ポンペイ州およびチューク州における食事調査

ポンペイ州およびチューク州における食事調査

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山本 宗立

雑誌名

南太平洋海域調査研究報告=Occasional papers

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56

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69-72

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Dietary Patterns in Pohnpei and Chuuk States

࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᕞ࠾ࡼࡧࢳ࣮ࣗࢡᕞ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㣗஦ㄪᰝ

ᒣᮏ᐀❧

Dietary Patterns in Pohnpei and Chuuk States

YAMAMOTO Sota

㮵ඣᓥ኱Ꮫᅜ㝿ᓥᕋᩍ⫱◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮

Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University

せ᪨ ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥࡛ࡣࠊ_{1950 ᖺ௦ࡲ࡛࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕఏ⤫ⓗࠖ࡞㣗⏕άࡀႠࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ1960 ᖺ} ௦࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ㎰ົ┬ࡀ⿵ຓ⤥㣗ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤ጞࡋ࡚௨㝆ࠊࠕ㏆௦ⓗࠖ࡞㣗஦࡟⨨ࡁ᥮ࢃࡗ ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㣗஦ࡀࠕ㏆௦໬ࠖࡋࡓ࡜ࡣ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࢀࢆ⿬௜ࡅࡿヲ⣽࡞ࢹ࣮ ࢱࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᕞࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥ࠾ࡼࡧ ࢳ࣮ࣗࢡᕞࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㣗஦ㄪᰝࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ୧ᓥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣃࣥࣀ࢟ࡸࣂࢼࢼࠊ Ⱎ㢮ࠊᾏ⏘≀ࡢᾘ㈝㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㍺ධ㣗ရ࡛࠶ࡿ⡿ࡸ㨶ࡢ⨁ワࠊ ༶ᖍ㯝ࡢᾘ㈝㢖ᗘࡶྠᵝ࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥࡣࢳ࣮ࣗࢡᕞࡢ୺ᓥ࡛࠶ࡿ࢙࢘ࣀᓥ࡟㏆ࡃࠊ ㍺ධ㣗ရࢆධᡭࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡀࠊࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥࡣ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᕞࡢ୺ᓥ࡛࠶ࡿ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᓥ࡬ࡢ஺㏻஦᝟ ࡀᝏࡃࠊࡼࡾࠕఏ⤫ⓗࠖ࡞㣗⏕άࢆႠࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡓࠋ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥࡛ࡣࠊ_{1950 ᖺ௦ࡲ࡛࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕఏ⤫ⓗࠖ࡞㣗⏕ά㸦ࣃࣥࣀ࢟ࡸ} Ⱎ㢮ࠊࣂࢼࢼࠊᾏ⏘≀࡞࡝㸧ࡀႠࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸦_MURAI 1954㸧ࠊ1960 ᖺ௦࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ ྜ⾗ᅜ㎰ົ┬ࡀ⿵ຓ⤥㣗ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤ጞࡋ࡚௨㝆ࠊࠕ㏆௦ⓗࠖ࡞㣗஦㸦⡿ࡸᑠ㯏⢊ࠊ ◁⢾ࠊ⬡⫫ศ࡟ᐩࡴ㣗ရࠊ㍺ධຍᕤ㣗ရ࡞࡝㸧࡟⨨ࡁ᥮ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ 㸦_ENGLBERGER et al. 2003㸧ࠋ㣗஦ࡢ㏆௦໬࡟క࠸ࠊ⢾ᒀ⑓ࡸ㧗⾑ᅽࠊᚰ⮚⑌ᝈ࡞࡝ࡢ 㔜኱࡞೺ᗣၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸦_{e.g., 㔝ᮧࡽ 2005㸧ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㍺ධ㣗ရ࡜} ẚ࡭࡚࢝ࣟࢸࣥ㢮ࡸࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ㢮ࢆࡼࡾከࡃ᭷ࡍࡿᆅඖ㣗ᮦࡢ฼⏝ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ከᵝ࡞ⶰ⳯ 㢮ࡢᑟධࡀᨻᗓࡸ_{NGO ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ዡບࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦E}NGLBERGER et al. 2009㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ

㣗஦ࡀࠕ㏆௦໬ࠖࡋࡓ࡜ࡣ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࢀࢆ⿬௜ࡅࡿヲ⣽࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᕞࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥ࠾ࡼࡧ ࢳ࣮ࣗࢡᕞࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ヲ⣽࡞㣗஦ㄪᰝࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 6 南太平洋海域調査研究報告　No.56（2015年3月） OCCASIONAL PAPERS　No.56（March 2015）

ᅗ_{1 ㄪᰝᆅ} ㄪᰝ᪉ἲ ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᕞࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥ㸦_{2012 ᖺ 8 ᭶㹼2014 ᖺ 1 ᭶㸧࠾ࡼࡧ} ࢳ࣮ࣗࢡᕞࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥ㸦_{2012 ᖺ 9 ᭶㹼2013 ᖺ 8 ᭶㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㣗஦ㄪᰝࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞} ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ_{1㸧ࠋㄪᰝ⾲ࡢ㡯┠ࡣࠊ୺స≀㸦⡿ࠊࣃࣥࣀ࢟ࠊCyrtosperma merkusiiࠊࣂࢼࢼࠊ} ࡑࡢ௚㸧ࠊᾏ⏘≀㸦㩭㨶ࠊᖸ≀ࠊ⨁ワࠊࡑࡢ௚㸧ࠊ⫗㢮㸦⢭⫗ࠊ⨁ワ㸧ࠊࡑࡢ௚㸦㯝㢮ࠊ 㔝⳯㸧࡜ࡋࡓࠋྛ㡯┠ࡢ㢖ᗘࡣࠊ㣗஦࡟ฟ࡚ࡁࡓᅇᩘ㸭㣗஦ࡢ⥲ᅇᩘ㸦ᮅ࣭᫨࣭ᬌ™ ᪥ᩘ㸧࡛♧ࡋࡓࠋ ⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ ㍺ධ㣗ရ ⡿ࡢᾘ㈝㢖ᗘࡣࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥ㸦_{PLP-A㸸65.7%ࠊPLP-B㸸33.2%ࠊ18 ࢝᭶ᖹᆒ㸧࡟} ẚ࡭࡚ࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥࡢ᪉ࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸦_{PIS-A㸸99.3%ࠊPIS-B㸸96.3%ࠊPIS-C㸸72.1%ࠊ} 12 ࢝᭶ᖹᆒ㸹⾲ 1㸧ࠋ௚ࡢ㍺ධ㣗ရࠊ౛࠼ࡤ㨶ࡢ⨁ワ㸦PLP-A㸸2.8%ࠊPLP-B㸸1.0%ࠊ PIS-A㸸78.3%ࠊPIS-B㸸34.6%ࠊPIS-C㸸23.4%㸧ࠊ⫗ࡢ⨁ワ㸦PLP-A㸸1.4%ࠊPLP-B㸸0.5%ࠊ PIS-A㸸52.1%ࠊPIS-B㸸2.3%ࠊPIS-C㸸8.1%㸧ࠊ༶ᖍ㯝㸦PLP-A㸸22.5%ࠊPLP-B㸸9.9%ࠊ PIS-A㸸87.4%ࠊPIS-B㸸51.2%ࠊPIS-C㸸43.1%㸧ࡶࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ ࢘ᓥࡢ᪉ࡀᾘ㈝㢖ᗘࡣ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥࡢ஺㏻஦᝟࡜㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ ᛮࢃࢀࡓࠋ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥࡟ࡣᅜෆ㐃⤡⯪ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊẚ㍑ⓗᏳ౯࡟㈌≀ࢆ㐠ࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊ_{2012 ᖺ 8 ᭶࠿ࡽ 2013 ᖺ 8 ᭶ࡢ㛫࡟ࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉ⎔♋࡬ࡣ஧ᅇࡋ࠿᮶ᓥࡋ} ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㤳㒔ࡢ࠶ࡿ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᓥ࠿ࡽࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉ⎔♋࡬㍍㣕⾜ᶵࡀ୙ᐃᮇ࡟㐠⯟ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊⲴ≀ _{1 ࣏ࣥࢻ࡟ࡘࡁ 0.75 ⡿ࢻࣝㄢࡉࢀࠊ㍺㏦㈝ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ} 1km Pingelap Atoll Pingelap I. Deke I. Sukoru I. 2000km Oceania Federated States of Micronesia

Chuuk Atoll _{Piis-Paneu I.}

20km

Weno I.

70

ᓥẸࡢ฼⏝ࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࠊࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥࡣ⯪እᶵ௜ࡁࡢᑠᆺ⯪࡛ ࢳ࣮ࣗࢡᕞࡢ୺ᓥ࢙࢘ࣀᓥ࡬ _{1 ᫬㛫⛬ᗘ࡛⾜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᓥேࡣ㢖⦾࡟} ࢙࢘ࣀᓥࢆゼࢀࠊ㍺ධ㣗ရࡸ㞧㈌࡞࡝ࢆ㉎ධ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵࠊ㍺ධ㣗ရࡢᾘ㈝㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ᓥෆ⏘ࡢస≀࠾ࡼࡧᾏ⏘≀ ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢㄪᰝୡᖏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣃࣥࣀ࢟ࡢᾘ㈝㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࣃࣥࣀ࢟ࡢ ฼⏝࡟ࡣᏘ⠇ᛶࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊࣃࣥࣀ࢟ࢆ฼⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ࡁࡣࣂࢼࢼࡸ_{C. merkusii} ࡢ฼⏝㢖ᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦⾲_{1㸧ࠋ㨶ࡢᾘ㈝㢖ᗘࡣᖺ㛫ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚࠶ࡲࡾኚືࡏࡎࠊ} 㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸㢖ᗘ࡛฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦_{PLP-A㸸67.4%ࠊPLP-B㸸54.9%ࠊPIS-A㸸} 81.1%ࠊPIS-B㸸68.5%ࠊPIS-C㸸69.2%㸧ࠋ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶ୧ᓥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕఏ⤫ⓗࠖ࡞㣗⏕άࡀ Ⴀࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠊࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥ࡛ࡣձ㨶ࡢ஝≀ࡸ㈅㢮ࡢ฼⏝㢖ᗘࡀ 㠀ᖖ࡟ప࠸ࠊղ⢭⫗ࡢ฼⏝㢖ᗘప࠸ࠊճ㍺ධ㣗ရ㸦≉࡟⨁ワࡸ࢖ࣥࢫࢱࣥࢺ㯝㸧ࢆ ࠶ࡲࡾ฼⏝ࡋ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺┦㐪Ⅼࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥࡢ᪉ࡀࡼࡾࠕఏ⤫ⓗࠖ ࡞㣗⏕άࢆႠࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡓࠋ_{KAWAI et al.㸦2010, 2011㸧ࡣࠕ࠶ࡿᓥࡀࡼࡾ㒔ᕷ} 㸦୰ᚰࡢᓥ㸧࡟㏆࠸࡯࡝ࡑࡢᓥࡣࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᙉࡃཷࡅࡸࡍࡃࠊ㏫࡟ࠊ࠶ࡿ ᓥࡀ㒔ᕷ㸦୰ᚰࡢᓥ㸧࠿ࡽ㐲࠸࡯࡝ࡑࡢᓥ࡟ࡣࡼࡾఏ⤫ⓗ࡞⏕άࡀṧࡿࠖ࡜ᥦゝࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢ㣗஦ㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࡑࡢ௬ㄝࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡓࠋ ⾲_{1 ࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥ࠾ࡼࡧࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㣗஦ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ㸦%㸧} Starchy staples Rice 65.7 33.2 99.3 96.3 72.1 Breadfruit 20.4 13.7 90.2 37.6 77.3 Cyrtosperma 18.7 16.7 41.5 10.1 13.5 Banana 41.2 22.5 62.4 32.6 49.1 Others 5.2 1.5 66.7 0.0 11.2 Marine resources Fresh fish 67.4 54.9 81.1 68.5 69.2 Dried fish 0.2 0.1 42.9 34.1 33.4 Canned fish 2.8 1.0 78.3 34.6 23.4 Others 1.2 4.7 42.1 12.2 29.0 Meat Fresh 5.4 2.7 27.5 30.5 12.5 Canned 1.4 0.5 52.1 2.3 8.1 Others Noodle 22.5 9.9 87.4 51.2 43.1 Vegetable 1.2 0.1 67.9 0.5 16.5 Fruit 27.7 9.7 59.7 4.5 11.9 Pingelap Island Aug. 2012 to Jan. 2014 (18-month average) PLP-A PLP-B Piis-Paneu Island Sep. 2012 to Aug. 2013 (12-month average) PIS-A PIS-B PIS-C

 Dietary Patterns in Pohnpei and Chuuk States

ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩

ENGLBERGER, L., MARKS, G. C. and FITZGERALD, M. H. 2003. Insights on Food and Nutrition

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PAUL, Y., LICKANETH, E., ELYMORE, A., MADDISON, M., DEBRUM, I., NEMRA, J., ALFRED,

J., VANDER VELDE, N. and KRAEMER, K. 2009. Carotenoid and Vitamin Content of

Micronesian Atoll Foods: Pandanus (Pandanus tectorius) and Garlic Pear (Crataeva

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NAGASHIMA, S. 2010. The Influence of Environmental Changes on the Micronesian

Area: A Case Study of Islands in Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia. South Pacific Studies, 30(2): 23-43.

KAWAI, K., KUWAHARA, S., TERADA, R., TOMINAGA, S., NODA, S. and NAGASHIMA, S. 2011.

Influence of Environmental Changes on the Micronesian Region: Case Study of Islands in the Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia. South Pacific Studies, 31(2): 57-70. MURAI, M. 1954. Nutrition Study in Micronesia. Atoll Research Bulletin, 27: 1-239.

㔝ᮧ⚽୍࣭᪂ᐑဴྖ࣭୰⏣⠜⠊࣭Ⲕᒣ୍ᙲ࣭ఀ⸨๛஧࣭ఀ⸨᭷ᓠ _{2005㸬࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ}

࢔㐃㑥ࢳ࣮ࣗࢡᕞᓥẸࡣ⫧‶࣭⢾ᒀ⑓ࡢ㢖ᗘࡀከ࠸㸫_{2002ࠥ2004 ᖺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㞟ᅋ}

೺デࡢ᳨ウ㸫㸬ᗈᓥ་Ꮫ㸪_{58㸸562-565㸬}

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