Ṕྐ㒔ᕷ㜵⅏ㄽᩥ㞟 Vol. 6㸦2012ᖺ7᭶㸧 ࠙ㄽᩥࠚ
ᐆ
ᐆỌி㒔ⅆᙜ᪥ఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ
̿ⅆ⅏ᅗᩥ⊩ྐᩱᇶ࡙ࡃ⿕⅏ᐇែࡢཎ̿
What Happened the Day of “Great Fire of Hǀei” in Kyoto in Tokugawa period?
̿The Restoration of the Disaster Circumstances Based on Historical Maps and Records̿
⫤ᗙ┿ᐇᏊ
1࣭㇂➃ 㒓
2Mamiko Mataza and Go Tanibata
1❧㤋ᏛᏛ㝔༤ኈ๓ᮇㄢ⛬ ᩥᏛ◊✲⛉᪥ᮏྐᏛᑓಟ㸦ࠛ603-8577 ி㒔ᕷ༊➼ᣢ㝔⏫56-1㸧
Graduate Student, Ritsumeikan University, Dept. of Japanese History
2❧㤋ᏛᏛ㝔༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬ ᩥᏛ◊✲⛉ᆅ⌮Ꮫᑓಟ㸦ࠛ603-8577 ி㒔ᕷ༊➼ᣢ㝔⏫56-1㸧
Graduate Student, Ritsumeikan University, Dept. of Geography
This is the first study focused on the situation on the very day of “Great Fire of Hǀei” happened in Kyoto in 1708. It differs from the previous studies which generally try to explain all the phenomena subsequent to the Great Fire. First, basing on historical maps and records, we propose a new map reconstructing the geographical boundaries of fire-damaged areas. Moreover, showing the fire progress and three evacuation routes on the map, from the historical records we give the human reactions to the fire (especially about evacuation and firefighting). Our research tries to provide helpful matters for disaster prevention and reduction.
Keywords : Tokugawa period, Kyoto, Great Fire of Hǀei, GIS
㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ᐆỌᖺ㸦1708㸧ࠊᪧᬺ୕᭶ඵ᪥ࡢ༗้ࠊἜᑠ㊰ጜᑠ㊰ୗ㸦୕᮲ୖ㸧すഃࡼࡾ2㌺┠࠶ࡗࡓࠕ୧᭰ᒇఀ ໃ㇂ᕷර⾨ࠖᐙࡽࡢฟⅆࢆᘬࡁ㔠ࠊࡢࡕࠕᐆỌࡢⅆࠖࡤࢀࡿⅆࡣ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡉࢀࡿࠋඵ᪥ࡣ ༡すࡢ㢼ࡀᙉࡃ㡭ୖࡀࡗࡓⅆࡢᡭࡣᮾ⇞࠼ᗈࡀࡗࡓᚋࠊࡧⅆඖ㎶ࡾᡠࡾ⩣᪥ᮍ㹼㓀้㙠ⅆ ࡋࡓ࠸࠺ࠋࡇࡢⅆࡼࡗ࡚300వ㹼470⏫ࠊᚚᡤࡸ࿘㎶ࡢබᐙᒇᩜࠊᑎ⏫ࡢᑎ㝔࡞ࡀ↝ኻࡋࡓࡇࢆࠊ ᪥ṧࡿྐᩱࡣఏ࠼ࡿࠋࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࡢⅆࡢᴫせࢆࠊ➹⪅ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ᑟࡁฟࡋࡓࠋ ㏆ୡᮇࡢி࠾࠸࡚ኳ᫂ࠊඖ୪ࡪつᶍⅆ⅏࡛࠶ࡾࠊிࡢᬒほࢆᖜኚ࠼ࡿࡁࡗࡅ࡞ࡗࡓᐆỌ ி㒔ⅆ㸦௨ୗࠊࠕᐆỌⅆࠖ㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠕ㒔ᕷࠖ࠸࠺どⅬࡽⅆᚋࡢ⏫ࡢኚ㑄㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀ ✚ࡉࢀ1-2)ࠊ㏆ᖺࡣ᪂ࡓࠊⅆ㛵ࡍࡿࠕᡙᩥࠖࡀ⤂ࡉࢀࡓ3)ࠋඛ⾜ࡍࡿㅖ◊✲࡛ࡶᚲࡎⅆࡢᴫせࡀ ♧ࡉࢀ1-7)ࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃྛ⮬࡛ࠗ᭶ᇽぢ⪺㞟࠘ࠗ⩝ⲡ࠘➼ࡢⅆࡢྐᩱࡋ࡚௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᩥ⊩ࡢ࠸ࡃࡘࡽࠊⓎ ⏕᪥ࡸᘏ↝⤒⦋ࠊ࡞⿕⅏ᆅⅬࢆᢳฟࡋࡓࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋྐᩱࡈ⿕⅏ᩘࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡸࠕⅆ⅏ᅗࠖ 8)ࡢᏑᅾࡣㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡢ4)ࠊⅆ⅏ᅗࡶ⪃ᐹᑐ㇟ྵࡵ࡚ࠊ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡸⅆ⅏ࡢᵝᏊࡑࢀ⮬యࡢヲ⣽࡞ ᳨ウࡣ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊẚ㍑᳨ウࡍࡿྐᩱࡢᩘࢆᚑ᮶ࡼࡾቑࡸࡋࠊ⿕⅏ ⠊ᅖࠊ㑊㞴ືྥࠊᾘⅆάື࠸ࡗࡓࡲࡔゎ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ⅆᙜ᪥ࡢ≧ἣࡢ⪃ᐹࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡸ⅏ᐖ ࡢேࡢືࡁ╔┠ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊከศ㔝ࡀྛࠎᚓពࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ṕྐ⅏ᐖ◊✲ࢆ㐍ᒎࡉࡏࡓ⌧ᅾࠊࡑࡢ⤖ ᯝࢆ࠸㜵⅏࣭ῶ⅏ࡘ࡞ࡆࡽࢀࡿࡀㄢ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⫼ᬒࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ㜵⅏࣭ῶ⅏┤⤖ࡋࡸࡍ࠸㡯
ࡢฟࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣࠊ✵㛫ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ㔞ࡢሗฎ⌮ࢆྍ⬟ ࡋࠊ࿘ᮇᛶࡸ⿕⅏ࡋࡸࡍ࠸Ꮨ⠇࣭ᆅᇦࡢ≉ᚩࡢฟࡋ㛗ࡅࡿ㠃ࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㑇₃ࡣචࢀᚓࡎࠊ⅏ᐖࡢಶู ᛶࡸேࡢືࡁࢆ⪃៖ධࢀࡃ࠸ࠋ᪉ࠊཎ㸦2003㸧࡛⋡ඛࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ⅏ᐖሗࡢෆ ᐜࠊఏ㐩ࡢᵝ┦ࡘ࠸࡚ྐᩱᢈุࢆຍ࠼⪃ᐹࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ᪉ἲ9)ࡣࠊே㛫⅏ᐖࡢྥࡁྜ࠸᪉ࢆ᫂ࡽ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊ ≉ᐃࡢࡢゝཬṆࡲࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഃ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୧ᡭἲࡢⅬࢆάࡋࡓ᪉ἲࡢᶍ⣴ࡶࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ࡞ࡿࠋ 㸰㸬◊✲ࡢ᪉ἲ ෑ㢌ࡢⅆࡢᴫせ࡛ࠊ㙠ⅆ้ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕᮍ㹼㓀้ࠖࡋࡓࡇࡣ⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋྐᩱࡈࠕᬽࠖࠕ ࢵࠖࠕᮍࠖࠕ⏦ࡢୗ้ࠖࠕ㓀ࠖ㐪ࡗࡓ⾲⌧ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ༢ྛྐᩱ࡛ㄆ㆑ࡢᕪࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡔࡅ ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᗈᇦཬࡪⅆ⅏ࡢ㝿ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ୍ᩧⅆࡀṆࡴヂ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࡢ♧၀࡛࠶ࡿࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡽ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ↝ኻ⏫ᩘ࡞ࡢ⿕ᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᩘ್ࡣࠊྐᩱ㛫࡛ᖜ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡶࡋࡤࡋࡤ࡛ࠊ࠼ࡤ↝ኻᐙᩘ࡞ ࡽࡤ13༓వ㹼24༓ᖜࡀ࠶ࡾࠊⅆ┤ᚋࡢሗ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿグ㘓ᩘࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋグ㏙ ࡀࡼࡾከࡃࡢྐᩱ୍࡛⮴ࡍࡿࡇሗࡀṇ☜࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣྠ⩏࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡼࡾṇ☜࡛ヲ⣽࡞↝ኻ≧ἣࡢ ཎࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࡞ࡽࡤࠊཎࡋࡓ࠸㡯┠ࡈࡢ⣽࡞ุ᩿ࡢ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡓࠋ ௨ୖࡢၥ㢟ព㆑ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡎ➨3❶࡛ࠊ≉ᚑ᮶᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓⅆ⅏ᅗࡘ࠸࡚స⪅࣭ సᡂ┠ⓗࢆ⪃࠼ࡓୖ࡛ࠊྛྐᩱࡢ≉ᛶࢆ຺ࡋGIS㸦Geographic Information System㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡢཎ ࢆ♧ࡍࠋḟ➨4❶࡛ࡣࠊᩥ⊩ྐᩱᇶ࡙ࡁⅆ⅏ᙜ᪥ࡢேࡢືࡁὀ┠ࡋ࡚ࠊ➨3❶࡛᥎ᐃࡋࡓ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡢ ཎࢆά⏝ࡋࡘࡘࠊ㑊㞴࣭ᾘⅆࡢᐇែࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ㜵⅏࣭ῶ⅏㈨ࡍࡿ㡯ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ศᯒࡢᑐ㇟ࡣࠊ⌧Ⅼ࡛⟶ぢ ࠾࠸࡚ᐆỌⅆ㛵ࡍࡿሗࢆᣢࡘ ࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋᚓࡓࠊⅆ⅏ᅗ3ᯛᩥ⊩ ྐᩱ8Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋⅆ⅏ᅗࡣ౽ᐅୖࠊᙬ Ⰽࡉࢀࡓ᭱ࡶヲᐦ࡞ࡶࡢࢆⅆ⅏ᅗձ 㸦ᅗ1㸧ࠊࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘ᡤࡢࡶࡢࢆⅆ ⅏ᅗղ㸦ᅗ2㸧10)ࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢห⾜ᆅᅗ ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࢆᮒ⥺࡛⾲ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆⅆ⅏ ᅗճ㸦ᅗ3㸧ࡍࡿࠋⅆ⅏ᅗձ࣭ճࡣ ி㒔ᕷṔྐ㈨ᩱ㤋ᡤⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᩥ⊩ྐᩱࡣࠊ᭩ㄅࠊᐆỌⅆ㛵 ࡍࡿグ㏙ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ⾲1ࡲࡵࡓࠋ ⾲1 ᩥ⊩ྐᩱࡢᛶ᱁ ྐ ྐᩱྡ (A)᭩ㄅ 㸭 (B)ᐆỌⅆ㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࡢ≉ᚩ ࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘10) (A) స⪅ࡣ୰ிᮾ㒊ఫࡴࠕ㝧ᩓே⩝ࠖ㸦ጣࡣἲ㈏Ặ㸧࡛ࠊᐆỌᖺ㸦1708㸧༑᭶ࡢ㊙ᩥࡀ ࠶ࡾࠊస⪅⮬㌟ࡀᐆỌⅆ࡛⿕⅏ࡋࡓ㝿ࡢぢ⪺ࢆࠕ࠶ࡾࡢࡲࡲࠖグࡍࠋ (B) ᙜ᪥ࡢᵝᏊࠊⅆᚋࡢᬑㄳࡢෆᐜࡑࡢ⤒῭ຠᯝࠊ↝ኻタྡ࡞ࡀࠊⅆ⅏ᅉࢇࡔ㐣ཤࡢฟ ᮶ࡸḷࢆᤄヰࡋ࡞ࡀࡽླྀ㏙ࡉࢀࠊ㏻ࡈࡢ↝ኻ㝈⏺୪ิࡋ࡚ⅆ⅏ᅗࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠗ ࠗඛ௦ᚚ౽ぴ࠘3) (A) ி㒔ࡢᇽୖ࣭᪥㔝ᐙࡢ㍤ගࠊ㈨ࡢ௦࠶ࡓࡾ᭩ࢀࡓࡉࢀࠊாಖ㡭ࡲ࡛ࡢࠊḷ㛵ࡍࡿ ෆᐜࢆ୰ᚰ᪥㔝ᐙࡢ㛵ᚰᇶ࡙ࡃࢆ㞟ࡵࡿࠋ (B) ᐆỌⅆ㛵㐃ࡢࠕᡙᩥࠖ㢮ࢆ」ᩘࡵࠊ࠺ࡕᮏㄽ࡛⏝࠸ࡓࠕᐆỌⅆ⿕⅏⏫ྡぬ㸦௬㸧ࠖࠕࡁ ࡢࡩࡢῡࡣ㸦௬㸧ࠖࠕ㢗ᨻ࡞ࢆࠫࠖࠕᡶࠖ➼ࡣⅆࡽࠕࢆ⤒ࡎࡋ࡚ࠖ᭩ࢀࡓ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࠋࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘୪ࡧࠊ≉⿕⅏⠊ᅖ࡛ࡶኳⓚ࣭බᐙ㛵㐃タࡸࠊᙜ᪥ࡢᵝᏊヲࡋ࠸ࠋ ࠗ ࠗ᭶ᇽぢ⪺㞟࠘11) (A) ᮏᓥ▱㎮ࡼࡿࠊᡂ❧ᖺࡣ᫂ࡢࠊඖ⚘༑ᖺ㸦1697㸧㹼ாಖ༑ᖺ㸦1734㸧ࡢࠕぢ⪺㞧㘓ࠖࠋ (B) ⅆඖࠊฟ࣭㙠ⅆ᪥ࠊ㏻ࡈࡢ↝ኻ㝈⏺ࠊᚚᡤ࣭㛛㊧࣭බᐙ࣭ྡᐙࡢ⿕⅏タࠊ⿕⅏㛵ࡍ ࡿᩘ್ࠊⅆ┤ᚋࡢ4ᅇࡢⅆ⅏ࠊⅆᚋࡢᑗ㌷ࡽኳⓚ࣭බᐙ࡞ࡢ⊩ୖ≀ࡘ࠸࡚㘓ࠋ ᅗ1 ⅆ⅏ᅗձ ᅗ2 ⅆ⅏ᅗղ ᅗ3 ⅆ⅏ᅗճ
ࠗ ࠗ ࠗẸ༓௦♏࠘10) (A) స⪅ࡣఅぢࡢᕝཱྀዲ࡛ࠊኳ᫂ⅆࡢ⩣ᖺࠊኳ᫂ᖺ㸦1789㸧ṇ᭶หࡢࠊస⪅ࡀ๓ᖺฟࡋࡓ ࠕኳ᫂ࡢⅆࠖ㛵ࡍࡿࠗึ༗ࡲ࠺࡛࠘ࢆᨵゞࡋࡓࡶࡢࠋ (B) ࠕኳ᫂ࡢⅆࠖࡢẚ㍑࡛ࠊⅆඖࠊฟ࣭㙠ⅆ᪥ࠊ↝ኻ㝈⏺ࠊ⿕⅏㛵ࡍࡿᩘ್࡞ࡢࡳ⤂ࠋ ࠗ ࠗ⩝ⲡ࠘12) (A) స⪅ࡣி㒔⏫ዊ⾜ᡤຊ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⚄ἑᮭཱྀ࡛ࠊ200ᕳࡀᡂࡗࡓࡢࡣᐶᨻ୕ᖺ㸦1791㸧ࠊෆᐜ ࡣᮭཱྀ⮬㌟ࡢぢ⪺࣭㝶➹࡛ࠊㅖ᭩ࡽࡢᢤ᭩࡞ᇶ࡙ࡃࠋ (B) ⅆඖࠊฟ࣭㙠ⅆ᪥ࠊ㝔ࡢ㑊㞴⤒⦋ࠊ㏻ࡈࡢ↝ኻ㝈⏺ࠊ⿕⅏㛵ࡍࡿᩘ್ࠊᬑㄳࢆᢸᙜࡋࡓ Ṋᐙࡘ࠸࡚㍕ࡏࠊ୍㐃ࡢグ㏙ࡣᏳỌᖺ㸦1776㸧ࠕఏṧࢀࡿࢆ༑ࡀ୍ࠖᣠࡗࡓࡶࡢࠋ ࠗ ࠗ⥆ྐហᢒ࠘13) (A) ᭱⤊ⓗᐶᨻ༑ᖺ㸦1798㸧ᡂ❧ࡋࠊ⦅⪅࡛࠶ࡿබཀ࣭ᰗཎ⣖ගࡀ∗ࡢ㑇ㄕ౫ࡗ࡚୕༑ᖺ㛫 ࡢྐᩱ㞟ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊடᒣ㹼ᚋ᱈ᅬኳⓚࡲ࡛ࡢ521ᖺ㛫ࢆ⦅ᖺ࡛グࡋࠊグࡣฟࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ (B) ⅆඖࠊฟ࣭㙠ⅆ᪥ࠊ↝ኻ㝈⏺ࠊ⿕⅏㛵ࡍࡿᩘ್ࠊ≉ኳⓚࡸබᐙ㛵㐃ࡢ⿕⅏≧ἣヲࡋ࠸ࠋ ࠗ ࠗඖ⚘ᐆỌ⌋ヰ࠘14) (A) ⦅⪅࣭⦅ᖺ᫂ࡢࠊඖ⚘㹼ᐆỌࡢ23ᖺ㛫ࡢࠕㅖᅜࡢ␗⪺⌋ㄝࢆ⦅㏙ࡋࡓࡶࡢࠖࠋ (B) ⅆඖࠊฟ࣭㙠ⅆ᪥ࠊ↝ኻ㝈⏺ࠊ⿕⅏㛵ࡍࡿᩘ್ࠊ↝ኻタࠊࠕⴠ᭩ࠖࠊⅆᚋࡢᑗ㌷ࡽ ኳⓚ࣭බᐙ࡞ࡢ⊩ୖ≀ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗࢆ㍕ࡏࡿࠋ ࠗ ࠗぶ⏫せ⏝ட㚷㘓࠘ 15) (A) Ọᖺ㸦1854㸧ᡂ❧ࡢࠊୖிぶ⏫➹㢌ୖ❧ぶ⏫⤌ࡢグ㘓࡛⤌ࡢ㛗⪁࣭⚄⏣ಙஂࡀ㘓ࡍࡿࠋ (B) ࠕி୰⏫ࠎ⏫௦ᣢሙྡ๓ࠖ୰ࡢࠕ⚗භ⏫༑⤌ࠖࡢ㡯ⅆඖࠊฟ࣭㙠ⅆ᪥ࠊ↝ኻ⏫ᩘࠊ↝ ኻ㝈⏺ࡢࡳࡢ▷࠸グ㏙ࡀྵࡲࢀࠊෆᐜࡽாಖඵᖺ㸦1723㸧௨㝆᭩ࢀࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡞࠾GISࡢ⫼ᬒᅗࡣࠊࠗி㒔ࡢṔྐ࠘5ᕳ16)ࡉࢀࡓᘏᐆ࣭ඖ⚘ᮇ࠸࠺ẚ㍑ⓗⅆ㏆࠸ᮇࡢᅵᆅ ⏝ࢆ♧ࡋࡓᆅᅗࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡀࠊⅆ๓ᚋࡢᆅᅗぢẚࡿࠊᘓ≀ࡢ᭷↓ࡸᙧ≧ࡀ␗࡞ࡿᆅⅬࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ ࢇࡢᩘᖺ࡛ᐇ㝿ࡢ⏫ࡢᵝᏊࡀኚࢃࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡸࠊᆅᅗࡈ⾲⌧ἲࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚グࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸱㸬⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡢཎ ⅆ⅏ᅗࡢ≉ᛶ ⅆ⅏ᅗࢆྵࡵࡓ⅏ᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅗࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊཎ㸦1999㸧17)ࡀ4ศ㢮ࢆヨࡳ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ᢅࡗࡓⅆ⅏ᅗ ࡢ࠺ࡕཎࡢศ㢮ࡀ㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣⅆ⅏ᅗղࡢࡳ࡛ࠊࠕసᐙ࣭ฟ∧ᴗ⪅ࠖࡼࡿࠕ୍⯡♫ࡢ㉎㈙ᒙࠖྥ ࡅࡓࠕሗࡢఏ㸪┈ࡢ⋓ᚓࠖࡢࡓࡵ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋⅆ⅏ᅗղࡣࠊࡇࡲ࡛↝ࡅࡓࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡢᚲ せ࡞タ࣭㏻ࡔࡅࢆ♧ࡋࠊⅆ⅏ᅗձẚ㍑ࡍࡿࠊ␗࡞ࡿ⠊ᅖࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࠋⅆ⅏ᅗղࡣ⡆␎ ࡉࢀ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡀලయⓗࡇࡢ㏻ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ᫂☜࡛ࠊᚤ⣽⿕⅏ᇦࢆཎࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡛ࡢศᯒࡣ ྥ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊⅆ⅏ᅗղࡣ⾲3࠶ࡿ⿕⅏⠊ᅖゝཬࡋࡓᩥ❶㒊ศࢆ࠶ࡽࢃࡋࡓᅗࡋ࡚ࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘ 㘓ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᚋ㏙ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡑࡢᩥࡢෆᐜࡀⅆ⅏ᅗձ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௨ୖࠊⅆ⅏ᅗձ ղࡣ┦㐪ࡍࡿヂ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊⅆ⅏ᅗղࡀ᭱ᮾ㒊ࠕ࣑ࢱࢸࢩࠖࡋ࡚㣕ࡧⅆࡼࡗ࡚↝ࡅࡓ ᆅᇦࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍࡢᑐࡋࠊᩥ⊩ྐᩱ↷ྜࡍࡿୗ㬞Ἑྜ♫ࡢ㣕ࡧⅆࢆᣦࡍᛮࢃࢀࡿࡑࡢ᪨ࡣࠊ ⅆ⅏ᅗձࡣᥥࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ⅆ⅏ᅗձࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛1ࡘࡢ⿕⅏ᇦࡋ࡚⤖ࡋࡓ㬞ᕝ௨すࡢ⠊ᅖࢆ㛗᪉ᙧࡵࡁࡿᙧែ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑ ࡢ⠊ᅖࡢ࿘⦕⨨ࡍࡿ⿕⅏ᆅᇦࢆᥥ࡞ࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᙬⰍࡉࢀヲ⣽࡞ⅆ⅏ᅗձࡢసᡂᡭ㛫ࡀ ࡗࡓࡇࡣணࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢసᡂ⪅ࠊᖺ௦ࡶࡲࡓ≉ᐃࡋᚓ࡞࠸ࠋṇᚨᅄᖺ㸦1714㸧ࡢࡶࡢࡉࢀࡿ18)ࠊ ࠗி㒔ᚚᙺᡤྥᴫぬ᭩࠘࠾ࡅࡿࠊⅆࡢ㝿ࠕ⏫ኵࠖࡣ↝ࡅ㊧ࢆㄪࠕ⧙ᅯ➼ࠖࢆ᭩࠸࡚ᥦฟࡍࡿࡼ࠺ ࡌࡓグ㏙19)ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿࠊ18ୡ⣖๓༙ ᪤⌧ሙࡢㄪᰝሗ࿌㢮ࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓྍ ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋඖ⚘༑ᅄᖺ㸦1701㸧㡭᭩ ࢀࡓࡳࡽࢀࡿᆅᅗ20)ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ⅆᚋ ኚ ࡋ ࡓ ሗ ࢆ ᭦᪂ ࡋ ࡚ ᐆỌ භ ᖺ 㸦1709㸧ห⾜ࡉࢀࡓᆅᅗ21)ࠊⅆ๓ ᚋࡢᆅᅗࢆぢẚࡿࠊ≉ⅆᚋࡢᆅ ᅗࠕ࢟ࢳࠖ᭩ࢀࡓ㒊ศὀ┠ࡍ ࢀࡤࠊⅆ⅏ᅗձࡣⅆ๓ࡢ≧ែࢆ⾲ࡋࡓ ᆅᅗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸦ᅗ4㸧ࠋ ᅗ4 ᚚᡤ㏆㎶࠾ࡅࡿⅆ๓ᚋࡢኚ㑄 ͤᕥࡽ㡰ࠊⅆ๓సᡂࡢᆅᅗࠊⅆ⅏ᅗձࠊⅆᚋసᡂࡢᆅᅗࠋ
ⅆ⅏ᅗճࡢస⪅࣭ᡂ❧ᖺࡶ᫂ࡔࡀࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢห⾜ᆅᅗࢆ⏝ࡋࡓⅆ⅏ᅗࡢ୍ᙧែࡋ࡚ࠊ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡢ⾲ࡋ ᪉㸦ᮒ⥺ࡶࡋࡃࡣᮒሬࡾ㸧ࠊసᡂࡢ⡆᫆ࡉࡢ㏣ồࠊ㏿ᡂ࣭㔞㈍ࡢ㛵㐃࡞ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛㈗㔜࡞ྐᩱ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋⅆ⅏ᅗճࡣห⾜ᆅᅗୖ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡀ♧ࡉࢀࠊ ᮒ⥺ࡀࡢ㏻ࡸタࢆቃᘬࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࢃࡿ ࡺ࠼⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡢ≉ᐃࡣྍ⬟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋヨࡳࠊ ⅆ⅏ᅗձճᇶ࡙ࡃཎᅗࢆ⤫ྜࡋࡓࡢࡀᅗ5࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋᅗ5࡛ࡣࠊ୧⪅ࡀ♧ࡍ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ ⅆඖࡢ㎶ࡾࢆࡄࡿࡾᅖࡳࡊࡗࡥ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࢆ୍ ➹᭩ࡁࡋ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛యࡢ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡇ ࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ぢཷࡅࡽࢀࡿⅆ⅏ᅗճ࡛ࡣࠊ ᅗࡢ⢭⦓ࡉࡣ㔜どࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 18ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡽ୍ᐃ㔞ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠊⅆ⅏ሗࢆ ఏ࠼ࡿࠕ୍ᯛᦾࠖ㸦࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕࢃࡽ∧ࠖ㸧ࡣࠊห ⾜ᆅᅗᮒሬࡾ࡛⿕⅏⠊ᅖࢆ♧ࡍࡀከ࠸22-23)ࠋ୰ ࡛ࡶࠕᴟᮏࡋࡽࠖ᭩ࢀࡓ୍㐃ࡢࠕᦾ≀ࠖ⩌ࡀ Ⓩሙࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢῡ※ࢆᑡࡋ⪃࠼ࡿࠊᐆỌ ᖺ㸦1705㸧หࡢࠗி⩚㔜࠘24)ࡣࡍ࡛ࠊࠕ㠛ᒇࠖ ࡀࠕࡋࡽࠖࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ᪨ࡀ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⅏ᐖ 㛵㐃ࡢᦾ≀ࠗி⩚㔜࠘ࡢࠕࡋࡽࠖࡀྠࡌෆᐜ ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᐃ࡛࡞࠸ࡀࠊࠗඛ௦ᚚ౽ぴ࠘ࡣ ⿕⅏≧ἣࢆఏ࠼ࡿࠕⱁ⬟Ẹࠖࡢཱྀୖࡀ」ᩘࡵࡽࢀ ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⿕⅏ሗࡢఏ㐩ࡢᢸ࠸ᡭ㌟ศࡢၥ㢟ࡣᐦ ᥋㛵ࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ᅗ5 ⅆ⅏ᅗձճ࠾ࡅࡿ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡢ⤫ྜ ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡢ᥎ᐃ ⤖ㄽࡽ㏙ࡿࠊⅆ⅏ᅗձࡀ♧ࡍ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࠊ㣕ࡧⅆࡼࡿୗ㬞Ἑྜ♫࿘㎶ࡢ⿕⅏ࡢሗࢆຍ࠼ࡓᅗ6 ࢆࠊ⌧ẁ㝵࡛᭱ࡶṇ☜᥎ᐃࡋᚓࡿ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡋࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋⅆ⅏ᅗࡀ♧ࡍ⿕⅏⠊ᅖෆ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ⿕⅏ࢆච ࢀࡓタ⿕⅏タࡀΰᅾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡾ25)ࠊཎࡢ⠊ᅖෆࡀ࡚⿕⅏ࡋࡓࡇࡣពࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ ᅗ6ࡢࡼ࠺᥎ᐃࡋࡓ᰿ᣐࢆࠊ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ᩥ⊩ྐᩱ࠾ࡅࡿ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡢ⾲グ᪉ἲࡣูࡋ࡚2 ࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ1ࡘ┠ࡣࠊ⾲2ࡢࡼ࠺⠊ᅖࡢࠑ㝈⏺ࠒࢆ ㏻ࠊ⏫࣭タྡ࡛➃ⓗ♧ࡍ᪉ἲ࡛ࠊࠗẸ ༓௦♏࠘ࠗ⥆ྐហᢒ࠘ࠗඖ⚘ᐆỌ⌋ヰ࠘ࠗぶ⏫せ ⏝ட㚷㘓࠘ࡀࡇࢀヱᙜࡋࠊ௬⾲グἲձᐃࡵࡿࠋ ⾲グἲձ࡛᭩ࢀࡓྐᩱࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ᥇⏝ࡍࡿ㏻ࡢ ྡࡸヲࡋࡉᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࠗぶ⏫せ⏝ட㚷㘓࠘ ࡢࠕᮾࡣᑎ⏫ࠖ௨እࡾࡓ࡚࡚┦㐪ࡍࡿⅬࡣㄆࡵ ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ2ࡘ┠ࡣࠊᮾす࣭༡ࡣࡋࡿ㏻ࡈࠊ ヲ⣽࡞㝈⏺ᆅⅬࡸᩘ್ࠊලయⓗ࡞タྡࠊ⿕⅏ࡢ⛬ ᗘࡲ࡛グࡍ᪉ἲ࡛ࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘ࠗඛ௦ᚚ౽ぴ࠘ࠗ᭶ᇽ ぢ⪺㞟࠘ࠗ⩝ⲡ࠘ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆ⾲グἲղࡋࠊ すὝ㝔㏻ࢆ⾲3♧ࡋࡓࠋ⾲グἲղ࡛≉ᚩⓗ࡞ࡢ ࡣࠊ⾲3⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ⥲ࡌ࡚ࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘ࠗඛ ௦ᚚ౽ぴ࠘ࡢグ㏙ࡀヲࡋࡃࠊ≉ࠗඛ௦ᚚ౽ぴ࡛࠘ ࡣಶேྡࡲ࡛ฟࡋ࡚↝ኻ⟠ᡤࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⅆ⅏ࡢ⿕ᐖࡣࠊ㙠ⅆᚋ⌧ᆅ⾜ࡅࡤ୍┠࡛ࢃࡿ ࡇࡶ⪃៖ࡍࡿࠊఱ㌺࠸ࡗࡓලయⓗ࡞ᩘᏐࡸಶ ேᏯࡲ࡛♧ࡋ࡚ࡢ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡢグ㏙ࡣࡼࡾ⢭ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ ᅗ6 ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡢཎ ⅆඖ 㽢
ࡶࡢุ᩿ࡋࠊᩥ⊩ୖࡢ᭱ࡶ☜ࡽࡋ࠸グ㏙ࡋ࡚᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ⤒ࡿࡇ࡛ࠊⅆ⅏ᅗ୰ ࡛᭱ࡶヲࡋ࠸ሗࢆᣢࡘⅆ⅏ᅗձࡣࠊ⾲グἲձ࠾ࡼࡧ⾲グἲղࡢ≉᭱ࡶヲ⣽࡞グ㏙୍⮴ࡋࡓࡇࡀࢃ ࡗࡓࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊⅆ⅏ᅗձࡣࠊࠗ᭶ᇽぢ⪺㞟࠘ࠗẸ༓௦♏࠘ࠗ⩝ⲡ࠘ࠗ⥆ྐហᢒ࠘ࠗඖ⚘ᐆỌ⌋ヰ࠘ࠊ ࠾ࡼࡧⅆ⅏ᅗղࡣ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿୗ㬞Ἑྜ♫ࡢ㣕ࡧⅆ㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢἙྜ♫ ࡢ⿕⅏ሗࢆຍ࠼ࡓᅗ6ࢆࠕ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡢཎࠖࡋࡓࠋ ⾲2 ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡢ⾲グἲձ ฟ ฟ ⾲⌧ ࠗẸ༓௦♏࠘ Ἔᑠ㊰ኴ⏫ࡲ࡛ࡸࡅࠊࡑࢀࡼࡾࡍࡖୖ㛗⪅⏫ⅲ↝⾜ࠊෆࡢ࠺ࡕᑎ⏫࠾ࡾฟ ᕝࡼࡾ୕ࡲ࡛ࠋཪ↝ୗࡾᑎ⏫᮲ࡲ࡛ࠋᮾࡣᕝཎࢆࡂࡾࠊᑎ⏫᮲ୗࣝᮾࡀࡣࡼࡾࡢࡇ ࡾࠊすࡀࡣࡼࡾṧࡸࡅࠊ᮲ୗࣝ୕┠すࡀࢃࡤࡾ୍⏫ࡢࡇࢀࡾࠋࡋࡔ࠸ᅄ᮲ୖࣝ⏫ࡲ ࡛ࠊణࡋᅄ᮲㏻ࡣⅆ࠸࡛ࡎࠋ㘊ᑠ㊰ᐊ⏫ࡲ࡛୧ࡀࢃࡸࡅࠊ⻇⸆ᖌ㏻᪂⏫ࡲ࡛ࠊභゅ㏻ࡣすὝ 㝔ࡲ࡛ࠊ୕᮲㏻ࡣἜᑠ㊰ࡲ࡛࡚ࡸࡅࡲࡿ ࠗ⥆ྐហᢒ࠘ ซฟᕝ௨༡ࠊᅄᲄ௨ࠋᇼᕝ௨ᮾࠋ㬞ᕝ௨すࠋϙிᴟϘ⪅⮬ϙᮏ‶ᑎϘ⮳ϙᅄᲄϘப ࠗඖ⚘ᐆỌ⌋ヰ࠘ ᮾࡣἙཎすࡣἜᑠ㊰ࠊ༡ࡣ㘊ᑠ㊰ࡣฟᕝ㎾ࠊᜳ↝ኻ ࠗぶ⏫せ⏝ட㚷㘓࠘ ᮾࡣᑎ⏫ࠊ༡ࡣ㘊ᑠ㊰ࠊࡣୖ㛗⪅⏫ ⾲3 ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡢ⾲グἲղ㸦すὝ㝔㏻ࡢሙྜ㸧 ฟ ⾲⌧ ࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘ ༑⏫ 㸭 ᳷ᮌ⏫ୖࣝ༡ࣚࣜ୧ഃ୕㌺ᐄṧࣝࠋභゅ㏻༡ഃ࣐ࢹ ࠗඛ௦ᚚ౽ぴ࠘ ࡣୗ❧ୗࡿ⏫ᮾഃ㔝ᮧࠊすഃబ⸨ஂර⾨ᒇᩜ↝ࠊ༡ࡣභゅ㏻ୗࡿ⏫ ࠗ᭶ᇽぢ⪺㞟࠘ ࡣୗ❧ୗࡿ⏫ࠊ༡ࡣභゅ㏻㎾ ࠗ⩝ⲡ࠘ ࡣୗ❧ୗࡿ⏫ࠊ༡භゅ㏻ 㸲㸬ⅆ⅏ࡢேࠎࡢືࡁ 㑊㞴ࡢㅖᙧែ ๓❶࡛ࡣࠊⅆᙜ᪥⿕⅏ࡋࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺⠊ᅖࢆᆅᅗୖཎࡍࡿࡇࢆヨࡳࠊᅗ6ࢆᚓࡓࠋᮏ⠇࡛ࡣࡑࡢᅗ 6ୖ᭦ࠊᙜ᪥ࡢⅆࡢᡭక࠺ேࡸ≀ࡢືࡁࢆຍ࠼࡚ᅗ7♧ࡋࠊ㑊㞴⾜ືࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ D ୖⓚ࣭ኳⓚ ⿕⅏ࡢኳⓚࡸබᐙࡢືࡁࡣࠊẚ㍑ⓗྐᩱṧࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ⅏ᐖࡢᑗ㌷ࡢሗࡀὶᕸࡋ࡞࠸9)ࡢࡣᑐ↷ⓗ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐆỌⅆࡣ༡すࡽࡢᙉ㢼ࡀ྿࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊᮾ᪉ྥ⇞࠼ᗈࡀࡗࡓࡇࡣᩥ⊩ྐᩱ㛫୍࡛⮴ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࠊࠗඛ௦ᚚ౽ぴ࠘ࠗ⩝ⲡ࠘ࠗ⥆ྐហᢒ࠘ࡢグ㏙ᇶ࡙ࡃࠊDϨࠕ㝔ࡢᚚᡤࠖⅆࡀ ࠺ࡘࡾࠊࡑࡇࡽࠕ⚗ᐑ୰ᐑࡢᚚᡤࠊዪ㝔ྡྷிᴟࡢᐑࠖࡀࠕ୍ᗘࠖ⇞࠼ୖࡀࡾ3)ߛDϩ᭱ึࠊ㟋ඖୖ ⓚࡸᮾᒣኳⓚࡣி㒔ᡤྖ௦࣭ᯇᖹ⣖ఀᏲಙᗤ㆙ᅛࡉࢀ࡞ࡀࡽୗ㬞♫ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࡀߛDϪࡑࡇୗ㬞Ἑྜ♫ 㣕ࡧⅆࡋ࡚♫ᐙ⏫ࡀ⇞࠼ࡓࡓࡵߛDϫᛴ㑉ࠊୖ㈡ⱱ♫⛣ࡾߛDϬࡑࡢࡢࡕ㢼ྥࡁࡀ㢼ኚࢃࡗࡓࡓࡵⅆ ࡣ༡↝ࡅᡠࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࠋ᭱⤊ⓗ㟋ඖୖⓚࡣጁἲ㝔㛛㊧ࠊᮾᒣኳⓚࡣ㏆⾨㑰⛣ࡗࡓࠋᬑẁࡣእฟ ࡞࠸ࠕୖ⮒㐩ࠖࡶ័ࢀ࡞࠸ࠕṌ⾜࡛ࠖࡑࡢ㑊㞴ࡁᚑࡗࡓ3)ࡼ࠺ࡔࠋ୍⾜ࡣⅆ⅏ࡢୖᏘ⠇ࡢᬮࡉࡶᡭ ఏࡗ࡚ႃࡢῬࡁࢆぬ࠼ࠊ㎶ࡾࡢᐙࡽΎ₩࡞ᱩධࡗࡓ෭Ỉࢆฟࡉࡏࡓࡀࠊࠕୗᵝࡢ⪅ࠖࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲࡍࡃࡗ ࡚㣧ࡵ࡚ࡶࠊࠕୖࠎࠖࡢ⪅ࡣࡑࡢỈࢆ㔩୍࡛ᗘἛࡋ࡚ࡽࡸࡗ㣧ࢇࡔ12)࠸࠺ࠋࠗ⩝ⲡ࡛࠘ࡣ᭦ࡑࡢ ⌮⏤ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᱩࡣΎ₩࡛࠶ࡿゝࡗ࡚ࡶࠕ✧ゐࡿࠖࡶ࠶ࡿࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ⪃࠼ࢆᕠࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ E Ẹ⾗ ࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘ࡣࠊ」ᩘࡢẸ⾗ࡢ㑊㞴ࡀ⤂ࡉࢀࡿࠋ⣬ᖜࡢ㛵ಀࡽྐᩱࡢᘬ⏝ࡣྔࢃ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡇࡽࠊ ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㑊㞴㉳ࡇࡾᚓࡿ≧ἣࢆ௨ୗࡢ8Ⅼ㞟⣙ࡋࡓࠋⅆ⅏Ⓨ⏕┤ᚋ㹼ᘏ↝୰ࡣࠊ㸦ϸ㸧
ࠕ⪁ேࠖ㸦50ṓ࡞ࡿࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡶ⮬ࡽࢆࠕ⪁ேࠖᙧᐜ㸧Ꮚࡶࡢ㑊㞴ࡀ㐜ࢀࡸࡍࡃࠊ⪁ேࡣ㏨ ࡆࡿ࠶ࡓࡗ᮫࡚࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆせࡍࡿࠊ㸦Ϲ㸧ぶ᪘ࠊ⏝ேࡲ࡛ྵࡵࡓࠑ୍ᐙࠒ࡛㏨ࡆࡿࡇࡀᇶᮏ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡀࠊேࠎࡀㅖ᪉ྥΰࡋ࡚㏨ࡆᝨ࠺ࡓࡵᴫࡣࡣࡄࢀࡿࠊ୍ᐙࡢᵓᡂဨࡀྠࡌሙᡤ࡛⿕⅏ࡍࡿࡣ㝈ࡽ ࡎဨࡀⴠࡕྜ࠺ࡇⱞປࡍࡿࠊ㸦Ϻ㸧ⅆࡢᡭࡢ᪉ྥࢆどぬุ࡛᩿ࡋ࡚㑊㞴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊゝ࠼ࡿࠋ≉≀ ရ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㸦ϻ㸧㑊㞴ࡢ᭱ึࡣ㐨ල㢮࣭㛗ᣢࡕ࡞ᆺࡢᐙ㈈㐨ලࢆᣢࡕฟࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡀࠊẁࠎ≧ ἣࡀษ㏕ࡍࡿᦠᖏࡍࡿᣢࡕ≀ࡀᚲせ᭱ᑠ㝈࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠊ㸦ϼ㸧ேࠎࡀ㑊㞴ࡢ㐨୰⨨ࡁཤࡗࡓ㐨ල㢮ࠊ ࠕಥ≀ࠖ➼ࡲ࡛ࡀ㐨ࢆሰ࠸࡛㑊㞴ࡢጉࡆ࡞ࡿࠊ㸦Ͻ㸧ΰࡌࡓ┐㞴ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࠋႚ⥭ࡢែࢆචࢀࡓ ᚋࡣࠊ㸦Ͼ㸧⿕⅏ࢆචࢀࡓᑎ㝔ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃಶேᏯ࡛ࡶࠊỈ࣭Ⲕ࣭㣗≀ࡀ⯙ࢃࢀఇᜥᆅⅬ࡞ࡿࠊ㸦Ͽ㸧 ⅆࡢᡭࡀ࠾ࡉࡲࡿ㡭ࡽࠊࡣࡄࢀࡓᐙேࡢ᥈⣴ࡸ୍ⓗ㌟ࢆᐤࡏࡿሙᡤࢆồࡵ࡚ࠊぶ᪘࣭▱ࡾྜ࠸ࡢᐙࡸ ࡺࡾࡢᑎࢆࡓࡎࡡጞࡵࡿࠋ㝶ᡤ⬮Ⰽࡀࡉࢀࡓࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࡛࠘࠶ࡿࡀࠊୖグࡢෆᐜࡣ⌧ᐇ༑ศ㉳ࡇࡾᚓ ࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺᥎ᐹࡍࡿࠋ ࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࡛࠘ࡣࠊ≉୍ḟሗ࡞ࡿస⪅ࡢືࡁ ࡀࠊᘏ↝⤒⦋ࡸࠕ࠺ࡋࡳࡘࠖࢆ㐣ࡂࡿ㡭ࡽࡢ㝆㞵 ࡢᵝᏊ࡞୪⾜ࡋ࡚⣽ࡃグࡉࢀࡿࠋbϨస⪅ࡣ ࠕᵽཱྀ㓰࡛ࠖⅆ⅏ࢆ⪺ࡁࡘࡅߛbϩ⮬Ꮿ㥑ࡅࡘ ࡅࡓᚋߛbϪṇぶ⏫㏻ᅵᚚ㛛㏻࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ᇼᕝࢆ㉸ ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ㞴ࢆ㏨ࢀࡓࠋࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘ࡢస⪅㝈ࡽ ࡎࠊ㐲ࡃࡣⱝ⊃ᑠࡽࡢᖐࡾ㐨࡞ࠊฟඛࡽ ⅆࢆ▱ࡾ㉮ࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ㏉ࡋࡓ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࠋிࡣ ࠕ᪑⾜ࠖ⪅ࡶᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᵝࠎ࡞⫼ᬒ ࢆᣢࡘேࠎࡀࠊⅆᙜ᪥⿕⅏⠊ᅖෆ࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢ ୰࡛ࠊࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘ࡣࠕேࡢᦆࡌࠖࡀࢃࡎ2㹼30ேࢆ ㉸࠼࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢆᖾ࠸ࡋࠊ␚ࢆୖࡆࠊⶶࢆ㛢ࡌࠊ ⮬Ꮿࢆ᪩ࠎᚋࡋ࡚㑊㞴ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊ㙠ⅆ┤ᚋࡣࠊ ᣢࡕฟࡉࢀࡓ㐨ල㢮௨እࠊእࡉࢀࡓᡞ࣭㞀Ꮚ࣭᱁ Ꮚࡀᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᵝᏊࢆఏ࠼ࡿࠋఫᒃࡀᛂኚศゎ ࡋࡸࡍࡃࠊ᭱ప㝈ࡢᑐ⟇ࢆࡗ࡚ᐙᒇぢษࡾࢆࡘ ࡅࡓࠊᙜࡢࡑࡢᅛᐃࡋࡓࡶࡢࡇࡔࢃࡽ࡞࠸ጼໃ ࡀࠊᐆỌⅆࡢ≛≅⪅ࡢᑡ࡞ࡉࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡋࡓࡢ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ F ീ ᅗ7 ࠾ࡼࡑࡢᘏ↝⤒⦋ୖⓚ࣭Ẹ⾗࣭ീࡢ㑊㞴᥎⛣ ⌧௦࡛ࡣᩥ㈈┦ᙜࡍࡿീࡀⅆ⅏ࡢ᭱୰㐠ࡤࢀࡿᵝᏊࡶࠊࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘ࡣ᭩ࢀࡿࠋFϨㄋ㢪ᑎࡢዴ ᮶ࡣൔࡓࡕࡼࡗ࡚ࠕ㌴ࠖࡏ࡚㏻㐠ࡧฟࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࠕ୍ᘬࡁ࡞ࡾࡶ⤖⦕࠶ࢀࠖࡢൔࡓࡕࡢࡧ ࡅࡶࡴ࡞ࡋࡃ㦁ືࡢ࡞せㄳࢆ⪺ࡃ⪅ࡣ࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢁࠊࠕࡓࡍࡅ⤥༡↓⾗⏕ࠖࠕṦ࡞ࠖዴ᮶ࡢࡘ ࡪࡸࡁࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡓࡵࠊⓙࡀឤ㖭ࢆཷࡅࠊᾦࢆὶࡋ࡚ዴ᮶ࢆᅉᖭᇽࡲ࡛ᘬࡗᙇࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ D ࠊE ࠊF ࡛⤂ࡋࡓ㑊㞴ࡢ᪉ྥࢆᅗ7࡛☜ㄆࡍࡿࠊࠊすࠊ༡ࠊ᪉ྥࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶぢ ⿕⅏⠊ᅖእ㏨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡣࠊⅆ⅏᥋ࡋࡓேࠎࡗ࡚ࡣࣜࣜࢸࢆకࡗ࡚ ቃ⏺ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋⅆ⅏ᅗձ㹼ճࡣࠊ⿕⅏ࡋࡓ㝈⏺ᆅⅬࢆ⥺ᥥࡋ࡚⿕⅏⠊ᅖࢆ♧ࡍ୍᪉࡛ࠊࡑ ࡢ⥺ࡢ⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࡇࡀ⿕⅏ࢆචࢀࡓࡲ࡛ࡣ⾲ࡉ࡞࠸ࠋࡺ࠼ࠊస⪅ࡀఏ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡋࠊఏ㐩ྍ⬟࡛ࠊࡘᮃ ࡲࢀࡓሗࡣࠊ➨୍ⅆࡀཬࢇࡔ㝈⏺ᇦ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋྐᩱୖぢ࠼ࡿሗࡣࠊ 㑅ᢥࢆ⤒࡚ṧࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊྐᩱࡢసᡂ┠ⓗࡣࠊሗࡢⓎಙ⪅ཷᐜ⪅ࡢ᪉ࡽ⪃࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᩥ ⊩ྐᩱ࡛ࡣࠊࡈࡃ▷࠸ࠕཱྀୖࠖࡲ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿᚲ㡲㡯ࡣ↝ኻᐙᩘ↝ኻᑎ㝔ᩘ࡛ࠊ㏫ࠕ㔩ᅵࠖᩘࢆグࡍ ࡇࡣ⛥࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๓㏙ࡢࡼ࠺ᑎ㝔ࡣⅆ⅏ࡢ㝿ࡲࡎ┠ᣦࡉࢀࡿ㑊㞴ሙᡤࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⿕⅏ᑎ㝔ᩘゝཬ ࡍࡿሙྜࡣಶูίᅵ┿᐀ࡢ㐨ሙᩘࡀ᭩ࢀࡿࡇࡽࠊ⅏ᐖࡢ᷄㑣ᑎࡢ㔜せᛶࡶႏ㉳ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ᾘⅆάື ிࡣࠊࠕྡⅆᾘࠖࠕᑎ♫ⅆᾘࠖࠕ⏫ⅆᾘࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺యࢆ␗ࡍࡿⅆᾘࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ 㽢 ⅆඖ ᘏ↝⤒⦋ 㟋ඖ㝔࣭ୖࡢ 㑊㞴᥎⛣ ࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘స⪅ࡢ 㑊㞴᥎⛣ ㄋ㢪ᑎዴ᮶ࡢ 㑊㞴᥎⛣ cϨ aϪ aϬ aϫ bϨ bϩ bϪ aϨ aϩ
18ୡ⣖ึ㢌௨๓ࡢᵝ┦ࡀศ࡛᫂࠶ࡿᑎ♫ⅆᾘࢆ㝖࠸ࡓࠊྡⅆᾘ⏫ⅆᾘࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ๓タィࡉࢀࡓไ ᗘࠊࡑࡢᐇ㝿ࡢⅆ⅏࠾ࡅࡿᶵ⬟ࡢ≧ែࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘ࡣࠊ㏆ᅜࡽࡢྡⅆᾘࡢ୰࡛ࡶᾷ⸬ࡢࠕ▼ᕝẊ㢌ࠖࠊ㒆ᒣ⸬ࡢࠕᮏከ⬟ⓏᏲࠖࢆࠕ㨣⚄ࠖ ࡢാࡁホࡋࡓࠋࠗඛ௦ᚚ౽ぴ࠘ࡶ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕࡸࡘࡋㅴࠖࡀࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ㏆ᅜࡢྡⅆᾘࡢ୍ᅋࡀᅄ ᪉ࡢᒇ᰿ୖࡀࡗ࡚㨓ࡢኌࡸ㤿↮ࡢ㡢ࡀ㢼ࡗ࡚㡪ࡃ୰ࠊࠕ㒆ᒣࡢࡓ࠸ࡌࡹ࡞ࡋࠖྡࡿࡶࠕṈᡤ ࡢࡅࡋࡃࡕࢃࢀ࡞ࡾࠖࡲ࡛ࡣྡࡾࡁࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞≧ែ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ300ேࠕỈ⡲ࠖࢆᣢࡓࡏࠊⅲ㏻ࢆ ༡ୗࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᑡࡋࡶࡦࡿࡲࡎࠊ㓄ୗࡢࠕࡧࠖࡓࡕࠕࡅࡩࡾ࠺ࡍࡩࡃࡇࢁࢆࡸࡡ࠶ࡾࡋࡿࡋࠊࡼࡣ ࡁࡶࡢࢆࡣࡋࡓ࡚ࡓ࡚ࠊࡘࡼࡁࡦࡢࡇࢆࡩࡏࡏࠊࡼࢁࡩࡶࡢࡣࡦࡘࡕࡘࡏࠊࡓࡦࡕࡽ ࢆ࠶ࡣࡍࡋࠖࡌ࡚ⅆࡢᡭࢆ㜵࠸ࡔࠊ࠸࠺ෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡸࡘࡋㅴࡶಟ㎡ࢆඃඛࡉࡏ3)ࠊᐇࡔࡅࢆఏ࠼ ࡚࠸ࡿࡣゝ࠸ษࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊཧ⪃ࡲ࡛⤂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋᐆỌ୕ᖺ㸦1706㸧ࡢࠕி㒔ⅆᾘࠖᗫṆࠊ⥆ࡃࠕி 㒔ⅆᾘᒇᩜࠖࡢ◚༷ࡀⅆᚋ┬ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࡁࡉࡘࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡀ㙠ⅆᚋ⿕⅏ᆅࢆᅇ ぴࡋࡓࡁࡘ࠸㛵ᮾケ࡛ࠕ⏝ᚰ⏝ᚰࠖ⪺ࡇ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡶ࠶ࡾࠊṊᐙࡼࡿ༶ࡢᑐᛂࡣ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋᒣ㸦2005㸧26)ࡀᣦࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᖖ㥔ࡢⅆᾘไᗘࡣ⤒῭ⓗ㈇ᢸࡀࡁࡃࠊࠕⅆᾘᒇᩜࡢ⏕ά㡢 ࡸኪู࡞࠸ฟືࠖࡀ㏆㞄ࡢ㏞ᝨ࡛࠶ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ⅏ᐖᑐࡍࡿ᪥ࠎࡢ㜵ഛయไࡣၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ⏫ேࡀᢸ࠸ᡭ࡞ࡿᾘ㜵యไࡘ࠸࡚ᐆỌⅆⅬᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓෆᐜࡣࠊ᪤ ◊✲18, 27-28)࡛ⅆ┤๓ ࡢ⏫ゐࢆࡶ᫂ࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ヲ㏙ࡋ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ࠼ࡤࠊⅆࡢ๓ᖺࠊᐆỌᅄᖺ᭶༑᪥ࡢ⏫ゐ ࡛ࡣࠊⅆࡢ㝿ࡣⅆඖࡽࡢ㊥㞳㛵ಀ࡞ࡃࠕᖺ⾜⏫⏝ேࠖࡣ∼ᒇᩜ㥑ࡅࡘࡅࡿࡇࠊྠ᭶༑᪥ ࡢゐ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢᗘࡢࠕぶ⋤ᵝ᪂ᚚẊᚚ㐀Ⴀࠖࡢ㛫ࠊ༡㝈ࡣࠕᢲᑠ㊰㏻ࠖࠊすࡣࠕᇼᕝ㏻ࡼࡾᮾࠖࡢ୰ ฟⅆࡀ࠶ࡗࡓሙྜࠊࠕሜ⏫᳷ᮌ⏫ୖࣝᚚ㛛அእࠖࡶࠕ⏫ኵࠖࢆワࡵࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀᣦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ29)ࠋࡇࡢ ゐࡢ༙ᖺࡢࡕ㉳ࡇࡗࡓᐆỌⅆ࡛ࠊ∼ᒇᩜࡣ⿕⅏⠊ᅖෆධࡾࠊࡲࡉࠊᢲᑠ㊰㏻௨ࠊᇼᕝ㏻௨ᮾ ⅆࡀᗈࡀࡗࡓࠋ⏫ேࡓࡕࡀ⌧ᐇᣦ♧ࡉࢀࡓሙᡤฟືࡋࡓࡲ࡛ࡣࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘ࡣࠊࠕ ࡣࡋࡈࠖࠕ㗟ࠖࠕ㘵ࠖࠕᡭᱩࠖࠕᮌᒚࠖ࡞ᚲせ࡞≀ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ᠱᾘⅆసᴗࢆࡘࡵࡓ⪅ࡓࡕࡀ⑂ࢀࡓᵝ Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࢆఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐆỌᅄᖺࡢᅄ᭶ฟࡉࢀࡓ᮲┠ࢃࡓࡿࠊⅆ⅏ࡢᑐᛂ㛵ࡍࡿゐࡢ୰࡛ ࡣࠊⅆࡌ࡚ࠕㅖ㐨ල➼ࠖࢆ┐ࡴࠕ࠺ࢁࢇᡂ⪅ࠖࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࠕ୰እࠖࡢ⏫㐩ࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ30)ࠋ 18ୡ⣖ึࡵࡣࠊᮍࡔி࡛ࡣࠕᢞⅆࠖࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࠊࠕᨻ࣭♫ࡢ‶ࢆ࠸ࡔࠖࡁࠕ⏕ά࠾࠸࡚ࡣᜨࡲࢀ ࡠࠖࠕయไෆྵࡳࡇࢇ࡛⤫ไ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖࠊࠕ⬌࡞ࡿ⪅ࠖࡀၥ㢟どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ31)ࠋⅆ⅏ࡢཎᅉࡣࠊᙉ㢼 ࡸ⇱࠸ࡗࡓ⮬↛⎔ቃ᮲௳ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃேⅭⓗせᅉࡶ࠸㛵ಀࡋࠊࠑே⅏ࠒࡶゝ࠺ࡁែࡣⅆ⅏Ⓨ⏕ ᚋࡶ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࠋⅆ⅏ࡢὀពࢆಁࡍゐࡀⅆ⅏ࡢ㉳ࡇࡾࡸࡍ࠸⮬↛⎔ቃ᮲௳࡞ࡿᏘ⠇㞟୰ࡍࡿࡢྠࠊ ே㛫ࡢ⾜ື➃ࢆⓎࡍࡿ⿕ᐖࢆ㜵ࡄࡇࡶ┠㓄ࡾࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀࠊ⏫ゐࡽࡣぢ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸳㸬࠾ࢃࡾ ௨ୖࠊᅗᩥ⊩ࠊᛶ᱁ࡢ␗࡞ࡿྐᩱࢆྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾከࡃ⏝࠸࡚ࠊⅆᙜ᪥⿕⅏ࡋࡓ⠊ᅖࠊࡑࡢ⠊ᅖෆ࡛ ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㑊㞴ࡸᾘⅆάືࡢᐇែ㏕ࡿࡇ࡛ࠊேࠎࡢⅆ⅏ࡢᑐฎࡢᵝ┦ࢆ㏙࡚ࡁࡓࠋㄢ㢟ࡋ ࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊⅆ⅏ᅗࡸᩥ⊩⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡓሗࡀ࠸ࡘࠊࡢࡼ࠺⋓ᚓࡉࢀࡓ࠸࠺ఏ㐩㐣⛬ࢆ᭦⪃࠼ࡿ ࡁࡔࢁ࠺ࠋⅆ⅏ᅗձղࡢ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࠊࡲࡓࠗ⩝ⲡ࠘ࠗඖ⚘ᐆỌ⌋ヰ࠘ࡢ⿕⅏㛵ࡍࡿᩘ್ࡀ୍⮴ࡍࡿࡇ ࡣࠊࢆ⤒࡚ὶᕸࡋࡓሗ⣔⤫ࡀ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㑊㞴㛵ࡍࡿືྥࡢⓎ⏕้࣭ᆅ Ⅼࡢ≉ᐃࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡀࠊᘏ↝⤒⦋ࠊఇᜥᆅⅬࠊỈࡢ⨨ࡁሙᡤࠊᾘⅆάືࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓᆅⅬࢆຍࡋ࡚ྠⓎ⏕ࡋ ࡓ」ᩘࡢ㑊㞴⤒㊰ࢆཎࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲࡽࠊ࡞ࡐேⓗ⿕ᐖࡀᑡ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࠊ࡞ࡐ⿕ᐖࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡢࠊ ࠸ࡗࡓほⅬ࡛ၥ࠸ࢆ❧࡚ࡿࡇࡀࠊ㜵⅏࣭ῶ⅏ࡢᡭࡀࡾ࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊ1 ࡘࡢⅆ⅏ࡢ⤊ጞࡋࡓⅬ࠾࠸࡚ࠊෑ㢌࡛㏙ࡓၥ㢟ࢆඞ᭹ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࠕிࠖ࠸࠺ ᆅᇦࡢ≉Ṧᛶࡶྰࡵ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊ⅏ᐖࡢศᯒ㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣࡸࡣࡾ⅏ᐖࡢಶูᛶࡣࡇࡔࢃࡿࡁࡔ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡓ࠼⌧௦㉳ࡁࡓ⅏ᐖ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊḟ㉳ࡇࡿ⅏ᐖྠࡌᑐ⟇ࡀ㏻⏝ࡍࡿヂ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࿘ᮇᛶ ࡢணࢆ㉸࠼ࡿែࡀ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ಖ㞀ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋⓎ⏕ᮇࠊ⅏ᐖࡢ✀㢮࠸ࡗࡓෆᐜࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡶ࠺ᑡࡋே ࡢ⌧ᐇ༶ࡋࡓሗࢆࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡋ࡚✚ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᭱ᚋࠊࠗ㡢↓ᕝ࠘ࡽࡢࠊⅆᅖࡲࢀ❓ᆅ❧ࡗࡓ⪅ࡢࡧࡅ࡛ᮏㄽࢆ⥾ࡵࡃࡃࡾࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠕ࡞ࡽࡎ✵ࢆぢࠊ㊧ ᢝ ┭࡞ࡳࡾࠊᚰ Ẋ࠾ࡃࢀ࡞ࠋ㊊ࡕࡽࢆධ࠸ࢀࡼࠋά࠸ࡃࡶṚࡍࡿࡶࠊ༑㊊ ࠶ ࡋࡇࡑ࡞ࢀࠖ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 1) 㙊⏣㐨㝯㸸㏆ୡ㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷ㛤Ⓨ̿ᐆỌ5ᖺி㒔ⅆᚋࡢ᪂ᆅᙧᡂࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚̿㸪ዉⰋྐᏛ㸪14㸪1996.㸦ྠ㸸㏆ ୡி㒔ࡢ㒔ᕷẸ⾗㸪ᛮᩥ㛶ฟ∧㸪2000㸬㘓㸧 2) Ⓩ㇂ఙᏹ㸸බᐙ⏫ࡢ⦅㐣⛬㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏ⓗ⪃ᐹ̿ᐆỌࡢⅆබᐙ⏫⦅㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ ࡑࡢ1̿㸪᪥ᮏᘓ⠏Ꮫ ィ⏬⣔ㄽᩥ㞟㸪➨600ྕ㸪pp.245-252㸪2006. 3) ᆏෆὈᏊ㸸ࠗඛ௦ᚚ౽ぴ࠘ᡤᡙᩥࡘ࠸࡚㸦㸧̿ᐆỌⅆࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚̿㸪⚄ዉᕝ┴❧እㄒ▷ᮇᏛ⣖せ㸪⥲ྜ⠍ 28㸪pp.1-16㸪2005. 4) ி㒔ᕷ㸸ఏ⤫ࡢᐃ╔㸪ி㒔ࡢṔྐ6㸪Ꮫ⸤᭩ᯘ㸪pp.60-61㸪1973㸬 5) ி㒔ᕷ㸸ᕷ⾤࣭⏕ᴗ ྐᩱி㒔ࡢṔྐ㸪➨4ᕳ㸪ᖹซ♫㸪pp.29-30㸪1981㸬 6) ᳃㇂ᑖஂ ⦅㸸ᅗㄝி㒔ᗓࡢṔྐ㸪Ἑฟ᭩ᡣ᪂♫㸪p.191㸪1994㸬 7) ௰ᑿᏹ㸸⏫ࡢ↝ஸ̿ᐆỌⅆ࣭ኳ᫂ⅆ࣭ෆ࣭ྂඖⅆ̿㸪ி㒔㐀ᙧⱁ⾡Ꮫ⦅㸸ி㒔Ꮫࡢᣍᚅ㸪ゅᕝ᭩ᗑ㸪 pp.148-149㸪2002㸬 8) ఀᮾ᐀⿱㸸ி㒔ࡢⅆ⅏ᅗ ி㒔ᕷṔྐ㈨ᩱ㤋ⶶሯࢥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥࡘ࠸࡚㸪ி㒔Ṕྐ⅏ᐖ◊✲㸪➨9ྕ㸪pp.13-20㸪2008. 9) ཎ⣒Ꮚ㸸⅏ᐖሗㄽ㸪ሮ᭩ᡣ㸪2003㸬 10) ᪂ி㒔ྀ᭩ห⾜ ⦅㸸᪂ி㒔ྀ᭩㸪➨༑ᕳ㸪⮫ᕝ᭩ᗑ㸪1985㸬 11) ᳃㖧୕࣭ᕝ༤㑥 ┘ಟ㸸⥆᪥ᮏ㝶➹ᡂ ูᕳ㸪㏆ୡ㢼ぢ⪺㞟2㸪ྜྷᕝᘯᩥ㤋㸪1981㸬 12) ᪥ᮏ㝶➹ᡂ⦅㍴㒊 ⦅㸸᪥ᮏ㝶➹ᡂ㸪㸺➨୕ᮇ㸼19㸪ྜྷᕝᘯᩥ㤋㸪1978㸬 13) 㯮ᯈ⨾⦅㸸⧰ྐហᢒ ᚋ⠍㸪᪂ゞቑ⿵ᅜྐ⣔ ➨༑ᕳ ᪂∧㸪ྜྷᕝᘯᩥ㤋㸪2000㸬 14) ᳃㖧୕࣭ᕝ༤㑥 ┘ಟ㸸⥆᪥ᮏ㝶➹ᡂ ูᕳ㸪㏆ୡ㢼ぢ⪺㞟5㸪ྜྷᕝᘯᩥ㤋㸪1982㸬 15) ᳃ර⾨࣭ཎ⏣కᙪ࣭㟷ᮌ ⦅㸸᪥ᮏᗢẸ⏕άྐᩱ㞟ᡂ㸪➨භᕳ, ୕୍᭩ᡣ㸪1968㸬 16) ி㒔ᕷ㸸㏆ୡࡢᒎ㛤㸪ி㒔ࡢṔྐ5㸪Ꮫ⸤᭩ᯘ㸪1972㸬 17) ཎ⣒Ꮚ㸸⅏ᐖ⤮ᅗ◊✲ヨㄽ̿18ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡽ19ୡ⣖ࡢ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ⅏ᐖࢆ୰ᚰ̿㸪ᅜ❧ṔྐẸ༤≀㤋◊ ✲ሗ࿌㸪➨81㞟㸪pp.57-100㸪1999.㸦ྠ๓ᥖ9㸧㘓㸧 18) ᵽ∎ಟ㸸Ụᡞ௦ࡢி㒔⏫ⅆᾘ㸪ி㒔ᕷṔྐ㈨ᩱ㤋⣖せ㸪➨10ྕ㸪pp.439-457㸪1992. 19) ᒾ⏕ᡂ୍ ┘ಟ㸸ி㒔ᚚᙺᡤྥᴫぬ᭩㸪ୖᕳ, Ύᩥᇽฟ∧㸪p.244㸪1973㸬 20) ඖ⚘༑ᅄᖺᐿ ⤮ᅗ㸪ሯ㝯⦅㸸㛗ி㒔ᆅᅗ㞟ᡂ㸪᯽᭩ᡣ, 1994㸬 21) ᪂ᯈቑ⿵ி⤮ᅗ㸪ሯ㝯⦅㸸㛗ி㒔ᆅᅗ㞟ᡂ㸪᯽᭩ᡣ, 1994㸬 22) ᑠ㔝⚽㞝㸸ࢃࡽ∧≀ㄒ̿Ụᡞ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ࡢṔྐ̿, 㞝ᒣ㛶ฟ∧㸪1988㸬 23) ᮌୗ┤அ࣭ྜྷぢಇဢ⦅㸸ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢㄌ⏕ ࢃࡽ∧᪂⪺㘊⤮ࡢሗୡ⏺㸪ᮾிᏛ⥲ྜ◊✲༤≀㤋㸪1999㸬 24) ி⩚㔜 ᕳஅ୕㸪ᶲᒇΎᏳ㸪1705㸬㸦᪩✄⏣Ꮫ ⶶ㸧 25) ሯᮏ❶ᏹ࣭୰ᮧ⌶ᕭ㸸Ṕྐⓗᘓ㐀≀ࡢ⿕⅏ᒚṔⅆ⅏ᅗࢆ⤫ྜࡋࡓࠕኳ᫂ࡢி㒔ⅆࠖ⿕⅏⠊ᅖࡢཎ㸪Ṕྐ㒔ᕷ 㜵⅏ㄽᩥ㞟㸪Vol. 5㸪pp.95-102㸪2011. 26) ᒣಇ᫂㸸ி㒔ⅆᾘி㒔ᖖⅆᾘ̿Ụᡞ௦ࡢி㒔ࡢᾘ㜵ࡢ◊✲㸦ࡑࡢ4㸧̿㸪᪥ᮏᘓ⠏Ꮫィ⏬⣔ㄽᩥ㞟㸪➨594 ྕ㸪pp.177-182㸪2005. 27) ᒣಇ᫂㸸⏫ⅆᾘࡘ࠸࡚̿Ụᡞ௦ࡢி㒔ࡢᾘ㜵ࡢ◊✲㸦ࡑࡢ2㸧̿㸪᪥ᮏᘓ⠏Ꮫィ⏬⣔ㄽᩥ㞟㸪➨579ྕ㸪 pp.119-125㸪2004. 28) ⸨ᮏோᩥ㸸ඖ⚘̿ாಖᮇ୕㒔࠾ࡅࡿᾘ㜵ไᗘタ❧, ࣄࢫࢺࣜ㸪➨209ྕ㸪pp.30-57㸪2008. 29) ி㒔⏫ゐ◊✲㸸ி㒔⏫ゐ㞟ᡂ㸪➨୍ᕳ, ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ, p.146㸪1983㸬 30) ி㒔⏫ゐ◊✲㸸ி㒔⏫ゐ㞟ᡂ㸪➨୍ᕳ, ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ, p.143㸪1983㸬 31) ி㒔ᕷ㸸ఏ⤫ࡢᐃ╔㸪ி㒔ࡢṔྐ6㸪Ꮫ⸤᭩ᯘ㸪pp.65-66㸪1973㸬
