧 による冒頭偈 [Annotated Japanese Translation of the Sanskrit Text of the Abhidharmasamuccaya- vyākhyā: Sthiramati’s Opening Verses]. Indogaku chibettogaku kenkyū インド学チベット学研究 20, 24-52, 2016.
Bandurski, Frank. 1994. Übersicht über die Göttinger Sammlungen der von Rāhula Sāṅkṛtyāyana in Tibet aufgefundenen buddhistischen Sanskrit-Texte. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht.
Hayashima Osamu 早島理 ed., 2003. Yugagyō shisō kenkyūkai bonzōkan taikō daijōbidatsumajūron
daijōbidatsumazōjuon 瑜伽行思想研究会 梵蔵漢対校 大乗阿毘達磨集論 大乗阿毘達磨雑
集論 [E-Text: Abhidharmasamuccaya and Abhidharmasamuccayabhāṣya]. Shiga: Private Issue.
Horiuchi Toshio 堀内俊郎. 2021. “An Example of a Revision of Tibetan Translation: From Abhidharmasamuccayavyākhyā”, Journal of International Philosophy 10, 45-55.
(https://zju.academia.edu/HoriuchiToshio?from_navbar=true)
Kramer, Jowita. 2015. “Innovation and the Role of Intertextuality in the Pañcaskandhaka and Related Yogācāra Works”, Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, Volume 36 / 37 • 2013 / 2014 (2015), 281-352.
van der Kuijp, Leonard W.J., 2013. “Notes on Jñānamitra’s Commentary on the Abhidharma- samuccaya”, in: Kragh, Ulrich Timme ed., The Foundation for Yoga Practitioners: The Buddhist Yogācārabhūmi Treatise and Its Adaptation in India, East Asia, and Tibet, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Harvard Oriental Series; v. 75, 1388-1429.
Li Xuezhu 李学竹. 2015. “Diplomatic Transcription of the Sanskrit Manuscript of the Abhidharma- samuccayavyākhyā –– Folios 2v4–8v4 ––,” Annual Report of The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University, Vol. XVIII, 275-283.
Pradhan, P. 1950. Abhidharmasamuccaya of Asaṅga: Critically edited and studied by Prahlad Pradhan.
Visva-Bharati Studies 12, Santiniketan: Visva-Bharati.
Schmithausen, Lambert. 2014. The Genesis of Yogācāra-Vijñānavāda : Responses and Reflections.
Tokyo: The International Institute for Buddhist Studies of the International College for Postgraduate Buddhist Studies.
Takahashi Kouichi and Nemoto Hiroshi 高橋晃一・根本裕史 eds., 2021. Abidatsumajūron no denshō:
indo kara chibettohe, soshite kakokara miraihe 阿毘達磨集論の伝承ーインドからチベットへ、
そして過去から未来へー. Tokyo: 文学通信 Bungaku tūshin.
Yoshimoto Shingyo 吉元信行. 1973. 書評 [Book Reviews], “Walpola Rahula : Le Compendium de la Super-doctrine (Philosophie) (Abhidharmasamuccaya) d’Asaṅga”. 佛教学セミナーBuddhist Seminar, 18, 91-97.
Yoshimoto Shingyo and Tamai Takeshi吉元信行・玉井威. 1974. “Bonbun abidatsuma shūron niokeru bonnō no shoteigi” 梵文阿毘達磨集論における煩悩の諸定義 [Definitions of Kleśa and
Upakleśa in the Abhidharmasamuccaya]. In Sasaki Genjun ed., Bonnō no Kenkyū 煩悩の研究 [A Study of Kleśa], Tokyo: 清水弘文堂Shimizukobundo.
Notes.
1 The discovery of the Sanskrit of the ASVy by Li Xuezhu has greatly changed the state of research (e.g., Li 2013, which is the beginning of his series of diplomatic transcriptions of the ASVy). The ASG continue to produce epoch-making achievements (since ASG(1) was published in 2015), as they create new editions of the AS and ASBh with reference to the newly published ASVy as well as an elaborate translation. Moreover, for the most recent study on AS and related texts, see Takahashi-Nemoto (2021). With regard to the explanation of the “Hundred Dharmas” in the YBh, BK V should be referred to for their critical edition of the Skt text based on the manuscript of the YBh.
2 I used the BK II to teach Sanskrit in public lectures at the Buddhist Resource and Research Center, Zhejiang University from March 2018 to November 2020. In addition, from September 2020 to June 2021, I conducted a Tibetan reading of
the same text. During my reading, I noticed some typographical errors in the book, which I shared with Professor Saito Akira and his research team. They held several meetings to discuss these errors. I feel like I have completed my longtime homework. I am sincerely grateful to Professor Saito for his encouragement and willingness to publish my proposed corrections and for providing me academic support over the years. Any comments about the corrigenda in the appendix and remaining errors are my own.
3 Example: BK II, 203: においとは何か。四元素を原因とする、鼻の感官によって把捉される対象であって、良
いにおいと悪いにおいと中間的なにおい、生来のものと〔他のものとの〕結合から生じたものと変化により 生じたものである。
4 ASBh-Tib (...)ではprabhedatasを他と並列した概念と理解しない。
5 ASG(1), 84: 区別の点から
6 This is most likely a transmissional rather than translational error. I suppose that the translator, Ye shes sde, translated this as nyes. However, during the course of the transmission, this was corrupted to nges.
7 Cf. Yoshimoto-Tamai 1974: 246: 事実なる罪過を保護すること[to protect the faults that are real]. BK II, 124: 現にある 過失をごまかすこと
8 However, in my limited experience, unlike in the case of the Sanskrit manuscripts, transmissional errors in Tibetan translations are more often due to similarities in pronunciation rather than in the character of the words.
9 Yoshimoto-Tamai 1974 understands it that way. Cf. fn. 7.
10 See https://21dzk.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/SAT/satdb2015.php.
11 T31.853b28: 云何諂。謂矯設方便隱己過惡。
12 See Hirakawa Dictionary, 888.
13 When I presented my paper (Horiuchi 2021) at the BK meeting in February 2021, Prof. Miyazaki Izumi informed me that Bu ston’s catalog states that the translation is by Grags pa rgyal mtshan and Nyi ma, and that this catalog does not clearly distinguish between the translator and revisor. I was unable to reflect his comment because the paper had already been submitted at that time. In addition, I later realized that Kuijp 2013 and ASG 2016 had already discussed the uniqueness of ASVy-Tib by Nyi ma. The former even includes an examination of the information in the catalogs and a partial
translation of the colophon of ASVy-Tib (Kuijp 2013: 1410) that I also translated (Horiuchi 2021: 47-48), pointing out the uniqueness and divergence of his translation from that of Mvy (Kuijp 2013: 1412ff.). I am ashamed of my ignorance.
Although my paper needs some “revision” (see the end of this footnote for some typos) and the catalogs, together with previous studies (such as Takasaki 1964 and Okada 1992), need to be reexamined, the point that ASVy-Tib is Nyi ma’s revision of AS-Tib and ASBh-Tib after consulting ASVy-Sk, and not his own translation without reference to AS-Tib and ASBh-Tib will be reinforced in this section too. Incidentally, with regard to one sentence in the colophon of ASVy-Tib, I wrote “It is not clear whether ’grel here refers to ASBh or ASVy, or both” in note 7 of that article (p.54). Now I consider that ’grel here refers to ASBh (Okada 1992: n.8 also seems to have thought so).
Corrigenda to Horiuchi (2021):
p.46: ; thus, he can be dated to 1225–1305 > delete. Cf. Kuijp 2013: 1404, Thar pa gling Lo tsā ba Nyi ma rgyal mtshan dpal bzang po’s (ca.1260-ca.1330) rendition of ...
p.46: correctionen > correctionem p.47 (ASVy, l.3): ’grel ba’i > ’grel pa’i p.49: compound., > compound,
14 It was in March 2020, during my stay in Hamburg, that I first doubted this strange word anuvicāra and consulted Prof.
Harunaga Isaacson. Because the word manaso ’bhijalpanā is not found in the ASBh-Tib, I initially thought that anu was some kind of symbol for the omission of a word or phrase (in this case, manaso ’bhijalpanā), and thus
