奈良教育大学学術リポジトリNEAR
To Realign Science Education with the Demands of the Current Age―(II)
著者 IKEO Kazuko
journal or
publication title
奈良教育大学教育研究所紀要
volume 8
page range 19‑38
year 1972‑03‑15
URL http://hdl.handle.net/10105/6256
To Rea1ign Science Education with the Demands of the C㎜rrent Age
@ (皿)Kazuko IKEO
C加㎜ ω L わrωθげ. M町。σ刺眺 jけ。∫亙〃。刎 oπ,Mω〃
Japan has been finding herself in the clamoI of demand for years for modernization of science eduCatiOn.
The matter has occupied my thoughts,too,110wever,I have found it difficu1t to caπy on discussions on the subject effectiv61y without looking at what is being done overseas,sime Japan is」a historica11y mono1ingual and monoethnic mtion isolated geo阻aphica11y from the rest
of the wor1d,
To begin with,I took part Iast year㎞a阻。up ofTheJapan Science Teaching Society who visited the United Kingdom and some Continenta1Eu正。pean countries where they have diversified historica1backgrounds,peoples and1anguages and shaIe b0fder1㎞es with one another except the msular country of EngIand,and had an opportun1ty to v1s1t persona11y the NUFFIELD Science−Project at London,Frankfu1t Project at Frankfu1t and severa1 otber institutes and laboratories on the Continent,of which NUFF肥LD Science Project wos brief1y cover6d in our previous report(Journa1of Science Education,voI.一1.1970,pub1ished by The Jap日n Science
Te田。hing Society).
This year,as a member of The Tokyo Science Teachers G正。up(a group ofThe Japan Science
Teaching Society)I had a chance to investigate v釦Iious science teaching Projects develoPe(1and
practised in the United St日tes which has a re1atiw1y short mtioml history,a huge materhl civilization and an enormous uncu1tivated or desert狐ea,where a sing1e tongue,that is,EngIish is spoken by a cong1omerate of peoples of various ethnic backgrounds,from which emerges theracia1discrimination problem that is affecting socia1,po1itical and educ日tion剋issues.The outc正y for the modernization of scien㏄education in the United States is said to have been triggered
by the RussiaIls Sputnik I launched successfu皿y in1957.Among the major scien㏄teachingprojects deve1oped and pushed forward on the p1ot or fu11practicaI sca1e by various institutes
or u㎞versities,with the respective features and in different regional en竹。nments,that we visited are those summe正ized in Fig.1−owing to1imited sPace,Last year when we visited various European institutes and universities,we bmught with us a
seIies of six elementary science books and a series of three junior science text books in t ho
Japanese1anguage contempomrny used in Japan with the view to introducing the pr㎞肛y andjunior high science education in Japan and to invitingcomments on them of British and Eu正。pean science educators, but a1as! they seIved litt1e purpose as they had no English or trans1ated VerSiOnS.
Che1sea Co11ege,University of London,had been given by,earlier Japanese visitors some vo1umes in Japanese of a book intmducing the NUFFIELD Project which, however,seemed tO tllem to be just as㎜egib1e as hiero虫iph and one of the members of NUFFIELD committee,
during our discussions,presented us with one fat vo1ume of it for servicing back in Japan rather
thm in EngIand.Such experiences had told me of the indispensabi1ity for me to translate the Japanese text books intended for such purposes into Eng1ish,poor as it may be,as shown in Fig.2,whic11 se正ved considemb1y in exchanging information and many American scientists said
those Japanese text books in English trans1ation were the fi正st they had ever seen and high1y
apPrecioted them.The Science Teaching Center at the University of Mary−and in Co11ege Park had its praiseworthy
libmηwith an Gnormous co11ection of books,1iterature and data on scien㏄education from v止tua1Iy a11the countries the wor1d over,of which those from Japan occupied on1y;fmctionof the space on a she1f,no more than twenty centimeters in width,for a couple of dozens of books written in Japanese. They≡ire aPParently of iitt1e value to the non−Japanese visitors as we11as to the rese町。heエs there due tothe language barrier and not at a11日dequate for the purpose of introducing the current status of the science educ3tion in Japan.Miss Zena Greene,secretary to Dr−J,David Lockard,1)irector of the IS−2Project,had requested us to send them mate正ia1s
on science teaching and experimenta1equipment deveioped and being used in Japan.The present report is meant,of course,for the Japanese audience,but written in Eng1ish fo正
possib1e chances for me to discuss further with those American scientists and educators I had
met on thequestionscovered bythisreport.Whue I hope it to be1egib1e to the reader I have paid specia1attention to using termino1ogy in
American English,whi1e in preparjng tmm1ated versions for Europe we shou1d use expressionsin Britishism,for there are quite a few disparities between American md British usage in science termino1ogy,such as;
Americanism Britishism Physical Chemistry Physco Chemistry
PhysicaI education Physica1Recreation sma11bu1b torch bulb
dry ce11 torch battery
etC. etC.
As a whoIe,it was rather easy for me to find in dictionaries academic or technica1terms in Eng1ish equiva1ent to the Japanese,but trans1ating popuIar names of common things into Eng1ish equiVa1entS WerenOtaneaSy aSSignment.
Speaking of translation,1have noticed some餌ave mistmns1日tions from EngIish to Japanese in an introductory artic1e published here on IPS (Introductory Physical Science) d eve1oped by EDC(Education Deve1opment Center)subsequent to their ESS Project(Elementary Science Study). The IPS has been exp肥ssed in Japanese as Junior PSSC and Introductory Physical Science as Butsuエi Kagaku Nyumon which has given us a wrong impression that the project IPS is concemed exc1usive1y with Physics ,notwithstanding the fact that the IPS actu…i11y
cove正s a much wider range of sciences concerning a11 non−1iving things that are hand1ed in Physics,
Chemistry,Geo1ogy and Mo1ecuie BioIogy,etc.
In order to getエid of misu血deIstandi11g from tfans1ated texts I am convinced of the importance of reading origina1texts in English as fa工as possibIe.
Each of the projects I have visited to study in the United States this time has its own goa1based
on its characteristic concept and is being promoted steadi1y bydevoted researchers andscientists
inc1uding a number of University professors. What has most impressed me is the beautiful cooperation and combination of various scientists working on those projects whe正e manypsychologists,sociologists and cu1tural anthropo1ogists also join,which suggests nothing but the fact those projects are being carried out in harmony with human science at1arge,that is,a1ways
with fuu consideration to the relationship between science educationandthe community.A−sO impressive was a c1ose tie−up between science md・mathematics teachings as seen in a11of the above American projects to deve1op new science cur−icu1ums.Last but not the least impressive point was an aff1uent fund,subsidized by NSF(National Science Found3tion)and other officialand private organizations,that was appropriated for each of those big projects.
Having seen most of the outstanding modem science education projects in Europe as weu as
in the United States and discussed with people working on those projects,l fee1I am given the scales of diffemet ca1ibration with which to measure the present status of the science education iIl Japan.My impression,if not conclusion,is that the science education current in Japan may
be caued the Mombusho Project bui1t up onap㏄uharhistorical background and moralclimateset off with those of European countries and the United States,p3rticularly in that the inter−
re1ationships are much looser between science−education science and the peripheric31science
such as mathematics,socio1ogy and pedagogical psycho1ogy and so forth and I strongly feeI the necessity for bui1ding up a common forum in which specia1ists and experts in a11these fie1ds may
participate and have more communication with overseas deve1opments in order to figure out a system that may have a greater adaptability to both natiom1and intemationa1demands1(to be contined)
San Fr劃ncisco:
SCIS●
Gmnd ●
Los Angels O C…myon
Niagam
Chicago
●
●
Boston:ESS, IPS,PS−2 & PSSC
New York:COPES
Mary1and:IS−2
Washington D.C.1Science−
AProcess
ApProach (AAAS)Fig.1(a)
Fig.1(b)
Name of the Director or
N副me田nd 0ther PersonsProj㏄t 0rigimtor Address We met
SCIS: D正.R.Karp1us Lawrence Hall of Prof.A.Portis:
Science
Science, Director of Lawrence
Curricu1um
University of Ca1if.
Ha11of ScienceImprovement
Berke1ey,Califomia, Mr.David W.Ridgway:Study 94720 Executive Director
CHEM Study
Some Other Members of The Hau&The Lab.
ESS1 Dr.R.R.Brown Education Development Mr.David Alexander
E1ementary Center Teaching Staff
Science 55Chape1Street,
Study Newton, Miss Gamldine K1ine
Massachusetts02160
IPS:
D正.Harber Schaim Dr.Joe H.Griffith
Introductory
Physi㎝1
D正.Judson Cross
Science Dr.James S.Strick1and
PS−2: IPS Group
Physica1
Some Other Staffs in
Science−2 charge
PSSC1
Prof.Jerro1d R.
Physical Zacharias&
Science
Prof.Francis L.
Study
Friedman
Committee
IS−2 Dr.J.David Internationa1 He1en De Bard&
Locka■d& C1earinghouse on Zen副Greene:
Dr.Regin日1d F. ScienceandMathematic Sec正etaries to Dr.J.D.
MeIton Curricu1ar Development Lockard
&the Science Teaching
Center
0ther members in charge
Univ6rsityofMary1andCo11egeP肛k,Maエylmd
20742
COPES: Prof.M.H,Shamos
COPES(ConceptuaHy Dr.Janice A.Cut1er
Conceptually & Oriented Progmm in M.J.Calhoun 0riented Dr.J.D.BamardElementary Science)
J.H.Rubinstein Progmm in New York University Dl R.Casperson E1ementary4Washingt∩n P1副㏄
A.A.Strassenburg Science Room502New York , ,A.H.Diamond
N.Y.l 0003
L.B.Arno1dD.Lynch
Other Staffs
Science一
Dr.Jhon R.Mayor AAAS(American0ther S亡affs in charge
A Process Association for the
ApPIoach
Advancement ofScien㏄)
1515Massachusetts
Avenue,N.W.,
Washington D,C.
20005
0ther P1a㏄svisited: Lowe11High School inSan Fmncisco,Jensen E1ementary School in Chicago&Woodrow Wilson High School in Washington D.C.
Fig.1(c〕
The Brief Introduction of Five E1ementary School Science Projects in USA
SClS:
SCIS usua11y identifies its purpose as the development of scientific1itemcy. One mportant aspect of sc1ent1f1c11teracy1s suff1c1ent know1edge and understandmg of the fundamenta1con㏄pts of both bio1ogicaI and physica1science for effective participation in twentieth century1ife of a11citizensl (Grades;Kinderg肛ten_6)
ESS:
The primary goa1of ESS has been to deve1op innovative science materia1s for chi1dren,
in the form of units which the schoo1can alτange in a va正iety of sequences to meet their
own requiエements.The progmms is a high1y individua1,experimenta1one in which a11 ch丑dren have access to the materials of Open−ended(rathe正than teacher or textbook−dhected)investigations. (Grades;K_8)
COPES:
The objectives of COPES is to deve1op an e1ementary science curriccu1um based upon se1㏄ted great ideas or conceptu刈schemes in science.The u1timate goal is to he1p deve1op a scientific1itemcy by deve1oping an understanding of the nature of matter
(both animate and inanimate)in terms of a few basic schemes, Each concept,each conceptua1scheme,is pTesented in a K_6structura11earning sequence with the purpose of contributing to this understanding.The concepts are organized in a spira1hierarchy which is both scientifica11y and pedagogica11y logicaI. (Grades;K_6)
Science−A Process Approach:
Science−A Process Approach was deve1oped over a six−year period,1962−68,under the sponsorship of the AAAS Commission011Scien㏄Education,The program is designed to present instruction in scien㏄which is inte11ectu汕y stimulating and scientificauy
authenic. It is based upon the be1ief that an unde1=standing of the scientific apProach
to gaining know1edge of man s wor1d has a fundamental importance as a part of the genera1education of any chi1dl (Gmdes;K_ 6)MINNEMAST(Minnesota Mathematics and Science Teaching Project*):
MINNEMAST was the first project to work on a coordinated mathematics and science
curricuIum a p正。gram in which science and m田thematics,a1though sound in themse1ves,
have the廿 interrelationships exploited to the fu11est. This was in accord with the
**recommendation of the Cambridge Conference and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. (Grades;K_6)
‡MINNEMAST wherewedid notvisit.
舳EDC,Inc.Go刻s for the Corre1ation of E1ementary Science and Mathematics:
The report of the Cambridge Conference on Correlation of Science and
Mathematics in Schoo1s1969.
Refer to Dev61opment in正11ementary School Scien㏄
AreportofSevenRegiona1Conferencesfor
School Administrator,pub1ished by AAAS
Fig.2
A Series Elementary Scien㏄Texts book in six,pub1ished by KEIRINKAN1970
fiIst−grade 1年一
1. Spring F1owers
はるのはな
22. Rabbits and Chickens うさぎとにわとワ
3. P1anting Morning−9コ。rミes
あさがおのたねまき4. Go1d−Fish
きんぎょ
5. Taking Care of Morning−glories
あさがおのせわ6. The Sun and The Shade ひなたとひかげ
7. The Morning−glories and Its F]uid
あさがおのはなとしる8. Rocks and Stones いしころ
9. Invisib1e Writing and Drawing
あぶワだし
10. See−Saw
しΨ・そう
. Sand−Whee1
すなぐるま
12. Shadow−Pictures
かげえ
13. Magnets
じしゃく
SuPp1ements:ふろく・
Blo5soms on trees刮nd shmbs
Garden Flowers
Wi1d Flowers
Contents も< じ
2
6
12
14
18
20 24
30 3642 46
5261
second−grade 2年 Co11teIlts もくじ
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
.0.
1.
.2.
.3.
.4.
.5.
.6.
The Sun and The Directions たいよう とほうがく
P1anting in Sprin8; ・ ・
はるのたねまき
Living Things in Ponds and Rivers
いけや川のいきもの Ba1100nS
ゴムふうせん
How to grow Flowering P1ants くさばなのそだちかた Insects and Spiders in Summer
なつの虫
Co11ecting Seeds and P1anting in Fa11
あきのたねとワとたねまき
Where does Rainwater go?・
雨水のゆくえ
W3terwhee1水車
Whee1(WindwheeIジ がさ車
SOap Bubbles しゃぽんだま Ba1ancing Toy やじろべえ C10uds and Sun1ight くもと 日ざし
Pipes,Flutes and Whistles using Paper
かみぶえToy Telephones 糸でんわ
How to Iight a Sma11Bulb
まめ鷲鰯つけかた
.7. P1ants and mowers in Ear1y Sp正ing
はるさきのくさ木Supp1ements:ふろく.
14
20
2428 32 36
4046 50
54 5862 66 70
、74 77
Living Things at The Sea Side
InSeCtS
C1ouds
th辻d−gr刮de
3年Contentsもくじ11 Rapes
あぶらな
2. Living Things in Spring
春といきもの
3. Frogs and Tadpo1es・
かえるとおたまじゃくし
41 Smau Cabbage Butternies もんしろちょう5. Tempemture of Soi1and Water.
土や水の温度
6. Gourd Seedlings
へちまのなえ
7. Soi1
土
8. Gourd B1ossoms へちまの花
9. Different Shapes and Movement of the Moon
月の形とうごき
10. Gouエds
へちまの実
11. Bu1bs
球根
12. Living Things in Fa11・
秋といきもの
13. Paper Wad Gun(Spit Ba11Gun)
紙玉てっぽう 14, Water Gun・
水てっぽう
15. Sunlight and Mirmrs かがみと日光
16. How W㎞dmi11s work・
風車のはたらき
17, How to connect A Small Bu1b with A dry Battery・
τん酬
まめ電球のつなぎ方
18. Magnetic Polesじしゃくのきエく
10
16
22 32 38
44
50 5462
66 72
8086
92
100 106 11219. How Boric Acid disso1ves・
ほうさんのとけ方
SuPP1ements:ふろく・120
125Seasons and Living Things,
How Worms md Insects墜。w,
How to use an A1coho1−bumer.
fourth−grade
4年 Contents
もくじ1. Temperature of Air 。一。一。.。......。一。.。.、、. 4
空気の温度(1) Variation Temperature in Different Places 場所による温度のちがい
(2) Temper日ture Variation at Different Times日nd in Ditlerent Weather 時ごくや天気による気温のちがい
2, Patato SProuts ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ … 12
いものめばえ
(1) White Potatoes じゃがいものめばえ (2) Sweet Potatoes さつまいものめばえ
3. Sun1ight and Magnifying G1asses 一一.。。一..一.。.。。一.18 虫めがねと日光
(1) Sun1ight passing through a magnifying g1ass
虫めがねを通る日光(2) Lightness and Heat Strength of Focussed Sun1ight 集った日光の明るさとあたたかさ
(3) Large and Sm3H Magnifying Glasses 大きな虫めがねと小さな虫めがね
4. Drosophi1a(A kind of F1y) ...。一。..。一......。。.26 しょうじ』=うばえ
(1) Activity of F1ies at Diffemet Temperatures はえの活動と温度
(2) How F1ies are Reproduced at Different Tempemtures はえのふえ方と温度
5. How Potatoes grow。。....。。一.・・・・・・・・・・… 34 いもの育ち方
(1) HowlWhite−Potat06s與。w
じゃがいもの育ち方(2) The Seedling of Sweet−Pot8toes さつまいものなえ
6. Cuttings
さし木
(1) Stem−Cutting in Water 水にさした草木 (2) How Cuttings grow さし木の育ち方
7. Sta正s and Conste11ations
星と星座
(1) The Big Dipper 北斗七星 (2) The Po1ar Star 北極星
(3〕 Stars in The Northern Sky
北の空の星
(4) Various Conste11ations いろいろな星座
8. Crickets こおろぎ
(1) Where Crickets1ive and What They eat 住んでいる場所と食べ物
(2) Singing Crickets and Non−Singing Crickets
鳴くこおろぎと鳴かないこおろぎ(3) Insect and Spider Families
虫のなかま9. How Running Streams Function
流れる水のはたらき
(1) Water−Streams md L3nd−Cutting 川の流れと土地のようす (2) How Water−Streams Function 川の流れのはたらき
(3) How Sea Water Functions 海の水のはたらき Supplements:ぶるい Consteuations in Summer Consteuations in Winter
How to use A Star−Chart Disc
SC肥NCE IV 4年下 もくじ
The Contents of the Last Vo1ume44
50
60
68
78
fourth−9a 4年Co11tontsもくじ
1Ol Food for Roots and Seeds…
いもやたねのようぷん
(1) Food for Potato じゃがいものよラぶん(2) Properties of Sta正。h
でんぷんのせいしつ
(3) Food for Wheat小麦のようぷん
(4) Food for the Rape Seeds あぷらなのたねのようぶん11. How P1ants grow in Co1d ・
寒さと草木の育ち
(1) Plants in Winter and Circ皿mstantia1Tempemture
冬の草木と気温
(2) How the P1ants grow in A Green−House 温室の草木の育ち
12. How Air and Water expand as Temperature changes
温度と空気や水のふくれ方
(1) How Air expands
空気のふくれ方
(2) How Water expands水のふくれ方
131 Ice and Vapor 氷と水じょう気(1) Water md Ice
水と氷
(2) How water boi1s
湯のわき方
(3) Steam md Vapor湯気と水じょう気 14. Ba1ancingofABaIance、、
てんびんのつワあい
(1) Ba1ancing of the Arms of a Ba1ance てんびんのうでのつワあい (2) Ba1ancing of Weights on Both Sides 右左のおもりとつワあい
(3) Ba1ance(Rough Ba1ance)
土ざらてんびん
4
18
26
34
.46
15. ASo1utionofTab1e−Sa1t。..一.、一..・。.。。。.、.一..54 食塩水
(1) How Tab1e−Salt dissoIves
食塩のとげ方
(2) How to recover Tab1e−SaIt once disso1ved
食塩の取り出し方
16. Weight of Things:FIoating and Sinking ・・・・・・・・・・… 62 物の重さとうきしずみ
(1) Comparing Weights
物の重さくらべ
(2) F1oating and Sinking of Things.
物のうきしずみ
(3) Floating and Sinking of Things in Tab1e−Sa1t Water
食塩水でのうきしずみ
17. How to connect Dry Ce11s .、.一。。.一..。..。..・・. 70 かん電池のつなぎ方
(1) How the brightness of a Sma11Bulb changes byDifferent ways of connecting Dry Ce11s
かん電気のつなぎ方とまめ電球の明るさ
(2) How the Current changes by Different ways of connecting Dry Ce11s
かん電池のつなぎ方と電流
(3) How soon the DTy Ce11s1ose their Power by Different ways of connection
かん電池のったぎ方と弱ワ方
Supp1ements:ふろく・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・… 80
How to use MicroscopeSCIENCE IV4年上 もくじ
The Contents of The First VoIume
fifth−grade 5年
1. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide .
酸素と二酸化炭素
(1) Air and How Fire Bums
火のもえ方と空気
(2) 0xygen酸素
(3) Carbon Dioxide
二酸化炭素
Contents もくじ
4
2. SProuting of Seeds
種子の発芽
(1) Sprouting 発芽(2) Composition of Seeds 種子のつくワ
(3) How Roots and Sprouts deve1op 根や芽ののび方
3. Paddy Seeds and Seedlings ・ 、
いねの種子となえ
(1) Paddy Seeding もみまき(2) Sprouting of Paddy Seeds もみの発芽
(3) Transp1anting of Paddy Seed1ings たえの植えかえ
4. Wind and Weather
風と天気
(1) Wind and Air Temperature 風と気温
(2) Wind Direction and Ve1ocity 風の向きと強さ
(3) Wind and Humidity 風と空気のしめワけ (4) Weather Changes 天気の変化
5. The Body of A Fish and Its Growth
魚のからだと育ち方
(1) External Shape of Crucian Carp ふなの外形
(2) Physica1Construction of them ふなのからだのつくワ
(3) Bones and Muscles ほねときん肉 (4) How Fish Grow 魚の育ち方
6. Humm Bodies 人のからだ
(1) Bones and Musc1es in the Body 全身のほねときん肉
(2) Sensation 感覚
20
28
36
46
58
(3) Passage of Foods 食物の通る道 (4) Breathing
こきゅう(5) B100dPiPes 血液のめぐる道
(6) 1…二■crotiom はΨ・出(7) Orga鵬and The ir Systems
器官と器官けい
7. Green Water−P1mts
水草
(1) Floating Wate「一P1antsうきくさ
Eicohhorinia crassipes Spirodela po1yrhiza(W刎er−Hyac1州h、
ほていあおい (2) Water−Plants:
Hydri11a vertici1ata,Nuphar japonicum <るも こうほね
8. Paddy B1ossoms and How to change Them into Their Fruits いねの花と実のでき方
(1) Paddy Shooting いねのかぶ分かれ
(2) Paddy Blossomsレ・ねの花
(3) Paddy Fruits
レ・ねの実(4) Life of Paddy
レ・確ω一生Supp1ements:ふろく How to use Test−Tubes
SCIENClヨV5年下 もくじ
The Contents of The Last Vo1ume
fifth−grade 5年 CO11.ents
9, Strata(Layers of Soil and Rocks)
地そう
(1) Structure of Strata 地そラのつくワ (2) How Strata are formed 地そラのでき方
もくじ
72
82
88
4
(3) Strata and Cong1omerate Rocks
地そうとたい積岩
(4) Strata and Underground Water
地そうと地下水
10. How Light Trave1s
光の進み方
(1) Light Trave11ing in a Straight Line
光の直進
(2) Renection of Light
光の反しゃ
(3) Refraction o{Light
光のくっ折
11. Sounds
音
(1) How Sounds trave1
音の伝わワ方
(2) Strong and Weak Sounds
強い音と弱い音
(3) Sounds of High and Low Pitch
高い音と低い昔
12. How Things get Warm・・ ..
物のあたたまワ方
(1) Heat and The Tempemture of Things
熱と物の温度
(2) How Meta1s get heated
金物のあたたまり方
(3) How Water gets Warm水のあたたまリ方
(4) How Air gets Warm空気のあたたまり方
13. Movements of Starts
星の動き
(1) 0bservation of Conste11ations
星座の観測
(2) Movements of Conste11ation in the Northem Sky
北の空の星座の動き
(3) Movements of Conste11ations in the Southem Sky
南の空の星座の動き
(4) Movements of Conste11ations Over−head
頭上の星座の動き
(5) Movements of Stars in The Who1e Sky
空全体の星の動き
14
26
38
48
14, Levers・ ・
てこ
(1) Thrning Point(Fu1crum)
てこで力のはたらく点
(2) Lever with The Fulcmm in The Midd1e 支点が中にあるてこ
(3) LeveI with The Fulcmm at One End 支点がはしにあるてこ
(4) Load on The Fulcrum 支点にかかる力
151 Heat Generation by E1ectric Cunent.一
電流による発熱
(1) Heat Coi1and Conductive Wire 、..
電熱線と導線
(2) Amount of E1eotric Current Passing through A Heat CoiI 電熱線を通る電流の強さ
(3) How The Amount of Heat Generation varies by Different Amounts of E1ectric Current
電流の強さによる発熱のちがい 16. Properties of Aqueous Solution一
小よう液のせいしっ
(1) So1ub1es
水にとけるもの(2) Substan㏄s Generating Heat Whi1e Being disso1ved in Water 水にとけるとき発熱するもの
(3〕 So1utions conducting Electricity
電気を通しやすい小よう液(4) Acidic,Nautrous and Basic So1utions 酸性,中性,アルカリ性の液
(5) Changes in Aqueous Solution when heated 小よう液を熱したときの変化
SuPP1ements:ふろく
Change in co1or of BTB So1ution
56
68
76
88
SCIENCE V 5年上 もくじ
The Contents of The First Vo1ume
sixth−grade6年Comtenお
もくじ 1. How Things are heated by Sun1i敏t 4日光による物のあたたまり方
(1) Sunlight and Heat
目先と熱
(2) How Things町e heated by Different Strengths of Sun1ight 目先の強さと物のあたたまワ方
(3) How Things in Different ways are heated by The Sun 日光をうけるものとそのあたたまワ方
(4) How Things on The Earth are changed by The Light and Heat of
The Sun
太陽から出る光や熱による地球上の変化
2. Convex Lenses and Concave Mirrors.。 14
とつレンズとおう面鏡
(1) How a Convex Lens works とつレンズのはたらき (2) How a Concave Mirror works
おう面鏡のはたらき
3. Composition and Activities of P1ants.. 26
草木のつくリとはたらき
(1) P1ants3nd Sun1ight
草木と日光
(2) P1ants and Water草木と水
4. Fores1≡ 。 36
森林
(1) How a Forest1ooks
森林のすがた
(2) How a Forest里。ws 森林のつくり(3〕 Intenelation betweell the woods grew in包FOrest 森林の植物どうしのっながリ
(4) How a Tree距0ws
木の育ち方
5, Moldミmd Mushrooms・、、..。.。、 48
かびときのこ(1) Mo1d
かび
(2) Mushroomsきのこ
6. Sma11Living Things(Creatures)in Water.、
水中の小さな生物
(1) Smau Living Things found in water
水中で見られる小さな生物
(2) How Sma11Living Things breed in water 水中の小さな生物のふえ方
(3) Ba1anced Cyc1e of Life in Water
水中の生物のつりあい
7. Change in Temperature in Re1ation to The Movement of The Sun ・
太陽の動きと気温の変化
(1〕 The Movement of The Sun and ch日nges in Air Temperature through The Day
1日の太陽の動きと気温の変化
(2) The Movement of The Sun changes in Air Temperature in Different Seasons
季節による太陽の動きと気温の変化 8. An Egg and A Chicken。..
にわとDのたまごとひな
(1) Composition of An Egg たまごのつくワ
(2) How to warm Eggs for Hatching
たまごのあたため方
(3) How An Egg deve1ops
たまごの変化 (4) AChickenhatched
たまごからかえったひな9. How Food Works一一.
食物のはたらき
(1) Digestion of Food
食物の消化
(2) Absorption of Digested Food
消化したものの吸収
(3) How Absorbed Food works 吸収された養分のはたらき SupP1ements:ふろく・・Ce11sofARape
SCIENCEVI6年下 もくじ
The Contents of The Last Vo1ume
58
・68
78
88
.96
s放th−grade6年 Comte sも<じ
1O. How Things change as They are bumed物が燃えるときの変化
(1) How Wax and Alcohol bum.
ろうやアルコールの燃え方
(2) How Wood bums.木の燃え方
(3) Materies that emit Heat and Light.
熱や光を出す物
11. Changings in Meta1金属の変化
(1) Meta1Rust.
金属のさび
(2) Changes in Metal in Aqueou;Solutions.
小よう液による金属の変化
12一 〔lhanges in Aqueous So1ution小よう液の変化
(1) MixingofAqueous So1utions.
小よう液の混ぜ合せ
(2) NeutraIization of Aqueous So1utions.
小よう液の中和
(3) MixingofAqueous So1utions that are not neutra1ized.
中和しない液の混ぜ合わせ 13, Changes in VoIcanoes and The Earth
火山と土地の変化
(1) How Igneous Rock is made.
火成岩とそのでき方
(2) Eruptions from The Vo1cames a皿d Hot Springs.
火山のふん出物と温せん (3) Changes in The Earth.
土地の変化
14. Spring Ba1ances・ ・
ばねはかワ(1) Expansion of The Spring in Re1ation to weight.
物の重さとばねののび
(2) Force in Re1ation to weight.物の重さと力
15. The Pu11yミmd Its Ax1eかっ車と論じく
(1) Pu11y.
かつ車
4
14
24
36
48
56
(2) Ax1e.
論じく
16. Electric Magnets 68 電磁石
(1) How Electric Magnets work.
電磁石のはたらき
(2) Working of The Electrified Leading Wire.
電流の通っている導線のはたらき
(3) Electrodes.
電磁石の極
(4) Attraction of E1ectric Magnets.
電磁石の強さ
17. Rotation of The Ea正th 、. 78
地球の動き
(1) The Shapes of The Earth and The Moon一
地球と月の形
(2) Rotation of The Earth and The Moon.
地球と月の動き
Supplements:ふろく・ 88
The Sun,The Moon and The Earth.The Earth as seen through a Space−Ship which goes around The Moon.