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土壌による二酸化炭素の固定と浄化の可能性

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Annual Report of Botanic Garden. Faculty of Science, Kanazawa Univ. No. 23, 2000 15

土壌による二酸化炭素の固定と浄化の可能性

縄谷奈緒子

・ 田崎和江

Naoko NAWATANI* and Kazue TAZAKI* : The possibility of clarification and fixation of carbon dioxide using soils

ABSTRACT : The possibility of clarification and fixation of carbon dioxide associ­

ated with internal alteration of soils were studied. Ten kinds of materials of soil and mineral were used in this experiment Materials were set up in a bag with carbon dioxide from dry ice, and then closed it for 1, 3, and 5 days. The quantitative carbon contents in the materials were analyzed by NCS elemental analyzer, before and af­

ter the experiments.

The result shows that the leaf mold and slaked lime were fitted for the fixation of carbon dioxide 9.1 wt%, and 8. 7 wt%, respectively. The fixation of carbon dioxide did not depend on the water content, pH, and grain size of these materials.

FT-IR analysis indicated that the chemical bonds have changed after treatments.

In the case of slaked lime, transmittance of OH group decrease after calcite forma­

tion [Ca(OH)2+C02

CaCOけH心] • In the case of leaf mold, carbon would com­

bine with sulfur or methyl group, and that methyl group would also combine with phosphorus.

Key words: Carbon dioxide, Clarification, Fixation, Soils.

は じ め に

近年 ,大気中の二酸化炭素濃度は増加の

途を たどっており, 西暦2050年にはその濃度は500 ppmに届くと予測されている(西村ほか 1994)。 ハワイのマウナロアで行われてきた測定で,

大気中の二酸化炭素濃度は1958年の 315ppmから現在 355ppmに増加 していることが明らかに なっ た(Keeling 1993)。 またそれ以前の二酸化炭素濃度については, 南極の氷河に閉じ込め られている空気の分析から明らかにされており, 西暦1800年頃にはその濃度は280ppmであっ

たと見積もられている(Neftel et al. 1985)。

1800年以来現在に至る大気中の二酸化炭素濃度の増加は産業革命以降の人間活動が原因であ り , 直接には石炭· 石油・天然ガスなどの化 石燃料の燃焼がか なりの部分を負っている(西村

• 川端ほか 1994)。 また, 森林伐採や山火事などによるシベリアタイガの破壊も , 大気中の 二酸化炭素濃度 を増加させる要因の

つである (福田

高橋 1999)。

この二酸化炭素濃度の上昇傾向を緩和させるために, 我々は大気中への二酸化炭素排出量削 減に加えて , 新たな二酸化炭素のリザ

を必要としている。 また, 大気中に放出されるニ 酸化炭素の量が膨大であることを考えると, 自然界の二酸化炭素固定化メカニズムに着目して

*〒920-1192 金沢市角間町 金沢大学理学部地球学教室 Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science,

Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan

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