2000年から2002年
著者名(日)
加藤 司
雑誌名
東洋大学社会学部紀要
巻
45
号
2
ページ
49-72
発行年
2008-02
URL
http://id.nii.ac.jp/1060/00003048/
Creative Commons : 表示 - 非営利 - 改変禁止 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.ja英語文献におけるコーピング尺度の使用状況
― 2000年から2002年 ―
A Review of Research Using Self-report Measures
of Coping Behavior from 2000 to 2002
加藤 司
Tsukasa KATO
ストレス概念の普及，健康に対する意識の高まりなどによりストレスフルな状況に対する対処の 方法，すなわち，コーピングが注目され，現在では，コーピングは健康や適応のキーワードとされ ている（加藤, 2004, 2007a）。例えば，心理学関連研究論文または，文献のデータベースである P s y c I N F Oに登録されている論文のうち，コーピングに関する論文は1 9 7 0年では約0 . 5％，2 0 0 0年には 約3 %に上昇している（加藤, 2007a）。コーピングという概念が用いられ始めた1 9 6 0年代当初，コー ピングの無意識的側面に焦点があてられ，投影法や臨床観察によってコーピングの測定がなされて いた。しかし，1 9 7 0年代から，コーピングを意識的な反応として捉える考えが主流となり，コーピ ングを測定するために自己報告式による質問紙法が用いられるようになった。その結果，数多くの コーピング尺度が作成されるようになった（加藤, 2004, 2007a）。加藤（2 0 0 6）は1 9 9 0年から1 9 9 5年 にかけて発刊された学術論文をまとめ，加藤（2 0 0 7 b）は1 9 9 6年から1 9 9 9年にかけて発刊された学術 論文をまとめ，それぞれ，英語文献におけるコーピング尺度の使用状況について論じている。本稿 では質問紙によるコーピングの測定に焦点をあて，2 0 0 0年から2 0 0 2年までのコーピング尺度の使用 状況をまとめることにする。方 法
文献リストの作成 以下の条件を満たす学術論文を抽出し，コーピング文献リスト0 0 - 0 2（A p p e n d i x）を作成した。① 2 0 0 0年から2 0 0 2年にかけて刊行され，英語で書かれた学術雑誌論文であること。②本文中にストレ スフルな状況に対するコーピングを測定していることが明記されている学術論文，すなわち，測定 変数にcoping，coping behavior，coping response，coping skills，coping strategiesと記載されている学術 論文であること。コーピングの概念に類似，あるいは同義と思われる学術用語を用いた論文もある が，コーピングを測定したことが明記されていない論文は抽出しなかった。③コーピングの個人差 を測定するために作成された尺度を用いた論文であること。すなわち，論文中にコーピングを測定第45-2号（2007年度）
していることが明記されていても，本来はコーピングを測定するために開発されたものでない尺度 を用いた論文は文献リストに加えなかった。防衛機制を測定するために開発された尺度を用いてい る論文も文献リストに加えなかった。④メタ分析を含む展望論文ではないこと。⑤コーピングの測 定に，少なくとも2項目以上の項目を用いている学術論文であること。 コーピング尺度の使用頻度のカウント 次に，コーピング尺度の使用頻度を以下の手続きによってカウントした。①コーピング尺度を用 いるごとに1カウントした。②ひとつの論文に，複数のコーピング尺度が用いられている論文の場合， それぞれのコーピング尺度に1カウントした。しかし，ひとつの論文内で，同一のコーピング尺度を 複数回使用した場合，例えば，2つ以上の研究に同一のコーピング尺度を用いた場合，その論文内に おいて，1カウントとした。③あるコーピング尺度Aを修正し，使用した場合，コーピング尺度Aと してカウントした。ただし，大幅に修正し，信頼性と妥当性が検証され，独自のコーピング尺度B として用いられた場合あるいは，その後，そのような検証がなされた場合，コーピング尺度Bとし て1カウントした。④コーピング尺度Aを改訂したコーピング尺度Bを用いた場合，あるいはコーピ ング尺度Aの短縮版としてコーピング尺度Cを用いた場合，コーピング尺度Aとして1カウントした。 ⑤コーピング尺度AのＸ版コーピング尺度Bを用いた場合，コーピング尺度Aとして1カウントした。 例えば，青年用コーピング尺度B，ドイツ版コーピング尺度Bなどは，コーピング尺度Aとしてカウ ントした。
結果と考察
上記の手続きによってコーピング文献リスト0 0 - 0 2を作成し，コーピング尺度の使用頻度をカウン トした。コーピング文献リスト0 0 - 0 2は3 9 5篇の学術論文からなり，2 0 0 0年に刊行された論文数は1 3 4 篇，2 0 0 1年に刊行された論文数は 1 2 2篇，2 0 0 2年に刊行された論文数は 1 3 9篇であった。また，コー ピング文献リスト0 0 - 0 2は1 1 9種の学術雑誌から収集され，“Personality and Individual Differences”誌 は3 1篇であり，コーピング尺度を用いた研究報告が圧倒的に多かった。Table 1はカウントが5以上 であるコーピング尺度の使用頻度を示したものである。圧倒的に，C O P E（Carver, 1997; Carver & Scheier, 1994; Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989），Ways of Coping Questionnaire（Folkman & Lazarus, 1980, 1985, 1988; Folkman, Lazarus, Dunkel-Schetter, DeLongis, & Gruen, 1986; Vitaliano, Russo, Carr, Maiuro, & Becker, 1985）の使用頻度が高いことがわかる。引用文献
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