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书 书 书

52

 

2017

       

西

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY        Vol. 52  No. 3 Jun. 2017

稿

20150622

:国

51368032

51568036

);甘

1606RJYA231

:董

1979

),男

,工

,博

,研

Email

Dongchangjun. 1979@ 163. com

:董

,刘

,李

线

西

2017

52

):

474481. DONG Changjun

LIU Shizhong

LI Aijun. Element stiffness matrix analysis for variable curvature curved beam

. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University

2017

52

):

474481.    

02582724

2017

03047408  DOI

10. 3969 / j. issn. 02582724. 2017. 03. 006

变曲率曲线梁的单元刚度矩阵分析

 

 

(兰

,甘

肃兰

730070

 

:针

,不

便

,在

,假

线

,根

,推

线

退

;再

线

;最

线

线

,利

MATLAB

ANSYS

,结

:竖

5%

,两

,验

线

;矩

,且

,说

:单

;变

线

;有

;单

O39   

Element Stiffness Matrix Analysis for

Variable Curvature Curved Beam

DONG Changjun

  LIU Shizhong

  LI Aijun

School of Civil Engineering

Lanzhou Jiaotong University

Lanzhou 730070

China

Abstract

Most element stiffness matrixes are implicit functions

and hence are inconvenient to apply directly. To overcome this deficiency

assuming that the shear center of a variablecurvature curved beam coincides with its centroid

an explicit analytical solution formula for flexibility matrix of a kind of variablecurvature curved beam element with cantilever end condition is derived in polar coordinates by Castiglianos displacement theorem. First

the flexibility matrix is degraded to classical forms. Then

the stiffness matrix of the variablecurvature curved beam element with cantilever end condition is obtained by inversion of the flexibility matrix. Finally

according to conditions of static balance and arbitrariness of node displacement

the element stiffness matrix is obtained. In addition

taking a curved girder with two clamped ends as an example

comparisons are conducted between the calculation results by MATLAB program and those by ANSYS. The results show that the values of vertical displacement and torsion angle generated by MATLAB deviate from those by ANSYS within 5%

the small error between them verifying the effectiveness of the stiffness matrix in calculations of variablecurvature curved beam. Whats more

elements in the matrix can be expressed as explicit functions of parameters and all the parameters can be directly referenced

which also proves the correctness of the element stiffness matrix. Key words

element stiffness matrix

variable curvature curved beam

finite element

element flexibility matrix

(2)

,等

:变

线

   

线

、地

,因

广

、地

,不

,它

线

,同

线

线

线

线

线

、或

20

80

,学

线

,取

15

鸿

,应

,避

,求

. Wang

线

、悬

线

、椭

,但

,而

,曲

对称结构

,其刚度矩阵应用范围有

技术与薄壁曲线梁理论相结

,建

,其

线

,利

,其

,在

,推

线

,当

线

,曲

线

,影

:假

线

,即

1 

   

,有

线

,在

,梁

线

ρ = ρ

α

线

,按

)所

ξηζ

,图

ξ

沿

线

线

η

沿

线方向

ζ

轴垂直于曲

轴线所在的平面

为曲梁单元的两端

,点

ξ

η

ζ

)为

线

θ0

线

θ.

几何关系

θ

等于

点与

点曲线切线的夹

. M

L2

,到

线

L1

L4

,到

线

L3.

θ1

α

β.     θ   θ θ θ β α    

)平

)三

1 

Fig. 1  Variablecurvature curved beam element and its coordinates system

,在

,定

沿

ξ

uiξ

,沿

ξ

Niξ

;沿

η

iη

,沿

η

Qiη

;沿

ζ

wiζ

,沿

ζ

Qiζ

;绕

ξ

θiζ

,绕

ξ

Miξ

;绕

η

θiη

,绕

η

Miη

;绕

ζ

θiζ

,绕

ζ

Miζ.

. 5 7 4

(3)

西

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

52

,极

线

线

γ

,有

)关

. γ = arctan ρ

α

ρ′

α

β = α - θ1 = θ + arctan ρ

α

ρ′

α

- arctan ρ

θ1

ρ′

θ1

线

线

k =ρ′sin α + ρcos α ρ′cos α - ρsin α .

线

L1 = ± L′1 = ±

(

- ρ

α

ρ′

θ1

ρ

θ1

sin

α - θ1

1 +ρ′ 2

θ1

ρ2

θ1

+   ρ

α

cos

α - θ1

- ρ

θ1

1 +ρ′ 2

θ1

ρ2

θ1

)

线

)取

”号

,异

”号

L2 = ± L′2 = ±

(

ρ

α

ρ

θ1

ρ′

θ1

sin

α - θ1

1 + ρ 2

θ1

ρ′2

θ1

+   ρ

α

cos

α - θ1

- ρ

θ1

1 + ρ 2

θ1

ρ′2

θ1

)

L3 = ± L′3 = ±

(

ρ

θ1

ρ′

α

ρ

α

sin

α - θ1

1 +ρ′ 2

θ1

ρ2

θ1

+   ρ

θ1

cos

α - θ1

- ρ

α

1 +ρ′ 2

α

ρ2

α

)

L4 = ± L′4 = ±

(

- ρ

θ1

ρ

α

ρ′

α

sin

α - θ1

1 + ρ 2

θ1

ρ′2

θ1

+   ρ

θ1

cos

α - θ1

- ρ

α

1 + ρ 2

α

ρ′2

α

)

ρ′

θ1

> 0

,当

线

,式

)取

”号

,异

”号

;若

ρ′

θ1

= 0

,当

sin

α - θ1

≥0

,式(

)取“

”号

,当

sin

α - θ1

< 0

,取

”号

;若

ρ′

θ1

< 0

,当

半径所在直线的同侧时

,式(

)取“

,异

,取

”号

线

)取

”号

,异

”号

ρ′

α

> 0

,当

线

,式

)取

”号

,异

”号

;若

ρ′

α

= 0

,当

sin

α - θ1

≥0

,式(

)取“

”号

,当

sin

α - θ1

< 0

,取

”号

;若

ρ′

α

< 0

,当

线

,式

)取

”号

,取

”号

,在

,曲

,其

沿

ξ

Nξ

,绕

ξ

Mξ

;沿

η

Qη

,绕

η

Mη

;沿

ζ

Qζ

,绕

ζ

Mζ.

2 

Fig. 2  Relation diagram between internal forces and nodal forces

,根

,曲

ξ

η

ζ

)的

Nξ= - Njξcos θ - Qjηsin θ

Qη= Njξsin θ - Qjηcos θ

Qζ= - Qjζ

}

6 7 4

(4)

,等

:变

线

Mξ= ± QjζL3 - Mjξcos θ - Mjηsin θ

Mη= ± QjζL4 + Mjξsin θ - Mjηcos θ

Mζ= ± NjξL1 ± QjηL2 - Mjζ.

}

10

线

10

)中

”号

,异

”号

10

)中

,若

ρ′

α

> 0

,当

线

,取

”号

,异

”号

;若

ρ′

α

<0

,当

在点

处的曲率半径所在直线的同侧时取

”号

,异

”号

线

,式

10

)中

”号

,异

”号

10

,若

ρ′

θ1

> 0

,当

线

,取

”号

,异

”号

;若

ρ′

θ1

< 0

线

,取

”号

,当

线

,取

”号

)正

,式

10

)可

Mξ= - QjζL′3 - Mjξcos θ - Mjηsin θ

Mη= - QjζL′4 + Mjξsin θ - Mjηcos θ

Mζ= - NjξL′1 - QjηL′2 - Mjζ.

}

11

)和

11

)写

Me

= HF

12

M = N[ ξ  Qη  Qζ  Mξ  Mη  Mζ] T

; (

13

H = -cos θ -sin θ 0 0 0 0 sin θ -cos θ 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 -L′3 -cos θ -sin θ 0 0 0 -L′4 sin θ -cos θ 0 - L′1 - L′2                   0 0 0 - 1

14

j = N[ jξ  Qjη  Qjζ  Mjξ  Mjη  Mjζ] T .

15

Π = 1 2

- Njξcos θ - Qjηsin θ

2 EAξ ds +   1 2

jξsin θ - Qjηcos θ

2 GAη ds +1 2

s Q2 jζ GAζ ds +   1 2

- QjξL′3 - Mjξcos θ - Mjηsin θ

2 GIξ ds +   1 2

- QjξL′4 + Mjξsin θ - Mjηcos θ

2 EIη ds +   1 2

- NjξL′1 - QjηL′2 - Mjζ

2 EIζ ds

, (

16

Iξ

Iη

Iζ

η

ζ

Aξ

Aη

Aζ

η

ζ

,经

ujξ =

s Njξcos 2 θ EAξ ds +

s Qjηsin θcos θ EAξ ds +

s NjξL′ 2 1 EIζ ds +

s QjηL′1L′2 EIζ ds +

s MjζL′1 EIζ ds +  

s Njξsin 2 θ GAη ds -

s Qjηsin θcos θ GAη ds

17

vjη =

s Njξsin θcos θ EAξ ds +

s Qjηsin 2 θ EAξ ds +

s NjξL′1L′2 EIζ ds +

s QjηL′ 2 2 EIζ ds +

s MjζL′2 EIζ ds -  

s Njξsin θcos θ GAη ds +

s Qjηcos 2 θ GAη ds

18

wjζ =

s QjξL′ 2 3 GIξ ds +

s MjξL′3cos θ GIξ ds +

s MjηL′3sin θ GIξ ds +

s QjξL′ 2 4 EIη ds -

s MjξL′4sin θ EIη ds +  

s MjηL′4cos θ EIη ds +

s Qjζ GAζ ds

19

θjξ =

s QjξL′3cos θ GIξ ds +

s Mjξcos 2 θ GIξ ds +

s Mjηsin θcos θ GIξ ds -

s QjξL′4sin θ EIη ds +  

s Mjξsin 2 θ EIη ds -

s Mjηsin θcos θ EIη ds

20

θjη =

s QjξL′3sin θ GIξ ds +

s Mjξsin θcos θ GIξ ds +

s Mjηsin 2 θ GIξ ds +

s QjξL′4cos θ EIη ds - 7 7 4

(5)

西

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

52

 

s Mjξsin θcos θ EIη ds +

s Mjηcos 2 θ EIη ds

21

    θjζ =

s NjξL′1 EIζ ds +

s QjηL′2 EIζ ds +

s Mjζ EIζ ds.

22

δ

je

,则

δ

je

= fF

23

δ

je

ujξ  vjη  wjζ  θjξ  θjη  θjζ

; (

24

f = A11 0 A13 0 A22 0 A31 0 A         33

25

    A11 =

s cos2 θ EAξ ds +

s L′2 1 EIζ ds +

s sin2 θ GAη ds

s sin θcos θ EAξ ds +

s L′1L′2 EIζ ds -

s sin θcos θ GAη ds

s sin θcos θ EAξ ds +

s L′1L′2 EIζ ds -

s sin θcos θ GAη ds

s sin2 θ EAξ ds +

s L′2 2 EIζ ds +

s cos2 θ GAη d           s

    A13 =

s L′1 EIζ ds

s L′1 EIζ d           s

    A22 =  

s L′23 GIξ ds +

s L′24 EIη ds +

s ds GAζ

s L′3cos θ GIξ ds -

s L′4sin θ EIη ds

s L′3sin θ GIξ ds +

s L′4cos θ EIη ds

s L′3cos θ GIξ ds -

s L′4sin θ EIη ds

s cos2 θ GIξ ds +

s sin2 θ EIη ds

s sin θcos θ GIξ ds -

s sin θcos θ EIη ds

s L′3sin θ GIξ ds +

s L′4cos θ EIη ds

s sin θcos θ GIξ ds -

s sin θcos θ EIη ds

s sin2 θ GIξ ds +

s cos2 θ EIη d                 s

    A31 =

s L′1 EIζ ds 

s L′2 EIζ d

[

]

  A33 =

s ds EI

[

]

ζ .

,当

线

ρ = aebα

26

,其

a > 0

是表征曲率变化的参数

L′1 =   - abe bαsin

α - θ1

+ ae bαcos

α - θ1

- ae bθ1 1 + b

;(

27

L′2 =   ae bα sin

α - θ1

+ abe bα cos

α - θ1

- abe bθ1 1 + b

;(

28

L′3 =   abe bθ1sin

α - θ

+ ae bθ1cos

α - θ

- ae bα 1 + b

;(

29

L′4 =   ae bθ1sin

α - θ

+ abe bθ1cos

α - θ

- abe bα 1 + b

2 .

30

   

Rj= a 1 + b

2 ebθ1

31

f = f11 f12 0 0 0 f16 f21 f22 0 0 0 f26 0 0 f33 f34 f35 0 0 0 f43 f44 f45 0 0 0 f53 f54 f55 0 f61 f62 0 0 0 f                   66

32

f11= Rj EAξ

[

ebθ0- 1 2b + 2ebθ0sin 2θ 0+ b

ebθ0cos 2θ0- 1

4 + b2

]

+ Rj GAη

[

ebθ0- 1 2b - 2ebθ0sin 2θ 0+ b

ebθ0cos 2θ0- 1

4 + b2

]

+ 8 7 4

(6)

,等

:变

线

  R 3 j EIζ

1 + b 2

[

e3bθ0- 1

)(

1 + b

6b + ebθ0- 1 b +

2 - 8b2

e3bθ0sin 2θ 0+

7b - 3b 3

)(

e3bθ0cos 2θ 0- 1

4 + 9b2

+  

4b 2 - 2

e2bθ0sin θ 0- 6b

e2bθ0cos θ0- 1

1 + 4b2

]

f12= Rj EAξ

[

ebθ0

b sin 2θ 0- 2cos 2θ0

+ 2 2

4 + b2

]

- Rj GAη

[

ebθ0

b sin 2θ 0- 2cos 2θ0

+ 2 2

4 + b2

]

+   R 3 j EIζ

1 + b 2

[

7b - 3b3

e3bθ0sin 2θ0+

8b 2 - 2

)(

e3bθ0cos 2θ0- 1

4 + 9b2

+  

2b 3 - 4b

e2bθ0sin θ 0+

5b 2 - 1

)(

e2bθ0cos θ 0- 1

1 + 4b2 + e bθ0- 1

]

f16= R2 j EIζ

1 + b 2

[

- ebθ0- 1 b +

1 - 2b2

e2bθ0sin θ 0+ 3b

e2bθ0cos θ0- 1

1 + 4b2

]

f22= Rj EAξ

[

ebθ0- 1 2b - 2ebθ0sin 2θ 0+ b

ebθ0cos 2θ0- 1

4 + b2

]

+ Rj GAη

[

ebθ0- 1 2b + 2ebθ0sin 2θ 0+ b

ebθ0cos 2θ0- 1

4 + b2

]

+   R 3 j EIζ

1 + b 2

[

e3bθ0- 1

)(

1 + b

6b + b

e bθ0- 1

2 - 8b 2

e3bθ0sin 2θ 0+

7b - 3b 3

)(

e3bθ0cos 2θ 0- 1

4 + 9b2

-   6b 2 e2bθ0sin θ 0+

4b 3 - 2b

)(

e2bθ0cos θ 0- 1

1 + 4b2

]

f26= R2 j EIζ

1 + b 2

[

3be2bθ0sin θ 0+

2b 2 - 1

)(

e2bθ0cos θ 0- 1

1 + 4b2 - ebθ0+ 1

]

f33= Rj bGAζ

ebθ0- 1

R 3 j GIξ

1 + b 2

[

ebθ0- 1

)(

b2+ 1

2b + 2ebθ0sin 2θ0-

b 3 + 3b

)(

ebθ0cos 2θ0- 1

4 + b2

+   e3bθ0- 1 3b -

4b2 + 2

e2bθ0sin θ 0+ 2b

e2bθ0cos θ0- 1

1 + 4b2

]

+ R3 j EIη

1 + b 2

[

ebθ0- 1

)(

1 + b

2b + b

e3bθ0- 1

3 - 2ebθ0sin 2θ 0-

b 3 + 3b

)(

ebθ0cos 2θ 0- 1

4 + b2

+ 2b2 e2bθ0sin θ 0-

4b 3 + 2b

)(

e2bθ0cos θ 0- 1

1 + 4b2

]

f34= R2 j GIξ

1 + b 2

[

b2 + 2

ebθ0sin 2θ 0- b

ebθ0cos 2θ0- 1

4 + b2

+ ebθ0- 1 2b - e2bθ0sin θ 0+ 2b

e2bθ0cos θ0- 1

1 + 4b2

]

- R2j EIη

1 + b 2

[

b2+ 2

ebθ0sin 2θ0- b

ebθ0cos 2θ0- 1

4 + b2

- ebθ0- 1 2b - 2b2e2bθ0sin θ0- b

e2bθ0cos θ0- 1

1 + 4b2

]

f35= R2 j GIξ

1 + b 2

[

ebθ0- 1 2 - bebθ0sin 2θ 0+

b 2 + 2

)(

ebθ0cos 2θ 0- 1

4 + b2

- 2be2bθ0sin θ 0-

e2bθ0cos θ0- 1

1 + 4b2

]

+ R2 j EIη

1 + b 2

[

ebθ0- 1 2 + bebθ0sin 2θ 0+

b 2 + 2

)(

ebθ0cos 2θ 0- 1

4 + b2

- be2bθ0sin θ 0+ 2b 2

e2bθ0cos θ 0- 1

1 + 4b2

]

f44= Rj GIξ

[

2ebθ0sin 2θ 0+ b

ebθ0cos 2θ0- 1

4 + b2

+ ebθ0- 1 2b

]

+ Rj EIη

[

ebθ0- 1 2b - 2ebθ0sin 2θ 0+ b

ebθ0cos 2θ0- 1

4 + b2

]

f45= Rj GIξ

[

bebθ0sin 2θ 0- 2

ebθ0cos 2θ0- 1

4 + b2

]

- Rj EIη

[

bebθ0sin 2θ 0- 2

ebθ0cos 2θ0- 1

4 + b2

]

f55= Rj GIξ

[

ebθ0- 1 2b - 2ebθ0sin 2θ 0+ b

ebθ0cos 2θ0- 1

4 + b2

]

+ Rj EIη

[

ebθ0- 1 2b + 2ebθ0sin 2θ 0+ b

ebθ0cos 2θ0- 1

4 + b2

]

f66= Rj

ebθ0- 1

bEIζ

  fij= fji.    

退

)当

b = 0

ρ = a

,退

线

,柔

]的

)当

s =a 1 + b

2 b

e b

θ0+ θ1

- ebθ1

33

① b

a→∞

θ0→0

,有

9 7 4

(7)

西

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

52

f11→ s EAξ

f12→0

f16→0

f22→ s3 3EIζ + s GAη

f26→ s2 2EIζ

f33→ s3 3EIζ + s GAη

f34→0

f35→ s2 2EIη

f44→ s GIξ

f45→0

f55→ s EIη

f66→ s EIζ . ② a

b→∞

θ0→0

,有

f11→ s EAξ

f12→0

f16→0

f22→ s3 3EIζ + s GAη

f26→ s2 2EIζ

f33→ s3 3EIζ + s GAη

f34→0

f44→ s GIξ

f45→0

f55→ s EIη

f66→ s EIζ .

,当

退

,此

线

线

2 

局部坐标系下变曲率曲梁单元刚

   

,下

,因

,其

1014

,再

1516

ie

[ ]

j = Kii Kij Kji K

[

jj

]

δ

ie

δ

[ ]

j .

34

= Kii Kij Kji K

[

jj

]

35

δ

ie

= 0

,有

ie

= Kijδ

j = Kjjδ

j .

36

23

)可

je

= f - 1 δ

je

37

Kjj = f - 1 .

38

,根

ie

= HF

39

36

)代

39

)可

Kijδ

j = HKjjδ

j .

40

δ

je

,必

Kij= HKjj

41

Kji= KjjH T .

42

   

,当

δ

je

= 0

,再次利用静力平衡条件及

δ

ie

17

Kii = HKjjH T .

43

= HKjjH T HKjj KjjH T K

[

jj

]

44

3 

 

   

线

,跨

,在

局部极坐标系下曲梁轴线方程表达为

ρ = 3. 013 753 481 305e1. 323 813 600 916α

,两

10 m

θ0 = π / 6.

0. 1 m

,材

E = 210 GPa

G = 80 GPa

,集

10 kN

,计

Matlab

. ANSYS

Solid185

,将

沿

线

100

,根

线

,依

. ANSYS

,实

,竖

两者相差

4. 8%

,绕轴线的扭转角两者相差

4. 2%

,弯

角两者都很小

,都在

5%

以内

,两种

,说

1 

Tab. 1  Calculation results of section deflection at midspan wζ/ mm θξ/ rad θη/ rad

- 1. 654 - 0. 000 543 3. 2 × 10- 6

- 1. 662 - 0. 000 520 0

4 

 

   

)本

线

,在

退

,验

0 8 4

参照

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