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䠎䠌䠍䠏ᖺᏛ఩⏦ㄳㄽᩥ ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ㻌 ༤ኈ䠄ἲᏛ䠅

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(1)

䠎䠌䠍䠏ᖺᏛ఩⏦ㄳㄽᩥ ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ㻌 ༤ኈ䠄ἲᏛ䠅

㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ẚ㍑ἲ◊✲

㻌 䜟䛜ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛㔠⼥㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䞉┘╩ᶵᵓ䛾ᑗ᮶ീ

㻌 Ꮫ఩⏦ㄳ⪅㻌 㻌 㻌 ᆏᮾ㻌 ὒ⾜

(2)

1

―㻌 ┠㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ḟ㻌― ᗎㄽ

䠍㻌 㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛸ἲ 䠎㻌 ᮏ✏䛾┠ⓗ

䠏㻌 ᮏ✏䛾ᵓᡂ

➨䠍⦅㻌 ⡿ᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ኚ㑄

➨䠍❶㻌 ᘓᅜ䛛䜙༡໭ᡓத䜎䛷

➨䠍⠇䜰䝯䝸䜹ྜ⾗ᅜ䛾⊂❧䛸㐃㑥䞉ᕞᨻᗓ㛫䛾ᑐ❧

➨䠎⠇ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛸୰ኸ㖟⾜๰タ䜈䛾᣸ᢡ 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ➨୍ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛾๰❧䛸ኻᩋ 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ➨஧ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜

㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 McCulloch v. Maryland —㻌 㐃㑥ἲ䛾ඃ㉺

㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 䝆䝱䜽䝋䞁኱⤫㡿䛸㖟⾜ᡓத

➨䠏⠇䝙䝳䞊䝶䞊䜽⮬⏤㖟⾜

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䠍䠔䠏䠓ᖺ䛾㔠⼥ᜍៃ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ⮬⏤㖟⾜ἲ䛾ᡂ❧

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ⮬⏤㖟⾜ἲ䛾ෆᐜ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 Ᏻ඲ᇶ㔠ไᗘ䛸㖟⾜つไ

➨䠎❶㻌 ᅜἲ㖟⾜ἲไᐃ䛸㐃㑥‽ഛไᗘタ❧

➨䠍⠇༡໭ᡓத䛸ᅜἲ㖟⾜

㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䠍䠔䠑䠓ᖺ䛾㔠⼥ᜍៃ䛸㐃㑥つไ䛾Ḟዴ 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ༡໭ᡓத䛸㏻㈌ไᗘᨵ㠉

㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ᅜἲ㖟⾜ἲ䛾ไᐃ䛸஧ඖ㖟⾜ไᗘ

➨䠎⠇㐃㑥‽ഛไᗘ㻌 䠉㻌 ୰ኸ㖟⾜๰タ㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ␗ᴗ✀䛾ཧධ䛸㔠⼥䝟䝙䝑䜽

㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 㐃㑥‽ഛไᗘ䛾タ❧

➨䠏❶㻌 ኱ᜍៃ䛸㔠⼥つไᨵ㠉

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2

➨䠍⠇኱ᜍៃ䛸฼┈┦཯ྲྀᘬ 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ➨୍ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ䛸኱ᜍៃ

㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䝨䝁䝷ㄪᰝ఍䛸฼┈┦཯

➨䠎⠇኱ᜍៃᚋ䛾㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 㖟⾜ᴗ䛾つไᙉ໬䛸㖟ドศ㞳

㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 㐃㑥㡸㔠ಖ㝤බ♫タ❧䛸㐃㑥つไ䛾ᾐ㏱

㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 㐃㑥‽ഛไᗘ䛾ᶵ⬟ᙉ໬

㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 㐃㑥ドๆつไ䛸ドๆྲྀᘬጤဨ఍

㻌 㻌 䠑㻌 ドๆつไ䛾┠ⓗ䛸Race to Bottom

➨䠏⠇㖟⾜ᣢᰴ఍♫ἲ䛸㐃㑥㔠⼥つไ䛾ᙉ໬

㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 㖟⾜ᣢᰴ఍♫䛸ᕞ㝿Ⴀᴗ

㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 㖟⾜ᣢᰴ఍♫ἲ䛸䠢䠮䠞䜈䛾つไᶒ㝈㞟୰

➨䠐❶㻌 つไ⦆࿴䛸䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ

➨䠍⠇㔠⼥䛾⮬⏤໬

㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 㡸㔠㔠฼䛾⮬⏤໬

㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ᅛᐃᡭᩘᩱไ䛾⮬⏤໬

➨䠎⠇㔠⼥つไ䛾⦆࿴

㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ἲ௧ゎ㔘ኚ᭦䛻䜘䜛ᴗ㝿つไ⦆࿴

㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ἲ௧ゎ㔘ኚ᭦䜈䛾⾜ᨻッゴ 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ᕞ㝿つไ䛾⦆࿴

➨䠏⠇䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ䛾ᑟධ 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ไᐃἲ䛻䜘䜛ᘢᐖ㜵Ṇつᐃ

㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䠢䠮䠞䝹䞊䝹䛻䜘䜛䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ䛾ᑟධ䠄䠍䠕䠔䠓ᖺ䠅 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ䛾ぢ┤䛧䠄䠍䠕䠔䠕ᖺ䠅

➨䠐⠇䜾䝸䞊䞁䝇䝟䞁䞉䝥䝑䝖䛸㔠⼥䝞䝤䝹 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ䛾᧔ᗫ 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ❧ἲ䛻䜘䜛ἲ௧ゎ㔘䛾㏣ㄆ 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ఍ィᇶ‽ኚ᭦䛾㐺⏝㝖እ 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 䝛䝑䝖䞉䜻䝱䝢䝍䝹䞉䝹䞊䝹䛾᧔ᗫ 㻌 㻌 䠑㻌 䜾䝸䞊䞁䝇䝟䞁䞉䝥䝑䝖䛸㔠⼥䛾ᣑ኱

(4)

3

➨䠑❶㻌 䝃䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮㔠⼥༴ᶵ௨๓䛾㐃㑥㔠⼥ᕷሙつไ

➨䠍⠇ໟᣓつไ䛸ᴗែูつไ 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 」㞧䛺つไᯟ⤌䜏 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 つไ䛾୙ഛ

➨䠎⠇㐃㑥㔠⼥つไᶵ㛵

㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 㐃㑥‽ഛไᗘ⌮஦఍䠄䠢䠮䠞䠅 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 㐃㑥㏻㈌┘╩ᗇ䠄䠫䠟䠟䠅 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 㐃㑥㡸㔠ಖ㝤බ♫䠄䠢䠠䠥䠟䠅 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 ㈓⵳㔠⼥ᶵ㛵┘╩ᗇ䠄䠫䠰䠯䠅 㻌 㻌 䠑㻌 ドๆྲྀᘬጤဨ఍䠄䠯䠡䠟䠅 㻌 㻌 䠒㻌 㐃㑥つไ䛜ཬ䜀䛺䛔ᴗែ

➨䠎⦅㻌 ⱥᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ኚ㑄

➨䠍❶㻌 䝡䝑䜾䝞䞁௨๓䛾㔠⼥つไ

➨䠍⠇䝅䝔䜱䛸⮬୺つไ 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䝅䝔䜱䛾つᚊ

㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜䛾ᙺ๭

➨䠎⠇䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜䛻䜘䜛つไᙉ໬

㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜䛾୰ኸ㖟⾜໬

㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜䛾ᅜ᭷໬

㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ไᐃἲ䛻䜘䜛䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜つไ

➨䠎❶㻌 䝡䝑䜾䝞䞁䛸㔠⼥つไ⦆࿴

➨䠍⠇䝃䝑䝏䝱䞊ᨻᶒㄌ⏕䛸㖟⾜つไᙉ໬

㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䝃䝑䝏䝱䞊ᨻᶒㄌ⏕

㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䝆䝵䞁䞉䝬䝑䝉䜲㖟⾜䛾◚⥢

㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 䠍䠕䠔䠓ᖺ㖟⾜ἲ䛾ไᐃ

➨䠎⠇䝡䝑䜾䝞䞁䛸ドๆᕷሙᨵ㠉 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䝻䞁䝗䞁ドๆྲྀᘬᡤ䛾ᨵ㠉

㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䜺䝽䞊䞉䝸䝫䞊䝖䛸㔠⼥䝃䞊䝡䝇ἲ䛾ไᐃ

(5)

4 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 㔠⼥䝃䞊䝡䝇ἲୗ䛾㔠⼥つไ

➨䠏❶㻌 ປാඪᨻᶒ䛸䠢䠯䠝タ❧

➨䠍⠇➨஧ḟ㖟⾜ᣦ௧䛸㔠⼥ᶵ㛵䛾◚⥢

㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䠡䠟➨஧ḟ㖟⾜ᣦ௧

㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䝬䞊䝇䝖䝸䝠䝖᮲⣙䛸୰ኸ㖟⾜䛾⊂❧ᛶ 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 䠞䠟䠟䠥䛸䝧䜰䝸䞁䜾䛾⤒Ⴀ◚⥢

➨䠎⠇ປാඪᨻᶒ䛾ㄌ⏕䛸㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ປാඪᨻᶒㄌ⏕䛸䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜ᨵ㠉 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䠍䠕䠕䠔ᖺ䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜ἲ䛾ไᐃ

㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 㔠⼥䝃䞊䝡䝇ᶵᵓ䛾タ❧䛸୍ඖⓗ┘╩ᶵ㛵

➨䠏⠇㔠⼥䝃䞊䝡䝇ᕷሙἲ䛾ไᐃ 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 㔠⼥䝃䞊䝡䝇ᶵᵓ

㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ┠ⓗつᐃ

㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 つไᑐ㇟ᴗົ䛸ၟရ

➨䠐⠇ປാඪつไ䛾᏶ᡂ

㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䝥䝸䞁䝅䝥䝹䞉䝧䞊䝇䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ປാඪᨻᶒୗ䛾つไయ⣔

➨䠏⦅㻌 䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ኚ㑄

➨䠍❶㻌 㯪᫂ᮇ䛛䜙ᡓ๓䛾㔠⼥つไ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠍⠇㻌 ᫂἞⥔᪂䛸኱ⶶ┬䛾๰タ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ᫂἞⥔᪂䛸᪂ᨻᗓ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ኱ⶶ┬䛸኱㝰㔜ಙ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎⠇㻌 ᅜ❧㖟⾜ไᗘ䛾タ❧

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ᪂㈌᮲౛䛻䜘䜛㔠ᮏ఩ไ䛾᥇⏝

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 Ⓨๆ㖟⾜ไᗘ䜢䜑䛠䜛኱ⶶ┬ෆ䛾ㄽத 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ᅜ❧㖟⾜᮲౛䛾ไᐃ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 䜟䛜ᅜ᭱ึ䛾఍♫ἲ䛸䛺䛳䛯ᅜ❧㖟⾜᮲౛

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠏⠇㻌 ᅜ❧㖟⾜ไᗘ䛾ኻᩋ䛸᪥ᮏ㖟⾜๰タ

(6)

5 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ᅜ❧㖟⾜᮲౛ᨵṇ䛻䜘䜛タ❧⦆࿴

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ኱㝰୰ኸ㖟⾜ᵓ᝿䛸᫂἞䠍䠐ᖺᨻኚ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ᪥ᮏ㖟⾜䛾๰タ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠐⠇㻌 ᬑ㏻㖟⾜ไᗘ䛾☜❧

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 㖟⾜᮲౛䛾ไᐃ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ᪧ㖟⾜ἲ䛾ไᐃ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ᪥ᮏ㖟⾜⪃ᰝ䛾㛤ጞ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠑⠇㻌 㯪᫂ᮇ䛾ྲྀᘬᡤつไ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ᰴᘧྲྀᘬ᮲౛䛾ไᐃ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ᰴᘧྲྀᘬᡤ᮲౛䛻䜘䜛ᰴᘧྲྀᘬᡤ䛾タ❧

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ྲྀᘬᡤ᮲౛

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 ྲྀᘬᡤἲ䛻䜘䜛ྲྀᘬᡤつไ䛾⤫୍

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠒⠇㻌 ྲྀᘬᡤつไ䛛䜙ドๆᕷሙつไ䜈 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ᭷౯ドๆ๭㈿㈍኎ᴗἲ䛾ไᐃ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ᴗ⪅つไ䛾ᙉ໬䇷᭷౯ドๆᴗྲྀ⥾ἲ䛸᭷౯ドๆᘬཷᴗἲ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠓⠇㻌 ᡓ᫬ୗ䛾ᕷሙ⤫ไ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ᡓ᫬⤫ไୗ䛾ドๆᕷሙつไ䇷᪥ᮏドๆྲྀᘬᡤἲ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ᪥ᮏ㖟⾜ἲ䛾ไᐃ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠔⠇㻌 ᡓ๓䜎䛷䛾㔠⼥┘╩ᶵᵓ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 㖟⾜つไ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ドๆつไ

➨䠎❶㻌 ᡓᚋ䛾㔠⼥つไ䛸ドๆྲྀᘬἲไᐃ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠍⠇㻌 ドๆྲྀᘬἲ䛾ไᐃ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ドๆྲྀᘬἲไᐃ䛾⤒⦋

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ドๆྲྀᘬጤဨ఍䛾タ⨨

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 㖟ドศ㞳つᐃ䛾ᑟධ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 ドྲྀἲ䠒䠑᮲

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎⠇㻌 ᪧ㖟⾜ἲ䛾ᨵṇ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ᪧ㖟⾜ἲ䛾඲㠃ᨵṇ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 㖟⾜ἲ䛾┠ⓗ䛸つไᡭẁ

(7)

6

➨䠏❶㻌 䝞䝤䝹ᔂቯ䛸㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠍⠇㻌 䝞䝤䝹ᔂቯ䛸ドๆྲྀᘬ➼┘どጤဨ఍䛾タ⨨

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ㏻㐩⾜ᨻ䛸ㆤ㏦⯪ᅋ᪉ᘧ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ドๆ୙⚈஦䛸ドๆྲྀᘬ➼┘どጤဨ఍

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎⠇㻌 㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉ἲ䛻䜘䜛ᴗ㝿つไ⦆࿴

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉ἲ䛾ไᐃ㻌

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ᭷౯ドๆ䛾ᐃ⩏䛾ぢ┤䛧䛸⚾ເ䛾ྲྀᢅ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ᴗែูᏊ఍♫᪉ᘧ䛻䜘䜛┦஫஌䜚ධ䜜䛾ゎ⚗

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠏⠇㻌 䜟䛜ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ䛾ᑟධ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ᙺ⫋ဨ䛾වົつไ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䜰䞊䝮䝈䝺䞁䜾䝇䞉䝹䞊䝹䛾ᑟධ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ┬௧䛻䜘䜛ᘢᐖ㜵Ṇつᐃ

➨䠐❶㻌 㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛸㔠⼥䝅䝇䝔䝮ᨵ㠉

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠍⠇㻌 㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛸㔠⼥䝅䝇䝔䝮ᨵ㠉ἲ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠⼥༴ᶵ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 㔠⼥ᣢᰴ఍♫䛾ゎ⚗

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 㔠⼥ᣢᰴ఍♫タ❧䛻䜘䜛ᘢᐖ㜵Ṇᥐ⨨䛾ᑟධ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 ┦஫ཧධ䛾ಁ㐍

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎⠇㻌 ┬ᗇ෌⦅䛸㔠⼥ᗇⓎ㊊

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ኱ⶶ┬ゎయ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 㔠⼥෌⏕㛵㐃ἲไᐃ䛸㔠⼥෌⏕ጤဨ఍

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ୍ඖⓗ┘╩ᶵ㛵䛾タ❧

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 㡸㔠ಖ㝤ἲ䠍䠌䠎᮲䛻䜘䜛༴ᶵ᫬ᑐᛂ䛾ᜏஂ໬

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠏⠇㻌 ᪥ᮏ㖟⾜ἲᨵṇ䛻䜘䜛⊂❧ᛶ䛾☜ಖ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ᪥ᮏ㖟⾜ἲᨵṇ䛾ື䛝

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ┠ⓗつᐃ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ᪥ᮏ㖟⾜䛾⊂❧ᛶ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 ⤌⧊䛾ἲⓗᛶ᱁ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠑㻌 ⪃ᰝ䛾᫂ᩥ໬

➨䠑❶㻌 㔠⼥ၟရྲྀᘬἲไᐃ䛸䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ䛾⦆࿴

(8)

7 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠍⠇㻌 ẁ㝵ⓗ䛺つไ⦆࿴

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ䛾ぢ┤䛧 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ドๆ௰௓ᴗ䛾ゎ⚗

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎⠇㻌 㔠⼥ၟရྲྀᘬἲ䛾ไᐃ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 㔠⼥ၟရྲྀᘬἲ䛾ᴫせ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ┠ⓗつᐃ䛾ゎ㔘ㄽ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 㔠ၟἲ䛸ドྲྀἲ䠒䠑᮲

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠏⠇㻌 䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ⦆࿴䛾❧ἲ䝥䝻䝉䝇 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ䛾ᐃ⩏䛸ຠᯝ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 つไ⦆࿴䛾᫝㠀䛸㛶㆟Ỵᐃ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 㔠⼥ᑂ㆟఍䛷䛾❧ἲ໬䛻ྥ䛡䛯ᑂ㆟

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠐⠇㻌 䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ䛾⦆࿴

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ᖹᡂ䠎䠌ᖺ㔠ၟἲᨵṇ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ᙺ⫋ဨ䛾වົつไ⦆࿴

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ฼┈┦཯⟶⌮యไ䛾ᵓ⠏

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 㢳ᐈ䛻㛵䛩䜛㠀බ㛤᝟ሗ䛾ᤵཷไ㝈䛾ぢ┤䛧 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠑㻌 ୺ᖿ஦ไ㝈⦆࿴

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠒㻌 㖟⾜➼䛾ඃ㉺ⓗᆅ఩䛾℃⏝㜵Ṇ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠓㻌 䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ⦆࿴᪋⾜䛸㔠⼥༴ᶵ㻌 㻌

➨䠐⦅㻌 䝃䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛸㔠⼥つไᨵ㠉

➨䠍❶㻌 䝃䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛾Ⓨ⏕䛸ཎᅉศᯒ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠍⠇㻌 䝃䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮㔠⼥༴ᶵⓎ⏕䛾㐣⛬

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䝃䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮䝻䞊䞁䛸䛿

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䝃䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛾Ⓨ⏕㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎⠇㻌 ⤒῭Ꮫ䛛䜙䛾㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛾ཎᅉศᯒ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛾ศᯒ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䜲䞁䝉䞁䝔䜱䝤䛾ṍ䜏 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 㐣ᗘ䛾䝸䝇䜽䝔䜲䜽

(9)

8

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 㐣๫ὶືᛶ䛾ၥ㢟䛸䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䜲䞁䝞䝷䞁䝇 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠑㻌 䝥䝻䝅䜽䝸䜹䝸䝔䜱䛾ၥ㢟

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠏⠇㻌 䛂ἲ䛾ၥ㢟䛃䛷䛒䛳䛯㔠⼥༴ᶵ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ἲ䛾ၥ㢟䛸䛿

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 㐣ᗘ䛺䝸䝇䜽䝔䜲䜽䛾チᐜ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 䠣䠯䠡ၥ㢟

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 ᱁௜ᴗ⪅䛸䝰䝜䝷䜲䞁䇷ドๆ໬䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾Ḟ㝗 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠑㻌 䝬䜽䝻䝥䝹䞊䝕䞁䝇┘╩ᶵ㛵䛾୙ᅾ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠐⠇㻌 ఫᏯ䝻䞊䞁ᕷሙつไ䛾Ḟ㝗 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ⡿ᅜ䛾ఫᏯ䝻䞊䞁ᕷሙ័⾜

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ␎ዣⓗ㈚௜䛸䝜䞁䝸䝁䞊䝇䝻䞊䞁 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 㐃㑥つไ䛸ᕞつไ䛾㝽㛫 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 ᣢᐙᨻ⟇䛸୙సⅭ

➨䠎❶㻌 ⡿ᅜ䛾㔠⼥つไᨵ㠉 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠍⠇㻌 㔠⼥つไᨵ㠉䛾ὶ䜜

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ඹ࿴ඪᨻᶒୗ䛾㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉䛾ᥦ᱌

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䜸䝞䝬኱⤫㡿䛻䜘䜛㔠⼥つไᨵ㠉䛾ὶ䜜 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎⠇㻌 䝗䝑䝗䞉䝣䝷䞁䜽ἲ䛾ไᐃ䛸ෆᐜ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ἲ䛾┠ⓗ䛸୺せ㡯┠

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䝅䝇䝔䝭䝑䜽䝸䝇䜽䜢┘ど䛩䜛ᶵ㛵䛾タ❧

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 㔠⼥ᶵ㛵◚⥢ฎ⌮ἲไ䛾᫂☜໬

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 䝦䝑䝆䝣䜯䞁䝗つไ䛾ᙉ໬

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠑㻌 䝪䝹䜹䞊䞉䝹䞊䝹䇷㐣ᗘ䛺䝸䝇䜽䝔䜲䜽䛾ᢚไ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠒㻌 䝕䝸䝞䝔䜱䝤ྲྀᘬつไ䛾ᙉ໬

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠓㻌 ᨭᡶ䞉Ύ⟬䞉Ỵ῭ᶵ㛵䜈䛾つไ┘╩䛾ᙉ໬

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠔㻌 ᢞ㈨ᐙಖㆤ䛾ᙉ໬䇷᱁௜ᴗ⪅䞉ドๆ໬つไ➼

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠕㻌 ᾘ㈝⪅ಖㆤ䛻㛵䛩䜛㐃㑥つไ䛾୍ඖ໬

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍䠌㻌 䠢䠮䠞䛾つไ䞉┘╩ᶒ㝈䛾ぢ┤䛧 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠏⠇㻌 䝗䝑䝖䞉䝣䝷䞁䜽ἲ䛾ホ౯

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 㔠⼥ᕷሙつไ䛾┠ⓗ

(10)

9 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 㐃㑥つไ䛸ᕞつไ䛾ㄪᩚ䛾ヨ䜏 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 䠢䠮䠞⥭ᛴ㈚ฟไᗘᗫṆ䛾ၥ㢟 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 䠎䠍ୡ⣖ᆺ䛾㔠⼥つไ䜈䛾㌿᥮

➨䠏❶㻌 ⱥᅜ䛾㔠⼥つไᨵ㠉

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠍⠇㻌 ປാඪᨻᶒୗ䛾㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䠎䠌䠌䠕ᖺ㖟⾜ἲᨵṇ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䝍䞊䝘䞊䞉䝺䝡䝳䞊䛾බ⾲

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 䠎䠌䠍䠌ᖺ㔠⼥䝃䞊䝡䝇ἲไᐃ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎⠇㻌 ಖᏲඪᨻᶒ䛻䜘䜛┘╩ᶵᵓᨵ㠉 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ᨻᶒ஺௦䛻䜘䜛㔠⼥つไ䞉ไᗘᨵ㠉

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜䛜୰ᚰ䛸䛺䜛䝒䜲䞁䝢䞊䜽䝇䞉䝰䝕䝹䛾᥇⏝

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 䝆䝱䝑䝆䝯䞁䝖䞉䝧䞊䝇䛾つไ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 ⊂❧㖟⾜ጤဨ఍䛻䜘䜛䝥䝹䞊䝕䞁䝇つไᙉ໬

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠏⠇㻌 ⱥᅜ䛾᪂䛧䛔㔠⼥┘╩ᶵᵓ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䠢䠬䠟

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 䠬䠮䠝㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 䠢䠟䠝

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 ┘╩ᶵᵓ෌⦅䛾ホ౯

➨䠑⦅㻌 䜟䛜ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛㔠⼥㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䞉┘╩ᶵᵓ䛾ᑗ᮶ീ

➨䠍❶㻌 ⌧⾜ἲ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ၥ㢟Ⅼ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠍⠇㻌 㔠⼥つไ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᅜ㝿༠ㄪ䛸䜟䛜ᅜ䛾ᑐᛂ㻌 㻌 㻌

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䝻䞁䝗䞁䛚䜘䜃䝢䝑䝒䝞䞊䜾䛾䠣䠎䠌䛷♧䛥䜜䛯㔠⼥つไᙉ໬

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 㔠ၟἲᨵṇ➼䛾ᑐᛂ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎⠇㻌 䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ၥ㢟Ⅼ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 䝬䜽䝻䝥䝹䞊䝕䞁䝇つไ䛾⬤ᙅᛶ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 㔠⼥つไ䛾ᅜ㝿༠ㄪ䛾ᐇຠᛶ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ᕷሙ┘ど䛾ᐇຠᛶ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠏⠇㻌 ┘╩ᶵᵓ䛾⤌⧊ୖ䛾ၥ㢟Ⅼ

(11)

10 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ᪥ᮏ㖟⾜

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 㔠⼥ᗇ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 ㈈ົ┬

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠐㻌 つไ┠ⓗ

➨䠎❶㻌 㔠⼥㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䞉┘╩ᶵᵓ䛾ᑗ᮶ീ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠍⠇㻌 㔠⼥ᗇ䛾⤌⧊෌⦅

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ┘どጤဨ఍䛸䛾⤫ྜ䛸䠏᮲ጤဨ఍

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ᾘ㈝⪅䝟䝛䝹䛾タ⨨

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠏㻌 㔠⼥㈨ᮏᕷሙ䛾䝥䝻䝣䜵䝑䝅䝵䝘䝹໬

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎⠇㻌 ᪥ᮏ㖟⾜䛾⤌⧊෌⦅

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ᪥ᮏ㖟⾜䛾ᅜ᭷໬

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ⪃ᰝ䛾ᐇຠᛶ☜ಖ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠏⠇㻌 ㈈ົ┬䛾ᙺ๭

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠍㻌 ᨻ⟇❧᱌䛚䜘䜃ෆእ௻⏬㒊㛛䛾୍య໬

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠎㻌 ୕ᴟయไ䛾ᖖタጤဨ఍タ⨨

⤖ㄒ

䠍㻌 㔠⼥つไᨵ㠉䛾䛭䛾ᚋ 䠎㻌 䜐䛩䜃䛻䛛䛘䛶

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

ῧ௜㈨ᩱ㻌 䝗䝑䝗䞉䝣䝷䞁䜽ἲ㻌 䝪䝹䜹䞊䞉䝹䞊䝹䠄ᢒヂ䠅

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11 ᗎᗎㄽ

䠍㻌 㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛸ἲ

㻌 㻌 䠎䠌䠌䠔ᖺ䠕᭶䚸⡿ᅜ኱ᡭᢞ㈨㖟⾜䛾䝸䞊䝬䞁䞉䝤䝷䝄䞊䝈♫䛜㐃㑥◚⏘ἲ䠍䠍❶䜢⏦ㄳ䛧䚸

⤒Ⴀ◚⥢䛧䛯䚹䠎䠌䠌䠓ᖺ䛻᭱኱ᡭ䝰䞊䝀䞊䝆䝞䞁䜽䛷䛒䛳䛯䝙䝳䞊䝉䞁䝏䝳䝸䞊♫䛾◚⥢௨ 㝆䚸⡿ᅜᕷሙ䛷㟢ぢ䛧䛯పᡤᚓ⪅ྥ䛡䛾ఫᏯ䝻䞊䞁䛾ᘏ䛻➃䜢Ⓨ䛧䛯䝃䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮ၥ㢟 䛿㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙ䛻ᙉຊ䛺䝇䝖䝺䝇䜢୚䛘⥆䛡䚸䝸䞊䝬䞁䞉䝤䝷䝄䞊䝈䛾◚⥢䛻䜘䜚䚸㔠⼥༴

ᶵ䜈䛾ὶ䜜䛜Ỵᐃⓗ䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹⡿ᅜ䛾䜏䛺䜙䛪Ḣᕞ䛷䛾㐃㙐ⓗ䛺㔠⼥ᶵ㛵䛾◚⥢䚸㔠⼥ᶵ 㛵䛾ᅜ᭷໬䛺䛹῝้䛺㔠⼥ᜍៃ䜈䛸Ⓨᒎ䛧䚸ᨻ἞ᐙ䚸㆟఍㛵ಀ⪅䚸ᕷሙ㛵ಀ⪅䚸䝬䝇䝁䝭䛺 䛹䛿䛣䜜䜙୍㐃䛾㔠⼥༴ᶵ䜢䛂ⓒᖺ䛻୍ᗘ䛾༴ᶵ䛃䛸࿧䜃䚸䠍䠕䠏䠌ᖺ௦䛾ୡ⏺኱ᜍៃ䜢㉸䛘 䜛䛛䚸ྠ⛬ᗘ䛾༴ᶵ䛸䜏䛺䛧䛯䚹㔠⼥༴ᶵⓎ⏕ᚋ䛾ྛᅜᨻᗓ䛿䚸㔠⼥䝅䝇䝔䝮䜈䛾බⓗ㈨ 㔠ὀධ䜔㔠⼥ᨻ⟇䛷䛾ᑐᛂ䜢ᛴ䛔䛰䛜䚸⡿ᅜⓎ䛾㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛿䚸䛭䛾ᚋ䜼䝸䝅䝱༴ᶵ䜢୰ᚰ 䛸䛧䛯Ḣᕞ䝋䝤䝸䞁༴ᶵ䜈䛸Ἴཬ䛧䚸༴ᶵⓎ⏕ᚋ䠑ᖺ䜢⤒䛶䜒䚸஦ែ䛿ዲ㌿䜢ぢ䛫䜛඙䛧䛜䛺 䛔䚹

㻌 㻌 䛣䜜䜙䛾㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛿䚸䛭䛾Ⓨ⏕䛾ཎᅉ䜔ゎỴ⟇䛻䛴䛔䛶᪤䛻ᵝ䚻䛺ศᯒ䛜䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔 䜛䚹ᮏ✏䛷䜒䛭䛾ヲ⣽䛻ゐ䜜䜛䛜䚸䛂㐣๫ὶືᛶ䛃䜔䛂䝥䝻䝅䜽䝸䜹䝸䝔䜱䛾ၥ㢟䛃䛺䛹ከ䛟䛿䝬 䜽䝻⤒῭Ꮫ䜔㔠⼥ㄽ䛺䛹⤒῭Ꮫ䛛䜙䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛻䜘䜛ศᯒ䛷䛒䜚䚸㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛜䛥䛺䛜䜙㏻

ᖖ䛾ᬒẼᚠ⎔䛻䜘䜚Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯䜒䛾䛸⤖ㄽ䛵䛡䜙䜜䜛ሙྜ䛜ከ䛔䚹䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䚸㔠⼥༴ᶵᚋ 䛾ྛᅜᨻᗓ䛾ᑐᛂ䚸䛸䜚䜟䛡䠣䠎䠌䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛯୺せᅜ䛻䜘䜛ᅜ㝿ྜព䛿䚸㔠⼥つไ䞉┘╩

䛾ᙉ໬䛷䛒䜚䚸㔠⼥つไ䛻㛵䛩䜛ྛᅜ䛾ἲ䛾୙ഛ䜢኱ᖜ䛻⿵䛚䛖䛸䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䚸䛔䛖䜎䛷䜒 䛺䛟䚸㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛿䛂ἲ䛾ၥ㢟䛃䛷䛒䛳䛯䛸䛾ドᕥ䛷䛒䜛䚹୺せᅜ䛾㆟఍䛷䛿䚸䝬䜽䝻䝥䝹䞊䝕 䞁䝇つไ䛾ᙉ໬䚸⾜Ⅽつไ䛾ᙉ໬䚸┘╩ᶵᵓ䛾෌ᵓ⠏䛺䛹❧ἲ໬䛻ྥ䛡䛯ᑂ㆟䛜⥆䛡䜙 䜜䚸䛭䛾㆟ㄽ䛿つไ┘╩ᙜᒁ䛻䜘䜛つ๎ไᐃ䜢ྵ䜑䚸䛔䜎䛰䛻⥆䛔䛶䛔䜛䚹

᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ䛷䛿䚸䛣䜜䜙㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛾஦㇟䜢᪩䛟䛛䜙䛂ἲ䛾ၥ㢟䛃䛸ᤊ䛘䚸୺䛻ⱥ⡿䛾㆟

఍䛷䛾㔠⼥つไ䞉ไᗘᨵ㠉䛾ᑂ㆟䜢ศᯒ䛧䛺䛜䜙䚸ẚ㍑ἲⓗぢᆅ䛛䜙ホ౯䛧䚸䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮 䛺䛹䛾ሙ䛻䛚䛔䛶᝟ሗ䛚䜘䜃䝯䝑䝉䞊䝆䜢Ⓨ䛧䛶䛝䛯(1)(2)䚹➹⪅䜒䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䜔ሗ࿌఍䛷ሗ

(1) ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䠟䠫䠡䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䛂䜸䝞䝬኱⤫㡿䛾㔠⼥つไᨵ㠉᱌䜢᳨ド䛩䜛 䇷᪥ᮏ䛿ఱ䜢Ⓨಙ䛩䜉䛝䛛䛃௻ᴗ䛸ἲ๰㐀䠒ᕳ䠏ྕ䠄䠎䠌䠍䠌ᖺ䠅㻌

(2) ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䠟䠫䠡䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䛂ⱥ⡿䛾㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉䜢᳨ド䛩䜛䇷᪥ᮏ䛿䛹

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12

࿌⪅䛸䛧䛶ཧຍ䛩䜛ᶵ఍䜢ᚓ䛶䚸୺せᅜ䛾㔠⼥つไ䛾ኚ㑄䜔㔠⼥༴ᶵ䜢ዎᶵ䛸䛧䛯㔠⼥つ ไᨵ㠉ἲ᱌䛾ศᯒ䞉ホ౯䜢ヲ⣽䛻⾜䛖䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䚹㔠⼥つไ䛿⮬ᅜἲ┈䛾ᇦእ㐺⏝䛺䛹

ྛᅜ䛾฼ᐖ䛜ᑐ❧䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䚸୍ᅜ䛾ἲつไ䜔ᅜ㝿༠ㄪ䜢䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䛻ᒎ㛤䛩䜛䛣䛸 䛿䛯䜔䛩䛔䛣䛸䛷䛿䛺䛔䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸ᡃ䛜ᅜ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䚸᫂἞⥔᪂௨㝆䠍䠌䠌ᖺ䜒䛾᫬㛫䜢䛛䛡 䛶ẚ㍑ἲ◊✲䛻䜘䛳䛶ἲไᗘ䜢☜❧䛧䛶䛝䛯䚹䛭䜜䛿䚸䛔䜟䜀ᖖ䛻୰❧ⓗ䛺❧ሙ䛻䜘䜛ྛ

ᅜ䛾ἲつไ䛾ศᯒ䞉ホ౯䛻䜘䜛ᯝᐇ䛷䛒䜚䚸㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛸䛭䛾ᚋ䛾㔠⼥つไᨵ㠉䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒 ẚ㍑ἲⓗぢᆅ䛛䜙ホ౯䞉ศᯒ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䚸䜟䛜ᅜ䛛䜙䛾䜟䛜ᅜ䛾⤒㦂䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯䝯䝑䝉䞊䝆 䛾Ⓨಙ䚸䛭䛧䛶䛭䛾ẚ㍑᳨ウ䛻䜘䜛䜟䛜ᅜ䜈䛾♧၀䛺䛹ព⩏῝䛔䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹

䠎 ᮏ✏䛾┠ⓗ

䝃䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮ၥ㢟䛾Ⓨ➃䛿䚸⡿ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛ఫᏯ䝻䞊䞁മᶒᘏ䛾ᛴቑ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧 䛺䛜䜙䚸ึᮇẁ㝵䛾㔠⼥ᶵ㛵䛾◚⥢䛿䚸⡿ᅜෆ䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸ᐇ䛻䠍䠐䠌ᖺ䜆䜚䛻㉳䛝䛯㖟⾜ྲྀ

௜䛻䜘䜚◚⥢䛧䛯䝜䞊䝄䞁䝻䝑䜽䛻㇟ᚩ䛥䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻ⱥᅜ➼⡿ᅜእ䛷Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯䚹⡿ᅜ䛷ドๆ

໬䛥䜜䛯㔠⼥ၟရ䛜⡿ᅜእ䛻㈍኎䛥䜜䜛㐣⛬䛷䚸㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛜Ḣᕞ䛻ᛴ㏿䛻ఏ᧛䛧䛶䛔䛳䛯䚹 䛔䛪䜜䜒䚸⡿ᅜෆ䛚䜘䜃ⱥᅜෆ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᴗ⪅つไ䛚䜘䜃⾜Ⅽつไ䛻኱䛝䛺Ḟ⨃䛜䛒䜚䚸ἲ つไ䛾୙ഛ䛾䜒䛸䛻⤌ᡂ䛥䜜䛯ドๆ໬㔠⼥ၟရ䛜↓⛛ᗎ䛻㈍኎䛥䜜䚸䛭䜜䜙㔠⼥ၟရ䜢ಖ

᭷䛩䜛㔠⼥ᶵ㛵䜈䛾┘╩つไ䚸఍ィไᗘ䛺䛹䛻䜒ἲⓗ䛺Ḟ㝗䛜䛒䛳䛯⤖ᯝ䚸Ḣ⡿䛾㔠⼥ᕷ ሙ䛿ไᚚ୙⬟䛺䜋䛹䛾㔠⼥䝸䝇䜽䜢ಖ᭷䛩䜛䛻⮳䛳䛯䚹

䠕䠌ᖺ௦ᚋ༙䛻䝞䝤䝹ᔂቯ䛻䜘䜛㔠⼥༴ᶵ䜢⤒㦂䛧䛯䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠⼥䝅䝇䝔䝮䛿䚸䝞䝤 䝹䜈䛾Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝ䛸㔠⼥䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䜈䛾ฟ㐜䜜䛛䜙䚸Ḣ⡿Ⓨ䛾㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛛䜙䛾ᙳ㡪䛿㍍

ᚤ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䠎䠌䠌䠍ᖺ䛾㔠⼥ᗇ䜈䛾㔠⼥┘╩つไ䛾ᶒ㝈୍ඖ໬䛻䜘䜚䚸୍ᛂ䛾㔠⼥つไ䞉

┘╩䛾ᯟ⤌䜏䛾ᩚഛ䜢⤊䛘䛯䛸䛥䜜䜛䜟䛜ᅜ䛿䚸䠣䠎䠌䛻䜘䜛㔠⼥つไᙉ໬䛾ᅜ㝿༠ㄪ䜢

㋃䜎䛘䚸෇⁥䛻ᅜෆἲᩚഛ䜢㐍䜑䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛻ᛮ䛘䜛䚹䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠⼥つไ䛾ᯟ⤌䜏䛿䚸᫂

἞⥔᪂ᚋ䚸㖟⾜つไ䛿⡿ᅜἲ䛛䜙᥇䜚ධ䜜䚸ᕷሙつไ䛿ⱥᅜἲ䛛䜙᥇䜚ධ䜜䜛䛺䛹䚸௒ᅇ 䛾㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛾㟈※ᆅ䛷䛒䜛ⱥ⡿䛾ἲつไ䛻኱䛝䛟ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛝䛯䚹⌧௦䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䚸㔠

⼥ᗇ䛾୍ඖⓗ┘╩⪅ไᗘ䛿䚸䠎䠌䠍䠏ᖺ䠐᭶䜢䜒䛳䛶ᗫṆ䛥䜜䛯ⱥᅜ䛾㔠⼥䝃䞊䝡䝇ᶵᵓ䠄䠢 䠯䠝䠅䜢䝰䝕䝹䛻䛧䛯䛸䛔䜟䜜䜛䚹

䛾䜘䛖䛻ཷ䛡Ṇ䜑䜛䜉䛝䛛䛃௻ᴗ䛸ἲ๰㐀䠓ᕳ䠏ྕ䠄䠎䠌䠍䠍ᖺ䠅㻌

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13

ᮏ✏䛷䛿䚸ⱥ⡿䛷Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛜䝬䜽䝻⤒῭䛾ᬒẼᚠ⎔ㄽ䛛䜙Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯䛸䛾ศ ᯒ䞉ホ౯䛸䛿୍⥺䜢⏬䛧䚸ྛᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙ䛾ᡂ䜚❧䛱䜔䛭䜜䛻ᛂ䛨䛯ἲつไ䛾ኚ㑄䜢

᫬⣔ิ䛻ศᯒ䛧䚸䠎䠍ୡ⣖ᆺ䛸䛔䜟䜜䜛䝃䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛾Ⓨ⏕䜢ẚ㍑ἲⓗ䛻ศᯒ䞉ホ ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䚸䛭䛧䛶㔠⼥༴ᶵᚋ䛻ᡴ䛱ฟ䛥䜜䛯ⱥ⡿䛾㔠⼥つไ䞉ไᗘᨵ㠉䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸 ⱥ⡿䛾ᙳ㡪䛜኱䛝䛔䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠⼥ᕷሙつไ䛚䜘䜃┘╩ᶵᵓ䛾䛒䜛䜉䛝ጼ䜢᳨ウ䛧䛶䛔䛝 䛯䛔䚹

䠏㻌 ᮏ✏䛾ᵓᡂ

㻌 㻌 㻌 ᮏ✏䛷䛿䚸䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ᡂ䜚❧䛱䛻኱䛝䛺ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛶䛝䛯⡿ᅜ䛸 ⱥᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ኚ㑄䜢᫬⣔ิ䛻䜎䛸䜑䚸䛭䛾ᚋ䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ 䛜䛭䜜䜙䜢⮬ᅜ䛾ἲつไ䛻䛹䛖᥇⏝䛧䚸䛹䛖⊂⮬䛾Ⓨᒎ䜢㐙䛢䛯䛛䜢᳨ド䛩䜛䚹୰䛷䜒䚸⡿

ᅜ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䚸㐃㑥つไ䛸ᕞつไ䛾ᑐ❧䛜Ỵᐃⓗ䛸䛺䛳䛯䝆䝱䜽䝋䝙䜰䞁᫬௦䜢ヲ⣽䛻ㄪ ᰝ䛧䛯䚹ⱥᅜ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䝃䝑䝏䝱䞊ᨻᶒㄌ⏕䛸䝡䝑䜾䝞䞁ᐇ᪋䛻䛴䛔䛶ヲ⣽䛺ศᯒ䜢ຍ䛘䛯䚹 䜟䛜ᅜ䛚䛔䛶䛿䚸᫂἞⥔᪂ᚋ䛻⡿ᅜἲ䜢᥇⏝䛧䚸኱ⶶ┬䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛯㖟⾜┘╩ไᗘ䛾ᡂ䜚

❧䛱䚸䛚䜘䜃௒ᅇ䛾⡿ᅜ䚸ⱥᅜ䛷䛿୰ኸ㖟⾜䜢୰ᚰ䛻⨨䛔䛯㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉䛸䛺䛳䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸

᪥ᮏ㖟⾜䛾ไᗘ䛸⤌⧊䛾ᡂ䜚❧䛱䜢ヲ⣽䛻ศᯒ䛧䛯䚹䛭䛾䛖䛘䛷䚸ⱥ⡿䛾௒ᅇ䛾㔠⼥༴ᶵ 䛸䛭䛾ᚋ䛾㔠⼥つไ䞉ไᗘᨵ㠉䛾ືྥ䜢ศᯒ䞉ホ౯䛧䚸᏶ᡂᙧ䛸ホ౯䛥䜜䛜䛱䛺䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠

⼥ᕷሙつไ䞉┘╩ᶵᵓ䜈䛾ᑗ᮶䛒䜛䜉䛝ጼ䜢᳨ウ䛧䛶䛔䛟䚹

㻌 㻌 ➨䠍⦅䛷䛿䚸⡿ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ᡂ䜚❧䛱䜔㐣ཤ䛻ఱᗘ䜒㉳䛝䛯㔠⼥༴

ᶵ䛸䛭䛾ᑐᛂ䜢⡿ᅜ䛾ᘓᅜ䛛䜙䝃䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛾Ⓨ⏕๓䜎䛷䜢᳨ド䛧䛶䛔䛟䚹⡿ᅜ䛾 㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙ䛾ᙧᡂ䛸ἲつไ䛾ᨵ㠉䛿䚸㐃㑥つไ䛸ᕞつไ䛾ᑐ❧䛸ጇ༠䛾⧞䜚㏉䛧䛾Ṕ

ྐ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䠎䠌䠌ᖺవ䜚䛾⡿ᅜ㔠⼥ྐ䛾୰䛷䚸㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䛸ᕞᨻᗓ䛿⃭䛧䛟ᑐ❧䛧䚸༡໭ᡓத 䜔ୡ⏺኱ᜍៃ䛺䛹ᅜᐙ䛾୍኱஦䜢ዎᶵ䛸䛧䛶ጇ༠䛸༠ㄪ䛜㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䛸ᕞᨻᗓ䛸䛾㛫䛷ᅗ䜙 䜜䚸㐃㑥つไ䛾ᯟ⤌䜏䛜స䜙䜜䛶䛝䛯䚹䛭䜜䛿䚸㐃㑥ᅜᐙ䛺䜙䛷䛿䛾≉ᚩⓗ䛺ၥ㢟䛷䛒䜚䚸 ᕞ༢఩䛷ᡂ㛗䛧䚸ᅜᐙ䜢ᙧᡂ䛧䛶䛝䛯⡿ᅜ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸ᕞᨻᗓ䛾ᶒ㝈䛻䛔䛛䛻㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䛜ᖸ

΅䛧䛶䛔䛟䛛䛷䛒䜚䚸ලయⓗ䛻䛿ᘓᅜ௨᮶䚸ᕞ㆟఍䞉ᨻᗓ䛾චチ䛻䜘䜚タ❧䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯㖟⾜

䠄ᕞἲ㖟⾜䠅䜢䛔䛛䛻㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䛾┘╩つไୗ䛻⨨䛟䛛䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠍❶䛷䛿䚸ᘓᅜ䛛䜙༡໭ᡓத䛜ጞ䜎䜛๓䜎䛷䛾㖟⾜ไᗘ䛾☜❧䜢䜎䛸䜑䛶䛔䛟䚹ᘓᅜ

┤ᚋ䛾㖟⾜ᴗ䛾චチ䛿≉チ୺⩏䛜᥇䜙䜜䚸㐃㑥㆟఍䛛䜙ㄆྍ䛥䜜䛯ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛸ᕞ㆟఍

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䛻ㄆྍ䛥䜜䛯ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛜஘❧䛧䚸Ⓨๆไᗘ䛜ᚎ䚻䛻☜❧䛥䜜䛶䛔䛳䛯䚹⊂❧䠍䠏ᕞ௨እ䛛䜙

ึ䜑䛶኱⤫㡿䛸䛺䛳䛯䝆䝱䜽䝋䞁኱⤫㡿䛿䚸䝆䝱䜽䝋䝙䜰䞁䛸࿧䜀䜜䜛᫬௦䜢స䜚䚸㐃㑥つไ 䛸ᕞつไ䛾ᑐ❧䛜᫂☜䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䛟䚹䝆䝱䜽䝋䞁኱⤫㡿䛜ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䜢ᗫṆ䛧䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸㔠

⼥䛾୰ᚰ䛜䝙䝳䞊䝶䞊䜽䛻⛣䜚䚸䝙䝳䞊䝶䞊䜽ᕞ䛜‽๎୺⩏䛻ᇶ䛵䛟㖟⾜ไᗘ䜢☜❧䛧䛯䛣䛸 䛷䚸㆟఍䛻䜘䜛ㄆྍ䛛䜙⮬⏤㖟⾜ไᗘ䛜඲⡿䛻ᒎ㛤䛥䜜䛶䛔䛳䛯䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎❶䛷䛿䚸༡໭ᡓத䛛䜙㐃㑥‽ഛไᗘ䛜タ❧䛥䜜䜛䜎䛷䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹䝆䝱䜽䝋䝙䜰䞁

᫬௦䛾ᑐ❧䛜䛴䛔䛻༡໭ᡓத䜈䛸Ἴཬ䛧䚸኱㔞䛾ᝏ㈌䛜ὶ㏻䛩䜛୰䚸䛾䛱䛻䜟䛜ᅜ䛾ᅜ

❧㖟⾜᮲౛䛻䜒ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䜛ᅜἲ㖟⾜ἲ䛜ไᐃ䛥䜜䚸ᚎ䚻䛻㖟⾜䜢㐃㑥┘╩ୗ䛻⨨䛟ヨ䜏 䛜䛺䛥䜜䛯䛜䚸ᕞᨻᗓ䛾Ⴀᴗචチ䜢ᣢ䛴ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛾ేᏑ䜢ㄆ䜑䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸஧ඖ㖟⾜ไᗘ 䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹Ⓨๆไᗘ䛜ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛷䛿䛺䛟ᅜἲ㖟⾜䛜ᢸ䛖᫬௦䜈䛸ධ䜛䛜䚸㔠⼥䝟䝙䝑䜽䛻䜘 䜚ᅜἲ㖟⾜ไᗘ䛾⬤ᙅᛶ䛜ㄆ㆑䛥䜜䚸ᨵ䜑䛶୰ኸ㖟⾜ไᗘ䛾ᚲせᛶ䛜㆟఍䛷ᑂ㆟䛥䜜䛯

⤖ᯝ䚸㐃㑥‽ഛไᗘ䛜タ❧䛥䜜䛯䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠏❶䛷䛿䚸➨䠍ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ䛻䜘䜛䝞䝤䝹䛸䛭䛾ᔂቯ䛻䜘䜚䚸኱ᜍៃ䛜䛚䛣䜚䚸㖟⾜䛻 䜘䜛ᵝ䚻䛺฼┈┦཯⾜Ⅽ䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸ドๆᴗ䚸㖟⾜ᴗ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㐃㑥つไ䛜

ᩚഛ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛟㐣⛬䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹኱ᜍៃᚋ䛾䝨䝁䝷ㄪᰝ఍䛾⟅⏦䛻䜘䜚䚸㖟⾜ᴗ䜢つไ䛩䜛 䜾䝷䝇䞉䝇䝔䜱䞊䜺䝹ἲ䚸㐃㑥ドๆつไ䜢つᐃ䛩䜛ドๆἲ䛸ドๆྲྀᘬᡤἲ䛜ไᐃ䛥䜜䛯䚹䜾 䝷䝇䞉䝇䝔䜱䞊䜺䝹ἲ䛷䛿䚸㖟ドศ㞳つᐃ䛜⨨䛛䜜䚸㐃㑥㡸㔠ಖ㝤බ♫䛜タ❧䛥䜜䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸

ྠἲ䛻䜘䜚㐃㑥‽ഛไᗘ䛻⌮஦఍䠄䠢䠮䠞䠅䛸䠢䠫䠩䠟䛜⨨䛛䜜䠢䠮䠞䛾ᶒ㝈䞉ᶵ⬟䛜ᙉ໬䛥䜜 䛯䚹ドๆྲྀᘬᡤἲ䛻䜘䜚䠯䠡䠟䛜タ⨨䛥䜜䚸ཝ᱁䛺ᕷሙつไ┘ど䛜ᐇ᪋䛥䜜ጞ䜑䛯䚹㖟⾜䛾 ᨭᗑႠᴗ䛜⚗Ṇ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸ᣢᰴ఍♫䜢฼⏝䛧䛯⬺ἲ⾜Ⅽ䛜ᶓ⾜䛧䛯䛯䜑䚸㖟⾜

ᣢᰴ఍♫ἲ䜢ไᐃ䛧䚸䠢䠮䠞䛜㔠⼥ᕷሙ䛻䛚䛡䜛ໟᣓⓗ䛺┘╩⪅䛸䛺䜚䚸ᘓᅜ௨᮶䛾㐃㑥ᨻ ᗓ䛾ᝒ㢪䛷䛒䛳䛯㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙ䛻䛚䛡䜛㐃㑥つไ䛜᏶ᡂ䛧䛯䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠐❶䛷䛿䚸ᘓᅜ䛛䜙㖟⾜ᣢᰴ఍♫ἲไᐃ䜎䛷䛾㔠⼥ᴗ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㐃㑥つไ䛾ᡂ䜚❧䛱 䛛䜙䚸୍㌿䛧䛶㔠⼥つไ⦆࿴䛾₻ὶ䜢㏣䛳䛶䛔䛟䚹㈨ᮏ䛾ᅜ㝿໬䛻䜘䜛➇த䛛䜙䚸⡿ᅜᕷሙ 䜒㔠⼥䛾⮬⏤໬䛜㐍䜑䜙䜜䛯䛜䚸୰ኸ㖟⾜䛷䛒䜛䠢䠮䠞䛜䜾䝷䝇䞉䝇䝔䜱䞊䜺䝹ἲ䛾㖟ドศ 㞳つᐃ䛾ἲ௧ゎ㔘䜢ኚ᭦䛧䚸㖟⾜䛻䜘䜛ドๆᴗ䜈䛾ཧධ䜢ㄆ䜑䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸㖟⾜䜢䜑䛠䜛㔠

⼥つไ䛜୍Ẽ䛻⦆࿴䜈䛸ྥ䛛䛳䛯䚹ᕧ኱㔠⼥䜾䝹䞊䝥䛿ᵝ䚻䛺㔠⼥Ꮚ఍♫䜢タ❧䛧䚸䠢䠮䠞 䛻䜘䜛ㄆྍ䛷ドๆᴗ䚸䜹䞊䝗䝻䞊䞁䜔ఫᏯ䝻䞊䞁➼䛾䝜䞁䝞䞁䜽䛻䜘䜛㔠⼥஦ᴗ䜢ᒎ㛤䛧䛶 䛔䛳䛯䚹䛸䜚䜟䛡䚸䠍䠕䠔䠓ᖺ䛻ᑵ௵䛧䛯䜾䝸䞊䞁䝇䝟䞁䠢䠮䠞㆟㛗䛻䜘䜛኱⫹䛺つไ⦆࿴䛿㔠

⼥䛾ᣑ኱䜢Ⓨ⏕䛥䛫䚸䝸䝇䜽䛾೫ᅾ໬䛾せᅉ䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾᩿⥆ⓗ䛺つไ⦆࿴䛻ྜ䜟䛫䚸

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኱ᜍៃ᫬䛻䜒ၥ㢟䛸䛺䛳䛯฼┈┦཯➼䛾ᘢᐖ䜢㜵Ṇ䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ䛜 ᑟධ䛥䜜䛯䚹୍᪉ྥ䛾つไ⦆࿴䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸⃭ኚ䜢⦆࿴䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻ᶵ⬟䛧䛯䛜䚸䠍䠌ᖺ㛫䛷᧔ ᗫ䛥䜜䛯䚹䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ⮬య䛿ไᐃἲ䛻䜘䜛䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸䝹䞊䝹䝯䜲䜽䛻䜘䜛つ ไᙉ໬䛷䛒䜚䚸䠍䠕䠕䠌ᖺ௦䛻᪥ᮏ䛻䜒ᑟධ䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸䛭䛾㐣⛬䜢῝䛟ศᯒ䛧䛯䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠑❶䛷䛿䚸䝃䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮㔠⼥༴ᶵⓎ⏕䜎䛷䛾⡿ᅜ䛾㔠⼥┘╩ᶵᵓ䛾⤌⧊䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹 㐃㑥つไ䛸ᕞつไ䛜ᑐ❧䛧䚸㐃㑥┘╩ᶵ㛵䜒」ᩘ䛒䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸ᕞつไ䜒㐃㑥つไ䜒ཷ䛡 䛺䛔㔠⼥ᴗ⪅䜢స䛳䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸つไ⦆࿴䛻䜘䜚ከᵝ䛺㔠⼥஦ᴗ䜢ᒎ㛤䛩䜛㔠⼥䜾䝹 䞊䝥䛾ᙧᡂ䜢ㄆ䜑䜛୍᪉䛷䚸䜾䝹䞊䝥඲య䜢㐃⤖䝧䞊䝇䛷┘╩䛩䜛つไᶵ㛵䛜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎⦅䛷䛿䚸ⱥᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ኚ㑄䜢⮬↛Ⓨ⏕ⓗ䛻䛷䛝䛒䛜䛳䛯䝅䝔䜱䜢ᡭ ጞ䜑䛸䛧䚸ྠ䛨䛟㔠⼥༴ᶵⓎ⏕䜎䛷䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹ⱥᅜ䛿䝻䞁䝗䞁䛾䝅䝔䜱䛾⮬ᕫつᚊ䚸䝆䜵䞁䝖 䝹䝯䞁䝈䞉䝹䞊䝹䛜ཝ᱁䛻㐠Ⴀ䛥䜜䚸ไᐃἲ䛻䜘䜛㖟⾜つไ䛿䠍䠕䠓䠕ᖺ㖟⾜ἲ䛻䜘䜛䜲䞁䜾 䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜䛻䜘䜛┘╩䚸ᕷሙつไ䛿䠍䠕䠔䠓ᖺ㔠⼥䝃䞊䝡䝇ἲ䛻䜘䜚┘╩つไ䜢ጤ௵䛥䜜䛯䠯䠥 䠞䛜タ⨨᰿ᣐἲ䜢ᣢ䛯䛺䛔⮬୺つไᶵ㛵䛷䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䜢⪃䛘䜛䛸䚸䠎䠌䠌䠌ᖺ䛾㔠⼥䝃䞊䝡䝇 ᕷሙἲ䛻䜘䜛䠢䠯䠝䛻䜘䜛┘╩䜎䛷䚸䝅䝔䜱䛾⮬୺つไ䛻ጤ䛽䜙䜜䛶䛝䛯䚹䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶䚸䝅䝔䜱 䛜୍ඖⓗ┘╩⪅䛷䛒䛳䛯䠢䠯䠝䛻つไ䛥䜜䛯䛾䛿ᩘⓒᖺ䛾Ṕྐ䛾୰䛷䜟䛪䛛䠍䠑ᖺ㛫䛧䛛䛺 䛟䚸䛭䛾䜋䛸䜣䛹䛾ᮇ㛫䛿䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛯⮬୺つไ䛻䜘䛳䛶㐠Ⴀ䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䛣 䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠍❶䛷䛿䚸䝡䝑䜾䝞䞁௨๓䛾䝅䝔䜱䛾⮬୺つไ䛛䜙ጞ䜎䛳䛯ⱥᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつ ไ䛾ᡂ䜚❧䛱䜢䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜䛻䜘䜛㖟⾜┘╩䛜ἲᐃ䛥䜜䜛䜎䛷䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗 㖟⾜䛿䝬䞊䝏䝱䞁䝖䞉䝞䞁䜹䞊䛺䛹䛾Ẹ㛫㈨ᮏ䛷タ❧䛥䜜䚸ṇ㈌ඟ᥮䚸ᡭᙧ஺᥮䜢㏻䛨䛶㔠

⼥ᶵ㛵䛾⮬୺つไᶵ㛵䛸䛺䜚䚸䝅䝔䜱䛾㔠⼥ᕷሙ䛾Ⓨ㐩䛻䛚䛔䛶୰ᚰⓗ䛺Ꮡᅾ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹 㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎❶䛷䛿䚸䝃䝑䝏䝱䞊ᨻᶒ䛻䜘䜛䝡䝑䜾䝞䞁䛻㛵㐃䛩䜛㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉䛸つไ⦆࿴䜢䜎 䛸䜑䛯䚹ⱥᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸䝃䝑䝏䝱䞊ᨻᶒ䛻䜘䜛୍㐃䛾᪋⟇䛿䚸㈨ᮏ䛾 ᅜ㝿໬䚸㔠⼥䛾⮬⏤໬䛾ὶ䜜䜢ཷ䛡䛯䝅䝔䜱䛾⌧௦໬䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䝆䝵䞁䞉䝬䝑䝉䜲㖟⾜◚⥢䛻 䜘䜛䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜┘╩䛾ぢ┤䛧䛷䚸䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜䛻䜘䜛┤᥋┘╩䛾ᑐ㇟䜢ᣑ኱䛥䛫䛯䚹 䜎䛯䚸㔠⼥䝃䞊䝡䝇ἲ䛻䜘䜚䚸䠯䠥䠞䜢㈈ົ┬䛾ᣦᐃ⮬୺つไᶵ㛵䛸䛧䛶ㄆྍ䛧䚸ᴗែ䛤䛸䛾

⮬୺つไᶵ㛵䜢ᡤ⟶䛥䛫䜛஧ඖ┘╩ไᗘ䜢ᑟධ䛧䛯䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉䛿䚸䝻䞁䝗䞁ド ๆྲྀᘬᡤᨵ㠉䛻䜘䜛䝥䝺䞊䝲䞊䛾ᣑ኱䛸࿧ᛂ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䚸䝅䝔䜱䛾⮬୺つไ䜢ᑛ㔜䛧䛯ୖ䛷䚸

㈈ົ┬䛾㛵୚䜢ᙉ䜑䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠏❶䛷䛿䚸䠍䠕䠕䠓ᖺ䛻ㄌ⏕䛧䛯䝤䝺䜰ᨻᶒ䛻䜘䜛ປാඪつไ䛾ᵓ⠏䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹䜲䞁

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䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜䛾㔠⼥ᨻ⟇䛻㛵䛩䜛⊂❧ᛶ䜢ἲᐃ䛧䚸㔠⼥┘╩ᶒ㝈䜢䠯䠥䠞䜢ᨵ⤌䛧䛯䠢䠯䠝䜈

⛣⟶䛧䚸୺せᅜ䛷䛿౛䜢䜏䛺䛔⊂❧ᛶ䛾㧗䛔୍ඖⓗ┘╩ᶵ㛵ไᗘ䜢๰タ䛧䛯䚹䠢䠯䠝䛿つ ไ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛻䝥䝸䞁䝅䝥䝹䞉䝧䞊䝇䜢᥇⏝䛧䚸⏬୍ⓗ䛺䝹䞊䝹䛾㐺⏝䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸㔠⼥ᶵ㛵䛾

⮬୺ᛶ䚸ᕷሙつᚊ䛻ጤ䛽䛯ᕷሙつไ䜢㐠⏝䛧䛯䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾䝡䝑䜾䝞䞁䛸䝥䝸䞁䝅䝥䝹䞉䝧䞊䝇 䛻䜘䜚䚸䝅䝔䜱䛿㐣ཤ䛻䛺䛔㔠⼥䛾ᣑ኱䜢⤒㦂䛧䚸ⱥᅜ䛾᭷ຊ㖟⾜䛷䛒䜛䠮䠞䠯䜔䠤䠯䠞䠟䛾

⥲㈨⏘㢠䛜⡿㖟ୖ఩⾜䜢ୖᅇ䜛䜋䛹䛾䝞䝤䝹䛜ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䛯䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠏⦅䛷䛿䚸䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ኚ㑄䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹᫂἞⥔᪂௨㝆䛾䜟䛜ᅜ 䛻䛿䚸⸬ᮐ䜔ኴᨻᐁᮐ䛺䛹䛾୙᥮⣬ᖯ䛜኱㔞䛻ὶ㏻䛧䚸Ⓨๆ㖟⾜ไᗘ䛸බമ䜢ὶ㏻䛥䛫䜛 ドๆྲྀᘬᡤ䛾タ❧䛜ᛴົ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹኱ⶶᐁ൉䛷䛒䛳䛯኱㝰㔜ಙ䛸ఀ⸨༤ᩥ䛿䚸Ⓨๆ㖟⾜ไ ᗘ䛾䝰䝕䝹䜢༡໭ᡓதᚋ䛻ᅜἲ㖟⾜ไᗘ䜢タ❧䛧䛯⡿ᅜἲ䛻ồ䜑䚸ྲྀᘬᡤつไ䛿ⱥᅜἲ 䛚䜘䜃኱㝣ἲ䜢ཧ⪃䛻䛧䛯䚹௨᮶䚸䜟䛜ᅜ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙἲไ䛿䚸⡿ᅜἲ䚸ⱥᅜ ἲ䚸኱㝣ἲ➼䛾ẚ㍑ἲ◊✲䛻䜘䜚ἲไᗘ䛜᳨ウ䛥䜜䚸㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙ䛜ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䚹䛣 䛾୰䛷䚸኱ⶶ┬䛿䠍䠌䠌ᖺ௨ୖ୍㈏䛧䛶㔠⼥┘╩つไ䛾୰ᚰ䛻䛒䜚䚸᫂἞ึᮇ䛾⤌⧊䞉ไᗘ 䛛䜙䠎䠌䠌䠌ᖺ䛾┬ᗇ෌⦅䛷ゎయ䛥䜜䜛䜎䛷䜢ヲ⣽䛻ศᯒ䛧䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸ㅖእᅜ䛾㔠⼥つไ䛜

୰ኸ㖟⾜䜢୰ᚰ䛻ᒎ㛤䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸᪥ᮏ㖟⾜䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒䚸䛭䛾ἲⓗᛶ᱁䜔⤌⧊䛾 ᡂ䜚❧䛱䜢ศᯒ䛧䛯䚹ᡓᚋ䠣䠤䠭䛜䜟䛜ᅜ䛻ᣢ䛱㎸䜣䛰㖟ドศ㞳ไᗘ䛿䚸䠎䠌䠍䠌ᖺ䛻䝣䜯䜲 䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ䛜኱ᖜ䛻⦆࿴䛥䜜䜛䜎䛷⥔ᣢ䛥䜜䛯䛜䚸㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉䚸つไ⦆࿴䛿ᖖ䛻 䛣䛾㖟ドศ㞳䛜㆟ㄽ䛸ᑐ❧䛾୰ᚰ䛻䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸㖟ドศ㞳䜢䜑䛠䜛ἲᨵṇ䚸ᨻ┬௧䛾 ไᐃ䛸ᨵṇ䛾ኚ㑄䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒ศᯒ䜢ヨ䜏䛯䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠍❶䛿䚸᫂἞䛾㯪᫂ᮇ䛛䜙ᡓ๓䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ኚ㑄䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹᫂἞䠍䠐ᖺ 䛾ᨻኚ䜎䛷䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙἲไ䜢ᖖ䛻୺ᑟ䛧䛶䛝䛯䛾䛿኱㝰䛷䛒䜚䚸䛭䛾ᵓ᝿䛻 䛿୰ኸ㖟⾜๰タ䜎䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹ᅜ❧㖟⾜ไᗘ䛾๰タ䛸䛭䛾ኻᩋ䚸ᬑ㏻㖟⾜ไᗘ䛾㛤ጞ䛸㖟⾜

⾜ᨻ䛜Ⓨๆไᗘ䛾タ❧䛛䜙㖟⾜ไᗘ⮬య䛾☜❧䛸┘╩ᙉ໬䜈䛸┠ⓗ䛜㌿᥮䛧䛶䛔䛟㐣⛬

䜢䜎䛸䜑䛶䛔䜛䚹ྲྀᘬᡤつไ䛿䚸බമ䜢ୖሙ䛥䛫ὶ㏻ᕷሙ䜢⫱ᡂ䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜ึᮇ䛾䛽䜙 䛔䛷䛒䜚䚸䛭䛣䛻䛿ᕷሙ䜒ᢞ㈨⪅䜒䛺䛟䚸ᴗ⪅㛫䛾㕲ⅆሙ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹ᡓ๓䛾ドๆᕷሙつไ䛿䚸 䛣䛖䛔䛳䛯ᝏ㉁䛺ᴗ⪅䜢ྲྀ䜚⥾䜎䜛⏘ᴗ㆙ᐹⓗ䛺┘╩䛷䛒䜚䚸චチไ䛸ཝ᱁䛺┘╩ไᗘ䛜䛸 䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䚹䜟䛜ᅜึ䛾ドๆἲ௧䛸䛺䛳䛯ᰴᘧྲྀᘬ᮲౛䛿䝻䞁䝗䞁ᰴᘧྲྀᘬᡤ఍๎䜢䝰䝕 䝹䛻䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䚸ྲྀᘬᡤ䛾㐠Ⴀ䛿⮬୺つไ䛻䛿ጤ䛽䜙䜜䛪䚸䝗䜲䝒ἲ➼኱㝣ἲ䛾 ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛔䛯䚹ᡓ᫬ୗ䛻ධ䜛䛸㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛻䛚䛔䛶᪥ᮏ㖟⾜ἲ䜔᪥ᮏドๆྲྀ

ᘬᡤἲ䛺䛹኱ⶶ኱⮧䛾௓ධᶒ䛜ᙉ䛔ᡓ᫬⤫ไୗ䛾❧ἲᥐ⨨䛜᥇䜙䜜䛶䛔䛳䛯䚹

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㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎❶䛿䚸ᡓᚋ䛾㔠⼥つไ䚸ドๆྲྀᘬἲ䛸㖟⾜ἲ䛾ไᐃ䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹 ᡓᚋ䚸䠣䠤䠭䛿 ᵝ䚻䛺⡿ᅜᆺ䛾ἲไᗘ䜢ᑟධ䛥䛫䛶䛔䛟㐣⛬䛷䚸᪥ᮏドๆྲྀᘬᡤἲ䜢ᗫṆ䛧䚸᪂䛧䛔ドๆ

❧ἲ䜢ồ䜑䛯䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑䚸ドๆྲྀᘬἲ䛿䚸⡿ᅜ䛾ドๆἲ䜔ドๆྲྀᘬᡤἲ䜢ẕἲ䛸䛧䛯䜒䛾 䛸ゝ䜟䜜䜛䛜䚸⡿ᅜἲ䛛䜙ᑟධ䛥䜜䛯䛾䛿Ⓩ㘓ไ䛸ドๆྲྀᘬጤဨ఍䚸䝕䜱䝇䜽䝻䞊䝆䝱䞊ไ ᗘ䛸㖟ドศ㞳つᐃ䛷䛒䜚䚸䛭䛾௚䛾ᴗ⪅つไ䛿ᡓ๓䛾᭷౯ドๆᴗྲྀ⥾ἲ䜔ྲྀᘬᡤἲ䛛䜙

⥅ཷ䛧䛯つᐃ䛜ከ䛔䚹㖟ドศ㞳つᐃ䛿䚸⡿ᅜἲ䛷䛿㖟⾜ἲ䛻⨨䛛䜜䛯䛜䚸䜟䛜ᅜ䛷䛿ドྲྀ

ἲ䛻⨨䛛䜜䚸ᡓ๓බ♫മ䛾ᘬཷᴗົ䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䛯㖟⾜䛿ᢞ㈨┠ⓗ䛾ドๆ኎㈙௨እ䛿ドๆ ᴗົ䛜䛷䛝䛺䛟䛺䜚䚸䛣䛾つไ䛿ᖹᡂ䠐ᖺ䠄䠍䠕䠕䠎ᖺ䠅䜎䛷⥔ᣢ䛥䜜䛯䚹᫛࿴䠑䠒ᖺ䠄䠍䠕䠔䠍ᖺ䠅 䛻㖟⾜ἲ䛜඲㠃ᨵṇ䛥䜜䚸㡸㔠⪅ಖㆤ䜔ಙ⏝䛾⥔ᣢ䚸㔠⼥䛾෇⁥䛸䛔䛳䛯┠ⓗつᐃ䛜ධ䜚䚸

኱ཱྀ⼥㈨つไ➼䚸㏻㐩䛻䜘䜛⾜ᨻᣦᑟ䜢ἲᐃ໬䛧䛯䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠏❶䛷䛿䚸䠍䠕䠔䠑ᖺ䛾䝥䝷䝄ྜព䛻ጞ䜎䛳䛯䝞䝤䝹䛸䛭䛾ᚋ䛾ᔂቯ䚸㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉 ἲ䜎䛷䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹䝞䝤䝹ᔂቯ䛻䜘䜛ドๆᕷሙ䛾ప㏞䛿ᦆኻ⿵ሸ➼䛾ドๆ୙⚈஦䜢Ⓨ⏕䛥 䛫䚸ドๆྲྀᘬ➼┘どጤဨ఍䛜タ⨨䛥䜜䛯䚹┘どጤဨ఍䛿䚸タ❧᫬䛾㆟ㄽ䛷᪥ᮏ∧䠯䠡䠟➼

䛾䠏᮲ጤဨ఍䜢ᮃ䜐ኌ䜒ᙉ䛛䛳䛯䛜䚸኱ⶶ┬䛾እᒁ䛸䛺䜛䠔᮲ጤဨ఍䛸䛺䜚䚸⌧ᅾ䛻⮳䛳䛶 䛔䜛䚹ᖹᡂ䠐ᖺ䠄䠍䠕䠕䠎ᖺ䠅䛻䛿㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉ἲ䛜ไᐃ䛥䜜䚸Ꮚ఍♫᪉ᘧ䛻䜘䜛㖟⾜䞉ドๆ 䛾┦஫ཧධ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛶ᡓᚋ䠣䠤䠭䛜ᑟධ䛧䛯㖟ドศ㞳䛜⦆࿴䛥䜜䛯䚹ྠ᫬䛻฼┈┦཯➼

䛾ᘢᐖ䜢㜵Ṇ䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸ཝ᱁䛺䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ䛜ᑟධ䛥䜜䚸㖟⾜䛻䜘䜛ドๆᴗ䛾ཧ ධ䛿ẁ㝵ⓗ䛻㐍䜑䜙䜜䛯䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠐❶䛷䛿䚸ᖹᡂ䠕ᖺ䠄䠍䠕䠕䠓ᖺ䠅ᒣ୍ㆇๆ䛾⮬୺ᗫᴗ䛷ጞ䜎䜛䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛸䛭 䛾ᚋ䛾ᑐᛂ䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹ᒣ୍ㆇๆ䛾◚⥢௨㝆䜒䚸୕ὒドๆ䚸໭ᾏ㐨ᣅṪ㖟⾜䛜⤒Ⴀ◚⥢䛧䚸 㔠⼥䝅䝇䝔䝮୙Ᏻ䛜ᙉ䜎䜛୰䚸㔠⼥෌⏕ἲ䛜ไᐃ䛥䜜䚸᫬㝈❧ἲ䛻䜘䜛㔠⼥ᶵ㛵䛾◚⥢ฎ

⌮䛾ᯟ⤌䜏䚸㔠⼥┘╩ᶵᵓ䜢෌⦅䛩䜛㔠⼥෌⏕ጤဨ఍䛾タ⨨䛺䛹䛜㆟ဨ❧ἲ䛷ᐇ᪋䛥䜜 䛯䚹኱ⶶ┬䛜ゎయ䛥䜜䚸䠎䠌䠌䠍ᖺ䛻䛿㔠⼥ᗇ䛜㔠⼥෌⏕ጤဨ఍䛾ᡤ⟶஦ົ䜢ᘬ䛝⥅䛔䛰䚹

᪥ᮏ㖟⾜ἲ䜒ᨵṇ䛥䜜䚸኱ⶶ኱⮧䛾ᗈ⠊䛺ᣦ᥹࿨௧ᶒ䜢ᗫ䛧䚸㔠⼥ᨻ⟇䛻䛚䛡䜛⊂❧ᛶ䛜

☜ಖ䛥䜜䛯䚹㔠⼥ไᗘ䛷䛿䚸ⱥᅜ䜢䝰䝕䝹䛻㔠⼥䝡䝑䜾䝞䞁䛜᥎㐍䛥䜜䚸㔠⼥䝅䝇䝔䝮ᨵ㠉 ἲ䛾ไᐃ䚸㔠⼥ᣢᰴ఍♫䛾ゎ⚗䛻䜘䜚䚸㖟⾜䛿ᣢᰴ఍♫䛻䜘䜚㔠⼥䜾䝹䞊䝥䜢ᙧᡂ䛩䜛䛣 䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜚䚸㖟⾜䚸ドๆ➼䛾㔠⼥஦ᴗ䜢ᒎ㛤䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛯䚹㔠⼥෌⏕ἲ䛷䛾㔠⼥

ᶵ㛵◚⥢ฎ⌮䛿᫬㝈❧ἲ䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䚸㡸㔠ಖ㝤ἲ䠍䠌䠎᮲䛜つᐃ䛥䜜䚸䛭䛾ᯟ⤌䜏䛿ᜏஂ

໬䛥䜜䛯䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠑❶䛿䚸䜟䛜ᅜ䛜㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛛䜙෌⏕䛧䛶䛔䛟㐣⛬䛻䛚䛡䜛䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ䛚

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䜘䜃ᴗつไ䛾⦆࿴䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹ᴗつไ䛾⦆࿴䛿䛭䛾኱༙䛜㖟⾜ᴗ䛻䜘䜛ドๆᴗົᣑ኱䜢

ಁ㐍䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䛸䜚䜟䛡䠎䠌䠍䠌ᖺ䛻᪋⾜䛥䜜䛯ᙺ⫋ဨවົつไ䛾᧔ᗫ䛿䚸㖟⾜䜢୰

ᚰ䛸䛧䛯㔠⼥䜾䝹䞊䝥䛜ᵝ䚻䛺㔠⼥஦ᴗ䜢୍య䛸䛺䛳䛶㐠Ⴀ䛷䛝䜛኱ᨵ㠉䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䜙 䛾つไ⦆࿴䛜㐍䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䛟୰䛷䚸ドྲྀἲ䛜ᨵṇ䛥䜜䚸㔠⼥ၟရྲྀᘬἲ䛻ᨵ⦅䛥䜜䛯䚹ᴗ つไ䛜⦆࿴䛥䜜䛶䛔䛟୰䛷䚸㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙ䜢ᶓ᩿ⓗ䛻つไ䛧䛶䛔䛟ᚲせᛶ䛜⏕䛨䛯䛛䜙䛷 䛒䛳䛯䚹ドྲྀἲ䞉㔠ၟἲ䛾┠ⓗつᐃ䛾ゎ㔘ㄽ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒㔠⼥つไୖ㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䚸䛭䛾 ኚ㑄䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠐⦅䛿䚸䠎䠌䠌䠔ᖺ䛾䝸䞊䝬䞁䞉䝤䝷䝄䞊䝈䛾◚⥢䛻䜘䛳䛶᭱㧗₻䛻㐩䛧䛯⡿ᅜⓎ䛾䝃 䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛾⤒⦋䛸Ⓨ⏕ཎᅉ䛾ศᯒ䚸ⱥ⡿䛾㔠⼥つไᨵ㠉䛾ືྥ䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹䝃 䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛿䛭䛾ᚋ䛾⡿ᅜ䚸ⱥᅜ䛾ᑐᛂ䛜䚸ἲつไ䛾ᙉ໬䛸䛺䛳䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䜒䛂ἲ 䛾ၥ㢟䛃䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹㔠⼥ᴗ⪅䛜㐣ᗘ䛺䝸䝇䜽䜢䛸䜛యไ䜢チᐜ䛧䚸䛭䜜䛻ᑐ䛩䜛䝥䝹䞊䝕䞁䝇 つไ䛜⬤ᙅ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸⡿ᅜᅛ᭷䛾㐃㑥ἲ䛸ᕞἲ䛾㝽㛫䜒㔠⼥ᴗ⪅䛾୙ṇ䜢ຓ㛗䛧䛶 䛔䛯䚹⡿ᅜ䛸ⱥᅜ䛾ඹ㏻Ⅼ䛿䚸㔠⼥ᶵ㛵䛾◚⥢ฎ⌮ἲไ䛜᫂☜䛷䛺䛛䛳䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸ᑐᛂ 䛜ᚋᡭ䛻ᅇ䜚䚸༴ᶵ䜢ຓ㛗䛧䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾཯┬䛛䜙䚸ⱥ⡿䛸䜒䛻┘╩ᶵᵓ䛾෌⦅䛚 䜘䜃ᶒ㝈䛾ぢ┤䛧䜢⾜䛔䚸㈈ົ┬䛾㛵୚䜢᫂☜䛻䛧䛯ୖ䛷䚸୰ኸ㖟⾜䜢୰ᚰ䛻ᤣ䛘䛯ᶵᵓ ᨵ㠉䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠍❶䛷䛿䚸䠎䠌䠌䠓ᖺ䛛䜙ጞ䜎䛳䛯䝃䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛾䛝䛳䛛䛡䜔⤒῭Ꮫ䛻䜘䜛ཎ ᅉศᯒ䚸ἲ䛾ၥ㢟䛸䛺䛳䛯ᵓ㐀Ḟ㝗䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹⡿ᅜ䛻䛿㐃㑥つไ䛜䜎䛳䛯䛟䛺䛔䛛䚸䛒䛳 䛶䜒⬤ᙅ䛺㔠⼥ᴗ⪅䜈䛾つไ䛸䛺䜚䚸䛭䛾᭱䛯䜛䜒䛾䛜ఫᏯ䝻䞊䞁ᴗ⪅つไ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䝃䝤 䝥䝷䜲䝮䠝䠞䠯➼ၥ㢟䛸䛺䛳䛯ドๆ໬ၟရ䛿䚸ఫᏯ䝻䞊䞁䜢ᢸಖ䛻䛧䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑䚸ఫᏯ䝻䞊䞁 䛾ᐇ⾜⮬య䛻ၥ㢟䛜䛒䜛䛸䚸䛭䛾ᚋ䛾മᶒᅇ཰䛿ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹ドๆ໬䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻䛿᱁௜

ᴗ⪅䜔䝰䝜䝷䜲䞁➼䛾㐃㑥つไ䛜ᙅ䛔㔠⼥ᴗ⪅䛾Ꮡᅾ䛜䛒䜚䚸䛔䛳䛯䜣ドๆ໬䛜῭䜣䛷䛧 䜎䛖䛸ᢞ㈨ᐙ䛻䛿᱁௜䛾䜏䛜ಙ⏝䛷䛝䜛䜒䛾䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䛯䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾ఫᏯ䝻䞊䞁䛾ドๆ໬䛻 䛿ᨻᗓ䛾ᣢᐙᨻ⟇䜔㈋ᅔᆅ༊䜈䛾⼥㈨ᣦᑟ➼䛾㔠⼥⾜ᨻ䜒䛒䜚䚸ᨻᗓ䛾୙సⅭ䜒䛒䛳 䛯䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎❶䛿䚸⡿ᅜ䛾㔠⼥つไᨵ㠉䛾ὶ䜜䜢䝗䝑䝗䞉䝣䝷䞁䜽ἲไᐃ䜎䛷䜎䛸䜑䚸㔜せ㡯┠䛾

❧ἲ㐣⛬䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹㔠⼥༴ᶵ᫬䛻ᨻᶒ䜢ᢸ䛳䛶䛔䛯ඹ࿴ඪ䛛䜙Ẹ୺ඪ䛾䜸䝞䝬኱⤫㡿䜈 ᨻᶒ஺௦䛧䚸䜸䝞䝬኱⤫㡿䛿⮬䜙ཎ᱌䜢ᥦ♧䛩䜛ᙉ䛔䝁䝭䝑䝖䝯䞁䝖䜢䜒䛳䛶㔠⼥つไᨵ㠉䛻

⮫䜣䛰䛜䚸❧ἲ㐣⛬䛷䝻䝡䞊άື䛻ᢲ䛥䜜䚸ୗ㝔ἲ᱌䛿ᙜึ᱌㏻䜚䛾ཝ᱁䛺䜒䛾䛸䛿䛺䜙 䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸Ẹ୺ඪ䛜ୖ㝔⿵㑅䛷㆟ᖍ䜢ⴠ䛸䛩䛸ὶ䜜䛜ኚ䜟䜚䚸⮬ᕫྲྀᘬ䜔䝣䜯䞁䝗ᢞ

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㈨䜢⚗Ṇ䛩䜛䝪䝹䜹䞊䞉䝹䞊䝹䛜᥇⏝䛥䜜䚸௚䛻䜒䝕䝸䝞䝔䜱䝤ྲྀᘬつไ➼ཝ᱁䛺䝹䞊䝹䛜 ᑟධ䛥䜜䛯䛖䛘䛷䝗䝑䝖䞉䝣䝷䞁䜽ἲ䛜ᡂ❧䛧䛯䚹୰ኸ㖟⾜䛷䛒䜛䠢䠮䠞䛜㔠⼥䝅䝇䝔䝮ୖ㔜せ 䛺㔠⼥ᶵ㛵䚸䝜䞁䝞䞁䜽䜢┘╩つไ䛩䜛ᯟ⤌䜏䛜᥇⏝䛥䜜䚸㈈ົ㛗ᐁ䜢㆟㛗䛸䛩䜛㔠⼥Ᏻ ᐃ┘ど༠㆟఍䛜ᖖタ䛥䜜䛯䚹ᕞつไ䛻୍㒊ṧ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛾䚸䝦䝑䝆䝣䜯䞁䝗䜒䠯䠡䠟䛻䜘䜛㐃㑥 つไୗ䛻⨨䛔䛯䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠏❶䛷䛿䚸ⱥᅜ䛾㔠⼥つไ䞉ไᗘᨵ㠉䛾ືྥ䜢ศᯒ䛧䛯䚹䠎䠌䠍䠌ᖺ䛻䛿ಖᏲඪ㐃❧

ᨻᶒ䜈䛾ᨻᶒ஺௦䛜䛒䜚䚸኱ᖜ䛺㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉䛜ᐇ᪋䛥䜜䛯䚹ປാඪᨻᶒ䛾ᮎᮇ䛻䜒ᜏ

ஂⓗ䛺㔠⼥ᶵ㛵䛾◚⥢ฎ⌮ไᗘ䛾❧ἲ໬䜔䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜䜢䝅䝇䝔䝭䝑䜽䝸䝇䜽䛾┘どᶵ 㛵䛻つᐃ䛩䜛➼䛾❧ἲᥐ⨨䛜ᐇ᪋䛥䜜䛯䛜䚸䝜䞊䝄䞁䝻䝑䜽䜢䠍䠐䠌ᖺ䜆䜚䛾㖟⾜ྲྀ௜䛷◚

⥢䛥䛫䛯஦ᐇ䜢ୡㄽ䛜チ䛥䛪䚸ᨻᶒ஺௦䛻䜘䛳䛶ປാඪ䛜⠏䛝ୖ䛢䛯㔠⼥┘╩ᶵᵓయไ䛿

⤊↉䛧䛯䚹䜻䝱䝯䝻䞁᪂ᨻᶒ䛿㈈ົ┬䞉䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜䞉䠢䠯䠝䛾୕ᴟయไ䛜↓㈐௵యไ䛰 䛳䛯䛸᩿䛨䚸䠢䠯䠝䛾ᗫṆ䛸䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛯┘╩ᶵᵓ䛻෌⦅䛧䛯䚹䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗 㖟⾜ෆ䛻䠢䠬䠟䜢タ⨨䛧䚸䝬䜽䝻䝥䝹䞊䝕䞁䝇つไ䜢ᡤ⟶䛥䛫䚸䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜ചୗ䛻䠬䠮䠝 䜢⨨䛝䚸㖟⾜➼䛾䝭䜽䝻䝥䝹䞊䝕䞁䝇つไ䜢ᡤ⟶䛥䛫䛯䚹ᴗ⪅つไ䜔⾜Ⅽつไ䜢䚸䠢䠯䠝䜢ྡ

⛠ኚ᭦䛧䛯䠢䠟䠝䛻ᡤ⟶䛥䛫䚸䠬䠮䠝㛗ᐁ䚸䠢䠟䠝㛗ᐁ䛿┦஫䛾⌮஦఍䛾ᵓᡂဨ䛸䛺䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䚸 䠢䠬䠟䛾䝯䞁䝞䞊䛸䜒䛺䛳䛯䚹䠢䠟䠝䛾つไ┠ⓗ䛻䛂㔠⼥ᕷሙ䛻䛚䛔䛶౯᱁ᙧᡂ䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻㏱᫂

ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛃䛸䚸䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠ၟἲ䛸ྠ䛨䛟䛂ᕷሙ䛃䛸䛂౯᱁ᙧᡂ䛃䛜᫂ᩥ䛾つᐃ䛻䜘䜚᥇⏝䛥 䜜䛯䚹䠢䠯䠝䛾䝥䝸䞁䝅䝥䝹䞉䝧䞊䝇䛾つไ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䜢Ⓨᒎ䛥䛫䚸᪂┘╩ᶵᵓ䛿䝆䝱䝑䝆䝯䞁 䝖䞉䝧䞊䝇䜢᥇⏝䛧䛯䚹⌧≧䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟ᑗ᮶䛻䜟䛯䜛䝸䝇䜽➼䜢㐺ษ䛻ุ᩿䛧䚸௓ධⓗ䛻┘╩

䛩䜛᪉㔪䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䛯䚹㖟⾜䛾䝥䝹䞊䝕䞁䝇つไᙉ໬䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䚸⊂❧㖟⾜ጤဨ఍䛜⮬

ᕫ㈨ᮏ䛾ᙉ໬䛸䝸䝔䞊䝹㖟⾜䛸ᢞ㈨㖟⾜䜢ศ㞳䛩䜛䝸䞁䜾䝣䜵䞁䝇䜢⟅⏦䛧䛯䛜䚸ⱥᅜᨻᗓ 䛿ᑟධ䜢䠎䠌䠍䠕ᖺ䜎䛷ᘏ㛗䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢Ⓨ⾲䛧䚸❧ἲ໬䜢⤊䛘䛶䛔䛺䛔䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠑⦅䛷䛿䚸䛣䛣䜎䛷䛾⡿ᅜ䛸ⱥᅜ䛚䜘䜃䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ኚ㑄䚸㔠⼥

༴ᶵ䛾ཎᅉ䛸䛭䛾ᚋ䛾㔠⼥つไ䞉ไᗘᨵ㠉䛾ㄪᰝ䞉ศᯒ䞉ホ౯䛛䜙䚸䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠⼥㈨ᮏᕷ ሙつไ䞉┘╩ᶵᵓ䛾ᑗ᮶ീ䜢᳨ウ䛧䛯䚹୺せᅜ䛜୰ኸ㖟⾜䜢୰ᚰ䛻㔠⼥┘╩ᶵᵓ䜢෌⦅䛧 䛶䛔䛟୰䚸䜟䛜ᅜ䜒᪥ᮏ㖟⾜䛾▱ぢ䜢ά䛛䛧䛯䝬䜽䝻䝥䝹䞊䝕䞁䝇つไ䛾ᙉ໬䛜ᅗ䜜䜛䜘䛖䚸

⪃ᰝ᪉ᘧ䜔᪥ᮏ㖟⾜䛾⤌⧊ᙧែ䛾ぢ┤䛧䜢ᥦゝ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸⌧≧䛾ㄢ㢟䛸䛧䛶ᅜົ኱

⮧䜢⨨䛟㔠⼥ᗇ⤌⧊䛾ぢ┤䛧䜒⪃៖䛧䛯䚹┘どጤဨ఍䛾ᶵ⬟඘ᐇ䜢ᅗ䜛䛯䜑䛻䜒㔠⼥ᗇ䛸

┘どጤဨ఍䜢⤫ྜ䛧䚸䠏᮲ጤဨ఍䛸䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᮃ䜎䛧䛔䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠍❶䛷䛿䚸Ḣ⡿䛷䛾㔠⼥༴ᶵ䜢㋃䜎䛘䛯㔠⼥つไ䛻㛵䛩䜛ᅜ㝿༠ㄪ䛸䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠ၟ

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20

ἲ➼䛾ᨵṇ䛻䜘䜛ᑐᛂ䛸䚸䛭䛾ୖ䛷䛾䜟䛜ᅜ䛾┘╩ᶵᵓ䛾ၥ㢟Ⅼ䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯䚹䠣䠎䠌䝃䝭䝑䝖 䛺䛹䛷䛾ྜព஦㡯䜈䛾ἲᨵṇ䛾ᑐᛂ䛿㏿䛟䚸୰䛷䜒ಙ⏝᱁௜ᴗ⪅つไ䛾❧ἲᥐ⨨䛿᭱䜒

㏿䛛䛳䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䚸䛭䜜䜙䛾つไ䜢ᐇ⾜䛩䜛┘╩ᶵᵓ䛻䛿ᨻᗓ䛛䜙䛾⊂❧ᛶ䛿☜ಖ䛥 䜜䛪䚸⾜ᨻฎศ䛾Ỵᐃ䛻䜒ᨻ⟇ุ᩿䛾వᆅ䛜ṧ䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹᪥ᮏ㖟⾜䛻䛿䝬䜽䝻䝥䝹䞊䝕䞁 䝇つไ䛾㈐௵䛜䛒䜛䜒䛾䛾䚸䛭䜜䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛⪃ᰝ䛻䛿ᐇຠᛶ䛜䛺䛔䚹㈈ົ┬䛿㔠⼥༴ᶵᑐ ᛂ➼䛷᪥ᮏ㖟⾜䛸༠㆟䛩䜛➼䛾ᶵ⬟䛜ṧ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸㔠⼥つไ䞉ไᗘ䛻㛵䛩䜛ᨻ⟇❧᱌

ᶒ㝈䛜䛺䛟䚸䠣䠎䠌䛺䛹䛾ᅜ㝿఍㆟䛾ሙ䛷䛿ᙜ஦⪅䛸䛧䛶䛾Ⓨゝຊ䛜ᙅ䛔䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 ➨䠎❶䛷䛿䚸ලయⓗ䛺ᑗ᮶ീ䛾ᥦ᱌䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹䐟㔠⼥ᗇ䛸┘どጤဨ఍䜢⤫ྜ䛧䛶䠏 ᮲ጤဨ఍䛸䛩䜛䛣䛸䚸䐠᪥ᮏ㖟⾜䜢ᅜ᭷໬䛧䚸ᨻ⟇ጤဨ఍䜢䠏᮲ጤဨ఍䛸䛩䜛䛣䛸䚸䐡䛣䜜䜙 䛾ጤဨ఍䜢㈈ົ┬䛾እᒁ䛻⨨䛝䚸㈈ົ┬ෆ䛻㔠⼥つไ䞉ไᗘ䛾ᨻ⟇❧᱌䜢⾜䛖⊂❧䛧䛯⤌

⧊䜢⨨䛟䛣䛸䚸䛾䠏䛴䛜㦵Ꮚ䛷䛒䜛䚹ⱥ⡿䛾㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉䛜୰ኸ㖟⾜䜢ᇶ㍈䛸䛧䛯ไᗘ䛸䛺 䜛୰䚸䜟䛜ᅜ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒᪥ᮏ㖟⾜䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛻䛚䛡䜛఩⨨䛵䛡䛿㠀ᖖ䛻㔜せ䛷 䛒䜛䛜䚸ⱥ⡿ἲ䛸䜟䛜ᅜ䛾⌧⾜ἲ䛾Ỵᐃⓗ䛺ไᗘ䛾㐪䛔䛿䚸୰ኸ㖟⾜䛷䛒䜛䠢䠮䠞䜒䜲䞁䜾 䝷䞁䝗㖟⾜䜒㐣ཤ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸䜎䛯䠢䠮䠞䛿⌧ᅾ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䚸ไᐃἲୖ䛾㔠⼥┘╩ᶒ㝈䜢᭷䛧䛶 䛔䛯䚸䛺䛔䛧᭷䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾Ⅼ䚸䛯䛸䛘䜀᪥ᮏ㖟⾜䛾ᨻ⟇ጤဨ఍䜢⊂❧⾜ᨻጤ ဨ఍䛻ᨵ⤌䛧䚸㔠⼥ᗇ䜔┘どጤဨ఍䛾㔠⼥つไ䞉┘╩ᶒ㝈䜢⛣⾜䛧䚸ⱥ⡿ᆺ䛾┘╩ᶵᵓ䛾 ᯟ⤌䜏䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜒ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜝䛖䛜䚸ᐇ㝿䛻≀⌮ⓗ䛻⤌⧊䜢ኚ䛘䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛿ྛᐁ൉⤌

⧊䛻䜘䜛᢬ᢠ䜔㌵㎚䛜᝿ീ䛻㞴䛟䛺䛟䚸⌧ᐇⓗ䛷䛿䛺䛔䚹⌧≧䛾┘╩ᶵᵓ䜢᭱㐺໬䛧䚸᪥ᮏ 㖟⾜䛾▱ぢ䜢䛔䛛䛻䝬䜽䝻䝥䝹䞊䝕䞁䝇つไ䛾ᙉ໬䛻ά⏝䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜䜟䛜ᅜ䛻䛸䛳䛶㔜 せ䛷䛒䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸㐣ཤ䛾஦౛䛾䜘䛖䛻䚸㔠⼥ᗇ䜔᪥ᮏ㖟⾜➼䛾௻⏬㒊㛛䛜⮬䜙䛾⤌⧊෌⦅

䜔ᗫṆ䜢ᥦ᱌䛩䜛䛣䛸䜒᝿ᐃ䛧䛻䛟䛟䚸㔠⼥⾜ᨻ䛛䜙ศ㞳䛥䜜䛯㈈ົ┬䛜୰❧ⓗ䛻㔠⼥䞉㈨ ᮏᕷሙ䛾ไᗘタィ䜢ᡤ⟶䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䜒ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䚹᭱ᚋ䛿䚸┘╩ᶵᵓ䚸㔠⼥ၟရྲྀᘬᴗ⪅䚸 ᕷሙཧຍ⪅䛜䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙ䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻㐠Ⴀ䛧䛶䛔䛟䛾䛛䚸䛭䛾┠ⓗ䚸䝥䝸䞁䝅 䝥䝹䜒㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䚹ಙ⏝⛛ᗎ䛾⥔ᣢ䜔㔠⼥䛾෇⁥䛸䛔䛳䛯㖟⾜つไ䛾┠ⓗ䚸䛥䜙䛻බṇ䛺 ౯᱁ᙧᡂ䛸ᕷሙᶵ⬟䛾Ⓨ᥹䛸䛔䛳䛯ドๆᕷሙつไ䛾┠ⓗ䚸䛣䜜䜙䜢䛿䛯䛩䛯䜑䛾ᙜ஦⪅㛫 䛾୙᩿䛾ດຊ䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜝䛖䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌 䛺䛚䚸ᮏ✏䛿௨ୗ䛾ᴗ⦼䜢ຍ➹䞉ಟṇ䛧䛶䜎䛸䜑䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹ⱥᅜἲ䛾◊✲䛻䛴䛔䛶 䛿䚸䛭䜜䜎䛷⡿ᅜἲ䛾◊✲䜢୺䛸䛧䛶䛔䛯䛯䜑✵ⓑ䛾㡿ᇦ䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䚸䠍ᖺ㛫䛾䝻䞁䝗䞁኱

Ꮫ䠄䠱䠟䠨䠅䛻䛚䛡䜛ᅾእ◊✲䜢㏻䛨䛶ㄪᰝ䞉ศᯒ䛾ᖜ䜢ᗈ䛢䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䚸㔠⼥ไᗘᨵ㠉❧

ἲ䛻㛵䛩䜛ⱥᅜ㆟఍䛾ᑂ㆟䜢═䜑䛺䛜䜙䚸ಖᏲඪᨻᶒ䛻䜘䜛᪂䛧䛔┘╩ᶵᵓ෌⦅䜢᳨ウ䛩

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21

䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䚹䛣䛾ᶵ఍䜢୚䛘䛶䛟䛰䛥䛳䛯ᣦᑟᩍᤵ䛷䛒䜛ୖᮧ㐩⏨ᩍᤵ䚸䝻䞁䝗䞁኱Ꮫ䛾 ᑠ⏣༤ᩍᤵ䛻ឤㅰ䛧䛯䛔䚹

➨䠍⦅㻌 ⡿ᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ኚ㑄

䛂᪥⡿䛻䛚䛡䜛㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไᨵ㠉䛸䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ䛾୍⪃ᐹ䛃

᪩✄⏣኱ᏛἲᏛ఍ㄅ䠒䠌ᕳ䠍ྕ䠄䠎䠌䠌䠕ᖺ䠅䠏䠔䠏䠉䠏䠔䠕㡫 䛂⡿ᅜ㔠⼥つไᴫㄽ䇷ᘓᅜ䛛䜙䝗䝑䝖䞉䝣䝷䞁䜽ἲ䜎䛷䇷䛃

ᅜኈ⯓኱Ꮫ᭱ඛ➃ᢏ⾡㛵㐃ἲ◊✲䠕䞉䠍䠌ྜేྕ䠄䠎䠌䠍䠍ᖺ䠅䠍䠕䠎䠉䠍䠎䠎㡫

➨䠎⦅㻌 ⱥᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ኚ㑄 䛂㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛸ⱥ⡿䛾つไᨵ㠉䛾⌧≧䛃

䜰䜹䝕䝭䜰ྀ᭩䠍䠍ᕳ䛄⌧௦䝡䝆䝛䝇䜢ぢ䜛┠䛻☜䛛䛥䜢䛅䠄ᡂᩥᇽ䚸䠎䠌䠍䠎ᖺ䠅䠔䠎䠉䠔䠒㡫

➨䠏⦅㻌 䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ኚ㑄

䛂᪥⡿䛻䛚䛡䜛㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไᨵ㠉䛸䝣䜯䜲䜰䞊䜴䜷䞊䝹つไ䛾୍⪃ᐹ䛃

᪩✄⏣኱ᏛἲᏛ఍ㄅ䠒䠌ᕳ䠍ྕ䠄䠎䠌䠌䠕ᖺ䠅䠏䠕䠏䠉䠐䠍䠒㡫 䛂㔠⼥㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䞉┘╩ᶵᵓ䛾ኚ㑄䛸ᑗ᮶ീ䛃

బ⸨ⱥၿඛ⏕ྂᕼグᛕ䛄⤒῭⾜ᨻἲ䛾⌮ㄽ䛅䠄᪥ᮏホㄽ♫䚸䠎䠌䠍䠌ᖺ䠅䠍䠌䠐䠉䠍䠍䠓㡫

➨䠐⦅㻌 䝃䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛸㔠⼥つไᨵ㠉

䛂䝃䝤䝥䝷䜲䝮㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛸䜰䝯䝸䜹䛾ఫᏯ䝻䞊䞁ᕷሙつไᨵ㠉䛃 㔠⼥㈈ᨻ஦᝟䠎䠌䠌䠕ᖺ䠍䠌᭶䠍䠎᪥ྕ䠏䠑䠉䠏䠔㡫

䛂ఫᏯ䝻䞊䞁ᕷሙつไ䛸ᾘ㈝⪅ಖㆤ䛃

௻ᴗ䛸ἲ๰㐀䠒ᕳ䠏ྕ䠄䠎䠌䠍䠌ᖺ䠅䠎䠐䠉䠏䠎㡫

䛂⡿ᅜ㔠⼥つไᴫㄽ䇷ᘓᅜ䛛䜙䝗䝑䝖䞉䝣䝷䞁䜽ἲ䜎䛷䇷䛃

ᅜኈ⯓኱Ꮫ᭱ඛ➃ᢏ⾡㛵㐃ἲ◊✲䠕䞉䠍䠌ྜేྕ䠄䠎䠌䠍䠍ᖺ䠅䠍䠎䠎䠉䠍䠐䠑㡫 䛂䝗䝑䝖䞉䝣䝷䞁䜽ἲ䇷⥲ㄽ䛸ྛᶵᵓᨵ㠉䇷䛃

௻ᴗ䛸ἲ๰㐀䠓ᕳ䠏ྕ䠄䠎䠌䠍䠍ᖺ䠅䠍䠒䠉䠎䠑㡫 䛂䜲䜼䝸䝇䛻䛚䛡䜛㔠⼥つไᨵ㠉䛾⌧≧䛃 㔠⼥㈈ᨻ஦᝟䠎䠌䠍䠍ᖺ䠕᭶䠑᪥ྕ䠐䠑䠉䠐䠕㡫

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22 䛂㔠⼥༴ᶵ䛸ⱥ⡿䛾つไᨵ㠉䛾⌧≧䛃

䜰䜹䝕䝭䜰ྀ᭩䠍䠍ᕳ䛄⌧௦䝡䝆䝛䝇䜢ぢ䜛┠䛻☜䛛䛥䜢䛅䠄ᡂᩥᇽ䚸䠎䠌䠍䠎ᖺ䠅䠑䠎䠉䠔䠎㡫䚸䠔䠓䠉䠕䠒㡫

➨䠑⦅㻌 䜟䛜ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛㔠⼥㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䞉┘╩ᶵᵓ䛾ᑗ᮶ീ

䛂㔠⼥㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䞉┘╩ᶵᵓ䛾ኚ㑄䛸ᑗ᮶ീ䛃

బ⸨ⱥၿඛ⏕ྂᕼグᛕ䛄⤒῭⾜ᨻἲ䛾⌮ㄽ䛅䠄᪥ᮏホㄽ♫䚸䠎䠌䠍䠌ᖺ䠅䠍䠍䠓䠉䠍䠎䠎㡫 䛂䝗䝑䝖䞉䝣䝷䞁䜽ἲ䇷⥲ㄽ䛸ྛᶵᵓᨵ㠉䇷䛃

௻ᴗ䛸ἲ๰㐀䠓ᕳ䠏ྕ䠄䠎䠌䠍䠍ᖺ䠅䠎䠑䠉䠎䠕㡫

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23

➨䠍⦅㻌 ⡿ᅜ䛾㔠⼥䞉㈨ᮏᕷሙつไ䛾ኚ㑄

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24

➨➨䠍❶㻌 ᘓᅜ䛛䜙༡໭ᡓத䜎䛷

➨䠍⠇㻌 䜰䝯䝸䜹ྜ⾗ᅜ䛾⊂❧䛸㐃㑥䞉ᕞᨻᗓ㛫䛾ᑐ❧

䠍䠓䠓䠒ᖺ䚸໭ᮾ㒊䠍䠏ᕞᆅᇦ䛜ⱥᅜ䛛䜙⊂❧䛧䚸䜰䝯䝸䜹ྜ⾗ᅜ䛜ㄌ⏕䛧䛯䚹ᘓᅜ๓䛾

⡿ᅜ䛻䛿ⱥᅜ䛾䜏䛺䜙䛪䚸䝣䝷䞁䝇䚸䜲䝍䝸䜰䛺䛹Ḣᕞྛᅜ䛛䜙ᵝ䚻䛺Ẹ᪘䛜⛣Ẹ䛧䚸⊂⮬

䛾䝁䝭䝳䝙䝔䜱䜢ᙧᡂ䛧䛺䛜䜙䚸䛭䜜䜙䛜⏫䜔ᕷ䜈䚸䛭䛧䛶ᕞ䜈䛸Ⓨᒎ䛧䛶䛔䛳䛯䚹ゝㄒ䜢ጞ䜑䚸

ᩥ໬䜔♫఍つ⠊䛺䛹ᕞ䛤䛸䛻ᯟ⤌䜏䛜␗䛺䜚䚸ྜ⾗ᅜ᠇ἲ䜢⤫୍䛾ἲ⌮ᛕ䛸䛩䜛㐃㑥ไ䜢 䛸䛳䛶䛔䛯䜒䛾䛾䚸ᘓᅜᙜึ䛛䜙ᕞᨻᗓ䛾ᶒ㝈䛜ᙉ䛛䛳䛯䚹

⊂❧ᙜึ䛾ⱥᅜ䛸䛾ᡓ㈝䜢ㄪ㐩䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻ᚋ䛾ึ௦㈈ົ㛗ᐁ䛸䛺䜛䝝䝭䝹䝖䞁䜙䛾ᥦ

᱌䛻䜘䜚䚸䠍䠓䠔䠌ᖺ䛻䝨䞁䝅䝹䝞䝙䜰㖟⾜䛜タ❧䛥䜜䚸䛭䛾⩣ᖺ䛻䛿㐃㑥఍㆟䛾๓㌟䛷䛒 䜛኱㝣఍㆟䛻䜘䜚タ❧䛥䜜䛯䝜䞊䝇䜰䝯䝸䜹㖟⾜䛻ᘬ䛝⥅䛜䜜䛯(3)䚹ྠ⾜䛿ึ䜑䛶㐃㑥䠄኱

㝣䠅㆟఍䛜චチ䜢୚䛘䛯䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶タ❧䛥䜜䚸⊂❧㛫䜒䛺䛔⡿ᅜ䛾୰ኸ㖟⾜䛸䛧䛶ᶵ⬟䛥 䛫䜘䛖䛸௻⏬䛥䜜䛯(4)䚹ᘓᅜ᫬䛾㖟⾜䛾ᙺ๭䛿䚸ᕞᨻᗓ䚸㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䜈䛾㈨㔠䛾㈚௜䚸㡸㔠 䛾ྲྀ䜚ᢅ䛔䚸䛭䛧䛶㏻㈌䛾Ⓨ⾜䛷䛒䜚䚸䛸䜚䜟䛡䝗䝹⣬ᖯ䛾Ⓨ⾜䛿㖟⾜䛾᭱䜒㔜せ䛺ᴗົ䛷 䛒䜚䚸ᶵ⬟䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䛣䛾䛯䜑䚸ᘓᅜᙜึ䛛䜙⡿ᅜ䛾㖟⾜ไᗘ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸䝜䞊䝇䜰䝯䝸䜹㖟⾜

䛸䛭䛾ᚋ䛻ᕞ㆟఍䜔ᕞᨻᗓ䛾චチ䞉チྍ䛻䜘䜚タ❧䛥䜜䛯䝙䝳䞊䝶䞊䜽㖟⾜(5)䛺䛹䛾ྛᕞ䛾 㖟⾜䛸ᴗົ䛜➇ྜ䛧䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸䝜䞊䝇䜰䝯䝸䜹㖟⾜䛿୰ኸ㖟⾜䜢ᚋ䛾ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䜈ᘬ䛝⥅

䛞䚸Ẹ㛫㖟⾜䜈㌿᥮䛫䛦䜛䜢ᚓ䛺䛟䛺䛳䛯䚹

䝗䝹㏻㈌䛿ඟ᥮⣬ᖯ䛷䛒䜚䚸ᕞ㆟఍䛾චチ䛻䜘䜚タ❧䛥䜜䛯㖟⾜䛜䚸⣬ᖯⓎ⾜㢠䛾୍

ᐃ䛾๭ྜ䛾ṇ㈌䠄㔠䠅䜢‽ഛ㔠䛸䛧䛶㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䛾㈈ົ┬䛻ᣐฟ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷Ⓨ⾜䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䚹 ᕞᨻᗓ䛻䛿ᕞෆ䛾䝗䝹⣬ᖯ䛾ὶ㏻䚸㖟⾜タ❧䜢ಁ䛩䛯䜑䚸᪂タ㖟⾜䜔᪤Ꮡ㖟⾜䛻ᑐ䛧䚸‽

ഛ㔠䛾㈇ᢸ䜢ᑡ䛺䛟䛩䜛䜲䞁䝉䞁䝔䜱䝤䛜䛒䜚䚸㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䛻䛿㏻㈌Ⓨ⾜䜢⿬௜䛡䜛‽ഛ㔠䛾

඘㊊䛻䜘䜛㏻㈌౯್䛾Ᏻᐃᛶ䚸⤫୍ᛶ䜢☜ᐇ䛻䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾㐃㑥චチᶒ䚸䛭䜜䛻ᇶ䛵䛟㖟⾜

(3) Myers, Margaret, A Financial History of the United States, 1970, Columbia University Press, at 41

(4) ᑎᆅᏕஅ䛂䠍䠕ୡ⣖ึᮇ䛻䛚䛡䜛ྜ⾗ᅜ㈈ົ┬䛾ᙺ๭䛃ၟᏛㄽ✲䠏䠔ᕳ䠐ྕ䠄䠍䠕䠕䠍ᖺ䠅䠍 䠌䠓㡫䚹

(5) ྠ♫䛿䠍䠓䠔䠐ᖺ䛻タ❧䛥䜜䛯᭱ྂ䛾Ẹ㛫ၟᴗ㖟⾜䛷䛒䜚䠄䝙䝳䞊䝶䞊䜽ᕞ㆟఍䛛䜙Ⴀᴗ චチ䜢ㄆྍ䠅䚸⌧ᅾ䜒Bank of New York Mellon䛸䛧䛶Ꮡ⥆䞉Ⴀᴗ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䝙䝳䞊䝶䞊䜽ド ๆྲྀᘬᡤ䛷䛾ᰴᘧ䝁䞊䝗䛿㖟⾜(Bank)䜢㇟ᚩ䛩䜛’BK’䛷䛒䜚䚸㈨⏘㐠⏝䚸㈨⏘⟶⌮ᴗົ䛺 䛹䛷⡿ᅜ䜢௦⾲䛩䜛㔠⼥ᶵ㛵䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹

(26)

25

┘╩ᶒ䜢ᣢ䛴䜲䞁䝉䞁䝔䜱䝤䛜䛭䜜䛮䜜䛒䛳䛯䚹䛴䜎䜚䚸㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䛿䚸⡿ᅜෆ䛾䛩䜉䛶䛾㖟

⾜䛿㐃㑥⟶⌮ୗ䛻⨨䛛䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛸䛧䚸୍᪉ᕞᨻᗓ䚸ᕞ䛾௦⾲⪅䛸䛺䜛㐃㑥㆟఍䛾

㆟ဨ䛿䚸ྜ⾗ᅜ᠇ἲ䛻䛿㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䛻䜘䜛㖟⾜Ⴀᴗ䛾チㄆྍ䠄චチᶒ䠅䛿୍ᩥ䛯䜚䛸䜒つᐃ 䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䛸䛧䚸䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾୺ᙇ䛻䛿኱䛝䛺㝸䛯䜚䛜䛒䛳䛯(6)

➨䠎⠇㻌 ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛸୰ኸ㖟⾜๰タ䜈䛾᣸ᢡ

䠍㻌 ➨୍ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛾๰❧䛸ኻᩋ

ᕞ㆟఍䛻䜘䜛Ⴀᴗචチ䛷タ❧䛥䜜䛯㖟⾜䛿䚸’State Chartered Bank’䚸䛂ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛃䛸

࿧䜀䜜䛯䚹ྛ㖟⾜䛿䚸㖟⾜䛤䛸䛻≉ู❧ἲ䛷タ❧䛻≉チ䜢୚䛘䜛ᙧᘧ䜢䛸䜚䚸ྛᕞ䛜ṇ㈌

䛾‽ഛ⋡䛺䛹⊂⮬䛾ᇶ‽䛻䜘䜚㏻㈌Ⓨ⾜䜢ㄆ䜑䛯䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䚸ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛿ᕞ䛤䛸䛻␗䛺䜛㉁

䛾㏻㈌䜢஘Ⓨ䛧䚸≀౯䜈䛾ᙳ㡪䛜኱䛝䛛䛳䛯䚹㏻㈌౯್䜢Ᏻᐃ䛥䛫䜛䛯䜑䚸㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䛿㐃 㑥චチ䛻䜘䜛㖟⾜タ❧䜢㐃㑥㆟఍䛸༠㆟䛧䚸䠍䠓䠕䠍ᖺ䛻䝜䞊䝇䜰䝯䝸䜹㖟⾜䜢䝰䝕䝹䛸䛧䛶 䛂ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜(Bank of the United States)䛃䜢タ❧䛧䛯(7)䚹ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛿䚸㐃㑥⤫୍ᇶ‽䛾

㏻㈌䜢Ⓨ⾜䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛯䛜䚸ᕞᨻᗓ䜈ㆡṌ䛧䚸㐃㑥චチ䛿䠎䠌ᖺ㛫᭷ຠ䛾᫬㝈ᥐ⨨䛸䛧䚸

ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛻ᕞἲ㖟⾜䜈䛾┘╩つไᶒ䜢ㄆ䜑䛪䚸ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛻䜘䜛㏻㈌Ⓨ⾜䛾ేᏑ䜒ㄆ䜑 䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䛣䛾㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䞉㆟఍䛻䜘䜛ጇ༠䛿䚸ពᅗ䛫䛦䜛ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛸ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛾➇த䞉 ᑐ❧䜢⏕䜣䛰䚹ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛾ᴗົ䛿䚸㏻㈌Ⓨ⾜䚸බ㔠䛾㡸ク䚸බⓗᶵ㛵䜈䛾㈨㔠౪୚䚸ᡭ ᙧ๭ᘬ䜔㡸㔠䛺䛹ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛭䛾䜒䛾䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䛣䛾䛯䜑䚸ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛿᪤䛻ᕞᨻᗓ䞉㆟఍䛻 䜘䜚චチ䜢ཷ䛡䛶ከᩘႠᴗ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛜ྛᕞ䛻ᒎ㛤䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷኱䛝䛺㌵

㎚䜢⏕䛨䛥䛫䚸㆟఍䛷䛿ྛᕞ䛾ᶒ┈䜢Ᏺ䜛཯㐃㑥୺⩏䛾཯ᑐ䛛䜙䠎䠌ᖺ㛫᭷ຠ䛾චチ᭦᪂ 䛾ᑂ㆟䛻ධ䜛䜎䛷䜒䛺䛟䚸ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛿䠍䠔䠍䠍ᖺ䛻ᾘ⁛䛧䛯䚹

䠎㻌 ➨஧ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜

➨୍ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛾ゎయ䛿䚸ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜ᰴ䛾ᾘ༷䛸ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜ๆ䛾ᅇ཰䜢ᚲせ䛸䛧䚸 ᙜ↛䛺䛜䜙䚸䛭䜜䜙䛿ṇ㈌䛷┦ẅ䛥䜜䚸㐃㑥ᨻᗓ఍ィ䛛䜙ከ㢠䛾ṇ㈌䠄㔠䞉㖟䠅䛜ὶฟ䛧䛯(8)

(6) ᆏᮾὒ⾜䛂⡿ᅜ㔠⼥つไᴫㄽ―ᘓᅜ䛛䜙䝗䝑䝗䞉䝣䝷䞁䜽ἲ䜎䛷―䛃ᅜኈ⯓኱Ꮫ᭱ඛ➃ᢏ

⾡㛵㐃ἲ◊✲䠕䞉䠍䠌ྜేྕ䠄䠎䠌䠍䠍ᖺ䠅䠍䠌䠔㡫䚹

(7) Todd, Tim, The Balance of Power – The Political Fight for an Independent Central Bank, 1790 – Present, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 2009 at 2.

(8) すᕝ⣧Ꮚ䠙ᯇ஭࿴ኵ䛄䜰䝯䝸䜹㔠⼥ྐ䛅䠄᭷ᩫ㛶䚸䠍䠕䠔䠔ᖺ䠅䠏㡫䚹

(27)

26

䛭䛾᭱୰䚸䠍䠔䠍䠎ᖺ䚸⡿ᅜ䛜෌䜃ᑐⱥᡓத䜢㛤ጞ䛩䜛䛸䚸ᕧ㢠䛺ᡓ㈝㈇ᢸ䛛䜙㐃㑥㈈ᨻ䛿 䛥䜙䛻ᝏ໬䛧䛯䚹ᘓᅜ᫬䛾㖟⾜ไᗘ䛾㔜せ䛺ᙺ๭䛿䚸㏻㈌Ⓨ⾜䛚䜘䜃㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䜈䛾㈨㔠౪

୚䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䚸➨୍ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䜢ᗫṆ䛧䛯㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䛻䛿୰ኸ㖟⾜䛜䛺䛟䚸䜎䛯ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛰 䛡䛷䛿ᅜᐙ㈈ᨻ䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䛭䛣䛷䚸෌䜃㐃㑥㆟఍䞉ᨻᗓෆ䛷䛿ྜ⾗ᅜ 㖟⾜䜢タ❧䛧䚸୰ኸ㖟⾜䛸䛧䛶ᶵ⬟䛥䛫䜛ᶵ㐠䛜㧗䜎䜚䚸䠍䠔䠍䠒ᖺ䛻䠎䠌ᖺ㛫᭷ຠ䛾Ⴀᴗච チ䛜㐃㑥㆟఍䛛䜙୚䛘䜙䜜䚸෌䜃ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛜タ❧䛥䜜䛯(9)䚹᪂㖟⾜䛿䛭䛾タ❧┠ⓗ䛜➨

୍ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛸ẚ䜉䚸௨ୗ䛾䜘䛖䛻䚸䜘䜚᫂☜䛻䛥䜜䛯(10)

䐟 㐃㑥ᨻᗓ㈈ᨻ㈨㔠䛾☜ಖ㻌 ―㻌 ᨻᗓ㈨㔠䛾㡸ク䛚䜘䜃ฟ⣡⟶⌮䜢⾜䛖䛸䛸䜒䛻䚸 ᚲせ䛺᫬䛻䛿㈨㔠౪୚䜢⾜䛖䚹

䐠 Ᏻᐃ䛧䛯⤫୍㏻㈌䛾Ⓨ⾜㻌 ―㻌 ṇ㈌ඟ᥮䜢ಖド䛥䜜䛯㖟⾜ๆ䜢㐃㑥つᶍ䛷ὶ㏻䛥 䛫䜛䚹≉䛻⛒⛯䛺䛹䛾ᨭᡶ䛔䛿ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜ๆ䛻㝈䜚䚸ᕞἲ㖟⾜ๆ䛾ὶ㏻ᛶ䜢ᙅ䜑 䜛䛣䛸䛜䛽䜙䛔䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹

䐡 ಙ⏝䛾౪୚㻌 ―㻌 ᨭᗑ⥙䜢㏻䛨䛶ᡭᙧ๭ᘬᴗົ䜢⾜䛖䚹

䐢 ᬒẼ䛾ㄪᩚ㻌 ―㻌 ᡭᙧ๭ᘬ㔞䛾ᘬ䛝⥾䜑䞉⦆࿴䜢㏻䛨䛶ಙ⏝䜢ᢚไ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䚸 ᬒẼᚠ⎔䜢䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹䛩䜛䚹

㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䛸䛾㛵ಀ䛷䛿䚸㈨ᮏ䛾䠑ศ䛾䠍䛿㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䛜ಖ᭷䛧䚸䠎䠑ྡ䛾ྲྀ⥾ᙺ䛾䛖䛱䚸 䠑ྡ䛜ྜ⾗ᅜ኱⤫㡿䛻䜘䜚ᣦྡ䛥䜜䚸ᑵ௵䛧䛯䛣䛾䠑ྡ䛾ྲྀ⥾ᙺ䛿䛔䛛䛺䜛㖟⾜䛾ྲྀ⥾ᙺ 䜢වົ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜⚗䛨䜙䜜䛯(11)䚹ᙜ᫬䛾㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䛾⛯཰䛿䚸㍺ධᴗ⪅䛾㛵⛯䛜୺䛷䛒䜚䚸 䛭䛾ᡶ䛔㎸䜏䛿㖟⾜ๆ䛾䜏䛸䛥䜜䚸⣙᮰ᡭᙧ䛿⚗䛨䜙䜜䛯䚹ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛿䚸ᨻᗓ䛾ฟ⣡ᶵ 㛵䛷䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸㍺ධᴗ⪅䛜ᡶ䛔㎸䜣䛰ྛᕞἲ㖟⾜ๆ䜢⛯㛵䛛䜙㡸㔠䛸䛧䛶ཷ䛡ྲྀ䛳䛯䚹 ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛜Ⓨๆ䛩䜛㖟⾜ๆ䛿ṇ㈌䛸䛾ඟ᥮⣬ᖯ䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䚸⤖ᯝ䛸䛧䛶ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛿ᕞ ἲ㖟⾜ๆ䜢ṇ㈌䛻ඟ᥮ㄳồ䛷䛝䜛മᶒ⪅䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䛴䜎䜚䚸୍ぴᡶ䛔䛷㖟䜔㔠䜢ㄳồ䛷䛝䚸 ᕞἲ㖟⾜ๆ䛾ὶ㏻䜔ṇ㈌䛾ฟ䛧ධ䜜䛻䜘䛳䛶ᕞἲ㖟⾜䜈䛾ಙ⏝౪୚䜔㏻㈌౪⤥䜢ᢚไ䛷 䛝䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛯(12)䚹ᕞἲ㖟⾜䜈䛾┤᥋䛾┘╩つไᶒ㝈䛿᫂ᩥ䛾つᐃ䛜䛺䛛䛳䛯䛜䚸ṇ㈌

䜈䛾ඟ᥮ㄳồᶒ䜢㏻䛨䚸ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛾‽ഛ㔠䚸㈨ᮏ㔠䜢㛫᥋ⓗ䛻つไ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䛳

(9) 䠍䠓䠕䠍ᖺ䛻タ❧䛥䜜䛯㐃㑥චチ㖟⾜䜒䚸䠍䠔䠍䠒ᖺ䛻タ❧䛥䜜䛯㐃㑥චチ㖟⾜䜒ྠ䛨䛟ྜ

⾗ᅜ㖟⾜(The Bank of the United States)䛸ྡ௜䛡䜙䜜䛯䛜䚸๓⪅䜢➨୍ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䚸ᚋ

⪅䜢➨஧ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛸࿧䜆䛾䛜័౛䛷䛒䜛䚹

(10) すᕝ䠙ᯇ஭㻌 ๓ᥖὀ䠔㻌 䠐㡫䚹

(11) Hammond, Bray, Jackson, Biddle and the Bank of the United States, The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 7, No. 1 (1947), at 1.

(12) Hammond, id., at 2

(28)

27 䛯(13)

䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺㐃㑥ᨻᗓ୺ᑟ䛻䜘䜛ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䚸䛴䜎䜚୰ኸ㖟⾜䛾Ꮡᅾ䛿䚸ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛾Ⓨ

ๆᴗົ䜢ᢚไ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䚸➨஧ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛜タ❧䛥䜜䜛๓䛻㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䛛䜙㡸ク 䛥䜜䛯බ㔠䛜᪩ᛴ䛻ᘬ䛝ฟ䛥䜜䚸ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛻⛣䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛚䜘䜃ᕞᨻᗓ䛜

⃭䛧䛟཯Ⓨ䛧䛯䚹䠍䠔䠍䠍ᖺ䛻චチ䛜᭦᪂䛥䜜䛪䛻ᾘ⁛䛧䛯➨୍ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛸ྠᵝ䛻䛭䛾ᵝ

┦䛿㐃㑥୺⩏䛸཯㐃㑥୺⩏䛸䛾ᑐ❧䛜኱䛝䛺ཎᅉ䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䚸䛭䜜௨ୖ䛻➨୍ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟

⾜䛜ᾘ⁛䛧䛶௨᮶䚸ᕞᨻᗓ䞉㆟఍䛾චチ䛻䜘䜚Ⴀᴗ䛩䜛ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛜ᛴቑ䛧䚸ᕞ䚸㐃㑥䛹䛱䜙 䛾ᨻᗓ䞉㆟఍䛻䛸䛳䛶䜒⤒῭ⓗ䛻኱䛝䛺ᙳ㡪ຊ䜢ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛜ᣢ䛴䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䛯(14)䚹ྜ⾗

ᅜ㖟⾜䛾ᴗົᣑ኱䜔Ⓨๆᴗົ䛷䛾ᶒ㝈⾜౑䛿䚸ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛾Ⴀᴗ䜢኱䛝䛟ᢚไ䛧䛯䛯䜑䚸䛣 䜜䛜㌵㎚䜢⏕䛨䛥䛫䚸㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䚸ᕞᨻᗓ䜢ᕳ䛝㎸䜣䛰ᨻத䛾ᮦᩱ䛸䛺䜛䛻⮳䛳䛯䚹

䠏㻌 McCulloch v. Maryland ―㻌 㐃㑥ἲ䛾ඃ㉺

ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛿䚸㐃㑥㆟఍䛾≉ู❧ἲ䛻䜘䜚タ❧䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䛯䜑䚸⡿ᅜෆ䛾ᨭᗑ䛿䚸タ

⨨ᕞ䛾ㄆྍ䜢ᚓ䛪䛧䛶タ❧䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䚹ྜ⾗ᅜ᠇ἲ䛻㖟⾜タ❧䛾᫂ᩥ䛾つᐃ䛜䛺䛔䛣䛸䛻 ᑐ䛧䚸ከ䛟䛾ᕞ䛿䛭䛾㐪᠇ᛶ䜢ྖἲ䛾ሙ䛷த䛳䛶䛔䛯(15)䚹୰䛷䜒䚸䝯䝸䞊䝷䞁䝗ᕞ䛿䚸ᕞෆ䛻 Ⴀᴗ䛩䜛㖟⾜䛾䛖䛱䚸䝯䝸䞊䝷䞁䝗ᕞ㆟఍䛾≉チ䜢ᚓ䛺䛔㖟⾜䛻ᑐ䛧䚸㖟⾜ๆ䛾Ⓨๆ䜢⚗Ṇ 䛧䚸䝯䝸䞊䝷䞁䝗ᕞ䛜ㄆド䛧䛯⣬ᖯ䜢㉎ධ䛧䛯䛖䛘䛷Ⓨ⾜䛩䜛ᕞἲ䜢ไᐃ䛧䛯䚹䛴䜎䜚䚸㏻㈌Ⓨ

ๆ䛤䛸䛻ྠᕞ䛻ᑐ䛧Ⓨ⾜⛯䜢ᨭᡶ䛖䛣䛸䜢ἲᐃ䛧䛯䛖䛘䛷䚸䛥䜙䛻ྠᕞ䛾≉チ䜢ᣢ䛯䛺䛔㖟⾜

䛻ᑐ䛧䚸ᖺ㛫䠍䠑䠈䠌䠌䠌䝗䝹䛾ἲே⛯䜢ㄢ䛧䛯(16)䚹䠍䠔䠍䠕ᖺ䚸ྠᕞෆ䛾ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䝪䝹䝔䜱 䝰䜰ᨭᗑ䛿䚸䛩䜉䛶䛾ᕞ⛯䛾ᨭᡶ䛔䜢ᣄྰ䛧䛯䛖䛘䛷䚸ྠᗑ䛻≉ู⛯䜢ㄢ䛩ᕞἲ䜢㐪᠇䛸䛧 䛶㐃㑥⿢ุᡤ䛻ᥦッ䛩䜛஦᱌䛜㉳䛝䛯䠄䛂䝬䜹䝻䝑䜽ᑐ䝯䝸䞊䝷䞁䝗ᕞ䛃஦௳(17)䠅䚹

㐃㑥᭱㧗⿢䛿඲ဨ୍⮴䛻䜘䜚䚸㐃㑥㆟఍䛻䜘䛳䛶❧ἲ໬䛥䜜䛯ྜ⾗ᅜ᠇ἲ䛾ᒚ⾜䜢 㜼ᐖ䛩䜛ᶒ㝈䛜ᕞ䛻䛿䛺䛔䛣䛸䜢ุ♧䛧䚸䝯䝸䞊䝷䞁䝗ᕞ䛻䜘䜛ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䜈䛾ㄢ⛯䜢㐪᠇

䛸䛧䛯䚹ྠุỴ䛷䛿䚸ྜ⾗ᅜ᠇ἲ䛜➨䠒❶䠎㡯䛷䚸䛂䛣䛾᠇ἲ䚸䛚䜘䜃䛣䜜䛻‽ᣐ䛧䛶ไᐃ䛥

(13) ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛜ᕞἲ㖟⾜ๆ䛾ὶ㏻䜢䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹䛩䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䚸⮬䜙䛜ᕞἲ㖟⾜ๆ䜢኱㔞 䛻ಖ᭷䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䚸䛥䛺䛜䜙ᕧ኱䛺മᶒ⪅䛸䛺䛳䛶ṇ㈌䜈䛾ඟ᥮ㄳồ䜢⾜䛔䚸୙೺඲䛺 ᕞἲ㖟⾜䜢‽ഛ㔠୙㊊䛻㝗䜜䚸◚⥢䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹

(14) Hammond, supra note 11, at 7. 䠍䠔䠌䠍ᖺ䛻䠏䠍⾜䛷䛒䛳䛯ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛿䚸➨஧ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟

⾜䛾Ꮡஸ䛜ᨻத䛾ල䛸䛺䛳䛯䠍䠔䠏䠌ᖺ௦ᚋ༙䛻䛿䠓䠔䠔⾜䜎䛷ቑຍ䛧䛶䛔䛯䚹

(15) Hammond, Bray, The Second Bank of the United States, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 43, No.1 (1953), at 81

(16) Myers, supra note 3, at 85

(17) McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316; 4L. Ed.579; (1819)

(29)

28

䜜䜛ྜ⾗ᅜ䛾ἲᚊ䚸䛺䜙䜃䛻ྜ⾗ᅜ䛾ᶒ㝈䛻䜒䛸䛵䛔䛶⥾⤖䛥䜜䛯䚸䜎䛯䛿ᑗ᮶⥾⤖䛥䜜䜛 䛩䜉䛶䛾᮲⣙䛿䚸ᅜ䛾᭱㧗ἲつ䛷䛒䜛䚹䛩䜉䛶䛾ᕞ䛾⿢ุᐁ䛿䚸ᕞ䛾᠇ἲ䜎䛯䛿ἲᚊ䛻཯

ᑐ䛾ᐃ䜑䛜䛒䜛ሙྜ䛷䜒䚸䛣䜜䜙䛾䜒䛾䛻ᣊ᮰䛥䜜䜛(18)䛃䛸ᐉゝ䛥䜜䚸ᕞ㆟఍䛜㐃㑥ἲ䛻┦

཯䛩䜛ἲᚊ䜢ไᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿⚗䛨䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸᫂♧䛧䛯䚹㐃㑥㆟఍䛾චチ䛻䜘䜛ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜

タ❧䜢ྜ᠇䛸䛧䛯ୖ䛷䚸ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛾Ⴀᴗ䜈䛾㜼ᐖ⾜Ⅽ䛸䛺䜛ᕞ䛾ᶒ㝈⾜౑䛾᤼㝖䜢࿨䛨 䛯䚹䝬䜹䝻䝑䜽ᑐ䝯䝸䞊䝷䞁䝗ᕞ஦௳䛷䛾㐃㑥᭱㧗⿢䛾䛣䜜䜙䛾ุ᩿䛿䚸ᕞἲ䜔ᕞつไ䛻ᑐ 䛩䜛㐃㑥ἲ䛾ඃ㉺ᛶ(preemption)䛻䛚䛡䜛ุ౛ἲ䛸䛧䛶䚸䛭䛾ᚋ䛾⡿ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᵝ䚻䛺஦

᱌䛻ᑐ䛧኱䛝䛺ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘⥆䛡䛶䛔䜛(19)

䠐㻌 䝆䝱䜽䝋䞁኱⤫㡿䛸㖟⾜ᡓத

䠍䠔䠎䠏ᖺ䚸➨஧ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛾➨䠏௦⥲⿢䛻ᑵ䛔䛯䝙䝁䝷䝇䞉䝡䝗䝹䛿䚸ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛾୰

ኸ㖟⾜ᶵ⬟䜢ᙉ໬䛧䛯䚹ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜๰タ᫬䛿䚸䛭䛾タ❧┠ⓗ䠄ṇ㈌ඟ᥮⣬ᖯ䛾ὶ㏻䜔ಙ

⏝౪୚䛺䛹䠅䜢㐩ᡂ䛥䛫䜛䛯䜑䛻䚸ᨭᗑ⥙䜢ᣑ኱䛥䛫䛺䛜䜙ᨭᗑ䛤䛸䛾ᇳ⾜ᶒ䜢ㄆ䜑䛯䛜䚸 䝡䝗䝹⥲⿢䛿䛣䜜䜢ᗫ䛧䚸䝣䜱䝷䝕䝹䝣䜱䜰ᮏᗑ䛻ᶒ㝈䜢㞟୰䛥䛫䚸୰ኸ㞟ᶒⓗ䛺⤒Ⴀ⟶⌮

ᶵᵓ䛻⛣⾜䛥䛫䛯(20)䚹ᨭᗑ䛷䛾ṇ㈌஺᥮ᴗົ(21)䜢⚗䛨䚸䝣䜱䝷䝕䝹䝣䜱䜰䛾ᮏᗑ䛻ṇ㈌ඟ

᥮䜢㞟୰䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸㐃㑥ᨻᗓ䛾㔠‽ഛ䜢⟶⌮䛩䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䚸ྛᆅ䛾ᕞἲ㖟⾜䛾ṇ㈌‽ഛ 䜢┘╩つไ䛩䜛ᶒ㝈䜢ᮏᗑ䛻㞟୰䛥䛫䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸ⱥᅜ䛺䛹Ḣᕞ䛛䜙䛾㍺ධ㉸䛷䚸㈠᫆㉥Ꮠ 䛜ᣑ኱䛩䜛୰䚸እᅜⅭ᭰ᕷሙ䛷䛾㔠⼥ㄪᩚ䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛯(22)䚹⥥ⰼ䜢㍺ධ䛩䜛ⱥᅜၟே䛻᣺䜚 ฟ䛥䜜䛯ᅜෆ䛾㍺ฟၟே䛾Ⅽ᭰ᡭᙧ䜢➨஧ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛜㈙䛔ྲྀ䜚䚸ᕤᴗ〇ရ䜢ᅜෆ໭㒊 䜈㍺ධ䛩䜛ၟே䛻኎䜚௜䛡䛯䚹ᙜ↛䚸㍺ධ㉸㐣䛸䛺䜛䛯䜑䚸䛭䛾ᕪ㢠䜢ᇙ䜑䜛䛯䜑䛻䝯䜻䝅 䝁䛛䜙䛾ᆅ㖟䛾㍺ධ䚸Ḣᕞㅖᅜ䛛䜙䛾೉Ḱ䚸ྜ⾗ᅜᨻᗓドๆ䛾኎༷䛺䛹䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䚸㈠᫆䛾

୙ᆒ⾮䜢ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛜㔠⼥ㄪ⠇ᥐ⨨䛷⿵䛳䛯(23)

䝡䝗䝹⥲⿢䛻䜘䜛䛣䜜䜙䛾ኚ㠉䛻䜘䜚䚸䜒䛿䜔ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛿ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䜘䜚௨๓䛻タ

(18) ᅾ᪥⡿ᅜ኱౑㤋බ㛤⩻ヂ䠄⩻ヂ䞉ᩥ㈐䠖㧗ᶫ୍ಟἲᨻ኱ᏛἲᏛ㒊ᩍᤵ䠅 (http://aboutusa.japan.usembassy.gov/j/jusaj-constitution.html)

(19) Myers, supra note 3, at 86

(20) ᴋ஭ᩄᮁ䛂䛄䜰䝯䝸䜹యไ䛅䛸䛄䝆䝱䜽䝋䝙䜰䞁䞉䝕䝰䜽䝷䝅䞊䛅䠄䠒䠅䛃ᶓ὾⤒Ⴀ◊✲䠔ᕳ䠏ྕ

䠄䠍䠕䠔䠓ᖺ䠅䠑䠐㡫䚹

(21) ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜䛻ᣢ䛱㎸䜎䜜䜛ྜ⾗ᅜ㖟⾜ๆ䚸ᕞἲ㖟⾜ๆ䛻ᑐ䛧䚸ṇ㈌䠄㔠㈌䠅䜢ᨭᡶ䛖䛣 䛸䠄ṇ㈌ඟ᥮䠅䚹

(22) Myers, supra note 3, at 86

(23) ᴋ஭㻌 ๓ᥖὀ䠎䠌㻌 䠑䠑㡫䚹

参照

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