JAIST Repository: 日本の大学教員に占める女性比率の推移

JAIST Repository

https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/ Title 日本の大学教員に占める女性比率の推移 Author(s) 加藤, 真紀 Citation 年次学術大会講演要旨集, 27: 118-121 Issue Date 2012-10-27

Type Conference Paper Text version publisher

URL http://hdl.handle.net/10119/10987

Rights

本著作物は研究・技術計画学会の許可のもとに掲載す るものです。This material is posted here with permission of the Japan Society for Science Policy and Research Management.

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᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫᩍဨ࡟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶẚ⋡ࡢ᥎⛣



ۑຍ⸨㻌 ┿⣖㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬㻌 ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧



ጞࡵ࡟ ᪥ᮏࡶዪᛶࡢ᭷ࡍࡿ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ຊࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡢ༤ኈᏛ⏕࡟༨ࡵࡿ ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡣ㏆ᖺ኱ࡁࡃቑຍࡋࠊ_{ ᖺ࡟ࡣ⣙  ๭ࢆ༨ࡵࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛᪥ᮏࡢ◊✲⪅࡟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶẚ⋡ࡣ}  ᖺ࡟⣙ 㸣࡜Ḣ⡿ඛ㐍ᅜࡢ༙ศ௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡾᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟ప࠸Ỉ‽࡟␃ࡲࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡢዪᛶ◊✲⪅ࡢ⣙  ๭ࡀᒓࡍࡿ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢭࢡࢱ࣮࡟╔┠ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ኱Ꮫᩍဨࡢ⫋㝵ࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㧗⫋㝵ࡢዪᛶᩍဨࡀಟᏛࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᫬௦ࡢ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕࡟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀࡑࡶࡑࡶప࠸ࡓࡵ ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ⫋㝵ࡀୖࡀࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ዪᛶ๭ྜࡀῶࡿࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࣮ࣜ࢟ࣥࢢࣃ࢖ࣉࣛ࢖ࣥࡢၥ㢟࡞ࡢ࠿ࡇࢀࡲ ࡛༑ศ࡟ศᯒࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊ␲ఝࢥ࣮࣍ࢺࢆసᡂࡋዪᛶẚ⋡ࡢ᥎⛣ࢆศ㔝ࡸタ⨨ ⪅ู࡞࡝ヲ⣽࡟ศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ኱Ꮫᩍဨࡢ㧗⫋㝵࡯࡝ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀప࠸⌧㇟ࡣࠊዪᛶࡢ㐍Ꮫ᫬ࡢ 㑅ᢥࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊᑵ⫋᫬ࡸᑵ⫋ᚋࡢᵓ㐀ୖࡢᙳ㡪࡞ࡢ࠿⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ_ ᪤Ꮡ◊✲ ኱Ꮫᩍဨࡢ⫋㝵ࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀప࠸⌮⏤ࡣࠊ⡿ᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫᩍဨࡀ༤ኈᏛ⏕ࡔࡗࡓ᫬௦ࡢዪᛶ ẚ⋡ࡀప࠸ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࡣ⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ_{1$6ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ◊✲኱Ꮫ࡟㝈ᐃࡍࢀ} ࡤࠊ༤ኈㄢ⛬ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡣຓᩍࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦1HOVRQ㸧ࠊዪᏊ Ꮫ⏕ࡀቑ࠼ࢀࡤ኱Ꮫࡢዪᛶᩍဨࡀ➼ࡋࡃቑ࠼ࡿ࡜ࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡢࣃ࢖ࣉࣛ࢖ࣥၥ㢟ࢆศᯒࡋࡓᩥ⊩ࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᑠᕝࠊ 㸧ࠋᡃࡀᅜࡢዪᛶ኱Ꮫᩍဨ࠾ࡼࡧዪᏊᏛ⏕ࡢẚ⋡ࡢ᥎⛣࠿ࡽࡣࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓ࡯࡝ࡣዪᛶᩍ ဨẚ⋡ࡀఙࡧ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ຍ㔝 㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋຍ⸨➼࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄢ㢟 ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ_{ ᖺᗘࠊ ᖺᗘࠊ ᖺᗘࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᩍᤵ⫋࡟࠶ࡿ⪅ࡢࠊ} Ꮫ㒊༞ᴗ࠿ࡽᩍᤵ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬࡜ᩍဨ⫋㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖺ㱋ࢆ௬ᐃࡋ࡚ᨃఝࢥ࣮࣍ࢺࢆసᡂࡋࠊྛ ẁ㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶẚ⋡ࡢ᥎⛣ࢆぢࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࡇࢀࡽ㐣ཤ ᫬Ⅼࡢࢥ࣮࣍ࢺࡢ඲࡚࡛ࠊ ຓᩍ⫋࡛ࡢ ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡣ _{㸣⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㸣௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡿಟኈ࠾ࡼࡧ༤ኈㄢ⛬ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡼࡾ㧗࠸ࠊ ᑵ⫋ࡋࡓ᫬} ᮇࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢥ࣮࣍ࢺ࡯࡝ຓᩍ࠿ࡽᩍᤵ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡢῶᑡࡀᑠࡉࡃ≧ἣࡣᨵၿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ 㐣 ཤࡢࢺࣞࣥࢻ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢࢥ࣮࣍ࢺ࡛ࡶୖ఩ࡢ⫋㝵࡯࡝ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀపࡃ࡞ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺_{ ࡘࡢഴ} ྥࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣࠊࡼࡾⱝ࠸ୡ௦ࠊ౛࠼ࡤ _{ ᖺ௦࡟෸ᩍᤵࡸຓᩍ࡛࠶ࡿ} ୡ௦ࡢኚ໬ࡣࠊ㐣ཤࡢୡ௦㸦㏆ᖺࡼࡾࡶዪᛶᑵᏛ⋡ࡀపࡃ㑅ᢤࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸ୡ௦㸧ࡢഴྥ࡜ྠᵝ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ ࡲࡓศ㔝ูࡢഴྥࡸタ⨨⪅ูࡢഴྥࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ_ ศᯒ⤖ᯝ ࡼࡾⱝ࠸ୡ௦  ᖺᗘࠊ ᖺᗘࠊ ᖺᗘࡢ  ᫬Ⅼ࡛᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚෸ᩍᤵࠊㅮᖌࠊຓᩍ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⪅ࡢࠊ Ꮫ㒊༞ᴗ࠿ࡽྛ⫋㝵࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬࡜ᩍဨ⫋㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖺ㱋ࢆ௬ᐃࡋ࡚ᨃఝࢥ࣮࣍ࢺࢆసᡂࡋࠊ ྛẁ㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶẚ⋡ࡢ᥎⛣ࢆぢࡓ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ  ࡟♧ࡍࠋ࡝ࡢ⫋㝵࡛ࡶඹ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊຓᩍࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡣ ኱Ꮫ㝔࡛ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ_{ ᖺ࡟ຓᩍ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⪅ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕຓᩍࡢ୰࡛} ࡶ୍␒ⱝ࠸ࢥ࣮࣍ࢺ࡛ࡣࠊຓᩍẚ⋡ࡀ௚ࡢ_{ ࡘࡢࢥ࣮࣍ࢺ࡯࡝㧗ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ ᖺࡣຓᡭ࠿ࡽຓ} ᩍࡀ༊ศࡉࢀࠊ௒᪥ࡢຓᩍࡢࡳࢆᢅࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊຓᩍࡣ୺࡜ࡋ࡚ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ ࢆ⫋ົ࡜ࡋࠊᑗ᮶ࡢ኱Ꮫᩍဨࡸ◊✲⪅࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ⪅࡟┦ᛂࡍࡿ⫋࡛࠶ࡾࠊຓᡭࡣᩍ⫱◊✲ _{  ᖺ௦ᮎ࡟⡿ᅜࡢᨻᗓ㛵ಀ⪅ࡸ◊✲⪅ࡣࠊዪᛶࡢ⛉Ꮫ࡬ࡢཧຍࢆ  ᮏࡢࣃ࢖ࣉࣛ࢖ࣥ࡟౛࠼ࠊࡑࡢධཱྀ} ࡟ᑡዪࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࡯࡝ᑓ㛛⫋࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢዪᛶࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࡜ண ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢぢ᪉࡛ࡣࠊዪᛶẚ⋡ࡢᑡ࡞ࡉࡣᙼዪࡓࡕ ࡢ⮬ᕫ㑅ᢥࡢၥ㢟࡜ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦ࢩ࣮ࣅ࣮ࣥ࢞ࠊ㸧ࠋ _{ ྛẁ㝵ࡢᖺ㱋➼ࡢヲ⣽ࡣຍ⸨➼㸦㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡢࡇ࡜ࠋ}  ᖺ  ᭶௨๓ࡢຓᡭ࡟ࡣࠊྠᖺ  ᭶௨㝆ࡢຓᡭ࡜ຓᩍࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࠋ

ࢆ⿵ຓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ୺ࡓࡿ⫋ົ࡜ࡍࡿ⪅࡟┦ᛂࡍࡿ⫋࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ἲࡼࡾ㸧ࠋ㐣ཤࡢຓᡭࢆ⌧ᅾࡢຓ ᩍ࡜ຓᡭ࡟ศ㞳ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ_{ ᖺᗘࡼࡾ௨๓ࡣศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊຓᩍ⫋࡛ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀ㧗} ࠸ࡢࡣࠊ௒᪥ࡢຓᡭ⫋ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ඲࡚ࡢ⫋㝵ࡢ඲࡚ࡢࢥ࣮࣍ࢺ࡛ୡ௦ࡀⱝ ࠸࡯࡝ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃࠊ෸ᩍᤵࡢࢥ࣮࣍ࢺࢆぢࡿ࡜ⱝ࠸ୡ௦࡛ࡣຓᩍࡼࡾࡶ෸ᩍᤵࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀⱝᖸ࡛ ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ_ ෸ᩍᤵ ㅮᖌ 25.9% 14.2% _13.6% 20.0% 24.1% 20.4% 24.2% 12.1% 11.5% 16.4% 18.8% 17.0% 23.7% 9.6% 7.2% 14.5% 14.0% _13.1% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Ꮫኈ䠂 ಟኈ䠂 ༤ኈ䠂 ຓᩍ䠂 ㅮᖌ䠂 ෸ᩍᤵ䠂 2010ᖺ 2005ᖺ 2000ᖺ  29.3% 17.5% _16.8% 24.2% 28.3% 25.9% 14.2% _13.6% 20.0% 24.1% 24.2% 12.1% _11.5% 16.4% 18.8% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Ꮫኈ䠂 ಟኈ䠂 ༤ኈ䠂 ຓᩍ䠂 ㅮᖌ䠂 2010ᖺ 2005ᖺ 2000ᖺ ຓᩍ 34.7% 23.4% 23.1% 24.8% 29.3% 17.5% _16.8% 24.2% 25.9% 14.2% _13.6% 20.0% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Ꮫኈ䠂 ಟኈ䠂 ༤ኈ䠂 ຓᩍ䠂 2010ᖺ 2005ᖺ 2000ᖺ 28.7% 䠄ຓᡭ䜒ྵ䜑䛯ሙྜ䠅 ᅗ _{ ␲ఝࢥ࣮࣍ࢺ࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⏕࡜ᩍဨ࡟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶẚ⋡㸦⫋㝵ู㸧}    ศ㔝ู ḟ࡟ୖ㏙ࢥ࣮࣍ࢺࢆ⏝࠸࡚኱Ꮫᩍဨࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡢ᥎⛣ࢆ⮬↛⛉Ꮫ⣔ࡢศ㔝ู㸦⌮ᏛࠊᕤᏛࠊ㎰Ꮫࠊ་ Ꮫ㸧࡟ぢࡓ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ_{  ࡟♧ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊศ㔝༊ศ࡟ὀពࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋᮏศᯒ࡛⏝࠸ࡓศ㔝ࡢᐃ} ⩏ࡣᏛ㒊ࡢศ㔝࡛࠶ࡾࠊ኱ศ㔝ศ㢮࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࡴࡋࢁ୰ศ㢮࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ⌮Ꮫ⣔ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞Ꮫ㒊ࡀ᪂ タࡉࢀࡓሙྜࡣࠊ኱ศ㢮࡛ࡣ⌮Ꮫ࡟ᒓࡍࡿศ㔝࡛ࡶࠊᮏ༊ศ࡛ࡣ⌮Ꮫ࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡎู࡟ᢅࢃࢀࡿࠋᅗ_{ } ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟་Ꮫࢆ㝖ࡃ ࡘࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣᏛ⏕ᩘࡀቑ࠼࡚ࡶᩍဨᩘࡀῶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᏛ㒊ࡀ᪂タࡉࢀࡓᙳ 㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ_  ඲ศ㔝࡛ࡢ≉ᚩ Ⅼ࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚ศᯒࡍࡿࠋࡲࡎຓᩍࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡣ኱Ꮫ㝔࡛ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸ࡢ࠿ ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊᕤᏛ࡜་Ꮫ࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ⌮Ꮫ࡜㎰Ꮫ࡛ࡣぢࡽࢀࡎࠊศ㔝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋḟ࡟ⱝ࠸ୡ௦࡯࡝ຓᩍ࠿ࡽᩍᤵ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡢῶᑡࡀᨵၿࡍࡿࡢ࠿ぢࡓࡀࠊ ⮬↛⛉Ꮫ⣔ ศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ഴྥࡣ᫂☜࡟ࡣ♧ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ඲యࡢഴྥࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽ  ศ㔝௨እࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࡼࡾዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ேᩥࡸ♫఍⛉Ꮫ➼ࡢഴྥࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢࢥ࣮࣍ࢺ࡛ࡶୖ఩ࡢ⫋㝵࡯࡝ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀప࠸ࡢ࠿ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊ་Ꮫࡢ ᖺᗘ༞㸦 ᖺᗘᩍᤵ㸧࡛ࡣ෸ᩍᤵࡼࡾࡶᩍᤵࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸࡞࡝୍㒊౛እࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ඲యⓗ࡟ࠊ_{ ศ㔝ࡢ࡝ࡢࢥ} ࣮࣍ࢺ࡛ࡶ⫋㝵ࡀୖࡀࡿ࡯࡝ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀపࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ ḟ࡟ศ㔝ูࡢ≉ᚩࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊ⌮Ꮫ࡜་Ꮫ࡛ࡣᏛ㒊ㄢ⛬࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚༤ኈㄢ⛬࡛ࡢዪᏊẚ⋡ࡢపࡉࡀ♧ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᕤᏛ࡜㎰Ꮫ࡛ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶዪᏊẚ⋡ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿഴྥࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ༤ኈㄢ⛬࡟࠾ࡅ ࡿዪᏊᏛ⏕ᩘࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ㸦ᕤᏛ࡛ࡣ_{ ࢥ࣮࣍ࢺඹ࡟  ᱆࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㎰Ꮫࡣ᭱኱  ே㸧ࠊ ேࡸ  ேࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ} ẚ⋡࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ_

⌮Ꮫ ᕤᏛ 16.0% 7.6% 5.3% 6.6% 7.3% 6.3% 3.7% 15.5% 6.3% 4.2% 6.6% 4.7% 4.6% 3.8% 13.7% 6.2% 6.4% 7.6% 4.7% 2.6% 3.4% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% Ꮫ㒊༞ᴗ 1977(10,234) 1972(9,084) 1967(5,569) ಟኈಟ஢ 1979(1,666) 1974(1,482) 1969(1,281) ༤ኈಟ஢ 1982(569) 1977(567) 1972(518) ຓᩍ䠄ຓᡭྵ䜐䠅 1990(1,545) 1985(1,687) 1980(1,717) ㅮᖌ 1995(286) 1990(276) 1985(318) ෸ᩍᤵ䠄ຓᩍᤵྵ䜐䠅 2000(920) 1995(1,204) 1990(1,204) ᩍᤵ 2010(698) 2005(1,175) 2000(1,449) 1977ᖺᗘ༞䠄2010ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 1972ᖺᗘ༞䠄2005ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 1967ᖺᗘ༞䠄2000ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 0.9% _0.7% 1.0% 4.8% 3.9% 3.2% 2.0% 0.7% _{0.4% 0.5%} 3.8% 2.8% 1.9% 1.1% 0.4% _0.2% 0.4% 3.7% 2.0% 1.3% 1.0% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% Ꮫ㒊༞ᴗ 1977(69,221) 1972(59,698) 1967(37,263) ಟኈಟ஢ 1979(7,613) 1974(6,090) 1969(3,965) ༤ኈಟ஢ 1982(621) 1977(659) 1972(544) ຓᩍ䠄ຓᡭྵ䜐䠅 1990(3,892) 1985(4,380) 1980(4,713) ㅮᖌ 1995(1,658) 1990(1,712) 1985(1,821) ෸ᩍᤵ䠄ຓᩍᤵྵ䜐䠅 2000(3,979) 1995(4,390) 1990(4,489) ᩍᤵ 2010(3,205) 2005(5,183) 2000(6,503) 1977ᖺᗘ༞䠄2010ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 1972ᖺᗘ༞䠄2005ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 1967ᖺᗘ༞䠄2000ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 ㎰Ꮫ ་Ꮫ 9.5% 6.2% 3.5% 5.1% 3.8% 2.6% 2.0% 5.8% 4.1% 4.3% 3.9% 3.0% 1.8% _1.5% 2.9% 2.1% 4.3% 3.7% 3.5% 1.2% 1.7% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% Ꮫ㒊༞ᴗ 1977(13,104) 1972(11,884) 1967(8,400) ಟኈಟ஢ 1979(1,266) 1974(1,205) 1969(720) ༤ኈಟ஢ 1982(282) 1977(234) 1972(164) ຓᩍ䠄ຓᡭྵ䜐䠅 1990(1,046) 1985(1,196) 1980(1,270) ㅮᖌ 1995(264) 1990(270) 1985(282) ෸ᩍᤵ䠄ຓᩍᤵྵ䜐䠅 2000(730) 1995(1,089) 1990(1,128) ᩍᤵ 2010(690) 2005(776) 2000(990) 1977ᖺᗘ༞䠄2010ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 1972ᖺᗘ༞䠄2005ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 1967ᖺᗘ༞䠄2000ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 40.6% 17.0% 5.0% 13.1% 8.6% 9.8% 9.1% 39.3% 12.8% 4.8% 12.4% 6.2% 6.1% 11.0% 34.9% 10.8% 4.6% 12.9% 6.6% 5.1% 6.9% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Ꮫ㒊༞ᴗ 1977(15,289) 1972(12,431) 1967(7,902) ಟኈಟ஢ 1979(564) 1974(483) 1969(316) ༤ኈಟ஢ 1982(1,332) 1977(791) 1972(1,145) ຓᩍ䠄ຓᡭྵ䜐䠅 1990(11,872) 1985(10,897) 1980(9,288) ㅮᖌ 1995(4,010) 1990(3,621) 1985(3,067) ෸ᩍᤵ䠄ຓᩍᤵྵ䜐䠅 2000(3,177) 1995(3,051) 1990(2,928) ᩍᤵ 2010(3,218) 2005(3,202) 2000(3,473) 1977ᖺᗘ༞䠄2010ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 1972ᖺᗘ༞䠄2005ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 1967ᖺᗘ༞䠄2000ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 ᅗ  ␲ఝࢥ࣮࣍ࢺ࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⏕࡜ᩍဨ࡟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶẚ⋡㸦ศ㔝ู㸧 ኱Ꮫࡢタ⨨⪅ู ኱Ꮫࡢタ⨨⪅ู࡟ዪᛶẚ⋡ࢆぢࡓ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ_{  ࡟♧ࡍࠋ5HVHDUFK 8QLYHUVLW\ 㸦ᅜ❧  ኱Ꮫࠊ⚾❧  ኱} Ꮫ㸧࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟⮬↛⛉Ꮫ⣔ࡢ◊✲኱Ꮫࡣᅜ❧኱Ꮫ࡟ከ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࠊᅜ❧኱Ꮫࢆ◊✲኱Ꮫࡢ௦᭰࡜ࡳ ࡞ࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ㐣ཤࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᏛ⏕ࡀฟ㌟ᰯࡢᩍဨ࡟᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡿ࢖ࣥࣈ࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡀከ࠸ ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ኱Ꮫᩍဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ᑵ⫋ࡍࡿᏛ⏕ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶฟ㌟ᰯ࠾ࡼࡧྠ୍タ⨨⪅ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟ᑵ⫋ࡍࡿ࡜ ࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᏛ⏕࡜ᩍဨࡢ᥋⥆࡟ὀពࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ  ඲య࡛ࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡲࡎຓᩍ࡛ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀಟኈࡸ༤ኈㄢ⛬ಟ஢⪅࡟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶẚ⋡ࡼࡾ㧗 ࠸ഴྥࡣࠊ඲࡚ࡢタ⨨⪅࡛ྠᵝ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ഴྥࡣᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡼࡾࡶබ❧኱Ꮫࡸ⚾❧኱Ꮫ࡛㢧 ⴭ࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟ࡟ⱝ࠸ୡ௦࡯࡝ࠊຓᩍ࠿ࡽᩍᤵ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡢῶᑡࡀᨵၿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊ ࡸࡣࡾ඲タ⨨⪅࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢࢥ࣮࣍ࢺ࡛ࡶୖ఩ࡢ⫋㝵࡯࡝ዪ ᛶẚ⋡ࡀపࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊᅜ❧኱Ꮫ࡜⚾❧኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊබ❧኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣ ࡴࡋࢁ෸ᩍᤵ࡜ᩍᤵࡢẚ⋡ࢆẚ࡭ࡿ࡜⫋㝵ࡀ㧗࠸ᩍᤵ࡯࡝ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋබ❧኱Ꮫ࡛ ࡣ┳ㆤศ㔝➼ࢆ᪂タࡋࡓࡓࡵ࡟ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸㸦ຍ㔝㸧ࡇ࡜➼ࡀᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿࠋ_  タ⨨⪅㛫ࡢ≉ᚩࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊࡲࡎᅜ❧኱Ꮫ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚බ❧኱Ꮫ࡜⚾❧኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣᩍဨࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋ༤ኈㄢ⛬ಟ஢⪅࡟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶẚ⋡ࡣタ⨨⪅㛫࡛኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᅜ❧኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣ⮬↛⛉ Ꮫ⣔ࡀከ࠸࡞࡝ศ㔝ᵓᡂࡢ㐪࠸ࡸࠊຍ⸨➼㸦_{㸧࠿ࡽࡣྠ୍ศ㔝ෆ࡛ࡶ⏨ᛶࡣᅜ❧኱Ꮫ࡛໅ົࡋࡸࡍ} ࠸ഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋḟ࡟ࠊຓᩍ࠿ࡽᩍᤵ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡢῶᑡࢆᩍဨᩘࡀከ࠸ᅜ ❧኱Ꮫ࡜⚾❧኱Ꮫࡢ㛫࡛ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜ࠊ⚾❧኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡼࡾࡶ୍㈏ࡋ࡚ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࡀࠊῶᑡ๭ྜ ࡣྠࡌࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸦 ᖺࡢࢥ࣮࣍ࢺ࡛ぢࡿ࡜ࠊ᥇⏝⋡ࡣᅜ❧኱Ꮫ࡛ 㸣ࠊ⚾❧኱Ꮫ࡛ 㸣ࠊᩍ ᤵࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡣᅜ❧኱Ꮫ _{㸣ࠊ⚾❧኱Ꮫ 㸣ࠋᩍᤵ࡟࡞ࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ῶᑡࡍࡿᗘྜ࠸ࡣᅜ❧኱Ꮫ࡛ࡶ} ⚾❧኱Ꮫ࡛ࡶ_{ ᖺᗘࡢ್࡛⣙  ࡛࠶ࡾྠࡌ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦 ᖺࡢᩍᤵ⫋࡛ぢࡿ࡜ࠊຓᩍ࠿ࡽᩍᤵ} ࡲ࡛ࡢῶᑡࡣᅜ❧኱Ꮫ_{㸣࣏࢖ࣥࢺࠊ⚾኱Ꮫ❧ 㸣࣏࢖ࣥࢺ㸧㸧ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᩍᤵࡢዪᛶẚ⋡࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜ} ❧኱Ꮫ࡜⚾❧኱Ꮫࡢᕪ␗ࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶຓᩍ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᥇⏝᫬ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ຓᩍ࠿ࡽᩍᤵ࡬࡜⫋㝵ࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿ๭ྜ࡟タ⨨⪅㛫࡛ᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊᅜ❧ࡸ⚾ ❧࡜ゝࡗࡓタ⨨⪅࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎ኱Ꮫࡢዪᛶᩍဨࡀ➼ࡋࡃᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿㄢ㢟ࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊศ㔝ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆྵࡵ タ⨨⪅ᅛ᭷ࡢㄢ㢟ࡀ」㞧࡟ධࡾ⤌ࢇࡔࡓࡵ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ⠊ᅖࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ゎࢆᑟࡃࡇ࡜ࡣฟ ᮶࡞࠸ࡀࠊ௒ᚋศᯒࡀ῝ࡲࡾ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ_

ᅜ❧ බ❧ 25.1% 6.9% 6.2% 9.8% 9.4% _8.7% 7.4% 20.4% 5.9% _5.4% 8.9% 7.8% 6.5% 6.3% 19.9% 5.6% 5.6% 9.0% 6.7% 5.0% 4.6% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Ꮫ㒊༞ᴗ 1977(66,239) 1972(61,098) 1967(45,997) ಟኈಟ஢ 1979(9,846) 1974(8,135) 1969(5,813) ༤ኈಟ஢ 1982(2,336) 1977(2,129) 1972(1,966) ຓᩍ䠄ຓᡭྵ䜐䠅 1990(17,300) 1985(17,608) 1980(16,678) ㅮᖌ 1995(5,409) 1990(5,246) 1985(4,859) ෸ᩍᤵ䠄ຓᩍᤵྵ䜐䠅 2000(16,717) 1995(15,638) 1990(14,562) ᩍᤵ 2010(21,704) 2005(21,821) 2000(20,463) 1977ᖺᗘ༞䠄2010ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 1972ᖺᗘ༞䠄2005ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 1967ᖺᗘ༞䠄2000ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 32.8% 12.6% _{8.7% 14.1%} 13.5% 17.3% 17.5% 27.4% 11.9% 7.0% 14.5% 9.9% 10.9% 14.9% 22.3% 9.0% 6.3% 15.7% 8.6% 8.9% 12.0% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Ꮫ㒊༞ᴗ 1977(9,533) 1972(9,810) 1967(7,410) ಟኈಟ஢ 1979(642) 1974(656) 1969(535) ༤ኈಟ஢ 1982(230) 1977(201) 1972(205) ຓᩍ䠄ຓᡭྵ䜐䠅 1990(2,156) 1985(2,143) 1980(2,185) ㅮᖌ 1995(1,198) 1990(916) 1985(852) ෸ᩍᤵ䠄ຓᩍᤵྵ䜐䠅 2000(2,587) 1995(1,979) 1990(1,567) ᩍᤵ 2010(4,445) 2005(4,015) 2000(3,463) 1977ᖺᗘ༞䠄2010ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 1972ᖺᗘ༞䠄2005ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 1967ᖺᗘ༞䠄2000ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 ⚾❧ 23.0% 14.1% 8.6% 20.1% 16.3% 17.1% 14.5% 18.8% 10.9% 6.6% 19.9% 14.0% 14.1% 11.7% 15.6% 9.5% 6.0% 20.7% 12.5% 11.5% 9.5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Ꮫ㒊༞ᴗ 1977(264,047) 1972(222,038) 1967(134,011) ಟኈಟ஢ 1979(5,358) 1974(5,041) 1969(3,002) ༤ኈಟ஢ 1982(1,403) 1977(927) 1972(935) ຓᩍ䠄ຓᡭྵ䜐䠅 1990(14,652) 1985(13,551) 1980(12,305) ㅮᖌ 1995(10,927) 1990(10,138) 1985(9,006) ෸ᩍᤵ䠄ຓᩍᤵྵ䜐䠅 2000(15,568) 1995(13,890) 1990(12,609) ᩍᤵ 2010(42,638) 2005(39,104) 2000(34,211) 1977ᖺᗘ༞䠄2010ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 1972ᖺᗘ༞䠄2005ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 1967ᖺᗘ༞䠄2000ᖺᗘ ᩍᤵ䠅 ᅗ _{ ␲ఝࢥ࣮࣍ࢺ࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⏕࡜ᩍဨ࡟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶẚ⋡㸦タ⨨⪅ู㸧} ⤖ㄽ࡜⪃ᐹ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫᩍဨࡢ⫋㝵ࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀప࠸⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㧗⫋㝵ࡢዪᛶᩍဨࡀಟᏛࡋ࡚࠸ ࡓ᫬௦ࡢ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕࡟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀࡑࡶࡑࡶప࠸ࡓࡵ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ⫋㝵ࡀୖࡀࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ዪᛶ๭ྜࡀῶࡿ ࡓࡵ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ᪤Ꮡ◊✲࡛ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓୡ௦ࡼࡾࡶⱝ࠸ୡ௦ࡸศ㔝ู࠾ࡼࡧタ⨨⪅ู࡟ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊ ࡼࡾⱝ࠸ୡ௦ࡢࢥ࣮࣍ࢺศᯒ࡛ࡣࠊ඲యⓗ࡟᪤Ꮡᩥ⊩࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡜ྠᵝࡢഴྥࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓຓ ᩍ⫋ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀ኱Ꮫ㝔ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸ࡢࡣࠊᩍᤵ⫋࡞࡝࡟⧅ࡀࡽ࡞࠸ຓᡭ⫋㸦ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀ㐣༙ ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ㸧ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⮬↛⛉Ꮫ⣔_{ ศ㔝ࡢഴྥࢆぢࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ඲ศ㔝࡛♧ࡉ} ࢀࡓ ࡘࡢഴྥࡢ࠺ࡕⱝ࠸ୡ௦࡯࡝ຓᩍ࠿ࡽᩍᤵ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡢῶᑡࡀᨵၿࡍࡿഴྥࡣ☜ㄆࡉ ࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ඲ศ㔝࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓഴྥࡣࠊேᩥࡸ♫఍⛉Ꮫศ㔝࡞࡝௚ศ㔝ࡢഴྥ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡓྍ⬟ ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋศ㔝ࡢᐃ⩏࡬ࡢ␃ព࠿ࡽ⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡀࠊᨵၿࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ഴྥࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ ࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊศ㔝ูࡢഴྥࢆᢕᥱࡋᑐ⟇ࢆ❧࡚ࡿᚲせᛶࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡿࠋタ⨨⪅㛫࡛ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆぢࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ බ❧࡛ࡣ෸ᩍᤵࡸᩍᤵ࡞࡝⫋㝵ࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀቑ࠼ࡿഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸦ຓᩍ࠿ࡽㅮᖌࡣู㸧ࠋࡇ ࢀࡣᅜ❧ࡸ⚾❧࡛ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ⚾❧ࡀ᥇⏝ࡍࡿᩍဨࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡣ⣙_{㸣࡛࠶ࡾᅜ❧ࡢ⣙  ಸࡔࡀࠊᩍ} ᤵࡲ࡛ࡢῶᑡ๭ྜࡣ࡯ࡰ➼ࡋ࠸ࠋῶᑡ๭ྜࡣୡ௦ࡀⱝ࠸࡯࡝ᨵၿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ࠸ࡗࡑ࠺ࡢᨵၿࡢవᆅࢆ ṧࡍࠋ ௒ᅇࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡᩥ⊩ࡼࡾࡶⱝ࠸ୡ௦ࠊศ㔝ูࠊタ⨨⪅ู࡟ぢ࡚ࡶࠊຓᩍ⫋ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀ኱Ꮫ㝔 ࡢዪᛶẚ⋡ࡼࡾࡶୗᅇࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⫋㝵ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ዪᛶẚ⋡ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࡢ ࢆ␃ࡵࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ≉࡟༤ኈᏛ⏕࡟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶẚ⋡ࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢዪᛶ◊✲⪅ࢆቑࡸࡍࡇ ࡜࡟⧅ࡀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿࡟ࡣศ㔝ࡸタ⨨⪅࡟ࡼࡿ㐪࠸ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡘࡘศᯒ࠿ࡘᑐ⟇ࢆ❧࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡀᥦゝࡉࢀࡿࠋ_ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

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